experimental-a2 0.2.0 → 0.4.0

package/docs/concepts/04-state.mdx

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ const events = await ordersServer.session(orderId).history()
 Everything that happened in this session, oldest first. Always the raw log,
 never a summary, never a snapshot. This is the session's audit trail and
 debugging story, and it is also fine to use inside handlers for questions like
-"did the shop already start?"
+"did the shop already start?" Pass inclusive `gte` or `lte` indexes to read a
+bounded slice.
 
 ## Reducers
 
@@ -86,24 +87,20 @@ export const ordersServer = createServer({
 })
 ```
 
-A reducer is a name (its identity, more on that below) plus the values that
-anchor it: `initialState` (the seed), an optional `stateSchema`, and the
-pure `fold`, `(state, event) => state`. It's derived *from* the
-contract, so the events type themselves; the two-step shape is
-deliberate: the first call fixes the state and event types, and
-`.fold()` receives fully concrete ones. No type arguments, no
-annotations, and literal unions (like the `z.enum` status above) survive
-the fold intact. `state()` folds the session's events through it and
-returns the result, along with `index`: the log position the state
-reflects. The browser uses that index to resume a live stream exactly
-where server-rendered state left off. See [Live UI](/guides/react).
-
-The snapshot and its remaining event tail come back in one consistent log
-operation. A missing snapshot reads the full log. A snapshot rejected by
-`stateSchema`, or a failed cache read, falls back to the full log and rebuilds
-from truth. `state()` is observational: it never runs handlers or waits for
-pending work to finish. Inside a handler, the returned index includes the
-triggering event and may include later events that committed before the read.
+A reducer is a name (its identity, more on that below), `initialState`, an
+optional `stateSchema`, and the pure `fold`, `(state, event) => state`. It is
+derived from the contract, so the events type themselves; the two-step shape
+fixes the state and event types before `.fold()` receives them. No type
+arguments or annotations are needed, and literal unions survive the fold.
+`state()` returns the result with `index`, the last log position included. The
+fold includes every event through that index and none after it. The browser
+resumes its live stream from that boundary. See [Live UI](/guides/react).
+
+The snapshot and its remaining event tail come back in one consistent store
+operation. A missing, invalid, or unreadable snapshot rebuilds from the full log.
+`state()` is observational: it never runs handlers or waits for pending work.
+Its index marks committed history, not handler completion. Inside a handler it
+includes the trigger and may include later events committed before the read.
 
 The read and a following `ctx.session.append(name, ...events)` are separate
 operations. Concurrent appends and retries can move the frontier between them.
@@ -121,7 +118,7 @@ cache](/guides/local-first): a cached fold that fails the schema is
 discarded and refolded, catching shape drift a stale `name` can't.
 
 Note what these modules import: schemas and `experimental-a2`. Never `experimental-a2/server`,
-never a log backend. Contract and reducer are isomorphic by
+never a store backend. Contract and reducer are isomorphic by
 construction; the browser runs the same reducer. More on the split in
 [Live UI](/guides/react#keep-the-backend-out-of-the-bundle). (In a
 server-only app you can keep the contract next to `createServer`
@@ -129,7 +126,7 @@ instead of in its own file.)
 
 ## Snapshots are a cache
 
-Folding a long session on every read would get slow, so the log backend
+Folding a long session on every read would get slow, so the store backend
 caches folded state as a snapshot. You never interact with it, except for
 one string.
 

package/docs/guides/01-timers.mdx

@@ -1,85 +1,185 @@
 ---
 title: Timers and delays
-description: There is no sleep(). A delayed action is an event, delivered later, by anything that can make an HTTP call.
+description: Schedule a typed session event for later with the same adapter that handles recovery.
 ---
 
-## There is no `sleep()`
+## Schedule from a handler
 
-Workflow engines let you sleep inside a function, then perform heroics to
-make that survive a serverless platform. A2 doesn't. If something should
-happen in five days, then in five days, something should append an event.
-That's scheduling.
-
-The scheduled thing is data (a session id and an event), not a suspended
-function. No closure has to survive the gap.
-
-## Schedule an event
-
-Use any scheduler that can deliver an HTTP call later: QStash, a cron, your
-payment provider's webhook. It hits a route; the route appends.
+Configure one scheduler for the server, then call
+`session.schedule(name, timing, ...events)`. This schedules an `expired` event
+for five days after the durable `created` event:
 
 ```ts server/orders.ts
 import { createServer } from 'experimental-a2/server'
+import { vercelQueues } from 'experimental-a2/scheduler-vercel'
 import { orders } from '@/contracts'
 
+export const scheduler = vercelQueues()
+
 export const ordersServer = createServer({
   contract: orders,
+  scheduler,
   handlers: {
     created: async ({ session }) => {
-      // schedule with anything that can deliver an HTTP call later:
-      // QStash, cron, a provider webhook:
-      //
-      // await scheduleHttpCall({
-      //   delay: '5d',
-      //   url: '/api/append',
-      //   body: { sessionId: session.id, type: 'expired', payload: {} },
-      // })
+      await session.schedule(
+        'expire-order',
+        { delay: '5d' },
+        { type: 'expired', payload: {} },
+      )
+    },
+    expired: async ({ session }) => {
+      const events = await session.history()
+      if (events.some((event) => event.type === 'shop.started')) return
+      // your expiry side effect goes here
     },
   },
 })
 ```
 
-```ts app/api/append/route.ts
+The same scheduler route handles recovery watchdogs and scheduled events. Mount
+it once as shown in
+[Going to production](/guides/production#2-add-a-scheduler-for-handlers-and-timers).
+
+`timing` is exactly one of these shapes:
+
+```ts
+// anywhere on the server:
+type ScheduleTiming =
+  | { delay: `${number}${'ms' | 's' | 'm' | 'h' | 'd'}`; at?: never }
+  | { at: Date; delay?: never }
+```
+
+The template type checks the unit suffix. At runtime, the number must be an
+unsigned base-10 decimal without leading zeros, finite, and greater than zero.
+A2 rejects `0s`, signs, exponent notation, malformed strings, and invalid
+dates.
+
+The requested target is the earliest useful delivery time, not an exact
+execution deadline. Adapters encode provider timing in whole-second slots. A
+target that is already due publishes immediately.
+
+The call awaits provider acceptance and returns `void`. No event enters the
+store until the scheduler delivers the task.
+
+## Schedule from ordinary server code
+
+Root sessions expose the same method. Use `{ at }` when a caller may retry and
+the target time must stay fixed:
+
+```ts app/api/trials/route.ts
+import { z } from 'zod'
 import { ordersServer } from '@/server/orders'
 
-export async function POST(req: Request) {
-  const { sessionId, type, payload } = await req.json()
-  await ordersServer.session(sessionId).append({ type, payload })
-  return Response.json({ ok: true })
+const scheduleTrial = z.object({
+  orderId: z.string(),
+  expiresAt: z.iso.datetime().transform((value) => new Date(value)),
+})
+
+export async function POST(request: Request) {
+  const body = scheduleTrial.parse(await request.json())
+  await ordersServer.session(body.orderId).schedule(
+    'expire-order',
+    { at: body.expiresAt },
+    { type: 'expired', payload: {} },
+  )
+  return Response.json({ scheduled: true }, { status: 202 })
 }
 ```
 
-:::warning
-Auth this route like any other. Anything that can call it can move your
-sessions forward.
-:::
+A root `{ delay: '30s' }` starts from the wall clock captured by that call. A
+retry 10 seconds later calculates a delivery 10 seconds later too. An absolute
+`{ at }` preserves the original target. Inside a handler, relative delays are
+already retry-stable: A2 anchors them to the triggering event's durable
+`createdAt`, not the retry's clock.
+
+## Identity and retries
+
+`name` identifies one logical schedule. On a root session its scope is the
+contract and session. In a handler it also includes the triggering event id, so
+different events can both use a local name such as `expire-order` while retries
+of one event converge.
+
+Keep the same name, timing, and events on every retry. A2 derives stable ids for
+events whose `id` you omit. Provider deduplication folds repeated sends while
+its deduplication window is open. After that window, duplicate deliveries
+still append once because they carry the same event ids. A changed input under
+the same identity conflicts when it produces a different validated event at
+delivery.
+
+A2 does not store a timer-intent registry, so it cannot compare every retry
+with the first call before sending. The stable provider task and event ids are
+the durable convergence mechanism.
+
+## What arrives later
+
+Scheduled payloads travel inside the provider message. Before validation, A2
+snapshots each payload into the same plain JSON tree the provider will deliver.
+Encode a `Date` as an ISO string and a custom class as explicit JSON data. A2
+rejects `undefined`, functions, symbols, bigint values, cycles, accessors, and
+non-plain prototypes. Shared object references become independent JSON values;
+reference identity is not part of a scheduled payload. The task carries that
+snapshotted schema input. At delivery, A2 validates it through
+an ordinary top-level append with fixed ids. A schema transform produces the
+stored payload from that original input, rather than receiving its earlier
+validation output as new input.
+
+That means scheduled events:
+
+- enter the log only when delivered;
+- have `cause: null`, like an ordinary server append;
+- run handlers and lanes normally;
+- update reducers, streams, and live clients normally; and
+- tolerate at-least-once delivery through their stable ids.
+
+If the deployment receiving a timer removes or changes its event schema,
+delivery can fail validation and remain visible as a retrying scheduler error.
+Vercel Queues pins timers to their publishing deployment by default. This
+cross-deployment compatibility concern applies when
+`scheduledAppends: 'deploymentless'` is selected and to adapters that target a
+stable URL, such as QStash.
 
 ## Stale timers
 
-The order shipped on day two. The expiry still fires on day five. Now what?
+The order shipped on day two. Its expiry event still arrives on day five. The
+recommended pattern is the guard in the first example: let the event land, read
+the session, and return when it no longer applies. The log still records the
+fact that the timer fired.
 
-You could hunt down the scheduled call and cancel it. The simpler default,
-and the recommended one, is to let the timer fire and have the handler
-check whether it still applies. Guard on read:
+A2 has no cancellation, reschedule, cron, or timer-listing API. `name` is an
+idempotency key, not a handle. Model repeated schedules as session events and
+have a handler schedule the next occurrence explicitly.
 
-```ts
-// server/orders.ts, the expiry handler, guarding on read:
-import { createServer } from 'experimental-a2/server'
-import { orders } from '@/contracts'
+## Provider limits
 
-export const ordersServer = createServer({
-  contract: orders,
-  handlers: {
-    expired: async ({ session }) => {
-      const events = await session.history()
-      if (events.some((e) => e.type === 'shop.started')) return // stale, ignore
-      // ...actually expire the order
-    },
-  },
-})
-```
+One scheduled task must fit the active provider's maximum delay:
+
+| Adapter | Maximum one-shot delay |
+| --- | --- |
+| Vercel Queues | 6 days |
+| QStash free | 7 days |
+| QStash usage-based | 1 year |
+| QStash fixed | no fixed maximum |
+
+These are provider limits. A2 does not silently split a longer delay into
+several tasks. Vercel Queues retains the message for seven days; A2 reserves
+the final day for delivery and retries instead of making the delay equal the
+message's lifetime. Leave at least one second of margin at a QStash maximum
+because its `notBefore` timestamp uses whole Unix seconds.
 
-This works because history is truth. The timer doesn't need to know what
-happened after it was scheduled; the handler can just look. The stale
-`expired` event still lands in the log, and that's fine: it's a fact ("the
-timer fired"), and the handler decided it was moot.
+## Deploy safely
+
+Vercel Queues pins scheduled appends and recovery watchdogs to their publishing
+deployment by default. `scheduledAppends: 'deploymentless'` removes affinity
+only for timers. Select it only when every eligible consumer for the topic can
+decode pending tasks and validate their events. Recovery remains pinned.
+
+New scheduler routes accept older recovery messages, which supports adapter
+upgrades for schedulers that deliberately cross deployments.
+
+:::warning
+When using deploymentless Vercel timers or a stable callback URL, do not roll
+back to an A2 version without timer delivery while timer tasks are still
+outstanding. An older route can acknowledge one as a recovery message without
+appending its events. Roll forward, or first wait for the tasks to deliver or
+remove them through the provider.
+:::

package/docs/guides/02-cancellation.mdx

@@ -41,10 +41,36 @@ export const chatServer = createServer({
 
 While the handler runs, A2 watches the session's log. The moment a
 `cancelled` event lands (or one already landed before the handler
-started), `ctx.signal` fires. Handlers without `abortOn` pay nothing.
-
-One rule: an aborted handler should catch and return normally. Throwing
-means "retry me", exactly the wrong response to someone pressing stop.
+started), `ctx.signal` fires. Handlers without `abortOn` pay nothing
+for the watch: no subscription is held for them.
+
+Every handler's signal, with or without `abortOn`, also guards the run's
+durable claim. While a handler runs, A2 renews its claim on a heartbeat,
+and a failed renewal retries promptly while the lease can still be saved.
+A short stall is free: blocking the event loop for less than the lease's
+slack costs nothing, because an overdue beat fires the moment the loop
+wakes. If no renewal lands before the lease lapses, the signal fires with
+an `A2Error` reason of code `CLAIM_EXPIRED`. That decision is local (no
+store round trip), so it works even while the store is unreachable, and
+it means: assume a recovery run is taking over, stop external work now.
+If a successor has provably claimed the event, the reason is
+`SUPERSEDED_ATTEMPT` instead; by then a lapsed run's signal has usually
+already fired. A superseded run can no longer write to the log or
+complete; wiring `ctx.signal` into your external calls is what stops it
+from racing its successor outside A2.
+
+The right response depends on the reason, and the default wiring gets
+every case correct: pass `ctx.signal` to your I/O and let the abort
+propagate. A propagated lease abort (`CLAIM_EXPIRED` or
+`SUPERSEDED_ATTEMPT`, which is exactly what `fetch(url, { signal })`
+rejects with) makes A2 surrender the attempt: no completion recorded,
+no failure budget spent, and the event recovers normally. A user
+cancellation (`abortOn`) is the one case to catch and return normally,
+because the stop is the outcome and the completion should count.
+Return normally after a lease abort only when the work is actually
+done: a lapsed run that finished, with no successor claimed yet, still
+completes and its completion counts. Any other throw is a real failure
+and spends the retry budget.
 
 When one session multiplexes work (several generations over its
 lifetime), match by *instance*, not just type, with a predicate:

package/docs/guides/03-react.mdx

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ paint, a stream keeps it fresh, and writes apply instantly. One reducer
 produces every one of those views; server and client fold the same log
 with the same function, so they can't disagree.
 
-That's the trick, really. The client doesn't sync state. It syncs events,
-and folds them locally. State sync is a hard problem. An append-only log
-with positions is not.
+That's the trick, really. The client receives one state snapshot and its log
+position, then syncs later events and folds them locally. It does not keep
+synchronizing state. An append-only log with positions is simpler.
 
 This is session sync. The client follows one known session id; it does not
 subscribe to database tables or queries across many sessions. Keep those
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ export async function GET(req: Request) {
   if (!sessionId) {
     return errorResponse(new A2Error('INVALID_PAYLOAD', 'missing sessionId'))
   }
-  const startAt = Number(searchParams.get('index')) || 0
+  const startAfter = Number(searchParams.get('index')) || 0
 
   // here's where you'd do auth, or any other checks
 
-  return sseResponse(ordersServer.session(sessionId).stream({ startAt }))
+  return sseResponse(ordersServer.session(sessionId).stream({ startAfter }))
 }
 
 export async function POST(req: Request) {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ export async function POST(req: Request) {
 }
 ```
 
-`GET` is the read path. `stream({ startAt })` is a live `AsyncIterable` of
+`GET` is the read path. `stream({ startAfter })` is a live `AsyncIterable` of
 one session's events starting after a given position, and `sseResponse`
 pipes it into a server-sent events response. Clients pass `index` to resume
 exactly where they left off, after a first paint or a dropped
@@ -114,16 +114,12 @@ export default async function OrderPage({
   const { orderId } = await params
   const session = ordersServer.session(orderId)
   const { state, index } = await session.state(ordersReducer)
-  const initialEvents = (await session.history()).filter(
-    (event) => event.index <= index,
-  )
 
   return (
     <SessionProvider
       sessionId={orderId}
       initialState={state}
       initialIndex={index}
-      initialEvents={initialEvents}
     >
       <OrderClient />
     </SessionProvider>
@@ -131,12 +127,10 @@ export default async function OrderPage({
 }
 ```
 
-Three props do the heavy lifting. `initialState` is the fold; `initialIndex`
-is its frontier, the log position the fold reflects; `initialEvents` makes
-the raw feed available in the server render too. Reading state before history
-and filtering at the state frontier gives both values one consistent boundary.
-The client opens its stream at exactly that position. Nothing missed, nothing
-folded twice.
+Two props do the heavy lifting. `initialState` is the fold. `initialIndex` is
+its frontier, the log position the fold reflects. The client opens its stream
+after that position. The stream catches up any events appended after the server
+fold, then stays live. No history read is needed to hydrate state.
 (No `reducer` or `api` prop: the provider got both from the shared client.)
 
 ## The client component
@@ -146,7 +140,7 @@ folded twice.
 import { useSession } from './session'
 
 export function OrderClient() {
-  const { state, push, events, index } = useSession()
+  const { state, push } = useSession()
 
   return (
     <button onClick={() => push({ type: 'shop.started', payload: {} })}>
@@ -172,9 +166,14 @@ What the hook gives you:
   live stream delivers the batch back and the view shows server truth.
   `await push(...).confirmed` is "continue once this is real"; two
   `performance.now()` calls around the two awaits are a complete
-  push→ack→stream latency meter.
-- **`events`**: the raw feed `state` is folded from, for UI that wants
-  the log itself: an activity feed, a debug panel.
+  push→ack→stream latency meter. Overlapping calls on the same
+  session still apply immediately, then enter the transport in call
+  order. Controls do not need to wait or disable themselves to preserve
+  that order.
+- **`events`**: the raw events this client has observed or was explicitly
+  seeded with. With only the server snapshot, it begins after `initialIndex`.
+  Use it for UI that wants the log itself: an activity feed, a debug panel.
+  Earlier events are not needed to hydrate `state`.
 - **`index`**: the stream frontier, the last server-confirmed log
   position. This is the `lastSeenIndex` that makes
   [cancellation](/guides/cancellation) exact.
@@ -204,7 +203,7 @@ is the L2: it survives reloads; the memory runtime does not.
 One detail worth knowing: every push carries a client-generated event id.
 That id is how the ack finds its optimistic entry, and it makes retrying
 a failed `POST` idempotent for free (`push` auto-retries only
-`LOG_UNAVAILABLE`).
+`STORE_UNAVAILABLE`).
 
 Optimistic pushes are also what make [cancellation](/guides/cancellation)
 feel instant: the `cancelled` event folds locally before the server ever

package/docs/guides/04-local-first.mdx

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Local-first is usually hard because it means syncing state, and state
 needs merging. A2 caches an append-only log with server-assigned positions
 instead. A cached event can never be *wrong*; this browser can only be
 *behind*. Catching up is fetching events after an index, which is what
-`stream({ startAt })` does anyway. There's no merge function because
+`stream({ startAfter })` does anyway. There's no merge function because
 there's nothing to merge.
 
 ## What gets stored