eslint 9.34.0 → 9.35.0

package/README.md

@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ to get your logo on our READMEs and [website](https://eslint.org/sponsors).
 <p><a href="https://automattic.com"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/automattic/d0ef3e1/logo.png" alt="Automattic" height="128"></a> <a href="https://www.airbnb.com/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/airbnb/d327d66/logo.png" alt="Airbnb" height="128"></a></p><h3>Gold Sponsors</h3>
 <p><a href="https://qlty.sh/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/qltysh/33d157d/logo.png" alt="Qlty Software" height="96"></a> <a href="https://trunk.io/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/trunkio/fb92d60/avatar.png" alt="trunk.io" height="96"></a> <a href="https://shopify.engineering/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/8085" alt="Shopify" height="96"></a></p><h3>Silver Sponsors</h3>
 <p><a href="https://vite.dev/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/vite/e6d15e1/logo.png" alt="Vite" height="64"></a> <a href="https://liftoff.io/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/liftoff/5c4fa84/logo.png" alt="Liftoff" height="64"></a> <a href="https://americanexpress.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3853301" alt="American Express" height="64"></a> <a href="https://stackblitz.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/28635252" alt="StackBlitz" height="64"></a></p><h3>Bronze Sponsors</h3>
-<p><a href="https://cybozu.co.jp/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/cybozu/933e46d/logo.png" alt="Cybozu" height="32"></a> <a href="https://sentry.io"><img src="https://github.com/getsentry.png" alt="Sentry" height="32"></a> <a href="https://www.crosswordsolver.org/anagram-solver/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/anagram-solver/2666271/logo.png" alt="Anagram Solver" height="32"></a> <a href="https://icons8.com/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/icons8/7fa1641/logo.png" alt="Icons8" height="32"></a> <a href="https://discord.com"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/discordapp/f9645d9/logo.png" alt="Discord" height="32"></a> <a href="https://www.gitbook.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7111340" alt="GitBook" height="32"></a> <a href="https://nx.dev"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23692104" alt="Nx" height="32"></a> <a href="https://opensource.mercedes-benz.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34240465" alt="Mercedes-Benz Group" height="32"></a> <a href="https://herocoders.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/37549774" alt="HeroCoders" height="32"></a> <a href="https://www.lambdatest.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/171592363" alt="LambdaTest" height="32"></a></p>
+<p><a href="https://cybozu.co.jp/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/cybozu/933e46d/logo.png" alt="Cybozu" height="32"></a> <a href="https://icons8.com/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/icons8/7fa1641/logo.png" alt="Icons8" height="32"></a> <a href="https://discord.com"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/discordapp/f9645d9/logo.png" alt="Discord" height="32"></a> <a href="https://www.gitbook.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7111340" alt="GitBook" height="32"></a> <a href="https://nx.dev"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23692104" alt="Nx" height="32"></a> <a href="https://opensource.mercedes-benz.com/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/34240465" alt="Mercedes-Benz Group" height="32"></a> <a href="https://herocoders.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/37549774" alt="HeroCoders" height="32"></a> <a href="https://www.lambdatest.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/171592363" alt="LambdaTest" height="32"></a></p>
 <h3>Technology Sponsors</h3>
 Technology sponsors allow us to use their products and services for free as part of a contribution to the open source ecosystem and our work.
 <p><a href="https://netlify.com"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/eslint/eslint.org/main/src/assets/images/techsponsors/netlify-icon.svg" alt="Netlify" height="32"></a> <a href="https://algolia.com"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/eslint/eslint.org/main/src/assets/images/techsponsors/algolia-icon.svg" alt="Algolia" height="32"></a> <a href="https://1password.com"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/eslint/eslint.org/main/src/assets/images/techsponsors/1password-icon.svg" alt="1Password" height="32"></a></p>

package/lib/eslint/eslint.js

@@ -263,11 +263,15 @@ async function locateConfigFileToUse({ configFile, cwd }) {
 
 /**
  * Creates an error to be thrown when an array of results passed to `getRulesMetaForResults` was not created by the current engine.
+ * @param {Error|undefined} cause The original error that led to this symptom error being thrown. Might not always be available.
  * @returns {TypeError} An error object.
  */
-function createExtraneousResultsError() {
+function createExtraneousResultsError(cause) {
 	return new TypeError(
 		"Results object was not created from this ESLint instance.",
+		{
+			cause,
+		},
 	);
 }
 
@@ -543,7 +547,7 @@ function validateOptionCloneability(options) {
 		})
 		.sort();
 	const error = new TypeError(
-		`The ${uncloneableOptionKeys.length === 1 ? "option" : "options"} ${new Intl.ListFormat("en-US").format(uncloneableOptionKeys.map(key => `"${key}"`))} cannot be cloned. When concurrency is enabled, all options must be cloneable. Remove uncloneable options or use an options module.`,
+		`The ${uncloneableOptionKeys.length === 1 ? "option" : "options"} ${new Intl.ListFormat("en-US").format(uncloneableOptionKeys.map(key => `"${key}"`))} cannot be cloned. When concurrency is enabled, all options must be cloneable values (JSON values). Remove uncloneable options or use an options module.`,
 	);
 	error.code = "ESLINT_UNCLONEABLE_OPTIONS";
 	throw error;
@@ -773,8 +777,8 @@ class ESLint {
 				try {
 					configs =
 						configLoader.getCachedConfigArrayForFile(filePath);
-				} catch {
-					throw createExtraneousResultsError();
+				} catch (err) {
+					throw createExtraneousResultsError(err);
 				}
 
 				const config = configs.getConfig(filePath);

package/lib/linter/esquery.js

@@ -271,6 +271,9 @@ function tryParseSelector(selector) {
 		) {
 			throw new SyntaxError(
 				`Syntax error in selector "${selector}" at position ${err.location.start.offset}: ${err.message}`,
+				{
+					cause: err,
+				},
 			);
 		}
 		throw err;

package/lib/rule-tester/rule-tester.js

@@ -851,6 +851,9 @@ class RuleTester {
 				} catch (err) {
 					throw new Error(
 						`Schema for rule ${ruleName} is invalid: ${err.message}`,
+						{
+							cause: err,
+						},
 					);
 				}
 			}

package/lib/rules/array-callback-return.js

@@ -233,7 +233,6 @@ module.exports = {
 			url: "https://eslint.org/docs/latest/rules/array-callback-return",
 		},
 
-		// eslint-disable-next-line eslint-plugin/require-meta-has-suggestions -- false positive
 		hasSuggestions: true,
 
 		schema: [

package/lib/rules/index.js

@@ -293,6 +293,7 @@ module.exports = new LazyLoadingRuleMap(
 		"prefer-rest-params": () => require("./prefer-rest-params"),
 		"prefer-spread": () => require("./prefer-spread"),
 		"prefer-template": () => require("./prefer-template"),
+		"preserve-caught-error": () => require("./preserve-caught-error"),
 		"quote-props": () => require("./quote-props"),
 		quotes: () => require("./quotes"),
 		radix: () => require("./radix"),

package/lib/rules/no-empty-function.js

@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ module.exports = {
 	meta: {
 		dialects: ["javascript", "typescript"],
 		language: "javascript",
+		hasSuggestions: true,
 		type: "suggestion",
 
 		defaultOptions: [{ allow: [] }],
@@ -131,6 +132,7 @@ module.exports = {
 
 		messages: {
 			unexpected: "Unexpected empty {{name}}.",
+			suggestComment: "Add comment inside empty {{name}}.",
 		},
 	},
 
@@ -204,6 +206,23 @@ module.exports = {
 					loc: node.body.loc,
 					messageId: "unexpected",
 					data: { name },
+					suggest: [
+						{
+							messageId: "suggestComment",
+							data: { name },
+							fix(fixer) {
+								const range = [
+									node.body.range[0] + 1,
+									node.body.range[1] - 1,
+								];
+
+								return fixer.replaceTextRange(
+									range,
+									" /* empty */ ",
+								);
+							},
+						},
+					],
 				});
 			}
 		}

package/lib/rules/no-empty-static-block.js

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 /** @type {import('../types').Rule.RuleModule} */
 module.exports = {
 	meta: {
+		hasSuggestions: true,
 		type: "suggestion",
 
 		docs: {
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ module.exports = {
 
 		messages: {
 			unexpected: "Unexpected empty static block.",
+			suggestComment: "Add comment inside empty static block.",
 		},
 	},
 
@@ -32,14 +34,36 @@ module.exports = {
 		return {
 			StaticBlock(node) {
 				if (node.body.length === 0) {
+					const openingBrace = sourceCode.getFirstToken(node, {
+						skip: 1,
+					});
 					const closingBrace = sourceCode.getLastToken(node);
 
 					if (
 						sourceCode.getCommentsBefore(closingBrace).length === 0
 					) {
 						context.report({
-							node,
+							loc: {
+								start: openingBrace.loc.start,
+								end: closingBrace.loc.end,
+							},
 							messageId: "unexpected",
+							suggest: [
+								{
+									messageId: "suggestComment",
+									fix(fixer) {
+										const range = [
+											openingBrace.range[1],
+											closingBrace.range[0],
+										];
+
+										return fixer.replaceTextRange(
+											range,
+											" /* empty */ ",
+										);
+									},
+								},
+							],
 						});
 					}
 				}

package/lib/rules/no-empty.js

@@ -104,10 +104,47 @@ module.exports = {
 					typeof node.cases === "undefined" ||
 					node.cases.length === 0
 				) {
+					const openingBrace = sourceCode.getTokenAfter(
+						node.discriminant,
+						astUtils.isOpeningBraceToken,
+					);
+
+					const closingBrace = sourceCode.getLastToken(node);
+
+					if (
+						sourceCode.commentsExistBetween(
+							openingBrace,
+							closingBrace,
+						)
+					) {
+						return;
+					}
+
 					context.report({
 						node,
+						loc: {
+							start: openingBrace.loc.start,
+							end: closingBrace.loc.end,
+						},
 						messageId: "unexpected",
 						data: { type: "switch" },
+						suggest: [
+							{
+								messageId: "suggestComment",
+								data: { type: "switch" },
+								fix(fixer) {
+									const range = [
+										openingBrace.range[1],
+										closingBrace.range[0],
+									];
+
+									return fixer.replaceTextRange(
+										range,
+										" /* empty */ ",
+									);
+								},
+							},
+						],
 					});
 				}
 			},

package/lib/rules/no-eval.js

@@ -226,7 +226,9 @@ module.exports = {
 
 			Program(node) {
 				const scope = sourceCode.getScope(node),
-					features = context.parserOptions.ecmaFeatures || {},
+					features =
+						context.languageOptions.parserOptions.ecmaFeatures ||
+						{},
 					strict =
 						scope.isStrict ||
 						node.sourceType === "module" ||

package/lib/rules/no-loss-of-precision.js

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ module.exports = {
 		 * @returns {boolean} true if they do not match
 		 */
 		function baseTenLosesPrecision(node) {
-			const rawNumber = getRaw(node);
+			const rawNumber = getRaw(node).toLowerCase();
 
 			/*
 			 * If trailing zeros equal the exponent, this is a valid representation

package/lib/rules/preserve-caught-error.js

@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Rule to preserve caught errors when re-throwing exceptions
+ * @author Amnish Singh Arora
+ */
+"use strict";
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Requirements
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const astUtils = require("./utils/ast-utils");
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Helpers
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/*
+ * This is an indicator of an error cause node, that is too complicated to be detected and fixed.
+ * Eg, when error options is an `Identifier` or a `SpreadElement`.
+ */
+const UNKNOWN_CAUSE = Symbol("unknown_cause");
+
+const BUILT_IN_ERROR_TYPES = new Set([
+	"Error",
+	"EvalError",
+	"RangeError",
+	"ReferenceError",
+	"SyntaxError",
+	"TypeError",
+	"URIError",
+	"AggregateError",
+]);
+
+/**
+ * Finds and returns the ASTNode that is used as the `cause` of the Error being thrown
+ * @param {ASTNode} throwStatement `ThrowStatement` to be checked.
+ * @returns {ASTNode | UNKNOWN_CAUSE | null} The `cause` of `Error` being thrown, `null` if not set.
+ */
+function getErrorCause(throwStatement) {
+	const throwExpression = throwStatement.argument;
+	/*
+	 * Determine which argument index holds the options object
+	 * `AggregateError` is a special case as it accepts the `options` object as third argument.
+	 */
+	const optionsIndex =
+		throwExpression.callee.name === "AggregateError" ? 2 : 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Make sure there is no `SpreadElement` at or before the `optionsIndex`
+	 * as this messes up the effective order of arguments and makes it complicated
+	 * to track where the actual error options need to be at
+	 */
+	const spreadExpressionIndex = throwExpression.arguments.findIndex(
+		arg => arg.type === "SpreadElement",
+	);
+	if (spreadExpressionIndex >= 0 && spreadExpressionIndex <= optionsIndex) {
+		return UNKNOWN_CAUSE;
+	}
+
+	const errorOptions = throwExpression.arguments[optionsIndex];
+
+	if (errorOptions) {
+		if (errorOptions.type === "ObjectExpression") {
+			if (
+				errorOptions.properties.some(
+					prop => prop.type === "SpreadElement",
+				)
+			) {
+				/*
+				 * If there is a spread element as part of error options, it is too complicated
+				 * to verify if the cause is used properly and auto-fix.
+				 */
+				return UNKNOWN_CAUSE;
+			}
+
+			const causeProperty = errorOptions.properties.find(
+				prop =>
+					prop.type === "Property" &&
+					prop.key.type === "Identifier" &&
+					prop.key.name === "cause" &&
+					!prop.computed, // It is hard to accurately identify the value of computed props
+			);
+
+			return causeProperty ? causeProperty.value : null;
+		}
+
+		// Error options exist, but too complicated to be analyzed/fixed
+		return UNKNOWN_CAUSE;
+	}
+
+	return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Finds and returns the `CatchClause` node, that the `node` is part of.
+ * @param {ASTNode} node The AST node to be evaluated.
+ * @returns {ASTNode | null } The closest parent `CatchClause` node, `null` if the `node` is not in a catch block.
+ */
+function findParentCatch(node) {
+	let currentNode = node;
+
+	while (currentNode && currentNode.type !== "CatchClause") {
+		if (
+			[
+				"FunctionDeclaration",
+				"FunctionExpression",
+				"ArrowFunctionExpression",
+				"StaticBlock",
+			].includes(currentNode.type)
+		) {
+			/*
+			 * Make sure the ThrowStatement is not made inside a function definition or a static block inside a high level catch.
+			 * In such cases, the caught error is not directly related to the Throw.
+			 *
+			 * For example,
+			 * try {
+			 * } catch (error) {
+			 * 	foo = {
+			 * 		bar() {
+			 *	 	throw new Error();
+			 * 	  }
+			 * };
+			 * }
+			 */
+			return null;
+		}
+		currentNode = currentNode.parent;
+	}
+
+	return currentNode;
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Rule Definition
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** @type {import('../types').Rule.RuleModule} */
+module.exports = {
+	meta: {
+		type: "suggestion",
+		docs: {
+			description:
+				"Disallow losing originally caught error when re-throwing custom errors",
+			recommended: false,
+			url: "https://eslint.org/docs/latest/rules/preserve-caught-error", // URL to the documentation page for this rule
+		},
+		/*
+		 * TODO: We should allow passing `customErrorTypes` option once something like `typescript-eslint`'s
+		 * 		`TypeOrValueSpecifier` is implemented in core Eslint.
+		 *      See:
+		 * 		1. https://typescript-eslint.io/packages/type-utils/type-or-value-specifier/
+		 *      2. https://github.com/eslint/eslint/pull/19913#discussion_r2192608593
+		 *      3. https://github.com/eslint/eslint/discussions/16540
+		 */
+		schema: [
+			{
+				type: "object",
+				properties: {
+					requireCatchParameter: {
+						type: "boolean",
+						default: false,
+						description:
+							"Requires the catch blocks to always have the caught error parameter so it is not discarded.",
+					},
+				},
+				additionalProperties: false,
+			},
+		],
+		messages: {
+			missingCause:
+				"There is no `cause` attached to the symptom error being thrown.",
+			incorrectCause:
+				"The symptom error is being thrown with an incorrect `cause`.",
+			includeCause:
+				"Include the original caught error as the `cause` of the symptom error.",
+			missingCatchErrorParam:
+				"The caught error is not accessible because the catch clause lacks the error parameter. Start referencing the caught error using the catch parameter.",
+			partiallyLostError:
+				"Re-throws cannot preserve the caught error as a part of it is being lost due to destructuring.",
+			caughtErrorShadowed:
+				"The caught error is being attached as `cause`, but is shadowed by a closer scoped redeclaration.",
+		},
+		hasSuggestions: true,
+	},
+
+	create(context) {
+		const sourceCode = context.sourceCode;
+		const options = context.options[0] || {};
+
+		//----------------------------------------------------------------------
+		// Helpers
+		//----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+		/**
+		 * Checks if a `ThrowStatement` is constructing and throwing a new `Error` object.
+		 *
+		 * Covers all the error types on `globalThis` that support `cause` property:
+		 * https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/blob/main/src/lib/es2022.error.d.ts
+		 * @param {ASTNode} throwStatement The `ThrowStatement` that needs to be checked.
+		 * @returns {boolean} `true` if a new "Error" is being thrown, else `false`.
+		 */
+		function isThrowingNewError(throwStatement) {
+			return (
+				(throwStatement.argument.type === "NewExpression" ||
+					throwStatement.argument.type === "CallExpression") &&
+				throwStatement.argument.callee.type === "Identifier" &&
+				BUILT_IN_ERROR_TYPES.has(throwStatement.argument.callee.name) &&
+				/*
+				 * Make sure the thrown Error is instance is one of the built-in global error types.
+				 * Custom imports could shadow this, which would lead to false positives.
+				 * e.g. import { Error } from "./my-custom-error.js";
+				 *      throw Error("Failed to perform error prone operations");
+				 */
+				sourceCode.isGlobalReference(throwStatement.argument.callee)
+			);
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Inserts `cause: <caughtErrorName>` into an inline options object expression.
+		 * @param {RuleFixer} fixer The fixer object.
+		 * @param {ASTNode} optionsNode The options object node.
+		 * @param {string} caughtErrorName The name of the caught error (e.g., "err").
+		 * @returns {Fix} The fix object.
+		 */
+		function insertCauseIntoOptions(fixer, optionsNode, caughtErrorName) {
+			const properties = optionsNode.properties;
+
+			if (properties.length === 0) {
+				// Insert inside empty braces: `{}` → `{ cause: err }`
+				return fixer.insertTextAfter(
+					sourceCode.getFirstToken(optionsNode),
+					`cause: ${caughtErrorName}`,
+				);
+			}
+
+			const lastProp = properties.at(-1);
+			return fixer.insertTextAfter(
+				lastProp,
+				`, cause: ${caughtErrorName}`,
+			);
+		}
+
+		//----------------------------------------------------------------------
+		// Public
+		//----------------------------------------------------------------------
+		return {
+			ThrowStatement(node) {
+				// Check if the throw is inside a catch block
+				const parentCatch = findParentCatch(node);
+				const throwStatement = node;
+
+				// Check if a new error is being thrown in a catch block
+				if (parentCatch && isThrowingNewError(throwStatement)) {
+					if (
+						parentCatch.param &&
+						parentCatch.param.type !== "Identifier"
+					) {
+						/*
+						 * When a part of the caught error is being lost at the parameter level, commonly due to destructuring.
+						 * e.g. catch({ message, ...rest })
+						 */
+						context.report({
+							messageId: "partiallyLostError",
+							node: parentCatch,
+						});
+						return;
+					}
+
+					const caughtError =
+						parentCatch.param?.type === "Identifier"
+							? parentCatch.param
+							: null;
+
+					// Check if there are throw statements and caught error is being ignored
+					if (!caughtError) {
+						if (options.requireCatchParameter) {
+							context.report({
+								node: throwStatement,
+								messageId: "missingCatchErrorParam",
+							});
+							return;
+						}
+						return;
+					}
+
+					// Check if there is a cause attached to the new error
+					const thrownErrorCause = getErrorCause(throwStatement);
+
+					if (thrownErrorCause === UNKNOWN_CAUSE) {
+						// Error options exist, but too complicated to be analyzed/fixed
+						return;
+					}
+
+					if (thrownErrorCause === null) {
+						// If there is no `cause` attached to the error being thrown.
+						context.report({
+							messageId: "missingCause",
+							node: throwStatement,
+							suggest: [
+								{
+									messageId: "includeCause",
+									fix(fixer) {
+										const throwExpression =
+											throwStatement.argument;
+										const args = throwExpression.arguments;
+										const errorType =
+											throwExpression.callee.name;
+
+										// AggregateError: errors, message, options
+										if (errorType === "AggregateError") {
+											const errorsArg = args[0];
+											const messageArg = args[1];
+											const optionsArg = args[2];
+
+											if (!errorsArg) {
+												// Case: `throw new AggregateError()` → insert all arguments
+												const lastToken =
+													sourceCode.getLastToken(
+														throwExpression,
+													);
+												const lastCalleeToken =
+													sourceCode.getLastToken(
+														throwExpression.callee,
+													);
+												const parenToken =
+													sourceCode.getFirstTokenBetween(
+														lastCalleeToken,
+														lastToken,
+														astUtils.isOpeningParenToken,
+													);
+
+												if (parenToken) {
+													return fixer.insertTextAfter(
+														parenToken,
+														`[], "", { cause: ${caughtError.name} }`,
+													);
+												}
+												return fixer.insertTextAfter(
+													throwExpression.callee,
+													`([], "", { cause: ${caughtError.name} })`,
+												);
+											}
+
+											if (!messageArg) {
+												// Case: `throw new AggregateError([])` → insert message and options
+												return fixer.insertTextAfter(
+													errorsArg,
+													`, "", { cause: ${caughtError.name} }`,
+												);
+											}
+
+											if (!optionsArg) {
+												// Case: `throw new AggregateError([], "")` → insert error options only
+												return fixer.insertTextAfter(
+													messageArg,
+													`, { cause: ${caughtError.name} }`,
+												);
+											}
+
+											if (
+												optionsArg.type ===
+												"ObjectExpression"
+											) {
+												return insertCauseIntoOptions(
+													fixer,
+													optionsArg,
+													caughtError.name,
+												);
+											}
+
+											// Complex dynamic options — skip
+											return null;
+										}
+
+										// Normal Error types
+										const messageArg = args[0];
+										const optionsArg = args[1];
+
+										if (!messageArg) {
+											// Case: `throw new Error()` → insert both message and options
+											const lastToken =
+												sourceCode.getLastToken(
+													throwExpression,
+												);
+											const lastCalleeToken =
+												sourceCode.getLastToken(
+													throwExpression.callee,
+												);
+											const parenToken =
+												sourceCode.getFirstTokenBetween(
+													lastCalleeToken,
+													lastToken,
+													astUtils.isOpeningParenToken,
+												);
+
+											if (parenToken) {
+												return fixer.insertTextAfter(
+													parenToken,
+													`"", { cause: ${caughtError.name} }`,
+												);
+											}
+											return fixer.insertTextAfter(
+												throwExpression.callee,
+												`("", { cause: ${caughtError.name} })`,
+											);
+										}
+										if (!optionsArg) {
+											// Case: `throw new Error("Some message")` → insert only options
+											return fixer.insertTextAfter(
+												messageArg,
+												`, { cause: ${caughtError.name} }`,
+											);
+										}
+
+										if (
+											optionsArg.type ===
+											"ObjectExpression"
+										) {
+											return insertCauseIntoOptions(
+												fixer,
+												optionsArg,
+												caughtError.name,
+											);
+										}
+
+										return null; // Identifier or spread — do not fix
+									},
+								},
+							],
+						});
+
+						// We don't need to check further
+						return;
+					}
+
+					// If there is an attached cause, verify that is matches the caught error
+					if (
+						!(
+							thrownErrorCause.type === "Identifier" &&
+							thrownErrorCause.name === caughtError.name
+						)
+					) {
+						context.report({
+							messageId: "incorrectCause",
+							node: thrownErrorCause,
+							suggest: [
+								{
+									messageId: "includeCause",
+									fix(fixer) {
+										/*
+										 * In case `cause` is attached using object property shorthand or as a method.
+										 * e.g. throw Error("fail", { cause });
+										 *      throw Error("fail", { cause() { // do something } });
+										 */
+										if (
+											thrownErrorCause.parent.method ||
+											thrownErrorCause.parent.shorthand
+										) {
+											return fixer.replaceText(
+												thrownErrorCause.parent,
+												`cause: ${caughtError.name}`,
+											);
+										}
+
+										return fixer.replaceText(
+											thrownErrorCause,
+											caughtError.name,
+										);
+									},
+								},
+							],
+						});
+						return;
+					}
+
+					/*
+					 * If the attached cause matches the identifier name of the caught error,
+					 * make sure it is not being shadowed by a closer scoped redeclaration.
+					 *
+					 * e.g. try {
+					 *      doSomething();
+					 * 	  } catch (error) {
+					 * 	     if (whatever) {
+					 * 	       const error = anotherError;
+					 * 	       throw new Error("Something went wrong");
+					 * 	     }
+					 *   }
+					 */
+					let scope = sourceCode.getScope(throwStatement);
+					do {
+						const variable = scope.set.get(caughtError.name);
+						if (variable) {
+							break;
+						}
+						scope = scope.upper;
+					} while (scope);
+
+					if (scope?.block !== parentCatch) {
+						// Caught error is being shadowed
+						context.report({
+							messageId: "caughtErrorShadowed",
+							node: throwStatement,
+						});
+					}
+				}
+			},
+		};
+	},
+};

package/lib/rules/strict.js

@@ -101,7 +101,8 @@ module.exports = {
 	},
 
 	create(context) {
-		const ecmaFeatures = context.parserOptions.ecmaFeatures || {},
+		const ecmaFeatures =
+				context.languageOptions.parserOptions.ecmaFeatures || {},
 			scopes = [],
 			classScopes = [];
 		let [mode] = context.options;

package/lib/services/suppressions-service.js

@@ -221,6 +221,9 @@ class SuppressionsService {
 			}
 			throw new Error(
 				`Failed to parse suppressions file at ${this.filePath}`,
+				{
+					cause: err,
+				},
 			);
 		}
 	}

package/lib/types/index.d.ts

@@ -2259,6 +2259,8 @@ export namespace RuleTester {
 		only?: boolean;
 		languageOptions?: Linter.LanguageOptions | undefined;
 		settings?: { [name: string]: any } | undefined;
+		before?: () => void;
+		after?: () => void;
 	}
 
 	interface SuggestionOutput {

package/lib/types/rules.d.ts

@@ -60,25 +60,19 @@ type EitherGroupOrRegEx =
 // Base type for import name specifiers, ensuring mutual exclusivity
 type EitherNameSpecifiers =
 	| {
-			importNames: string[];
+			importNames?: string[];
+			importNamePattern?: string;
 			allowImportNames?: never;
-			importNamePattern?: never;
-			allowImportNamePattern?: never;
-	  }
-	| {
-			importNamePattern: string;
-			allowImportNames?: never;
-			importNames?: never;
 			allowImportNamePattern?: never;
 	  }
 	| {
-			allowImportNames: string[];
+			allowImportNames?: string[];
 			importNames?: never;
 			importNamePattern?: never;
 			allowImportNamePattern?: never;
 	  }
 	| {
-			allowImportNamePattern: string;
+			allowImportNamePattern?: string;
 			importNames?: never;
 			allowImportNames?: never;
 			importNamePattern?: never;
@@ -3441,9 +3435,9 @@ export interface ESLintRules extends Linter.RulesRecord {
 						paths: Array<
 							string | ValidNoRestrictedImportPathOptions
 						>;
-						patterns: Array<
-							string | ValidNoRestrictedImportPatternOptions
-						>;
+						patterns:
+							| Array<string>
+							| Array<ValidNoRestrictedImportPatternOptions>;
 				  }>
 			>,
 		]
@@ -4809,6 +4803,20 @@ export interface ESLintRules extends Linter.RulesRecord {
 	 */
 	"prefer-template": Linter.RuleEntry<[]>;
 
+	/**
+	 * Rule to disallow losing originally caught error when re-throwing custom errors.
+	 *
+	 * @since 9.35.0
+	 * @see https://eslint.org/docs/latest/rules/preserve-caught-error
+	 */
+	"preserve-caught-error": Linter.RuleEntry<
+		[
+			Partial<{
+				requireCatchParameter: boolean;
+			}>,
+		]
+	>;
+
 	/**
 	 * Rule to require quotes around object literal property names.
 	 *

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "eslint",
-  "version": "9.34.0",
+  "version": "9.35.0",
   "author": "Nicholas C. Zakas <nicholas+npm@nczconsulting.com>",
   "description": "An AST-based pattern checker for JavaScript.",
   "type": "commonjs",
@@ -104,13 +104,13 @@
   "homepage": "https://eslint.org",
   "bugs": "https://github.com/eslint/eslint/issues/",
   "dependencies": {
-    "@eslint-community/eslint-utils": "^4.2.0",
+    "@eslint-community/eslint-utils": "^4.8.0",
     "@eslint-community/regexpp": "^4.12.1",
     "@eslint/config-array": "^0.21.0",
     "@eslint/config-helpers": "^0.3.1",
     "@eslint/core": "^0.15.2",
     "@eslint/eslintrc": "^3.3.1",
-    "@eslint/js": "9.34.0",
+    "@eslint/js": "9.35.0",
     "@eslint/plugin-kit": "^0.3.5",
     "@humanfs/node": "^0.16.6",
     "@humanwhocodes/module-importer": "^1.0.1",