experimental-a2 0.7.0 → 0.8.0

package/dist/store-postgres.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"store-postgres.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/store-postgres.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * experimental-a2/store-postgres — postgres store backend (the production path).\n *\n * Implements the A2Store interface over any client that speaks the tiny\n * `PostgresClient` shape below — a `pg` Pool matches it structurally\n * (and is what `connectionString` creates, lazily; `pg` is an optional\n * peer dependency). The conformance suite in test/conformance is the\n * executable contract, run against PGlite (real Postgres, in-process)\n * and against a real server when `TEST_DATABASE_URL` is set.\n *\n * Semantics mirror the sqlite backend: `index` is stored as `idx`,\n * timestamps are epoch milliseconds written from the injected clock —\n * never SQL `now()` — and `stream()` is a poll loop. (A LISTEN/NOTIFY\n * upgrade can land later without any API change; callers never branch\n * on the transport.) Appends serialize per session via\n * `pg_advisory_xact_lock`, so concurrent writers can't race the index\n * assignment.\n */\n\nimport { A2Error } from './errors.ts'\nimport { idempotentReplay } from './idempotent-replay.ts'\nimport { decodeReturnedEventIds } from './store-codec.ts'\nimport { pollingStream } from './store-polling.ts'\nimport { retryableLazy } from './retryable-lazy.ts'\nimport {\n  RANDOM_IDS,\n  SYSTEM_CLOCK,\n  type A2Store,\n  type Clock,\n  type Event,\n  type EventCause,\n  type IdSource,\n  type StoredEvent,\n  type StoreStateRead,\n} from './store.ts'\n\n/** The result shape this backend reads: just rows. */\nexport type PostgresQueryResult = { rows: Record<string, unknown>[] }\n\n/** One checked-out connection — what transactions run on. */\nexport type PostgresConnection = {\n  query(text: string, values?: unknown[]): Promise<PostgresQueryResult>\n  release(): void\n}\n\n/**\n * The minimal client this backend needs. `pg.Pool` matches it\n * structurally; so does PGlite (which has no `connect` — transactions\n * then serialize on an internal mutex, fine for a single-connection\n * client).\n */\nexport type PostgresClient = {\n  query(text: string, values?: unknown[]): Promise<PostgresQueryResult>\n  connect?(): Promise<PostgresConnection>\n  end?(): Promise<void>\n}\n\nexport type PostgresStoreOptions = {\n  /** Creates a `pg` Pool lazily (requires the optional peer dep `pg`). */\n  connectionString?: string | undefined\n  /** Bring your own client — a `pg` Pool, PGlite, a pooler wrapper. */\n  client?: PostgresClient\n  /** Injectable clock — every stored timestamp comes from here. */\n  clock?: Clock\n  /** Injectable id source for generated event ids. */\n  ids?: IdSource\n}\n\nexport type PostgresStore = A2Store & {\n  /** End the underlying pool/client (when this backend created it, or\n   * the injected client has `end`). */\n  close(): Promise<void>\n}\n\nconst SCHEMA = `\ncreate table if not exists a2_events (\n  session_id   text    not null,\n  idx          bigint  not null,\n  event_type   text    not null,\n  payload      jsonb   not null,\n  event_id     text    not null,\n  created_at   bigint  not null,\n  cause        jsonb,\n  lane         text,\n  lane_ready   boolean not null default false,\n  processed_at bigint,\n  processed_by_attempt integer,\n  returned_event_ids jsonb,\n  first_claimed_at bigint,\n  last_claimed_at bigint,\n  attempt_count integer not null default 0,\n  failure_count integer not null default 0,\n  last_failed_at bigint,\n  last_failed_attempt integer,\n  last_error   text,\n  failed_at    bigint,\n  claim_holder text,\n  claim_expires_at bigint,\n  primary key (session_id, idx)\n);\n\ncreate unique index if not exists a2_events_event_id on a2_events (event_id);\ncreate index if not exists a2_events_unprocessed\n  on a2_events (session_id, idx) where processed_at is null;\ncreate index if not exists a2_events_lane_pending\n  on a2_events (session_id, lane, idx) where processed_at is null;\ncreate index if not exists a2_events_dispatch_ready\n  on a2_events (session_id, idx)\n  where lane_ready and processed_at is null and failed_at is null;\ncreate index if not exists a2_events_claim_expiry\n  on a2_events (session_id, claim_expires_at)\n  where lane_ready and processed_at is null and failed_at is null;\n\ncreate table if not exists a2_snapshots (\n  session_id   text   not null,\n  reducer_name text   not null,\n  up_to_index  bigint not null,\n  state        jsonb  not null,\n  updated_at   bigint not null,\n  primary key (session_id, reducer_name)\n);\n\ncreate table if not exists a2_presence (\n  ns          text   not null,\n  participant text   not null,\n  field       text   not null,\n  value       jsonb  not null,\n  seen        bigint not null,\n  at          bigint not null,\n  expires_at  bigint not null,\n  primary key (ns, participant, field)\n);\n`\n\nconst asNumber = (value: unknown): number => Number(value) // bigint columns arrive as strings\n\nconst toDate = (ms: unknown): Date | null =>\n  ms === null || ms === undefined ? null : new Date(asNumber(ms))\n\nconst toCause = (raw: unknown): EventCause | null => {\n  if (raw === null || raw === undefined) return null\n  const value = (typeof raw === 'string' ? JSON.parse(raw) : raw) as {\n    index?: unknown\n    attempt?: unknown\n    batchSize?: unknown\n  }\n  if (\n    !Number.isInteger(value.index) ||\n    Number(value.index) < 1 ||\n    !Number.isInteger(value.attempt) ||\n    Number(value.attempt) < 1\n  ) {\n    throw new TypeError('stored event has an invalid cause')\n  }\n  if (\n    value.batchSize !== undefined &&\n    (!Number.isInteger(value.batchSize) || Number(value.batchSize) < 1)\n  ) {\n    throw new TypeError('stored event has an invalid cause')\n  }\n  return {\n    index: Number(value.index),\n    attempt: Number(value.attempt),\n    ...(value.batchSize === undefined\n      ? {}\n      : { batchSize: Number(value.batchSize) }),\n  }\n}\n\nconst toStored = (row: Record<string, unknown>): StoredEvent => ({\n  id: row['event_id'] as string,\n  type: row['event_type'] as string,\n  payload: row['payload'],\n  index: asNumber(row['idx']),\n  sessionId: row['session_id'] as string,\n  createdAt: new Date(asNumber(row['created_at'])),\n  cause: toCause(row['cause']),\n  lane: (row['lane'] as string | null) ?? null,\n  processedAt: toDate(row['processed_at']),\n  processedByAttempt:\n    row['processed_by_attempt'] === null ||\n    row['processed_by_attempt'] === undefined\n      ? null\n      : asNumber(row['processed_by_attempt']),\n  returnedEventIds:\n    row['returned_event_ids'] === null ||\n    row['returned_event_ids'] === undefined\n      ? null\n      : decodeReturnedEventIds(row['returned_event_ids']),\n  firstClaimedAt: toDate(row['first_claimed_at']),\n  lastClaimedAt: toDate(row['last_claimed_at']),\n  attemptCount: asNumber(row['attempt_count']),\n  failureCount: asNumber(row['failure_count']),\n  lastFailedAt: toDate(row['last_failed_at']),\n  lastFailedAttempt:\n    row['last_failed_attempt'] === null ||\n    row['last_failed_attempt'] === undefined\n      ? null\n      : asNumber(row['last_failed_attempt']),\n  lastError: (row['last_error'] as string | null) ?? null,\n  failedAt: toDate(row['failed_at']),\n  claimHolder: (row['claim_holder'] as string | null) ?? null,\n  claimExpiresAt: toDate(row['claim_expires_at']),\n})\n\nconst toEvent = (row: Record<string, unknown>): Event => ({\n  id: row['event_id'] as string,\n  type: row['event_type'] as string,\n  payload: row['payload'],\n  index: asNumber(row['idx']),\n  sessionId: row['session_id'] as string,\n  createdAt: new Date(asNumber(row['created_at'])),\n})\n\nconst wrap = async <T>(fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> => {\n  try {\n    return await fn()\n  } catch (err) {\n    if (err instanceof A2Error || err instanceof TypeError) throw err\n    throw new A2Error('STORE_UNAVAILABLE', 'postgres store operation failed', {\n      cause: err,\n    })\n  }\n}\n\nconst jsonb = (value: unknown): string => JSON.stringify(value) ?? 'null'\n\nconst initializeSchema = async (client: PostgresClient): Promise<void> => {\n  if (!client.connect) {\n    await client.query(SCHEMA)\n    return\n  }\n\n  const conn = await client.connect()\n  try {\n    await conn.query('begin')\n    // `if not exists` does not serialize concurrent catalog writes. Every\n    // serverless isolate takes the same transaction-scoped lock before DDL.\n    await conn.query(\n      \"select pg_advisory_xact_lock(hashtext('a2:postgres:schema'))\",\n    )\n    await conn.query(SCHEMA)\n    await conn.query('commit')\n  } catch (err) {\n    await conn.query('rollback').catch(() => {})\n    throw err\n  } finally {\n    conn.release()\n  }\n}\n\nexport function postgres(options: PostgresStoreOptions = {}): PostgresStore {\n  const clock = options.clock ?? SYSTEM_CLOCK\n  const generateId = options.ids ?? RANDOM_IDS\n\n  if (!options.client && !options.connectionString) {\n    throw new TypeError(\n      'postgres() needs a connectionString or an injected client',\n    )\n  }\n\n  // Lazy init: the first operation creates the client (dynamic import\n  // of the optional peer dep `pg`) and the schema. Constructing the\n  // backend does no I/O — same contract as every other adapter.\n  const connection = retryableLazy(async () => {\n    let owned: PostgresClient | null = null\n    try {\n      let c = options.client\n      if (!c) {\n        const pg = await import('pg').catch(() => {\n          throw new A2Error(\n            'STORE_NOT_CONFIGURED',\n            \"experimental-a2/store-postgres with a connectionString needs the 'pg' package (optional peer dependency) — install it, or inject a client\",\n          )\n        })\n        c = new pg.default.Pool({\n          connectionString: options.connectionString,\n        }) as unknown as PostgresClient\n        owned = c\n      }\n      await initializeSchema(c)\n      return c\n    } catch (err) {\n      if (owned?.end) await owned.end().catch(() => {})\n      throw err\n    }\n  })\n  const client = connection.get\n\n  // Transactions run on one connection. Pools check one out; a\n  // single-connection client (PGlite) serializes on this mutex instead.\n  let mutex: Promise<unknown> = Promise.resolve()\n  const withTx = async <T>(\n    fn: (query: PostgresConnection['query']) => Promise<T>,\n  ): Promise<T> => {\n    const c = await client()\n    if (c.connect) {\n      const conn = await c.connect()\n      try {\n        await conn.query('begin')\n        const result = await fn((text, values) => conn.query(text, values))\n        await conn.query('commit')\n        return result\n      } catch (err) {\n        await conn.query('rollback').catch(() => {})\n        throw err\n      } finally {\n        conn.release()\n      }\n    }\n    const run = mutex.then(async () => {\n      await c.query('begin')\n      try {\n        const result = await fn((text, values) => c.query(text, values))\n        await c.query('commit')\n        return result\n      } catch (err) {\n        await c.query('rollback').catch(() => {})\n        throw err\n      }\n    })\n    mutex = run.catch(() => {})\n    return run\n  }\n\n  return {\n    async append(sessionId, events) {\n      if (events.length === 0) {\n        return wrap(async () => {\n          const c = await client()\n          const { rows } = await c.query(\n            `select exists(\n               select 1 from a2_events\n               where session_id = $1 and processed_at is null\n             ) as has_pending`,\n            [sessionId],\n          )\n          return {\n            events: [],\n            hasPending: rows[0]?.['has_pending'] === true,\n          }\n        })\n      }\n      return wrap(() =>\n        withTx(async (query) => {\n          // Serialize appends per session — index assignment must not\n          // race across writers. Transaction-scoped, self-releasing.\n          await query('select pg_advisory_xact_lock(hashtext($1))', [sessionId])\n\n          const supplied = events.filter((e) => e.id !== undefined)\n          const suppliedIds = supplied.map((e) => e.id as string)\n          if (new Set(suppliedIds).size !== suppliedIds.length) {\n            throw new A2Error(\n              'PARTIAL_DUPLICATE_BATCH',\n              'batch contains the same event id more than once',\n            )\n          }\n          if (suppliedIds.length > 0) {\n            const { rows: existing } = await query(\n              `select stored.*,\n                      exists(\n                        select 1 from a2_events pending\n                        where pending.session_id = $2\n                          and pending.processed_at is null\n                      ) as session_has_pending\n                 from a2_events stored\n                where stored.event_id = any($1)\n                order by stored.idx`,\n              [suppliedIds, sessionId],\n            )\n            if (existing.length > 0) {\n              const foreign = existing.find(\n                (row) => row['session_id'] !== sessionId,\n              )\n              if (foreign) {\n                throw new A2Error(\n                  'PARTIAL_DUPLICATE_BATCH',\n                  `event id '${String(foreign['event_id'])}' already exists in another session`,\n                )\n              }\n              if (existing.length === events.length) {\n                return {\n                  events: idempotentReplay(events, existing.map(toStored)),\n                  hasPending: existing[0]?.['session_has_pending'] === true,\n                }\n              }\n              throw new A2Error(\n                'PARTIAL_DUPLICATE_BATCH',\n                `batch mixes ${existing.length} already-appended and ${events.length - existing.length} fresh events`,\n              )\n            }\n          }\n\n          // Attempt-currency fence: a fresh handler append commits only\n          // while its causal attempt is still the parent's latest\n          // (store.ts `append`). `for update` serializes this read against\n          // a concurrent `claimAvailable` — an unlocked read admits write\n          // skew.\n          const causeIndexes = [\n            ...new Set(\n              events\n                .filter((e) => e.cause !== undefined)\n                .map((e) => e.cause!.index),\n            ),\n          ]\n          if (causeIndexes.length > 0) {\n            const { rows: parents } = await query(\n              `select idx, attempt_count, failed_at from a2_events\n                where session_id = $1 and idx = any($2::bigint[])\n                for update`,\n              [sessionId, causeIndexes],\n            )\n            const byIndex = new Map(\n              parents.map((row) => [asNumber(row['idx']), row]),\n            )\n            for (const e of events) {\n              if (!e.cause) continue\n              const parent = byIndex.get(e.cause.index)\n              if (!parent) {\n                throw new TypeError(\n                  `no event at index ${e.cause.index} in session '${sessionId}'`,\n                )\n              }\n              if (\n                asNumber(parent['attempt_count']) !== e.cause.attempt ||\n                parent['failed_at'] !== null\n              ) {\n                throw new A2Error(\n                  'SUPERSEDED_ATTEMPT',\n                  `attempt ${e.cause.attempt} no longer owns event ${e.cause.index} in session '${sessionId}'`,\n                )\n              }\n            }\n          }\n\n          const { rows: maxRows } = await query(\n            `select coalesce(max(idx), 0) as max,\n                    exists(\n                      select 1 from a2_events pending\n                      where pending.session_id = $1\n                        and pending.processed_at is null\n                    ) as session_has_pending\n               from a2_events\n              where session_id = $1`,\n            [sessionId],\n          )\n          const base = asNumber(maxRows[0]?.['max'])\n          const now = clock.now().getTime()\n          const inserted: StoredEvent[] = []\n          for (let i = 0; i < events.length; i += 1) {\n            const e = events[i]!\n            const id = e.id ?? generateId()\n            const index = base + 1 + i\n            // oxlint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop -- one tx, ordered inserts\n            await query(\n              `insert into a2_events\n                 (session_id, idx, event_type, payload, event_id, created_at,\n                  cause, lane, lane_ready, processed_at)\n               values (\n                 $1, $2, $3, $4::jsonb, $5, $6, $7::jsonb, $8,\n                 $8::text is null or not exists (\n                   select 1 from a2_events\n                    where session_id = $1 and lane = $8 and processed_at is null\n                 ),\n                 $9\n               )`,\n              [\n                sessionId,\n                index,\n                e.type,\n                jsonb(e.payload),\n                id,\n                now,\n                e.cause ? jsonb(e.cause) : null,\n                e.lane ?? null,\n                e.settled ? now : null,\n              ],\n            )\n            inserted.push({\n              id,\n              type: e.type,\n              payload: structuredClone(e.payload),\n              index,\n              sessionId,\n              createdAt: new Date(now),\n              cause: e.cause ? { ...e.cause } : null,\n              lane: e.lane ?? null,\n              processedAt: e.settled ? new Date(now) : null,\n              processedByAttempt: null,\n              returnedEventIds: null,\n              firstClaimedAt: null,\n              lastClaimedAt: null,\n              attemptCount: 0,\n              failureCount: 0,\n              lastFailedAt: null,\n              lastFailedAttempt: null,\n              lastError: null,\n              failedAt: null,\n              claimHolder: null,\n              claimExpiresAt: null,\n            })\n          }\n          return {\n            events: inserted,\n            hasPending:\n              maxRows[0]?.['session_has_pending'] === true ||\n              events.some((event) => event.settled !== true),\n          }\n        }),\n      )\n    },\n\n    async read(sessionId, opts) {\n      return wrap(async () => {\n        const c = await client()\n        const conditions = ['session_id = $1']\n        const params: unknown[] = [sessionId]\n        if (opts?.afterIndex !== undefined) {\n          params.push(opts.afterIndex)\n          conditions.push(`idx > $${params.length}`)\n        }\n        if (opts?.throughIndex !== undefined) {\n          params.push(opts.throughIndex)\n          conditions.push(`idx <= $${params.length}`)\n        }\n        const { rows } = await c.query(\n          `select * from a2_events where ${conditions.join(' and ')} order by idx`,\n          params,\n        )\n        return rows.map(toStored)\n      })\n    },\n\n    async claimAvailable({\n      sessionId,\n      holder,\n      ttlMs,\n      expiresAtMs,\n      excludeIndexes = [],\n    }) {\n      return wrap(() =>\n        withTx(async (query) => {\n          const now = clock.now().getTime()\n          const expiresAt = expiresAtMs ?? now + ttlMs\n          const { rows } = await query(\n            `with eligible as materialized (\n               select event.idx\n                 from a2_events event\n                where event.session_id = $1\n                  and event.processed_at is null\n                  and event.failed_at is null\n                  and event.lane_ready\n                  and (event.claim_expires_at is null or event.claim_expires_at <= $2)\n                  and not (event.idx = any($5::bigint[]))\n                for update of event\n             )\n             update a2_events claimed set\n               attempt_count = claimed.attempt_count + 1,\n               first_claimed_at = coalesce(claimed.first_claimed_at, $2),\n               last_claimed_at = $2,\n               claim_holder = $3,\n               claim_expires_at = $4\n             from eligible\n             where claimed.session_id = $1 and claimed.idx = eligible.idx\n             returning claimed.*`,\n            [sessionId, now, holder, expiresAt, [...excludeIndexes]],\n          )\n          if (rows.length > 0) {\n            const events = rows\n              .map(toStored)\n              .toSorted((a, b) => a.index - b.index)\n            return { outcome: 'claimed', events }\n          }\n          const { rows: activeRows } = await query(\n            `select min(claim_expires_at) as retry_at\n               from a2_events\n              where session_id = $1\n                and processed_at is null\n                and failed_at is null\n                and lane_ready\n                and claim_expires_at > $2`,\n            [sessionId, now],\n          )\n          const retryAt = activeRows[0]?.['retry_at']\n          return retryAt === null || retryAt === undefined\n            ? { outcome: 'settled' }\n            : { outcome: 'busy', retryAt: new Date(asNumber(retryAt)) }\n        }),\n      )\n    },\n\n    async renewClaims({ sessionId, holder, claims, ttlMs, expiresAtMs }) {\n      if (claims.length === 0) return { renewed: [], superseded: [] }\n      return wrap(async () => {\n        const c = await client()\n        const now = clock.now().getTime()\n        const expiresAt = expiresAtMs ?? now + ttlMs\n        const indexes = claims.map((claim) => claim.index)\n        const attempts = new Map(\n          claims.map((claim) => [claim.index, claim.attempt]),\n        )\n        const { rows } = await c.query(\n          `with listed as (\n             select idx, attempt\n               from unnest($3::bigint[], $6::int[]) as listed(idx, attempt)\n           ),\n           renewed as (\n             update a2_events event set claim_expires_at = $1\n               from listed\n              where event.session_id = $2\n                and event.idx = listed.idx\n                and event.attempt_count = listed.attempt\n                and event.processed_at is null\n                and event.failed_at is null\n                and event.claim_holder = $4\n                and event.claim_expires_at > $5\n              returning event.idx\n           )\n           select event.idx, event.attempt_count,\n                  exists(select 1 from renewed where renewed.idx = event.idx)\n                    as renewed\n             from a2_events event\n            where event.session_id = $2 and event.idx = any($3::bigint[])`,\n          [\n            expiresAt,\n            sessionId,\n            indexes,\n            holder,\n            now,\n            claims.map((claim) => claim.attempt),\n          ],\n        )\n        const renewed: number[] = []\n        const superseded: number[] = []\n        for (const row of rows) {\n          const index = asNumber(row['idx'])\n          if (row['renewed'] === true) renewed.push(index)\n          else if (\n            asNumber(row['attempt_count']) > (attempts.get(index) ?? 0)\n          ) {\n            superseded.push(index)\n          }\n        }\n        return {\n          renewed: renewed.toSorted((a, b) => a - b),\n          superseded: superseded.toSorted((a, b) => a - b),\n        }\n      })\n    },\n\n    async completeAttempt({ sessionId, index, attempt, events }) {\n      return wrap(() =>\n        withTx(async (query) => {\n          const { rows: parentRows } = await query(\n            `select * from a2_events\n              where session_id = $1 and idx = $2\n              for update`,\n            [sessionId, index],\n          )\n          const parent = parentRows[0]\n          if (!parent) {\n            throw new TypeError(\n              `no event at index ${index} in session '${sessionId}'`,\n            )\n          }\n          const ids = events.map((event) => event.id)\n          if (new Set(ids).size !== ids.length) {\n            throw new A2Error(\n              'PARTIAL_DUPLICATE_BATCH',\n              'returned event batch contains the same event id more than once',\n            )\n          }\n          if (parent['processed_at'] !== null) {\n            if (asNumber(parent['processed_by_attempt']) !== attempt) {\n              return { outcome: 'superseded' }\n            }\n            const returnedIds =\n              parent['returned_event_ids'] === null ||\n              parent['returned_event_ids'] === undefined\n                ? null\n                : decodeReturnedEventIds(parent['returned_event_ids'])\n            if (\n              returnedIds === null ||\n              returnedIds.length !== ids.length ||\n              returnedIds.some((id, offset) => id !== ids[offset])\n            ) {\n              throw new A2Error(\n                'PARTIAL_DUPLICATE_BATCH',\n                'completed attempt does not match the returned event batch',\n              )\n            }\n            if (events.length === 0) {\n              return { outcome: 'completed', events: [] }\n            }\n            const { rows: existing } = await query(\n              `select * from a2_events\n                where event_id = any($1::text[])`,\n              [ids],\n            )\n            const byId = new Map(\n              existing.map((row) => [row['event_id'] as string, row]),\n            )\n            const ordered = ids.map((id) => byId.get(id))\n            if (\n              ordered.some((row) => {\n                const cause = row ? toCause(row['cause']) : null\n                return (\n                  !row ||\n                  row['session_id'] !== sessionId ||\n                  cause?.index !== index ||\n                  cause.attempt !== attempt\n                )\n              })\n            ) {\n              throw new A2Error(\n                'PARTIAL_DUPLICATE_BATCH',\n                'returned event retry does not match the committed batch',\n              )\n            }\n            return {\n              outcome: 'completed',\n              events: idempotentReplay(\n                events,\n                (ordered as Record<string, unknown>[]).map(toStored),\n              ),\n            }\n          }\n          if (\n            asNumber(parent['attempt_count']) !== attempt ||\n            parent['claim_holder'] === null ||\n            parent['claim_holder'] === undefined ||\n            parent['failed_at'] !== null\n          ) {\n            return { outcome: 'superseded' }\n          }\n\n          await query('select pg_advisory_xact_lock(hashtext($1))', [sessionId])\n          if (ids.length > 0) {\n            const { rows: existing } = await query(\n              'select event_id from a2_events where event_id = any($1::text[])',\n              [ids],\n            )\n            if (existing.length > 0) {\n              throw new A2Error(\n                'PARTIAL_DUPLICATE_BATCH',\n                'returned event batch contains an already-appended event id',\n              )\n            }\n          }\n\n          const { rows: maxRows } = await query(\n            'select coalesce(max(idx), 0) as max from a2_events where session_id = $1',\n            [sessionId],\n          )\n          const base = asNumber(maxRows[0]?.['max'])\n          const now = clock.now().getTime()\n          const inserted: StoredEvent[] = []\n          for (let offset = 0; offset < events.length; offset += 1) {\n            const event = events[offset]!\n            const childIndex = base + offset + 1\n            // oxlint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop -- one tx, ordered inserts\n            const { rows } = await query(\n              `insert into a2_events\n                 (session_id, idx, event_type, payload, event_id, created_at,\n                  cause, lane, lane_ready, processed_at)\n               values (\n                 $1, $2, $3, $4::jsonb, $5, $6, $7::jsonb, $8,\n                 $8::text is null or not exists (\n                   select 1 from a2_events\n                    where session_id = $1 and lane = $8 and processed_at is null\n                 ),\n                 $9\n               )\n               returning *`,\n              [\n                sessionId,\n                childIndex,\n                event.type,\n                jsonb(event.payload),\n                event.id,\n                now,\n                jsonb({ index, attempt }),\n                event.lane ?? null,\n                event.settled ? now : null,\n              ],\n            )\n            inserted.push(toStored(rows[0]!))\n          }\n          await query(\n            `update a2_events set\n               processed_at = $1,\n               processed_by_attempt = $2,\n               returned_event_ids = $5::jsonb,\n               lane_ready = false,\n               claim_holder = null,\n               claim_expires_at = null\n             where session_id = $3 and idx = $4`,\n            [now, attempt, sessionId, index, jsonb(ids)],\n          )\n          const parentLane = (parent['lane'] as string | null) ?? null\n          if (parentLane !== null) {\n            await query(\n              `update a2_events set lane_ready = true\n                where session_id = $1\n                  and idx = (\n                    select idx from a2_events\n                     where session_id = $1 and lane = $2 and processed_at is null\n                     order by idx limit 1\n                  )`,\n              [sessionId, parentLane],\n            )\n          }\n          return { outcome: 'completed', events: inserted }\n        }),\n      )\n    },\n\n    async failAttempt({ sessionId, index, attempt, error, maxFailures }) {\n      return wrap(async () => {\n        const c = await client()\n        const { rows } = await c.query(\n          `with current as materialized (\n             select e.* from a2_events e\n             where e.session_id = $1 and e.idx = $2\n             for update of e\n           ), updated as (\n             update a2_events e set\n               failure_count = e.failure_count + 1,\n               last_error = $4,\n               last_failed_at = $6,\n               last_failed_attempt = $3,\n               failed_at = case\n                 when e.failure_count + 1 >= $5 then $6\n                 else e.failed_at\n               end,\n               claim_holder = null,\n               claim_expires_at = null\n             from current\n             where e.session_id = $1\n               and e.idx = $2\n               and current.processed_at is null\n               and current.failed_at is null\n               and current.attempt_count = $3\n               and current.claim_holder is not null\n             returning e.failure_count, e.failed_at\n           )\n           select case\n             when not exists (select 1 from current) then 'missing'\n             when exists (\n               select 1 from updated where failed_at is not null\n             ) then 'dead_lettered'\n             when exists (select 1 from updated) then 'failed'\n             when exists (\n               select 1 from current\n               where processed_at is not null or attempt_count <> $3\n             ) then 'superseded'\n             when exists (\n               select 1 from current where failed_at is not null\n             ) then 'dead_lettered'\n             when exists (\n               select 1 from current\n                where claim_holder is null and last_failed_attempt = $3\n             ) then 'failed'\n             else 'superseded'\n           end as outcome,\n           coalesce(\n             (select failure_count from updated),\n             (select failure_count from current)\n           ) as failure_count`,\n          [\n            sessionId,\n            index,\n            attempt,\n            error,\n            maxFailures,\n            clock.now().getTime(),\n          ],\n        )\n        const row = rows[0]\n        if (!row || row['outcome'] === 'missing') {\n          throw new TypeError(\n            `no event at index ${index} in session '${sessionId}'`,\n          )\n        }\n        return {\n          outcome: row['outcome'] as 'failed' | 'dead_lettered' | 'superseded',\n          failureCount: asNumber(row['failure_count']),\n        }\n      })\n    },\n\n    async readState(sessionId, reducerName) {\n      return wrap(async () => {\n        const c = await client()\n        const { rows } = await c.query(\n          `with snapshot as materialized (\n             select up_to_index, state\n             from a2_snapshots\n             where session_id = $1 and reducer_name = $2\n           )\n           select 0 as row_order, 'snapshot' as row_kind,\n                  snapshot.up_to_index as snapshot_index,\n                  snapshot.state as snapshot_state,\n                  null::text as session_id, null::bigint as idx,\n                  null::text as event_type, null::jsonb as payload,\n                  null::text as event_id, null::bigint as created_at\n           from snapshot\n           union all\n           select 1 as row_order, 'event' as row_kind,\n                  null::bigint as snapshot_index,\n                  null::jsonb as snapshot_state,\n                  event.session_id, event.idx, event.event_type,\n                  event.payload, event.event_id, event.created_at\n           from a2_events event\n           where event.session_id = $1\n             and event.idx > coalesce((select up_to_index from snapshot), 0)\n           order by row_order, idx`,\n          [sessionId, reducerName],\n        )\n        const snapshot = rows.find((row) => row['row_kind'] === 'snapshot')\n        return {\n          snapshot: snapshot\n            ? {\n                index: asNumber(snapshot['snapshot_index']),\n                state: snapshot['snapshot_state'],\n              }\n            : null,\n          events: rows\n            .filter((row) => row['row_kind'] === 'event')\n            .map(toEvent),\n        }\n      })\n    },\n\n    async readStates(sessionIds, reducerName) {\n      if (sessionIds.length === 0) return []\n      return wrap(async () => {\n        const c = await client()\n        // One statement, one MVCC snapshot — each session's tail is\n        // bounded by the same snapshot row the read returns.\n        const { rows } = await c.query(\n          `with snapshot as materialized (\n             select session_id, up_to_index, state\n             from a2_snapshots\n             where session_id = any($1::text[]) and reducer_name = $2\n           )\n           select 0 as row_order, 'snapshot' as row_kind,\n                  snapshot.session_id,\n                  snapshot.up_to_index as snapshot_index,\n                  snapshot.state as snapshot_state,\n                  null::bigint as idx, null::text as event_type,\n                  null::jsonb as payload, null::text as event_id,\n                  null::bigint as created_at\n           from snapshot\n           union all\n           select 1 as row_order, 'event' as row_kind,\n                  event.session_id,\n                  null::bigint as snapshot_index,\n                  null::jsonb as snapshot_state,\n                  event.idx, event.event_type, event.payload,\n                  event.event_id, event.created_at\n           from a2_events event\n           left join snapshot on snapshot.session_id = event.session_id\n           where event.session_id = any($1::text[])\n             and event.idx > coalesce(snapshot.up_to_index, 0)\n           order by row_order, session_id, idx`,\n          [sessionIds, reducerName],\n        )\n        const bySession = new Map<string, StoreStateRead>()\n        const readOf = (sessionId: string): StoreStateRead => {\n          let read = bySession.get(sessionId)\n          if (!read) {\n            read = { snapshot: null, events: [] }\n            bySession.set(sessionId, read)\n          }\n          return read\n        }\n        for (const row of rows) {\n          const read = readOf(row['session_id'] as string)\n          if (row['row_kind'] === 'snapshot') {\n            read.snapshot = {\n              index: asNumber(row['snapshot_index']),\n              state: row['snapshot_state'],\n            }\n          } else {\n            read.events.push(toEvent(row))\n          }\n        }\n        return sessionIds.map(\n          (sessionId) =>\n            bySession.get(sessionId) ?? { snapshot: null, events: [] },\n        )\n      })\n    },\n\n    async putSnapshot(sessionId, reducerName, index, state) {\n      await wrap(async () => {\n        const c = await client()\n        // Guarded upsert: a slower concurrent writer must never clobber\n        // a further-along snapshot (spec §3).\n        await c.query(\n          `insert into a2_snapshots (session_id, reducer_name, up_to_index, state, updated_at)\n           values ($1, $2, $3, $4::jsonb, $5)\n           on conflict (session_id, reducer_name) do update set\n             up_to_index = excluded.up_to_index,\n             state = excluded.state,\n             updated_at = excluded.updated_at\n           where excluded.up_to_index > a2_snapshots.up_to_index`,\n          [sessionId, reducerName, index, jsonb(state), clock.now().getTime()],\n        )\n      })\n    },\n\n    presence: {\n      async set(ns, participant, values, meta) {\n        const entries = Object.entries(values)\n        if (entries.length === 0) return\n        await wrap(async () => {\n          const c = await client()\n          const atMs = meta.at.getTime()\n          // Expiry anchors on the storage clock — the sender's `at`\n          // orders writes but never anchors their lifetime.\n          const expiresAtMs = clock.now().getTime() + meta.ttlMs\n          for (const [field, value] of entries) {\n            // Field-wise LWW: a stored row with a strictly newer `at`\n            // survives; ties go to the incoming write (memory parity).\n            // oxlint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop -- independent per-field registers\n            await (value === null\n              ? c.query(\n                  `delete from a2_presence\n                    where ns = $1 and participant = $2 and field = $3\n                      and at <= $4`,\n                  [ns, participant, field, atMs],\n                )\n              : c.query(\n                  `insert into a2_presence\n                     (ns, participant, field, value, seen, at, expires_at)\n                   values ($1, $2, $3, $4::jsonb, $5, $6, $7)\n                   on conflict (ns, participant, field) do update set\n                     value = excluded.value,\n                     seen = excluded.seen,\n                     at = excluded.at,\n                     expires_at = excluded.expires_at\n                   where a2_presence.at <= excluded.at`,\n                  [\n                    ns,\n                    participant,\n                    field,\n                    jsonb(value),\n                    meta.seen,\n                    atMs,\n                    expiresAtMs,\n                  ],\n                ))\n          }\n        })\n      },\n\n      async read(ns) {\n        return wrap(async () => {\n          const c = await client()\n          const now = clock.now().getTime()\n          // Sweep and read share one statement (one snapshot): the\n          // delete is opportunistic cleanup; the filter alone keeps\n          // expired rows out of this result.\n          const { rows } = await c.query(\n            `with swept as (\n               delete from a2_presence\n                where ns = $1 and expires_at <= $2\n             )\n             select participant, field, value, seen, at, expires_at\n               from a2_presence\n              where ns = $1 and expires_at > $2\n              order by participant, field`,\n            [ns, now],\n          )\n          return rows.map((row) => ({\n            participant: row['participant'] as string,\n            field: row['field'] as string,\n            value: row['value'],\n            seen: asNumber(row['seen']),\n            at: new Date(asNumber(row['at'])),\n            expiresAt: new Date(asNumber(row['expires_at'])),\n          }))\n        })\n      },\n    },\n\n    stream(sessionId, opts) {\n      const readAfter = (afterIndex: number): Promise<StoredEvent[]> =>\n        wrap(async () => {\n          const c = await client()\n          const { rows } = await c.query(\n            'select * from a2_events where session_id = $1 and idx > $2 order by idx',\n            [sessionId, afterIndex],\n          )\n          return rows.map(toStored)\n        })\n      return pollingStream(\n        readAfter,\n        opts?.startAfter !== undefined ? { startAfter: opts.startAfter } : {},\n      )\n    },\n\n    async close() {\n      const current = connection.peek()\n      if (!current) return\n      const c = await current\n      await c.end?.()\n    },\n  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+{"version":3,"file":"store-postgres.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/store-postgres.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * experimental-a2/store-postgres — postgres store backend (the production path).\n *\n * Implements the A2Store interface over any client that speaks the tiny\n * `PostgresClient` shape below — a `pg` Pool matches it structurally\n * (and is what `connectionString` creates, lazily; `pg` is an optional\n * peer dependency). The conformance suite in test/conformance is the\n * executable contract, run against PGlite (real Postgres, in-process)\n * and against a real server when `TEST_DATABASE_URL` is set.\n *\n * Semantics mirror the sqlite backend: `index` is stored as `idx`,\n * timestamps are epoch milliseconds written from the injected clock —\n * never SQL `now()` — and `stream()` is a poll loop. (A LISTEN/NOTIFY\n * upgrade can land later without any API change; callers never branch\n * on the transport.) Appends serialize per session via\n * `pg_advisory_xact_lock`, so concurrent writers can't race the index\n * assignment.\n */\n\nimport { A2Error } from './errors.ts'\nimport { idempotentReplay } from './idempotent-replay.ts'\nimport { decodeReturnedEventIds } from './store-codec.ts'\nimport { pollingStream } from './store-polling.ts'\nimport { retryableLazy } from './retryable-lazy.ts'\nimport {\n  RANDOM_IDS,\n  SYSTEM_CLOCK,\n  type A2Store,\n  type Clock,\n  type Event,\n  type EventCause,\n  type IdSource,\n  type StoredEvent,\n  type StoreStateReadRequest,\n  type StoreStateRead,\n} from './store.ts'\n\n/** The result shape this backend reads: just rows. */\nexport type PostgresQueryResult = { rows: Record<string, unknown>[] }\n\n/** One checked-out connection — what transactions run on. */\nexport type PostgresConnection = {\n  query(text: string, values?: unknown[]): Promise<PostgresQueryResult>\n  release(): void\n}\n\n/**\n * The minimal client this backend needs. `pg.Pool` matches it\n * structurally; so does PGlite (which has no `connect` — transactions\n * then serialize on an internal mutex, fine for a single-connection\n * client).\n */\nexport type PostgresClient = {\n  query(text: string, values?: unknown[]): Promise<PostgresQueryResult>\n  connect?(): Promise<PostgresConnection>\n  end?(): Promise<void>\n}\n\nexport type PostgresStoreOptions = {\n  /** Creates a `pg` Pool lazily (requires the optional peer dep `pg`). */\n  connectionString?: string | undefined\n  /** Bring your own client — a `pg` Pool, PGlite, a pooler wrapper. */\n  client?: PostgresClient\n  /** Injectable clock — every stored timestamp comes from here. */\n  clock?: Clock\n  /** Injectable id source for generated event ids. */\n  ids?: IdSource\n}\n\nexport type PostgresStore = A2Store & {\n  /** End the underlying pool/client (when this backend created it, or\n   * the injected client has `end`). */\n  close(): Promise<void>\n}\n\nconst SCHEMA = `\ncreate table if not exists a2_events (\n  session_id   text    not null,\n  idx          bigint  not null,\n  event_type   text    not null,\n  payload      jsonb   not null,\n  event_id     text    not null,\n  created_at   bigint  not null,\n  cause        jsonb,\n  lane         text,\n  lane_ready   boolean not null default false,\n  processed_at bigint,\n  processed_by_attempt integer,\n  returned_event_ids jsonb,\n  first_claimed_at bigint,\n  last_claimed_at bigint,\n  attempt_count integer not null default 0,\n  failure_count integer not null default 0,\n  last_failed_at bigint,\n  last_failed_attempt integer,\n  last_error   text,\n  failed_at    bigint,\n  claim_holder text,\n  claim_expires_at bigint,\n  primary key (session_id, idx)\n);\n\ncreate unique index if not exists a2_events_event_id on a2_events (event_id);\ncreate index if not exists a2_events_unprocessed\n  on a2_events (session_id, idx) where processed_at is null;\ncreate index if not exists a2_events_lane_pending\n  on a2_events (session_id, lane, idx) where processed_at is null;\ncreate index if not exists a2_events_dispatch_ready\n  on a2_events (session_id, idx)\n  where lane_ready and processed_at is null and failed_at is null;\ncreate index if not exists a2_events_claim_expiry\n  on a2_events (session_id, claim_expires_at)\n  where lane_ready and processed_at is null and failed_at is null;\n\ncreate table if not exists a2_snapshots (\n  session_id   text   not null,\n  reducer_name text   not null,\n  up_to_index  bigint not null,\n  state        jsonb  not null,\n  updated_at   bigint not null,\n  primary key (session_id, reducer_name)\n);\n\ncreate table if not exists a2_snapshot_history (\n  session_id   text   not null,\n  reducer_name text   not null,\n  up_to_index  bigint not null,\n  state        jsonb  not null,\n  updated_at   bigint not null,\n  primary key (session_id, reducer_name, up_to_index)\n);\n\ncreate table if not exists a2_snapshot_pins (\n  session_id   text   not null,\n  event_index  bigint not null,\n  reducer_name text   not null,\n  up_to_index  bigint not null,\n  primary key (session_id, event_index, reducer_name, up_to_index)\n);\n\ncreate index if not exists a2_snapshot_pins_checkpoint\n  on a2_snapshot_pins (session_id, reducer_name, up_to_index);\n\ncreate table if not exists a2_presence (\n  ns          text   not null,\n  participant text   not null,\n  field       text   not null,\n  value       jsonb  not null,\n  seen        bigint not null,\n  at          bigint not null,\n  expires_at  bigint not null,\n  primary key (ns, participant, field)\n);\n`\n\nconst asNumber = (value: unknown): number => Number(value) // bigint columns arrive as strings\n\nconst toDate = (ms: unknown): Date | null =>\n  ms === null || ms === undefined ? null : new Date(asNumber(ms))\n\nconst toCause = (raw: unknown): EventCause | null => {\n  if (raw === null || raw === undefined) return null\n  const value = (typeof raw === 'string' ? JSON.parse(raw) : raw) as {\n    index?: unknown\n    attempt?: unknown\n    batchSize?: unknown\n  }\n  if (\n    !Number.isInteger(value.index) ||\n    Number(value.index) < 1 ||\n    !Number.isInteger(value.attempt) ||\n    Number(value.attempt) < 1\n  ) {\n    throw new TypeError('stored event has an invalid cause')\n  }\n  if (\n    value.batchSize !== undefined &&\n    (!Number.isInteger(value.batchSize) || Number(value.batchSize) < 1)\n  ) {\n    throw new TypeError('stored event has an invalid cause')\n  }\n  return {\n    index: Number(value.index),\n    attempt: Number(value.attempt),\n    ...(value.batchSize === undefined\n      ? {}\n      : { batchSize: Number(value.batchSize) }),\n  }\n}\n\nconst toStored = (row: Record<string, unknown>): StoredEvent => ({\n  id: row['event_id'] as string,\n  type: row['event_type'] as string,\n  payload: row['payload'],\n  index: asNumber(row['idx']),\n  sessionId: row['session_id'] as string,\n  createdAt: new Date(asNumber(row['created_at'])),\n  cause: toCause(row['cause']),\n  lane: (row['lane'] as string | null) ?? null,\n  processedAt: toDate(row['processed_at']),\n  processedByAttempt:\n    row['processed_by_attempt'] === null ||\n    row['processed_by_attempt'] === undefined\n      ? null\n      : asNumber(row['processed_by_attempt']),\n  returnedEventIds:\n    row['returned_event_ids'] === null ||\n    row['returned_event_ids'] === undefined\n      ? null\n      : decodeReturnedEventIds(row['returned_event_ids']),\n  firstClaimedAt: toDate(row['first_claimed_at']),\n  lastClaimedAt: toDate(row['last_claimed_at']),\n  attemptCount: asNumber(row['attempt_count']),\n  failureCount: asNumber(row['failure_count']),\n  lastFailedAt: toDate(row['last_failed_at']),\n  lastFailedAttempt:\n    row['last_failed_attempt'] === null ||\n    row['last_failed_attempt'] === undefined\n      ? null\n      : asNumber(row['last_failed_attempt']),\n  lastError: (row['last_error'] as string | null) ?? null,\n  failedAt: toDate(row['failed_at']),\n  claimHolder: (row['claim_holder'] as string | null) ?? null,\n  claimExpiresAt: toDate(row['claim_expires_at']),\n})\n\nconst toEvent = (row: Record<string, unknown>): Event => ({\n  id: row['event_id'] as string,\n  type: row['event_type'] as string,\n  payload: row['payload'],\n  index: asNumber(row['idx']),\n  sessionId: row['session_id'] as string,\n  createdAt: new Date(asNumber(row['created_at'])),\n})\n\nconst wrap = async <T>(fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> => {\n  try {\n    return await fn()\n  } catch (err) {\n    if (err instanceof A2Error || err instanceof TypeError) throw err\n    throw new A2Error('STORE_UNAVAILABLE', 'postgres store operation failed', {\n      cause: err,\n    })\n  }\n}\n\nconst jsonb = (value: unknown): string => JSON.stringify(value) ?? 'null'\n\nconst initializeSchema = async (client: PostgresClient): Promise<void> => {\n  if (!client.connect) {\n    await client.query(SCHEMA)\n    return\n  }\n\n  const conn = await client.connect()\n  try {\n    await conn.query('begin')\n    // `if not exists` does not serialize concurrent catalog writes. Every\n    // serverless isolate takes the same transaction-scoped lock before DDL.\n    await conn.query(\n      \"select pg_advisory_xact_lock(hashtext('a2:postgres:schema'))\",\n    )\n    await conn.query(SCHEMA)\n    await conn.query('commit')\n  } catch (err) {\n    await conn.query('rollback').catch(() => {})\n    throw err\n  } finally {\n    conn.release()\n  }\n}\n\nexport function postgres(options: PostgresStoreOptions = {}): PostgresStore {\n  const clock = options.clock ?? SYSTEM_CLOCK\n  const generateId = options.ids ?? RANDOM_IDS\n\n  if (!options.client && !options.connectionString) {\n    throw new TypeError(\n      'postgres() needs a connectionString or an injected client',\n    )\n  }\n\n  // Lazy init: the first operation creates the client (dynamic import\n  // of the optional peer dep `pg`) and the schema. Constructing the\n  // backend does no I/O — same contract as every other adapter.\n  const connection = retryableLazy(async () => {\n    let owned: PostgresClient | null = null\n    try {\n      let c = options.client\n      if (!c) {\n        const pg = await import('pg').catch(() => {\n          throw new A2Error(\n            'STORE_NOT_CONFIGURED',\n            \"experimental-a2/store-postgres with a connectionString needs the 'pg' package (optional peer dependency) — install it, or inject a client\",\n          )\n        })\n        c = new pg.default.Pool({\n          connectionString: options.connectionString,\n        }) as unknown as PostgresClient\n        owned = c\n      }\n      await initializeSchema(c)\n      return c\n    } catch (err) {\n      if (owned?.end) await owned.end().catch(() => {})\n      throw err\n    }\n  })\n  const client = connection.get\n\n  const readStateBatch = async (\n    requests: readonly StoreStateReadRequest[],\n    reducerName: string,\n  ): Promise<StoreStateRead[]> => {\n    if (requests.length === 0) return []\n    const c = await client()\n    const input = requests.map((request, position) => ({\n      position,\n      sessionId: request.sessionId,\n      throughIndex: request.throughIndex ?? null,\n      snapshotThroughIndex:\n        request.snapshotThroughIndex ?? request.throughIndex ?? null,\n    }))\n    const { rows } = await c.query(\n      `with request as materialized (\n         select * from jsonb_to_recordset($1::jsonb) as value(\n           position integer,\n           \"sessionId\" text,\n           \"throughIndex\" bigint,\n           \"snapshotThroughIndex\" bigint\n         )\n       ), selected as materialized (\n         select request.position,\n                request.\"sessionId\" as session_id,\n                request.\"throughIndex\" as through_index,\n                head.up_to_index as head_index,\n                candidate.up_to_index as snapshot_index,\n                candidate.state as snapshot_state\n           from request\n           left join a2_snapshots head\n             on head.session_id = request.\"sessionId\"\n            and head.reducer_name = $2\n           left join lateral (\n             select up_to_index, state from (\n               select head.up_to_index, head.state\n                where request.\"snapshotThroughIndex\" is null\n                   or head.up_to_index <= request.\"snapshotThroughIndex\"\n               union all\n               select history.up_to_index, history.state\n                 from a2_snapshot_history history\n                where history.session_id = request.\"sessionId\"\n                  and history.reducer_name = $2\n                  and (\n                    request.\"snapshotThroughIndex\" is null\n                    or history.up_to_index <= request.\"snapshotThroughIndex\"\n                  )\n             ) candidates\n             order by up_to_index desc\n             limit 1\n           ) candidate on true\n       )\n       select selected.position, 0 as row_order, selected.session_id,\n              selected.head_index, selected.snapshot_index,\n              selected.snapshot_state,\n              null::bigint as idx, null::text as event_type,\n              null::jsonb as payload, null::text as event_id,\n              null::bigint as created_at\n         from selected\n       union all\n       select selected.position, 1 as row_order, event.session_id,\n              selected.head_index, null::bigint as snapshot_index,\n              null::jsonb as snapshot_state,\n              event.idx, event.event_type, event.payload,\n              event.event_id, event.created_at\n         from selected\n         join a2_events event on event.session_id = selected.session_id\n        where event.idx > coalesce(selected.snapshot_index, 0)\n          and (\n            selected.through_index is null\n            or event.idx <= selected.through_index\n          )\n       order by position, row_order, idx`,\n      [jsonb(input), reducerName],\n    )\n    const reads = requests.map<StoreStateRead>(() => ({\n      headIndex: null,\n      snapshot: null,\n      events: [],\n    }))\n    for (const row of rows) {\n      const read = reads[asNumber(row['position'])]!\n      if (row['row_order'] === 0 || row['row_order'] === '0') {\n        read.headIndex =\n          row['head_index'] === null ? null : asNumber(row['head_index'])\n        if (row['snapshot_index'] !== null) {\n          read.snapshot = {\n            index: asNumber(row['snapshot_index']),\n            state: row['snapshot_state'],\n          }\n        }\n      } else {\n        read.events.push(toEvent(row))\n      }\n    }\n    return reads\n  }\n\n  // Transactions run on one connection. Pools check one out; a\n  // single-connection client (PGlite) serializes on this mutex instead.\n  let mutex: Promise<unknown> = Promise.resolve()\n  const withTx = async <T>(\n    fn: (query: PostgresConnection['query']) => Promise<T>,\n  ): Promise<T> => {\n    const c = await client()\n    if (c.connect) {\n      const conn = await c.connect()\n      try {\n        await conn.query('begin')\n        const result = await fn((text, values) => conn.query(text, values))\n        await conn.query('commit')\n        return result\n      } catch (err) {\n        await conn.query('rollback').catch(() => {})\n        throw err\n      } finally {\n        conn.release()\n      }\n    }\n    const run = mutex.then(async () => {\n      await c.query('begin')\n      try {\n        const result = await fn((text, values) => c.query(text, values))\n        await c.query('commit')\n        return result\n      } catch (err) {\n        await c.query('rollback').catch(() => {})\n        throw err\n      }\n    })\n    mutex = run.catch(() => {})\n    return run\n  }\n\n  return {\n    async append(sessionId, events) {\n      if (events.length === 0) {\n        return wrap(async () => {\n          const c = await client()\n          const { rows } = await c.query(\n            `select exists(\n               select 1 from a2_events\n               where session_id = $1 and processed_at is null\n             ) as has_pending`,\n            [sessionId],\n          )\n          return {\n            events: [],\n            hasPending: rows[0]?.['has_pending'] === true,\n          }\n        })\n      }\n      return wrap(() =>\n        withTx(async (query) => {\n          // Serialize appends per session — index assignment must not\n          // race across writers. Transaction-scoped, self-releasing.\n          await query('select pg_advisory_xact_lock(hashtext($1))', [sessionId])\n\n          const supplied = events.filter((e) => e.id !== undefined)\n          const suppliedIds = supplied.map((e) => e.id as string)\n          if (new Set(suppliedIds).size !== suppliedIds.length) {\n            throw new A2Error(\n              'PARTIAL_DUPLICATE_BATCH',\n              'batch contains the same event id more than once',\n            )\n          }\n          if (suppliedIds.length > 0) {\n            const { rows: existing } = await query(\n              `select stored.*,\n                      exists(\n                        select 1 from a2_events pending\n                        where pending.session_id = $2\n                          and pending.processed_at is null\n                      ) as session_has_pending\n                 from a2_events stored\n                where stored.event_id = any($1)\n                order by stored.idx`,\n              [suppliedIds, sessionId],\n            )\n            if (existing.length > 0) {\n              const foreign = existing.find(\n                (row) => row['session_id'] !== sessionId,\n              )\n              if (foreign) {\n                throw new A2Error(\n                  'PARTIAL_DUPLICATE_BATCH',\n                  `event id '${String(foreign['event_id'])}' already exists in another session`,\n                )\n              }\n              if (existing.length === events.length) {\n                return {\n                  events: idempotentReplay(events, existing.map(toStored)),\n                  hasPending: existing[0]?.['session_has_pending'] === true,\n                }\n              }\n              throw new A2Error(\n                'PARTIAL_DUPLICATE_BATCH',\n                `batch mixes ${existing.length} already-appended and ${events.length - existing.length} fresh events`,\n              )\n            }\n          }\n\n          // Attempt-currency fence: a fresh handler append commits only\n          // while its causal attempt is still the parent's latest\n          // (store.ts `append`). `for update` serializes this read against\n          // a concurrent `claimAvailable` — an unlocked read admits write\n          // skew.\n          const causeIndexes = [\n            ...new Set(\n              events\n                .filter((e) => e.cause !== undefined)\n                .map((e) => e.cause!.index),\n            ),\n          ]\n          if (causeIndexes.length > 0) {\n            const { rows: parents } = await query(\n              `select idx, attempt_count, failed_at from a2_events\n                where session_id = $1 and idx = any($2::bigint[])\n                for update`,\n              [sessionId, causeIndexes],\n            )\n            const byIndex = new Map(\n              parents.map((row) => [asNumber(row['idx']), row]),\n            )\n            for (const e of events) {\n              if (!e.cause) continue\n              const parent = byIndex.get(e.cause.index)\n              if (!parent) {\n                throw new TypeError(\n                  `no event at index ${e.cause.index} in session '${sessionId}'`,\n                )\n              }\n              if (\n                asNumber(parent['attempt_count']) !== e.cause.attempt ||\n                parent['failed_at'] !== null\n              ) {\n                throw new A2Error(\n                  'SUPERSEDED_ATTEMPT',\n                  `attempt ${e.cause.attempt} no longer owns event ${e.cause.index} in session '${sessionId}'`,\n                )\n              }\n            }\n          }\n\n          const { rows: maxRows } = await query(\n            `select coalesce(max(idx), 0) as max,\n                    exists(\n                      select 1 from a2_events pending\n                      where pending.session_id = $1\n                        and pending.processed_at is null\n                    ) as session_has_pending\n               from a2_events\n              where session_id = $1`,\n            [sessionId],\n          )\n          const base = asNumber(maxRows[0]?.['max'])\n          const now = clock.now().getTime()\n          const inserted: StoredEvent[] = []\n          for (let i = 0; i < events.length; i += 1) {\n            const e = events[i]!\n            const id = e.id ?? generateId()\n            const index = base + 1 + i\n            // oxlint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop -- one tx, ordered inserts\n            await query(\n              `insert into a2_events\n                 (session_id, idx, event_type, payload, event_id, created_at,\n                  cause, lane, lane_ready, processed_at)\n               values (\n                 $1, $2, $3, $4::jsonb, $5, $6, $7::jsonb, $8,\n                 $8::text is null or not exists (\n                   select 1 from a2_events\n                    where session_id = $1 and lane = $8 and processed_at is null\n                 ),\n                 $9\n               )`,\n              [\n                sessionId,\n                index,\n                e.type,\n                jsonb(e.payload),\n                id,\n                now,\n                e.cause ? jsonb(e.cause) : null,\n                e.lane ?? null,\n                e.settled ? now : null,\n              ],\n            )\n            inserted.push({\n              id,\n              type: e.type,\n              payload: structuredClone(e.payload),\n              index,\n              sessionId,\n              createdAt: new Date(now),\n              cause: e.cause ? { ...e.cause } : null,\n              lane: e.lane ?? null,\n              processedAt: e.settled ? new Date(now) : null,\n              processedByAttempt: null,\n              returnedEventIds: null,\n              firstClaimedAt: null,\n              lastClaimedAt: null,\n              attemptCount: 0,\n              failureCount: 0,\n              lastFailedAt: null,\n              lastFailedAttempt: null,\n              lastError: null,\n              failedAt: null,\n              claimHolder: null,\n              claimExpiresAt: null,\n            })\n          }\n          return {\n            events: inserted,\n            hasPending:\n              maxRows[0]?.['session_has_pending'] === true ||\n              events.some((event) => event.settled !== true),\n          }\n        }),\n      )\n    },\n\n    async read(sessionId, opts) {\n      return wrap(async () => {\n        const c = await client()\n        const conditions = ['session_id = $1']\n        const params: unknown[] = [sessionId]\n        if (opts?.afterIndex !== undefined) {\n          params.push(opts.afterIndex)\n          conditions.push(`idx > $${params.length}`)\n        }\n        if (opts?.throughIndex !== undefined) {\n          params.push(opts.throughIndex)\n          conditions.push(`idx <= $${params.length}`)\n        }\n        const { rows } = await c.query(\n          `select * from a2_events where ${conditions.join(' and ')} order by idx`,\n          params,\n        )\n        return rows.map(toStored)\n      })\n    },\n\n    async claimAvailable({\n      sessionId,\n      holder,\n      ttlMs,\n      expiresAtMs,\n      excludeIndexes = [],\n    }) {\n      return wrap(() =>\n        withTx(async (query) => {\n          const now = clock.now().getTime()\n          const expiresAt = expiresAtMs ?? now + ttlMs\n          const { rows } = await query(\n            `with eligible as materialized (\n               select event.idx\n                 from a2_events event\n                where event.session_id = $1\n                  and event.processed_at is null\n                  and event.failed_at is null\n                  and event.lane_ready\n                  and (event.claim_expires_at is null or event.claim_expires_at <= $2)\n                  and not (event.idx = any($5::bigint[]))\n                for update of event\n             )\n             update a2_events claimed set\n               attempt_count = claimed.attempt_count + 1,\n               first_claimed_at = coalesce(claimed.first_claimed_at, $2),\n               last_claimed_at = $2,\n               claim_holder = $3,\n               claim_expires_at = $4\n             from eligible\n             where claimed.session_id = $1 and claimed.idx = eligible.idx\n             returning claimed.*`,\n            [sessionId, now, holder, expiresAt, [...excludeIndexes]],\n          )\n          if (rows.length > 0) {\n            const events = rows\n              .map(toStored)\n              .toSorted((a, b) => a.index - b.index)\n            return { outcome: 'claimed', events }\n          }\n          const { rows: activeRows } = await query(\n            `select min(claim_expires_at) as retry_at\n               from a2_events\n              where session_id = $1\n                and processed_at is null\n                and failed_at is null\n                and lane_ready\n                and claim_expires_at > $2`,\n            [sessionId, now],\n          )\n          const retryAt = activeRows[0]?.['retry_at']\n          return retryAt === null || retryAt === undefined\n            ? { outcome: 'settled' }\n            : { outcome: 'busy', retryAt: new Date(asNumber(retryAt)) }\n        }),\n      )\n    },\n\n    async renewClaims({ sessionId, holder, claims, ttlMs, expiresAtMs }) {\n      if (claims.length === 0) return { renewed: [], superseded: [] }\n      return wrap(async () => {\n        const c = await client()\n        const now = clock.now().getTime()\n        const expiresAt = expiresAtMs ?? now + ttlMs\n        const indexes = claims.map((claim) => claim.index)\n        const attempts = new Map(\n          claims.map((claim) => [claim.index, claim.attempt]),\n        )\n        const { rows } = await c.query(\n          `with listed as (\n             select idx, attempt\n               from unnest($3::bigint[], $6::int[]) as listed(idx, attempt)\n           ),\n           renewed as (\n             update a2_events event set claim_expires_at = $1\n               from listed\n              where event.session_id = $2\n                and event.idx = listed.idx\n                and event.attempt_count = listed.attempt\n                and event.processed_at is null\n                and event.failed_at is null\n                and event.claim_holder = $4\n                and event.claim_expires_at > $5\n              returning event.idx\n           )\n           select event.idx, event.attempt_count,\n                  exists(select 1 from renewed where renewed.idx = event.idx)\n                    as renewed\n             from a2_events event\n            where event.session_id = $2 and event.idx = any($3::bigint[])`,\n          [\n            expiresAt,\n            sessionId,\n            indexes,\n            holder,\n            now,\n            claims.map((claim) => claim.attempt),\n          ],\n        )\n        const renewed: number[] = []\n        const superseded: number[] = []\n        for (const row of rows) {\n          const index = asNumber(row['idx'])\n          if (row['renewed'] === true) renewed.push(index)\n          else if (\n            asNumber(row['attempt_count']) > (attempts.get(index) ?? 0)\n          ) {\n            superseded.push(index)\n          }\n        }\n        return {\n          renewed: renewed.toSorted((a, b) => a - b),\n          superseded: superseded.toSorted((a, b) => a - b),\n        }\n      })\n    },\n\n    async completeAttempt({ sessionId, index, attempt, events }) {\n      return wrap(() =>\n        withTx(async (query) => {\n          const { rows: parentRows } = await query(\n            `select * from a2_events\n              where session_id = $1 and idx = $2\n              for update`,\n            [sessionId, index],\n          )\n          const parent = parentRows[0]\n          if (!parent) {\n            throw new TypeError(\n              `no event at index ${index} in session '${sessionId}'`,\n            )\n          }\n          const ids = events.map((event) => event.id)\n          if (new Set(ids).size !== ids.length) {\n            throw new A2Error(\n              'PARTIAL_DUPLICATE_BATCH',\n              'returned event batch contains the same event id more than once',\n            )\n          }\n          if (parent['processed_at'] !== null) {\n            if (asNumber(parent['processed_by_attempt']) !== attempt) {\n              return { outcome: 'superseded' }\n            }\n            const returnedIds =\n              parent['returned_event_ids'] === null ||\n              parent['returned_event_ids'] === undefined\n                ? null\n                : decodeReturnedEventIds(parent['returned_event_ids'])\n            if (\n              returnedIds === null ||\n              returnedIds.length !== ids.length ||\n              returnedIds.some((id, offset) => id !== ids[offset])\n            ) {\n              throw new A2Error(\n                'PARTIAL_DUPLICATE_BATCH',\n                'completed attempt does not match the returned event batch',\n              )\n            }\n            if (events.length === 0) {\n              return { outcome: 'completed', events: [] }\n            }\n            const { rows: existing } = await query(\n              `select * from a2_events\n                where event_id = any($1::text[])`,\n              [ids],\n            )\n            const byId = new Map(\n              existing.map((row) => [row['event_id'] as string, row]),\n            )\n            const ordered = ids.map((id) => byId.get(id))\n            if (\n              ordered.some((row) => {\n                const cause = row ? toCause(row['cause']) : null\n                return (\n                  !row ||\n                  row['session_id'] !== sessionId ||\n                  cause?.index !== index ||\n                  cause.attempt !== attempt\n                )\n              })\n            ) {\n              throw new A2Error(\n                'PARTIAL_DUPLICATE_BATCH',\n                'returned event retry does not match the committed batch',\n              )\n            }\n            return {\n              outcome: 'completed',\n              events: idempotentReplay(\n                events,\n                (ordered as Record<string, unknown>[]).map(toStored),\n              ),\n            }\n          }\n          if (\n            asNumber(parent['attempt_count']) !== attempt ||\n            parent['claim_holder'] === null ||\n            parent['claim_holder'] === undefined ||\n            parent['failed_at'] !== null\n          ) {\n            return { outcome: 'superseded' }\n          }\n\n          await query('select pg_advisory_xact_lock(hashtext($1))', [sessionId])\n          if (ids.length > 0) {\n            const { rows: existing } = await query(\n              'select event_id from a2_events where event_id = any($1::text[])',\n              [ids],\n            )\n            if (existing.length > 0) {\n              throw new A2Error(\n                'PARTIAL_DUPLICATE_BATCH',\n                'returned event batch contains an already-appended event id',\n              )\n            }\n          }\n\n          const { rows: maxRows } = await query(\n            'select coalesce(max(idx), 0) as max from a2_events where session_id = $1',\n            [sessionId],\n          )\n          const base = asNumber(maxRows[0]?.['max'])\n          const now = clock.now().getTime()\n          const inserted: StoredEvent[] = []\n          for (let offset = 0; offset < events.length; offset += 1) {\n            const event = events[offset]!\n            const childIndex = base + offset + 1\n            // oxlint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop -- one tx, ordered inserts\n            const { rows } = await query(\n              `insert into a2_events\n                 (session_id, idx, event_type, payload, event_id, created_at,\n                  cause, lane, lane_ready, processed_at)\n               values (\n                 $1, $2, $3, $4::jsonb, $5, $6, $7::jsonb, $8,\n                 $8::text is null or not exists (\n                   select 1 from a2_events\n                    where session_id = $1 and lane = $8 and processed_at is null\n                 ),\n                 $9\n               )\n               returning *`,\n              [\n                sessionId,\n                childIndex,\n                event.type,\n                jsonb(event.payload),\n                event.id,\n                now,\n                jsonb({ index, attempt }),\n                event.lane ?? null,\n                event.settled ? now : null,\n              ],\n            )\n            inserted.push(toStored(rows[0]!))\n          }\n          await query(\n            `update a2_events set\n               processed_at = $1,\n               processed_by_attempt = $2,\n               returned_event_ids = $5::jsonb,\n               lane_ready = false,\n               claim_holder = null,\n               claim_expires_at = null\n             where session_id = $3 and idx = $4`,\n            [now, attempt, sessionId, index, jsonb(ids)],\n          )\n          await query(\n            `delete from a2_snapshot_pins\n              where session_id = $1 and event_index = $2`,\n            [sessionId, index],\n          )\n          await query(\n            `delete from a2_snapshot_history history\n              where history.session_id = $1\n                and not exists (\n                  select 1 from a2_snapshot_pins pin\n                   where pin.session_id = history.session_id\n                     and pin.reducer_name = history.reducer_name\n                     and pin.up_to_index = history.up_to_index\n                )`,\n            [sessionId],\n          )\n          const parentLane = (parent['lane'] as string | null) ?? null\n          if (parentLane !== null) {\n            await query(\n              `update a2_events set lane_ready = true\n                where session_id = $1\n                  and idx = (\n                    select idx from a2_events\n                     where session_id = $1 and lane = $2 and processed_at is null\n                     order by idx limit 1\n                  )`,\n              [sessionId, parentLane],\n            )\n          }\n          return { outcome: 'completed', events: inserted }\n        }),\n      )\n    },\n\n    async failAttempt({ sessionId, index, attempt, error, maxFailures }) {\n      return wrap(() =>\n        withTx(async (query) => {\n          const { rows } = await query(\n            `with current as materialized (\n             select e.* from a2_events e\n             where e.session_id = $1 and e.idx = $2\n             for update of e\n           ), updated as (\n             update a2_events e set\n               failure_count = e.failure_count + 1,\n               last_error = $4,\n               last_failed_at = $6,\n               last_failed_attempt = $3,\n               failed_at = case\n                 when e.failure_count + 1 >= $5 then $6\n                 else e.failed_at\n               end,\n               claim_holder = null,\n               claim_expires_at = null\n             from current\n             where e.session_id = $1\n               and e.idx = $2\n               and current.processed_at is null\n               and current.failed_at is null\n               and current.attempt_count = $3\n               and current.claim_holder is not null\n             returning e.failure_count, e.failed_at\n           )\n           select case\n             when not exists (select 1 from current) then 'missing'\n             when exists (\n               select 1 from updated where failed_at is not null\n             ) then 'dead_lettered'\n             when exists (select 1 from updated) then 'failed'\n             when exists (\n               select 1 from current\n               where processed_at is not null or attempt_count <> $3\n             ) then 'superseded'\n             when exists (\n               select 1 from current where failed_at is not null\n             ) then 'dead_lettered'\n             when exists (\n               select 1 from current\n                where claim_holder is null and last_failed_attempt = $3\n             ) then 'failed'\n             else 'superseded'\n           end as outcome,\n           coalesce(\n             (select failure_count from updated),\n             (select failure_count from current)\n           ) as failure_count`,\n            [\n              sessionId,\n              index,\n              attempt,\n              error,\n              maxFailures,\n              clock.now().getTime(),\n            ],\n          )\n          const row = rows[0]\n          if (!row || row['outcome'] === 'missing') {\n            throw new TypeError(\n              `no event at index ${index} in session '${sessionId}'`,\n            )\n          }\n          if (row['outcome'] === 'dead_lettered') {\n            await query(\n              `delete from a2_snapshot_pins\n                where session_id = $1 and event_index = $2`,\n              [sessionId, index],\n            )\n            await query(\n              `delete from a2_snapshot_history history\n                where history.session_id = $1\n                  and not exists (\n                    select 1 from a2_snapshot_pins pin\n                     where pin.session_id = history.session_id\n                       and pin.reducer_name = history.reducer_name\n                       and pin.up_to_index = history.up_to_index\n                  )`,\n              [sessionId],\n            )\n          }\n          return {\n            outcome: row['outcome'] as\n              'failed' | 'dead_lettered' | 'superseded',\n            failureCount: asNumber(row['failure_count']),\n          }\n        }),\n      )\n    },\n\n    async readState(sessionId, reducerName, stateOptions) {\n      return wrap(\n        async () =>\n          (\n            await readStateBatch(\n              [\n                {\n                  sessionId,\n                  ...(stateOptions?.throughIndex === undefined\n                    ? {}\n                    : { throughIndex: stateOptions.throughIndex }),\n                  ...(stateOptions?.snapshotThroughIndex === undefined\n                    ? {}\n                    : {\n                        snapshotThroughIndex: stateOptions.snapshotThroughIndex,\n                      }),\n                },\n              ],\n              reducerName,\n            )\n          )[0]!,\n      )\n    },\n\n    async readStates(requests, reducerName) {\n      return wrap(() => readStateBatch(requests, reducerName))\n    },\n\n    async putSnapshots(sessionId, reducerName, writes) {\n      await wrap(() =>\n        withTx(async (query) => {\n          const normalized = [\n            ...new Map(writes.map((write) => [write.index, write])).values(),\n          ].toSorted((a, b) => a.index - b.index)\n          if (normalized.length === 0) return\n\n          await query(\n            'select pg_advisory_xact_lock(hashtext($1), hashtext($2))',\n            [sessionId, reducerName],\n          )\n\n          const requestedPins = normalized.flatMap((write) =>\n            (write.pinEventIndexes ?? []).map((eventIndex) => ({\n              eventIndex,\n              snapshotIndex: write.index,\n            })),\n          )\n          if (requestedPins.length > 0) {\n            const eventIndexes = [\n              ...new Set(requestedPins.map((pin) => pin.eventIndex)),\n            ]\n            const { rows: events } = await query(\n              `select idx, processed_at, failed_at from a2_events\n                where session_id = $1 and idx = any($2::bigint[])\n                for update`,\n              [sessionId, eventIndexes],\n            )\n            const unfinished = new Set(\n              events\n                .filter(\n                  (row) =>\n                    row['processed_at'] === null && row['failed_at'] === null,\n                )\n                .map((row) => asNumber(row['idx'])),\n            )\n            const accepted = requestedPins.filter((pin) =>\n              unfinished.has(pin.eventIndex),\n            )\n            if (accepted.length > 0) {\n              await query(\n                `insert into a2_snapshot_pins\n                   (session_id, event_index, reducer_name, up_to_index)\n                 select $1, pin.\"eventIndex\", $2, pin.\"snapshotIndex\"\n                   from jsonb_to_recordset($3::jsonb) as pin(\n                     \"eventIndex\" bigint,\n                     \"snapshotIndex\" bigint\n                   )\n                 on conflict do nothing`,\n                [sessionId, reducerName, jsonb(accepted)],\n              )\n            }\n          }\n\n          const { rows: headRows } = await query(\n            `select up_to_index, state, updated_at from a2_snapshots\n              where session_id = $1 and reducer_name = $2\n              for update`,\n            [sessionId, reducerName],\n          )\n          const currentHead = headRows[0]\n          const latestWrite = normalized.at(-1)!\n          const writesHead =\n            !currentHead ||\n            latestWrite.index >= asNumber(currentHead['up_to_index'])\n          const advancesHead =\n            !currentHead ||\n            latestWrite.index > asNumber(currentHead['up_to_index'])\n          const finalHeadIndex = advancesHead\n            ? latestWrite.index\n            : asNumber(currentHead['up_to_index'])\n          const relevantIndexes = [\n            ...new Set([\n              ...normalized.map((write) => write.index),\n              ...(currentHead ? [asNumber(currentHead['up_to_index'])] : []),\n            ]),\n          ]\n          const { rows: pinRows } = await query(\n            `select distinct up_to_index from a2_snapshot_pins\n              where session_id = $1 and reducer_name = $2\n                and up_to_index = any($3::bigint[])`,\n            [sessionId, reducerName, relevantIndexes],\n          )\n          const pinned = new Set(\n            pinRows.map((row) => asNumber(row['up_to_index'])),\n          )\n          const historical = new Map<\n            number,\n            { index: number; state: unknown; updatedAt: number }\n          >()\n          if (\n            advancesHead &&\n            currentHead &&\n            pinned.has(asNumber(currentHead['up_to_index']))\n          ) {\n            const index = asNumber(currentHead['up_to_index'])\n            historical.set(index, {\n              index,\n              state: currentHead['state'],\n              updatedAt: asNumber(currentHead['updated_at']),\n            })\n          }\n          const updatedAt = clock.now().getTime()\n          for (const write of normalized) {\n            if (write.index < finalHeadIndex && pinned.has(write.index)) {\n              historical.set(write.index, {\n                index: write.index,\n                state: write.state,\n                updatedAt,\n              })\n            }\n          }\n          if (historical.size > 0) {\n            await query(\n              `insert into a2_snapshot_history\n                 (session_id, reducer_name, up_to_index, state, updated_at)\n               select $1, $2, snapshot.index, snapshot.state, snapshot.\"updatedAt\"\n                 from jsonb_to_recordset($3::jsonb) as snapshot(\n                   index bigint,\n                   state jsonb,\n                   \"updatedAt\" bigint\n                 )\n               on conflict (session_id, reducer_name, up_to_index) do update set\n                 state = excluded.state,\n                 updated_at = excluded.updated_at`,\n              [sessionId, reducerName, jsonb([...historical.values()])],\n            )\n          }\n          if (writesHead) {\n            await query(\n              `insert into a2_snapshots\n                 (session_id, reducer_name, up_to_index, state, updated_at)\n               values ($1, $2, $3, $4::jsonb, $5)\n               on conflict (session_id, reducer_name) do update set\n                 up_to_index = excluded.up_to_index,\n                 state = excluded.state,\n                 updated_at = excluded.updated_at\n               where excluded.up_to_index >= a2_snapshots.up_to_index`,\n              [\n                sessionId,\n                reducerName,\n                latestWrite.index,\n                jsonb(latestWrite.state),\n                clock.now().getTime(),\n              ],\n            )\n            await query(\n              `delete from a2_snapshot_history\n                where session_id = $1 and reducer_name = $2 and up_to_index = $3`,\n              [sessionId, reducerName, latestWrite.index],\n            )\n          }\n        }),\n      )\n    },\n\n    presence: {\n      async set(ns, participant, values, meta) {\n        const entries = Object.entries(values)\n        if (entries.length === 0) return\n        await wrap(async () => {\n          const c = await client()\n          const atMs = meta.at.getTime()\n          // Expiry anchors on the storage clock — the sender's `at`\n          // orders writes but never anchors their lifetime.\n          const expiresAtMs = clock.now().getTime() + meta.ttlMs\n          for (const [field, value] of entries) {\n            // Field-wise LWW: a stored row with a strictly newer `at`\n            // survives; ties go to the incoming write (memory parity).\n            // oxlint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop -- independent per-field registers\n            await (value === null\n              ? c.query(\n                  `delete from a2_presence\n                    where ns = $1 and participant = $2 and field = $3\n                      and at <= $4`,\n                  [ns, participant, field, atMs],\n                )\n              : c.query(\n                  `insert into a2_presence\n                     (ns, participant, field, value, seen, at, expires_at)\n                   values ($1, $2, $3, $4::jsonb, $5, $6, $7)\n                   on conflict (ns, participant, field) do update set\n                     value = excluded.value,\n                     seen = excluded.seen,\n                     at = excluded.at,\n                     expires_at = excluded.expires_at\n                   where a2_presence.at <= excluded.at`,\n                  [\n                    ns,\n                    participant,\n                    field,\n                    jsonb(value),\n                    meta.seen,\n                    atMs,\n                    expiresAtMs,\n                  ],\n                ))\n          }\n        })\n      },\n\n      async read(ns) {\n        return wrap(async () => {\n          const c = await client()\n          const now = clock.now().getTime()\n          // Sweep and read share one statement (one snapshot): the\n          // delete is opportunistic cleanup; the filter alone keeps\n          // expired rows out of this result.\n          const { rows } = await c.query(\n            `with swept as (\n               delete from a2_presence\n                where ns = $1 and expires_at <= $2\n             )\n             select participant, field, value, seen, at, expires_at\n               from a2_presence\n              where ns = $1 and expires_at > $2\n              order by participant, field`,\n            [ns, now],\n          )\n          return rows.map((row) => ({\n            participant: row['participant'] as string,\n            field: row['field'] as string,\n            value: row['value'],\n            seen: asNumber(row['seen']),\n            at: new Date(asNumber(row['at'])),\n            expiresAt: new Date(asNumber(row['expires_at'])),\n          }))\n        })\n      },\n    },\n\n    stream(sessionId, opts) {\n      const readAfter = (afterIndex: number): Promise<StoredEvent[]> =>\n        wrap(async () => {\n          const c = await client()\n          const { rows } = await c.query(\n            'select * from a2_events where session_id = $1 and idx > $2 order by idx',\n            [sessionId, afterIndex],\n          )\n          return rows.map(toStored)\n        })\n      return pollingStream(\n        readAfter,\n        opts?.startAfter !== undefined ? { startAfter: opts.startAfter } : {},\n      )\n    },\n\n    async close() {\n      const current = connection.peek()\n      if (!current) return\n      const c = await current\n      await c.end?.()\n    },\n  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package/dist/{store-redis-core-DEYO8Ryv.js → store-redis-core-DT01r4GZ.js}

@@ -93,8 +93,24 @@ has_pending = redis.call('ZCARD', KEYS[5]) > 0 and '1' or '0'
 return { 'ok', tostring(base + 1), has_pending,
   tostring(redis.call('EXISTS', KEYS[7])) }
 `;
-/** KEYS: counter, meta, pending, ready. ARGV: idx, attempt, error, maxFailures, nowMs. */
+/**
+* KEYS: counter, meta, pending, ready, event snapshot pins, snapshot pin counts.
+* ARGV: idx, attempt, error, maxFailures, nowMs.
+*/
 const FAIL_ATTEMPT_LUA = `
+local function release_snapshot_pins()
+  local refs = redis.call('SMEMBERS', KEYS[5])
+  for _, ref in ipairs(refs) do
+    local count = redis.call('HINCRBY', KEYS[6], ref, -1)
+    if count <= 0 then
+      redis.call('HDEL', KEYS[6], ref)
+      local checkpoint = cjson.decode(ref)
+      redis.call('ZREMRANGEBYSCORE', checkpoint[1], checkpoint[2], checkpoint[2])
+    end
+  end
+  redis.call('DEL', KEYS[5])
+  if redis.call('HLEN', KEYS[6]) == 0 then redis.call('DEL', KEYS[6]) end
+end
 local function lane_field(lane, suffix)
   return '__lane:' .. tostring(string.len(lane)) .. ':' .. lane .. ':' .. suffix
 end
@@ -148,6 +164,7 @@ redis.call('HDEL', KEYS[2], field .. ':ch', field .. ':ce')
 if failures >= tonumber(ARGV[4]) then
   redis.call('HSET', KEYS[2], field .. ':f', ARGV[5])
   redis.call('ZREM', KEYS[4], field)
+  release_snapshot_pins()
   return { 'dead_lettered', tostring(failures) }
 end
 return { 'failed', tostring(failures) }
@@ -238,11 +255,25 @@ for i = 1, #superseded do result[#result + 1] = superseded[i] end
 return result
 `;
 /**
-* KEYS: store, counter, ids, meta, pending, ready, watched.
+* KEYS: store, counter, ids, meta, pending, ready, watched,
+* event snapshot pins, snapshot pin counts.
 * ARGV: sessionId, nowMs, parent index, attempt, n, then per child:
 * id, type, payloadJson, lane, settled.
 */
 const COMPLETE_ATTEMPT_LUA = `
+local function release_snapshot_pins()
+  local refs = redis.call('SMEMBERS', KEYS[8])
+  for _, ref in ipairs(refs) do
+    local count = redis.call('HINCRBY', KEYS[9], ref, -1)
+    if count <= 0 then
+      redis.call('HDEL', KEYS[9], ref)
+      local checkpoint = cjson.decode(ref)
+      redis.call('ZREMRANGEBYSCORE', checkpoint[1], checkpoint[2], checkpoint[2])
+    end
+  end
+  redis.call('DEL', KEYS[8])
+  if redis.call('HLEN', KEYS[9]) == 0 then redis.call('DEL', KEYS[9]) end
+end
 local function lane_field(lane, suffix)
   return '__lane:' .. tostring(string.len(lane)) .. ':' .. lane .. ':' .. suffix
 end
@@ -341,6 +372,7 @@ redis.call('HSET', KEYS[4],
   parent .. ':ri', returned_json)
 redis.call('HDEL', KEYS[4], parent .. ':ch', parent .. ':ce')
 settle(parent)
+release_snapshot_pins()
 local cause = cjson.encode({ index = tonumber(parent), attempt = attempt })
 for i = 1, n do
   local id = ARGV[5 + (i - 1) * 5 + 1]
@@ -364,13 +396,61 @@ redis.call('SET', KEYS[2], tostring(total + n))
 return { 'ok', tostring(total + 1),
   tostring(redis.call('EXISTS', KEYS[7])) }
 `;
-/** KEYS: snapshot. ARGV: upToIndex, json. Guarded: never move backward. */
-const PUT_SNAPSHOT_LUA = `
-local cur = redis.call('GET', KEYS[1])
-if cur and tonumber(cjson.decode(cur)['index']) >= tonumber(ARGV[1]) then
-  return 0
+/**
+* KEYS: head, history, event counter, event meta, pin counts.
+* ARGV: nowMs, event pin key prefix, write count, then per write:
+* index, snapshot JSON, pin count, pin event indexes.
+*/
+const PUT_SNAPSHOTS_LUA = `
+local total = tonumber(redis.call('GET', KEYS[3]) or '0')
+local writes = {}
+local offset = 4
+for i = 1, tonumber(ARGV[3]) do
+  local index = tonumber(ARGV[offset])
+  local snapshot = ARGV[offset + 1]
+  local pin_count = tonumber(ARGV[offset + 2])
+  local ref = cjson.encode({ KEYS[2], tostring(index) })
+  for p = 1, pin_count do
+    local event_index = tonumber(ARGV[offset + 2 + p])
+    if event_index >= 1 and event_index <= total and
+       redis.call('HEXISTS', KEYS[4], tostring(event_index) .. ':p') == 0 and
+       redis.call('HEXISTS', KEYS[4], tostring(event_index) .. ':f') == 0 then
+      local pin_key = ARGV[2] .. tostring(event_index)
+      if redis.call('SADD', pin_key, ref) == 1 then
+        redis.call('HINCRBY', KEYS[5], ref, 1)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  writes[#writes + 1] = { index = index, snapshot = snapshot, ref = ref }
+  offset = offset + 3 + pin_count
+end
+
+local head = redis.call('GET', KEYS[1])
+local head_index = nil
+if head then head_index = tonumber(cjson.decode(head)['index']) end
+local latest = writes[#writes]
+local writes_head = not head_index or latest.index >= head_index
+local advances = not head_index or latest.index > head_index
+local final_head_index = advances and latest.index or head_index
+
+if advances and head and tonumber(redis.call('HGET', KEYS[5], cjson.encode({ KEYS[2], tostring(head_index) })) or '0') > 0 then
+  redis.call('ZREMRANGEBYSCORE', KEYS[2], head_index, head_index)
+  redis.call('ZADD', KEYS[2], head_index, head)
+end
+
+for _, write in ipairs(writes) do
+  if write.index < final_head_index then
+    redis.call('ZREMRANGEBYSCORE', KEYS[2], write.index, write.index)
+    if tonumber(redis.call('HGET', KEYS[5], write.ref) or '0') > 0 then
+      redis.call('ZADD', KEYS[2], write.index, write.snapshot)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+if writes_head then
+  redis.call('SET', KEYS[1], latest.snapshot)
+  redis.call('ZREMRANGEBYSCORE', KEYS[2], latest.index, latest.index)
 end
-redis.call('SET', KEYS[1], ARGV[2])
 return 1
 `;
 /**
@@ -424,11 +504,26 @@ for i = 1, #rows, 2 do
 end
 return live
 `;
-/** KEYS: snapshot, event counter. Returns one atomic cache-plus-frontier read. */
+/**
+* KEYS: head, history, event counter. ARGV: snapshot frontier or ''.
+* Returns one atomic multiversion-cache-plus-log-frontier read.
+*/
 const READ_STATE_LUA = `
-local snapshot = redis.call('GET', KEYS[1])
-local frontier = redis.call('GET', KEYS[2]) or '0'
-return { snapshot or '', frontier }
+local head = redis.call('GET', KEYS[1])
+local cap = ARGV[1]
+local snapshot = nil
+if head and (cap == '' or tonumber(cjson.decode(head)['index']) <= tonumber(cap)) then
+  snapshot = head
+end
+local upper = cap == '' and '+inf' or cap
+local historical = redis.call('ZREVRANGEBYSCORE', KEYS[2], upper, '-inf', 'LIMIT', 0, 1)
+if #historical > 0 then
+  if not snapshot or tonumber(cjson.decode(historical[1])['index']) > tonumber(cjson.decode(snapshot)['index']) then
+    snapshot = historical[1]
+  end
+end
+local frontier = redis.call('GET', KEYS[3]) or '0'
+return { head or '', snapshot or '', frontier }
 `;
 const fieldMap = (fields) => {
 	const map = {};
@@ -532,6 +627,10 @@ function createRedisStoreCore(options) {
 	const pendingKey = (s) => `${prefix}:${s}:pending`;
 	const readyKey = (s) => `${prefix}:${s}:ready`;
 	const snapKey = (s, r) => `${prefix}:${s}:snap:${r}`;
+	const snapHistoryKey = (s, r) => `${prefix}:${s}:snap-history:${r}`;
+	const snapshotEventPinsKey = (s, index) => `${prefix}:${s}:snapshot-pins:${index}`;
+	const snapshotEventPinsPrefix = (s) => `${prefix}:${s}:snapshot-pins:`;
+	const snapshotPinCountsKey = (s) => `${prefix}:${s}:snapshot-pin-counts`;
 	const watchedKey = (s) => `${prefix}:${s}:watched`;
 	const presenceKey = (s) => `${prefix}:${s}:presence`;
 	const idsKey = `${prefix}:ids`;
@@ -765,7 +864,9 @@ function createRedisStoreCore(options) {
 					metaKey(sessionId),
 					pendingKey(sessionId),
 					readyKey(sessionId),
-					watchedKey(sessionId)
+					watchedKey(sessionId),
+					snapshotEventPinsKey(sessionId, index),
+					snapshotPinCountsKey(sessionId)
 				], [
 					sessionId,
 					now,
@@ -842,7 +943,9 @@ function createRedisStoreCore(options) {
 					countKey(sessionId),
 					metaKey(sessionId),
 					pendingKey(sessionId),
-					readyKey(sessionId)
+					readyKey(sessionId),
+					snapshotEventPinsKey(sessionId, index),
+					snapshotPinCountsKey(sessionId)
 				], [
 					index,
 					attempt,
@@ -858,30 +961,65 @@ function createRedisStoreCore(options) {
 				};
 			});
 		},
-		async readState(sessionId, reducerName) {
+		async readState(sessionId, reducerName, stateOptions) {
 			return wrap(async () => {
-				const reply = await evalScript(READ_STATE_LUA, [snapKey(sessionId, reducerName), countKey(sessionId)], []);
-				const raw = reply[0];
+				const reply = await evalScript(READ_STATE_LUA, [
+					snapKey(sessionId, reducerName),
+					snapHistoryKey(sessionId, reducerName),
+					countKey(sessionId)
+				], [stateOptions?.snapshotThroughIndex ?? stateOptions?.throughIndex ?? ""]);
+				const rawHead = reply[0];
+				const raw = reply[1];
+				const head = rawHead === "" ? null : JSON.parse(rawHead);
 				const parsed = raw === "" ? null : JSON.parse(raw);
-				const frontier = Number(reply[1]);
-				if (!Number.isSafeInteger(frontier) || frontier < 0 || parsed !== null && (!Number.isSafeInteger(parsed.index) || parsed.index < 0)) throw new A2Error("STORE_UNAVAILABLE", `redis state frontier for session '${sessionId}' is invalid`);
-				const events = await readEventRange(sessionId, parsed?.index ?? 0, frontier);
+				const currentFrontier = Number(reply[2]);
+				if (!Number.isSafeInteger(currentFrontier) || currentFrontier < 0 || head !== null && (!Number.isSafeInteger(head.index) || head.index < 0) || parsed !== null && (!Number.isSafeInteger(parsed.index) || parsed.index < 0)) throw new A2Error("STORE_UNAVAILABLE", `redis state frontier for session '${sessionId}' is invalid`);
+				const frontier = Math.min(currentFrontier, stateOptions?.throughIndex ?? currentFrontier);
+				const snapshot = parsed;
+				const events = await readEventRange(sessionId, snapshot?.index ?? 0, frontier);
 				return {
-					snapshot: parsed ? {
-						index: parsed.index,
-						state: parsed.state
+					headIndex: head?.index ?? null,
+					snapshot: snapshot ? {
+						index: snapshot.index,
+						state: snapshot.state
 					} : null,
 					events
 				};
 			});
 		},
-		async putSnapshot(sessionId, reducerName, index, state) {
+		async putSnapshots(sessionId, reducerName, writes) {
+			const byIndex = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+			for (const write of writes) {
+				const existing = byIndex.get(write.index);
+				if (existing) {
+					existing.state = write.state;
+					for (const eventIndex of write.pinEventIndexes ?? []) existing.pinEventIndexes.add(eventIndex);
+				} else byIndex.set(write.index, {
+					index: write.index,
+					state: write.state,
+					pinEventIndexes: new Set(write.pinEventIndexes ?? [])
+				});
+			}
+			const normalized = [...byIndex.values()].toSorted((a, b) => a.index - b.index);
+			if (normalized.length === 0) return;
 			await wrap(async () => {
-				await evalScript(PUT_SNAPSHOT_LUA, [snapKey(sessionId, reducerName)], [index, json({
-					index,
-					state,
+				const args = [
+					clock.now().getTime(),
+					snapshotEventPinsPrefix(sessionId),
+					normalized.length
+				];
+				for (const write of normalized) args.push(write.index, json({
+					index: write.index,
+					state: write.state,
 					updatedAt: clock.now().getTime()
-				})]);
+				}), write.pinEventIndexes.size, ...write.pinEventIndexes);
+				await evalScript(PUT_SNAPSHOTS_LUA, [
+					snapKey(sessionId, reducerName),
+					snapHistoryKey(sessionId, reducerName),
+					countKey(sessionId),
+					metaKey(sessionId),
+					snapshotPinCountsKey(sessionId)
+				], args);
 			});
 		},
 		presence: {
@@ -952,4 +1090,4 @@ function createRedisStoreCore(options) {
 //#endregion
 export { createRedisStoreCore as t };
 
-//# sourceMappingURL=store-redis-core-DEYO8Ryv.js.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=store-redis-core-DT01r4GZ.js.map