expo-juce 0.3.0 → 0.3.2

package/ios/juce_modules/juce_audio_processors/format_types/LV2_SDK/serd/src/n3.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1720 @@
+/*
+  Copyright 2011-2020 David Robillard <d@drobilla.net>
+
+  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#include "byte_source.h"
+#include "reader.h"
+#include "serd_internal.h"
+#include "stack.h"
+#include "string_utils.h"
+#include "uri_utils.h"
+
+#include "serd/serd.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define TRY(st, exp)      \
+  do {                    \
+    if (((st) = (exp))) { \
+      return (st);        \
+    }                     \
+  } while (0)
+
+static inline bool
+fancy_syntax(const SerdReader* reader)
+{
+  return reader->syntax == SERD_TURTLE || reader->syntax == SERD_TRIG;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_collection(SerdReader* reader, ReadContext ctx, Ref* dest);
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_predicateObjectList(SerdReader* reader, ReadContext ctx, bool* ate_dot);
+
+static inline uint8_t
+read_HEX(SerdReader* reader)
+{
+  const int c = peek_byte(reader);
+  if (is_xdigit(c)) {
+    return (uint8_t)eat_byte_safe(reader, c);
+  }
+
+  r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "invalid hexadecimal digit `%c'\n", c);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Read UCHAR escape, initial \ is already eaten by caller
+static inline SerdStatus
+read_UCHAR(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest, uint32_t* char_code)
+{
+  const int b      = peek_byte(reader);
+  unsigned  length = 0;
+  switch (b) {
+  case 'U':
+    length = 8;
+    break;
+  case 'u':
+    length = 4;
+    break;
+  default:
+    return SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+  }
+
+  eat_byte_safe(reader, b);
+
+  uint8_t buf[9] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  for (unsigned i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+    if (!(buf[i] = read_HEX(reader))) {
+      return SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+    }
+  }
+
+  char*          endptr = NULL;
+  const uint32_t code   = (uint32_t)strtoul((const char*)buf, &endptr, 16);
+  assert(endptr == (char*)buf + length);
+
+  unsigned size = 0;
+  if (code < 0x00000080) {
+    size = 1;
+  } else if (code < 0x00000800) {
+    size = 2;
+  } else if (code < 0x00010000) {
+    size = 3;
+  } else if (code < 0x00110000) {
+    size = 4;
+  } else {
+    r_err(reader,
+          SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX,
+          "unicode character 0x%X out of range\n",
+          code);
+    push_bytes(reader, dest, replacement_char, 3);
+    *char_code = 0xFFFD;
+    return SERD_SUCCESS;
+  }
+
+  // Build output in buf
+  // (Note # of bytes = # of leading 1 bits in first byte)
+  uint32_t c = code;
+  switch (size) {
+  case 4:
+    buf[3] = (uint8_t)(0x80u | (c & 0x3Fu));
+    c >>= 6;
+    c |= (16 << 12); // set bit 4
+    /* fallthru */
+  case 3:
+    buf[2] = (uint8_t)(0x80u | (c & 0x3Fu));
+    c >>= 6;
+    c |= (32 << 6); // set bit 5
+    /* fallthru */
+  case 2:
+    buf[1] = (uint8_t)(0x80u | (c & 0x3Fu));
+    c >>= 6;
+    c |= 0xC0; // set bits 6 and 7
+    /* fallthru */
+  case 1:
+    buf[0] = (uint8_t)c;
+    /* fallthru */
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+
+  push_bytes(reader, dest, buf, size);
+  *char_code = code;
+  return SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// Read ECHAR escape, initial \ is already eaten by caller
+static inline SerdStatus
+read_ECHAR(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest, SerdNodeFlags* flags)
+{
+  const int c = peek_byte(reader);
+  switch (c) {
+  case 't':
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, 't');
+    push_byte(reader, dest, '\t');
+    return SERD_SUCCESS;
+  case 'b':
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, 'b');
+    push_byte(reader, dest, '\b');
+    return SERD_SUCCESS;
+  case 'n':
+    *flags |= SERD_HAS_NEWLINE;
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, 'n');
+    push_byte(reader, dest, '\n');
+    return SERD_SUCCESS;
+  case 'r':
+    *flags |= SERD_HAS_NEWLINE;
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, 'r');
+    push_byte(reader, dest, '\r');
+    return SERD_SUCCESS;
+  case 'f':
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, 'f');
+    push_byte(reader, dest, '\f');
+    return SERD_SUCCESS;
+  case '\\':
+  case '"':
+  case '\'':
+    push_byte(reader, dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+    return SERD_SUCCESS;
+  default:
+    return SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+  }
+}
+
+static inline SerdStatus
+bad_char(SerdReader* reader, const char* fmt, uint8_t c)
+{
+  // Skip bytes until the next start byte
+  for (int b = peek_byte(reader); b != EOF && ((uint8_t)b & 0x80);) {
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, b);
+    b = peek_byte(reader);
+  }
+
+  r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, fmt, c);
+  return reader->strict ? SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX : SERD_FAILURE;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_utf8_bytes(SerdReader* reader, uint8_t bytes[4], uint32_t* size, uint8_t c)
+{
+  *size = utf8_num_bytes(c);
+  if (*size <= 1 || *size > 4) {
+    return bad_char(reader, "invalid UTF-8 start 0x%X\n", c);
+  }
+
+  bytes[0] = c;
+  for (unsigned i = 1; i < *size; ++i) {
+    const int b = peek_byte(reader);
+    if (b == EOF || ((uint8_t)b & 0x80) == 0) {
+      return bad_char(reader, "invalid UTF-8 continuation 0x%X\n", (uint8_t)b);
+    }
+
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, b);
+    bytes[i] = (uint8_t)b;
+  }
+
+  return SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_utf8_character(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest, uint8_t c)
+{
+  uint32_t   size     = 0;
+  uint8_t    bytes[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+  SerdStatus st       = read_utf8_bytes(reader, bytes, &size, c);
+  if (st) {
+    push_bytes(reader, dest, replacement_char, 3);
+  } else {
+    push_bytes(reader, dest, bytes, size);
+  }
+
+  return st;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_utf8_code(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest, uint32_t* code, uint8_t c)
+{
+  uint32_t   size     = 0;
+  uint8_t    bytes[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+  SerdStatus st       = read_utf8_bytes(reader, bytes, &size, c);
+  if (st) {
+    push_bytes(reader, dest, replacement_char, 3);
+    return st;
+  }
+
+  push_bytes(reader, dest, bytes, size);
+  *code = parse_counted_utf8_char(bytes, size);
+  return st;
+}
+
+// Read one character (possibly multi-byte)
+// The first byte, c, has already been eaten by caller
+static inline SerdStatus
+read_character(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest, SerdNodeFlags* flags, uint8_t c)
+{
+  if (!(c & 0x80)) {
+    switch (c) {
+    case 0xA:
+    case 0xD:
+      *flags |= SERD_HAS_NEWLINE;
+      break;
+    case '"':
+    case '\'':
+      *flags |= SERD_HAS_QUOTE;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+    return push_byte(reader, dest, c);
+  }
+
+  return read_utf8_character(reader, dest, c);
+}
+
+// [10] comment ::= '#' ( [^#xA #xD] )*
+static void
+read_comment(SerdReader* reader)
+{
+  eat_byte_safe(reader, '#');
+  int c = 0;
+  while (((c = peek_byte(reader)) != 0xA) && c != 0xD && c != EOF && c) {
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, c);
+  }
+}
+
+// [24] ws ::= #x9 | #xA | #xD | #x20 | comment
+static inline bool
+read_ws(SerdReader* reader)
+{
+  const int c = peek_byte(reader);
+  switch (c) {
+  case 0x9:
+  case 0xA:
+  case 0xD:
+  case 0x20:
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, c);
+    return true;
+  case '#':
+    read_comment(reader);
+    return true;
+  default:
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+static inline bool
+read_ws_star(SerdReader* reader)
+{
+  while (read_ws(reader)) {
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+peek_delim(SerdReader* reader, const char delim)
+{
+  read_ws_star(reader);
+  return peek_byte(reader) == delim;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+eat_delim(SerdReader* reader, const char delim)
+{
+  if (peek_delim(reader, delim)) {
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, delim);
+    return read_ws_star(reader);
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+// STRING_LITERAL_LONG_QUOTE and STRING_LITERAL_LONG_SINGLE_QUOTE
+// Initial triple quotes are already eaten by caller
+static SerdStatus
+read_STRING_LITERAL_LONG(SerdReader*    reader,
+                         Ref            ref,
+                         SerdNodeFlags* flags,
+                         uint8_t        q)
+{
+  SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS;
+
+  while (!(st && reader->strict)) {
+    const int c = peek_byte(reader);
+    if (c == '\\') {
+      eat_byte_safe(reader, c);
+      uint32_t code = 0;
+      if ((st = read_ECHAR(reader, ref, flags)) &&
+          (st = read_UCHAR(reader, ref, &code))) {
+        return r_err(reader, st, "invalid escape `\\%c'\n", peek_byte(reader));
+      }
+    } else if (c == q) {
+      eat_byte_safe(reader, q);
+      const int q2 = eat_byte_safe(reader, peek_byte(reader));
+      const int q3 = peek_byte(reader);
+      if (q2 == q && q3 == q) { // End of string
+        eat_byte_safe(reader, q3);
+        break;
+      }
+      *flags |= SERD_HAS_QUOTE;
+      push_byte(reader, ref, c);
+      st = read_character(reader, ref, flags, (uint8_t)q2);
+    } else if (c == EOF) {
+      return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "end of file in long string\n");
+    } else {
+      st =
+        read_character(reader, ref, flags, (uint8_t)eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (st && reader->strict) ? st : SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// STRING_LITERAL_QUOTE and STRING_LITERAL_SINGLE_QUOTE
+// Initial quote is already eaten by caller
+static SerdStatus
+read_STRING_LITERAL(SerdReader*    reader,
+                    Ref            ref,
+                    SerdNodeFlags* flags,
+                    uint8_t        q)
+{
+  SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS;
+
+  while (!(st && reader->strict)) {
+    const int c    = peek_byte(reader);
+    uint32_t  code = 0;
+    switch (c) {
+    case EOF:
+      return r_err(
+        reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "end of file in short string\n");
+    case '\n':
+    case '\r':
+      return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "line end in short string\n");
+    case '\\':
+      eat_byte_safe(reader, c);
+      if ((st = read_ECHAR(reader, ref, flags)) &&
+          (st = read_UCHAR(reader, ref, &code))) {
+        return r_err(reader, st, "invalid escape `\\%c'\n", peek_byte(reader));
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      if (c == q) {
+        eat_byte_check(reader, q);
+        return SERD_SUCCESS;
+      } else {
+        st =
+          read_character(reader, ref, flags, (uint8_t)eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return st ? st
+            : (eat_byte_check(reader, q) ? SERD_SUCCESS : SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX);
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_String(SerdReader* reader, Ref node, SerdNodeFlags* flags)
+{
+  const int q1 = peek_byte(reader);
+  eat_byte_safe(reader, q1);
+
+  const int q2 = peek_byte(reader);
+  if (q2 == EOF) {
+    return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "unexpected end of file\n");
+  }
+
+  if (q2 != q1) { // Short string (not triple quoted)
+    return read_STRING_LITERAL(reader, node, flags, (uint8_t)q1);
+  }
+
+  eat_byte_safe(reader, q2);
+  const int q3 = peek_byte(reader);
+  if (q3 == EOF) {
+    return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "unexpected end of file\n");
+  }
+
+  if (q3 != q1) { // Empty short string ("" or '')
+    return SERD_SUCCESS;
+  }
+
+  if (!fancy_syntax(reader)) {
+    return r_err(
+      reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "syntax does not support long literals\n");
+  }
+
+  eat_byte_safe(reader, q3);
+  return read_STRING_LITERAL_LONG(reader, node, flags, (uint8_t)q1);
+}
+
+static inline bool
+is_PN_CHARS_BASE(const uint32_t c)
+{
+  return ((c >= 0x00C0 && c <= 0x00D6) || (c >= 0x00D8 && c <= 0x00F6) ||
+          (c >= 0x00F8 && c <= 0x02FF) || (c >= 0x0370 && c <= 0x037D) ||
+          (c >= 0x037F && c <= 0x1FFF) || (c >= 0x200C && c <= 0x200D) ||
+          (c >= 0x2070 && c <= 0x218F) || (c >= 0x2C00 && c <= 0x2FEF) ||
+          (c >= 0x3001 && c <= 0xD7FF) || (c >= 0xF900 && c <= 0xFDCF) ||
+          (c >= 0xFDF0 && c <= 0xFFFD) || (c >= 0x10000 && c <= 0xEFFFF));
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_PN_CHARS_BASE(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest)
+{
+  uint32_t   code = 0;
+  const int  c    = peek_byte(reader);
+  SerdStatus st   = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  if (is_alpha(c)) {
+    push_byte(reader, dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+  } else if (c == EOF || !(c & 0x80)) {
+    return SERD_FAILURE;
+  } else if ((st = read_utf8_code(
+                reader, dest, &code, (uint8_t)eat_byte_safe(reader, c)))) {
+    return st;
+  } else if (!is_PN_CHARS_BASE(code)) {
+    r_err(
+      reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "invalid character U+%04X in name\n", code);
+    if (reader->strict) {
+      return SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+    }
+  }
+  return st;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+is_PN_CHARS(const uint32_t c)
+{
+  return (is_PN_CHARS_BASE(c) || c == 0xB7 || (c >= 0x0300 && c <= 0x036F) ||
+          (c >= 0x203F && c <= 0x2040));
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_PN_CHARS(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest)
+{
+  uint32_t   code = 0;
+  const int  c    = peek_byte(reader);
+  SerdStatus st   = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  if (is_alpha(c) || is_digit(c) || c == '_' || c == '-') {
+    push_byte(reader, dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+  } else if (c == EOF || !(c & 0x80)) {
+    return SERD_FAILURE;
+  } else if ((st = read_utf8_code(
+                reader, dest, &code, (uint8_t)eat_byte_safe(reader, c)))) {
+    return st;
+  } else if (!is_PN_CHARS(code)) {
+    return r_err(
+      reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "invalid character U+%04X in name\n", code);
+  }
+  return st;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_PERCENT(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest)
+{
+  push_byte(reader, dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, '%'));
+  const uint8_t h1 = read_HEX(reader);
+  const uint8_t h2 = read_HEX(reader);
+  if (h1 && h2) {
+    push_byte(reader, dest, h1);
+    return push_byte(reader, dest, h2);
+  }
+
+  return SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_PN_LOCAL_ESC(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest)
+{
+  eat_byte_safe(reader, '\\');
+
+  const int c = peek_byte(reader);
+  switch (c) {
+  case '!':
+  case '#':
+  case '$':
+  case '%':
+  case '&':
+  case '\'':
+  case '(':
+  case ')':
+  case '*':
+  case '+':
+  case ',':
+  case '-':
+  case '.':
+  case '/':
+  case ';':
+  case '=':
+  case '?':
+  case '@':
+  case '_':
+  case '~':
+    push_byte(reader, dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+    break;
+  default:
+    return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "invalid escape\n");
+  }
+
+  return SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_PLX(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest)
+{
+  const int c = peek_byte(reader);
+  switch (c) {
+  case '%':
+    return read_PERCENT(reader, dest);
+  case '\\':
+    return read_PN_LOCAL_ESC(reader, dest);
+  default:
+    return SERD_FAILURE;
+  }
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_PN_LOCAL(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest, bool* ate_dot)
+{
+  int        c                      = peek_byte(reader);
+  SerdStatus st                     = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  bool       trailing_unescaped_dot = false;
+  switch (c) {
+  case '0':
+  case '1':
+  case '2':
+  case '3':
+  case '4':
+  case '5':
+  case '6':
+  case '7':
+  case '8':
+  case '9':
+  case ':':
+  case '_':
+    push_byte(reader, dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+    break;
+  default:
+    if ((st = read_PLX(reader, dest)) > SERD_FAILURE) {
+      return r_err(reader, st, "bad escape\n");
+    } else if (st != SERD_SUCCESS && read_PN_CHARS_BASE(reader, dest)) {
+      return SERD_FAILURE;
+    }
+  }
+
+  while ((c = peek_byte(reader))) { // Middle: (PN_CHARS | '.' | ':')*
+    if (c == '.' || c == ':') {
+      push_byte(reader, dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+    } else if ((st = read_PLX(reader, dest)) > SERD_FAILURE) {
+      return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "bad escape\n");
+    } else if (st != SERD_SUCCESS && (st = read_PN_CHARS(reader, dest))) {
+      break;
+    }
+    trailing_unescaped_dot = (c == '.');
+  }
+
+  SerdNode* const n = deref(reader, dest);
+  if (trailing_unescaped_dot) {
+    // Ate trailing dot, pop it from stack/node and inform caller
+    --n->n_bytes;
+    serd_stack_pop(&reader->stack, 1);
+    *ate_dot = true;
+  }
+
+  return (st > SERD_FAILURE) ? st : SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// Read the remainder of a PN_PREFIX after some initial characters
+static SerdStatus
+read_PN_PREFIX_tail(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest)
+{
+  int c = 0;
+  while ((c = peek_byte(reader))) { // Middle: (PN_CHARS | '.')*
+    if (c == '.') {
+      push_byte(reader, dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+    } else if (read_PN_CHARS(reader, dest)) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const SerdNode* const n = deref(reader, dest);
+  if (n->buf[n->n_bytes - 1] == '.' && read_PN_CHARS(reader, dest)) {
+    return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "prefix ends with `.'\n");
+  }
+
+  return SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_PN_PREFIX(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest)
+{
+  if (!read_PN_CHARS_BASE(reader, dest)) {
+    return read_PN_PREFIX_tail(reader, dest);
+  }
+
+  return SERD_FAILURE;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_LANGTAG(SerdReader* reader, Ref* dest)
+{
+  int c = peek_byte(reader);
+  if (!is_alpha(c)) {
+    return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "unexpected `%c'\n", c);
+  }
+
+  *dest = push_node(reader, SERD_LITERAL, "", 0);
+
+  SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  TRY(st, push_byte(reader, *dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c)));
+  while ((c = peek_byte(reader)) && is_alpha(c)) {
+    TRY(st, push_byte(reader, *dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c)));
+  }
+
+  while (peek_byte(reader) == '-') {
+    TRY(st, push_byte(reader, *dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, '-')));
+    while ((c = peek_byte(reader)) && (is_alpha(c) || is_digit(c))) {
+      TRY(st, push_byte(reader, *dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c)));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_IRIREF_scheme(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest)
+{
+  int c = peek_byte(reader);
+  if (!is_alpha(c)) {
+    return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "bad IRI scheme start `%c'\n", c);
+  }
+
+  while ((c = peek_byte(reader)) != EOF) {
+    if (c == '>') {
+      return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "missing IRI scheme\n");
+    }
+
+    if (!is_uri_scheme_char(c)) {
+      return r_err(reader,
+                   SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX,
+                   "bad IRI scheme char U+%04X (%c)\n",
+                   (unsigned)c,
+                   (char)c);
+    }
+
+    push_byte(reader, dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+    if (c == ':') {
+      return SERD_SUCCESS; // End of scheme
+    }
+  }
+
+  return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "unexpected end of file\n");
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_IRIREF(SerdReader* reader, Ref* dest)
+{
+  if (!eat_byte_check(reader, '<')) {
+    return SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+  }
+
+  *dest = push_node(reader, SERD_URI, "", 0);
+
+  if (!fancy_syntax(reader) && read_IRIREF_scheme(reader, *dest)) {
+    *dest = pop_node(reader, *dest);
+    return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "expected IRI scheme\n");
+  }
+
+  SerdStatus st   = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  uint32_t   code = 0;
+  while (!st) {
+    const int c = eat_byte_safe(reader, peek_byte(reader));
+    switch (c) {
+    case '"':
+    case '<':
+      *dest = pop_node(reader, *dest);
+      return r_err(
+        reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "invalid IRI character `%c'\n", c);
+
+    case '>':
+      return SERD_SUCCESS;
+
+    case '\\':
+      if (read_UCHAR(reader, *dest, &code)) {
+        *dest = pop_node(reader, *dest);
+        return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "invalid IRI escape\n");
+      }
+
+      switch (code) {
+      case 0:
+      case ' ':
+      case '<':
+      case '>':
+        *dest = pop_node(reader, *dest);
+        return r_err(reader,
+                     SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX,
+                     "invalid escaped IRI character U+%04X\n",
+                     code);
+      default:
+        break;
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case '^':
+    case '`':
+    case '{':
+    case '|':
+    case '}':
+      *dest = pop_node(reader, *dest);
+      return r_err(
+        reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "invalid IRI character `%c'\n", c);
+
+    default:
+      if (c <= 0x20) {
+        r_err(reader,
+              SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX,
+              "invalid IRI character (escape %%%02X)\n",
+              (unsigned)c);
+        if (reader->strict) {
+          *dest = pop_node(reader, *dest);
+          return SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+        }
+        st = SERD_FAILURE;
+        push_byte(reader, *dest, c);
+      } else if (!(c & 0x80)) {
+        push_byte(reader, *dest, c);
+      } else if (read_utf8_character(reader, *dest, (uint8_t)c)) {
+        if (reader->strict) {
+          *dest = pop_node(reader, *dest);
+          return SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  *dest = pop_node(reader, *dest);
+  return st;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_PrefixedName(SerdReader* reader, Ref dest, bool read_prefix, bool* ate_dot)
+{
+  SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  if (read_prefix && ((st = read_PN_PREFIX(reader, dest)) > SERD_FAILURE)) {
+    return st;
+  }
+
+  if (peek_byte(reader) != ':') {
+    return SERD_FAILURE;
+  }
+
+  push_byte(reader, dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, ':'));
+
+  st = read_PN_LOCAL(reader, dest, ate_dot);
+
+  return (st > SERD_FAILURE) ? st : SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_0_9(SerdReader* reader, Ref str, bool at_least_one)
+{
+  unsigned   count = 0;
+  SerdStatus st    = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  for (int c = 0; is_digit((c = peek_byte(reader))); ++count) {
+    TRY(st, push_byte(reader, str, eat_byte_safe(reader, c)));
+  }
+
+  if (at_least_one && count == 0) {
+    return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "expected digit\n");
+  }
+
+  return SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_number(SerdReader* reader, Ref* dest, Ref* datatype, bool* ate_dot)
+{
+#define XSD_DECIMAL NS_XSD "decimal"
+#define XSD_DOUBLE NS_XSD "double"
+#define XSD_INTEGER NS_XSD "integer"
+
+  *dest = push_node(reader, SERD_LITERAL, "", 0);
+
+  SerdStatus st          = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  int        c           = peek_byte(reader);
+  bool       has_decimal = false;
+  if (c == '-' || c == '+') {
+    push_byte(reader, *dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+  }
+  if ((c = peek_byte(reader)) == '.') {
+    has_decimal = true;
+    // decimal case 2 (e.g. '.0' or `-.0' or `+.0')
+    push_byte(reader, *dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+    TRY(st, read_0_9(reader, *dest, true));
+  } else {
+    // all other cases ::= ( '-' | '+' ) [0-9]+ ( . )? ( [0-9]+ )? ...
+    TRY(st, read_0_9(reader, *dest, true));
+    if ((c = peek_byte(reader)) == '.') {
+      has_decimal = true;
+
+      // Annoyingly, dot can be end of statement, so tentatively eat
+      eat_byte_safe(reader, c);
+      c = peek_byte(reader);
+      if (!is_digit(c) && c != 'e' && c != 'E') {
+        *ate_dot = true;     // Force caller to deal with stupid grammar
+        return SERD_SUCCESS; // Next byte is not a number character
+      }
+
+      push_byte(reader, *dest, '.');
+      read_0_9(reader, *dest, false);
+    }
+  }
+  c = peek_byte(reader);
+  if (c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
+    // double
+    push_byte(reader, *dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+    switch ((c = peek_byte(reader))) {
+    case '+':
+    case '-':
+      push_byte(reader, *dest, eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+    TRY(st, read_0_9(reader, *dest, true));
+    *datatype = push_node(reader, SERD_URI, XSD_DOUBLE, sizeof(XSD_DOUBLE) - 1);
+  } else if (has_decimal) {
+    *datatype =
+      push_node(reader, SERD_URI, XSD_DECIMAL, sizeof(XSD_DECIMAL) - 1);
+  } else {
+    *datatype =
+      push_node(reader, SERD_URI, XSD_INTEGER, sizeof(XSD_INTEGER) - 1);
+  }
+
+  return SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_iri(SerdReader* reader, Ref* dest, bool* ate_dot)
+{
+  switch (peek_byte(reader)) {
+  case '<':
+    return read_IRIREF(reader, dest);
+  default:
+    *dest = push_node(reader, SERD_CURIE, "", 0);
+    return read_PrefixedName(reader, *dest, true, ate_dot);
+  }
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_literal(SerdReader*    reader,
+             Ref*           dest,
+             Ref*           datatype,
+             Ref*           lang,
+             SerdNodeFlags* flags,
+             bool*          ate_dot)
+{
+  *dest = push_node(reader, SERD_LITERAL, "", 0);
+
+  SerdStatus st = read_String(reader, *dest, flags);
+  if (st) {
+    *dest = pop_node(reader, *dest);
+    return st;
+  }
+
+  switch (peek_byte(reader)) {
+  case '@':
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, '@');
+    if ((st = read_LANGTAG(reader, lang))) {
+      *datatype = pop_node(reader, *datatype);
+      *lang     = pop_node(reader, *lang);
+      *dest     = pop_node(reader, *dest);
+      return r_err(reader, st, "bad literal\n");
+    }
+    break;
+  case '^':
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, '^');
+    eat_byte_check(reader, '^');
+    if ((st = read_iri(reader, datatype, ate_dot))) {
+      *datatype = pop_node(reader, *datatype);
+      *lang     = pop_node(reader, *lang);
+      *dest     = pop_node(reader, *dest);
+      return r_err(reader, st, "bad literal\n");
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+
+  return SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_verb(SerdReader* reader, Ref* dest)
+{
+  if (peek_byte(reader) == '<') {
+    return read_IRIREF(reader, dest);
+  }
+
+  /* Either a qname, or "a".  Read the prefix first, and if it is in fact
+     "a", produce that instead.
+  */
+  *dest = push_node(reader, SERD_CURIE, "", 0);
+
+  SerdStatus st      = read_PN_PREFIX(reader, *dest);
+  bool       ate_dot = false;
+  SerdNode*  node    = deref(reader, *dest);
+  const int  next    = peek_byte(reader);
+  if (!st && node->n_bytes == 1 && node->buf[0] == 'a' && next != ':' &&
+      !is_PN_CHARS_BASE((uint32_t)next)) {
+    pop_node(reader, *dest);
+    *dest = push_node(reader, SERD_URI, NS_RDF "type", 47);
+    return SERD_SUCCESS;
+  }
+
+  if (st > SERD_FAILURE || read_PrefixedName(reader, *dest, false, &ate_dot) ||
+      ate_dot) {
+    *dest = pop_node(reader, *dest);
+    return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "bad verb\n");
+  }
+
+  return SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_BLANK_NODE_LABEL(SerdReader* reader, Ref* dest, bool* ate_dot)
+{
+  eat_byte_safe(reader, '_');
+  eat_byte_check(reader, ':');
+
+  const Ref ref = *dest =
+    push_node(reader,
+              SERD_BLANK,
+              reader->bprefix ? (char*)reader->bprefix : "",
+              reader->bprefix_len);
+
+  int c = peek_byte(reader); // First: (PN_CHARS | '_' | [0-9])
+  if (is_digit(c) || c == '_') {
+    push_byte(reader, ref, eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+  } else if (read_PN_CHARS(reader, ref)) {
+    *dest = pop_node(reader, *dest);
+    return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "invalid name start\n");
+  }
+
+  while ((c = peek_byte(reader))) { // Middle: (PN_CHARS | '.')*
+    if (c == '.') {
+      push_byte(reader, ref, eat_byte_safe(reader, c));
+    } else if (read_PN_CHARS(reader, ref)) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  SerdNode* n = deref(reader, ref);
+  if (n->buf[n->n_bytes - 1] == '.' && read_PN_CHARS(reader, ref)) {
+    // Ate trailing dot, pop it from stack/node and inform caller
+    --n->n_bytes;
+    serd_stack_pop(&reader->stack, 1);
+    *ate_dot = true;
+  }
+
+  if (fancy_syntax(reader)) {
+    if (is_digit(n->buf[reader->bprefix_len + 1])) {
+      if ((n->buf[reader->bprefix_len]) == 'b') {
+        ((char*)n->buf)[reader->bprefix_len] = 'B'; // Prevent clash
+        reader->seen_genid                   = true;
+      } else if (reader->seen_genid && n->buf[reader->bprefix_len] == 'B') {
+        *dest = pop_node(reader, *dest);
+        return r_err(reader,
+                     SERD_ERR_ID_CLASH,
+                     "found both `b' and `B' blank IDs, prefix required\n");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static Ref
+read_blankName(SerdReader* reader)
+{
+  eat_byte_safe(reader, '=');
+  if (eat_byte_check(reader, '=') != '=') {
+    r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "expected `='\n");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  Ref  subject = 0;
+  bool ate_dot = false;
+  read_ws_star(reader);
+  read_iri(reader, &subject, &ate_dot);
+  return subject;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_anon(SerdReader* reader, ReadContext ctx, bool subject, Ref* dest)
+{
+  const SerdStatementFlags old_flags = *ctx.flags;
+  bool                     empty     = false;
+  eat_byte_safe(reader, '[');
+  if ((empty = peek_delim(reader, ']'))) {
+    *ctx.flags |= (subject) ? SERD_EMPTY_S : SERD_EMPTY_O;
+  } else {
+    *ctx.flags |= (subject) ? SERD_ANON_S_BEGIN : SERD_ANON_O_BEGIN;
+    if (peek_delim(reader, '=')) {
+      if (!(*dest = read_blankName(reader)) || !eat_delim(reader, ';')) {
+        return SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!*dest) {
+    *dest = blank_id(reader);
+  }
+
+  SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  if (ctx.subject) {
+    TRY(st, emit_statement(reader, ctx, *dest, 0, 0));
+  }
+
+  ctx.subject = *dest;
+  if (!empty) {
+    *ctx.flags &= ~(unsigned)SERD_LIST_CONT;
+    if (!subject) {
+      *ctx.flags |= SERD_ANON_CONT;
+    }
+
+    bool ate_dot_in_list = false;
+    read_predicateObjectList(reader, ctx, &ate_dot_in_list);
+    if (ate_dot_in_list) {
+      return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "`.' inside blank\n");
+    }
+
+    read_ws_star(reader);
+    if (reader->end_sink) {
+      reader->end_sink(reader->handle, deref(reader, *dest));
+    }
+
+    *ctx.flags = old_flags;
+  }
+
+  return (eat_byte_check(reader, ']') == ']') ? SERD_SUCCESS
+                                              : SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+}
+
+/* If emit is true: recurses, calling statement_sink for every statement
+   encountered, and leaves stack in original calling state (i.e. pops
+   everything it pushes). */
+static SerdStatus
+read_object(SerdReader* reader, ReadContext* ctx, bool emit, bool* ate_dot)
+{
+  static const char* const XSD_BOOLEAN     = NS_XSD "boolean";
+  static const size_t      XSD_BOOLEAN_LEN = 40;
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  const size_t orig_stack_size = reader->stack.size;
+#endif
+
+  SerdStatus ret = SERD_FAILURE;
+
+  bool      simple   = (ctx->subject != 0);
+  SerdNode* node     = NULL;
+  Ref       o        = 0;
+  Ref       datatype = 0;
+  Ref       lang     = 0;
+  uint32_t  flags    = 0;
+  const int c        = peek_byte(reader);
+  if (!fancy_syntax(reader)) {
+    switch (c) {
+    case '"':
+    case ':':
+    case '<':
+    case '_':
+      break;
+    default:
+      return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "expected: ':', '<', or '_'\n");
+    }
+  }
+  switch (c) {
+  case EOF:
+  case ')':
+    return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "expected object\n");
+  case '[':
+    simple = false;
+    ret    = read_anon(reader, *ctx, false, &o);
+    break;
+  case '(':
+    simple = false;
+    ret    = read_collection(reader, *ctx, &o);
+    break;
+  case '_':
+    ret = read_BLANK_NODE_LABEL(reader, &o, ate_dot);
+    break;
+  case '<':
+  case ':':
+    ret = read_iri(reader, &o, ate_dot);
+    break;
+  case '+':
+  case '-':
+  case '.':
+  case '0':
+  case '1':
+  case '2':
+  case '3':
+  case '4':
+  case '5':
+  case '6':
+  case '7':
+  case '8':
+  case '9':
+    ret = read_number(reader, &o, &datatype, ate_dot);
+    break;
+  case '\"':
+  case '\'':
+    ret = read_literal(reader, &o, &datatype, &lang, &flags, ate_dot);
+    break;
+  default:
+    /* Either a boolean literal, or a qname.  Read the prefix first, and if
+       it is in fact a "true" or "false" literal, produce that instead.
+    */
+    o = push_node(reader, SERD_CURIE, "", 0);
+    while (!read_PN_CHARS_BASE(reader, o)) {
+    }
+    node = deref(reader, o);
+    if ((node->n_bytes == 4 && !memcmp(node->buf, "true", 4)) ||
+        (node->n_bytes == 5 && !memcmp(node->buf, "false", 5))) {
+      node->type = SERD_LITERAL;
+      datatype   = push_node(reader, SERD_URI, XSD_BOOLEAN, XSD_BOOLEAN_LEN);
+      ret        = SERD_SUCCESS;
+    } else if (read_PN_PREFIX_tail(reader, o) > SERD_FAILURE) {
+      ret = SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+    } else {
+      if ((ret = read_PrefixedName(reader, o, false, ate_dot))) {
+        ret = ret > SERD_FAILURE ? ret : SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+        pop_node(reader, o);
+        return r_err(reader, ret, "expected prefixed name\n");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!ret && simple && o) {
+    deref(reader, o)->flags = flags;
+  }
+
+  if (!ret && emit && simple) {
+    ret = emit_statement(reader, *ctx, o, datatype, lang);
+  } else if (!ret && !emit) {
+    ctx->object   = o;
+    ctx->datatype = datatype;
+    ctx->lang     = lang;
+    return SERD_SUCCESS;
+  }
+
+  pop_node(reader, lang);
+  pop_node(reader, datatype);
+  pop_node(reader, o);
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+  assert(reader->stack.size == orig_stack_size);
+#endif
+  return ret;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_objectList(SerdReader* reader, ReadContext ctx, bool* ate_dot)
+{
+  SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  TRY(st, read_object(reader, &ctx, true, ate_dot));
+  if (!fancy_syntax(reader) && peek_delim(reader, ',')) {
+    return r_err(
+      reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "syntax does not support abbreviation\n");
+  }
+
+  while (!*ate_dot && eat_delim(reader, ',')) {
+    st = read_object(reader, &ctx, true, ate_dot);
+  }
+
+  return st;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_predicateObjectList(SerdReader* reader, ReadContext ctx, bool* ate_dot)
+{
+  SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  while (!(st = read_verb(reader, &ctx.predicate)) && read_ws_star(reader) &&
+         !(st = read_objectList(reader, ctx, ate_dot))) {
+    ctx.predicate = pop_node(reader, ctx.predicate);
+    if (*ate_dot) {
+      return SERD_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    bool ate_semi = false;
+    int  c        = 0;
+    do {
+      read_ws_star(reader);
+      switch (c = peek_byte(reader)) {
+      case EOF:
+        return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "unexpected end of file\n");
+      case '.':
+      case ']':
+      case '}':
+        return SERD_SUCCESS;
+      case ';':
+        eat_byte_safe(reader, c);
+        ate_semi = true;
+      }
+    } while (c == ';');
+
+    if (!ate_semi) {
+      return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "missing ';' or '.'\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  ctx.predicate = pop_node(reader, ctx.predicate);
+  return st;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+end_collection(SerdReader* reader,
+               ReadContext ctx,
+               Ref         n1,
+               Ref         n2,
+               SerdStatus  st)
+{
+  pop_node(reader, n2);
+  pop_node(reader, n1);
+  *ctx.flags &= ~(unsigned)SERD_LIST_CONT;
+  if (!st) {
+    return (eat_byte_check(reader, ')') == ')') ? SERD_SUCCESS
+                                                : SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+  }
+
+  return st;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_collection(SerdReader* reader, ReadContext ctx, Ref* dest)
+{
+  SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  eat_byte_safe(reader, '(');
+
+  bool end = peek_delim(reader, ')');
+
+  *dest = end ? reader->rdf_nil : blank_id(reader);
+  if (ctx.subject) {
+    // subject predicate _:head
+    *ctx.flags |= (end ? 0 : SERD_LIST_O_BEGIN);
+    TRY(st, emit_statement(reader, ctx, *dest, 0, 0));
+    *ctx.flags |= SERD_LIST_CONT;
+  } else {
+    *ctx.flags |= (end ? 0 : SERD_LIST_S_BEGIN);
+  }
+
+  if (end) {
+    return end_collection(reader, ctx, 0, 0, st);
+  }
+
+  /* The order of node allocation here is necessarily not in stack order,
+     so we create two nodes and recycle them throughout. */
+  Ref n1   = push_node_padded(reader, genid_size(reader), SERD_BLANK, "", 0);
+  Ref n2   = 0;
+  Ref node = n1;
+  Ref rest = 0;
+
+  ctx.subject = *dest;
+  while (!peek_delim(reader, ')')) {
+    // _:node rdf:first object
+    ctx.predicate = reader->rdf_first;
+    bool ate_dot  = false;
+    if ((st = read_object(reader, &ctx, true, &ate_dot)) || ate_dot) {
+      return end_collection(reader, ctx, n1, n2, st);
+    }
+
+    if (!(end = peek_delim(reader, ')'))) {
+      /* Give rest a new ID.  Done as late as possible to ensure it is
+         used and > IDs generated by read_object above. */
+      if (!rest) {
+        rest = n2 = blank_id(reader); // First pass, push
+      } else {
+        set_blank_id(reader, rest, genid_size(reader));
+      }
+    }
+
+    // _:node rdf:rest _:rest
+    *ctx.flags |= SERD_LIST_CONT;
+    ctx.predicate = reader->rdf_rest;
+    TRY(st, emit_statement(reader, ctx, (end ? reader->rdf_nil : rest), 0, 0));
+
+    ctx.subject = rest;        // _:node = _:rest
+    rest        = node;        // _:rest = (old)_:node
+    node        = ctx.subject; // invariant
+  }
+
+  return end_collection(reader, ctx, n1, n2, st);
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_subject(SerdReader* reader, ReadContext ctx, Ref* dest, int* s_type)
+{
+  SerdStatus st      = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  bool       ate_dot = false;
+  switch ((*s_type = peek_byte(reader))) {
+  case '[':
+    read_anon(reader, ctx, true, dest);
+    break;
+  case '(':
+    st = read_collection(reader, ctx, dest);
+    break;
+  case '_':
+    st = read_BLANK_NODE_LABEL(reader, dest, &ate_dot);
+    break;
+  default:
+    st = read_iri(reader, dest, &ate_dot);
+  }
+
+  if (ate_dot) {
+    pop_node(reader, *dest);
+    return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "subject ends with `.'\n");
+  }
+
+  return st;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_labelOrSubject(SerdReader* reader, Ref* dest)
+{
+  bool ate_dot = false;
+  switch (peek_byte(reader)) {
+  case '[':
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, '[');
+    read_ws_star(reader);
+    if (!eat_byte_check(reader, ']')) {
+      return SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+    }
+    *dest = blank_id(reader);
+    return SERD_SUCCESS;
+  case '_':
+    return read_BLANK_NODE_LABEL(reader, dest, &ate_dot);
+  default:
+    if (!read_iri(reader, dest, &ate_dot)) {
+      return SERD_SUCCESS;
+    } else {
+      return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "expected label or subject\n");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_triples(SerdReader* reader, ReadContext ctx, bool* ate_dot)
+{
+  SerdStatus st = SERD_FAILURE;
+  if (ctx.subject) {
+    read_ws_star(reader);
+    switch (peek_byte(reader)) {
+    case '.':
+      *ate_dot = eat_byte_safe(reader, '.');
+      return SERD_FAILURE;
+    case '}':
+      return SERD_FAILURE;
+    }
+    st = read_predicateObjectList(reader, ctx, ate_dot);
+  }
+
+  ctx.subject = ctx.predicate = 0;
+  return st > SERD_FAILURE ? st : SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_base(SerdReader* reader, bool sparql, bool token)
+{
+  SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  if (token) {
+    TRY(st, eat_string(reader, "base", 4));
+  }
+
+  read_ws_star(reader);
+
+  Ref uri = 0;
+  TRY(st, read_IRIREF(reader, &uri));
+  if (reader->base_sink) {
+    TRY(st, reader->base_sink(reader->handle, deref(reader, uri)));
+  }
+  pop_node(reader, uri);
+
+  read_ws_star(reader);
+  if (!sparql) {
+    return eat_byte_check(reader, '.') ? SERD_SUCCESS : SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+  }
+
+  if (peek_byte(reader) == '.') {
+    return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "full stop after SPARQL BASE\n");
+  }
+
+  return SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_prefixID(SerdReader* reader, bool sparql, bool token)
+{
+  SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  if (token) {
+    TRY(st, eat_string(reader, "prefix", 6));
+  }
+
+  read_ws_star(reader);
+  Ref name = push_node(reader, SERD_LITERAL, "", 0);
+  if ((st = read_PN_PREFIX(reader, name)) > SERD_FAILURE) {
+    return st;
+  }
+
+  if (eat_byte_check(reader, ':') != ':') {
+    pop_node(reader, name);
+    return SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+  }
+
+  read_ws_star(reader);
+  Ref uri = 0;
+  TRY(st, read_IRIREF(reader, &uri));
+
+  if (reader->prefix_sink) {
+    st = reader->prefix_sink(
+      reader->handle, deref(reader, name), deref(reader, uri));
+  }
+
+  pop_node(reader, uri);
+  pop_node(reader, name);
+  if (!sparql) {
+    read_ws_star(reader);
+    st = eat_byte_check(reader, '.') ? SERD_SUCCESS : SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+  }
+
+  return st;
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_directive(SerdReader* reader)
+{
+  const bool sparql = peek_byte(reader) != '@';
+  if (!sparql) {
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, '@');
+    switch (peek_byte(reader)) {
+    case 'B':
+    case 'P':
+      return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "uppercase directive\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  switch (peek_byte(reader)) {
+  case 'B':
+  case 'b':
+    return read_base(reader, sparql, true);
+  case 'P':
+  case 'p':
+    return read_prefixID(reader, sparql, true);
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+
+  return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "invalid directive\n");
+}
+
+static SerdStatus
+read_wrappedGraph(SerdReader* reader, ReadContext* ctx)
+{
+  if (!eat_byte_check(reader, '{')) {
+    return SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+  }
+
+  read_ws_star(reader);
+  while (peek_byte(reader) != '}') {
+    bool ate_dot  = false;
+    int  s_type   = 0;
+    ctx->subject  = 0;
+    SerdStatus st = read_subject(reader, *ctx, &ctx->subject, &s_type);
+    if (st) {
+      return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "bad subject\n");
+    }
+
+    if (read_triples(reader, *ctx, &ate_dot) && s_type != '[') {
+      return r_err(
+        reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "missing predicate object list\n");
+    }
+
+    pop_node(reader, ctx->subject);
+    read_ws_star(reader);
+    if (peek_byte(reader) == '.') {
+      eat_byte_safe(reader, '.');
+    }
+    read_ws_star(reader);
+  }
+
+  eat_byte_safe(reader, '}');
+  read_ws_star(reader);
+  if (peek_byte(reader) == '.') {
+    return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "graph followed by `.'\n");
+  }
+
+  return SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int
+tokcmp(SerdReader* reader, Ref ref, const char* tok, size_t n)
+{
+  SerdNode* node = deref(reader, ref);
+  if (!node || node->n_bytes != n) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  return serd_strncasecmp((const char*)node->buf, tok, n);
+}
+
+SerdStatus
+read_n3_statement(SerdReader* reader)
+{
+  SerdStatementFlags flags   = 0;
+  ReadContext        ctx     = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &flags};
+  bool               ate_dot = false;
+  int                s_type  = 0;
+  SerdStatus         st      = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  read_ws_star(reader);
+  switch (peek_byte(reader)) {
+  case '\0':
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, '\0');
+    return SERD_FAILURE;
+  case EOF:
+    return SERD_FAILURE;
+  case '@':
+    if (!fancy_syntax(reader)) {
+      return r_err(
+        reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "syntax does not support directives\n");
+    }
+    TRY(st, read_directive(reader));
+    read_ws_star(reader);
+    break;
+  case '{':
+    if (reader->syntax == SERD_TRIG) {
+      TRY(st, read_wrappedGraph(reader, &ctx));
+      read_ws_star(reader);
+    } else {
+      return r_err(
+        reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "syntax does not support graphs\n");
+    }
+    break;
+  default:
+    if ((st = read_subject(reader, ctx, &ctx.subject, &s_type)) >
+        SERD_FAILURE) {
+      return st;
+    }
+
+    if (!tokcmp(reader, ctx.subject, "base", 4)) {
+      st = read_base(reader, true, false);
+    } else if (!tokcmp(reader, ctx.subject, "prefix", 6)) {
+      st = read_prefixID(reader, true, false);
+    } else if (!tokcmp(reader, ctx.subject, "graph", 5)) {
+      read_ws_star(reader);
+      TRY(st, read_labelOrSubject(reader, &ctx.graph));
+      read_ws_star(reader);
+      TRY(st, read_wrappedGraph(reader, &ctx));
+      pop_node(reader, ctx.graph);
+      ctx.graph = 0;
+      read_ws_star(reader);
+    } else if (read_ws_star(reader) && peek_byte(reader) == '{') {
+      if (s_type == '(' || (s_type == '[' && !*ctx.flags)) {
+        return r_err(reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "invalid graph name\n");
+      }
+      ctx.graph   = ctx.subject;
+      ctx.subject = 0;
+      TRY(st, read_wrappedGraph(reader, &ctx));
+      pop_node(reader, ctx.graph);
+      read_ws_star(reader);
+    } else if ((st = read_triples(reader, ctx, &ate_dot))) {
+      if (st == SERD_FAILURE && s_type == '[') {
+        return SERD_SUCCESS;
+      }
+
+      if (ate_dot) {
+        return r_err(
+          reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "unexpected end of statement\n");
+      }
+
+      return st > SERD_FAILURE ? st : SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+    } else if (!ate_dot) {
+      read_ws_star(reader);
+      st = (eat_byte_check(reader, '.') == '.') ? SERD_SUCCESS
+                                                : SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return st;
+}
+
+static void
+skip_until(SerdReader* reader, uint8_t byte)
+{
+  for (int c = 0; (c = peek_byte(reader)) && c != byte;) {
+    eat_byte_safe(reader, c);
+  }
+}
+
+SerdStatus
+read_turtleTrigDoc(SerdReader* reader)
+{
+  while (!reader->source.eof) {
+    const SerdStatus st = read_n3_statement(reader);
+    if (st > SERD_FAILURE) {
+      if (reader->strict) {
+        return st;
+      }
+      skip_until(reader, '\n');
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SERD_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+SerdStatus
+read_nquadsDoc(SerdReader* reader)
+{
+  SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS;
+  while (!reader->source.eof) {
+    SerdStatementFlags flags   = 0;
+    ReadContext        ctx     = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &flags};
+    bool               ate_dot = false;
+    int                s_type  = 0;
+    read_ws_star(reader);
+    if (peek_byte(reader) == EOF) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (peek_byte(reader) == '@') {
+      return r_err(
+        reader, SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX, "syntax does not support directives\n");
+    }
+
+    // subject predicate object
+    if ((st = read_subject(reader, ctx, &ctx.subject, &s_type)) ||
+        !read_ws_star(reader) || (st = read_IRIREF(reader, &ctx.predicate)) ||
+        !read_ws_star(reader) ||
+        (st = read_object(reader, &ctx, false, &ate_dot))) {
+      return st;
+    }
+
+    if (!ate_dot) { // graphLabel?
+      read_ws_star(reader);
+      switch (peek_byte(reader)) {
+      case '.':
+        break;
+      case '_':
+        TRY(st, read_BLANK_NODE_LABEL(reader, &ctx.graph, &ate_dot));
+        break;
+      default:
+        TRY(st, read_IRIREF(reader, &ctx.graph));
+      }
+
+      // Terminating '.'
+      read_ws_star(reader);
+      if (!eat_byte_check(reader, '.')) {
+        return SERD_ERR_BAD_SYNTAX;
+      }
+    }
+
+    TRY(st, emit_statement(reader, ctx, ctx.object, ctx.datatype, ctx.lang));
+
+    pop_node(reader, ctx.graph);
+    pop_node(reader, ctx.lang);
+    pop_node(reader, ctx.datatype);
+    pop_node(reader, ctx.object);
+  }
+  return SERD_SUCCESS;
+}