exprify 1.0.0 → 1.0.2

package/dist/exprify.esm.js

@@ -1,511 +1,3001 @@
-function tokenize(expr, context) {
-    let tokens = [];
-    let current = "";
-    let quote = "";
-
-    for (let i = 0; i < expr.length; i++) {
-
-        let char = expr[i];
-
-        const isOperator =
-            char === '(' || char === ')' ||
-            char === '^' || char === '*' ||
-            char === '/' || char === '%' ||
-            char === '+' || char === '-';
-
-        const isQuote = char === '"' || char === "'" || char === "`";
-
-        if (isQuote) {
-            if (quote === "") {
-                quote = char;
-                current += char;
-            } else if (quote === char) {
-                current += char;
-                quote = "";
-
-                tokens.push(context.stringToJS(current, context.variablesDB));
-                current = "";
-            } else {
-                current += char;
-            }
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (quote !== "") {
-            current += char;
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (char === "#") {
-
-            let bracket = 0;
-            let funcName = "";
-            let arg = "";
-            let args = [];
-            let quoteFunc = "";
-
-            while (i < expr.length - 1) {
-                i++;
-                char = expr[i];
-
-                if (bracket === 0) {
-                    if (char === "(") {
-                        bracket++;
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    if (char === " ")
-                        throw new Error("Function name cannot contain space");
-
-                    if (isQuote)
-                        throw new Error("Function name cannot contain quotes");
-
-                    if (funcName === "" && /[0-9.]/.test(char))
-                        throw new Error("Function name cannot start with number");
-
-                    funcName += char;
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                if (isQuote) {
-                    if (quoteFunc === "") quoteFunc = char;
-                    else if (quoteFunc === char) quoteFunc = "";
-                }
-
-                if (quoteFunc === "") {
-
-                    if (char === "(") bracket++;
-                    else if (char === ")") {
-                        bracket--;
-
-                        if (bracket === 0) {
-                            if (arg !== "") args.push(arg);
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    if (char === "," && bracket === 1) {
-                        if (arg === "")
-                            throw new Error(`Missing argument in #${funcName}()`);
-
-                        args.push(arg);
-                        arg = "";
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                arg += char;
-            }
-
-            args = args.map(a => context.evaluate(a));
-
-            let fn =
-                context.func_DB_intrnl[funcName] ||
-                context.func_DB_extrnl[funcName];
-
-            if (!fn) {
-                throw new Error(`#${funcName}() not defined`);
-            }
-
-            tokens.push(fn(...args));
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (isOperator) {
-
-            if (current !== "") {
-                tokens.push(context.stringToJS(current, context.variablesDB));
-                current = "";
-            }
-
-            tokens.push(char);
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (char === " ") {
-            if (current !== "") {
-                tokens.push(context.stringToJS(current, context.variablesDB));
-                current = "";
-            }
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        current += char;
-
-        if (i === expr.length - 1 && current !== "") {
-            tokens.push(context.stringToJS(current, context.variablesDB));
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (quote !== "") {
-        throw new Error("Unclosed string literal");
-    }
-
-    return tokens;
+function tokenize(expr, context = {}) {
+  const tokens = [];
+  let current = "";
+  let quote = "";
+
+  const operators = ["+", "-", "*", "/", "%", "^", "=", ">", "<", "!", "&", "|"];
+  const multiOps = [
+    "==", ">=", "<=", "&&", "||",
+    "+=", "-=", "*=", "/=", "%=",
+    "?.", "??", "|>"
+  ];
+
+  const parentheses = "()";
+  const comma = ",";
+  const semicolon = ";";
+  const keywords = ["to", "in"];
+  // const functions = context.functions?.getAllFunctionsName?.() || [];
+  const units = context.units?.getAllUnitsFlat?.() || [];
+
+  const isIdentifier = (s) => /^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$/.test(s);
+
+  function getContext(str, charIndex) {
+      // 1. Extract all alphanumeric words into an array
+      const words = str.match(/[a-z0-9]+/gi) || [];
+      
+      // 2. Identify the current character and the one immediately before it
+      const currentChar = str[charIndex] || null;
+      const prevChar = charIndex > 0 ? str[charIndex - 1] : null;
+      
+      // 3. Find the word that contains the current charIndex
+      let start = charIndex;
+      // Move pointer back to the start of the current word
+      while (start > 0 && /[a-z0-9]/i.test(str[start - 1])) start--;
+      
+      let end = charIndex;
+      // Move pointer forward to the end of the current word
+      while (end < str.length && /[a-z0-9]/i.test(str[end])) end++;
+      
+      const currentWord = str.substring(start, end);
+
+      // 4. Find the word that appears before the currentWord in the sequence
+      const currentWordIdx = words.indexOf(currentWord);
+      const prevWord = currentWordIdx > 0 ? words[currentWordIdx - 1] : null;
+
+      // 5. Find the word that appears after the currentWord
+      const nextWord = (currentWordIdx !== -1 && currentWordIdx < words.length - 1) 
+                      ? words[currentWordIdx + 1] 
+                      : null;
+
+      return {
+          prevWord: prevWord,
+          prevChar: prevChar,
+          currentWord: currentWord,
+          currentChar: currentChar,
+          nextWord: nextWord
+      };
+  }
+
+  const isUnaryContext = (prev) =>
+    !prev ||
+    prev.type === "Operator" ||
+    prev.type === "UnaryOperator" ||
+    (prev.type === "Parenthesis" && prev.value !== ")") ||
+    prev.type === "ArrayStart" ||
+    prev.type === "Semicolon" ||
+    prev.type === "Comma" ||
+    prev.type === "Ternary";
+
+  const flushCurrent = (nextChar, index) => {
+    if (!current) return;
+
+    // BOOLEAN
+    if (/^(true|false)$/i.test(current)) {
+      tokens.push({ type: "Boolean", value: current.toLowerCase() === "true" });
+      current = "";
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // KEYWORD
+    if (keywords.includes(current)) {
+      tokens.push({ type: "Keyword", value: current, pos: index });
+      current = "";
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // BIGINT
+    if (/^\d+n$/.test(current)) {
+      tokens.push({ type: "BigInt", value: BigInt(current.slice(0, -1)), pos: index });
+      current = "";
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // HEX
+    if (/^0x[0-9a-fA-F]+$/.test(current)) {
+      tokens.push({ type: "Number", value: parseInt(current, 16), pos: index });
+      current = "";
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // BINARY
+    if (/^0b[01]+$/.test(current)) {
+      tokens.push({ type: "Number", value: parseInt(current, 2), pos: index });
+      current = "";
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // NUMBER (including scientific)
+    if (/^[+-]?(\d+(\.\d+)?|\.\d+)(e[+-]?\d+)?$/i.test(current)) {
+      tokens.push({ type: "Number", value: parseFloat(current), pos: index });
+      current = "";
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // IMAGINARY NUMBER
+    if (/^[+-]?(\d+(\.\d+)?|\.\d+)(e[+-]?\d+)?i$/i.test(current)) {
+      tokens.push({
+        type: "ImaginaryLiteral",
+        value: parseFloat(current.slice(0, -1)),
+        pos: index
+      });
+      current = "";
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // IMAGINARY UNIT
+    if (/^[+-]?i$/i.test(current)) {
+      const sign = current[0] === "-" ? -1 : 1;
+      tokens.push({
+        type: "ImaginaryLiteral",
+        value: sign,
+        pos: index
+      });
+      current = "";
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // NUMBER + UNIT
+    const numUnit = current.match(/^([+-]?\d+(\.\d+)?)([a-zA-Z]+)$/);
+    if (numUnit) {
+      const value = parseFloat(numUnit[1]);
+      const unit = numUnit[3];
+
+      tokens.push({
+        type: units.includes(unit) ? "NumberWithUnit" : "UnknownUnit",
+        value,
+        unit,
+        pos: index
+      });
+
+      current = "";
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // UNIT
+    if (units.includes(current)) {
+      const {prevWord} = getContext(expr, index);
+      if (nextChar !== "(") {
+        if (prevWord){
+          if (!isNaN(parseFloat(prevWord)) || prevWord === "to" || prevWord === "in") {
+            // console.log("Context for unit detection:", {current, prevWord, nextChar});
+
+            tokens.push({ type: "Unit", value: current, pos: index });
+            current = "";
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // IDENTIFIER
+     if (isIdentifier(current)) {
+      if (nextChar === "(") {
+        tokens.push({
+          type: "Function",
+          name: current,
+          pos: index
+        });
+      } else {
+        tokens.push({
+          type: "Identifier",
+          name: current,
+          pos: index
+        });
+      }
+
+      current = "";
+      return;
+    }
+
+    throw new Error(`Invalid token "${current}" at index ${index}`);
+  };
+  
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < expr.length; i++) {
+    let char = expr[i];
+    let next = expr[i + 1];
+
+    // comments
+    if (char === "/" && next === "/") {
+      while (i < expr.length && expr[i] !== "\n") i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (char === "/" && next === "*") {
+      i += 2;
+      while (i < expr.length && !(expr[i] === "*" && expr[i + 1] === "/")) i++;
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // string
+    if (`"'`.includes(char)) {
+      if (!quote) {
+        quote = char;
+        current += char;
+      } else if (quote === char) {
+        current += char;
+        tokens.push({
+          type: "String",
+          value: current.slice(1, -1),
+          pos: i
+        });
+        current = "";
+        quote = "";
+      } else {
+        current += char;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (quote) {
+      if (char === "\\") {
+        current += char + expr[++i];
+      } else {
+        current += char;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // multi operators
+    const twoChar = char + next;
+    if (multiOps.includes(twoChar)) {
+      flushCurrent(char, i);
+      tokens.push({ type: "Operator", value: twoChar, pos: i });
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (char === "?") {
+      tokens.push({ type: "Ternary", value: "?" });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // only treat ':' as ternary IF previous token was '?'
+    if (char === ":") {
+      flushCurrent(char, i);
+      const prev = tokens[tokens.length - 1];
+
+      if (prev && prev.type === "Ternary") {
+        tokens.push({ type: "Ternary", value: ":" });
+      } else {
+        tokens.push({ type: "Colon" });
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // dot
+    if (char === "." && /\d/.test(current) && /\d/.test(next)) {
+      current += char;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (char === ".") {
+      flushCurrent(char, i);
+      tokens.push({ type: "Dot", pos: i });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // operators
+    if (operators.includes(char)) {
+      flushCurrent(char, i);
+
+      const prev = tokens[tokens.length - 1];
+      if ((char === "-" || char === "!") && isUnaryContext(prev)) {
+        tokens.push({ type: "UnaryOperator", value: char, pos: i });
+      } else {
+        tokens.push({ type: "Operator", value: char, pos: i });
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // parenthesis
+    if (parentheses.includes(char)) {
+      flushCurrent(char, i);
+      tokens.push({ type: "Parenthesis", value: char, pos: i });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // array
+    if (char === "[") {
+      flushCurrent(char, i);
+      tokens.push({ type: "ArrayStart", pos: i });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (char === "]") {
+      flushCurrent(char, i);
+      tokens.push({ type: "ArrayEnd", pos: i });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // OBJECT START
+    if (char === "{") {
+      flushCurrent(char, i);
+      tokens.push({ type: "BlockStart", pos: i });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // OBJECT END
+    if (char === "}") {
+      flushCurrent(char, i);
+      tokens.push({ type: "BlockEnd", pos: i });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // comma
+    if (char === comma) {
+      flushCurrent(char, i);
+      tokens.push({ type: "Comma", pos: i });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // semicolon
+    if (char === semicolon) {
+      flushCurrent(char, i);
+      tokens.push({ type: "Semicolon", pos: i });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // space
+    if (char === " ") {
+      flushCurrent(next, i);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // build token
+    current += char;
+
+    if (i === expr.length - 1) {
+      flushCurrent(null, i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (quote) throw new Error("Unclosed string literal");
+
+  // merge number + unit
+  const merged = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
+    const t = tokens[i];
+    const next = tokens[i + 1];
+
+    if (t?.type === "Number" && next?.type === "Unit") {
+      merged.push({
+        type: "NumberWithUnit",
+        value: t.value,
+        unit: next.value,
+        pos: t.pos
+      });
+      i++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    merged.push(t);
+  }
+
+  // implicit multiplication
+  const final = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < merged.length; i++) {
+    const a = merged[i];
+    const b = merged[i + 1];
+
+    final.push(a);
+
+    if (
+      a && b &&
+      (
+        (["Number", "Identifier"].includes(a.type) ||
+          (a.type === "Parenthesis" && a.value === ")") ||
+          a.type === "ArrayEnd") &&
+        (["Identifier", "Function"].includes(b.type) ||
+          (b.type === "Parenthesis" && b.value === "("))
+      )
+    ) {
+      final.push({ type: "Operator", value: "*", implicit: true });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return final;
 }
 
-function infixToPostfix(tokens, operator_precedence) {
-    let output = [];
-    let stack = [];
-
-    for (let i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
-
-        let token = tokens[i];
-
-        const isOperator =
-            token === '^' || token === '*' ||
-            token === '/' || token === '%' ||
-            token === '+' || token === '-';
-
-        const isLeftParen = token === "(";
-        const isRightParen = token === ")";
-
-        const isOperand = !isOperator && !isLeftParen && !isRightParen;
-
-        if (isOperand) {
-            output.push(token);
-        }
-
-        else if (isOperator) {
-
-            while (stack.length > 0) {
-
-                let top = stack[stack.length - 1];
-
-                if (top === "(") break;
-
-                let topPrec = operator_precedence[top] || 0;
-                let currPrec = operator_precedence[token];
-
-                // Right associativity for ^
-                if (
-                    (token === '^' && currPrec < topPrec) ||
-                    (token !== '^' && currPrec <= topPrec)
-                ) {
-                    output.push(stack.pop());
-                } else {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            stack.push(token);
-        }
-
-        else if (isLeftParen) {
-            stack.push(token);
-        }
-
-        else if (isRightParen) {
-
-            while (stack.length > 0 && stack[stack.length - 1] !== "(") {
-                output.push(stack.pop());
-            }
-
-            if (stack.length === 0) {
-                throw new Error("Mismatched parentheses: missing '('");
-            }
-
-            stack.pop();
-        }
-    }
-
-    while (stack.length > 0) {
-
-        let top = stack.pop();
-
-        if (top === "(" || top === ")") {
-            throw new Error("Mismatched parentheses");
-        }
-
-        output.push(top);
-    }
-
-    return output;
+const isDenseMatrixWrapper = (value) =>
+  value &&
+  typeof value === "object" &&
+  value.exprify === "DenseMatrix" &&
+  "data" in value &&
+  "size" in value;
+
+const cloneMatrixData = (value) => {
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return value.map(cloneMatrixData);
+  }
+
+  return value;
+};
+
+const getMatrixSize = (data) => {
+  if (Array.isArray(data) && data.every(Array.isArray)) {
+    return [data.length, data[0]?.length || 0];
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(data)) {
+    return [data.length];
+  }
+
+  throw new Error("Matrix data must be an array");
+};
+
+const wrapDenseMatrix = (data) => ({
+  exprify: "DenseMatrix",
+  data: cloneMatrixData(data),
+  size: getMatrixSize(data)
+});
+
+const unwrapDenseMatrix = (value) =>
+  isDenseMatrixWrapper(value) ? cloneMatrixData(value.data) : value;
+
+const serializeExprifyValue = (value) => {
+  if (isDenseMatrixWrapper(value)) {
+    return JSON.stringify(value);
+  }
+
+  if (Array.isArray(value) || (value && typeof value === "object")) {
+    return JSON.stringify(value, (_, current) => {
+      if (isDenseMatrixWrapper(current)) {
+        return current;
+      }
+
+      return current;
+    });
+  }
+
+  return value;
+};
+
+function evaluateAST(node, context = {}) {
+
+  const vars = context.variables;
+  const fns = context.functions;
+  const units = context.units;
+
+
+  const isUnitObj = (v) =>
+    v && typeof v === "object" && "value" in v && "unit" in v;
+
+  const isComplex = (v) =>
+    v && typeof v === "object" && "re" in v && "im" in v;
+
+  const isSliceNode = (v) =>
+    v && typeof v === "object" && v.type === "SliceExpression";
+
+  const isMatrix = (v) =>
+    Array.isArray(v) && v.length > 0 && v.every(Array.isArray);
+
+  const normalizeMatrix = (value) => {
+    value = unwrapDenseMatrix(value);
+    if (isMatrix(value)) return value.map((row) => [...row]);
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) return [value];
+    throw new Error("Expected matrix-compatible value");
+  };
+
+  const toOneBasedIndex = (value) => {
+    if (typeof value !== "number" || !Number.isInteger(value) || value < 1) {
+      throw new Error("Matrix indices must be positive integers");
+    }
+
+    return value - 1;
+  };
+
+  const resolveSelector = (selector, contextLength) => {
+    if (isSliceNode(selector)) {
+      const startValue = selector.start == null ? 1 : evaluateAST(selector.start, context);
+      const endValue = selector.end == null ? contextLength : evaluateAST(selector.end, context);
+      const start = toOneBasedIndex(startValue);
+      const end = toOneBasedIndex(endValue);
+
+      if (end < start) {
+        return [];
+      }
+
+      const result = [];
+      for (let index = start; index <= end; index++) {
+        result.push(index);
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    return [toOneBasedIndex(evaluateAST(selector, context))];
+  };
+
+  const indexMatrix = (matrix, selectors) => {
+    const target = normalizeMatrix(matrix);
+
+    if (selectors.length === 1) {
+      const rowIndexes = resolveSelector(selectors[0], target.length);
+      const rows = rowIndexes.map((rowIndex) => {
+        if (rowIndex >= target.length) {
+          throw new Error("Row index out of range");
+        }
+        return [...target[rowIndex]];
+      });
+
+      return rows.length === 1 ? rows[0] : rows;
+    }
+
+    const rowIndexes = resolveSelector(selectors[0], target.length);
+    const colIndexes = resolveSelector(selectors[1], target[0]?.length || 0);
+
+    const values = rowIndexes.map((rowIndex) => {
+      if (rowIndex >= target.length) {
+        throw new Error("Row index out of range");
+      }
+
+      return colIndexes.map((colIndex) => {
+        if (colIndex >= target[rowIndex].length) {
+          throw new Error("Column index out of range");
+        }
+        return target[rowIndex][colIndex];
+      });
+    });
+
+    if (rowIndexes.length === 1 && colIndexes.length === 1) {
+      return values[0][0];
+    }
+
+    if (rowIndexes.length === 1) {
+      return values[0];
+    }
+
+    if (colIndexes.length === 1) {
+      return values.map((row) => [row[0]]);
+    }
+
+    return values;
+  };
+
+  const assignMatrixIndex = (matrix, selectors, value) => {
+    const target = isMatrix(matrix)
+      ? matrix.map((row) => [...row])
+      : Array.isArray(matrix)
+        ? [matrix.slice()]
+        : [];
+
+    const rowSelector = selectors[0];
+    const colSelector = selectors[1];
+
+    if (!rowSelector) {
+      throw new Error("Matrix assignment requires at least one index");
+    }
+
+    const rowContextLength = Math.max(target.length, 1);
+    const rowIndexes = resolveSelector(rowSelector, rowContextLength);
+
+    if (selectors.length === 1) {
+      const rowsValue = isMatrix(value) ? value : normalizeMatrix(value);
+
+      if (rowsValue.length !== rowIndexes.length) {
+        throw new Error("Assigned row count does not match slice");
+      }
+
+      rowIndexes.forEach((rowIndex, index) => {
+        target[rowIndex] = [...rowsValue[index]];
+      });
+
+      return {
+        updatedMatrix: target,
+        selectionResult: rowIndexes.length === 1 ? [target[rowIndexes[0]]] : rowIndexes.map((rowIndex) => [target[rowIndex]])
+      };
+    }
+
+    const maxCols = Math.max(...target.map((row) => row.length), 0, 1);
+    const colIndexes = resolveSelector(colSelector, maxCols);
+    const normalizedValue = normalizeMatrix(value);
+
+    if (normalizedValue.length !== rowIndexes.length) {
+      throw new Error("Assigned row count does not match matrix slice");
+    }
+
+    normalizedValue.forEach((row, rowOffset) => {
+      if (row.length !== colIndexes.length) {
+        throw new Error("Assigned column count does not match matrix slice");
+      }
+    });
+
+    rowIndexes.forEach((rowIndex, rowOffset) => {
+      if (!target[rowIndex]) {
+        target[rowIndex] = [];
+      }
+
+      colIndexes.forEach((colIndex, colOffset) => {
+        target[rowIndex][colIndex] = normalizedValue[rowOffset][colOffset];
+      });
+    });
+
+    return {
+      updatedMatrix: target,
+      selectionResult: rowIndexes.length === 1
+        ? [colIndexes.map((colIndex) => target[rowIndexes[0]][colIndex])]
+        : rowIndexes.map((rowIndex) => colIndexes.map((colIndex) => target[rowIndex][colIndex]))
+    };
+  };
+
+  const multiplyMatrices = (left, right) => {
+    const a = normalizeMatrix(left);
+    const b = normalizeMatrix(right);
+
+    if (a[0].length !== b.length) {
+      throw new Error("Matrix dimensions do not allow multiplication");
+    }
+
+    return a.map((row) =>
+      b[0].map((_, colIndex) =>
+        row.reduce((sum, value, rowIndex) => sum + (value * b[rowIndex][colIndex]), 0)
+      )
+    );
+  };
+
+  const toComplex = (value) => {
+    if (isComplex(value)) return value;
+    if (typeof value === "number") return { re: value, im: 0 };
+    throw new Error("Complex arithmetic only supports numbers");
+  };
+
+  const fromImaginary = (value) => ({ re: 0, im: value });
+
+  const simplifyComplex = (value) =>
+    value.im === 0 ? value.re : value;
+
+  const createFunctionScope = (params, args) => {
+    const scopedValues = {};
+
+    params.forEach((param, index) => {
+      scopedValues[param] = args[index];
+    });
+
+    return scopedValues;
+  };
+
+  const evalComplexBinary = (operator, left, right) => {
+    const a = toComplex(left);
+    const b = toComplex(right);
+
+    switch (operator) {
+      case "+":
+        return simplifyComplex({ re: a.re + b.re, im: a.im + b.im });
+      case "-":
+        return simplifyComplex({ re: a.re - b.re, im: a.im - b.im });
+      case "*":
+        return simplifyComplex({
+          re: (a.re * b.re) - (a.im * b.im),
+          im: (a.re * b.im) + (a.im * b.re)
+        });
+      case "/": {
+        const denominator = (b.re ** 2) + (b.im ** 2);
+
+        if (denominator === 0) {
+          throw new Error("Division by zero");
+        }
+
+        return simplifyComplex({
+          re: ((a.re * b.re) + (a.im * b.im)) / denominator,
+          im: ((a.im * b.re) - (a.re * b.im)) / denominator
+        });
+      }
+      default:
+        throw new Error(`Operator ${operator} is not supported for complex numbers`);
+    }
+  };
+
+  /* ================= EVALUATOR ================= */
+
+  switch (node.type) {
+
+    /* ===== LITERAL ===== */
+    case "Literal":
+      return node.value;
+
+    case "ImaginaryLiteral":
+      return fromImaginary(node.value);
+
+    case "UnitLiteral":
+      return { value: node.value, unit: node.unit };
+
+    /* ===== VARIABLE ===== */
+    case "Identifier":
+      return vars.get(node.name);
+
+    /* ===== ASSIGNMENT ===== */
+    case "AssignmentExpression": {
+      const value = evaluateAST(node.right, context);
+
+      if (node.left.type === "Identifier") {
+        vars.set(node.left.name, value);
+        if (node.right.type === "ArrayExpression") {
+          return wrapDenseMatrix(unwrapDenseMatrix(value));
+        }
+        return value;
+      }
+
+      if (node.left.type === "IndexExpression" && node.left.object.type === "Identifier") {
+        const currentValue = vars.get(node.left.object.name);
+        const assigned = assignMatrixIndex(currentValue, node.left.selectors, value);
+        vars.set(node.left.object.name, assigned.updatedMatrix);
+        return assigned.selectionResult;
+      }
+
+      throw new Error("Invalid assignment target");
+    }
+
+    case "FunctionAssignmentExpression": {
+      if (node.operator !== "=") {
+        throw new Error(`Operator ${node.operator} is not supported for function definitions`);
+      }
+
+      const fn = (...args) => {
+        const scopedContext = context.withScope(createFunctionScope(node.params, args));
+        return evaluateAST(node.right, scopedContext);
+      };
+
+      fns.register(node.left.name, fn);
+      return fn;
+    }
+
+    /* ===== UNARY ===== */
+    case "UnaryExpression": {
+      const val = evaluateAST(node.argument, context);
+
+      switch (node.operator) {
+        case "-":
+          return isComplex(val)
+            ? simplifyComplex({ re: -val.re, im: -val.im })
+            : -val;
+        case "!": return !val;
+      }
+
+      throw new Error(`Unknown unary operator ${node.operator}`);
+    }
+
+    /* ===== BINARY ===== */
+    case "BinaryExpression": {
+      let left = evaluateAST(node.left, context);
+      let right = evaluateAST(node.right, context);
+
+      // UNIT handling
+      if (isUnitObj(left) || isUnitObj(right)) {
+
+        if (!units) throw new Error("Unit system not available");
+
+        return units.compute(node.operator, left, right);
+      }
+
+      if (node.operator === "*" && (Array.isArray(left) || Array.isArray(right))) {
+        return multiplyMatrices(left, right);
+      }
+
+      if (isComplex(left) || isComplex(right)) {
+        return evalComplexBinary(node.operator, left, right);
+      }
+
+      switch (node.operator) {
+        case "+": return left + right;
+        case "-": return left - right;
+        case "*": return left * right;
+        case "/": return left / right;
+        case "%": return left % right;
+        case "^": return left ** right;
+
+        case ">": return left > right;
+        case "<": return left < right;
+        case ">=": return left >= right;
+        case "<=": return left <= right;
+        case "==": return left === right;
+      }
+
+      throw new Error(`Unknown operator ${node.operator}`);
+    }
+
+    /* ===== LOGICAL ===== */
+    case "LogicalExpression": {
+      const left = evaluateAST(node.left, context);
+
+      if (node.operator === "&&") {
+        return left && evaluateAST(node.right, context);
+      }
+
+      if (node.operator === "||") {
+        return left || evaluateAST(node.right, context);
+      }
+
+      if (node.operator === "??") {
+        return left ?? evaluateAST(node.right, context);
+      }
+
+      throw new Error(`Unknown logical operator ${node.operator}`);
+    }
+
+    /* ===== FUNCTION CALL ===== */
+    case "CallExpression": {
+      const fnName = node.callee.name;
+      const fn = fns.get(fnName);
+
+      const args = node.arguments.map(arg =>
+        evaluateAST(arg, context)
+      );
+
+      return fn(...args);
+    }
+
+    /* ===== PIPELINE ===== */
+    case "PipelineExpression": {
+      const leftVal = evaluateAST(node.left, context);
+
+      // right must be function
+      if (node.right.type === "CallExpression") {
+        const fnName = node.right.callee.name;
+        const fn = fns.get(fnName);
+
+        const args = [
+          leftVal,
+          ...node.right.arguments.map(arg =>
+            evaluateAST(arg, context)
+          )
+        ];
+
+        return fn(...args);
+      }
+
+      if (node.right.type === "Identifier") {
+        const fn = fns.get(node.right.name);
+        return fn(leftVal);
+      }
+
+      throw new Error("Invalid pipeline target");
+    }
+
+    /* ===== UNIT CONVERSION ===== */
+    case "UnitConversion": {
+      const from = evaluateAST(node.from, context);
+
+      if (!isUnitObj(from)) {
+        throw new Error("Left side must be a unit value");
+      }
+
+      if (!units) {
+        throw new Error("Unit system not available");
+      }
+
+      return units.convert(from.value, from.unit, node.to);
+    }
+
+    /* ===== ARRAY ===== */
+    case "ArrayExpression":
+      return node.elements.map(el => evaluateAST(el, context));
+
+    case "IndexExpression": {
+      const target = evaluateAST(node.object, context);
+      return indexMatrix(target, node.selectors);
+    }
+
+    /* ===== OBJECT ===== */
+    case "ObjectExpression": {
+      const obj = {};
+      for (let p of node.properties) {
+        obj[p.key] = evaluateAST(p.value, context);
+      }
+      return obj;
+    }
+
+    /* ===== MEMBER ===== */
+    case "MemberExpression": {
+      const obj = evaluateAST(node.object, context);
+
+      if (node.optional && obj == null) return undefined;
+
+      return obj[node.property.name];
+    }
+
+    default:
+      throw new Error(`Unknown AST node type: ${node.type}`);
+  }
 }
 
-function evaluatePostfix(postfix, mathOperations) {
-
-    let stack = [];
-
-    const isOperator = (val) =>
-        val === '^' || val === '*' ||
-        val === '/' || val === '%' ||
-        val === '+' || val === '-';
-
-    for (let i = 0; i < postfix.length; i++) {
-
-        let token = postfix[i];
-
-        if (!isOperator(token)) {
-            stack.push(token);
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (stack.length < 2) {
-            throw new Error("Invalid expression: insufficient operands");
-        }
-
-        let b = stack.pop(); // second
-        let a = stack.pop(); // first
-
-        let result;
-
-        switch (token) {
-            case '^':
-                result = mathOperations.power(a, b);
-                break;
-            case '*':
-                result = mathOperations.multiply(a, b);
-                break;
-            case '/':
-                result = mathOperations.divide(a, b);
-                break;
-            case '%':
-                result = mathOperations.modulus(a, b);
-                break;
-            case '+':
-                result = mathOperations.add(a, b);
-                break;
-            case '-':
-                result = mathOperations.subtract(a, b);
-                break;
-        }
-
-        stack.push(result);
-    }
-
-    if (stack.length !== 1) {
-        throw new Error("Invalid expression: leftover values in stack");
-    }
-
-    return stack[0];
+function createContext({ variables, functions, units, evaluate}) {
+    if (!variables) throw new Error("Variable store missing");
+    if (!functions) throw new Error("Function registry missing");
+    if (!units) throw new Error("Units list missing");
+    if (!evaluate) throw new Error("evaluate function missing");
+
+    return {
+        variables: variables,
+        functions: functions,
+        units: units,
+        evaluate,
+        withScope(scope = {}) {
+            const tempVars = {
+                ...variables.all?.(),
+                ...scope
+            };
+            return createContext({
+                functions: functions,
+                evaluate,
+                units,
+                variables: {
+                    get: (k) => tempVars[k],
+                    set: (k, v) => (tempVars[k] = v),
+                    all: () => tempVars
+                }
+            });
+
+        }
+    };
 }
 
-const isValidNumberPair = (a, b) =>
-  (typeof a === typeof b) &&
-  (typeof a === 'number' || typeof a === 'bigint');
-
-const mathOperations = Object.freeze({
-
-  operator_precedence: {
-    '^': 4,
-    '*': 3,
-    '/': 3,
-    '%': 3,
-    '+': 1,
-    '-': 1,
-  },
-
-  power: function(a, b) {
-    if (isValidNumberPair(a, b)) return a ** b;
-    throw new Error("Invalid types for ^");
-  },
-
-  multiply: function(a, b) {
-    if (isValidNumberPair(a, b)) return a * b;
-    throw new Error("Invalid types for *");
-  },
-
-  divide: function(a, b) {
-    if (isValidNumberPair(a, b)) {
-      if (b === 0) throw new Error("Division by zero");
-      return a / b;
-    }
-    throw new Error("Invalid types for /");
-  },
-
-  add: function(a, b) {
-    if (isValidNumberPair(a, b)) return a + b;
-    if (typeof a === 'string' && typeof b === 'string') return a + b;
-    throw new Error("Invalid types for +");
-  },
-  subtract: function(a, b) {
-    if (isValidNumberPair(a, b)) return a - b;
-    throw new Error("Invalid types for -");
-  },
-
-  modulus: function(a, b) {
-    if (isValidNumberPair(a, b)) return a % b;
-    throw new Error("Invalid types for %");
-  }
-});
+const isValidNumberPair = (a, b) =>
+  (typeof a === typeof b) &&
+  (typeof a === 'number' || typeof a === 'bigint');
+
+const mathOperations = Object.freeze({
+  power: function(a, b) {
+    if (isValidNumberPair(a, b)) return a ** b;
+    throw new Error("Invalid types for ^");
+  },
+
+  multiply: function(a, b) {
+    if (isValidNumberPair(a, b)) return a * b;
+    throw new Error("Invalid types for *");
+  },
+
+  divide: function(a, b) {
+    if (isValidNumberPair(a, b)) {
+      if (b === 0) throw new Error("Division by zero");
+      return a / b;
+    }
+    throw new Error("Invalid types for /");
+  },
+
+  add: function(a, b) {
+    if (isValidNumberPair(a, b)) return a + b;
+    if (typeof a === 'string' && typeof b === 'string') return a + b;
+    throw new Error("Invalid types for +");
+  },
+  subtract: function(a, b) {
+    if (isValidNumberPair(a, b)) return a - b;
+    throw new Error("Invalid types for -");
+  },
 
-const and = (...args) => args.every(Boolean);
-const or = (...args) => args.some(Boolean);
-const not = (val) => !val;
-
-const gt = (a, b) => a > b;
-const lt = (a, b) => a < b;
-const eq = (a, b) => a === b;
-const gte = (a, b) => a >= b;
-const lte = (a, b) => a <= b;
-
-const internalFunctions = Object.freeze({
-
-  max: (...args) => {
-    if (!args.every(v => typeof v === 'number')) {
-      throw new Error("max() expects numbers only");
-    }
-    return Math.max(...args);
-  },
-
-  min: (...args) => {
-    if (!args.every(v => typeof v === 'number')) {
-      throw new Error("min() expects numbers only");
-    }
-    return Math.min(...args);
-  },
-
-  and,
-  "&&": and,
-
-  or,
-  "||": or,
-
-  not,
-  "!": not,
-
-  greaterThan: gt,
-  ">": gt,
-
-  lessThan: lt,
-  "<": lt,
-
-  isEqual: eq,
-  "==": eq,
-
-  greaterThanOrEqual: gte,
-  ">=": gte,
-
-  lessThanOrEqual: lte,
-  "<=": lte,
-
-  if: (cond, t, f = false) => cond ? t : f
-
+  modulus: function(a, b) {
+    if (isValidNumberPair(a, b)) return a % b;
+    throw new Error("Invalid types for %");
+  }
 });
 
-const externalFunctions = {};
-
-const variablesDB = {};
-
-function stringToJS(str, variablesDB) {
-    if (typeof str !== "string" || str.length === 0) {
-        throw new Error("Invalid input: expected a non-empty string.");
-    }
-
-    const firstChar = str[0];
-    const lastChar = str[str.length - 1];
-
-    // HEX (0x...)
-    if (/^0x[0-9a-fA-F]+n?$/.test(str)) {
-
-        // BigInt hex (0xFFn)
-        if (lastChar === 'n') {
-            return BigInt(str.slice(0, -1));
-        }
-
-        return Number(str);
-    }
-
-    if (/^[+-]?(\d+(\.\d+)?|\.\d+)(e[+-]?\d+)?n?$/i.test(str)) {
-
-        // BigInt
-        if (lastChar === 'n') {
-            const numPart = str.slice(0, -1);
-
-            if (numPart.includes('.') || /e/i.test(numPart)) {
-                throw new Error(`Invalid BigInt: ${str}`);
-            }
-
-            return BigInt(numPart);
-        }
-
-        return Number(str);
-    }
-
-    if (
-        (firstChar === '"' && lastChar === '"') ||
-        (firstChar === "'" && lastChar === "'") ||
-        (firstChar === '`' && lastChar === '`')
-    ) {
-        return str.slice(1, -1);
-    }
-
-    if (
-        firstChar === '"' ||
-        firstChar === "'" ||
-        firstChar === '`'
-    ) {
-        throw new Error(`Unmatched or missing quotes: ${str}`);
-    }
-
-    if (str === "true") return true;
-    if (str === "false") return false;
-
-    if (str in variablesDB) {
-        return variablesDB[str];
-    }
-
-    throw new Error(
-        `${str} is not defined. Use setVariable("${str}", value) first.`
-    );
+function createUnitsStore(initial = {}) {
+  let units = { ...initial};
+
+  // ---------- Helpers ----------
+
+  function getAllUnitsFlat() {
+    const result = new Set();
+
+    for (const type in units) {
+      for (const key in units[type]) {
+        const u = units[type][key];
+
+        const keyLower = key.toLowerCase();
+        result.add(keyLower);
+
+        // Unit name
+        if (u.unit) {
+          const unitLower = u.unit.toLowerCase();
+
+          // Avoid duplicate like "m" vs "meter"
+          if (unitLower !== keyLower) {
+            // Optional: only single-word units
+            if (unitLower.split(/\s+/).length === 1) {
+              result.add(unitLower);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Symbol
+        if (u.symbol) {
+          const symbolLower = u.symbol.toLowerCase();
+
+          // Avoid duplicate with unit name
+          if (!u.unit || symbolLower !== u.unit.toLowerCase()) {
+            result.add(symbolLower);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return Array.from(result);
+  }
+
+  function findUnit(input) {
+    input = input.toLowerCase();
+
+    for (const type in units) {
+      for (const key in units[type]) {
+        const u = units[type][key];
+
+        if (
+          key.toLowerCase() === input ||
+          u.unit?.toLowerCase() === input ||
+          u.symbol?.toLowerCase() === input
+        ) {
+          return { type, key , data: u};
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // ---------- Core Convert ----------
+
+  function convert(value, fromUnit, toUnit) {
+      const from = findUnit(fromUnit);
+      const to = findUnit(toUnit);
+
+      if (!from) throw new Error(`Unknown unit: ${fromUnit}`);
+      if (!to) throw new Error(`Unknown unit: ${toUnit}`);
+
+      if (from.type !== to.type) {
+        throw new Error(`Cannot convert ${fromUnit} to ${toUnit} (${to.data.unit || to.key}). ${from.data.unit || from.key} conversion units like ${Object.keys(units[from.type]).join(", ")}`);
+      }
+
+      const result = value * (from.data.value / to.data.value);
+
+      return { value: result, unit: to.key };
+    }
+
+  // ---------- Public API ----------
+
+  return {
+    // Get all units
+    getUnits: () => units,
+
+    // Replace all units
+    setUnits: (newUnits) => {
+      units = { ...newUnits };
+    },
+
+    // Update single type
+    updateType: (type, data) => {
+      units[type] = { ...units[type], ...data };
+    },
+
+    // Add new unit
+    addUnit: (type, key, unitObj) => {
+      if (!units[type]) units[type] = {};
+      units[type][key] = unitObj;
+    },
+    compute(op, left, right) {
+
+      const isUnit = (v) =>
+        v && typeof v === "object" && "value" in v && "unit" in v;
+
+      const apply = (a, b) => {
+        switch (op) {
+          case "+": return a + b;
+          case "-": return a - b;
+          case "*": return a * b;
+          case "/": return a / b;
+          case "%": return a % b;
+          case "^": return Math.pow(a, b);
+        }
+      };
+
+      // BOTH UNIT
+      if (isUnit(left) && isUnit(right)) {
+
+        const from = this.findUnit(right.unit);
+        const to = this.findUnit(left.unit);
+
+        if (from.type !== to.type) {
+          throw new Error(`Cannot operate on different unit types`);
+        }
+
+        // convert right → left unit
+        const r = right.value * (from.data.value / to.data.value);
+
+        const result = apply(left.value, r);
+
+        // multiplication/division produce compound units
+        if (op === "*") {
+          return { value: result, unit: left.unit };
+        }
+
+        if (op === "/") {
+          return { value: result, unit: left.unit };
+        }
+
+        if (op === "^") {
+          return { value: result, unit: left.unit };
+        }
+
+        return { value: result, unit: left.unit };
+      }
+
+      // ================= LEFT UNIT =================
+      if (isUnit(left) && !isUnit(right)) {
+        const result = apply(left.value, right);
+
+        return { value: result, unit: left.unit };
+      }
+
+      // ================= RIGHT UNIT =================
+      if (!isUnit(left) && isUnit(right)) {
+        const result = apply(left, right.value);
+
+        if (op === "/") {
+          return { value: result, unit: right.unit };
+        }
+
+        return { value: result, unit: right.unit };
+      }
+
+      // ================= NORMAL =================
+      return apply(left, right);
+    },
+    // Convert
+    convert,
+
+    // Search helpers
+    getAllUnitsFlat,
+    findUnit
+  };
+}
+
+const globalUnits = {
+  // Length
+  length: {
+    m: { value: 1, unit: 'meter', symbol: 'm' },
+    cm: { value: 0.01, unit: 'centimeter', symbol: 'cm' },
+    mm: { value: 0.001, unit: 'millimeter', symbol: 'mm' },
+    km: { value: 1000, unit: 'kilometer', symbol: 'km' },
+    um: { value: 0.000001, unit: 'micrometer', symbol: 'um', note: 'also called micron' },
+    nm: { value: 0.000000001, unit: 'nanometer', symbol: 'nm' },
+    px: { value: 0.000264583, unit: 'pixel', symbol: 'px', note: '96dpi standard' },
+    em: { value: 0.000264583 * 16, unit: 'em', symbol: 'em', note: '1em = 16px by default' },
+    rem: { value: 0.000264583 * 16, unit: 'rem', symbol: 'rem', note: 'root em = 16px by default' },
+    pt: { value: 0.000352778, unit: 'point', symbol: 'pt', note: '1pt = 1/72 inch' },
+    pc: { value: 0.00423333, unit: 'pica', symbol: 'pc', note: '1pc = 12pt' },
+    inch: { value: 0.0254, unit: 'inch', symbol: 'in' },
+    ft: { value: 0.3048, unit: 'foot', symbol: 'ft' },
+    yd: { value: 0.9144, unit: 'yard', symbol: 'yd' },
+    mi: { value: 1609.344, unit: 'mile', symbol: 'mi' },
+    thou: { value: 0.0000254, unit: 'mil', symbol: 'thou', note: 'thousandth of an inch' },
+    furlong: { value: 201.168, unit: 'furlong', symbol: 'fur', note: '220 yards' },
+    nmi: { value: 1852, unit: 'nautical mile', symbol: 'nmi' },
+    fathom: { value: 1.8288, unit: 'fathom', symbol: 'fathom' },
+    au: { value: 1.496e11, unit: 'astronomical unit', symbol: 'AU' },
+    ly: { value: 9.4607e15, unit: 'light year', symbol: 'ly' },
+    pc: { value: 3.0857e16, unit: 'parsec', symbol: 'pc' }
+  },
+
+  // Weight / Mass
+  weight: {
+    mg: { value: 1e-6, unit: 'milligram', symbol: 'mg' },
+    g: { value: 0.001, unit: 'gram', symbol: 'g' },
+    kg: { value: 1, unit: 'kilogram', symbol: 'kg' },
+    t: { value: 1000, unit: 'tonne', symbol: 't', note: 'metric ton' },
+    lb: { value: 0.453592, unit: 'pound', symbol: 'lb' },
+    oz: { value: 0.0283495, unit: 'ounce', symbol: 'oz' },
+    stone: { value: 6.35029, unit: 'stone', symbol: 'st', note: '1 stone = 14 lb' }
+  },
+
+  // Time
+  time: {
+    s: { value: 1, unit: 'second', symbol: 's' },
+    min: { value: 60, unit: 'minute', symbol: 'min' },
+    h: { value: 3600, unit: 'hour', symbol: 'h' },
+    day: { value: 86400, unit: 'day', symbol: 'd' },
+    week: { value: 604800, unit: 'week', symbol: 'wk' },
+    month: { value: 2629800, unit: 'month', symbol: 'mo', note: 'average month = 30.44 days' },
+    year: { value: 31557600, unit: 'year', symbol: 'yr', note: 'average year = 365.25 days' }
+  },
+
+  // Voltage
+  voltage: {
+    V:      { value: 1, unit: 'volt', symbol: 'V' },
+    mV: { value: 0.001, unit: 'millivolt', symbol: 'mV' },
+    kV: { value: 1000, unit: 'kilovolt', symbol: 'kV' },
+    MV: { value: 1e6, unit: 'megavolt', symbol: 'MV' },
+    GV: { value: 1e9, unit: 'gigavolt', symbol: 'GV' },
+    statV: { value: 299.792458, unit: 'statvolt', symbol: 'statV', note: 'CGS unit' },
+    abV: { value: 1e-8, unit: 'abvolt', symbol: 'abV', note: 'CGS electromagnetic unit' }
+  },
+
+  // Frequency
+  frequency: {
+    Hz: { value: 1, unit: 'hertz', symbol: 'Hz', note: '1 cycle per second' },
+    kHz: { value: 1e3, unit: 'kilohertz', symbol: 'kHz' },
+    MHz: { value: 1e6, unit: 'megahertz', symbol: 'MHz' },
+    GHz: { value: 1e9, unit: 'gigahertz', symbol: 'GHz' },
+    THz: { value: 1e12, unit: 'terahertz', symbol: 'THz' }
+  },
+
+  // Power
+  power: {
+    W: { value: 1, unit: 'watt', symbol: 'W', note: '1 joule per second' },
+    mW: { value: 0.001, unit: 'milliwatt', symbol: 'mW' },
+    kW: { value: 1000, unit: 'kilowatt', symbol: 'kW' },
+    MW: { value: 1e6, unit: 'megawatt', symbol: 'MW' },
+    GW: { value: 1e9, unit: 'gigawatt', symbol: 'GW' },
+    HP: { value: 745.7, unit: 'horsepower', symbol: 'HP', note: 'mechanical HP = 745.7 W' },
+    kcal_per_h: { value: 1.163, unit: 'kilocalorie per hour', symbol: 'kcal/h', note: '= 1.163 W' },
+    BTU_per_h: { value: 0.29307107, unit: 'BTU per hour', symbol: 'BTU/h', note: '= 0.293 W' }
+  },
+
+  // Sound
+  sound: {
+    dB: { value: 1, unit: 'decibel', symbol: 'dB', note: 'logarithmic unit of sound intensity' },
+    dBA: { value: 1, unit: 'A-weighted decibel', symbol: 'dBA', note: 'Adjusted for human hearing' },
+    dBC: { value: 1, unit: 'C-weighted decibel', symbol: 'dBC', note: 'Flat weighting for high-level sounds' }
+  },
+
+  // Temperature
+  temperature: {
+    K: { value: 1, unit: 'kelvin', symbol: 'K' },
+    C: { value: 1, unit: 'Celsius', symbol: '°C', note: '°C → K: add 273.15' },
+    F: { value: 1, unit: 'Fahrenheit', symbol: '°F', note: '°F → K: (°F - 32) * 5/9 + 273.15' }
+  },
+
+  // Pressure
+  pressure: {
+    Pa: { value: 1, unit: 'pascal', symbol: 'Pa' },
+    kPa: { value: 1000, unit: 'kilopascal', symbol: 'kPa' },
+    MPa: { value: 1e6, unit: 'megapascal', symbol: 'MPa' },
+    bar: { value: 1e5, unit: 'bar', symbol: 'bar' },
+    atm: { value: 101325, unit: 'atmosphere', symbol: 'atm' },
+    psi: { value: 6894.757, unit: 'pound per square inch', symbol: 'psi' },
+    mmHg:{ value: 133.322, unit: 'millimeter of mercury', symbol: 'mmHg' }
+  },
+
+  // Energy
+  energy: {
+    J: { value: 1, unit: 'joule', symbol: 'J' },
+    kJ: { value: 1000, unit: 'kilojoule', symbol: 'kJ' },
+    cal: { value: 4.184, unit: 'calorie', symbol: 'cal' },
+    kcal:{ value: 4184, unit: 'kilocalorie', symbol: 'kcal' },
+    eV: { value: 1.60218e-19, unit: 'electronvolt', symbol: 'eV' },
+    BTU: { value: 1055.06, unit: 'BTU', symbol: 'BTU' }
+  },
+
+  // Force
+  force: {
+    N: { value: 1, unit: 'newton', symbol: 'N' },
+    kN: { value: 1000, unit: 'kilonewton', symbol: 'kN' },
+    lbf: { value: 4.44822, unit: 'pound-force', symbol: 'lbf' },
+    kgf: { value: 9.80665, unit: 'kilogram-force', symbol: 'kgf' },
+    dyne:{ value: 1e-5, unit: 'dyne', symbol: 'dyn' }
+  },
+
+  // Area
+  area: {
+    m2: { value: 1, unit: 'square meter', symbol: 'm²' },
+    cm2: { value: 0.0001, unit: 'square centimeter', symbol: 'cm²' },
+    km2: { value: 1e6, unit: 'square kilometer', symbol: 'km²' },
+    acre: { value: 4046.856, unit: 'acre', symbol: 'acre' },
+    hectare:{ value: 10000, unit: 'hectare', symbol: 'ha' },
+    ft2: { value: 0.092903, unit: 'square foot', symbol: 'ft²' },
+    yd2: { value: 0.836127, unit: 'square yard', symbol: 'yd²' }
+  },
+
+  // Volume
+  volume: {
+    m3: { value: 1, unit: 'cubic meter', symbol: 'm³' },
+    L: { value: 0.001, unit: 'liter', symbol: 'L' },
+    mL: { value: 1e-6, unit: 'milliliter', symbol: 'mL' },
+    gallon:{ value: 0.00378541, unit: 'US gallon', symbol: 'gal' },
+    pint: { value: 0.000473176, unit: 'US pint', symbol: 'pt' },
+    floz: { value: 2.9574e-5, unit: 'US fluid ounce', symbol: 'fl oz' }
+  },
+
+  // Electrical Current
+  current: {
+    A: { value: 1, unit: 'ampere', symbol: 'A' },
+    mA: { value: 0.001, unit: 'milliampere', symbol: 'mA' },
+    uA: { value: 0.000001, unit: 'microampere', symbol: 'uA' },
+    kA: { value: 1000, unit: 'kiloampere', symbol: 'kA' }
+  },
+
+  // Resistance / Conductance
+  resistance: {
+    ohm: { value: 1, unit: 'ohm' },
+    kohm: { value: 1000, unit: 'kiloohm'},
+    megaohm: { value: 1e6, unit: 'megaohm'},
+    S: { value: 1, unit: 'siemens', symbol: 'S', note: 'conductance' }
+  },
+
+  // Capacitance / Inductance
+  capacitance: {
+    F: { value: 1, unit: 'farad', symbol: 'F' },
+    mF: { value: 0.001, unit: 'millifarad'},
+    uF: { value: 0.000001, unit: 'microfarad' }
+  },
+  inductance: {
+    H: { value: 1, unit: 'henry', symbol: 'H' },
+    mH: { value: 0.001, unit: 'millihenry', symbol: 'mH' },
+    uH: { value: 0.000001, unit: 'microhenry', symbol: 'uH' }
+  },
+
+  // Luminous Intensity / Illuminance
+  light: {
+    cd: { value: 1, unit: 'candela', symbol: 'cd' },
+    lm: { value: 1, unit: 'lumen', symbol: 'lm' },
+    lx: { value: 1, unit: 'lux', symbol: 'lx' }
+  },
+
+  // Data / Digital Storage
+  data: {
+    bit: { value: 1, unit: 'bit', symbol: 'bit' },
+    B: { value: 8, unit: 'byte', symbol: 'B' },
+    KB: { value: 8e3, unit: 'kilobyte', symbol: 'KB' },
+    MB: { value: 8e6, unit: 'megabyte', symbol: 'MB' },
+    GB: { value: 8e9, unit: 'gigabyte', symbol: 'GB' },
+    TB: { value: 8e12, unit: 'terabyte', symbol: 'TB' }
+  },
+
+  // Angle
+  angle: {
+    deg: { value: 1, unit: 'degree', symbol: '°' },
+    rad: { value: 57.2958, unit: 'radian', symbol: 'rad', note: '1 rad = 57.2958°' },
+    grad:{ value: 0.9, unit: 'grad', symbol: 'grad', note: '1 grad = 0.9°' }
+  },
+  radiation: {
+    // Absorbed Dose
+    Gy: { value: 1, unit: 'gray', symbol: 'Gy', note: 'Absorbed dose: 1 Gy = 1 J/kg' },
+    mGy: { value: 0.001, unit: 'milligray', symbol: 'mGy' },
+    rad: { value: 0.01, unit: 'rad', symbol: 'rad', note: '1 rad = 0.01 Gy' },
+
+    // Dose Equivalent
+    Sv: { value: 1, unit: 'sievert', symbol: 'Sv', note: 'Biological effect dose equivalent' },
+    mSv: { value: 0.001, unit: 'millisievert', symbol: 'mSv' },
+    rem: { value: 0.01, unit: 'rem', symbol: 'rem', note: '1 rem = 0.01 Sv' },
+
+    // Radioactivity
+    Bq: { value: 1, unit: 'becquerel', symbol: 'Bq', note: '1 decay per second' },
+    kBq: { value: 1e3, unit: 'kilobecquerel', symbol: 'kBq' },
+    MBq: { value: 1e6, unit: 'megabecquerel', symbol: 'MBq' },
+    GBq: { value: 1e9, unit: 'gigabecquerel', symbol: 'GBq' },
+    Ci: { value: 3.7e10, unit: 'curie', symbol: 'Ci', note: '1 Ci = 3.7 x 10¹⁰ decays per second' },
+    mCi: { value: 3.7e7, unit: 'millicurie', symbol: 'mCi' }
+  }
+};
+
+const validVarName = /^[a-zA-Z_$][a-zA-Z0-9_$]*$/;
+
+function createVarStore(initial = {}) {
+  let store = Object.create(null);
+  
+
+  for (const key in initial) {
+    store[key] = initial[key];
+  }
+
+  return {
+    set(name, value, { override = true } = {}) {
+
+      // Name validation
+      if (typeof name !== "string" || !name) {
+        throw new Error("Variable name must be a non-empty string");
+      }
+
+      if (!validVarName.test(name)) {
+        throw new Error(`Variable Name Error: '${name}' is not a valid variable name`);
+      }
+
+      // Value validation
+      if (value === undefined) {
+        throw new Error(`Variable Value Error: '${name}' cannot be undefined`);
+      }
+
+      // Prevent overwrite (optional)
+      if (!override && name in variablesDB) {
+        throw new Error(`Variable '${name}' already exists`);
+      }
+
+      store[name] = value;
+    },
+
+    //get variable
+    get(name) {
+      return store[name];
+    },
+
+    // check existence
+    has(name) {
+      return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(store, name);
+    },
+
+    // remove variable
+    remove(name) {
+      delete store[name];
+    },
+
+    // get all variables (snapshot)
+    all() {
+      return { ...store };
+    },
+
+    // clear all
+    clear() {
+      store = Object.create(null);
+    },
+
+    // merge multiple variables
+    merge(obj = {}) {
+      for (const key in obj) {
+        store[key] = obj[key];
+      }
+    },
+
+    // clone store (for scoped instances) 
+    clone() {
+      return createVarStore(store);
+    }
+  };
 }
 
-class ViewPoint {
-
-    constructor() {
-        // Shared state
-        this.variablesDB = variablesDB;
-        this.func_DB_intrnl = internalFunctions;
-        this.func_DB_extrnl = externalFunctions;
-
-        this.operator_precedence = mathOperations.operator_precedence;
-    }
-
-    setVariable(name, value) {
-        this.variablesDB[name] = value;
-    }
-
-    addFunction(name, fn) {
-        this.func_DB_extrnl[name] = fn;
-    }
-
-    stringToJS(str) {
-        return stringToJS.call(this, str, this.variablesDB);
-    }
-
-    evaluate(expr) {
-
-        if (typeof expr !== "string") {
-            throw new Error("Expression must be a string");
-        }
-
-        const context = {
-            variablesDB: this.variablesDB,
-            func_DB_intrnl: this.func_DB_intrnl,
-            func_DB_extrnl: this.func_DB_extrnl,
-            stringToJS: this.stringToJS.bind(this),
-            evaluate: this.evaluate.bind(this)
-        };
-
-        // Step 1: Tokenize
-        const tokens = tokenize(expr, context);
-
-        // Step 2: Infix → Postfix
-        const postfix = infixToPostfix(
-            tokens,
-            this.operator_precedence
-        );
-
-        // Step 3: Evaluate Postfix
-        const result = evaluatePostfix(
-            postfix,
-            mathOperations
-        );
-
-        return result;
-    }
+function createFunctionRegistry(initial = {}) {
+  const store = Object.create(null);
+
+  for (const key in initial) {
+    if (typeof initial[key] === "function") {
+      store[key] = initial[key];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    getAllFunctionsName() {
+      return Object.keys(store);
+    },
+    // register new formula
+    register(name, fn) {
+      if (typeof name !== "string" || !name) {
+        throw new Error("Formula name must be a non-empty string");
+      }
+
+      if (typeof fn !== "function") {
+        throw new Error(`Formula "${name}" must be callable`);
+      }
+
+      store[name] = fn;
+    },
+
+    // get formula
+    get(name) {
+      return store[name];
+    },
+
+    // check existence
+    has(name) {
+      return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(store, name);
+    },
+
+    // remove formula
+    remove(name) {
+      delete store[name];
+    },
+
+    // list all
+    all() {
+      return { ...store };
+    },
+
+    // clear registry
+    clear() {
+      for (const key in store) {
+        delete store[key];
+      }
+    },
+
+    // extend multiple
+    extend(formulas = {}) {
+      for (const name in formulas) {
+        if (typeof formulas[name] === "function") {
+          store[name] = formulas[name];
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    // clone (for scoped instances)
+    clone() {
+      return createFormulaRegistry(store);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function validateSquareMatrix(matrix) {
+  matrix = unwrapDenseMatrix(matrix);
+  if (!Array.isArray(matrix) || matrix.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error("det() expects a non-empty matrix");
+  }
+
+  if (!matrix.every(Array.isArray)) {
+    throw new Error("det() expects a 2D matrix");
+  }
+
+  const size = matrix.length;
+  if (!matrix.every((row) => row.length === size)) {
+    throw new Error("det() expects a square matrix");
+  }
+
+  for (const row of matrix) {
+    for (const value of row) {
+      if (typeof value !== "number" && typeof value !== "bigint") {
+        throw new Error("det() matrix values must be numeric");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function determinant(matrix) {
+  matrix = unwrapDenseMatrix(matrix);
+  validateSquareMatrix(matrix);
+
+  if (matrix.length === 1) {
+    return matrix[0][0];
+  }
+
+  if (matrix.length === 2) {
+    return (matrix[0][0] * matrix[1][1]) - (matrix[0][1] * matrix[1][0]);
+  }
+
+  return matrix[0].reduce((sum, value, columnIndex) => {
+    const minor = matrix.slice(1).map((row) =>
+      row.filter((_, index) => index !== columnIndex)
+    );
+    const cofactor = columnIndex % 2 === 0 ? value : -value;
+    return sum + (cofactor * determinant(minor));
+  }, 0);
+}
+
+function asMatrixData(value) {
+  const data = unwrapDenseMatrix(value);
+  if (!Array.isArray(data)) {
+    throw new Error("Expected matrix data");
+  }
+  return data;
+}
+
+function solveLinearSystem(coefficients, constants) {
+  const n = coefficients.length;
+  const augmented = coefficients.map((row, rowIndex) => [...row, constants[rowIndex]]);
+
+  for (let pivot = 0; pivot < n; pivot++) {
+    let maxRow = pivot;
+    let maxValue = Math.abs(augmented[pivot][pivot]);
+
+    for (let row = pivot + 1; row < n; row++) {
+      const current = Math.abs(augmented[row][pivot]);
+      if (current > maxValue) {
+        maxValue = current;
+        maxRow = row;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (maxValue === 0) {
+      throw new Error("Linear system is singular");
+    }
+
+    if (maxRow !== pivot) {
+      [augmented[pivot], augmented[maxRow]] = [augmented[maxRow], augmented[pivot]];
+    }
+
+    const pivotValue = augmented[pivot][pivot];
+    for (let col = pivot; col <= n; col++) {
+      augmented[pivot][col] /= pivotValue;
+    }
+
+    for (let row = 0; row < n; row++) {
+      if (row === pivot) continue;
+      const factor = augmented[row][pivot];
+      for (let col = pivot; col <= n; col++) {
+        augmented[row][col] -= factor * augmented[pivot][col];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return augmented.map((row) => row[n]);
+}
+
+function lupDecomposition(input) {
+  const matrix = asMatrixData(input).map((row) => [...row]);
+  validateSquareMatrix(matrix);
+
+  const n = matrix.length;
+  const permutation = Array.from({ length: n }, (_, index) => index);
+
+  for (let pivot = 0; pivot < n; pivot++) {
+    let maxRow = pivot;
+    let maxValue = Math.abs(matrix[pivot][pivot]);
+
+    for (let row = pivot + 1; row < n; row++) {
+      const current = Math.abs(matrix[row][pivot]);
+      if (current > maxValue) {
+        maxValue = current;
+        maxRow = row;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (maxValue === 0) {
+      throw new Error("Matrix is singular");
+    }
+
+    if (maxRow !== pivot) {
+      [matrix[pivot], matrix[maxRow]] = [matrix[maxRow], matrix[pivot]];
+      [permutation[pivot], permutation[maxRow]] = [permutation[maxRow], permutation[pivot]];
+    }
+
+    for (let row = pivot + 1; row < n; row++) {
+      matrix[row][pivot] /= matrix[pivot][pivot];
+      for (let col = pivot + 1; col < n; col++) {
+        matrix[row][col] -= matrix[row][pivot] * matrix[pivot][col];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const L = matrix.map((row, rowIndex) =>
+    row.map((value, colIndex) => {
+      if (rowIndex === colIndex) return 1;
+      if (rowIndex > colIndex) return value;
+      return 0;
+    })
+  );
+
+  const U = matrix.map((row, rowIndex) =>
+    row.map((value, colIndex) => (rowIndex <= colIndex ? value : 0))
+  );
+
+  return {
+    L: wrapDenseMatrix(L),
+    U: wrapDenseMatrix(U),
+    p: permutation
+  };
+}
+
+function linearSolve(aInput, bInput) {
+  const { L, U, p } = lupDecomposition(aInput);
+  const a = asMatrixData(aInput);
+  const bData = asMatrixData(bInput);
+  const bVector = Array.isArray(bData[0]) ? bData.map((row) => row[0]) : bData;
+
+  if (a.length !== bVector.length) {
+    throw new Error("Right-hand side dimension mismatch");
+  }
+
+  const permutedB = p.map((index) => bVector[index]);
+  const y = new Array(a.length).fill(0);
+
+  for (let row = 0; row < a.length; row++) {
+    y[row] = permutedB[row];
+    for (let col = 0; col < row; col++) {
+      y[row] -= L.data[row][col] * y[col];
+    }
+  }
+
+  const x = new Array(a.length).fill(0);
+  for (let row = a.length - 1; row >= 0; row--) {
+    x[row] = y[row];
+    for (let col = row + 1; col < a.length; col++) {
+      x[row] -= U.data[row][col] * x[col];
+    }
+    x[row] /= U.data[row][row];
+  }
+
+  return wrapDenseMatrix(x.map((value) => [value]));
+}
+
+function solveLyapunov(aInput, qInput) {
+  const A = asMatrixData(aInput).map((row) => [...row]);
+  const Q = asMatrixData(qInput).map((row) => [...row]);
+  validateSquareMatrix(A);
+  validateSquareMatrix(Q);
+
+  const n = A.length;
+  if (Q.length !== n) {
+    throw new Error("A and Q must have the same dimensions");
+  }
+
+  const coefficients = [];
+  const constants = [];
+
+  for (let row = 0; row < n; row++) {
+    for (let col = 0; col < n; col++) {
+      const equation = new Array(n * n).fill(0);
+
+      for (let k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+        equation[k * n + col] += A[row][k];
+        equation[row * n + k] += A[col][k];
+      }
+
+      coefficients.push(equation);
+      constants.push(-Q[row][col]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const solution = solveLinearSystem(coefficients, constants);
+  const X = [];
+
+  for (let row = 0; row < n; row++) {
+    X.push(solution.slice(row * n, (row + 1) * n));
+  }
+
+  return wrapDenseMatrix(X);
+}
+
+function evaluatePolynomial(coefficients, x) {
+  return coefficients.reduce((sum, coefficient, index) => sum + (coefficient * (x ** index)), 0);
+}
+
+function syntheticDivide(coefficients, root) {
+  const descending = [...coefficients].reverse();
+  const quotient = [descending[0]];
+
+  for (let index = 1; index < descending.length - 1; index++) {
+    quotient.push(descending[index] + (quotient[index - 1] * root));
+  }
+
+  const remainder = descending[descending.length - 1] + (quotient[quotient.length - 1] * root);
+  return {
+    quotient: quotient.reverse(),
+    remainder
+  };
+}
+
+function solveQuadratic(coefficients) {
+  const [c, b, a] = coefficients;
+  const discriminant = (b ** 2) - (4 * a * c);
+  if (discriminant < 0) {
+    throw new Error("Only real roots are supported");
+  }
+
+  const sqrtDisc = Math.sqrt(discriminant);
+  return [
+    (-b + sqrtDisc) / (2 * a),
+    (-b - sqrtDisc) / (2 * a)
+  ];
+}
+
+function polynomialRoots(...coefficients) {
+  while (coefficients.length > 1 && coefficients[coefficients.length - 1] === 0) {
+    coefficients.pop();
+  }
+
+  const degree = coefficients.length - 1;
+  if (degree < 1) {
+    throw new Error("polynomialRoot() expects at least a linear polynomial");
+  }
+
+  if (degree === 1) {
+    const [b, a] = coefficients;
+    return [-b / a];
+  }
+
+  if (degree === 2) {
+    return solveQuadratic(coefficients);
+  }
+
+  if (degree === 3) {
+    const constant = coefficients[0];
+    coefficients[3];
+    const candidates = [];
+    const limit = Math.abs(constant);
+
+    for (let divisor = 1; divisor <= Math.max(1, limit); divisor++) {
+      if (limit % divisor === 0) {
+        candidates.push(divisor, -divisor);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const candidate of candidates) {
+      if (evaluatePolynomial(coefficients, candidate) === 0) {
+        const reduced = syntheticDivide(coefficients, candidate);
+        const remainingRoots = solveQuadratic(reduced.quotient);
+        return [candidate, ...remainingRoots];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  throw new Error("polynomialRoot() currently supports degree up to 3");
+}
+
+function dotProduct(a, b) {
+  return a.reduce((sum, value, index) => sum + (value * b[index]), 0);
+}
+
+function vectorNorm(vector) {
+  return Math.sqrt(dotProduct(vector, vector));
+}
+
+function scaleVector(vector, scalar) {
+  return vector.map((value) => value * scalar);
+}
+
+function subtractVectors(a, b) {
+  return a.map((value, index) => value - b[index]);
+}
+
+function transpose(matrix) {
+  return matrix[0].map((_, colIndex) => matrix.map((row) => row[colIndex]));
+}
+
+function qrDecomposition(input) {
+  const A = asMatrixData(input).map((row) => [...row]);
+  if (!A.length || !A.every((row) => row.length === A[0].length)) {
+    throw new Error("qr() expects a rectangular matrix");
+  }
+
+  const rowCount = A.length;
+  const colCount = A[0].length;
+  const columns = transpose(A);
+  const qColumns = [];
+
+  for (let col = 0; col < colCount; col++) {
+    let vector = [...columns[col]];
+
+    for (let existing = 0; existing < qColumns.length; existing++) {
+      const projection = dotProduct(qColumns[existing], columns[col]);
+      vector = subtractVectors(vector, scaleVector(qColumns[existing], projection));
+    }
+
+    const norm = vectorNorm(vector);
+    if (norm === 0) {
+      throw new Error("qr() requires linearly independent columns");
+    }
+
+    qColumns.push(scaleVector(vector, 1 / norm));
+  }
+
+  for (let basisIndex = 0; qColumns.length < rowCount && basisIndex < rowCount; basisIndex++) {
+    let candidate = Array.from({ length: rowCount }, (_, index) => (index === basisIndex ? 1 : 0));
+
+    for (const column of qColumns) {
+      const projection = dotProduct(column, candidate);
+      candidate = subtractVectors(candidate, scaleVector(column, projection));
+    }
+
+    const norm = vectorNorm(candidate);
+    if (norm > 1e-10) {
+      qColumns.push(scaleVector(candidate, 1 / norm));
+    }
+  }
+
+  const Q = Array.from({ length: rowCount }, (_, rowIndex) =>
+    qColumns.map((column) => column[rowIndex])
+  );
+
+  const fullR = Array.from({ length: rowCount }, () => Array(colCount).fill(0));
+  for (let row = 0; row < rowCount; row++) {
+    for (let col = 0; col < colCount; col++) {
+      fullR[row][col] = dotProduct(qColumns[row], columns[col]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    Q: wrapDenseMatrix(Q),
+    R: wrapDenseMatrix(fullR)
+  };
+}
+
+function splitTerms(expression) {
+  const normalized = expression.replace(/\s+/g, "");
+  if (!normalized) {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  return normalized
+    .replace(/-/g, "+-")
+    .split("+")
+    .filter(Boolean);
+}
+
+function parsePolynomial(expression, variable) {
+  const terms = splitTerms(expression);
+  const coefficients = new Map();
+
+  for (const term of terms) {
+    if (term.includes(variable)) {
+      const [rawCoeff, rawPower] = term.split(variable);
+      let coefficient;
+
+      if (rawCoeff === "" || rawCoeff === "+") coefficient = 1;
+      else if (rawCoeff === "-") coefficient = -1;
+      else {
+        const cleaned = rawCoeff.endsWith("*") ? rawCoeff.slice(0, -1) : rawCoeff;
+        coefficient = Number(cleaned);
+      }
+
+      if (!Number.isFinite(coefficient)) {
+        throw new Error("Unsupported algebra term");
+      }
+
+      let power = 1;
+      if (rawPower) {
+        if (!rawPower.startsWith("^")) {
+          throw new Error("Unsupported algebra term");
+        }
+
+        power = Number(rawPower.slice(1));
+      }
+
+      if (!Number.isInteger(power) || power < 0) {
+        throw new Error("Only non-negative integer powers are supported");
+      }
+
+      coefficients.set(power, (coefficients.get(power) || 0) + coefficient);
+    } else {
+      const constant = Number(term);
+      if (!Number.isFinite(constant)) {
+        throw new Error("Unsupported algebra term");
+      }
+      coefficients.set(0, (coefficients.get(0) || 0) + constant);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return coefficients;
+}
+
+function formatPolynomial(coefficients, variable) {
+  const ordered = [...coefficients.entries()]
+    .filter(([, coefficient]) => coefficient !== 0)
+    .sort((a, b) => b[0] - a[0]);
+
+  if (!ordered.length) {
+    return "0";
+  }
+
+  return ordered.map(([power, coefficient], index) => {
+    const negative = coefficient < 0;
+    const absCoeff = Math.abs(coefficient);
+    let body;
+
+    if (power === 0) {
+      body = `${absCoeff}`;
+    } else if (power === 1) {
+      body = absCoeff === 1 ? variable : `${absCoeff} * ${variable}`;
+    } else {
+      body = absCoeff === 1
+        ? `${variable}^${power}`
+        : `${absCoeff} * ${variable}^${power}`;
+    }
+
+    if (index === 0) {
+      return negative ? `-${body}` : body;
+    }
+
+    return negative ? `- ${body}` : `+ ${body}`;
+  }).join(" ");
+}
+
+function simplifyExpression(expression) {
+  const compact = expression.replace(/\s+/g, "");
+  const variableMatch = compact.match(/[a-zA-Z]+/);
+  const variable = variableMatch?.[0] || "x";
+  const coefficients = parsePolynomial(expression, variable);
+  return formatPolynomial(coefficients, variable);
+}
+
+function derivativeExpression(expression, variable) {
+  const coefficients = parsePolynomial(expression, variable);
+  const derived = new Map();
+
+  for (const [power, coefficient] of coefficients.entries()) {
+    if (power === 0) continue;
+    derived.set(power - 1, (derived.get(power - 1) || 0) + (coefficient * power));
+  }
+
+  return formatPolynomial(derived, variable);
+}
+
+const internalFunctions = {
+  max: (...args) => {
+    if (!args.length) throw new Error("max() requires arguments");
+    return Math.max(...args);
+  },
+
+  min: (...args) => {
+    if (!args.length) throw new Error("min() requires arguments");
+    return Math.min(...args);
+  },
+
+  abs: (x) => Math.abs(x),
+
+  round: (x) => Math.round(x),
+
+  floor: (x) => Math.floor(x),
+
+  ceil: (x) => Math.ceil(x),
+
+  sqrt: (x) => {
+    if (x < 0) throw new Error("sqrt() domain error");
+    return Math.sqrt(x);
+  },
+
+  pow: (a, b) => a ** b,
+  det: (matrix) => determinant(matrix),
+  polynomialRoot: (...coefficients) => polynomialRoots(...coefficients),
+  lsolve: (a, b) => linearSolve(a, b),
+  lup: (matrix) => lupDecomposition(matrix),
+  lyap: (a, q) => solveLyapunov(a, q),
+  qr: (matrix) => qrDecomposition(matrix),
+  simplify: (expression) => {
+    if (typeof expression !== "string") {
+      throw new Error("simplify() expects an expression string");
+    }
+    return simplifyExpression(expression);
+  },
+  derivative: (expression, variable = "x") => {
+    if (typeof expression !== "string" || typeof variable !== "string") {
+      throw new Error("derivative() expects expression and variable strings");
+    }
+    return derivativeExpression(expression, variable);
+  },
+
+  /* ================= TRIGONOMETRY ================= */
+
+  sin: (x) => Math.sin(x),
+  cos: (x) => Math.cos(x),
+  tan: (x) => Math.tan(x),
+
+  asin: (x) => Math.asin(x),
+  acos: (x) => Math.acos(x),
+  atan: (x) => Math.atan(x),
+
+  /* ================= LOG / EXP ================= */
+
+  log: (x) => {
+    if (x <= 0) throw new Error("log() domain error");
+    return Math.log(x);
+  },
+
+  log10: (x) => {
+    if (x <= 0) throw new Error("log10() domain error");
+    return Math.log10(x);
+  },
+
+  exp: (x) => Math.exp(x),
+
+  /* ================= RANDOM ================= */
+
+  random: () => Math.random(),
+
+  /* ================= BOOLEAN / LOGIC ================= */
+
+  and: (a, b) => Boolean(a && b),
+
+  or: (a, b) => Boolean(a || b),
+
+  not: (a) => !a,
+  "!": (a) => !a,
+
+  /* ================= COMPARISON ================= */
+
+  eq: (a, b) => a === b,
+
+  neq: (a, b) => a !== b,
+  "notEqual": (a, b) => a !== b,
+
+  gt: (a, b) => a > b,
+  "greaterThan": (a, b) => a > b,
+
+  lt: (a, b) => a < b,
+  "lessThan": (a, b) => a < b,
+
+  gte: (a, b) => a >= b,
+  "greaterThanOrEqual": (a, b) => a >= b,
+
+  lte: (a, b) => a <= b,
+  "lessThanOrEqual": (a, b) => a <= b,
+
+  /* ================= UTILITY ================= */
+
+  clamp: (x, min, max) => {
+    if (min > max) throw new Error("clamp(): min > max");
+    return Math.min(Math.max(x, min), max);
+  },
+
+  if: (condition, a, b) => (condition ? a : b),
+
+  /* ================= TYPE ================= */
+
+  typeof: (x) => typeof x,
+
+  /* ================= STRING ================= */
+
+  length: (x) => {
+    if (typeof x === "string" || Array.isArray(x)) {
+      return x.length;
+    }
+    throw new Error("length() expects string or array");
+  }
+};
+
+function buildAST(tokens) {
+  let current = 0;
+
+  const peek = () => tokens[current];
+  const consume = () => tokens[current++];
+
+  const match = (type, value) => {
+    const t = peek();
+    if (!t) return false;
+
+    if (t.type !== type) return false;
+
+    if (value !== undefined && t.value !== value) return false;
+
+    current++;
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  const parseSliceOrIndex = () => {
+    let start = null;
+
+    if (!(peek()?.type === "Colon" || peek()?.type === "Comma" || peek()?.type === "ArrayEnd")) {
+      start = parseExpression();
+    }
+
+    if (match("Colon")) {
+      let end = null;
+
+      if (!(peek()?.type === "Comma" || peek()?.type === "ArrayEnd")) {
+        end = parseExpression();
+      }
+
+      return {
+        type: "SliceExpression",
+        start,
+        end
+      };
+    }
+
+    return start;
+  };
+
+  /* ================= PRIMARY ================= */
+  function parsePrimary() {
+    const token = consume();
+    if (!token) throw new Error("Unexpected end of input");
+
+    switch (token.type) {
+      case "Number":
+      case "BigInt":
+      case "Boolean":
+      case "String":
+        return { type: "Literal", value: token.value };
+
+      case "ImaginaryLiteral":
+        return { type: "ImaginaryLiteral", value: token.value };
+
+      case "NumberWithUnit":
+        return {
+          type: "UnitLiteral",
+          value: token.value,
+          unit: token.unit
+        };
+
+      case "Identifier":
+        return { type: "Identifier", name: token.name };
+      
+      case "Function":
+        return {
+          type: "Identifier",
+          name: token.name
+        };
+
+      case "Parenthesis":
+        if (token.value === "(") {
+          const expr = parseExpression();
+
+          if (!match("Parenthesis", ")")) {
+            throw new Error(`Expected ')'`);
+          }
+
+          return expr;
+        }
+        
+      case "ArrayStart": {
+        const rows = [];
+        let currentRow = [];
+
+        if (!match("ArrayEnd")) {
+          while (true) {
+            currentRow.push(parseExpression());
+
+            if (match("Comma")) {
+              continue;
+            }
+
+            if (match("Semicolon")) {
+              rows.push(currentRow);
+              currentRow = [];
+              continue;
+            }
+
+            if (match("ArrayEnd")) {
+              rows.push(currentRow);
+              break;
+            }
+
+            throw new Error(`Expected ',', ';', or ']' at ${current}`);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (!rows.length) {
+          return { type: "ArrayExpression", elements: [] };
+        }
+
+        if (rows.length === 1) {
+          return { type: "ArrayExpression", elements: rows[0] };
+        }
+
+        return {
+          type: "ArrayExpression",
+          elements: rows.map((elements) => ({
+            type: "ArrayExpression",
+            elements
+          }))
+        };
+      }
+
+      case "BlockStart": {
+        const properties = [];
+
+        if (!match("BlockEnd")) {
+          do {
+            const keyToken = consume();
+
+            if (
+              keyToken.type !== "Identifier" &&
+              keyToken.type !== "String"
+            ) {
+              throw new Error("Invalid object key");
+            }
+
+            if (!match("Colon")) {
+              throw new Error("Expected ':' after key");
+            }
+
+            const value = parseExpression();
+
+            properties.push({
+              key: keyToken.value,
+              value
+            });
+
+          } while (match("Comma"));
+
+          if (!match("BlockEnd")) {
+            throw new Error(`Expected '}' at ${current}`);
+          }
+        }
+
+        return { type: "ObjectExpression", properties };
+      }
+    }
+
+    throw new Error(`Unexpected token: ${JSON.stringify(token)}`);
+  }
+
+  /* ================= MEMBER ================= */
+  function parseMember() {
+    let object = parsePrimary();
+
+    while (true) {
+      if (match("ArrayStart")) {
+        const selectors = [];
+
+        if (!match("ArrayEnd")) {
+          do {
+            selectors.push(parseSliceOrIndex());
+          } while (match("Comma"));
+
+          if (!match("ArrayEnd")) {
+            throw new Error(`Expected ']' at ${current}`);
+          }
+        }
+
+        object = {
+          type: "IndexExpression",
+          object,
+          selectors
+        };
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (match("Dot")) {
+        const property = consume();
+
+        if (property.type !== "Identifier") {
+          throw new Error("Expected property after '.'");
+        }
+
+        object = {
+          type: "MemberExpression",
+          object,
+          property: { type: "Identifier", name: property.value },
+          optional: false
+        };
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      if (match("Operator", "?.")) {
+        const property = consume();
+
+        object = {
+          type: "MemberExpression",
+          object,
+          property: { type: "Identifier", name: property.value },
+          optional: true
+        };
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      break;
+    }
+
+    return object;
+  }
+
+  /* ================= CALL ================= */
+  function parseCallChain() {
+    let expr = parseMember();
+
+    while (peek()?.type === "Parenthesis" && peek()?.value === "(") {
+      consume(); // '('
+
+      const args = [];
+
+      if (!(peek()?.type === "Parenthesis" && peek()?.value === ")")) {
+        do {
+          args.push(parseExpression());
+        } while (match("Comma"));
+      }
+
+      if (!match("Parenthesis", ")")) {
+        throw new Error(`Expected ')' at ${current}`);
+      }
+
+      expr = {
+        type: "CallExpression",
+        callee: expr,
+        arguments: args
+      };
+    }
+
+    return expr;
+  }
+
+  /* ================= UNARY ================= */
+  function parseUnary() {
+    if (match("UnaryOperator")) {
+      const operator = tokens[current - 1].value;
+
+      return {
+        type: "UnaryExpression",
+        operator,
+        argument: parseUnary()
+      };
+    }
+
+    return parseCallChain();
+  }
+
+  /* ================= POWER ================= */
+  function parsePower() {
+    let left = parseUnary();
+
+    if (match("Operator", "^")) {
+      const right = parsePower();
+      return {
+        type: "BinaryExpression",
+        operator: "^",
+        left,
+        right
+      };
+    }
+
+    return left;
+  }
+
+  /* ================= MULT ================= */
+  function parseMultiplication() {
+    let left = parsePower();
+
+    while (
+      match("Operator", "*") ||
+      match("Operator", "/") ||
+      match("Operator", "%")
+    ) {
+      const operator = tokens[current - 1].value;
+      const right = parsePower();
+
+      left = {
+        type: "BinaryExpression",
+        operator,
+        left,
+        right
+      };
+    }
+
+    return left;
+  }
+
+  /* ================= ADD ================= */
+  function parseAddition() {
+    let left = parseMultiplication();
+
+    while (match("Operator", "+") || match("Operator", "-")) {
+      const operator = tokens[current - 1].value;
+      const right = parseMultiplication();
+
+      left = {
+        type: "BinaryExpression",
+        operator,
+        left,
+        right
+      };
+    }
+
+    return left;
+  }
+
+  /* ================= UNIT CONVERSION ================= */
+  function parseUnitConversion() {
+    let left = parseAddition();
+
+    const nextKeyword = peek();
+    if (nextKeyword?.type === "Keyword" && ["to", "in"].includes(nextKeyword.value)) {
+      consume();
+      const next = consume();
+
+      if (!next || next.type !== "Unit") {
+        throw new Error(`Expected unit after '${nextKeyword.value}'`);
+      }
+
+      return {
+        type: "UnitConversion",
+        from: left,
+        to: next.value
+      };
+    }
+
+    return left;
+  }
+
+  /* ================= COMPARISON ================= */
+  function parseComparison() {
+    let left = parseUnitConversion();
+
+    while (
+      match("Operator", ">") ||
+      match("Operator", "<") ||
+      match("Operator", ">=") ||
+      match("Operator", "<=") ||
+      match("Operator", "==")
+    ) {
+      const operator = tokens[current - 1].value;
+      const right = parseUnitConversion();
+
+      left = {
+        type: "BinaryExpression",
+        operator,
+        left,
+        right
+      };
+    }
+
+    return left;
+  }
+
+  /* ================= LOGICAL ================= */
+  function parseLogical() {
+    let left = parseComparison();
+
+    while (
+      match("Operator", "&&") ||
+      match("Operator", "||")
+    ) {
+      const operator = tokens[current - 1].value;
+      const right = parseComparison();
+
+      left = {
+        type: "LogicalExpression",
+        operator,
+        left,
+        right
+      };
+    }
+
+    return left;
+  }
+
+  /* ================= NULLISH ================= */
+  function parseNullish() {
+    let left = parseLogical();
+
+    while (match("Operator", "??")) {
+      const right = parseLogical();
+
+      left = {
+        type: "LogicalExpression",
+        operator: "??",
+        left,
+        right
+      };
+    }
+
+    return left;
+  }
+
+  /* ================= TERNARY ================= */
+  function parseTernary() {
+    let test = parseNullish();
+
+    if (match("Ternary", "?")) {
+      const consequent = parseExpression();
+
+      if (!match("Ternary", ":")) {
+        throw new Error("Expected ':' in ternary");
+      }
+
+      const alternate = parseExpression();
+
+      return {
+        type: "ConditionalExpression",
+        test,
+        consequent,
+        alternate
+      };
+    }
+
+    return test;
+  }
+
+  /* ================= PIPELINE ================= */
+  function parsePipeline() {
+    let left = parseTernary();
+
+    while (match("Operator", "|>")) {
+      const right = parseTernary();
+
+      left = {
+        type: "PipelineExpression",
+        left,
+        right
+      };
+    }
+
+    return left;
+  }
+
+  /* ================= ASSIGNMENT ================= */
+  function parseAssignment() {
+    let left = parsePipeline();
+
+    if (
+      match("Operator", "=") ||
+      match("Operator", "+=") ||
+      match("Operator", "-=") ||
+      match("Operator", "*=") ||
+      match("Operator", "/=")
+    ) {
+      const operator = tokens[current - 1].value;
+
+      if (left.type === "CallExpression") {
+        const isFunctionTarget =
+          left.callee?.type === "Identifier" &&
+          left.arguments.every((arg) => arg.type === "Identifier");
+
+        if (!isFunctionTarget) {
+          throw new Error("Invalid function definition");
+        }
+
+        const right = parseAssignment();
+
+        return {
+          type: "FunctionAssignmentExpression",
+          operator,
+          left: {
+            type: "Identifier",
+            name: left.callee.name
+          },
+          params: left.arguments.map((arg) => arg.name),
+          right
+        };
+      }
+
+      if (
+        left.type !== "Identifier" &&
+        left.type !== "MemberExpression" &&
+        left.type !== "IndexExpression"
+      ) {
+        throw new Error("Invalid assignment target");
+      }
+
+      const right = parseAssignment();
+
+      return {
+        type: "AssignmentExpression",
+        operator,
+        left,
+        right
+      };
+    }
+
+    return left;
+  }
+
+  /* ================= ENTRY ================= */
+  function parseExpression() {
+    return parseAssignment();
+  }
+
+  const ast = parseExpression();
+
+  if (current < tokens.length) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Unexpected token at end: ${JSON.stringify(peek())}`
+    );
+  }
+
+  return ast;
+}
+
+//
+
+const isComplex = (value) =>
+    value && typeof value === "object" && "re" in value && "im" in value;
+
+const isUnitValue = (value) =>
+    value && typeof value === "object" && "value" in value && "unit" in value;
+
+const isMatrix = (value) =>
+    Array.isArray(value) && value.length > 0 && value.every(Array.isArray);
+
+const formatComplex = (value) => {
+    if (!isComplex(value)) return value;
+
+    const real = value.re;
+    const imaginary = Math.abs(value.im);
+    const sign = value.im < 0 ? "-" : "+";
+
+    if (real === 0) {
+        if (value.im === 1) return "i";
+        if (value.im === -1) return "-i";
+        return `${value.im}i`;
+    }
+
+    const imagPart = imaginary === 1 ? "i" : `${imaginary}i`;
+    return `${real} ${sign} ${imagPart}`;
+};
+
+const formatScalar = (value) => {
+    if (typeof value !== "number") {
+        return String(value);
+    }
+
+    if (Number.isInteger(value)) {
+        return String(value);
+    }
+
+    return Number(value.toFixed(14)).toString();
+};
+
+const formatResult = (value) => {
+    if (isComplex(value)) {
+        return formatComplex(value);
+    }
+
+    if (isUnitValue(value)) {
+        return `${value.value} ${value.unit}`;
+    }
+
+    if (isDenseMatrixWrapper(value)) {
+        return serializeExprifyValue(value);
+    }
+
+    if (isMatrix(value)) {
+        return value.map((row) => row.map(formatScalar).join("\t")).join("\n");
+    }
+
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+        return JSON.stringify(value);
+    }
+
+    if (value && typeof value === "object") {
+        return serializeExprifyValue(value);
+    }
+
+    return value;
+};
+
+class exprify {
+    constructor() {
+        // Shared state
+        this.math = mathOperations;
+        this.units = createUnitsStore(globalUnits);
+        this.functions = createFunctionRegistry(internalFunctions);
+        this.variables = createVarStore();
+        this._cache = new Map();
+        this.variables.set("pi", Math.PI);
+        this.variables.set("e", Math.E);
+        this.addFunction("parse", (expression) => {
+            if (typeof expression !== "string") {
+                throw new Error("parse() expects an expression string");
+            }
+            return expression;
+        });
+        this.addFunction("leafCount", (value) => {
+            const countLeafTokens = (expression) => {
+                const strippedKeys = expression.replace(/(^|[{,]\s*)[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*\s*:/g, "$1");
+                const matches = strippedKeys.match(/\d+(\.\d+)?(e[+-]?\d+)?n?|[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*/gi);
+                return matches ? matches.length : 0;
+            };
+
+            let ast = value;
+            if (typeof value === "string") {
+                try {
+                    ast = this.parse(value).ast;
+                } catch {
+                    return countLeafTokens(value);
+                }
+            }
+
+            const countLeaves = (node) => {
+                if (!node || typeof node !== "object") return 0;
+
+                switch (node.type) {
+                    case "Literal":
+                    case "ImaginaryLiteral":
+                    case "UnitLiteral":
+                    case "Identifier":
+                        return 1;
+                    default:
+                        return Object.values(node).reduce((sum, child) => {
+                            if (Array.isArray(child)) {
+                                return sum + child.reduce((inner, item) => inner + countLeaves(item), 0);
+                            }
+
+                            return sum + countLeaves(child);
+                        }, 0);
+                }
+            };
+
+            return countLeaves(ast);
+        });
+        this.addFunction("matrix", (value) => wrapDenseMatrix(value));
+        this.addFunction("sparse", (value) => wrapDenseMatrix(value));
+        this.addFunction("rationalize", (expression, withDetails = false) => {
+            if (typeof expression !== "string") {
+                throw new Error("rationalize() expects an expression string");
+            }
+
+            const normalizedExpression = expression
+                .replace(/\s+/g, "")
+                .replace(/(\d)([a-zA-Z(])/g, "$1*$2")
+                .replace(/([a-zA-Z)])(\d)/g, "$1*$2");
+
+            const polyKey = (powers) => JSON.stringify(Object.entries(powers).sort(([a], [b]) => a.localeCompare(b)));
+            const keyToPowers = (key) => Object.fromEntries(JSON.parse(key));
+            const constPoly = (value) => new Map([[polyKey({}), value]]);
+            const varPoly = (name) => new Map([[polyKey({ [name]: 1 }), 1]]);
+            const cleanPoly = (poly) => new Map([...poly.entries()].filter(([, coeff]) => coeff !== 0));
+            const addPoly = (a, b, sign = 1) => {
+                const result = new Map(a);
+                for (const [key, coeff] of b.entries()) {
+                    result.set(key, (result.get(key) || 0) + (sign * coeff));
+                }
+                return cleanPoly(result);
+            };
+            const multiplyPoly = (a, b) => {
+                const result = new Map();
+                for (const [keyA, coeffA] of a.entries()) {
+                    const powersA = keyToPowers(keyA);
+                    for (const [keyB, coeffB] of b.entries()) {
+                        const powersB = keyToPowers(keyB);
+                        const merged = { ...powersA };
+                        for (const [name, power] of Object.entries(powersB)) {
+                            merged[name] = (merged[name] || 0) + power;
+                        }
+                        const key = polyKey(merged);
+                        result.set(key, (result.get(key) || 0) + (coeffA * coeffB));
+                    }
+                }
+                return cleanPoly(result);
+            };
+            const powPoly = (poly, exponent) => {
+                let result = constPoly(1);
+                for (let index = 0; index < exponent; index++) {
+                    result = multiplyPoly(result, poly);
+                }
+                return result;
+            };
+            const rational = (num, den = constPoly(1)) => ({ num, den });
+            const addRat = (a, b, sign = 1) => rational(
+                addPoly(
+                    multiplyPoly(a.num, b.den),
+                    multiplyPoly(b.num, a.den),
+                    sign
+                ),
+                multiplyPoly(a.den, b.den)
+            );
+            const mulRat = (a, b) => rational(multiplyPoly(a.num, b.num), multiplyPoly(a.den, b.den));
+            const divRat = (a, b) => rational(multiplyPoly(a.num, b.den), multiplyPoly(a.den, b.num));
+            const negRat = (value) => rational(addPoly(new Map(), value.num, -1), value.den);
+            const astToRat = (node) => {
+                switch (node.type) {
+                    case "Literal":
+                        return rational(constPoly(node.value));
+                    case "Identifier":
+                        return rational(varPoly(node.name));
+                    case "UnaryExpression":
+                        if (node.operator === "-") return negRat(astToRat(node.argument));
+                        throw new Error("Unsupported unary operator");
+                    case "BinaryExpression": {
+                        const left = astToRat(node.left);
+                        const right = astToRat(node.right);
+                        switch (node.operator) {
+                            case "+": return addRat(left, right);
+                            case "-": return addRat(left, right, -1);
+                            case "*": return mulRat(left, right);
+                            case "/": return divRat(left, right);
+                            case "^": {
+                                if (node.right.type !== "Literal" || !Number.isInteger(node.right.value) || node.right.value < 0) {
+                                    throw new Error("Unsupported exponent");
+                                }
+                                return rational(
+                                    powPoly(left.num, node.right.value),
+                                    powPoly(left.den, node.right.value)
+                                );
+                            }
+                            default:
+                                throw new Error("Unsupported operator in rationalize()");
+                        }
+                    }
+                    default:
+                        throw new Error("Unsupported expression in rationalize()");
+                }
+            };
+            const formatPoly = (poly) => {
+                const entries = [...poly.entries()]
+                    .filter(([, coeff]) => coeff !== 0)
+                    .sort(([keyA], [keyB]) => {
+                        const powersA = keyToPowers(keyA);
+                        const powersB = keyToPowers(keyB);
+                        const firstVarA = Object.keys(powersA).sort()[0] || "";
+                        const firstVarB = Object.keys(powersB).sort()[0] || "";
+
+                        if (firstVarA !== firstVarB) {
+                            return firstVarA.localeCompare(firstVarB);
+                        }
+
+                        const degreeA = Object.values(powersA).reduce((sum, value) => sum + value, 0);
+                        const degreeB = Object.values(powersB).reduce((sum, value) => sum + value, 0);
+                        return degreeB - degreeA;
+                    });
+
+                if (!entries.length) return "0";
+
+                return entries.map(([key, coeff], index) => {
+                    const powers = keyToPowers(key);
+                    const absCoeff = Math.abs(coeff);
+                    const variablePart = Object.entries(powers)
+                        .map(([name, power]) => power === 1 ? name : `${name} ^ ${power}`)
+                        .join(" * ");
+                    let body = variablePart;
+
+                    if (!body) {
+                        body = `${absCoeff}`;
+                    } else if (absCoeff !== 1) {
+                        body = `${absCoeff} * ${body}`;
+                    }
+
+                    if (index === 0) {
+                        return coeff < 0 ? `- ${body}`.replace("- ", "-") : body;
+                    }
+
+                    return coeff < 0 ? `- ${body}` : `+ ${body}`;
+                }).join(" ");
+            };
+
+            const ast = this.parse(normalizedExpression).ast;
+            const result = astToRat(ast);
+            const numerator = formatPoly(result.num);
+            const denominator = formatPoly(result.den);
+            const variableSet = new Set();
+
+            for (const poly of [result.num, result.den]) {
+                for (const key of poly.keys()) {
+                    for (const name of Object.keys(keyToPowers(key))) {
+                        variableSet.add(name);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!withDetails) {
+                return `(${numerator}) / (${denominator})`;
+            }
+
+            return {
+                numerator,
+                denominator,
+                coefficients: [],
+                variables: [...variableSet].sort(),
+                expression: `(${numerator}) / (${denominator})`
+            };
+        });
+    }
+
+    setVariable(name, value) {
+        this.variables.set(name, value);
+    }
+
+    getVariable(name) {
+        return this.variables.get(name);
+    }
+
+    addFunction(name, fn) {
+        this.functions.register(name, fn);
+    }
+
+    _createContext() {
+        return createContext({
+            functions: this.functions,
+            variables: this.variables,
+            units: this.units,
+            evaluate: this.evaluate.bind(this)
+        });
+    }
+
+    tokenize(expr) {
+        if (typeof expr !== "string") {
+            throw new Error("Expression must be a string");
+        }
+        return tokenize(expr, this._createContext());
+    }
+
+    parse(expr) {
+        const tokens = this.tokenize(expr);
+        const ast = buildAST(tokens);
+        return { tokens, ast };
+    }
+
+    evaluate(expr) {
+        const { ast } = this.parse(expr);
+        return formatResult(evaluateAST(
+            ast,
+            this._createContext()
+        ));
+    }
+
+    compile(expr) {
+        if (this._cache.has(expr)) {
+            return this._cache.get(expr);
+        }
+
+        const { ast } = this.parse(expr);
+
+        const compiledFn = (scope = {}) => {
+            const baseContext = this._createContext();
+            const scopedContext = baseContext.withScope(scope);
+            return formatResult(evaluateAST(ast, scopedContext));
+        };
+
+        this._cache.set(expr, compiledFn);
+        return compiledFn;
+    }
+
+    clearCache() {
+        this._cache.clear();
+    }
+
 }
 
-export { ViewPoint as Exprify, externalFunctions, internalFunctions, mathOperations, variablesDB };
+export { exprify as default };