exiftool-vendored.exe 12.30.0 → 12.38.0

package/bin/exiftool_files/lib/Image/ExifTool/QuickTime.pm

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ use Image::ExifTool qw(:DataAccess :Utils);
 use Image::ExifTool::Exif;
 use Image::ExifTool::GPS;
 
-$VERSION = '2.68';
+$VERSION = '2.73';
 
 sub ProcessMOV($$;$);
 sub ProcessKeys($$$);
@@ -482,6 +482,17 @@ my %eeBox2 = (
             # (Pittasoft Blackview dashcam MP4 videos)
             Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^\0\0..(cprt|sttm|ptnm|ptrh|thum|gps |3gf )/s',
             SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::Pittasoft' },
+        },{
+            Name => 'ThumbnailImage',
+            # (DJI Zenmuse XT2 thermal camera)
+            Groups => { 2 => 'Preview' },
+            Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^.{4}mdat\xff\xd8\xff/s',
+            RawConv => q{
+                my $len = unpack('N', $val);
+                return undef if $len <= 8 or $len > length($val);
+                return substr($val, 8, $len-8);
+            },
+            Binary => 1,
         },{
             Unknown => 1,
             Binary => 1,
@@ -558,6 +569,7 @@ my %eeBox2 = (
             # *** this is where ExifTool writes XMP in MP4 videos (as per XMP spec) ***
             Condition => '$$valPt=~/^\xbe\x7a\xcf\xcb\x97\xa9\x42\xe8\x9c\x71\x99\x94\x91\xe3\xaf\xac/',
             WriteGroup => 'XMP',    # (write main XMP tags here)
+            PreservePadding => 1,
             SubDirectory => {
                 TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main',
                 Start => 16,
@@ -607,6 +619,7 @@ my %eeBox2 = (
             Name => 'PreviewImage',
             Condition => '$$valPt=~/^\xea\xf4\x2b\x5e\x1c\x98\x4b\x88\xb9\xfb\xb7\xdc\x40\x6e\x4d\x16/',
             Groups => { 2 => 'Preview' },
+            PreservePadding => 1,
             # 0x00 - undef[16]: UUID
             # 0x10 - int32u[2]: "0 1" (version and/or item count?)
             # 0x18 - int32u: PRVW atom size
@@ -738,6 +751,7 @@ my %eeBox2 = (
         Name => 'SamsungTrailer',
         SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::Samsung::Trailer' },
     },
+    # 'samn'? - seen in Vantrue N2S sample video
 );
 
 # MPEG-4 'ftyp' atom
@@ -6356,7 +6370,7 @@ my %eeBox2 = (
     'player.movie.visual.tint'      => 'Tint',
     'player.movie.visual.contrast'  => 'Contrast',
     'player.movie.audio.gain'       => 'AudioGain',
-    'player.movie.audio.treble'     => 'Trebel',
+    'player.movie.audio.treble'     => 'Treble',
     'player.movie.audio.bass'       => 'Bass',
     'player.movie.audio.balance'    => 'Balance',
     'player.movie.audio.pitchshift' => 'PitchShift',
@@ -6450,10 +6464,12 @@ my %eeBox2 = (
 # iTunes info ('----') atoms
 %Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::iTunesInfo = (
     PROCESS_PROC => \&ProcessMOV,
-    GROUPS => { 2 => 'Audio' },
+    GROUPS => { 1 => 'iTunes', 2 => 'Audio' },
+    VARS => { LONG_TAGS => 0 }, # (hack for discrepancy in the way long tags are counted in BuildTagLookup)
     NOTES => q{
         ExifTool will extract any iTunesInfo tags that exist, even if they are not
-        defined in this table.
+        defined in this table.  These tags belong to the family 1 "iTunes" group,
+        and are not currently writable.
     },
     # 'mean'/'name'/'data' atoms form a triplet, but unfortunately
     # I haven't been able to find any documentation on this.
@@ -6514,9 +6530,45 @@ my %eeBox2 = (
         SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::EncodingParams' },
     },
     # also heard about 'iTunPGAP', but I haven't seen a sample
-    DISCNUMBER => 'DiscNumber', #PH
-    TRACKNUMBER => 'TrackNumber', #PH
-    popularimeter => 'Popularimeter', #PH
+    # all tags below were added based on samples I have seen - PH
+    DISCNUMBER          => 'DiscNumber',
+    TRACKNUMBER         => 'TrackNumber',
+    ARTISTS             => 'Artists',
+    CATALOGNUMBER       => 'CatalogNumber',
+    RATING              => 'Rating',
+    MEDIA               => 'Media',
+    SCRIPT              => 'Script', # character set? (seen 'Latn')
+    BARCODE             => 'Barcode',
+    LABEL               => 'Label',
+    MOOD                => 'Mood',
+    popularimeter       => 'Popularimeter',
+    'Dynamic Range (DR)'=> 'DynamicRange',
+    initialkey          => 'InitialKey',
+    originalyear        => 'OriginalYear',
+    originaldate        => 'OriginalDate',
+    '~length'           => 'Length', # play length? (ie. duration?)
+    replaygain_track_gain=>'ReplayTrackGain',
+    replaygain_track_peak=>'ReplayTrackPeak',
+   'Volume Level (ReplayGain)'=> 'ReplayVolumeLevel',
+   'Dynamic Range (R128)'=> 'DynamicRangeR128',
+   'Volume Level (R128)' => 'VolumeLevelR128',
+   'Peak Level (Sample)' => 'PeakLevelSample',
+   'Peak Level (R128)'   => 'PeakLevelR128',
+    # also seen (many from forum12777):
+    # 'MusicBrainz Album Release Country'
+    # 'MusicBrainz Album Type'
+    # 'MusicBrainz Album Status'
+    # 'MusicBrainz Track Id'
+    # 'MusicBrainz Release Track Id'
+    # 'MusicBrainz Album Id'
+    # 'MusicBrainz Album Artist Id'
+    # 'MusicBrainz Artist Id'
+    # 'Acoustid Id' (sic)
+    # 'Tool Version'
+    # 'Tool Name'
+    # 'ISRC'
+    # 'HDCD'
+    # 'Waveform'
 );
 
 # iTunes audio encoding parameters
@@ -9075,6 +9127,12 @@ sub ProcessMOV($$;$)
                 } else {
                     my $t = PrintableTagID($tag,2);
                     $et->VPrint(0,"$$et{INDENT}Tag '${t}' extends to end of file");
+                    if ($$tagTablePtr{"$tag-size"}) {
+                        my $pos = $raf->Tell();
+                        $raf->Seek(0, 2);
+                        $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, "$tag-size", $raf->Tell() - $pos);
+                        $et->HandleTag($tagTablePtr, "$tag-offset", $pos) if $$tagTablePtr{"$tag-offset"};
+                    }
                 }
                 last;
             }
@@ -9301,6 +9359,7 @@ ItemID:         foreach $id (keys %$items) {
                             Name => $name,
                             Description => $desc,
                         };
+                        $et->VPrint(0, $$et{INDENT}, "[adding QuickTime:$name]\n");
                         AddTagToTable($tagTablePtr, $tag, $tagInfo);
                     }
                     # ignore 8-byte header
@@ -9312,9 +9371,9 @@ ItemID:         foreach $id (keys %$items) {
                             $val = \$buff;
                         }
                     }
-                    undef %triplet;
+                    $$tagInfo{List} = 1; # (allow any of these tags to have multiple data elements)
+                    $et->VerboseInfo($tag, $tagInfo, Value => $val) if $verbose;
                 } else {
-                    undef %triplet if $tag eq 'mean';
                     $triplet{$tag} = substr($val,4) if length($val) > 4;
                     undef $tagInfo;  # don't store this tag
                 }
@@ -9380,7 +9439,7 @@ ItemID:         foreach $id (keys %$items) {
                     for (;;) {
                         last if $pos + 16 > $size;
                         my ($len, $type, $flags, $ctry, $lang) = unpack("x${pos}Na4Nnn", $val);
-                        last if $pos + $len > $size;
+                        last if $pos + $len > $size or not $len;
                         my ($value, $langInfo, $oldDir);
                         my $format = $$tagInfo{Format};
                         if ($type eq 'data' and $len >= 16) {

package/bin/exiftool_files/lib/Image/ExifTool/QuickTimeStream.pl

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ sub Process_mebx($$$);
 sub ProcessFreeGPS($$$);
 sub ProcessFreeGPS2($$$);
 sub Process360Fly($$$);
+sub ProcessFMAS($$$);
 
 # QuickTime data types that have ExifTool equivalents
 # (ref https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/QuickTime/QTFF/Metadata/Metadata.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40000939-CH1-SW35)
@@ -98,15 +99,15 @@ my %insvLimit = (
         The tags below are extracted from timed metadata in QuickTime and other
         formats of video files when the ExtractEmbedded option is used.  Although
         most of these tags are combined into the single table below, ExifTool
-        currently reads 55 different formats of timed GPS metadata from video files.
+        currently reads 59 different formats of timed GPS metadata from video files.
     },
     VARS => { NO_ID => 1 },
     GPSLatitude  => { PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDMS($self, $val, 1, "N")', RawConv => '$$self{FoundGPSLatitude} = 1; $val' },
     GPSLongitude => { PrintConv => 'Image::ExifTool::GPS::ToDMS($self, $val, 1, "E")' },
     GPSAltitude  => { PrintConv => '(sprintf("%.4f", $val) + 0) . " m"' }, # round to 4 decimals
-    GPSSpeed     => { PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.4f", $val) + 0' },   # round to 4 decimals
+    GPSSpeed     => { PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.4f", $val) + 0', Notes => 'in km/h unless GPSSpeedRef says otherwise' },
     GPSSpeedRef  => { PrintConv => { K => 'km/h', M => 'mph', N => 'knots' } },
-    GPSTrack     => { PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.4f", $val) + 0' },    # round to 4 decimals
+    GPSTrack     => { PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.4f", $val) + 0', Notes => 'relative to true north unless GPSTrackRef says otherwise' },
     GPSTrackRef  => { PrintConv => { M => 'Magnetic North', T => 'True North' } },
     GPSDateTime  => {
         Groups => { 2 => 'Time' },
@@ -181,6 +182,13 @@ my %insvLimit = (
             TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::Stream',
             ProcessProc => \&Process_text,
         },
+    },{
+        Name => 'gpmd_FMAS', # Vantrue N2S binary format
+        Condition => '$$valPt =~ /^FMAS\0\0\0\0/',
+        SubDirectory => {
+            TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::QuickTime::Stream',
+            ProcessProc => \&ProcessFMAS,
+        },
     },{
         Name => 'gpmd_GoPro',
         SubDirectory => { TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::GoPro::GPMF' },
@@ -901,14 +909,8 @@ sub Process_text($$$)
             $tags{GPSDateTime} = $dateTime;
             $tags{GPSLatitude} = (($4 || 0) + $5/60) * ($6 eq 'N' ? 1 : -1);
             $tags{GPSLongitude} = (($7 || 0) + $8/60) * ($9 eq 'E' ? 1 : -1);
-            if (length $10) {
-                $tags{GPSSpeed} = $10 * $knotsToKph;
-                $tags{GPSSpeedRef} = 'K';
-            }
-            if (length $11) {
-                $tags{GPSTrack} = $11;
-                $tags{GPSTrackRef} = 'T';
-            }
+            $tags{GPSSpeed} = $10 * $knotsToKph if length $10;
+            $tags{GPSTrack} = $11 if length $11;
         } elsif ($tag =~ /^[A-Z]{2}GGA$/ and $dat =~ /^,(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d+(?:\.\d*)?),(\d*?)(\d{1,2}\.\d+),([NS]),(\d*?)(\d{1,2}\.\d+),([EW]),[1-6]?,(\d+)?,(\.\d+|\d+\.?\d*)?,(-?\d+\.?\d*)?,M?/s) {
             my $time = "$1:$2:$3";
             if ($$et{LastTime}) {
@@ -988,10 +990,7 @@ sub Process_text($$$)
             $val = pack('C*', map { $_ ^ 0xaa } unpack('C*', substr($$dataPt, 0x39, 5)));
             $tags{GPSAltitude} = $val + 0 if $val =~ /^[-+]\d+$/;
             $val = pack('C*', map { $_ ^ 0xaa } unpack('C*', substr($$dataPt, 0x3e, 3)));
-            if ($val =~ /^\d+$/) {
-                $tags{GPSSpeed} = $val + 0;
-                $tags{GPSSpeedRef} = 'K';
-            }
+            $tags{GPSSpeed} = $val + 0 if $val =~ /^\d+$/;
             if ($$dataPt =~ /^\0\0..\xaa\xaa/s) { # (BlueSkySea)
                 $val = pack('C*', map { $_ ^ 0xaa } unpack('C*', substr($$dataPt, 0xad, 12)));
                 # the first X,Y,Z accelerometer readings from the AccelerometerData
@@ -1022,10 +1021,7 @@ sub Process_text($$$)
         $tags{GPSLatitude} = $2;
         $tags{GPSLongitude} = $1;
         $tags{GPSAltitude} = $1 if $$dataPt =~ /,\s*H\s+([-+]?\d+\.?\d*)m/;
-        if ($$dataPt =~ /,\s*H.S\s+([-+]?\d+\.?\d*)/) {
-            $tags{GPSSpeed} = $1 * $mpsToKph;
-            $tags{GPSSpeedRef} = 'K';
-        }
+        $tags{GPSSpeed} = $1 * $mpsToKph if $$dataPt =~ /,\s*H.S\s+([-+]?\d+\.?\d*)/;
         $tags{Distance} = $1 * $mpsToKph if $$dataPt =~ /,\s*D\s+(\d+\.?\d*)m/;
         $tags{VerticalSpeed} = $1 if $$dataPt =~ /,\s*V.S\s+([-+]?\d+\.?\d*)/;
         $tags{FNumber} = $1 if $$dataPt =~ /\bF\/(\d+\.?\d*)/;
@@ -1086,14 +1082,8 @@ sub Process_text($$$)
         $tags{GPSDateTime} = sprintf('%.4d:%.2d:%.2d %.2d:%.2d:%.2dZ', $year, $14, $13, $1, $2, $3);
         $tags{GPSLatitude} = (($5 || 0) + $6/60) * ($7 eq 'N' ? 1 : -1);
         $tags{GPSLongitude} = (($8 || 0) + $9/60) * ($10 eq 'E' ? 1 : -1);
-        if (length $11) {
-            $tags{GPSSpeed} = $11 * $knotsToKph;
-            $tags{GPSSpeedRef} = 'K';
-        }
-        if (length $12) {
-            $tags{GPSTrack} = $12;
-            $tags{GPSTrackRef} = 'T';
-        }
+        $tags{GPSSpeed} = $11 * $knotsToKph if length $11;
+        $tags{GPSTrack} = $12 if length $12;
     }
     $tags{GSensor} = $1 if $$dataPt =~ /\bgsensori,(.*?)(;|$)/;
     $tags{Car} = $1 if $$dataPt =~ /\bCAR,(.*?)(;|$)/;
@@ -1268,8 +1258,7 @@ sub ProcessSamples($)
                     next if length($buff) < 20 + $n;
                     $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLatitude  => Get32s(\$buff, 12+$n) * 180/0x80000000);
                     $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLongitude => Get32s(\$buff, 16+$n) * 180/0x80000000);
-                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed => Get16u(\$buff, 8+$n) * $mphToKph);
-                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeedRef => 'K');
+                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed     => Get16u(\$buff, 8+$n) * $mphToKph);
                     SetGPSDateTime($et, $tagTbl, $time[$i]);
                     next; # all done (don't store/process as text)
                 }
@@ -1342,6 +1331,19 @@ sub ProcessSamples($)
     $$et{HandlerType} = $$et{HanderDesc} = '';
 }
 
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Convert latitude/longitude from DDDMM.MMMM format to decimal degrees
+# Inputs: 0) latitude, 1) longitude
+# Returns: lat/lon are changed in place
+# (note: this method works fine for negative coordinates)
+sub ConvertLatLon($$)
+{
+    my $deg = int($_[0] / 100);     # latitude
+    $_[0] = $deg + ($_[0] - $deg * 100) / 60;
+    $deg = int($_[1] / 100);        # longitude
+    $_[1] = $deg + ($_[1] - $deg * 100) / 60;
+}
+
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Process "freeGPS " data blocks referenced by a 'gps ' (GPSDataList) atom
 # Inputs: 0) ExifTool ref, 1) dirInfo ref {DataPt,SampleTime,SampleDuration}, 2) tagTable ref
@@ -1353,7 +1355,7 @@ sub ProcessFreeGPS($$$)
     my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTbl) = @_;
     my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
     my $dirLen = length $$dataPt;
-    my ($yr, $mon, $day, $hr, $min, $sec, $stat, $lbl);
+    my ($yr, $mon, $day, $hr, $min, $sec, $stat, $lbl, $ddd);
     my ($lat, $latRef, $lon, $lonRef, $spd, $trk, $alt, @acc, @xtra);
 
     return 0 if $dirLen < 92;
@@ -1478,7 +1480,7 @@ sub ProcessFreeGPS($$$)
         $lat = GetFloat($dataPt, 0x1c);
         $lon = GetFloat($dataPt, 0x20);
         $et->VPrint(0, sprintf("Raw lat/lon = %.9f %.9f\n", $lat, $lon));
-        $et->WarnOnce('GPSLatitude/Longitude encoding is not yet known, so these will be wrong');
+        $et->WarnOnce('GPSLatitude/Longitude encryption is not yet known, so these will be wrong');
         $lat = abs $lat;
         $lon = abs $lon;
         $spd = GetFloat($dataPt, 0x24) * $knotsToKph; # (convert knots to km/h)
@@ -1508,6 +1510,23 @@ sub ProcessFreeGPS($$$)
         $trk -= 360 if $trk >= 360;
         SetByteOrder('MM');
 
+    } elsif ($$dataPt =~ /^.{60}4W`b]S</s and length($$dataPt) >= 140) {
+
+        # 0000: 00 00 40 00 66 72 65 65 47 50 53 20 f0 01 00 00 [..@.freeGPS ....]
+        # 0010: 5a 58 53 42 4e 58 59 53 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [ZXSBNXYS........]
+        # 0020: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [................]
+        # 0030: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 34 57 60 62 [............4W`b]
+        # 0040: 5d 53 3c 41 44 45 41 41 42 3e 40 40 3c 51 3c 45 []S<ADEAAB>@@<Q<E]
+        # 0050: 41 40 43 3e 41 47 49 48 44 3c 5e 3c 40 41 46 43 [A@C>AGIHD<^<@AFC]
+        # 0060: 42 3e 49 49 40 42 45 3c 55 3c 45 47 3e 45 43 41 [B>II@BE<U<EG>ECA]
+        # decipher $GPRMC by subtracting 16 from each character value
+        $_ = pack 'C*', map { $_>=16 and $_-=16 } unpack('x60C80', $$dataPt);
+        return 0 unless /[A-Z]{2}RMC,(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d+(\.\d*)?),A?,(\d*?\d{1,2}\.\d+),([NS]),(\d*?\d{1,2}\.\d+),([EW]),(\d*\.?\d*),(\d*\.?\d*),(\d{2})(\d{2})(\d+)/;
+        ($yr,$mon,$day,$hr,$min,$sec,$lat,$latRef,$lon,$lonRef) = ($13,$12,$11,$1,$2,$3,$5,$6,$7,$8);
+        $yr += ($yr >= 70 ? 1900 : 2000);
+        $spd = $9 * $knotsToKph if length $9;
+        $trk = $10 if length $10;
+
     } elsif ($$dataPt =~ /^.{16}YndAkasoCar/s) {
 
         # Akaso V1 dascham
@@ -1526,13 +1545,17 @@ sub ProcessFreeGPS($$$)
         return 0 unless $stat eq 'A' and ($latRef eq 'N' or $latRef eq 'S') and
                                          ($lonRef eq 'E' or $lonRef eq 'W');
 
-        $et->WarnOnce("Can't yet decrypt Akaso V1 timed GPS", 1);
+        $et->WarnOnce('GPSLatitude/Longitude encryption is not yet known, so these will be wrong');
         # (see https://exiftool.org/forum/index.php?topic=11320.0)
-        return 1;
 
         SetByteOrder('II');
+
+        $spd = GetFloat($dataPt, 0x60);
+        $trk = GetFloat($dataPt, 0x64) + 180;   # (why is this off by 180?)
         $lat = GetDouble($dataPt, 0x50);    # latitude is here, but encrypted somehow
         $lon = GetDouble($dataPt, 0x58);    # longitude is here, but encrypted somehow
+        $ddd = 1; # don't convert until we know what the format is
+
         SetByteOrder('MM');
         #my $serialNum = substr($$dataPt, 0x68, 20);
 
@@ -1558,6 +1581,31 @@ sub ProcessFreeGPS($$$)
         substr($time,7,6) = pack 'C*', map { $_ ^= 0x70 } unpack 'C*', substr($time,7,6);
         # (other values are currently unknown)
 
+    } elsif ($$dataPt =~ /^.{64}A([NS])([EW])\0/s) {
+
+        # Vantrue S1 dashcam
+        #  0000: 00 00 80 00 66 72 65 65 47 50 53 20 78 00 00 00 [....freeGPS x...]
+        #  0010: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [................]
+        #  0020: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [................]
+        #  0030: 68 6f 72 73 6f 6e 74 65 63 68 00 00 00 00 00 00 [horsontech......]
+        #  0040: 41 4e 45 00 15 00 00 00 07 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 [ANE.............]
+        #  0050: 03 00 00 00 35 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 4f 74 4c 44 [....5.......OtLD]
+        #  0060: e2 77 a0 45 89 c1 98 42 71 bd ac 42 02 ab 0d 43 [.w.E...Bq..B...C]
+        #  0070: 05 00 00 00 7f 00 00 00 07 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 [................]
+        ($latRef, $lonRef) = ($1, $2);
+        ($yr,$mon,$day,$hr,$min,$sec,@acc) = unpack('x68V6x20V3', $$dataPt);
+        return 0 unless $mon>=1 and $mon<=12 and $day>=1 and $day<=31;
+        $yr += 2000 if $yr < 2000;
+        # (not sure about acc scaling)
+        map { $_ = $_ - 4294967296 if $_ >= 0x80000000; $_ /= 1000 } @acc;
+        SetByteOrder('II');
+        $lon = GetFloat($dataPt, 0x5c);
+        $lat = GetFloat($dataPt, 0x60);
+        $spd = GetFloat($dataPt, 0x64) * $knotsToKph;
+        $trk = GetFloat($dataPt, 0x68);
+        $alt = GetFloat($dataPt, 0x6c);
+        SetByteOrder('MM');
+
     } else {
 
         # decode binary GPS format (Viofo A119S, ref 2)
@@ -1596,10 +1644,7 @@ sub ProcessFreeGPS($$$)
 #
     FoundSomething($et, $tagTbl, $$dirInfo{SampleTime}, $$dirInfo{SampleDuration});
     # lat/long are in DDDMM.MMMM format
-    my $deg = int($lat / 100);
-    $lat = $deg + ($lat - $deg * 100) / 60;
-    $deg = int($lon / 100);
-    $lon = $deg + ($lon - $deg * 100) / 60;
+    ConvertLatLon($lat, $lon) unless $ddd;
     $sec = '0' . $sec unless $sec =~ /^\d{2}/;   # pad integer part of seconds to 2 digits
     if (defined $yr) {
         my $time = sprintf('%.4d:%.2d:%.2d %.2d:%.2d:%sZ',$yr,$mon,$day,$hr,$min,$sec);
@@ -1611,14 +1656,8 @@ sub ProcessFreeGPS($$$)
     $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLatitude  => $lat * ($latRef eq 'S' ? -1 : 1));
     $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLongitude => $lon * ($lonRef eq 'W' ? -1 : 1));
     $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSAltitude  => $alt) if defined $alt;
-    if (defined $spd) {
-        $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed => $spd);
-        $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeedRef => 'K');
-    }
-    if (defined $trk) {
-        $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack => $trk);
-        $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrackRef => 'T');
-    }
+    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed     => $spd) if defined $spd;
+    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack     => $trk) if defined $trk;
     while (@xtra) {
         my $tag = shift @xtra;
         $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, $tag => shift @xtra);
@@ -1737,9 +1776,7 @@ ATCRec: for ($recPos = 0x30; $recPos + 52 < $dirLen; $recPos += 52) {
                 $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLatitude  => Get32s(\$b, 0x10) / 1e7);
                 $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLongitude => Get32s(\$b, 0x18) / 1e7);
                 $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed     => Get32s(\$b, 0x20) / 100 * $mpsToKph);
-                $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeedRef  => 'K');
                 $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack     => $trk);
-                $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrackRef  => 'T');
                 $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSAltitude  => Get32s(\$b, 0x28) / 1000);
                 $lastRecPos = $recPos;
                 $foundNew = 1;
@@ -1860,17 +1897,12 @@ ATCRec: for ($recPos = 0x30; $recPos + 52 < $dirLen; $recPos += 52) {
             $trk = GetFloat(\$dat, 16);
             @acc = unpack('x20V3', $dat);
             map { $_ = $_ - 4294967296 if $_ >= 0x80000000 } @acc;
-            my $deg = int($lat / 100);
-            $lat = $deg + ($lat - $deg * 100) / 60;
-            $deg = int($lon / 100);
-            $lon = $deg + ($lon - $deg * 100) / 60;
+            ConvertLatLon($lat, $lon);
             $$et{DOC_NUM} = ++$$et{DOC_COUNT};
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLatitude  => $lat * (substr($dat,1,1) eq 'S' ? -1 : 1));
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLongitude => $lon * (substr($dat,2,1) eq 'W' ? -1 : 1));
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed     => $spd);
-            $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeedRef  => 'K');
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack     => $trk);
-            $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrackRef  => 'T');
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, Accelerometer => "@acc");
         }
         return 1;
@@ -1916,9 +1948,7 @@ ATCRec: for ($recPos = 0x30; $recPos + 52 < $dirLen; $recPos += 52) {
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLatitude  => $lat);
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLongitude => $lon);
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed     => $spd / 100 * $mpsToKph);
-            $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeedRef  => 'K');
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack     => $trk);
-            $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrackRef  => 'T');
             last if $pos += 0x20 > length($$dataPt) - 0x1e;
         }
         return $$et{DOC_NUM} ? 1 : 0;   # return 0 if nothing extracted
@@ -1931,23 +1961,12 @@ ATCRec: for ($recPos = 0x30; $recPos + 52 < $dirLen; $recPos += 52) {
     $yr += 2000 if $yr < 2000;
     my $time = sprintf('%.4d:%.2d:%.2d %.2d:%.2d:%.2dZ', $yr, $mon, $day, $hr, $min, $sec);
     # convert from DDMM.MMMMMM to DD.DDDDDD format if necessary
-    unless ($ddd) {
-        my $deg = int($lat / 100);
-        $lat = $deg + ($lat - $deg * 100) / 60;
-        $deg = int($lon / 100);
-        $lon = $deg + ($lon - $deg * 100) / 60;
-    }
+    ConvertLatLon($lat, $lon) unless $ddd;
     $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSDateTime  => $time);
     $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLatitude  => $lat * ($latRef eq 'S' ? -1 : 1));
     $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLongitude => $lon * ($lonRef eq 'W' ? -1 : 1));
-    if (defined $spd) {
-        $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed     => $spd); # (now in km/h)
-        $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeedRef  => 'K');
-    }
-    if (defined $trk) {
-        $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack     => $trk);
-        $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrackRef  => 'T');
-    }
+    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed     => $spd) if defined $spd; # (now in km/h)
+    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack     => $trk) if defined $trk;
     if (defined $alt) {
         $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSAltitude  => $alt);
     }
@@ -1955,6 +1974,7 @@ ATCRec: for ($recPos = 0x30; $recPos + 52 < $dirLen; $recPos += 52) {
     return 1;
 }
 
+
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Extract embedded information referenced from a track
 # Inputs: 0) ExifTool ref, 1) tag name, 2) data ref
@@ -2039,16 +2059,12 @@ sub ParseTag($$$)
             SetGPSDateTime($et, $tagTbl, $a[2]);
             my $lat = $a[5] / 1e3;
             my $lon = $a[7] / 1e3;
-            my $deg = int($lat / 100);
-            $lat = $deg + ($lat - $deg * 100) / 60;
-            $deg = int($lon / 100);
-            $lon = $deg + ($lon - $deg * 100) / 60;
-            $lat = -$lat if $a[4] eq 'S';
-            $lon = -$lon if $a[6] eq 'W';
+            ConvertLatLon($lat, $lon);
+            $lat = -abs($lat) if $a[4] eq 'S';
+            $lon = -abs($lon) if $a[6] eq 'W';
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLatitude  => $lat);
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLongitude => $lon);
-            $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed => $a[3] / 1e3);
-            $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeedRef => 'K');
+            $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed     => $a[3] / 1e3);
             $pos += 36;
         }
         SetByteOrder('MM');
@@ -2190,20 +2206,14 @@ sub Process_gps0($$$)
         my $lat = GetDouble($dataPt, $pos);
         my $lon = GetDouble($dataPt, $pos+8);
         next if abs($lat) > 9000 or abs($lon) > 18000;
-        # (note: this method works fine for negative coordinates)
-        my $deg = int($lat / 100);
-        $lat = $deg + ($lat - $deg * 100) / 60;
-        $deg = int($lon / 100);
-        $lon = $deg + ($lon - $deg * 100) / 60;
+        ConvertLatLon($lat, $lon);
         my @a = unpack('C*', substr($$dataPt, $pos+22, 6)); # unpack date/time
         $a[0] += 2000;
         $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSDateTime  => sprintf("%.4d:%.2d:%.2d %.2d:%.2d:%.2dZ", @a));
         $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLatitude  => $lat);
         $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLongitude => $lon);
         $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed     => Get16u($dataPt, $pos+0x14));
-        $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeedRef  => 'K');
         $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack     => Get8u($dataPt, $pos+0x1c) * 2); # (NC)
-        $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrackRef  => 'T');
         $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSAltitude  => Get32s($dataPt, $pos + 0x10));
         # yet to be decoded:
         # 0x1d - int8u[3] seen: "1 1 0"
@@ -2292,10 +2302,7 @@ sub ProcessRIFFTrailer($$$)
                 my $lat = GetDouble(\$buff, $pos+4);
                 my $lon = GetDouble(\$buff, $pos+12);
                 $et->Warn('Bad gps0 record') and last if abs($lat) > 9000 or abs($lon) > 18000;
-                my $deg = int($lat / 100);
-                $lat = $deg + ($lat - $deg * 100) / 60;
-                $deg = int($lon / 100);
-                $lon = $deg + ($lon - $deg * 100) / 60;
+                ConvertLatLon($lat, $lon);
                 $lat = -$lat if Get8u(\$buff, $pos+0x21) == 2;   # wild guess
                 $lon = -$lon if Get8u(\$buff, $pos+0x22) == 2;   # wild guess
                 my @a = unpack('C*', substr($buff, $pos+26, 6)); # unpack date/time
@@ -2305,9 +2312,7 @@ sub ProcessRIFFTrailer($$$)
                 $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLatitude  => $lat);
                 $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLongitude => $lon);
                 $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed     => Get16u(\$buff, $pos+0x18) * $knotsToKph);
-                $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeedRef  => 'K');
                 $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack     => Get8u(\$buff, $pos+0x20) * 2);
-                $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrackRef  => 'T');
             }
         } elsif ($tag eq 'gsen') {
             # (similar to record decoded in Process_gsen)
@@ -2361,17 +2366,11 @@ sub ProcessNMEA($$$)
                 $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSDateTime  => $fix{dat});
                 $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLatitude  => $fix{lat});
                 $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLongitude => $fix{lon});
-                if (defined $fix{spd}) {
-                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed => $fix{spd} * $knotsToKph);
-                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeedRef => 'K');
-                }
-                if (defined $fix{trk}) {
-                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack => $fix{trk});
-                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrackRef => 'T');
-                }
-                $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSAltitude => $fix{alt}) if defined $fix{alt};
-                $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSatellites => $fix{nsats}+0) if defined $fix{nsats};
-                $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSDOP => $fix{hdop}) if defined $fix{hdop};
+                $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed     => $fix{spd} * $knotsToKph) if defined $fix{spd};
+                $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack     => $fix{trk}) if defined $fix{trk};
+                $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSAltitude  => $fix{alt}) if defined $fix{alt};
+                $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSatellites=> $fix{nsats}+0) if defined $fix{nsats};
+                $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSDOP       => $fix{hdop}) if defined $fix{hdop};
             }
             undef %fix;
         }
@@ -2525,9 +2524,7 @@ sub ProcessTTAD($$$)
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLongitude => GetDouble($dataPt, $pos+0x24));
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSAltitude  => GetDouble($dataPt, $pos+0x14));
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed     => GetDouble($dataPt, $pos+0x0c) * $mpsToKph);
-            $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeedRef  => 'K');
             $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack     => GetDouble($dataPt, $pos+0x30));
-            $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrackRef  => 'T');
             if ($unknown) {
                 my @a = map { GetDouble($dataPt, $pos+0x38+8*$_) } 0..2;
                 $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, Unknown03 => "@a");
@@ -2660,15 +2657,13 @@ sub ProcessInsta360($;$)
                     $a[$_] = GetDouble(\$a[$_], 0) foreach 4,6,8,9,10;
                     $a[4] = -abs($a[4]) if $a[5] eq 'S'; # (abs just in case it was already signed)
                     $a[6] = -abs($a[6]) if $a[7] ne 'E';
-                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSDateTime => Image::ExifTool::ConvertUnixTime($a[0]) . 'Z');
-                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLatitude => $a[4]);
+                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSDateTime  => Image::ExifTool::ConvertUnixTime($a[0]) . 'Z');
+                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLatitude  => $a[4]);
                     $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLongitude => $a[6]);
-                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed => $a[8] * $mpsToKph);
-                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeedRef => 'K');
-                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack => $a[9]);
-                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrackRef => 'T');
-                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSAltitude => $a[10]);
-                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, Unknown02 => "@a[1,2]") if $unknown; # millisecond counter (https://exiftool.org/forum/index.php?topic=9884.msg65143#msg65143)
+                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed     => $a[8] * $mpsToKph);
+                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack     => $a[9]);
+                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSAltitude  => $a[10]);
+                    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, Unknown02    => "@a[1,2]") if $unknown; # millisecond counter (https://exiftool.org/forum/index.php?topic=9884.msg65143#msg65143)
                 }
             }
         } elsif ($id == 0x101) {
@@ -2724,6 +2719,41 @@ sub Process360Fly($$$)
     return 1;
 }
 
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Process GPS from Vantrue N2S dashcam
+# Inputs: 0) ExifTool object ref, 1) dirInfo ref, 2) tag table ref
+# Returns: 1 on success
+sub ProcessFMAS($$$)
+{
+    my ($et, $dirInfo, $tagTbl) = @_;
+    my $dataPt = $$dirInfo{DataPt};
+    return 0 unless $$dataPt =~ /^FMAS\0\0\0\0.{72}SAMM.{36}A/s and length($$dataPt) >= 160;
+    $et->VerboseDir('FMAS', undef, length($$dataPt));
+    # 0000: 46 4d 41 53 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [FMAS............]
+    # 0010: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [................]
+    # 0020: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [................]
+    # 0030: 02 08 01 08 06 08 02 04 07 02 06 00 00 00 00 00 [................]
+    # 0040: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4f 46 4e 49 4d 4d 41 53 [........OFNIMMAS]
+    # 0050: 53 41 4d 4d 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [SAMM............]
+    # 0060: e5 07 09 18 08 00 22 00 02 00 00 00 a1 82 8a bf [......".........]
+    # 0070: 89 23 8e bd 0b 2c 30 bc 41 57 4e 51 16 00 a1 01 [.#...,0.AWNQ....]
+    # 0080: 29 26 27 0c 4b 00 49 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [)&'.K.I.........]
+    # 0090: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 52 00 00 00 00 00 00 [.........R......]
+    my @a = unpack('x96vCCCCCCx16AAACCCvCCvvv',$$dataPt);
+    SetByteOrder('II');
+    my $acc = ReadValue($dataPt, 0x6c, 'float', 3); # (looks like Z comes first in my sample)
+    my $lon = $a[10] + ($a[11] + $a[13]/6000) / 60; # (why zero byte at $a[12]?)
+    my $lat = $a[14] + ($a[15] + $a[16]/6000) / 60;
+    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSDateTime  => sprintf('%.4d:%.2d:%.2d %.2d:%.2d:%.2d', @a[0..5]));
+    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLatitude  => $lat * ($a[9] eq 'S' ? -1 : 1));
+    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSLongitude => $lon * ($a[8] eq 'W' ? -1 : 1));
+    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSSpeed     => $a[17] * $mphToKph); # convert mph -> kph
+    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, GPSTrack     => $a[18]);
+    $et->HandleTag($tagTbl, Accelerometer=> $acc);
+    SetByteOrder('MM');
+    return 1;
+}
+
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Scan media data for "freeGPS" metadata if not found already (ref PH)
 # Inputs: 0) ExifTool ref