eleva 1.0.0-alpha → 1.0.0-rc.2

package/dist/eleva.cjs.js

@@ -0,0 +1,978 @@
+/*! Eleva v1.0.0-rc.2 | MIT License | https://elevajs.com */
+'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * @class 🔒 TemplateEngine
+ * @classdesc A secure template engine that handles interpolation and dynamic attribute parsing.
+ * Provides a safe way to evaluate expressions in templates while preventing XSS attacks.
+ * All methods are static and can be called directly on the class.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const template = "Hello, {{name}}!";
+ * const data = { name: "World" };
+ * const result = TemplateEngine.parse(template, data); // Returns: "Hello, World!"
+ */
+class TemplateEngine {
+  /**
+   * @private {RegExp} Regular expression for matching template expressions in the format {{ expression }}
+   * @type {RegExp}
+   */
+  static expressionPattern = /\{\{\s*(.*?)\s*\}\}/g;
+
+  /**
+   * Parses a template string, replacing expressions with their evaluated values.
+   * Expressions are evaluated in the provided data context.
+   *
+   * @public
+   * @static
+   * @param {string} template - The template string to parse.
+   * @param {Record<string, unknown>} data - The data context for evaluating expressions.
+   * @returns {string} The parsed template with expressions replaced by their values.
+   * @example
+   * const result = TemplateEngine.parse("{{user.name}} is {{user.age}} years old", {
+   *   user: { name: "John", age: 30 }
+   * }); // Returns: "John is 30 years old"
+   */
+  static parse(template, data) {
+    if (typeof template !== "string") return template;
+    return template.replace(this.expressionPattern, (_, expression) => this.evaluate(expression, data));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Evaluates an expression in the context of the provided data object.
+   * Note: This does not provide a true sandbox and evaluated expressions may access global scope.
+   * The use of the `with` statement is necessary for expression evaluation but has security implications.
+   * Expressions should be carefully validated before evaluation.
+   *
+   * @public
+   * @static
+   * @param {string} expression - The expression to evaluate.
+   * @param {Record<string, unknown>} data - The data context for evaluation.
+   * @returns {unknown} The result of the evaluation, or an empty string if evaluation fails.
+   * @example
+   * const result = TemplateEngine.evaluate("user.name", { user: { name: "John" } }); // Returns: "John"
+   * const age = TemplateEngine.evaluate("user.age", { user: { age: 30 } }); // Returns: 30
+   */
+  static evaluate(expression, data) {
+    if (typeof expression !== "string") return expression;
+    try {
+      return new Function("data", `with(data) { return ${expression}; }`)(data);
+    } catch {
+      return "";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @class ⚡ Signal
+ * @classdesc A reactive data holder that enables fine-grained reactivity in the Eleva framework.
+ * Signals notify registered watchers when their value changes, enabling efficient DOM updates
+ * through targeted patching rather than full re-renders.
+ * Updates are batched using microtasks to prevent multiple synchronous notifications.
+ * The class is generic, allowing type-safe handling of any value type T.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const count = new Signal(0);
+ * count.watch((value) => console.log(`Count changed to: ${value}`));
+ * count.value = 1; // Logs: "Count changed to: 1"
+ * @template T
+ */
+class Signal {
+  /**
+   * Creates a new Signal instance with the specified initial value.
+   *
+   * @public
+   * @param {T} value - The initial value of the signal.
+   */
+  constructor(value) {
+    /** @private {T} Internal storage for the signal's current value */
+    this._value = value;
+    /** @private {Set<(value: T) => void>} Collection of callback functions to be notified when value changes */
+    this._watchers = new Set();
+    /** @private {boolean} Flag to prevent multiple synchronous watcher notifications and batch updates into microtasks */
+    this._pending = false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the current value of the signal.
+   *
+   * @public
+   * @returns {T} The current value.
+   */
+  get value() {
+    return this._value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets a new value for the signal and notifies all registered watchers if the value has changed.
+   * The notification is batched using microtasks to prevent multiple synchronous updates.
+   *
+   * @public
+   * @param {T} newVal - The new value to set.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  set value(newVal) {
+    if (this._value === newVal) return;
+    this._value = newVal;
+    this._notify();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Registers a watcher function that will be called whenever the signal's value changes.
+   * The watcher will receive the new value as its argument.
+   *
+   * @public
+   * @param {(value: T) => void} fn - The callback function to invoke on value change.
+   * @returns {() => boolean} A function to unsubscribe the watcher.
+   * @example
+   * const unsubscribe = signal.watch((value) => console.log(value));
+   * // Later...
+   * unsubscribe(); // Stops watching for changes
+   */
+  watch(fn) {
+    this._watchers.add(fn);
+    return () => this._watchers.delete(fn);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Notifies all registered watchers of a value change using microtask scheduling.
+   * Uses a pending flag to batch multiple synchronous updates into a single notification.
+   * All watcher callbacks receive the current value when executed.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  _notify() {
+    if (this._pending) return;
+    this._pending = true;
+    queueMicrotask(() => {
+      /** @type {(fn: (value: T) => void) => void} */
+      this._watchers.forEach(fn => fn(this._value));
+      this._pending = false;
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @class 📡 Emitter
+ * @classdesc A robust event emitter that enables inter-component communication through a publish-subscribe pattern.
+ * Components can emit events and listen for events from other components, facilitating loose coupling
+ * and reactive updates across the application.
+ * Events are handled synchronously in the order they were registered, with proper cleanup
+ * of unsubscribed handlers.
+ * Event names should follow the format 'namespace:action' (e.g., 'user:login', 'cart:update').
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const emitter = new Emitter();
+ * emitter.on('user:login', (user) => console.log(`User logged in: ${user.name}`));
+ * emitter.emit('user:login', { name: 'John' }); // Logs: "User logged in: John"
+ */
+class Emitter {
+  /**
+   * Creates a new Emitter instance.
+   *
+   * @public
+   */
+  constructor() {
+    /** @private {Map<string, Set<(data: unknown) => void>>} Map of event names to their registered handler functions */
+    this._events = new Map();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Registers an event handler for the specified event name.
+   * The handler will be called with the event data when the event is emitted.
+   * Event names should follow the format 'namespace:action' for consistency.
+   *
+   * @public
+   * @param {string} event - The name of the event to listen for (e.g., 'user:login').
+   * @param {(data: unknown) => void} handler - The callback function to invoke when the event occurs.
+   * @returns {() => void} A function to unsubscribe the event handler.
+   * @example
+   * const unsubscribe = emitter.on('user:login', (user) => console.log(user));
+   * // Later...
+   * unsubscribe(); // Stops listening for the event
+   */
+  on(event, handler) {
+    if (!this._events.has(event)) this._events.set(event, new Set());
+    this._events.get(event).add(handler);
+    return () => this.off(event, handler);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Removes an event handler for the specified event name.
+   * If no handler is provided, all handlers for the event are removed.
+   * Automatically cleans up empty event sets to prevent memory leaks.
+   *
+   * @public
+   * @param {string} event - The name of the event to remove handlers from.
+   * @param {(data: unknown) => void} [handler] - The specific handler function to remove.
+   * @returns {void}
+   * @example
+   * // Remove a specific handler
+   * emitter.off('user:login', loginHandler);
+   * // Remove all handlers for an event
+   * emitter.off('user:login');
+   */
+  off(event, handler) {
+    if (!this._events.has(event)) return;
+    if (handler) {
+      const handlers = this._events.get(event);
+      handlers.delete(handler);
+      // Remove the event if there are no handlers left
+      if (handlers.size === 0) this._events.delete(event);
+    } else {
+      this._events.delete(event);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Emits an event with the specified data to all registered handlers.
+   * Handlers are called synchronously in the order they were registered.
+   * If no handlers are registered for the event, the emission is silently ignored.
+   *
+   * @public
+   * @param {string} event - The name of the event to emit.
+   * @param {...unknown} args - Optional arguments to pass to the event handlers.
+   * @returns {void}
+   * @example
+   * // Emit an event with data
+   * emitter.emit('user:login', { name: 'John', role: 'admin' });
+   * // Emit an event with multiple arguments
+   * emitter.emit('cart:update', { items: [] }, { total: 0 });
+   */
+  emit(event, ...args) {
+    if (!this._events.has(event)) return;
+    this._events.get(event).forEach(handler => handler(...args));
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A regular expression to match hyphenated lowercase letters.
+ * @private
+ * @type {RegExp}
+ */
+const CAMEL_RE = /-([a-z])/g;
+
+/**
+ * @class 🎨 Renderer
+ * @classdesc A high-performance DOM renderer that implements an optimized direct DOM diffing algorithm.
+ *
+ * Key features:
+ * - Single-pass diffing algorithm for efficient DOM updates
+ * - Key-based node reconciliation for optimal performance
+ * - Intelligent attribute handling for ARIA, data attributes, and boolean properties
+ * - Preservation of special Eleva-managed instances and style elements
+ * - Memory-efficient with reusable temporary containers
+ *
+ * The renderer is designed to minimize DOM operations while maintaining
+ * exact attribute synchronization and proper node identity preservation.
+ * It's particularly optimized for frequent updates and complex DOM structures.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const renderer = new Renderer();
+ * const container = document.getElementById("app");
+ * const newHtml = "<div>Updated content</div>";
+ * renderer.patchDOM(container, newHtml);
+ */
+class Renderer {
+  /**
+   * Creates a new Renderer instance.
+   * @public
+   */
+  constructor() {
+    /**
+     * A temporary container to hold the new HTML content while diffing.
+     * @private
+     * @type {HTMLElement}
+     */
+    this._tempContainer = document.createElement("div");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Patches the DOM of the given container with the provided HTML string.
+   *
+   * @public
+   * @param {HTMLElement} container - The container element to patch.
+   * @param {string} newHtml - The new HTML string.
+   * @returns {void}
+   * @throws {TypeError} If container is not an HTMLElement or newHtml is not a string.
+   * @throws {Error} If DOM patching fails.
+   */
+  patchDOM(container, newHtml) {
+    if (!(container instanceof HTMLElement)) {
+      throw new TypeError("Container must be an HTMLElement");
+    }
+    if (typeof newHtml !== "string") {
+      throw new TypeError("newHtml must be a string");
+    }
+    try {
+      this._tempContainer.innerHTML = newHtml;
+      this._diff(container, this._tempContainer);
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw new Error(`Failed to patch DOM: ${error.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Performs a diff between two DOM nodes and patches the old node to match the new node.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {HTMLElement} oldParent - The original DOM element.
+   * @param {HTMLElement} newParent - The new DOM element.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  _diff(oldParent, newParent) {
+    if (oldParent === newParent || oldParent.isEqualNode?.(newParent)) return;
+    const oldChildren = Array.from(oldParent.childNodes);
+    const newChildren = Array.from(newParent.childNodes);
+    let oldStartIdx = 0,
+      newStartIdx = 0;
+    let oldEndIdx = oldChildren.length - 1;
+    let newEndIdx = newChildren.length - 1;
+    let oldKeyMap = null;
+    while (oldStartIdx <= oldEndIdx && newStartIdx <= newEndIdx) {
+      let oldStartNode = oldChildren[oldStartIdx];
+      let newStartNode = newChildren[newStartIdx];
+      if (!oldStartNode) {
+        oldStartNode = oldChildren[++oldStartIdx];
+      } else if (this._isSameNode(oldStartNode, newStartNode)) {
+        this._patchNode(oldStartNode, newStartNode);
+        oldStartIdx++;
+        newStartIdx++;
+      } else {
+        if (!oldKeyMap) {
+          oldKeyMap = this._createKeyMap(oldChildren, oldStartIdx, oldEndIdx);
+        }
+        const key = this._getNodeKey(newStartNode);
+        const oldNodeToMove = key ? oldKeyMap.get(key) : null;
+        if (oldNodeToMove) {
+          this._patchNode(oldNodeToMove, newStartNode);
+          oldParent.insertBefore(oldNodeToMove, oldStartNode);
+          oldChildren[oldChildren.indexOf(oldNodeToMove)] = null;
+        } else {
+          oldParent.insertBefore(newStartNode.cloneNode(true), oldStartNode);
+        }
+        newStartIdx++;
+      }
+    }
+    if (oldStartIdx > oldEndIdx) {
+      const refNode = newChildren[newEndIdx + 1] ? oldChildren[oldStartIdx] : null;
+      for (let i = newStartIdx; i <= newEndIdx; i++) {
+        if (newChildren[i]) oldParent.insertBefore(newChildren[i].cloneNode(true), refNode);
+      }
+    } else if (newStartIdx > newEndIdx) {
+      for (let i = oldStartIdx; i <= oldEndIdx; i++) {
+        if (oldChildren[i]) this._removeNode(oldParent, oldChildren[i]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Patches a single node.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Node} oldNode - The original DOM node.
+   * @param {Node} newNode - The new DOM node.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  _patchNode(oldNode, newNode) {
+    if (oldNode?._eleva_instance) return;
+    if (!this._isSameNode(oldNode, newNode)) {
+      oldNode.replaceWith(newNode.cloneNode(true));
+      return;
+    }
+    if (oldNode.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
+      this._updateAttributes(oldNode, newNode);
+      this._diff(oldNode, newNode);
+    } else if (oldNode.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE && oldNode.nodeValue !== newNode.nodeValue) {
+      oldNode.nodeValue = newNode.nodeValue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Removes a node from its parent.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {HTMLElement} parent - The parent element containing the node to remove.
+   * @param {Node} node - The node to remove.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  _removeNode(parent, node) {
+    if (node.nodeName === "STYLE" && node.hasAttribute("data-e-style")) return;
+    parent.removeChild(node);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Updates the attributes of an element to match a new element's attributes.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {HTMLElement} oldEl - The original element to update.
+   * @param {HTMLElement} newEl - The new element to update.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  _updateAttributes(oldEl, newEl) {
+    const oldAttrs = oldEl.attributes;
+    const newAttrs = newEl.attributes;
+
+    // Single pass for new/updated attributes
+    for (let i = 0; i < newAttrs.length; i++) {
+      const {
+        name,
+        value
+      } = newAttrs[i];
+      if (name.startsWith("@")) continue;
+      if (oldEl.getAttribute(name) === value) continue;
+      oldEl.setAttribute(name, value);
+      if (name.startsWith("aria-")) {
+        const prop = "aria" + name.slice(5).replace(CAMEL_RE, (_, l) => l.toUpperCase());
+        oldEl[prop] = value;
+      } else if (name.startsWith("data-")) {
+        oldEl.dataset[name.slice(5)] = value;
+      } else {
+        const prop = name.replace(CAMEL_RE, (_, l) => l.toUpperCase());
+        if (prop in oldEl) {
+          const descriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Object.getPrototypeOf(oldEl), prop);
+          const isBoolean = typeof oldEl[prop] === "boolean" || descriptor?.get && typeof descriptor.get.call(oldEl) === "boolean";
+          if (isBoolean) {
+            oldEl[prop] = value !== "false" && (value === "" || value === prop || value === "true");
+          } else {
+            oldEl[prop] = value;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Remove any attributes no longer present
+    for (let i = oldAttrs.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      const name = oldAttrs[i].name;
+      if (!newEl.hasAttribute(name)) {
+        oldEl.removeAttribute(name);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Determines if two nodes are the same based on their type, name, and key attributes.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Node} oldNode - The first node to compare.
+   * @param {Node} newNode - The second node to compare.
+   * @returns {boolean} True if the nodes are considered the same, false otherwise.
+   */
+  _isSameNode(oldNode, newNode) {
+    if (!oldNode || !newNode) return false;
+    const oldKey = oldNode.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE ? oldNode.getAttribute("key") : null;
+    const newKey = newNode.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE ? newNode.getAttribute("key") : null;
+    if (oldKey && newKey) return oldKey === newKey;
+    return !oldKey && !newKey && oldNode.nodeType === newNode.nodeType && oldNode.nodeName === newNode.nodeName;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a key map for the children of a parent node.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array<Node>} children - The children of the parent node.
+   * @param {number} start - The start index of the children.
+   * @param {number} end - The end index of the children.
+   * @returns {Map<string, Node>} A key map for the children.
+   */
+  _createKeyMap(children, start, end) {
+    const map = new Map();
+    for (let i = start; i <= end; i++) {
+      const child = children[i];
+      const key = this._getNodeKey(child);
+      if (key) map.set(key, child);
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Extracts the key attribute from a node if it exists.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Node} node - The node to extract the key from.
+   * @returns {string|null} The key attribute value or null if not found.
+   */
+  _getNodeKey(node) {
+    return node?.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE ? node.getAttribute("key") : null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} ComponentDefinition
+ * @property {function(ComponentContext): (Record<string, unknown>|Promise<Record<string, unknown>>)} [setup]
+ *           Optional setup function that initializes the component's state and returns reactive data
+ * @property {(function(ComponentContext): string|Promise<string>)} template
+ *           Required function that defines the component's HTML structure
+ * @property {(function(ComponentContext): string)|string} [style]
+ *           Optional function or string that provides component-scoped CSS styles
+ * @property {Record<string, ComponentDefinition>} [children]
+ *           Optional object defining nested child components
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} ComponentContext
+ * @property {Record<string, unknown>} props
+ *           Component properties passed during mounting
+ * @property {Emitter} emitter
+ *           Event emitter instance for component event handling
+ * @property {function<T>(value: T): Signal<T>} signal
+ *           Factory function to create reactive Signal instances
+ * @property {function(LifecycleHookContext): Promise<void>} [onBeforeMount]
+ *           Hook called before component mounting
+ * @property {function(LifecycleHookContext): Promise<void>} [onMount]
+ *           Hook called after component mounting
+ * @property {function(LifecycleHookContext): Promise<void>} [onBeforeUpdate]
+ *           Hook called before component update
+ * @property {function(LifecycleHookContext): Promise<void>} [onUpdate]
+ *           Hook called after component update
+ * @property {function(UnmountHookContext): Promise<void>} [onUnmount]
+ *           Hook called during component unmounting
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} LifecycleHookContext
+ * @property {HTMLElement} container
+ *           The DOM element where the component is mounted
+ * @property {ComponentContext} context
+ *           The component's reactive state and context data
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} UnmountHookContext
+ * @property {HTMLElement} container
+ *           The DOM element where the component is mounted
+ * @property {ComponentContext} context
+ *           The component's reactive state and context data
+ * @property {{
+ *   watchers: Array<() => void>,    // Signal watcher cleanup functions
+ *   listeners: Array<() => void>,   // Event listener cleanup functions
+ *   children: Array<MountResult>    // Child component instances
+ * }} cleanup
+ *           Object containing cleanup functions and instances
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} MountResult
+ * @property {HTMLElement} container
+ *           The DOM element where the component is mounted
+ * @property {ComponentContext} data
+ *           The component's reactive state and context data
+ * @property {function(): Promise<void>} unmount
+ *           Function to clean up and unmount the component
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} ElevaPlugin
+ * @property {function(Eleva, Record<string, unknown>): void} install
+ *           Function that installs the plugin into the Eleva instance
+ * @property {string} name
+ *           Unique identifier name for the plugin
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @class 🧩 Eleva
+ * @classdesc A modern, signal-based component runtime framework that provides lifecycle hooks,
+ * scoped styles, and plugin support. Eleva manages component registration, plugin integration,
+ * event handling, and DOM rendering with a focus on performance and developer experience.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Basic component creation and mounting
+ * const app = new Eleva("myApp");
+ * app.component("myComponent", {
+ *   setup: (ctx) => ({ count: ctx.signal(0) }),
+ *   template: (ctx) => `<div>Hello ${ctx.props.name}</div>`
+ * });
+ * app.mount(document.getElementById("app"), "myComponent", { name: "World" });
+ *
+ * @example
+ * // Using lifecycle hooks
+ * app.component("lifecycleDemo", {
+ *   setup: () => {
+ *     return {
+ *       onMount: ({ container, context }) => {
+ *         console.log('Component mounted!');
+ *       }
+ *     };
+ *   },
+ *   template: `<div>Lifecycle Demo</div>`
+ * });
+ */
+class Eleva {
+  /**
+   * Creates a new Eleva instance with the specified name and configuration.
+   *
+   * @public
+   * @param {string} name - The unique identifier name for this Eleva instance.
+   * @param {Record<string, unknown>} [config={}] - Optional configuration object for the instance.
+   *        May include framework-wide settings and default behaviors.
+   * @throws {Error} If the name is not provided or is not a string.
+   * @returns {Eleva} A new Eleva instance.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const app = new Eleva("myApp");
+   * app.component("myComponent", {
+   *   setup: (ctx) => ({ count: ctx.signal(0) }),
+   *   template: (ctx) => `<div>Hello ${ctx.props.name}!</div>`
+   * });
+   * app.mount(document.getElementById("app"), "myComponent", { name: "World" });
+   *
+   */
+  constructor(name, config = {}) {
+    /** @public {string} The unique identifier name for this Eleva instance */
+    this.name = name;
+    /** @public {Object<string, unknown>} Optional configuration object for the Eleva instance */
+    this.config = config;
+    /** @public {Emitter} Instance of the event emitter for handling component events */
+    this.emitter = new Emitter();
+    /** @public {typeof Signal} Static reference to the Signal class for creating reactive state */
+    this.signal = Signal;
+    /** @public {Renderer} Instance of the renderer for handling DOM updates and patching */
+    this.renderer = new Renderer();
+
+    /** @private {Map<string, ComponentDefinition>} Registry of all component definitions by name */
+    this._components = new Map();
+    /** @private {Map<string, ElevaPlugin>} Collection of installed plugin instances by name */
+    this._plugins = new Map();
+    /** @private {boolean} Flag indicating if the root component is currently mounted */
+    this._isMounted = false;
+    /** @private {number} Counter for generating unique component IDs */
+    this._componentCounter = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Integrates a plugin with the Eleva framework.
+   * The plugin's install function will be called with the Eleva instance and provided options.
+   * After installation, the plugin will be available for use by components.
+   *
+   * @public
+   * @param {ElevaPlugin} plugin - The plugin object which must have an `install` function.
+   * @param {Object<string, unknown>} [options={}] - Optional configuration options for the plugin.
+   * @returns {Eleva} The Eleva instance (for method chaining).
+   * @example
+   * app.use(myPlugin, { option1: "value1" });
+   */
+  use(plugin, options = {}) {
+    plugin.install(this, options);
+    this._plugins.set(plugin.name, plugin);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Registers a new component with the Eleva instance.
+   * The component will be available for mounting using its registered name.
+   *
+   * @public
+   * @param {string} name - The unique name of the component to register.
+   * @param {ComponentDefinition} definition - The component definition including setup, template, style, and children.
+   * @returns {Eleva} The Eleva instance (for method chaining).
+   * @throws {Error} If the component name is already registered.
+   * @example
+   * app.component("myButton", {
+   *   template: (ctx) => `<button>${ctx.props.text}</button>`,
+   *   style: `button { color: blue; }`
+   * });
+   */
+  component(name, definition) {
+    /** @type {Map<string, ComponentDefinition>} */
+    this._components.set(name, definition);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Mounts a registered component to a DOM element.
+   * This will initialize the component, set up its reactive state, and render it to the DOM.
+   *
+   * @public
+   * @param {HTMLElement} container - The DOM element where the component will be mounted.
+   * @param {string|ComponentDefinition} compName - The name of the registered component or a direct component definition.
+   * @param {Object<string, unknown>} [props={}] - Optional properties to pass to the component.
+   * @returns {Promise<MountResult>}
+   *          A Promise that resolves to an object containing:
+   *          - container: The mounted component's container element
+   *          - data: The component's reactive state and context
+   *          - unmount: Function to clean up and unmount the component
+   * @throws {Error} If the container is not found, or component is not registered.
+   * @example
+   * const instance = await app.mount(document.getElementById("app"), "myComponent", { text: "Click me" });
+   * // Later...
+   * instance.unmount();
+   */
+  async mount(container, compName, props = {}) {
+    if (!container) throw new Error(`Container not found: ${container}`);
+    if (container._eleva_instance) return container._eleva_instance;
+
+    /** @type {ComponentDefinition} */
+    const definition = typeof compName === "string" ? this._components.get(compName) : compName;
+    if (!definition) throw new Error(`Component "${compName}" not registered.`);
+
+    /** @type {string} */
+    const compId = `c${++this._componentCounter}`;
+
+    /**
+     * Destructure the component definition to access core functionality.
+     * - setup: Optional function for component initialization and state management
+     * - template: Required function or string that returns the component's HTML structure
+     * - style: Optional function or string for component-scoped CSS styles
+     * - children: Optional object defining nested child components
+     */
+    const {
+      setup,
+      template,
+      style,
+      children
+    } = definition;
+
+    /** @type {ComponentContext} */
+    const context = {
+      props,
+      emitter: this.emitter,
+      /** @type {(v: unknown) => Signal<unknown>} */
+      signal: v => new this.signal(v)
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Processes the mounting of the component.
+     * This function handles:
+     * 1. Merging setup data with the component context
+     * 2. Setting up reactive watchers
+     * 3. Rendering the component
+     * 4. Managing component lifecycle
+     *
+     * @param {Object<string, unknown>} data - Data returned from the component's setup function
+     * @returns {Promise<MountResult>} An object containing:
+     *   - container: The mounted component's container element
+     *   - data: The component's reactive state and context
+     *   - unmount: Function to clean up and unmount the component
+     */
+    const processMount = async data => {
+      /** @type {ComponentContext} */
+      const mergedContext = {
+        ...context,
+        ...data
+      };
+      /** @type {Array<() => void>} */
+      const watchers = [];
+      /** @type {Array<MountResult>} */
+      const childInstances = [];
+      /** @type {Array<() => void>} */
+      const listeners = [];
+
+      // Execute before hooks
+      if (!this._isMounted) {
+        /** @type {LifecycleHookContext} */
+        await mergedContext.onBeforeMount?.({
+          container,
+          context: mergedContext
+        });
+      } else {
+        /** @type {LifecycleHookContext} */
+        await mergedContext.onBeforeUpdate?.({
+          container,
+          context: mergedContext
+        });
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Renders the component by:
+       * 1. Processing the template
+       * 2. Updating the DOM
+       * 3. Processing events, injecting styles, and mounting child components.
+       */
+      const render = async () => {
+        const templateResult = typeof template === "function" ? await template(mergedContext) : template;
+        const newHtml = TemplateEngine.parse(templateResult, mergedContext);
+        this.renderer.patchDOM(container, newHtml);
+        this._processEvents(container, mergedContext, listeners);
+        if (style) this._injectStyles(container, compId, style, mergedContext);
+        if (children) await this._mountComponents(container, children, childInstances);
+        if (!this._isMounted) {
+          /** @type {LifecycleHookContext} */
+          await mergedContext.onMount?.({
+            container,
+            context: mergedContext
+          });
+          this._isMounted = true;
+        } else {
+          /** @type {LifecycleHookContext} */
+          await mergedContext.onUpdate?.({
+            container,
+            context: mergedContext
+          });
+        }
+      };
+
+      /**
+       * Sets up reactive watchers for all Signal instances in the component's data.
+       * When a Signal's value changes, the component will re-render to reflect the updates.
+       * Stores unsubscribe functions to clean up watchers when component unmounts.
+       */
+      for (const val of Object.values(data)) {
+        if (val instanceof Signal) watchers.push(val.watch(render));
+      }
+      await render();
+      const instance = {
+        container,
+        data: mergedContext,
+        /**
+         * Unmounts the component, cleaning up watchers and listeners, child components, and clearing the container.
+         *
+         * @returns {void}
+         */
+        unmount: async () => {
+          /** @type {UnmountHookContext} */
+          await mergedContext.onUnmount?.({
+            container,
+            context: mergedContext,
+            cleanup: {
+              watchers: watchers,
+              listeners: listeners,
+              children: childInstances
+            }
+          });
+          for (const fn of watchers) fn();
+          for (const fn of listeners) fn();
+          for (const child of childInstances) await child.unmount();
+          container.innerHTML = "";
+          delete container._eleva_instance;
+        }
+      };
+      container._eleva_instance = instance;
+      return instance;
+    };
+
+    // Handle asynchronous setup.
+    const setupResult = typeof setup === "function" ? await setup(context) : {};
+    return await processMount(setupResult);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Processes DOM elements for event binding based on attributes starting with "@".
+   * This method handles the event delegation system and ensures proper cleanup of event listeners.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {HTMLElement} container - The container element in which to search for event attributes.
+   * @param {ComponentContext} context - The current component context containing event handler definitions.
+   * @param {Array<() => void>} listeners - Array to collect cleanup functions for each event listener.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  _processEvents(container, context, listeners) {
+    /** @type {NodeListOf<Element>} */
+    const elements = container.querySelectorAll("*");
+    for (const el of elements) {
+      /** @type {NamedNodeMap} */
+      const attrs = el.attributes;
+      for (let i = 0; i < attrs.length; i++) {
+        /** @type {Attr} */
+        const attr = attrs[i];
+        if (!attr.name.startsWith("@")) continue;
+
+        /** @type {keyof HTMLElementEventMap} */
+        const event = attr.name.slice(1);
+        /** @type {string} */
+        const handlerName = attr.value;
+        /** @type {(event: Event) => void} */
+        const handler = context[handlerName] || TemplateEngine.evaluate(handlerName, context);
+        if (typeof handler === "function") {
+          el.addEventListener(event, handler);
+          el.removeAttribute(attr.name);
+          listeners.push(() => el.removeEventListener(event, handler));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Injects scoped styles into the component's container.
+   * The styles are automatically prefixed to prevent style leakage to other components.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {HTMLElement} container - The container element where styles should be injected.
+   * @param {string} compId - The component ID used to identify the style element.
+   * @param {(function(ComponentContext): string)|string} styleDef - The component's style definition (function or string).
+   * @param {ComponentContext} context - The current component context for style interpolation.
+   * @returns {void}
+   */
+  _injectStyles(container, compId, styleDef, context) {
+    /** @type {string} */
+    const newStyle = typeof styleDef === "function" ? TemplateEngine.parse(styleDef(context), context) : styleDef;
+
+    /** @type {HTMLStyleElement|null} */
+    let styleEl = container.querySelector(`style[data-e-style="${compId}"]`);
+    if (styleEl && styleEl.textContent === newStyle) return;
+    if (!styleEl) {
+      styleEl = document.createElement("style");
+      styleEl.setAttribute("data-e-style", compId);
+      container.appendChild(styleEl);
+    }
+    styleEl.textContent = newStyle;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Extracts props from an element's attributes that start with the specified prefix.
+   * This method is used to collect component properties from DOM elements.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {HTMLElement} element - The DOM element to extract props from
+   * @param {string} prefix - The prefix to look for in attributes
+   * @returns {Record<string, string>} An object containing the extracted props
+   * @example
+   * // For an element with attributes:
+   * // <div :name="John" :age="25">
+   * // Returns: { name: "John", age: "25" }
+   */
+  _extractProps(element, prefix) {
+    if (!element.attributes) return {};
+    const props = {};
+    const attrs = element.attributes;
+    for (let i = attrs.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      const attr = attrs[i];
+      if (attr.name.startsWith(prefix)) {
+        const propName = attr.name.slice(prefix.length);
+        props[propName] = attr.value;
+        element.removeAttribute(attr.name);
+      }
+    }
+    return props;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Mounts all components within the parent component's container.
+   * This method handles mounting of explicitly defined children components.
+   *
+   * The mounting process follows these steps:
+   * 1. Cleans up any existing component instances
+   * 2. Mounts explicitly defined children components
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {HTMLElement} container - The container element to mount components in
+   * @param {Object<string, ComponentDefinition>} children - Map of selectors to component definitions for explicit children
+   * @param {Array<MountResult>} childInstances - Array to store all mounted component instances
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Explicit children mounting:
+   * const children = {
+   *   'UserProfile': UserProfileComponent,
+   *   '#settings-panel': "settings-panel"
+   * };
+   */
+  async _mountComponents(container, children, childInstances) {
+    for (const [selector, component] of Object.entries(children)) {
+      if (!selector) continue;
+      for (const el of container.querySelectorAll(selector)) {
+        if (!(el instanceof HTMLElement)) continue;
+        /** @type {Record<string, string>} */
+        const props = this._extractProps(el, ":");
+        /** @type {MountResult} */
+        const instance = await this.mount(el, component, props);
+        if (instance && !childInstances.includes(instance)) {
+          childInstances.push(instance);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = Eleva;
+//# sourceMappingURL=eleva.cjs.js.map