eslint 9.12.0 → 9.14.0

package/README.md

@@ -289,23 +289,22 @@ Percy Ma
 
 <!--teamend-->
 
+<!-- NOTE: This section is autogenerated. Do not manually edit.-->
+<!--sponsorsstart-->
 ## Sponsors
 
-The following companies, organizations, and individuals support ESLint's ongoing maintenance and development. [Become a Sponsor](https://eslint.org/donate) to get your logo on our README and website.
+The following companies, organizations, and individuals support ESLint's ongoing maintenance and development. [Become a Sponsor](https://eslint.org/donate)
+to get your logo on our READMEs and [website](https://eslint.org/sponsors).
 
-<!-- NOTE: This section is autogenerated. Do not manually edit.-->
-<!--sponsorsstart-->
 <h3>Platinum Sponsors</h3>
 <p><a href="https://automattic.com"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/automattic/d0ef3e1/logo.png" alt="Automattic" height="128"></a> <a href="https://www.airbnb.com/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/airbnb/d327d66/logo.png" alt="Airbnb" height="128"></a></p><h3>Gold Sponsors</h3>
 <p><a href="https://trunk.io/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/trunkio/fb92d60/avatar.png" alt="trunk.io" height="96"></a></p><h3>Silver Sponsors</h3>
-<p><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/jetbrains/fe76f99/logo.png" alt="JetBrains" height="64"></a> <a href="https://liftoff.io/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/liftoff/5c4fa84/logo.png" alt="Liftoff" height="64"></a> <a href="https://americanexpress.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3853301?v=4" alt="American Express" height="64"></a> <a href="https://www.workleap.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/53535748?u=d1e55d7661d724bf2281c1bfd33cb8f99fe2465f&v=4" alt="Workleap" height="64"></a></p><h3>Bronze Sponsors</h3>
-<p><a href="https://www.wordhint.net/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/wordhint/be86813/avatar.png" alt="WordHint" height="32"></a> <a href="https://www.crosswordsolver.org/anagram-solver/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/anagram-solver/2666271/logo.png" alt="Anagram Solver" height="32"></a> <a href="https://icons8.com/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/icons8/7fa1641/logo.png" alt="Icons8" height="32"></a> <a href="https://discord.com"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/discordapp/f9645d9/logo.png" alt="Discord" height="32"></a> <a href="https://www.gitbook.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7111340?v=4" alt="GitBook" height="32"></a> <a href="https://nx.dev"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23692104?v=4" alt="Nx" height="32"></a> <a href="https://herocoders.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/37549774?v=4" alt="HeroCoders" height="32"></a> <a href="https://usenextbase.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/145838380?v=4" alt="Nextbase Starter Kit" height="32"></a></p>
-<!--sponsorsend-->
-
-<!--techsponsorsstart-->
-<h2>Technology Sponsors</h2>
+<p><a href="https://www.serptriumph.com/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/serp-triumph5/fea3074/logo.png" alt="SERP Triumph" height="64"></a> <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/jetbrains/fe76f99/logo.png" alt="JetBrains" height="64"></a> <a href="https://liftoff.io/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/liftoff/5c4fa84/logo.png" alt="Liftoff" height="64"></a> <a href="https://americanexpress.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3853301?v=4" alt="American Express" height="64"></a> <a href="https://www.workleap.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/53535748?u=d1e55d7661d724bf2281c1bfd33cb8f99fe2465f&v=4" alt="Workleap" height="64"></a></p><h3>Bronze Sponsors</h3>
+<p><a href="https://cybozu.co.jp/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/cybozu/933e46d/logo.png" alt="Cybozu" height="32"></a> <a href="https://www.wordhint.net/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/wordhint/be86813/avatar.png" alt="WordHint" height="32"></a> <a href="https://www.crosswordsolver.org/anagram-solver/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/anagram-solver/2666271/logo.png" alt="Anagram Solver" height="32"></a> <a href="https://icons8.com/"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/icons8/7fa1641/logo.png" alt="Icons8" height="32"></a> <a href="https://discord.com"><img src="https://images.opencollective.com/discordapp/f9645d9/logo.png" alt="Discord" height="32"></a> <a href="https://www.gitbook.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7111340?v=4" alt="GitBook" height="32"></a> <a href="https://nx.dev"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/23692104?v=4" alt="Nx" height="32"></a> <a href="https://herocoders.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/37549774?v=4" alt="HeroCoders" height="32"></a></p>
+<h3>Technology Sponsors</h3>
+Technology sponsors allow us to use their products and services for free as part of a contribution to the open source ecosystem and our work.
 <p><a href="https://netlify.com"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/eslint/eslint.org/main/src/assets/images/techsponsors/netlify-icon.svg" alt="Netlify" height="32"></a> <a href="https://algolia.com"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/eslint/eslint.org/main/src/assets/images/techsponsors/algolia-icon.svg" alt="Algolia" height="32"></a> <a href="https://1password.com"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/eslint/eslint.org/main/src/assets/images/techsponsors/1password-icon.svg" alt="1Password" height="32"></a></p>
-<!--techsponsorsend-->
+<!--sponsorsend-->
 
 [tidelift]: https://tidelift.com/funding/github/npm/eslint
 [herodevs]: https://www.herodevs.com/support/eslint-nes?utm_source=ESLintWebsite&utm_medium=ESLintWebsite&utm_campaign=ESLintNES&utm_id=ESLintNES

package/bin/eslint.js

@@ -9,6 +9,11 @@
 
 "use strict";
 
+const mod = require("node:module");
+
+// to use V8's code cache to speed up instantiation time
+mod.enableCompileCache?.();
+
 // must do this initialization *before* other requires in order to work
 if (process.argv.includes("--debug")) {
     require("debug").enable("eslint:*,-eslint:code-path,eslintrc:*");

package/lib/cli.js

@@ -146,24 +146,29 @@ async function translateOptions({
             overrideConfigFile = void 0;
         }
 
-        let globals = {};
+        const languageOptions = {};
 
         if (global) {
-            globals = global.reduce((obj, name) => {
+            languageOptions.globals = global.reduce((obj, name) => {
                 if (name.endsWith(":true")) {
                     obj[name.slice(0, -5)] = "writable";
                 } else {
                     obj[name] = "readonly";
                 }
                 return obj;
-            }, globals);
+            }, {});
+        }
+
+        if (parserOptions) {
+            languageOptions.parserOptions = parserOptions;
+        }
+
+        if (parser) {
+            languageOptions.parser = await importer.import(parser);
         }
 
         overrideConfig = [{
-            languageOptions: {
-                globals,
-                parserOptions: parserOptions || {}
-            },
+            ...Object.keys(languageOptions).length > 0 ? { languageOptions } : {},
             rules: rule ? rule : {}
         }];
 
@@ -175,10 +180,6 @@ async function translateOptions({
             };
         }
 
-        if (parser) {
-            overrideConfig[0].languageOptions.parser = await importer.import(parser);
-        }
-
         if (plugin) {
             overrideConfig[0].plugins = await loadPlugins(importer, plugin);
         }
@@ -378,7 +379,7 @@ const cli = {
         debug("Using flat config?", usingFlatConfig);
 
         if (allowFlatConfig && !usingFlatConfig) {
-            process.emitWarning("You are using an eslintrc configuration file, which is deprecated and support will be removed in v10.0.0. Please migrate to an eslint.config.js file. See https://eslint.org/docs/latest/use/configure/migration-guide for details.", "ESLintRCWarning");
+            process.emitWarning("You are using an eslintrc configuration file, which is deprecated and support will be removed in v10.0.0. Please migrate to an eslint.config.js file. See https://eslint.org/docs/latest/use/configure/migration-guide for details. An eslintrc configuration file is used because you have the ESLINT_USE_FLAT_CONFIG environment variable set to false. If you want to use an eslint.config.js file, remove the environment variable. If you want to find the location of the eslintrc configuration file, use the --debug flag.", "ESLintRCWarning");
         }
 
         const CLIOptions = createCLIOptions(usingFlatConfig);

package/lib/config/config-loader.js

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ const fs = require("node:fs/promises");
 const findUp = require("find-up");
 const { pathToFileURL } = require("node:url");
 const debug = require("debug")("eslint:config-loader");
-const { FlatConfigArray } = require("../config/flat-config-array");
+const { FlatConfigArray } = require("./flat-config-array");
 
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Types
@@ -173,21 +173,22 @@ async function loadConfigFile(filePath, allowTS) {
      */
     if (allowTS && isTS && !isDeno && !isBun) {
 
-        const createJiti = await import("jiti").then(jitiModule => (typeof jitiModule?.createJiti === "function" ? jitiModule.createJiti : jitiModule.default), () => {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define -- `ConfigLoader.loadJiti` can be overwritten for testing
+        const { createJiti } = await ConfigLoader.loadJiti().catch(() => {
             throw new Error("The 'jiti' library is required for loading TypeScript configuration files. Make sure to install it.");
         });
 
+        // `createJiti` was added in jiti v2.
+        if (typeof createJiti !== "function") {
+            throw new Error("You are using an outdated version of the 'jiti' library. Please update to the latest version of 'jiti' to ensure compatibility and access to the latest features.");
+        }
+
         /*
          * Disabling `moduleCache` allows us to reload a
          * config file when the last modified timestamp changes.
          */
 
         const jiti = createJiti(__filename, { moduleCache: false, interopDefault: false });
-
-        if (typeof jiti?.import !== "function") {
-            throw new Error("You are using an outdated version of the 'jiti' library. Please update to the latest version of 'jiti' to ensure compatibility and access to the latest features.");
-        }
-
         const config = await jiti.import(fileURL.href);
 
         importedConfigFileModificationTime.set(filePath, mtime);
@@ -205,96 +206,6 @@ async function loadConfigFile(filePath, allowTS) {
     return config;
 }
 
-/**
- * Calculates the config array for this run based on inputs.
- * @param {string} configFilePath The absolute path to the config file to use if not overridden.
- * @param {string} basePath The base path to use for relative paths in the config file.
- * @param {ConfigLoaderOptions} options The options to use when loading configuration files.
- * @returns {Promise<FlatConfigArray>} The config array for `eslint`.
- */
-async function calculateConfigArray(configFilePath, basePath, options) {
-
-    const {
-        cwd,
-        baseConfig,
-        ignoreEnabled,
-        ignorePatterns,
-        overrideConfig,
-        defaultConfigs = [],
-        allowTS
-    } = options;
-
-    debug(`Calculating config array from config file ${configFilePath} and base path ${basePath}`);
-
-    const configs = new FlatConfigArray(baseConfig || [], { basePath, shouldIgnore: ignoreEnabled });
-
-    // load config file
-    if (configFilePath) {
-
-        debug(`Loading config file ${configFilePath}`);
-        const fileConfig = await loadConfigFile(configFilePath, allowTS);
-
-        if (Array.isArray(fileConfig)) {
-            configs.push(...fileConfig);
-        } else {
-            configs.push(fileConfig);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // add in any configured defaults
-    configs.push(...defaultConfigs);
-
-    // append command line ignore patterns
-    if (ignorePatterns && ignorePatterns.length > 0) {
-
-        let relativeIgnorePatterns;
-
-        /*
-         * If the config file basePath is different than the cwd, then
-         * the ignore patterns won't work correctly. Here, we adjust the
-         * ignore pattern to include the correct relative path. Patterns
-         * passed as `ignorePatterns` are relative to the cwd, whereas
-         * the config file basePath can be an ancestor of the cwd.
-         */
-        if (basePath === cwd) {
-            relativeIgnorePatterns = ignorePatterns;
-        } else {
-
-            // relative path must only have Unix-style separators
-            const relativeIgnorePath = path.relative(basePath, cwd).replace(/\\/gu, "/");
-
-            relativeIgnorePatterns = ignorePatterns.map(pattern => {
-                const negated = pattern.startsWith("!");
-                const basePattern = negated ? pattern.slice(1) : pattern;
-
-                return (negated ? "!" : "") +
-                    path.posix.join(relativeIgnorePath, basePattern);
-            });
-        }
-
-        /*
-         * Ignore patterns are added to the end of the config array
-         * so they can override default ignores.
-         */
-        configs.push({
-            ignores: relativeIgnorePatterns
-        });
-    }
-
-    if (overrideConfig) {
-        if (Array.isArray(overrideConfig)) {
-            configs.push(...overrideConfig);
-        } else {
-            configs.push(overrideConfig);
-        }
-    }
-
-    await configs.normalize();
-
-    return configs;
-}
-
-
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Exports
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -307,13 +218,13 @@ class ConfigLoader {
 
     /**
      * Map of config file paths to the config arrays for those directories.
-     * @type {Map<string, FlatConfigArray>}
+     * @type {Map<string, FlatConfigArray|Promise<FlatConfigArray>>}
      */
     #configArrays = new Map();
 
     /**
      * Map of absolute directory names to the config file paths for those directories.
-     * @type {Map<string, {configFilePath:string,basePath:string}>}
+     * @type {Map<string, {configFilePath:string,basePath:string}|Promise<{configFilePath:string,basePath:string}>>}
      */
     #configFilePaths = new Map();
 
@@ -347,43 +258,22 @@ class ConfigLoader {
             return this.#configFilePaths.get(fromDirectory);
         }
 
-        const configFilenames = this.#options.allowTS
-            ? [...FLAT_CONFIG_FILENAMES, ...TS_FLAT_CONFIG_FILENAMES]
-            : FLAT_CONFIG_FILENAMES;
-
-        // determine where to load config file from
-        let configFilePath;
-        const {
-            cwd,
-            configFile: useConfigFile
-        } = this.#options;
-        let basePath = cwd;
-
-        if (typeof useConfigFile === "string") {
-            debug(`Override config file path is ${useConfigFile}`);
-            configFilePath = path.resolve(cwd, useConfigFile);
-            basePath = cwd;
-        } else if (useConfigFile !== false) {
-            debug("Searching for eslint.config.js");
-            configFilePath = await findUp(
-                configFilenames,
-                { cwd: fromDirectory }
-            );
-
-            if (configFilePath) {
-                basePath = path.dirname(configFilePath);
-            }
+        const resultPromise = ConfigLoader.locateConfigFileToUse({
+            useConfigFile: this.#options.configFile,
+            cwd: this.#options.cwd,
+            fromDirectory,
+            allowTS: this.#options.allowTS
+        });
 
-        }
+        // ensure `ConfigLoader.locateConfigFileToUse` is called only once for `fromDirectory`
+        this.#configFilePaths.set(fromDirectory, resultPromise);
 
-        // cache the result
-        this.#configFilePaths.set(fromDirectory, { configFilePath, basePath });
+        // Unwrap the promise. This is primarily for the sync `getCachedConfigArrayForPath` method.
+        const result = await resultPromise;
 
-        return {
-            configFilePath,
-            basePath
-        };
+        this.#configFilePaths.set(fromDirectory, result);
 
+        return result;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -399,9 +289,14 @@ class ConfigLoader {
             return this.#configArrays.get(configFilePath);
         }
 
-        const configs = await calculateConfigArray(configFilePath, basePath, this.#options);
+        const configsPromise = ConfigLoader.calculateConfigArray(configFilePath, basePath, this.#options);
+
+        // ensure `ConfigLoader.calculateConfigArray` is called only once for `configFilePath`
+        this.#configArrays.set(configFilePath, configsPromise);
+
+        // Unwrap the promise. This is primarily for the sync `getCachedConfigArrayForPath` method.
+        const configs = await configsPromise;
 
-        // cache the config array for this instance
         this.#configArrays.set(configFilePath, configs);
 
         return configs;
@@ -512,9 +407,168 @@ class ConfigLoader {
             throw new Error(`Could not find config file for ${fileOrDirPath}`);
         }
 
-        const { configFilePath } = this.#configFilePaths.get(absoluteDirPath);
+        const configFilePathInfo = this.#configFilePaths.get(absoluteDirPath);
 
-        return this.#configArrays.get(configFilePath);
+        if (typeof configFilePathInfo.then === "function") {
+            throw new Error(`Config file path for ${fileOrDirPath} has not yet been calculated or an error occurred during the calculation`);
+        }
+
+        const { configFilePath } = configFilePathInfo;
+
+        const configArray = this.#configArrays.get(configFilePath);
+
+        if (!configArray || typeof configArray.then === "function") {
+            throw new Error(`Config array for ${fileOrDirPath} has not yet been calculated or an error occurred during the calculation`);
+        }
+
+        return configArray;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Used to import the jiti dependency. This method is exposed internally for testing purposes.
+     * @returns {Promise<Record<string, unknown>>} A promise that fulfills with a module object
+     *      or rejects with an error if jiti is not found.
+     */
+    static loadJiti() {
+        return import("jiti");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines which config file to use. This is determined by seeing if an
+     * override config file was specified, and if so, using it; otherwise, as long
+     * as override config file is not explicitly set to `false`, it will search
+     * upwards from `fromDirectory` for a file named `eslint.config.js`.
+     * This method is exposed internally for testing purposes.
+     * @param {Object} [options] the options object
+     * @param {string|false|undefined} options.useConfigFile The path to the config file to use.
+     * @param {string} options.cwd Path to a directory that should be considered as the current working directory.
+     * @param {string} [options.fromDirectory] The directory from which to start searching. Defaults to `cwd`.
+     * @param {boolean} options.allowTS Indicates if TypeScript configuration files are allowed.
+     * @returns {Promise<{configFilePath:string|undefined,basePath:string}>} Location information for
+     *      the config file.
+     */
+    static async locateConfigFileToUse({ useConfigFile, cwd, fromDirectory = cwd, allowTS }) {
+
+        const configFilenames = allowTS
+            ? [...FLAT_CONFIG_FILENAMES, ...TS_FLAT_CONFIG_FILENAMES]
+            : FLAT_CONFIG_FILENAMES;
+
+        // determine where to load config file from
+        let configFilePath;
+        let basePath = cwd;
+
+        if (typeof useConfigFile === "string") {
+            debug(`Override config file path is ${useConfigFile}`);
+            configFilePath = path.resolve(cwd, useConfigFile);
+            basePath = cwd;
+        } else if (useConfigFile !== false) {
+            debug("Searching for eslint.config.js");
+            configFilePath = await findUp(
+                configFilenames,
+                { cwd: fromDirectory }
+            );
+
+            if (configFilePath) {
+                basePath = path.dirname(configFilePath);
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        return {
+            configFilePath,
+            basePath
+        };
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the config array for this run based on inputs.
+     * This method is exposed internally for testing purposes.
+     * @param {string} configFilePath The absolute path to the config file to use if not overridden.
+     * @param {string} basePath The base path to use for relative paths in the config file.
+     * @param {ConfigLoaderOptions} options The options to use when loading configuration files.
+     * @returns {Promise<FlatConfigArray>} The config array for `eslint`.
+     */
+    static async calculateConfigArray(configFilePath, basePath, options) {
+
+        const {
+            cwd,
+            baseConfig,
+            ignoreEnabled,
+            ignorePatterns,
+            overrideConfig,
+            defaultConfigs = [],
+            allowTS
+        } = options;
+
+        debug(`Calculating config array from config file ${configFilePath} and base path ${basePath}`);
+
+        const configs = new FlatConfigArray(baseConfig || [], { basePath, shouldIgnore: ignoreEnabled });
+
+        // load config file
+        if (configFilePath) {
+
+            debug(`Loading config file ${configFilePath}`);
+            const fileConfig = await loadConfigFile(configFilePath, allowTS);
+
+            if (Array.isArray(fileConfig)) {
+                configs.push(...fileConfig);
+            } else {
+                configs.push(fileConfig);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // add in any configured defaults
+        configs.push(...defaultConfigs);
+
+        // append command line ignore patterns
+        if (ignorePatterns && ignorePatterns.length > 0) {
+
+            let relativeIgnorePatterns;
+
+            /*
+             * If the config file basePath is different than the cwd, then
+             * the ignore patterns won't work correctly. Here, we adjust the
+             * ignore pattern to include the correct relative path. Patterns
+             * passed as `ignorePatterns` are relative to the cwd, whereas
+             * the config file basePath can be an ancestor of the cwd.
+             */
+            if (basePath === cwd) {
+                relativeIgnorePatterns = ignorePatterns;
+            } else {
+
+                // relative path must only have Unix-style separators
+                const relativeIgnorePath = path.relative(basePath, cwd).replace(/\\/gu, "/");
+
+                relativeIgnorePatterns = ignorePatterns.map(pattern => {
+                    const negated = pattern.startsWith("!");
+                    const basePattern = negated ? pattern.slice(1) : pattern;
+
+                    return (negated ? "!" : "") +
+                    path.posix.join(relativeIgnorePath, basePattern);
+                });
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Ignore patterns are added to the end of the config array
+             * so they can override default ignores.
+             */
+            configs.push({
+                ignores: relativeIgnorePatterns
+            });
+        }
+
+        if (overrideConfig) {
+            if (Array.isArray(overrideConfig)) {
+                configs.push(...overrideConfig);
+            } else {
+                configs.push(overrideConfig);
+            }
+        }
+
+        await configs.normalize();
+
+        return configs;
     }
 
 }
@@ -533,13 +587,13 @@ class LegacyConfigLoader extends ConfigLoader {
 
     /**
      * The cached config file path for this instance.
-     * @type {{configFilePath:string,basePath:string}|undefined}
+     * @type {Promise<{configFilePath:string,basePath:string}|undefined>}
      */
     #configFilePath;
 
     /**
      * The cached config array for this instance.
-     * @type {FlatConfigArray}
+     * @type {FlatConfigArray|Promise<FlatConfigArray>}
      */
     #configArray;
 
@@ -560,50 +614,16 @@ class LegacyConfigLoader extends ConfigLoader {
      * @returns {Promise<{configFilePath:string|undefined,basePath:string}>} Location information for
      *      the config file.
      */
-    async #locateConfigFileToUse() {
-
-        // check cache first
-        if (this.#configFilePath) {
-            return this.#configFilePath;
-        }
-
-        const configFilenames = this.#options.allowTS
-            ? [...FLAT_CONFIG_FILENAMES, ...TS_FLAT_CONFIG_FILENAMES]
-            : FLAT_CONFIG_FILENAMES;
-
-        // determine where to load config file from
-        let configFilePath;
-        const {
-            cwd,
-            configFile: useConfigFile
-        } = this.#options;
-        let basePath = cwd;
-
-        if (typeof useConfigFile === "string") {
-            debug(`[Legacy]: Override config file path is ${useConfigFile}`);
-            configFilePath = path.resolve(cwd, useConfigFile);
-            basePath = cwd;
-        } else if (useConfigFile !== false) {
-            debug("[Legacy]: Searching for eslint.config.js");
-            configFilePath = await findUp(
-                configFilenames,
-                { cwd }
-            );
-
-            if (configFilePath) {
-                basePath = path.dirname(configFilePath);
-            }
-
+    #locateConfigFileToUse() {
+        if (!this.#configFilePath) {
+            this.#configFilePath = ConfigLoader.locateConfigFileToUse({
+                useConfigFile: this.#options.configFile,
+                cwd: this.#options.cwd,
+                allowTS: this.#options.allowTS
+            });
         }
 
-        // cache the result
-        this.#configFilePath = { configFilePath, basePath };
-
-        return {
-            configFilePath,
-            basePath
-        };
-
+        return this.#configFilePath;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -619,12 +639,13 @@ class LegacyConfigLoader extends ConfigLoader {
             return this.#configArray;
         }
 
-        const configs = await calculateConfigArray(configFilePath, basePath, this.#options);
+        // ensure `ConfigLoader.calculateConfigArray` is called only once
+        this.#configArray = ConfigLoader.calculateConfigArray(configFilePath, basePath, this.#options);
 
-        // cache the config array for this instance
-        this.#configArray = configs;
+        // Unwrap the promise. This is primarily for the sync `getCachedConfigArrayForPath` method.
+        this.#configArray = await this.#configArray;
 
-        return configs;
+        return this.#configArray;
     }
 
 
@@ -687,6 +708,10 @@ class LegacyConfigLoader extends ConfigLoader {
             throw new Error(`Could not find config file for ${dirPath}`);
         }
 
+        if (typeof this.#configArray.then === "function") {
+            throw new Error(`Config array for ${dirPath} has not yet been calculated or an error occurred during the calculation`);
+        }
+
         return this.#configArray;
     }
 }

package/lib/config/config.js

@@ -188,10 +188,6 @@ class Config {
         this.plugins = plugins;
         this.language = language;
 
-        if (languageOptions) {
-            this.languageOptions = languageOptions;
-        }
-
         // Check language value
         const { pluginName: languagePluginName, objectName: localLanguageName } = splitPluginIdentifier(language);
 
@@ -203,13 +199,20 @@ class Config {
 
         this.language = plugins[languagePluginName].languages[localLanguageName];
 
+        if (this.language.defaultLanguageOptions ?? languageOptions) {
+            this.languageOptions = flatConfigSchema.languageOptions.merge(
+                this.language.defaultLanguageOptions,
+                languageOptions
+            );
+        } else {
+            this.languageOptions = {};
+        }
+
         // Validate language options
-        if (this.languageOptions) {
-            try {
-                this.language.validateLanguageOptions(this.languageOptions);
-            } catch (error) {
-                throw new TypeError(`Key "languageOptions": ${error.message}`, { cause: error });
-            }
+        try {
+            this.language.validateLanguageOptions(this.languageOptions);
+        } catch (error) {
+            throw new TypeError(`Key "languageOptions": ${error.message}`, { cause: error });
         }
 
         // Check processor value

package/lib/config/default-config.js

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ const Rules = require("../rules");
 // Helpers
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-exports.defaultConfig = [
+exports.defaultConfig = Object.freeze([
     {
         plugins: {
             "@": {
@@ -42,12 +42,6 @@ exports.defaultConfig = [
             }
         },
         language: "@/js",
-        languageOptions: {
-            sourceType: "module",
-            ecmaVersion: "latest",
-            parser: require("espree"),
-            parserOptions: {}
-        },
         linterOptions: {
             reportUnusedDisableDirectives: 1
         }
@@ -72,4 +66,4 @@ exports.defaultConfig = [
             ecmaVersion: "latest"
         }
     }
-];
+]);