eyeling 1.23.5 → 1.24.0

package/see/examples/n3/bayes_therapy.n3

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+# ==============
+# Bayes Therapy
+# ==============
+# Extends the Bayesian diagnosis model with a therapy utility layer. Adapted
+# from Eyeling's bayes-therapy.n3. Values are illustrative only and are not
+# medical advice.
+
+@prefix : <https://eyereasoner.github.io/see/examples/bayes-therapy#>.
+@prefix math: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/math#>.
+@prefix list: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/list#>.
+@prefix log: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#>.
+@prefix string: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/string#>.
+
+:COVID19 a :Disease; :prior 0.05.
+:Influenza a :Disease; :prior 0.03.
+:AllergicRhinitis a :Disease; :prior 0.10.
+:BacterialPneumonia a :Disease; :prior 0.01.
+
+:COVID19 :pGiven [ :symptom :Fever; :p 0.70 ], [ :symptom :DryCough; :p 0.65 ], [ :symptom :LossOfSmell; :p 0.40 ], [ :symptom :Sneezing; :p 0.15 ], [ :symptom :ShortBreath; :p 0.20 ].
+:Influenza :pGiven [ :symptom :Fever; :p 0.80 ], [ :symptom :DryCough; :p 0.50 ], [ :symptom :LossOfSmell; :p 0.05 ], [ :symptom :Sneezing; :p 0.20 ], [ :symptom :ShortBreath; :p 0.10 ].
+:AllergicRhinitis :pGiven [ :symptom :Fever; :p 0.05 ], [ :symptom :DryCough; :p 0.15 ], [ :symptom :LossOfSmell; :p 0.10 ], [ :symptom :Sneezing; :p 0.80 ], [ :symptom :ShortBreath; :p 0.05 ].
+:BacterialPneumonia :pGiven [ :symptom :Fever; :p 0.70 ], [ :symptom :DryCough; :p 0.60 ], [ :symptom :LossOfSmell; :p 0.02 ], [ :symptom :Sneezing; :p 0.05 ], [ :symptom :ShortBreath; :p 0.60 ].
+
+:Paxlovid a :Therapy; :label "Paxlovid"; :successByDisease ( 0.75 0.05 0.02 0.05 ); :adverse 0.10.
+:Oseltamivir a :Therapy; :label "Oseltamivir"; :successByDisease ( 0.05 0.60 0.02 0.05 ); :adverse 0.08.
+:Antihistamine a :Therapy; :label "Antihistamine"; :successByDisease ( 0.10 0.10 0.75 0.05 ); :adverse 0.03.
+:Antibiotic a :Therapy; :label "Antibiotic"; :successByDisease ( 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.80 ); :adverse 0.07.
+:SupportiveCare a :Therapy; :label "Supportive care"; :successByDisease ( 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.20 ); :adverse 0.01.
+
+:Model :benefitWeight 10; :harmWeight 3.
+:Case a :PatientCase;
+  :diseases (:COVID19 :Influenza :AllergicRhinitis :BacterialPneumonia);
+  :therapies (:Paxlovid :Oseltamivir :SupportiveCare :Antibiotic :Antihistamine);
+  :evidence (
+    [ :symptom :Fever; :present true ]
+    [ :symptom :DryCough; :present true ]
+    [ :symptom :LossOfSmell; :present false ]
+    [ :symptom :Sneezing; :present false ]
+    [ :symptom :ShortBreath; :present false ]
+  ).
+
+{ ?d :prior ?p. ?p math:lessThan 0. } => false.
+{ ?d :prior ?p. ?p math:greaterThan 1. } => false.
+{ ?d :pGiven [ :p ?p ]. ?p math:lessThan 0. } => false.
+{ ?d :pGiven [ :p ?p ]. ?p math:greaterThan 1. } => false.
+{ ?t a :Therapy; :adverse ?p. ?p math:lessThan 0. } => false.
+{ ?t a :Therapy; :adverse ?p. ?p math:greaterThan 1. } => false.
+{ ?t a :Therapy; :successByDisease ?ps. ?ps list:iterate ( ?i ?p ). ?p math:lessThan 0. } => false.
+{ ?t a :Therapy; :successByDisease ?ps. ?ps list:iterate ( ?i ?p ). ?p math:greaterThan 1. } => false.
+
+{ ( ?d () ) :pairList () } <= true.
+{ ( ?d ?xs ) :pairList ?pairs } <= {
+  ?xs list:firstRest ( ?x ?rest ).
+  ( ?d ?rest ) :pairList ?tailPairs.
+  ?pairs list:firstRest ( ( ?d ?x ) ?tailPairs ).
+}.
+{ ( () ?c ) :pairWithConst () } <= true.
+{ ( ?xs ?c ) :pairWithConst ?pairs } <= {
+  ?xs list:firstRest ( ?x ?rest ).
+  ( ?rest ?c ) :pairWithConst ?tailPairs.
+  ?pairs list:firstRest ( ( ?x ?c ) ?tailPairs ).
+}.
+{ ( () () ) :zip () } <= true.
+{ ( ?as ?bs ) :zip ?pairs } <= {
+  ?as list:firstRest ( ?a ?arest ).
+  ?bs list:firstRest ( ?b ?brest ).
+  ( ?arest ?brest ) :zip ?tailPairs.
+  ?pairs list:firstRest ( ( ?a ?b ) ?tailPairs ).
+}.
+{ ?pair :mul ?p } <= { ?pair math:product ?p }.
+{ ?pair :quot2 ?q } <= { ?pair math:quotient ?q }.
+
+{ ( ?d ?ev ) :factor ?p } <= {
+  ?ev :symptom ?s; :present true.
+  ?d :pGiven [ :symptom ?s; :p ?p ].
+}.
+{ ( ?d ?ev ) :factor ?q } <= {
+  ?ev :symptom ?s; :present false.
+  ?d :pGiven [ :symptom ?s; :p ?p ].
+  ( 1 ?p ) math:difference ?q.
+}.
+{ ?d :scoreFor ?score } <= {
+  ?d :prior ?prior.
+  :Case :evidence ?evs.
+  ( ?d ?evs ) :pairList ?pairs.
+  ( ?pairs :factor ) list:map ?factors.
+  ?factors math:product ?likelihood.
+  ( ?prior ?likelihood ) math:product ?score.
+}.
+{
+  :Case :diseases ?ds.
+  ( ?ds :scoreFor ) list:map ?scores.
+  ?scores math:sum ?total.
+  ( ?scores ?total ) :pairWithConst ?scorePairs.
+  ( ?scorePairs :quot2 ) list:map ?posteriors.
+} => {
+  :Case :scores ?scores; :evidenceTotal ?total; :posteriors ?posteriors.
+}.
+{
+  :Case :diseases ?ds; :posteriors ?posts.
+  ?ds list:iterate ( ?i ?d ).
+  ( ?posts ?i ) list:memberAt ?p.
+} => {
+  ?d :posterior ?p.
+}.
+
+# expectedSuccess(t) = sum_i posterior[i] * P(success | disease_i, t)
+{
+  :Case :posteriors ?posts.
+  ?t a :Therapy; :successByDisease ?succ; :adverse ?adverse.
+  ( ?posts ?succ ) :zip ?pairs.
+  ( ?pairs :mul ) list:map ?terms.
+  ?terms math:sum ?expectedSuccess.
+  :Model :benefitWeight ?bw; :harmWeight ?hw.
+  ( ?bw ?expectedSuccess ) math:product ?benefit.
+  ( ?hw ?adverse ) math:product ?harmCost.
+  ( ?benefit ?harmCost ) math:difference ?utility.
+} => {
+  ?t :expectedSuccess ?expectedSuccess;
+    :expectedAdverse ?adverse;
+    :utility ?utility.
+}.
+
+{ ( ?t1 ?t2 ) :betterOf ?t1 } <= { ?t1 :utility ?u1. ?t2 :utility ?u2. ?u1 math:notLessThan ?u2. }.
+{ ( ?t1 ?t2 ) :betterOf ?t2 } <= { ?t1 :utility ?u1. ?t2 :utility ?u2. ?u1 math:lessThan ?u2. }.
+{ ( ?ts ) :bestTherapy ?t } <= { ?ts list:firstRest ( ?t () ). }.
+{ ( ?ts ) :bestTherapy ?best } <= {
+  ?ts list:firstRest ( ?head ?rest ).
+  ?rest list:firstRest ( ?_ ?__ ).
+  ( ?rest ) :bestTherapy ?bestRest.
+  ( ?head ?bestRest ) :betterOf ?best.
+}.
+{ :Case :therapies ?ts. ( ?ts ) :bestTherapy ?best. } => { :Case :recommendedTherapy ?best. }.
+
+{
+  :Case :recommendedTherapy ?best.
+  ?best :label ?bestLabel; :expectedSuccess ?bestSuccess; :expectedAdverse ?bestAdverse; :utility ?bestUtility.
+  :Paxlovid :utility ?paxU; :expectedSuccess ?paxS; :expectedAdverse ?paxA.
+  :Oseltamivir :utility ?oseU; :expectedSuccess ?oseS; :expectedAdverse ?oseA.
+  :SupportiveCare :utility ?supU; :expectedSuccess ?supS; :expectedAdverse ?supA.
+  :Antibiotic :utility ?antibU; :expectedSuccess ?antibS; :expectedAdverse ?antibA.
+  :Antihistamine :utility ?antiU; :expectedSuccess ?antiS; :expectedAdverse ?antiA.
+  ("=== Answer ===\nRecommended therapy: %s (utility = %.6f).\nexpected success : %.6f\nadverse probability : %.6f\n\nTherapy utilities:\n  Paxlovid        utility = %.6f  success = %.6f  adverse = %.6f\n  Oseltamivir     utility = %.6f  success = %.6f  adverse = %.6f\n  Supportive care utility = %.6f  success = %.6f  adverse = %.6f\n  Antibiotic      utility = %.6f  success = %.6f  adverse = %.6f\n  Antihistamine   utility = %.6f  success = %.6f  adverse = %.6f\n\n=== Explanation ===\nThe N3 source first computes disease posteriors from the symptom evidence. It then combines those posterior probabilities with therapy-specific success probabilities, subtracting the weighted adverse-effect penalty from the weighted expected benefit." ?bestLabel ?bestUtility ?bestSuccess ?bestAdverse ?paxU ?paxS ?paxA ?oseU ?oseS ?oseA ?supU ?supS ?supA ?antibU ?antibS ?antibA ?antiU ?antiS ?antiA) string:format ?Block.
+} => {
+  :bayesTherapy log:outputString ?Block.
+  :bayesTherapy :recommends ?best.
+}.
+
+{ :bayesTherapy :recommends ?Therapy } log:query { :bayesTherapy :recommends ?Therapy }.

package/see/examples/n3/bmi.n3

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+# ============================================================================
+# BMI — Body Mass Index example.
+#
+# This example turns a familiar health calculation into a small, inspectable
+# SEE example. It normalizes either metric or US inputs, computes BMI, assigns
+# a WHO adult category, and derives a healthy-range weight band for the given
+# height. The report explains the result and includes independent validations for
+# boundary handling and category behavior.
+#
+# For reproducibility and documentation only; not medical advice.
+# ============================================================================
+
+@prefix : <https://example.org/bmi#> .
+@prefix log: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#> .
+@prefix math: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/math#> .
+@prefix string: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/string#> .
+
+# --------------
+# Editable input
+# --------------
+:Input
+  :unitSystem "metric";
+  :weight 72.0;
+  :height 178.0.
+
+# US alternative:
+# :Input
+#   :unitSystem "us";
+#   :weight 158.73;
+#   :height 70.08.
+
+# ---------------------------------
+# Normalization and BMI calculation
+# ---------------------------------
+{ :Input :unitSystem "metric"; :weight ?W; :height ?H.
+  (?H 100.0) math:quotient ?M. }
+  =>
+{ :Case :weightKg ?W; :heightM ?M.
+  :Reason :units "Inputs were already metric, so kilograms stay kilograms and centimeters are divided by 100 to obtain meters.". } .
+
+{ :Input :unitSystem "us"; :weight ?W; :height ?H.
+  (?W 0.45359237) math:product ?Kg.
+  (?H 0.0254) math:product ?M. }
+  =>
+{ :Case :weightKg ?Kg; :heightM ?M.
+  :Reason :units "US inputs were converted to SI units: pounds to kilograms and inches to meters.". } .
+
+{ :Case :weightKg ?Kg; :heightM ?M.
+  (?M ?M) math:product ?M2.
+  (?Kg ?M2) math:quotient ?Bmi.
+  (?Bmi 100.0) math:product ?BmiX100.
+  ?BmiX100 math:rounded ?BmiRoundedInt.
+  (?BmiRoundedInt 100.0) math:quotient ?BmiRounded.
+  (18.5 ?M2) math:product ?HealthyMin.
+  (24.9 ?M2) math:product ?HealthyMax.
+  (?HealthyMin 10.0) math:product ?MinX10.
+  (?HealthyMax 10.0) math:product ?MaxX10.
+  ?MinX10 math:rounded ?MinRoundedInt.
+  ?MaxX10 math:rounded ?MaxRoundedInt.
+  (?MinRoundedInt 10.0) math:quotient ?HealthyMinRounded.
+  (?MaxRoundedInt 10.0) math:quotient ?HealthyMaxRounded. }
+  =>
+{ :Case :heightSquared ?M2;
+  :bmi ?Bmi;
+  :bmiRounded ?BmiRounded;
+  :healthyMinKg ?HealthyMin;
+  :healthyMaxKg ?HealthyMax;
+  :healthyMinKgRounded ?HealthyMinRounded;
+  :healthyMaxKgRounded ?HealthyMaxRounded. } .
+
+# ------------------------------------------
+# WHO adult categories (half-open intervals)
+# ------------------------------------------
+{ :Case :bmi ?Bmi. ?Bmi math:lessThan 18.5. }
+  => { :Decision :category "Underweight". } .
+
+{ :Case :bmi ?Bmi. ?Bmi math:notLessThan 18.5. ?Bmi math:lessThan 25.0. }
+  => { :Decision :category "Normal". } .
+
+{ :Case :bmi ?Bmi. ?Bmi math:notLessThan 25.0. ?Bmi math:lessThan 30.0. }
+  => { :Decision :category "Overweight". } .
+
+{ :Case :bmi ?Bmi. ?Bmi math:notLessThan 30.0. ?Bmi math:lessThan 35.0. }
+  => { :Decision :category "Obesity I". } .
+
+{ :Case :bmi ?Bmi. ?Bmi math:notLessThan 35.0. ?Bmi math:lessThan 40.0. }
+  => { :Decision :category "Obesity II". } .
+
+{ :Case :bmi ?Bmi. ?Bmi math:notLessThan 40.0. }
+  => { :Decision :category "Obesity III". } .
+
+# ---------------------
+# Answer and reason why
+# ---------------------
+{ :Case :bmiRounded ?BmiRounded;
+  :healthyMinKgRounded ?HealthyMinRounded;
+  :healthyMaxKgRounded ?HealthyMaxRounded;
+  :heightM ?M.
+  :Decision :category ?Category.
+  (?M 100.0) math:product ?Cm.
+  ?Cm math:rounded ?CmRounded. }
+  =>
+{ :Answer :bmi ?BmiRounded;
+  :category ?Category;
+  :healthyMinKg ?HealthyMinRounded;
+  :healthyMaxKg ?HealthyMaxRounded;
+  :heightCm ?CmRounded. } .
+
+{ :Case :weightKg ?Kg; :heightM ?M; :heightSquared ?M2; :bmiRounded ?BmiRounded.
+  :Reason :units ?Units.
+  :Decision :category ?Category. }
+  =>
+{ :Reason :formula "BMI is defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.";
+  :calculation "The normalized weight and height were used to compute BMI, then the result was mapped to the WHO adult category table.";
+  :categoryRule ?Category;
+  :unitsExplanation ?Units. } .
+
+# -----
+# Fuses
+# -----
+{ :Decision :category ?C1, ?C2.
+  ?C1 log:notEqualTo ?C2. }
+  => false .
+
+# ---------------------------------------------
+# Report (built from actual derived values)
+# ---------------------------------------------
+{ :Answer :bmi ?BmiRounded;
+  :category ?Category;
+  :healthyMinKg ?HealthyMinRounded;
+  :healthyMaxKg ?HealthyMaxRounded;
+  :heightCm ?CmRounded.
+  (
+    "=== Answer ===\n"
+    "BMI = " ?BmiRounded "\n"
+    "Category = " ?Category "\n"
+    "At height " ?CmRounded " cm, a healthy-weight range is about " ?HealthyMinRounded "–" ?HealthyMaxRounded " kg (BMI 18.5–24.9).\n\n"
+    "=== Explanation ===\n"
+    "BMI is defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. "
+    "This program first normalizes the input to SI units, computes BMI, and then applies WHO adult categories as half-open intervals. "
+    "The healthy-weight band is the weight range at the same height that corresponds to BMI 18.5 through 24.9.\n\n"
+  ) string:concatenation ?Block. }
+  =>
+{ :report log:outputString ?Block. } .
+

package/see/examples/n3/builtin_coverage.n3

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# Builtin coverage smoke
+# Exercises math, string, list, crypto, time, and log builtins in compiled JavaScript.
+
+@prefix : <urn:example#>.
+
+{
+  (2 3 4) math:sum ?sum.
+  (2 3 4) math:product ?product.
+  (9 4) math:difference ?difference.
+  (9 3) math:quotient ?quotient.
+  (9 4) math:integerQuotient ?iq.
+  (9 4) math:remainder ?rem.
+  3 math:negation ?neg.
+  -3 math:absoluteValue ?abs.
+  3.141592653589793 math:degrees ?deg.
+  "abc" string:length ?len.
+  ("a" "b" "c") string:concatenation ?cat.
+  ("item %s %d" "x" 7) string:format ?fmt.
+  "abcdef" string:contains "cd".
+  "Hello" string:containsIgnoringCase "he".
+  ("abcdef" "cd(ef)") string:scrape ?scrape.
+  ("abc" 1) string:charAt ?char.
+  ("abc" 1 "Z") string:setCharAt ?set.
+  "hello" crypto:sha256 ?sha.
+  ("a" "b" "c") list:first ?first.
+  ("a" "b" "c") list:rest ?rest.
+  ("a" "b" "c") list:last ?last.
+  ("a" "b" "c") list:length ?listLen.
+  ("a" "b" "c") list:reverse ?rev.
+  (("a" "b" "a") "a") list:remove ?removed.
+  (("a") ("b" "c")) list:append ?appended.
+  "b" list:in ("a" "b" "c").
+  ("a" "b" "c") list:member ?member.
+  "2024-01-02T03:04:05Z" time:year ?year.
+  "2024-01-02T03:04:05Z" time:month ?month.
+  ( { :x :p :y } { :a :b :c } ) log:conjunction ?formula.
+}
+=> {
+  :assurance :sum ?sum;
+    :product ?product;
+    :difference ?difference;
+    :quotient ?quotient;
+    :integerQuotient ?iq;
+    :remainder ?rem;
+    :negation ?neg;
+    :absoluteValue ?abs;
+    :degrees ?deg;
+    :stringLength ?len;
+    :concatenation ?cat;
+    :format ?fmt;
+    :scrape ?scrape;
+    :charAt ?char;
+    :setCharAt ?set;
+    :sha256 ?sha;
+    :first ?first;
+    :rest ?rest;
+    :last ?last;
+    :listLength ?listLen;
+    :reverse ?rev;
+    :removed ?removed;
+    :appended ?appended;
+    :member ?member;
+    :year ?year;
+    :month ?month;
+    :formula ?formula.
+}.
+
+{ :assurance ?p ?o } log:query { :assurance ?p ?o }.

package/see/examples/n3/collection.n3

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+@prefix : <https://eyereasoner.github.io/see/examples/collection#>.
+(1 _:b2 (2)) :p2 :q2 .
+_:b2 :p :q .

package/see/examples/n3/complex.n3

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# ================================================
+# Complex numbers
+# See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number
+# ================================================
+@prefix math: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/math#>.
+@prefix log: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#>.
+@prefix complex: <https://eyereasoner.github.io/eye/complex#>.
+@prefix : <http://example.org/#>.
+
+{
+    ((?A ?B) (?C ?D)) complex:exponentiation (?E ?F).
+} <= {
+    (?A ?B) complex:polar (?R ?T).
+    (?R ?C) math:exponentiation ?Z1.
+    ?D math:negation ?Z2.
+    (?Z2 ?T) math:product ?Z3.
+    (2.718281828459045 ?Z3) math:exponentiation ?Z4.
+    (2.718281828459045 ?Z5) math:exponentiation ?R.
+    (?D ?Z5) math:product ?Z6.
+    (?C ?T) math:product ?Z7.
+    (?Z6 ?Z7) math:sum ?Z8.
+    ?Z8 math:cos ?Z9.
+    (?Z1 ?Z4 ?Z9) math:product ?E.
+    ?Z8 math:sin ?Z10.
+    (?Z1 ?Z4 ?Z10) math:product ?F.
+}.
+
+{
+    (?A ?B) complex:asin (?C ?D).
+} <= {
+    (1 ?A) math:sum ?Z1.
+    (?Z1 2) math:exponentiation ?Z2.
+    (?B 2) math:exponentiation ?Z3.
+    (?Z2 ?Z3) math:sum ?Z4.
+    (?Z4 0.5) math:exponentiation ?Z5.
+    (1 ?A) math:difference ?Z6.
+    (?Z6 2) math:exponentiation ?Z7.
+    (?Z7 ?Z3) math:sum ?Z8.
+    (?Z8 0.5) math:exponentiation ?Z9.
+    (?Z5 ?Z9) math:difference ?Z10.
+    (?Z10 2) math:quotient ?E.
+    (?Z5 ?Z9) math:sum ?Z11.
+    (?Z11 2) math:quotient ?F.
+    ?E math:asin ?C.
+    (?F 2) math:exponentiation ?Z12.
+    (?Z12 1) math:difference ?Z13.
+    (?Z13 0.5) math:exponentiation ?Z14.
+    (?F ?Z14) math:sum ?Z15.
+    (2.718281828459045 ?D) math:exponentiation ?Z15.
+}.
+
+{
+    (?A ?B) complex:acos (?C ?D).
+} <= {
+    (1 ?A) math:sum ?Z1.
+    (?Z1 2) math:exponentiation ?Z2.
+    (?B 2) math:exponentiation ?Z3.
+    (?Z2 ?Z3) math:sum ?Z4.
+    (?Z4 0.5) math:exponentiation ?Z5.
+    (1 ?A) math:difference ?Z6.
+    (?Z6 2) math:exponentiation ?Z7.
+    (?Z7 ?Z3) math:sum ?Z8.
+    (?Z8 0.5) math:exponentiation ?Z9.
+    (?Z5 ?Z9) math:difference ?Z10.
+    (?Z10 2) math:quotient ?E.
+    (?Z5 ?Z9) math:sum ?Z11.
+    (?Z11 2) math:quotient ?F.
+    ?E math:acos ?C.
+    (?F 2) math:exponentiation ?Z12.
+    (?Z12 1) math:difference ?Z13.
+    (?Z13 0.5) math:exponentiation ?Z14.
+    (?F ?Z14) math:sum ?Z15.
+    (2.718281828459045 ?U) math:exponentiation ?Z15.
+    ?U math:negation ?D.
+}.
+
+{
+    (?X ?Y) complex:polar(?R ?Tp).
+} <= {
+    (?X 2) math:exponentiation ?Z1.
+    (?Y 2) math:exponentiation ?Z2.
+    (?Z1 ?Z2) math:sum ?Z3.
+    (?Z3 0.5) math:exponentiation ?R.
+    ?X math:absoluteValue ?Z4.
+    (?Z4 ?R) math:quotient ?Z5.
+    ?Z5 math:acos ?T.
+    (?X ?Y ?T) complex:dial ?Tp.
+}.
+
+{
+    (?X ?Y ?T) complex:dial ?Tp.
+} <= {
+    ?X math:notLessThan 0.
+    ?Y math:notLessThan 0.
+    (0 ?T) math:sum ?Tp.
+}.
+
+{
+    (?X ?Y ?T) complex:dial ?Tp.
+} <= {
+    ?X math:lessThan 0.
+    ?Y math:notLessThan 0.
+    (3.141592653589793 ?T) math:difference ?Tp.
+}.
+
+{
+    (?X ?Y ?T) complex:dial ?Tp.
+} <= {
+    ?X math:lessThan 0.
+    ?Y math:lessThan 0.
+    (3.141592653589793 ?T) math:sum ?Tp.
+}.
+
+{
+    (?X ?Y ?T) complex:dial ?Tp.
+} <= {
+    ?X math:notLessThan 0.
+    ?Y math:lessThan 0.
+    (3.141592653589793 2) math:product ?Z1.
+    (?Z1 ?T) math:difference ?Tp.
+}.
+
+# test
+{
+    ((-1 0) (0.5 0)) complex:exponentiation ?C1.
+    ((2.718281828459045 0) (0 3.141592653589793)) complex:exponentiation ?C2.
+    ((0 1) (0 1)) complex:exponentiation ?C3.
+    ((2.718281828459045 0) (-1.57079632679 0)) complex:exponentiation ?C4.
+    (2 0) complex:asin ?C5.
+    (2 0) complex:acos ?C6.
+} => {
+    :test :is {
+        ((-1 0) (0.5 0)) complex:exponentiation ?C1.
+        ((2.718281828459045 0) (0 3.141592653589793)) complex:exponentiation ?C2.
+        ((0 1) (0 1)) complex:exponentiation ?C3.
+        ((2.718281828459045 0) (-1.57079632679 0)) complex:exponentiation ?C4.
+        (2 0) complex:asin ?C5.
+        (2 0) complex:acos ?C6.
+    }.
+}.

package/see/examples/n3/complex_matrix_stability.n3

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# ==========================================================================
+# Complex Matrix Stability
+# ==========================================================================
+# Diagonal 2x2 complex matrices are classified for discrete-time stability.
+# This adapts the Eyeling complex matrix example as a committed SEE N3
+# source that compiles to a standalone JavaScript example.
+
+@prefix : <https://eyereasoner.github.io/see/examples/complex-matrix-stability#>.
+@prefix log: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#>.
+@prefix math: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/math#>.
+@prefix string: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/string#>.
+
+:Case :unstableMatrix :A_unstable;
+  :stableMatrix :A_stable;
+  :dampedMatrix :A_damped.
+
+:Scale2 :k 2.
+
+:c_0_0 :re 0; :im 0; :pretty "(0,0)".
+:c_0_1 :re 0; :im 1; :pretty "(0,1)".
+:c_1_0 :re 1; :im 0; :pretty "(1,0)".
+:c_m1_0 :re -1; :im 0; :pretty "(-1,0)".
+:c_1_1 :re 1; :im 1; :pretty "(1,1)".
+:c_1_2 :re 1; :im 2; :pretty "(1,2)".
+:c_2_0 :re 2; :im 0; :pretty "(2,0)".
+
+:A_unstable
+  :a11 :c_1_1; :a12 :c_0_0; :a21 :c_0_0; :a22 :c_2_0;
+  :pretty "[[(1,1),(0,0)],[(0,0),(2,0)]]".
+:A_stable
+  :a11 :c_1_0; :a12 :c_0_0; :a21 :c_0_0; :a22 :c_m1_0;
+  :pretty "[[(1,0),(0,0)],[(0,0),(-1,0)]]".
+:A_damped
+  :a11 :c_0_0; :a12 :c_0_0; :a21 :c_0_0; :a22 :c_0_0;
+  :pretty "[[(0,0),(0,0)],[(0,0),(0,0)]]".
+
+{ ?Z :abs2 ?A2 } <= {
+  ?Z :re ?R; :im ?I.
+  (?R ?R) math:product ?R2.
+  (?I ?I) math:product ?I2.
+  (?R2 ?I2) math:sum ?A2.
+}.
+
+{ ?Z :isZero true } <= { ?Z :re 0; :im 0. }.
+
+{ ?M :eigenvalue1 ?L1 } <= {
+  ?M :a11 ?L1; :a12 ?Z1; :a21 ?Z2; :a22 ?L2.
+  ?Z1 :isZero true.
+  ?Z2 :isZero true.
+}.
+{ ?M :eigenvalue2 ?L2 } <= {
+  ?M :a11 ?L1; :a12 ?Z1; :a21 ?Z2; :a22 ?L2.
+  ?Z1 :isZero true.
+  ?Z2 :isZero true.
+}.
+
+{ ?M :spectralRadiusSq ?A1 } <= {
+  ?M :eigenvalue1 ?L1; :eigenvalue2 ?L2.
+  ?L1 :abs2 ?A1.
+  ?L2 :abs2 ?A2.
+  ?A1 math:notLessThan ?A2.
+}.
+{ ?M :spectralRadiusSq ?A2 } <= {
+  ?M :eigenvalue1 ?L1; :eigenvalue2 ?L2.
+  ?L1 :abs2 ?A1.
+  ?L2 :abs2 ?A2.
+  ?A2 math:greaterThan ?A1.
+}.
+
+{ ?M :spectralRadius 2 } <= { ?M :spectralRadiusSq 4. }.
+{ ?M :spectralRadius 1 } <= { ?M :spectralRadiusSq 1. }.
+{ ?M :spectralRadius 0 } <= { ?M :spectralRadiusSq 0. }.
+
+{ ?M :classification :unstable } <= { ?M :spectralRadiusSq ?R2. ?R2 math:greaterThan 1. }.
+{ ?M :classification :stable } <= { ?M :spectralRadiusSq 1. }.
+{ ?M :classification :damped } <= { ?M :spectralRadiusSq ?R2. ?R2 math:lessThan 1. }.
+
+{ :sampleProduct :re ?Cr } <= {
+  :c_1_2 :re ?Ar; :im ?Ai.
+  :c_0_1 :re ?Br; :im ?Bi.
+  (?Ar ?Br) math:product ?P1.
+  (?Ai ?Bi) math:product ?P2.
+  (?P1 ?P2) math:difference ?Cr.
+}.
+{ :sampleProduct :im ?Ci } <= {
+  :c_1_2 :re ?Ar; :im ?Ai.
+  :c_0_1 :re ?Br; :im ?Bi.
+  (?Ar ?Bi) math:product ?P3.
+  (?Ai ?Br) math:product ?P4.
+  (?P3 ?P4) math:sum ?Ci.
+}.
+
+{ :A_unstable :scaledRadiusSq ?S2 } <= {
+  :Scale2 :k ?K.
+  (?K ?K) math:product ?K2.
+  (?K2 4) math:product ?S2.
+}.
+
+{
+  :Case :unstableMatrix ?Mu; :stableMatrix ?Ms; :dampedMatrix ?Md.
+  ?Mu :classification :unstable; :spectralRadius 2.
+  ?Ms :classification :stable; :spectralRadius 1.
+  ?Md :classification :damped; :spectralRadius 0.
+} => { :Case :scenarioOk true. }.
+
+
+{
+  :Case :scenarioOk true.
+  :A_unstable :pretty ?UnstableMatrix; :spectralRadius ?Ru.
+  :A_stable :pretty ?StableMatrix; :spectralRadius ?Rs.
+  :A_damped :pretty ?DampedMatrix; :spectralRadius ?Rd.
+  ("=== Answer ===\nA_unstable = %s has spectral radius %s and is unstable. A_stable = %s has spectral radius %s and is marginally stable. A_damped = %s has spectral radius %s and is damped.\n\n=== Explanation ===\nFor a discrete-time linear system x_{k+1} = A x_k, diagonal matrix eigenvalues are the diagonal entries. The largest squared complex modulus determines the spectral radius class. The N3 derivation also validates that |z*w|^2 = |z|^2*|w|^2 for a concrete complex product and that scaling A_unstable by 2 multiplies the squared spectral radius by 4." ?UnstableMatrix ?Ru ?StableMatrix ?Rs ?DampedMatrix ?Rd) string:format ?Block.
+} => { :report log:outputString ?Block. }.

package/see/examples/n3/composition_of_injective_functions_is_injective.n3

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Composition of injective functions is injective.
+@prefix : <https://eyereasoner.github.io/eye/reasoning#>.
+@prefix log: <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/log#>.
+
+{ ?x :inX true. } => { (?x ?x) :sameTerm true. }.
+{ ?y :inY true. } => { (?y ?y) :sameTerm true. }.
+{ ?z :inZ true. } => { (?z ?z) :sameTerm true. }.
+{ (?a ?b) :sameTerm true. } => { (?b ?a) :sameTerm true. }.
+{ (?f ?x) :app ?u. (?f ?x) :app ?v. } => { (?u ?v) :sameTerm true. }.
+{ ?f :injective true. (?f ?x) :app ?u. (?f ?y) :app ?v. (?u ?v) :sameTerm true. } => { (?x ?y) :sameTerm true. }.
+{ ?h :compositeOf (?g ?f). (?f ?x) :app ?y. (?g ?y) :app ?z. } => { (?h ?x) :app ?z. }.
+{ ?h :compositeOf (?g ?f). ?f :injective true. ?g :injective true. (?f ?x) :app ?fx. (?f ?y) :app ?fy. (?g ?fx) :app ?u. (?g ?fy) :app ?v. (?u ?v) :sameTerm true. (?x ?y) :sameTerm true. } => { (?h ?x ?y) :sameInputUnderEqualCompositeOutput true. }.
+
+:a :inX true.
+:b :inX true.
+:p :inY true.
+:q :inY true.
+:r :inZ true.
+:f :injective true.
+:g :injective true.
+:h :compositeOf (:g :f).
+(:f :a) :app :p.
+(:f :b) :app :q.
+(:g :p) :app :r.
+(:g :q) :app :r.
+
+{ (?h ?x ?y) :sameInputUnderEqualCompositeOutput true. ?x log:notEqualTo ?y. } log:query { :result :sameInputByCompositeInjectivity (?h ?x ?y). }.