exiftool-vendored.exe 12.99.0 → 13.16.0

package/bin/exiftool_files/lib/Image/ExifTool/QuickTime.pm

@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@
 package Image::ExifTool::QuickTime;
 
 use strict;
-use vars qw($VERSION $AUTOLOAD %stringEncoding);
+use vars qw($VERSION $AUTOLOAD %stringEncoding %avType);
 use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
 use Image::ExifTool::Exif;
 use Image::ExifTool::GPS;
 
-$VERSION = '3.04';
+$VERSION = '3.11';
 
 sub ProcessMOV($$;$);
 sub ProcessKeys($$$);
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ sub Process_gsen($$$);
 sub Process_gdat($$$);
 sub Process_nbmt($$$);
 sub ProcessKenwood($$$);
-sub ProcessLIGO_JSON($$$);
 sub ProcessRIFFTrailer($$$);
 sub ProcessTTAD($$$);
 sub ProcessNMEA($$$);
@@ -252,15 +251,20 @@ my %timeInfo = (
     # Note: This value will be in UTC if generated by a system that is aware of the time zone
     # (also note: this code is duplicated for the CreateDate tag)
     RawConv => q{
-        my $offset = (66 * 365 + 17) * 24 * 3600;
-        return $val - $offset if $val >= $offset or $$self{OPTIONS}{QuickTimeUTC};
-        if ($val and not $$self{IsWriting}) {
-            $self->WarnOnce('Patched incorrect time zero for QuickTime date/time tag',1);
+        if ($val) {
+            my $offset = (66 * 365 + 17) * 24 * 3600;
+            if ($val >= $offset or $$self{OPTIONS}{QuickTimeUTC}) {
+                $val -= $offset;
+            } elsif (not $$self{IsWriting}) {
+                $self->Warn('Patched incorrect time zero for QuickTime date/time tag',1);
+            }
+        } else {
+            undef $val if $self->Options('StrictDate');
         }
         return $val;
     },
     RawConvInv => q{
-        if ($$self{FileType} eq 'CR3' and not $self->Options('QuickTimeUTC')) {
+        if ($val and $$self{FileType} eq 'CR3' and not $self->Options('QuickTimeUTC')) {
             # convert to UTC
             my $offset = (66 * 365 + 17) * 24 * 3600;
             $val = ConvertUnixTime($val - $offset);
@@ -273,10 +277,14 @@ my %timeInfo = (
     ValueConvInv => q{
         $val = GetUnixTime($val, $self->Options("QuickTimeUTC"));
         return undef unless defined $val;
+        return $val unless $val;
         return $val + (66 * 365 + 17) * 24 * 3600;
     },
     PrintConv => '$self->ConvertDateTime($val)',
-    PrintConvInv => '$self->InverseDateTime($val)',
+    PrintConvInv => q{
+        return $val if $val eq '0000:00:00 00:00:00';
+        return $self->InverseDateTime($val);
+    }
     # (can't put Groups here because they aren't constant!)
 );
 # properties for ISO 8601 format date/time tags
@@ -350,6 +358,19 @@ my %vendorID = (
     5 => 'UTF16',
 );
 
+# media types for which we have separate Keys tables (AudioKeys, VideoKeys)
+%avType = (
+    soun => 'Audio',
+    vide => 'Video',
+);
+
+# path to Keys/ItemList/UserData tags stored in tracks
+my %trackPath = (
+    'MOV-Movie-Track-Meta-ItemList' => 'Keys',
+    'MOV-Movie-Track-UserData-Meta-ItemList' => 'ItemList',
+    'MOV-Movie-Track-UserData' => 'UserData',
+);
+
 my %graphicsMode = (
     # (ref http://homepage.mac.com/vanhoek/MovieGuts%20docs/64.html)
     0x00 => 'srcCopy',
@@ -584,7 +605,26 @@ my %userDefined = (
             Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^\0[\0-\x04]..[a-zA-Z ]{4}/s',
             SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::SkipInfo' },
         },
-        { Name => 'Skip', Unknown => 1, Binary => 1 },
+        {
+            Name => 'LigoGPSInfo',
+            Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^LIGOGPSINFO\0/ and $$self{OPTIONS}{ExtractEmbedded}',
+            SubDirectory => {
+                TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::Stream',
+                ProcessProc => 'Image::ExifTool::LigoGPS::ProcessLigoGPS',
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            Name => 'Skip',
+            RawConv => q{
+                if ($val =~ /^LIGOGPSINFO\0/) {
+                    $self->Warn('Use the ExtractEmbedded option to decode timed GPS',3);
+                    return undef;
+                }
+                return $val;
+            },
+            Unknown => 1,
+            Binary => 1,
+        },
     ],
     wide => { Unknown => 1, Binary => 1 },
     ftyp => { #MP4
@@ -677,7 +717,7 @@ my %userDefined = (
             Condition => '$$valPt=~/^\xef\xe1\x58\x9a\xbb\x77\x49\xef\x80\x95\x27\x75\x9e\xb1\xdc\x6f/',
             Notes => 'raw 360Fly sensor data without ExtractEmbedded option',
             RawConv => q{
-                $self->WarnOnce('Use the ExtractEmbedded option to decode timed SensorData',3);
+                $self->Warn('Use the ExtractEmbedded option to decode timed SensorData',3);
                 return \$val;
             },
         },
@@ -762,11 +802,11 @@ my %userDefined = (
             ProcessProc => \&ProcessKenwood,
         },
     },{
-        Name => 'LIGO_JSON',
+        Name => 'LigoJSON',
         Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^LIGOGPSINFO \{/',
         SubDirectory => {
             TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::Stream',
-            ProcessProc => \&ProcessLIGO_JSON,
+            ProcessProc => 'Image::ExifTool::LigoGPS::ProcessLigoJSON',
         },
     },{
         Name => 'FLIRData',
@@ -902,6 +942,10 @@ my %userDefined = (
     },
     # '35AX'? - seen "AT" (Yada RoadCam Pro 4K dashcam)
     cust => 'CustomInfo', # 70mai A810
+    SEAL => {
+        Name => 'SEAL',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::XMP::SEAL' },
+    },
 );
 
 # stuff seen in 'skip' atom (70mai Pro Plus+ MP4 videos)
@@ -1299,7 +1343,7 @@ my %userDefined = (
             Condition => '$$valPt=~/^\x9b\x63\x0f\x8d\x63\x74\x40\xec\x82\x04\xbc\x5f\xf5\x09\x17\x28/',
             Notes => 'Garmin GPS sensor data',
             RawConv => q{
-                $self->WarnOnce('Use the ExtractEmbedded option to decode timed Garmin GPS',3);
+                $self->Warn('Use the ExtractEmbedded option to decode timed Garmin GPS',3);
                 return \$val;
             },
         },
@@ -1399,11 +1443,15 @@ my %userDefined = (
         Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
         %timeInfo,
         RawConv => q{
-            my $offset = (66 * 365 + 17) * 24 * 3600;
-            if ($val >= $offset or $$self{OPTIONS}{QuickTimeUTC}) {
-                $val -= $offset;
-            } elsif ($val and not $$self{IsWriting}) {
-                $self->WarnOnce('Patched incorrect time zero for QuickTime date/time tag',1);
+            if ($val) {
+                my $offset = (66 * 365 + 17) * 24 * 3600;
+                if ($val >= $offset or $$self{OPTIONS}{QuickTimeUTC}) {
+                    $val -= $offset;
+                } elsif (not $$self{IsWriting}) {
+                    $self->Warn('Patched incorrect time zero for QuickTime date/time tag',1);
+                }
+            } else {
+                undef $val if $$self{OPTIONS}{StrictDate};
             }
             return $$self{CreateDate} = $val;
         },
@@ -1501,7 +1549,7 @@ my %userDefined = (
             # (this tag is readable/writable as a block through the Extra SphericalVideoXML tags)
             Condition => '$$valPt=~/^\xff\xcc\x82\x63\xf8\x55\x4a\x93\x88\x14\x58\x7a\x02\x52\x1f\xdd/',
             WriteGroup => 'GSpherical', # write only GSpherical XMP tags here
-            HandlerType => 'vide',      # only write in video tracks
+            MediaType => 'vide',        # only write in video tracks
             SubDirectory => {
                 TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main',
                 Start => 16,
@@ -2209,8 +2257,8 @@ my %userDefined = (
     _cx_ => { Name => 'CX',    Format => 'rational64s', Unknown => 1 },
     _cy_ => { Name => 'CY',    Format => 'rational64s', Unknown => 1 },
     rads => { Name => 'Rads',  Format => 'rational64s', Unknown => 1 },
-    lvlm => { Name => 'LevelMeter', Format => 'rational64s', Unknown => 1 }, # (guess)
-    Lvlm => { Name => 'LevelMeter', Format => 'rational64s', Unknown => 1 }, # (guess)
+    lvlm => { Name => 'LevelMeter', Format => 'rational64s', Unknown => 1 }, # (guess, Kodak proprietary)
+    Lvlm => { Name => 'LevelMeter', Format => 'rational64s', Unknown => 1 }, # (guess, Kodak proprietary)
     pose => { Name => 'pose', SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Kodak::pose' } },
     # AMBA => Ambarella AVC atom (unknown data written by Kodak Playsport video cam)
     # tmlp - 1 byte: 0 (PixPro SP360/4KVR360)
@@ -2553,7 +2601,7 @@ my %userDefined = (
     TTID => { Name => 'TomTomID', ValueConv => 'unpack("x4H*",$val)' },
     TTVI => { Name => 'TomTomVI', Format => 'int32u', Unknown => 1 }, # seen: "0 1 61 508 508"
     # TTVD seen: "normal 720p 60fps 60fps 16/9 wide 1x"
-    TTVD => { Name => 'TomTomVD', ValueConv => 'my @a = ($val =~ /[\x20-\x7f]+/g); "@a"', List => 1 },
+    TTVD => { Name => 'TomTomVD', ValueConv => 'my @a = ($val =~ /[\x20-\x7e]+/g); "@a"', List => 1 },
 );
 
 # User-specific media data atoms (ref 11)
@@ -2809,7 +2857,7 @@ my %userDefined = (
     },
     iinf => [{
         Name => 'ItemInformation',
-        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^\0/', # (check for version 0)
+        Condition => '$$self{LastItemID} = -1; $$valPt =~ /^\0/', # (check for version 0)
         SubDirectory => {
             TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::ItemInfo',
             Start => 6, # (4-byte version/flags + 2-byte count)
@@ -2829,10 +2877,18 @@ my %userDefined = (
             IgnoreProp => { NonRealTimeMeta => 1 }, # ignore container for Sony 'nrtm'
         },
     },
-   'keys' => {
+   'keys' => [{
+        Name => 'AudioKeys',
+        Condition => '$$self{MediaType} eq "soun"',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::AudioKeys' },
+    },{
+        Name => 'VideoKeys',
+        Condition => '$$self{MediaType} eq "vide"',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::VideoKeys' },
+    },{
         Name => 'Keys',
         SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::Keys' },
-    },
+    }],
     bxml => {
         Name => 'BinaryXML',
         Flags => ['Binary','Unknown'],
@@ -2881,6 +2937,17 @@ my %userDefined = (
             %unknownInfo,
         },
     ],
+    grpl => {
+        Name => 'Unknown_grpl',
+        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::grpl' },
+    },
+);
+
+# unknown grpl container
+%Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::grpl = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&ProcessMOV,
+    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
+    # altr - seen "00 00 00 00 00 00 00 41 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 42 00 00 00 2e"
 );
 
 # additional metadata container (ref ISO14496-12:2015)
@@ -3025,6 +3092,7 @@ my %userDefined = (
 );
 
 # ref https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-spec/av1-spec.pdf
+# (NOTE: conversions are the same as Image::ExifTool::ICC_Profile::ColorRep tags)
 %Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::ColorRep = (
     PROCESS_PROC => \&Image::ExifTool::ProcessBinaryData,
     GROUPS => { 2 => 'Video' },
@@ -3097,6 +3165,7 @@ my %userDefined = (
     10 => {
         Name => 'VideoFullRangeFlag',
         Mask => 0x80,
+        PrintConv => { 0 => 'Limited', 1 => 'Full' },
     },
 );
 
@@ -3307,7 +3376,13 @@ my %userDefined = (
         the associations between items in the file.  This information is used by
         ExifTool, but these entries are not extracted as tags.
     },
-    dimg => { Name => 'DerivedImageRef',   RawConv => 'undef' },
+    dimg => {
+        Name => 'DerivedImageRef',
+        # also parse these for the ID of the primary 'tmap' item
+        # (tone-mapped image in HDRGainMap HEIC by iPhone 15 and 16)
+        RawConv => \&ParseContentDescribes,
+        WriteHook => \&ParseContentDescribes,
+    },
     thmb => { Name => 'ThumbnailRef',      RawConv => 'undef' },
     auxl => { Name => 'AuxiliaryImageRef', RawConv => 'undef' },
     cdsc => {
@@ -3325,7 +3400,8 @@ my %userDefined = (
     # hvc1 - HEVC image
     # lhv1 - L-HEVC image
     # infe - ItemInformationEntry
-    # infe types: avc1,hvc1,lhv1,Exif,xml1,iovl(overlay image),grid,mime,hvt1(tile image)
+    # infe types: avc1,hvc1,lhv1,Exif,xml1,iovl(overlay image),grid,mime,tmap,hvt1(tile image)
+    # ('tmap' has something to do with the new gainmap written by iPhone 15 and 16)
     infe => {
         Name => 'ItemInfoEntry',
         RawConv => \&ParseItemInfoEntry,
@@ -3446,7 +3522,11 @@ my %userDefined = (
 #
     '----' => {
         Name => 'iTunesInfo',
-        SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::iTunesInfo' },
+        Deletable => 1, # (deletable via 'iTunes' group)
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::iTunesInfo',
+            DirName => 'iTunes', # (necessary for group 'iTunes' delete)
+        },
     },
     aART => { Name => 'AlbumArtist', Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
     covr => { Name => 'CoverArt',    Groups => { 2 => 'Preview' }, Binary => 1 },
@@ -3553,7 +3633,7 @@ my %userDefined = (
             my $id = Image::ExifTool::ID3::GetGenreID($val);
             return unless defined $id and $id =~ /^\d+$/;
             return $id + 1;
-        }, 
+        },
     },
     egid => 'EpisodeGlobalUniqueID', #7
     geID => { #10
@@ -6601,21 +6681,11 @@ my %userDefined = (
     publisher   => { },
     software    => { },
     year        => { Groups => { 2 => 'Time' } },
-    'camera.identifier' => 'CameraIdentifier', # (iPhone 4)
-    'camera.framereadouttimeinmicroseconds' => { # (iPhone 4)
-        Name => 'FrameReadoutTime',
-        ValueConv => '$val * 1e-6',
-        ValueConvInv => 'int($val * 1e6 + 0.5)',
-        PrintConv => '$val * 1e6 . " microseconds"',
-        PrintConvInv => '$val =~ s/ .*//; $val * 1e-6',
-    },
-  # 'camera.focal_length.35mm_equivalent' - not top level (written to Keys in video track)
-  # 'camera.lens_model'                   - not top level (written to Keys in video track)
     'location.ISO6709' => {
         Name => 'GPSCoordinates',
         Groups => { 2 => 'Location' },
         Notes => q{
-            Google Photos may ignore this if the coorinates have more than 5 digits
+            Google Photos may ignore this if the coordinates have more than 5 digits
             after the decimal
         },
         ValueConv => \&ConvertISO6709,
@@ -6671,7 +6741,6 @@ my %userDefined = (
 #
 # the following tags aren't in the com.apple.quicktime namespace:
 #
-    'com.apple.photos.captureMode' => 'CaptureMode',
     'com.android.version' => 'AndroidVersion',
     'com.android.capture.fps' => { Name  => 'AndroidCaptureFPS', Writable => 'float' },
     'com.android.manufacturer' => 'AndroidMake',
@@ -6753,6 +6822,7 @@ my %userDefined = (
         ValueConv => 'unpack("N", $val)',
         Writable => 0, # (don't make this writable because it is found in timed metadata)
     },
+    'full-frame-rate-playback-intent' => 'FullFrameRatePlaybackIntent', #forum16824
 #
 # seen in Apple ProRes RAW file
 #
@@ -6770,6 +6840,58 @@ my %userDefined = (
     # (mdta)com.apple.proapps.image.{TIFF}.Software (eg. "9.0")
 );
 
+# Keys tags in the audio track (ref PH)
+%Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::AudioKeys = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&ProcessKeys,
+    WRITE_PROC => \&WriteKeys,
+    CHECK_PROC => \&CheckQTValue,
+    WRITABLE => 1,
+    GROUPS => { 1 => 'AudioKeys', 2 => 'Audio' },
+    WRITE_GROUP => 'AudioKeys',
+    LANG_INFO => \&GetLangInfo,
+    NOTES => q{
+        Keys tags written in the audio track by some Apple devices.  These tags
+        belong to the ExifTool AudioKeys family 1 gorup.
+    },
+    'player.movie.audio.gain'       => 'AudioGain',
+    'player.movie.audio.treble'     => 'Treble',
+    'player.movie.audio.bass'       => 'Bass',
+    'player.movie.audio.balance'    => 'Balance',
+    'player.movie.audio.pitchshift' => 'PitchShift',
+    'player.movie.audio.mute' => {
+        Name => 'Mute',
+        Format => 'int8u',
+        PrintConv => { 0 => 'Off', 1 => 'On' },
+    },
+);
+
+# Keys tags in the video track (ref PH)
+%Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::VideoKeys = (
+    PROCESS_PROC => \&ProcessKeys,
+    WRITE_PROC => \&WriteKeys,
+    CHECK_PROC => \&CheckQTValue,
+    VARS => { LONG_TAGS => 2 },
+    WRITABLE => 1,
+    GROUPS => { 1 => 'VideoKeys', 2 => 'Camera' },
+    WRITE_GROUP => 'VideoKeys',
+    LANG_INFO => \&GetLangInfo,
+    NOTES => q{
+        Keys tags written in the video track.  These tags belong to the ExifTool
+        VideoKeys family 1 gorup.
+    },
+    'camera.identifier' => 'CameraIdentifier',
+    'camera.lens_model' => 'LensModel',
+    'camera.focal_length.35mm_equivalent' => 'FocalLengthIn35mmFormat',
+    'camera.framereadouttimeinmicroseconds' => {
+        Name => 'FrameReadoutTime',
+        ValueConv => '$val * 1e-6',
+        ValueConvInv => 'int($val * 1e6 + 0.5)',
+        PrintConv => '$val * 1e6 . " microseconds"',
+        PrintConvInv => '$val =~ s/ .*//; $val * 1e-6',
+    },
+    'com.apple.photos.captureMode' => 'CaptureMode',
+);
+
 # iTunes info ('----') atoms
 %Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::iTunesInfo = (
     PROCESS_PROC => \&ProcessMOV,
@@ -7235,7 +7357,7 @@ my %userDefined = (
         {
             Name => 'VideoFrameRate',
             Notes => 'average rate calculated from time-to-sample table for video media',
-            Condition => '$$self{HandlerType} and $$self{HandlerType} eq "vide"',
+            Condition => '$$self{MediaType} eq "vide"',
             Format => 'undef',  # (necessary to prevent decoding as string!)
             # (must be RawConv so appropriate MediaTS is used in calculation)
             RawConv => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::CalcSampleRate($self, \$val)',
@@ -7826,7 +7948,6 @@ my %userDefined = (
     mode => 'ModeFlags', #PH (?) 0x04 is HD flag (https://compilr.com/heksesang/requiem-mac/UnDrm.java)
     # sing - seen 4 zeros
     # hi32 - seen "00 00 00 04"
-    
 );
 
 # MP4 hint sample description box (ref 5)
@@ -8074,6 +8195,7 @@ my %userDefined = (
         Format => 'undef[4]',
         RawConv => q{
             $$self{HandlerType} = $val unless $val eq 'alis' or $val eq 'url ';
+            $$self{MediaType} = $val if @{$$self{PATH}} > 1 and $$self{PATH}[-2] eq 'Media';
             $$self{HasHandler}{$val} = 1; # remember all our handlers
             return $val;
         },
@@ -8658,24 +8780,28 @@ sub UnpackLang($;$)
 # Get language code string given QuickTime language and country codes
 # Inputs: 0) numerical language code, 1) numerical country code, 2) no defaults
 # Returns: language code string (ie. "fra-FR") or undef for default language
+# ex) 0x15c7 0x0000 is 'eng' with no country (ie. returns 'und' unless $noDef)
+#     0x15c7 0x5553 is 'eng-US'
+#     0x1a41 0x4652 is 'fra-FR'
+#     0x55c4 is 'und'
 sub GetLangCode($;$$)
 {
     my ($lang, $ctry, $noDef) = @_;
     # ignore country ('ctry') and language lists ('lang') for now
     undef $ctry if $ctry and $ctry <= 255;
     undef $lang if $lang and $lang <= 255;
-    $lang = UnpackLang($lang, $noDef);
+    my $langCode = UnpackLang($lang, $noDef);
     # add country code if specified
     if ($ctry) {
         $ctry = unpack('a2',pack('n',$ctry)); # unpack as ISO 3166-1
         # treat 'ZZ' like a default country (see ref 12)
         undef $ctry if $ctry eq 'ZZ';
         if ($ctry and $ctry =~ /^[A-Z]{2}$/) {
-            $lang or $lang = 'und';
-            $lang .= "-$ctry";
+            $langCode or $langCode = UnpackLang($lang,1) || 'und';
+            $langCode .= "-$ctry";
         }
     }
-    return $lang;
+    return $langCode;
 }
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -8773,6 +8899,7 @@ sub PrintableTagID($;$)
 #  ContentType        - mime type of item
 #  ContentEncoding    - item encoding
 #  URI                - URI of a 'uri '-type item
+#  infe               - raw data for 'infe' box (when writing only) [retracted]
 # ipma:
 #  Association        - list of associated properties in the ipco container
 #  Essential          - list of "essential" flags for the associated properties
@@ -8923,10 +9050,18 @@ sub ParseItemInfoEntry($$)
             $$items{$id}{URI} = GetString(\$val, $pos);
         }
     }
+    #[retracted] # save raw infe box when writing in case we need to sort items later
+    #[retracted] $$items{$id}{infe} = pack('N', length($val)+8) . 'infe' . $val if $$et{IsWriting};
     $et->VPrint(1, "$$et{INDENT}  Item $id: Type=", $$items{$id}{Type} || '',
                    ' Name=', $$items{$id}{Name} || '',
                    ' ContentType=', $$items{$id}{ContentType} || '',
+                   ($$et{PrimaryItem} and $$et{PrimaryItem} == $id) ? ' (PrimaryItem)' : '',
                    "\n") if $verbose > 1;
+    unless ($id > $$et{LastItemID}) {
+        $et->Warn('Item info entries are out of order'); #[retracted] unless $$et{IsWriting};
+        #[retracted] $$et{ItemsNotSorted} = 1;   # set flag indicating the items weren't sorted
+    }
+    $$et{LastItemID} = $id;
     return undef;
 }
 
@@ -8947,6 +9082,7 @@ sub ParseItemPropAssoc($$)
     my $flg = Get32u(\$val, 0);
     my $num = Get32u(\$val, 4);
     my $pos = 8;
+    my $lastID = -1;
     for ($i=0; $i<$num; ++$i) {
         if ($ver == 0) {
             return undef if $pos + 3 > $len;
@@ -8979,6 +9115,9 @@ sub ParseItemPropAssoc($$)
         $$items{$id}{Association} = \@association;
         $$items{$id}{Essential} = \@essential;
         $et->VPrint(1, "$$et{INDENT}  Item $id properties: @association\n") if $verbose > 1;
+        # (according to ISO/IEC 23008-12, these entries must be sorted by item ID)
+        $et->Warn('Item property association entries are out of order') unless $id > $lastID;
+        $lastID = $id;
     }
     return undef;
 }
@@ -9025,18 +9164,21 @@ sub HandleItemInfo($)
                 }
             }
             $warn = "Can't currently decode protected $type metadata" if $$item{ProtectionIndex};
-            $warn = "Can't currently extract $type with construction method $$item{ConstructionMethod}" if $$item{ConstructionMethod};
-            $et->WarnOnce($warn) if $warn and $name;
+            # Note: In HEIC's, these seem to indicate data in 'idat' instead of 'mdat'
+            my $constMeth = $$item{ConstructionMethod} || 0;
+            $warn = "Can't currently extract $type with construction method $constMeth" if $constMeth > 1;
+            $warn = "No 'idat' for $type object with construction method 1" if $constMeth == 1 and not $$et{MediaDataInfo};
+            $et->Warn($warn) if $warn and $name;
             $warn = 'Not this file' if $$item{DataReferenceIndex}; # (can only extract from "this file")
             unless (($$item{Extents} and @{$$item{Extents}}) or $warn) {
                 $warn = "No Extents for $type item";
-                $et->WarnOnce($warn) if $name;
+                $et->Warn($warn) if $name;
             }
             if ($warn) {
                 $et->VPrint(0, "$$et{INDENT}    [not extracted]  ($warn)\n") if $verbose > 2;
                 next;
             }
-            my $base = $$item{BaseOffset} || 0;
+            my $base = ($$item{BaseOffset} || 0) + ($constMeth ? $$et{MediaDataInfo}[0] : 0);
             if ($verbose > 2) {
                 # do verbose hex dump
                 my $len = 0;
@@ -9094,7 +9236,7 @@ sub HandleItemInfo($)
                     $et->VerboseDump(\$buff);
                 } else {
                     $warn = "Error inflating $name metadata";
-                    $et->WarnOnce($warn);
+                    $et->Warn($warn);
                     $et->VPrint(0, "$$et{INDENT}    [not extracted]  ($warn)\n") if $verbose > 2;
                     next;
                 }
@@ -9175,6 +9317,7 @@ sub HandleItemInfo($)
         delete $$et{DOC_NUM};
     }
     delete $$et{ItemInfo};
+    delete $$et{MediaDataInfo};
 }
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -9183,7 +9326,7 @@ sub HandleItemInfo($)
 sub EEWarn($)
 {
     my $et = shift;
-    $et->WarnOnce('The ExtractEmbedded option may find more tags in the media data',3);
+    $et->Warn('The ExtractEmbedded option may find more tags in the media data',3);
 }
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -9476,6 +9619,8 @@ sub ProcessKeys($$$)
             my $groups = $$tagInfo{Groups};
             $$newInfo{Groups} = $groups ? { %$groups } : { };
             $$newInfo{Groups}{$_} or $$newInfo{Groups}{$_} = $$tagTablePtr{GROUPS}{$_} foreach 0..2;
+            # set Keys group.  This is necessary for logic when reading the associated ItemList entry,
+            # but note that the group name will be overridden by TAG_EXTRA G1 for tags in a track
             $$newInfo{Groups}{1} = 'Keys';
         } elsif ($tag =~ /^[-\w. ]+$/ or $tag =~ /\w{4}/) {
             # create info for tags with reasonable id's
@@ -9522,6 +9667,43 @@ sub ProcessMetaKeys($$$)
     return 1;
 }
 
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Identify trailers at specified offset from end of file
+# Inputs: 0) RAF reference, 1) Offset from end of file
+# Returns: Array ref to first trailer in linked list: 0) name of trailer,
+#          1) absolute offset to start of this trailer, 2) trailer length,
+#          3) ref to next trailer. Or undef if no trailer found, or error string on error
+# - file position is returned to its original location
+sub IdentifyTrailers($)
+{
+    my $raf = shift;
+    my ($trailer, $nextTrail, $buff, $type, $len);
+    my $pos = $raf->Tell();
+    my $offset = 0; # positive offset back from end of file
+    while ($raf->Seek(-40-$offset, 2) and $raf->Read($buff, 40) == 40) {
+        if (substr($buff, 8) eq '8db42d694ccc418790edff439fe026bf') {
+            ($type, $len) = ('Insta360', unpack('V',$buff));
+        } elsif ($buff =~ /\&\&\&\&(.{4})$/) {
+            ($type, $len) = ('LigoGPS', Get32u(\$buff, 36));
+        } elsif ($buff =~ /~\0\x04\0zmie~\0\0\x06.{4}([\x10\x18])(\x04)$/s or
+                 $buff =~ /~\0\x04\0zmie~\0\0\x0a.{8}([\x10\x18])(\x08)$/s)
+        {
+            my $oldOrder = GetByteOrder();
+            SetByteOrder($1 eq "\x10" ? 'MM' : 'II');
+            $type = 'MIE';
+            $len = ($2 eq "\x04") ? Get32u(\$buff, 34) : Get64u(\$buff, 30);
+            SetByteOrder($oldOrder);
+        } else {
+            last;
+        }
+        $trailer = [ $type , $raf->Tell() - $len, $len, $nextTrail ];
+        $nextTrail = $trailer;
+        $offset += $len;
+    }
+    $raf->Seek($pos,0) or return 'Seek error';
+    return $trailer;
+}
+
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Process a QuickTime atom
 # Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) optional tag table ref
@@ -9543,7 +9725,7 @@ sub ProcessMOV($$;$)
 
     my $topLevel = not $$et{InQuickTime};
     $$et{InQuickTime} = 1;
-    $$et{HandlerType} = $$et{MetaFormat} = '' unless defined $$et{HandlerType};
+    $$et{HandlerType} = $$et{MetaFormat} = $$et{MediaType} = '' if $topLevel;
 
     unless (defined $$et{KeysCount}) {
         $$et{KeysCount} = 0;    # initialize ItemList key directory count
@@ -9569,15 +9751,10 @@ sub ProcessMOV($$;$)
     }
     ($size, $tag) = unpack('Na4', $buff);
     my $fast = $$et{OPTIONS}{FastScan} || 0;
-    # check for Insta360 trailer
+    # check for Insta360, LIGOGPSINFO or MIE trailer
     if ($topLevel and not $fast) {
-        my $pos = $raf->Tell();
-        if ($raf->Seek(-40, 2) and $raf->Read($buff, 40) == 40 and
-            substr($buff, 8) eq '8db42d694ccc418790edff439fe026bf')
-        {
-            $trailer = [ 'Insta360', $raf->Tell() - unpack('V',$buff) ];
-        }
-        $raf->Seek($pos,0) or return 0;
+        $trailer = IdentifyTrailers($raf);
+        $trailer and not ref $trailer and $et->Warn($trailer), return 0;
     }
     if ($dataPt) {
         $verbose and $et->VerboseDir($$dirInfo{DirName});
@@ -9670,7 +9847,7 @@ sub ProcessMOV($$;$)
                     $warnStr = 'End of processing at large atom (LargeFileSupport not enabled)';
                     last;
                 } elsif ($et->Options('LargeFileSupport') eq '2') {
-                    $et->WarnOnce('Processing large atom (LargeFileSupport is 2)');
+                    $et->Warn('Processing large atom (LargeFileSupport is 2)');
                 }
             }
             $size = $hi * 4294967296 + $lo - 16;
@@ -9685,23 +9862,25 @@ sub ProcessMOV($$;$)
             if ($$et{ValidatePath}{$path} and not $dupTagOK{$tag} and not $dupDirOK{$dirID}) {
                 my $i = Get32u(\$tag,0);
                 my $str = $i < 255 ? "index $i" : "tag '" . PrintableTagID($tag,2) . "'";
-                $et->WarnOnce("Duplicate $str at " . join('-', @{$$et{PATH}}));
+                $et->Warn("Duplicate $str at " . join('-', @{$$et{PATH}}));
                 $$et{ValidatePath} = { } if $path eq 'MOV-moov'; # avoid warnings for all contained dups
             }
             $$et{ValidatePath}{$path} = 1;
         }
         if ($isUserData and $$et{SET_GROUP1}) {
             my $tagInfo = $et->GetTagInfo($tagTablePtr, $tag);
-            # add track name to UserData tags inside tracks
-            $tag = $$et{SET_GROUP1} . $tag;
-            if (not $$tagTablePtr{$tag} and $tagInfo) {
-                my %newInfo = %$tagInfo;
-                foreach ('Name', 'Description') {
-                    next unless $$tagInfo{$_};
-                    $newInfo{$_} = $$et{SET_GROUP1} . $$tagInfo{$_};
-                    $newInfo{$_} =~ s/^(Track\d+)Track/$1/; # remove duplicate "Track" in name
+            unless ($$tagInfo{SubDirectory}) {
+                # add track name to UserData tags inside tracks
+                $tag = $$et{SET_GROUP1} . $tag;
+                if (not $$tagTablePtr{$tag} and $tagInfo) {
+                    my %newInfo = %$tagInfo;
+                    foreach ('Name', 'Description') {
+                        next unless $$tagInfo{$_};
+                        $newInfo{$_} = $$et{SET_GROUP1} . $$tagInfo{$_};
+                        $newInfo{$_} =~ s/^(Track\d+)Track/$1/; # remove duplicate "Track" in name
+                    }
+                    AddTagToTable($tagTablePtr, $tag, \%newInfo);
                 }
-                AddTagToTable($tagTablePtr, $tag, \%newInfo);
             }
         }
         # set flag to store additional information for ExtractEmbedded option
@@ -9757,8 +9936,10 @@ sub ProcessMOV($$;$)
         # save required tag sizes
         if ($$tagTablePtr{"$tag-size"}) {
             $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, "$tag-size", $size);
-            $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, "$tag-offset", $raf->Tell()) if $$tagTablePtr{"$tag-offset"};
+            $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, "$tag-offset", $raf->Tell()+$dirBase) if $$tagTablePtr{"$tag-offset"};
         }
+        # save position/size of 'idat'
+        $$et{MediaDataInfo} = [ $raf->Tell() + $dirBase, $size ] if $tag eq 'idat';
         # stop processing at mdat/idat if -fast2 is used
         last if $fast > 1 and ($tag eq 'mdat' or ($tag eq 'idat' and $$et{FileType} ne 'HEIC'));
         # load values only if associated with a tag (or verbose) and not too big
@@ -9766,7 +9947,7 @@ sub ProcessMOV($$;$)
             # check for RIFF trailer (written by Auto-Vox dashcam)
             if ($buff =~ /^(gpsa|gps0|gsen|gsea)...\0/s) { # (yet seen only gpsa as first record)
                 $et->VPrint(0, sprintf("Found RIFF trailer at offset 0x%x",$lastPos));
-                if ($et->Options('ExtractEmbedded')) {
+                if ($ee) {
                     $raf->Seek(-8, 1) or last;  # seek back to start of trailer
                     my $tbl = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::Stream');
                     ProcessRIFFTrailer($et, { RAF => $raf }, $tbl);
@@ -9916,6 +10097,7 @@ ItemID:         foreach $id (reverse sort { $a <=> $b } keys %$items) {
                 }
             }
             if ($tagInfo) {
+                my @found;
                 my $subdir = $$tagInfo{SubDirectory};
                 if ($subdir) {
                     my $start = $$subdir{Start} || 0;
@@ -10034,21 +10216,23 @@ ItemID:         foreach $id (reverse sort { $a <=> $b } keys %$items) {
                             Index   => $index,
                             Extra   => sprintf(", Type='${type}', Flags=0x%x%s, Lang=0x%.4x",$flags,$str,$lang),
                         ) if $verbose;
-                        # use "Keys" in path instead of ItemList if this was defined by a Keys tag
-                        my $isKey = $$tagInfo{Groups} && $$tagInfo{Groups}{1} && $$tagInfo{Groups}{1} eq 'Keys';
-                        if ($isKey) {
-                            $oldDir = $$et{PATH}[-1];
-                            $$et{PATH}[-1] = 'Keys';
+                        if (defined $value) {
+                            # use "Keys" in path instead of ItemList if this was defined by a Keys tag
+                            # (the only reason for this is to have "Keys" in the family 5 group name)
+                            # Note that the Keys group is specifically set by the ProcessKeys routine,
+                            # even though this tag would be in the ItemList table
+                            my $isKeys = $$tagInfo{Groups} && $$tagInfo{Groups}{1} && $$tagInfo{Groups}{1} eq 'Keys';
+                            $isKeys and $oldDir = $$et{PATH}[-1], $$et{PATH}[-1] = 'Keys';
+                            push @found, $et->FoundTag($langInfo, $value);
+                            $$et{PATH}[-1] = $oldDir if $isKeys;
                         }
-                        $et->FoundTag($langInfo, $value) if defined $value;
-                        $$et{PATH}[-1] = $oldDir if $isKey;
                         $pos += $len;
                     }
                 } elsif ($tag =~ /^\xa9/ or $$tagInfo{IText}) {
                     # parse international text to extract all languages
                     my $pos = 0;
                     if ($$tagInfo{Format}) {
-                        $et->FoundTag($tagInfo, ReadValue(\$val, 0, $$tagInfo{Format}, undef, length($val)));
+                        push @found, $et->FoundTag($tagInfo, ReadValue(\$val, 0, $$tagInfo{Format}, undef, length($val)));
                         $pos = $size;
                     }
                     for (;;) {
@@ -10113,7 +10297,7 @@ ItemID:         foreach $id (reverse sort { $a <=> $b } keys %$items) {
                             $str = substr($val, $pos-$n-2, $n) . $str;
                         }
                         $langInfo = GetLangInfoQT($et, $tagInfo, $lang) if $lang;
-                        $et->FoundTag($langInfo || $tagInfo, $str);
+                        push @found, $et->FoundTag($langInfo || $tagInfo, $str);
                         $pos += $len;
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -10127,6 +10311,7 @@ ItemID:         foreach $id (reverse sort { $a <=> $b } keys %$items) {
                         $$et{BASE} = $dataPos;
                     }
                     my $key = $et->FoundTag($tagInfo, $val);
+                    push @found, $key;
                     $$et{BASE} = $oldBase if defined $oldBase;
                     # decode if necessary (NOTE: must be done after RawConv)
                     if (defined $key and (not $format or $format =~ /^string/) and
@@ -10142,6 +10327,14 @@ ItemID:         foreach $id (reverse sort { $a <=> $b } keys %$items) {
                         }
                     }
                 }
+                # tweak family 1 group names for Keys/ItemList/UserData tags in a track
+                if ($$et{SET_GROUP1} and ($dirID eq 'ilst' or $dirID eq 'udta') and @found) {
+                    my $type = $trackPath{join '-', @{$$et{PATH}}};
+                    if ($type) {
+                        my $grp = ($avType{$$et{MediaType}} || $$et{SET_GROUP1}) . $type;
+                        defined and $et->SetGroup($_, $grp) foreach @found;
+                    }
+                }
             }
         } else {
             $et->VerboseInfo($tag, $tagInfo,
@@ -10154,11 +10347,12 @@ ItemID:         foreach $id (reverse sort { $a <=> $b } keys %$items) {
                 last;
             }
         }
+        $$et{MediaType} = '' if $tag eq 'trak';  # reset track type at end of track
         $dataPos += $size + 8;  # point to start of next atom data
         last if $dirEnd and $dataPos >= $dirEnd; # (note: ignores last value if 0 bytes)
         $lastPos = $raf->Tell() + $dirBase;
         if ($trailer and $lastPos >= $$trailer[1]) {
-            $et->Warn(sprintf('%s trailer at offset 0x%x', @$trailer), 1);
+            $et->Warn(sprintf('%s trailer at offset 0x%x (%d bytes)', @$trailer[0..2]), 1);
             last;
         }
         $raf->Read($buff, 8) == 8 or last;
@@ -10209,7 +10403,33 @@ QTLang: foreach $tag (@{$$et{QTLang}}) {
     # process item information now that we are done processing its 'meta' container
     HandleItemInfo($et) if $topLevel or $dirID eq 'meta';
 
-    ScanMediaData($et) if $ee and $topLevel;  # brute force scan for metadata embedded in media data
+    # process linked list of trailers
+    for (; $trailer; $trailer=$$trailer[3]) {
+        next if $lastPos > $$trailer[1];    # skip if we have already processed this as an atom
+        last unless $raf->Seek($$trailer[1], 0);
+        if ($$trailer[0] eq 'LigoGPS' and $raf->Read($buff, 8) == 8 and $buff =~ /skip$/) {
+            $ee or $et->Warn('Use the ExtractEmbedded option to decode timed GPS',3), next;
+            my $len = Get32u(\$buff, 0) - 16;
+            if ($len > 0 and $raf->Read($buff, $len) == $len and $buff =~ /^LIGOGPSINFO\0/) {
+                my $tbl = GetTagTable('Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::Stream');
+                my %dirInfo = ( DataPt => \$buff, DataPos => $$trailer[1] + 8, DirName => 'LigoGPSTrailer' );
+                Image::ExifTool::LigoGPS::ProcessLigoGPS($et, \%dirInfo, $tbl);
+            } else {
+                $et->Warn('Unrecognized data in LigoGPS trailer');
+            }
+        } elsif ($$trailer[0] eq 'Insta360' and $ee) {
+            # process Insta360 trailer if it exists
+            $raf->Seek(0, 2) or $et->Warn('Seek error'), last;
+            my $offset = $raf->Tell() - $$trailer[1] - $$trailer[2];
+            ProcessInsta360($et, { RAF => $raf, DirName => $$trailer[0], Offset => $offset });
+        } elsif ($$trailer[0] eq 'MIE') {
+            require Image::ExifTool::MIE;
+            Image::ExifTool::MIE::ProcessMIE($et, { RAF => $raf, DirName => 'MIE', Trailer => 1 });
+        }
+    }
+    # brute force scan for metadata embedded in media data
+    # (and process Insta360 trailer if it exists)
+    ScanMediaData($et) if $ee and $topLevel;
 
     # restore any changed options
     $et->Options($_ => $saveOptions{$_}) foreach keys %saveOptions;
@@ -10227,6 +10447,24 @@ sub ProcessQTIF($$)
     return ProcessMOV($et, $dirInfo, $table);
 }
 
+#==============================================================================
+# Autoload LigoGPS module if necessary
+# NOTE: Switches to package LigoGPS!
+#
+package Image::ExifTool::LigoGPS;
+use vars qw($AUTOLOAD);
+sub AUTOLOAD {
+    require Image::ExifTool::LigoGPS;
+    unless (defined &$AUTOLOAD) {
+        my @caller = caller(0);
+        # reproduce Perl's standard 'undefined subroutine' message:
+        die "Undefined subroutine $AUTOLOAD called at $caller[1] line $caller[2]\n";
+    }
+    no strict 'refs';
+    return &$AUTOLOAD(@_);  # call the function
+}
+#==============================================================================
+
 1;  # end
 
 __END__
@@ -10246,7 +10484,7 @@ information from QuickTime and MP4 video, M4A audio, and HEIC image files.
 
 =head1 AUTHOR
 
-Copyright 2003-2024, Phil Harvey (philharvey66 at gmail.com)
+Copyright 2003-2025, Phil Harvey (philharvey66 at gmail.com)
 
 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 under the same terms as Perl itself.