effect 4.0.0-beta.70 → 4.0.0-beta.72

package/src/Stream.ts

@@ -1,40 +1,83 @@
 /**
- * The `Stream` module provides a typed, composable way to describe effectful
- * sequences of values. A `Stream<A, E, R>` can emit zero or more `A` values,
- * fail with an `E`, and require services from `R` while preserving
- * backpressure and resource safety.
+ * The `Stream` module describes effectful sequences that may emit many values
+ * over time. A `Stream<A, E, R>` can produce zero or more `A` values, fail with
+ * an `E`, and require services from `R`; the Effect runtime handles
+ * backpressure, interruption, scopes, and finalizers while the stream is being
+ * consumed.
+ *
+ * Streams are useful for files, sockets, queues, subscriptions, paginated APIs,
+ * background jobs, and any workflow where values should be processed
+ * incrementally instead of loaded into memory all at once.
  *
  * **Mental model**
  *
- * - A stream is a lazy description; it runs only when consumed with a `run*` function
- * - Streams are pull-based and emit chunks internally for efficient throughput
- * - `A` is the element type, `E` is the failure type, and `R` is the required context
- * - Stream composition mirrors `Effect`: use `map`, `flatMap`, error handling, and `pipe`
- * - Resource scopes, interruption, and finalizers are tracked by the Effect runtime
- * - Interop functions connect streams to queues, pub/subs, web streams, async iterables, and channels
+ * - A stream is a lazy description; it does not run until consumed with
+ *   {@link run}, {@link runCollect}, {@link runForEach}, or another `run*`
+ *   function.
+ * - Pulling drives evaluation. Operators request values from upstream, and the
+ *   runtime propagates demand instead of pushing unbounded data downstream.
+ * - Values are batched internally as chunks for throughput, while user-facing
+ *   combinators still work with individual elements unless they mention chunks.
+ * - `A` is the element type, `E` is the failure type, and `R` is the required
+ *   service context.
+ * - Composition mirrors `Effect`: use `pipe`, {@link map}, {@link flatMap},
+ *   error handling, resource operators, and service provisioning.
  *
  * **Common tasks**
  *
- * - Create streams: {@link make}, {@link fromIterable}, {@link fromEffect}, {@link fromQueue}
- * - Transform values: {@link map}, {@link mapEffect}, {@link flatMap}, {@link filter}
- * - Combine streams: {@link concat}, {@link merge}, {@link zip}, {@link race}
- * - Control demand and timing: {@link take}, {@link drop}, {@link debounce}, {@link throttle}
- * - Manage errors: {@link catchCause}, {@link catchIf}, {@link mapError}, {@link retry}
- * - Manage resources and services: {@link scoped}, {@link ensuring}, {@link provide}
- * - Consume streams: {@link runCollect}, {@link runForEach}, {@link runFold}, {@link runDrain}
+ * - Create streams from values, effects, and collections with {@link make},
+ *   {@link fromEffect}, {@link fromIterable}, and {@link fromQueue}.
+ * - Transform or select values with {@link map}, {@link mapEffect},
+ *   {@link flatMap}, {@link filter}, and {@link filterMap}.
+ * - Combine streams with {@link concat}, {@link merge}, {@link zip},
+ *   {@link race}, and {@link interleave}.
+ * - Control size and timing with {@link take}, {@link drop}, {@link debounce},
+ *   {@link throttle}, {@link grouped}, and {@link groupedWithin}.
+ * - Handle failures with {@link catchCause}, {@link catchIf},
+ *   {@link mapError}, {@link retry}, and {@link withExecutionPlan}.
+ * - Connect to other protocols with {@link fromReadableStream},
+ *   {@link toReadableStream}, {@link fromAsyncIterable}, {@link toQueue}, and
+ *   {@link runIntoQueue}.
+ * - Consume streams with {@link runCollect}, {@link runForEach},
+ *   {@link runFold}, {@link runDrain}, or a {@link Sink.Sink}.
+ *
+ * **Quickstart**
+ *
+ * **Example** (Transforming and collecting values)
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { Effect, Stream } from "effect"
+ *
+ * const program = Stream.make(1, 2, 3).pipe(
+ *   Stream.map((n) => n * 2),
+ *   Stream.runCollect
+ * )
+ *
+ * Effect.runPromise(program).then(console.log)
+ * // [2, 4, 6]
+ * ```
  *
  * **Gotchas**
  *
- * - A stream is not a collection; constructors and operators build a description until it is run
- * - Re-running a stream re-executes its effects unless it is explicitly shared or backed by external state
- * - Operators such as {@link merge}, {@link race}, and {@link broadcast} introduce concurrency and interruption semantics
- * - Prefer bounded constructors and sinks for large or infinite streams instead of collecting everything into memory
+ * - A stream is not a collection. Constructors and operators build a
+ *   description; effects run each time the stream is consumed.
+ * - {@link runCollect} stores every emitted value in memory. Prefer
+ *   {@link runForEach}, {@link runFold}, or a streaming sink for large or
+ *   infinite streams.
+ * - Operators such as {@link merge}, {@link race}, {@link broadcast}, and
+ *   {@link share} introduce concurrency, so interruption and finalizer timing
+ *   can matter.
+ * - Reusing the same stream value does not share execution by itself. Use
+ *   {@link share}, {@link broadcast}, queues, or external state when multiple
+ *   consumers must observe one running producer.
  *
  * **See also**
  *
- * - {@link Effect.Effect} for single-result effectful programs
- * - {@link Sink.Sink} for consuming and folding streams
- * - {@link Channel.Channel} for the lower-level primitive underlying streams
+ * - {@link Effect.Effect} for single-result effectful programs.
+ * - {@link Sink.Sink} for reusable stream consumers.
+ * - {@link Channel.Channel} for the lower-level primitive behind streams.
+ * - {@link Queue.Queue} and {@link PubSub.PubSub} for coordinating producers
+ *   and consumers.
  *
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
@@ -98,7 +141,7 @@ import type * as Unify from "./Unify.ts"
 /**
  * String literal type used as the unique brand for `Stream` values.
  *
- * @category Type Identifiers
+ * @category type IDs
  * @since 4.0.0
  */
 export type TypeId = "~effect/Stream"
@@ -107,7 +150,14 @@ export type TypeId = "~effect/Stream"
  * Runtime identifier stored on `Stream` values and used by `isStream` to
  * recognize them.
  *
- * @category Type Identifiers
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * This marker is part of the runtime representation of `Stream` values. Prefer
+ * `isStream` when narrowing unknown values.
+ *
+ * @see {@link isStream} for the public guard that checks this identifier
+ *
+ * @category type IDs
  * @since 4.0.0
  */
 export const TypeId: TypeId = "~effect/Stream"
@@ -362,8 +412,7 @@ export const fromChannel: <Arr extends Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<any>, E, R>(
 ) => Stream<Arr extends Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<infer A> ? A : never, E, R> = internal.fromChannel
 
 /**
- * Either emits the success value of this effect or terminates the stream
- * with the failure value of this effect.
+ * Creates a stream from an effect.
  *
  * **Example** (Creating a stream from an effect)
  *
@@ -424,6 +473,11 @@ export const service = <I, S>(service: Context.Key<I, S>): Stream<S, never, I> =
  * Optionally accesses a service from the context and emits the result as a
  * single element.
  *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to emit an optional dependency as a stream element without requiring that
+ * dependency to be present.
+ *
  * **Example** (Accessing an optional service as a stream)
  *
  * ```ts
@@ -633,7 +687,7 @@ export const fromPull = <A, E, R, EX, RX>(
 ): Stream<A, Pull.ExcludeDone<E> | EX, R | RX> => fromChannel(Channel.fromPull(pull))
 
 /**
- * Derive a stream by transforming its pull effect.
+ * Derives a stream by transforming its pull effect.
  *
  * **Example** (Transforming a pull effect)
  *
@@ -756,7 +810,7 @@ export const toChannel = <A, E, R>(
  *
  * **When to use**
  *
- * You can use the `Queue` with the apis from the `Queue` module to emit
+ * Use when you can use the `Queue` with the apis from the `Queue` module to emit
  * values to the stream or to signal the stream ending.
  *
  * By default it uses an "unbounded" buffer size.
@@ -1505,7 +1559,7 @@ export const fromSchedule = <O, E, R>(schedule: Schedule.Schedule<O, unknown, E,
  *
  * **When to use**
  *
- * Use `PubSub.subscribe` to create the subscription and `Stream.take` or
+ * Use to create the subscription and `Stream.take` or
  * cancellation to control how many values are consumed.
  *
  * **Example** (Creating a stream from a PubSub subscription)
@@ -1655,9 +1709,17 @@ export const unfold = <S, A, E, R>(
   }))
 
 /**
- * Like `Stream.unfold`, but allows the emission of values to end one step further
- * than the unfolding of the state. This is useful for embedding paginated APIs,
- * hence the name.
+ * Creates a stream by repeatedly evaluating an effectful page function.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to consume paginated APIs where each step returns a batch of values
+ * together with an optional next state.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * This is similar to {@link unfold}, but each step can emit zero or more values
+ * and independently decide whether another state should be requested.
  *
  * **Example** (Paginating stream state)
  *
@@ -2321,7 +2383,7 @@ export const flattenEffect: <
   )
 
 /**
- * Effectfully maps over non-empty array chunks emitted by the stream.
+ * Maps over non-empty array chunks emitted by the stream effectfully.
  *
  * **Example** (Effectfully mapping stream chunks)
  *
@@ -2348,7 +2410,7 @@ export const flattenEffect: <
  */
 export const mapArrayEffect: {
   /**
-   * Effectfully maps over non-empty array chunks emitted by the stream.
+   * Maps over non-empty array chunks emitted by the stream effectfully.
    *
    * **Example** (Effectfully mapping stream chunks)
    *
@@ -2377,7 +2439,7 @@ export const mapArrayEffect: {
     f: (a: Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<A>, i: number) => Effect.Effect<Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<B>, E2, R2>
   ): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<B, E | E2, R | R2>
   /**
-   * Effectfully maps over non-empty array chunks emitted by the stream.
+   * Maps over non-empty array chunks emitted by the stream effectfully.
    *
    * **Example** (Effectfully mapping stream chunks)
    *
@@ -2701,8 +2763,7 @@ export const tapBoth: {
   ))
 
 /**
- * Sends all elements emitted by this stream to the specified sink in addition
- * to emitting them.
+ * Runs a sink for all stream elements while still emitting them downstream.
  *
  * **Example** (Tapping values with a sink)
  *
@@ -2733,8 +2794,7 @@ export const tapBoth: {
  */
 export const tapSink: {
   /**
-   * Sends all elements emitted by this stream to the specified sink in addition
-   * to emitting them.
+   * Runs a sink for all stream elements while still emitting them downstream.
    *
    * **Example** (Tapping values with a sink)
    *
@@ -2765,8 +2825,7 @@ export const tapSink: {
    */
   <A, E2, R2>(sink: Sink.Sink<unknown, A, unknown, E2, R2>): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A, E2 | E, R2 | R>
   /**
-   * Sends all elements emitted by this stream to the specified sink in addition
-   * to emitting them.
+   * Runs a sink for all stream elements while still emitting them downstream.
    *
    * **Example** (Tapping values with a sink)
    *
@@ -3380,7 +3439,7 @@ export const repeat: {
 ): Stream<A, E | E2, R | R2> => fromChannel(Channel.repeat(self.channel, schedule)))
 
 /**
- * Spaces the stream's elements according to the provided `schedule`.
+ * Schedules the stream's elements according to the provided schedule.
  *
  * **Example** (Scheduling stream elements)
  *
@@ -3400,12 +3459,12 @@ export const repeat: {
  * // Output: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
  * ```
  *
- * @category Rate Limiting
+ * @category rate limiting
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const schedule: {
   /**
-   * Spaces the stream's elements according to the provided `schedule`.
+   * Schedules the stream's elements according to the provided schedule.
    *
    * **Example** (Scheduling stream elements)
    *
@@ -3425,12 +3484,12 @@ export const schedule: {
    * // Output: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <X, E2, R2, A>(schedule: Schedule.Schedule<X, NoInfer<A>, E2, R2>): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A, E | E2, R2 | R>
   /**
-   * Spaces the stream's elements according to the provided `schedule`.
+   * Schedules the stream's elements according to the provided schedule.
    *
    * **Example** (Scheduling stream elements)
    *
@@ -3450,7 +3509,7 @@ export const schedule: {
    * // Output: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R, X, E2, R2>(self: Stream<A, E, R>, schedule: Schedule.Schedule<X, NoInfer<A>, E2, R2>): Stream<A, E | E2, R | R2>
@@ -3486,7 +3545,7 @@ export const schedule: {
  * // Output: [ 1 ]
  * ```
  *
- * @category Rate Limiting
+ * @category rate limiting
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const timeout: {
@@ -3511,7 +3570,7 @@ export const timeout: {
    * // Output: [ 1 ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   (duration: Duration.Input): <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A, E, R>
@@ -3536,7 +3595,7 @@ export const timeout: {
    * // Output: [ 1 ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>, duration: Duration.Input): Stream<A, E, R>
@@ -3553,13 +3612,24 @@ export const timeout: {
  * Switches to a fallback stream if this stream does not emit a value within
  * the specified duration.
  *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use when a stream should continue with another stream if an upstream pull
+ * waits longer than the allowed duration.
+ *
  * **Details**
  *
  * The timeout is checked for each pull. A zero duration uses `orElse`
  * immediately, while an infinite duration leaves the original stream
  * unchanged.
  *
- * @category Rate Limiting
+ * **Gotchas**
+ *
+ * The fallback stream is not timed after the switch.
+ *
+ * @see {@link timeout} for ending the stream instead of switching to a fallback stream
+ *
+ * @category rate limiting
  * @since 4.0.0
  */
 export const timeoutOrElse: {
@@ -3567,13 +3637,24 @@ export const timeoutOrElse: {
    * Switches to a fallback stream if this stream does not emit a value within
    * the specified duration.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use when a stream should continue with another stream if an upstream pull
+   * waits longer than the allowed duration.
+   *
    * **Details**
    *
    * The timeout is checked for each pull. A zero duration uses `orElse`
    * immediately, while an infinite duration leaves the original stream
    * unchanged.
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * **Gotchas**
+   *
+   * The fallback stream is not timed after the switch.
+   *
+   * @see {@link timeout} for ending the stream instead of switching to a fallback stream
+   *
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
   <B, E2, R2>(
@@ -3586,13 +3667,24 @@ export const timeoutOrElse: {
    * Switches to a fallback stream if this stream does not emit a value within
    * the specified duration.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use when a stream should continue with another stream if an upstream pull
+   * waits longer than the allowed duration.
+   *
    * **Details**
    *
    * The timeout is checked for each pull. A zero duration uses `orElse`
    * immediately, while an infinite duration leaves the original stream
    * unchanged.
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * **Gotchas**
+   *
+   * The fallback stream is not timed after the switch.
+   *
+   * @see {@link timeout} for ending the stream instead of switching to a fallback stream
+   *
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R, B, E2, R2>(
@@ -3799,7 +3891,7 @@ export const repeatElements: {
 export const forever = <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>): Stream<A, E, R> => fromChannel(Channel.forever(self.channel))
 
 /**
- * Submerges the iterables emitted by this stream into the stream's structure.
+ * Flattens the iterables emitted by this stream into the stream's structure.
  *
  * **Example** (Flattening iterable values)
  *
@@ -4561,8 +4653,16 @@ export const mergeRight: {
 /**
  * Merges a collection of streams, running up to the specified number concurrently.
  *
- * @category Merging
- * @since 2.0.0
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to merge an iterable of already-created streams while bounding how many
+ * inner streams may run at the same time.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * The `concurrency` option is required and may be a number or `"unbounded"`.
+ * `bufferSize` controls buffering between inner streams, and outputs are
+ * emitted as they arrive under concurrent merging.
  *
  * **Example** (Merging streams with bounded concurrency)
  *
@@ -4584,13 +4684,27 @@ export const mergeRight: {
  * Effect.runPromise(program)
  * // Output: [ "B", "A" ]
  * ```
+ *
+ * @see {@link merge} for merging exactly two streams and choosing a halt strategy
+ * @see {@link flatten} for flattening a stream that already emits streams
+ *
+ * @category Merging
+ * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const mergeAll: {
   /**
    * Merges a collection of streams, running up to the specified number concurrently.
    *
-   * @category Merging
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to merge an iterable of already-created streams while bounding how many
+   * inner streams may run at the same time.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * The `concurrency` option is required and may be a number or `"unbounded"`.
+   * `bufferSize` controls buffering between inner streams, and outputs are
+   * emitted as they arrive under concurrent merging.
    *
    * **Example** (Merging streams with bounded concurrency)
    *
@@ -4612,6 +4726,12 @@ export const mergeAll: {
    * Effect.runPromise(program)
    * // Output: [ "B", "A" ]
    * ```
+   *
+   * @see {@link merge} for merging exactly two streams and choosing a halt strategy
+   * @see {@link flatten} for flattening a stream that already emits streams
+   *
+   * @category Merging
+   * @since 2.0.0
    */
   (
     options: {
@@ -4622,8 +4742,16 @@ export const mergeAll: {
   /**
    * Merges a collection of streams, running up to the specified number concurrently.
    *
-   * @category Merging
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to merge an iterable of already-created streams while bounding how many
+   * inner streams may run at the same time.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * The `concurrency` option is required and may be a number or `"unbounded"`.
+   * `bufferSize` controls buffering between inner streams, and outputs are
+   * emitted as they arrive under concurrent merging.
    *
    * **Example** (Merging streams with bounded concurrency)
    *
@@ -4645,6 +4773,12 @@ export const mergeAll: {
    * Effect.runPromise(program)
    * // Output: [ "B", "A" ]
    * ```
+   *
+   * @see {@link merge} for merging exactly two streams and choosing a halt strategy
+   * @see {@link flatten} for flattening a stream that already emits streams
+   *
+   * @category Merging
+   * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R>(
     streams: Iterable<Stream<A, E, R>>,
@@ -6261,6 +6395,19 @@ export const filter: {
 /**
  * Filters and maps stream elements in one pass using a `Filter`.
  *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to keep only stream elements accepted by a `Filter` and emit each filter
+ * success value.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * `Result.succeed` values are emitted and `Result.fail` values are skipped.
+ *
+ * @see {@link filter} for keeping original elements with a boolean predicate or refinement
+ * @see {@link filterMapEffect} for an effectful `Filter`
+ * @see {@link partition} for consuming both filter success and failure values
+ *
  * @category filtering
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
@@ -6268,6 +6415,19 @@ export const filterMap: {
   /**
    * Filters and maps stream elements in one pass using a `Filter`.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to keep only stream elements accepted by a `Filter` and emit each filter
+   * success value.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * `Result.succeed` values are emitted and `Result.fail` values are skipped.
+   *
+   * @see {@link filter} for keeping original elements with a boolean predicate or refinement
+   * @see {@link filterMapEffect} for an effectful `Filter`
+   * @see {@link partition} for consuming both filter success and failure values
+   *
    * @category filtering
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
@@ -6275,6 +6435,19 @@ export const filterMap: {
   /**
    * Filters and maps stream elements in one pass using a `Filter`.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to keep only stream elements accepted by a `Filter` and emit each filter
+   * success value.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * `Result.succeed` values are emitted and `Result.fail` values are skipped.
+   *
+   * @see {@link filter} for keeping original elements with a boolean predicate or refinement
+   * @see {@link filterMapEffect} for an effectful `Filter`
+   * @see {@link partition} for consuming both filter success and failure values
+   *
    * @category filtering
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
@@ -6288,7 +6461,7 @@ export const filterMap: {
 )
 
 /**
- * Effectfully filters elements in a single pass.
+ * Filters elements in a single pass effectfully.
  *
  * **Example** (Effectfully filtering stream values)
  *
@@ -6311,7 +6484,7 @@ export const filterMap: {
  */
 export const filterEffect: {
   /**
-   * Effectfully filters elements in a single pass.
+   * Filters elements in a single pass effectfully.
    *
    * **Example** (Effectfully filtering stream values)
    *
@@ -6334,7 +6507,7 @@ export const filterEffect: {
    */
   <A, EX, RX>(predicate: (a: NoInfer<A>, i: number) => Effect.Effect<boolean, EX, RX>): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A, E | EX, R | RX>
   /**
-   * Effectfully filters elements in a single pass.
+   * Filters elements in a single pass effectfully.
    *
    * **Example** (Effectfully filtering stream values)
    *
@@ -6368,21 +6541,63 @@ export const filterEffect: {
 )
 
 /**
- * Effectfully filters and maps elements in a single pass.
+ * Filters and maps elements in one pass effectfully using a `FilterEffect`.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to apply effectful logic that can reject stream elements or emit
+ * transformed values before they continue downstream.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * `Result.succeed` values are emitted, `Result.fail` values are skipped, and
+ * effect failures fail the stream.
+ *
+ * @see {@link filterMap} for the synchronous `Filter` variant
+ * @see {@link filterEffect} for effectfully keeping original elements
+ * @see {@link mapEffect} for effectfully transforming every element
  *
  * @category filtering
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const filterMapEffect: {
   /**
-   * Effectfully filters and maps elements in a single pass.
+   * Filters and maps elements in one pass effectfully using a `FilterEffect`.
+   *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to apply effectful logic that can reject stream elements or emit
+   * transformed values before they continue downstream.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * `Result.succeed` values are emitted, `Result.fail` values are skipped, and
+   * effect failures fail the stream.
+   *
+   * @see {@link filterMap} for the synchronous `Filter` variant
+   * @see {@link filterEffect} for effectfully keeping original elements
+   * @see {@link mapEffect} for effectfully transforming every element
    *
    * @category filtering
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, B, X, EX, RX>(filter: Filter.FilterEffect<NoInfer<A>, B, X, EX, RX>): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<B, E | EX, R | RX>
   /**
-   * Effectfully filters and maps elements in a single pass.
+   * Filters and maps elements in one pass effectfully using a `FilterEffect`.
+   *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to apply effectful logic that can reject stream elements or emit
+   * transformed values before they continue downstream.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * `Result.succeed` values are emitted, `Result.fail` values are skipped, and
+   * effect failures fail the stream.
+   *
+   * @see {@link filterMap} for the synchronous `Filter` variant
+   * @see {@link filterEffect} for effectfully keeping original elements
+   * @see {@link mapEffect} for effectfully transforming every element
    *
    * @category filtering
    * @since 2.0.0
@@ -6738,12 +6953,21 @@ export const partitionQueue: {
  * Splits a stream with an effectful `Filter`, returning scoped streams for
  * filter successes and failures.
  *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use when each stream element must be classified by an effectful `Filter` and
+ * both passing and failing mapped values need to be consumed as streams.
+ *
  * **Details**
  *
  * The returned streams are backed by queues in the current scope and should be
  * consumed while that scope remains open. The first stream emits success values
  * from the filter, and the second emits failure values.
  *
+ * @see {@link partition} for the pure `Filter` variant, which returns the failing stream before the passing stream
+ * @see {@link partitionQueue} for the lower-level queue result
+ * @see {@link filterMapEffect} for effectful filtering that discards failed filter results
+ *
  * @category filtering
  * @since 4.0.0
  */
@@ -6752,12 +6976,21 @@ export const partitionEffect: {
    * Splits a stream with an effectful `Filter`, returning scoped streams for
    * filter successes and failures.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use when each stream element must be classified by an effectful `Filter` and
+   * both passing and failing mapped values need to be consumed as streams.
+   *
    * **Details**
    *
    * The returned streams are backed by queues in the current scope and should be
    * consumed while that scope remains open. The first stream emits success values
    * from the filter, and the second emits failure values.
    *
+   * @see {@link partition} for the pure `Filter` variant, which returns the failing stream before the passing stream
+   * @see {@link partitionQueue} for the lower-level queue result
+   * @see {@link filterMapEffect} for effectful filtering that discards failed filter results
+   *
    * @category filtering
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
@@ -6779,12 +7012,21 @@ export const partitionEffect: {
    * Splits a stream with an effectful `Filter`, returning scoped streams for
    * filter successes and failures.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use when each stream element must be classified by an effectful `Filter` and
+   * both passing and failing mapped values need to be consumed as streams.
+   *
    * **Details**
    *
    * The returned streams are backed by queues in the current scope and should be
    * consumed while that scope remains open. The first stream emits success values
    * from the filter, and the second emits failure values.
    *
+   * @see {@link partition} for the pure `Filter` variant, which returns the failing stream before the passing stream
+   * @see {@link partitionQueue} for the lower-level queue result
+   * @see {@link filterMapEffect} for effectful filtering that discards failed filter results
+   *
    * @category filtering
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
@@ -6825,12 +7067,21 @@ export const partitionEffect: {
        * Splits a stream with an effectful `Filter`, returning scoped streams for
        * filter successes and failures.
        *
+       * **When to use**
+       *
+       * Use when each stream element must be classified by an effectful `Filter` and
+       * both passing and failing mapped values need to be consumed as streams.
+       *
        * **Details**
        *
        * The returned streams are backed by queues in the current scope and should be
        * consumed while that scope remains open. The first stream emits success values
        * from the filter, and the second emits failure values.
        *
+       * @see {@link partition} for the pure `Filter` variant, which returns the failing stream before the passing stream
+       * @see {@link partitionQueue} for the lower-level queue result
+       * @see {@link filterMapEffect} for effectful filtering that discards failed filter results
+       *
        * @category filtering
        * @since 4.0.0
        */
@@ -6838,12 +7089,21 @@ export const partitionEffect: {
        * Splits a stream with an effectful `Filter`, returning scoped streams for
        * filter successes and failures.
        *
+       * **When to use**
+       *
+       * Use when each stream element must be classified by an effectful `Filter` and
+       * both passing and failing mapped values need to be consumed as streams.
+       *
        * **Details**
        *
        * The returned streams are backed by queues in the current scope and should be
        * consumed while that scope remains open. The first stream emits success values
        * from the filter, and the second emits failure values.
        *
+       * @see {@link partition} for the pure `Filter` variant, which returns the failing stream before the passing stream
+       * @see {@link partitionQueue} for the lower-level queue result
+       * @see {@link filterMapEffect} for effectful filtering that discards failed filter results
+       *
        * @category filtering
        * @since 4.0.0
        */
@@ -6851,12 +7111,21 @@ export const partitionEffect: {
        * Splits a stream with an effectful `Filter`, returning scoped streams for
        * filter successes and failures.
        *
+       * **When to use**
+       *
+       * Use when each stream element must be classified by an effectful `Filter` and
+       * both passing and failing mapped values need to be consumed as streams.
+       *
        * **Details**
        *
        * The returned streams are backed by queues in the current scope and should be
        * consumed while that scope remains open. The first stream emits success values
        * from the filter, and the second emits failure values.
        *
+       * @see {@link partition} for the pure `Filter` variant, which returns the failing stream before the passing stream
+       * @see {@link partitionQueue} for the lower-level queue result
+       * @see {@link filterMapEffect} for effectful filtering that discards failed filter results
+       *
        * @category filtering
        * @since 4.0.0
        */
@@ -6864,12 +7133,21 @@ export const partitionEffect: {
        * Splits a stream with an effectful `Filter`, returning scoped streams for
        * filter successes and failures.
        *
+       * **When to use**
+       *
+       * Use when each stream element must be classified by an effectful `Filter` and
+       * both passing and failing mapped values need to be consumed as streams.
+       *
        * **Details**
        *
        * The returned streams are backed by queues in the current scope and should be
        * consumed while that scope remains open. The first stream emits success values
        * from the filter, and the second emits failure values.
        *
+       * @see {@link partition} for the pure `Filter` variant, which returns the failing stream before the passing stream
+       * @see {@link partitionQueue} for the lower-level queue result
+       * @see {@link filterMapEffect} for effectful filtering that discards failed filter results
+       *
        * @category filtering
        * @since 4.0.0
        */
@@ -6877,12 +7155,21 @@ export const partitionEffect: {
        * Splits a stream with an effectful `Filter`, returning scoped streams for
        * filter successes and failures.
        *
+       * **When to use**
+       *
+       * Use when each stream element must be classified by an effectful `Filter` and
+       * both passing and failing mapped values need to be consumed as streams.
+       *
        * **Details**
        *
        * The returned streams are backed by queues in the current scope and should be
        * consumed while that scope remains open. The first stream emits success values
        * from the filter, and the second emits failure values.
        *
+       * @see {@link partition} for the pure `Filter` variant, which returns the failing stream before the passing stream
+       * @see {@link partitionQueue} for the lower-level queue result
+       * @see {@link filterMapEffect} for effectful filtering that discards failed filter results
+       *
        * @category filtering
        * @since 4.0.0
        */
@@ -7258,7 +7545,7 @@ export const peel: {
  * // Output: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
  * ```
  *
- * @category Rate Limiting
+ * @category rate limiting
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const buffer: {
@@ -7290,7 +7577,7 @@ export const buffer: {
    * // Output: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   (
@@ -7327,7 +7614,7 @@ export const buffer: {
    * // Output: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R>(
@@ -7372,7 +7659,7 @@ export const buffer: {
  * // Output: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
  * ```
  *
- * @category Rate Limiting
+ * @category rate limiting
  * @since 4.0.0
  */
 export const bufferArray: {
@@ -7403,7 +7690,7 @@ export const bufferArray: {
    * // Output: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
   (
@@ -7439,7 +7726,7 @@ export const bufferArray: {
    * // Output: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R>(
@@ -7704,7 +7991,7 @@ export {
 }
 
 /**
- * Effectfully peeks at errors without changing the stream unless the tap fails.
+ * Peeks at errors effectfully without changing the stream unless the tap fails.
  *
  * **Example** (Effectfully peeking at errors)
  *
@@ -7733,7 +8020,7 @@ export {
  */
 export const tapError: {
   /**
-   * Effectfully peeks at errors without changing the stream unless the tap fails.
+   * Peeks at errors effectfully without changing the stream unless the tap fails.
    *
    * **Example** (Effectfully peeking at errors)
    *
@@ -7762,7 +8049,7 @@ export const tapError: {
    */
   <E, A2, E2, R2>(f: (error: E) => Effect.Effect<A2, E2, R2>): <A, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A, E | E2, R2 | R>
   /**
-   * Effectfully peeks at errors without changing the stream unless the tap fails.
+   * Peeks at errors effectfully without changing the stream unless the tap fails.
    *
    * **Example** (Effectfully peeking at errors)
    *
@@ -7868,11 +8155,13 @@ export const catchIf: {
    * @category error handling
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
-  <E, EB extends E, A2, E2, R2, A3 = never, E3 = Exclude<E, EB>, R3 = never>(
+  <E, EB extends E, A2, E2, R2, A3 = unassigned, E3 = never, R3 = never>(
     refinement: Refinement<NoInfer<E>, EB>,
     f: (e: EB) => Stream<A2, E2, R2>,
     orElse?: ((e: Exclude<E, EB>) => Stream<A3, E3, R3>) | undefined
-  ): <A, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A2 | A | A3, E2 | E3, R2 | R | R3>
+  ): <A, R>(
+    self: Stream<A, E, R>
+  ) => Stream<A | A2 | Exclude<A3, unassigned>, E2 | E3 | (A3 extends unassigned ? Exclude<E, EB> : never), R | R2 | R3>
   /**
    * Recovers from errors that match a predicate by switching to a recovery stream.
    *
@@ -7907,11 +8196,13 @@ export const catchIf: {
    * @category error handling
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
-  <E, A2, E2, R2, A3 = never, E3 = E, R3 = never>(
+  <E, A2, E2, R2, A3 = unassigned, E3 = never, R3 = never>(
     predicate: Predicate<NoInfer<E>>,
     f: (e: NoInfer<E>) => Stream<A2, E2, R2>,
     orElse?: ((e: NoInfer<E>) => Stream<A3, E3, R3>) | undefined
-  ): <A, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A2 | A | A3, E2 | E3, R2 | R | R3>
+  ): <A, R>(
+    self: Stream<A, E, R>
+  ) => Stream<A | A2 | Exclude<A3, unassigned>, E2 | E3 | (A3 extends unassigned ? E : never), R | R2 | R3>
   /**
    * Recovers from errors that match a predicate by switching to a recovery stream.
    *
@@ -7946,12 +8237,12 @@ export const catchIf: {
    * @category error handling
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
-  <A, E, R, EB extends E, A2, E2, R2, A3 = never, E3 = Exclude<E, EB>, R3 = never>(
+  <A, E, R, EB extends E, A2, E2, R2, A3 = unassigned, E3 = never, R3 = never>(
     self: Stream<A, E, R>,
     refinement: Refinement<E, EB>,
     f: (e: EB) => Stream<A2, E2, R2>,
     orElse?: ((e: Exclude<E, EB>) => Stream<A3, E3, R3>) | undefined
-  ): Stream<A | A2 | A3, E2 | E3, R | R2 | R3>
+  ): Stream<A | A2 | Exclude<A3, unassigned>, E2 | E3 | (A3 extends unassigned ? Exclude<E, EB> : never), R | R2 | R3>
   /**
    * Recovers from errors that match a predicate by switching to a recovery stream.
    *
@@ -7986,12 +8277,12 @@ export const catchIf: {
    * @category error handling
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
-  <A, E, R, A2, E2, R2, A3 = never, E3 = E, R3 = never>(
+  <A, E, R, A2, E2, R2, A3 = unassigned, E3 = never, R3 = never>(
     self: Stream<A, E, R>,
     predicate: Predicate<E>,
     f: (e: E) => Stream<A2, E2, R2>,
     orElse?: ((e: E) => Stream<A3, E3, R3>) | undefined
-  ): Stream<A | A2 | A3, E2 | E3, R | R2 | R3>
+  ): Stream<A | A2 | Exclude<A3, unassigned>, E2 | E3 | (A3 extends unassigned ? E : never), R | R2 | R3>
 } = dual((args) => isStream(args[0]), <
   A,
   E,
@@ -8021,6 +8312,21 @@ export const catchIf: {
  * Recovers from errors that match a `Filter` by switching to a recovery
  * stream.
  *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to recover from stream errors with a reusable `Filter` when matching can
+ * also narrow or transform the error before choosing the recovery stream.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * Successful filter results are passed to `f`. Failed filter results go to
+ * `orElse` when provided; otherwise the filter failure is re-failed.
+ *
+ * @see {@link catchIf} for predicate or refinement based recovery
+ * @see {@link catchTag} for `_tag` based recovery from one tagged error
+ * @see {@link catchTags} for `_tag` based recovery from multiple tagged errors
+ * @see {@link catchCauseFilter} for filtering full causes
+ *
  * @category error handling
  * @since 4.0.0
  */
@@ -8029,27 +8335,59 @@ export const catchFilter: {
    * Recovers from errors that match a `Filter` by switching to a recovery
    * stream.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to recover from stream errors with a reusable `Filter` when matching can
+   * also narrow or transform the error before choosing the recovery stream.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * Successful filter results are passed to `f`. Failed filter results go to
+   * `orElse` when provided; otherwise the filter failure is re-failed.
+   *
+   * @see {@link catchIf} for predicate or refinement based recovery
+   * @see {@link catchTag} for `_tag` based recovery from one tagged error
+   * @see {@link catchTags} for `_tag` based recovery from multiple tagged errors
+   * @see {@link catchCauseFilter} for filtering full causes
+   *
    * @category error handling
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
-  <E, EB, A2, E2, R2, X, A3 = never, E3 = X, R3 = never>(
+  <E, EB, A2, E2, R2, X, A3 = unassigned, E3 = never, R3 = never>(
     filter: Filter.Filter<NoInfer<E>, EB, X>,
     f: (failure: EB) => Stream<A2, E2, R2>,
     orElse?: ((failure: X) => Stream<A3, E3, R3>) | undefined
-  ): <A, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A | A2 | A3, E2 | E3, R | R2 | R3>
+  ): <A, R>(
+    self: Stream<A, E, R>
+  ) => Stream<A | A2 | Exclude<A3, unassigned>, E2 | E3 | (A3 extends unassigned ? X : never), R | R2 | R3>
   /**
    * Recovers from errors that match a `Filter` by switching to a recovery
    * stream.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to recover from stream errors with a reusable `Filter` when matching can
+   * also narrow or transform the error before choosing the recovery stream.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * Successful filter results are passed to `f`. Failed filter results go to
+   * `orElse` when provided; otherwise the filter failure is re-failed.
+   *
+   * @see {@link catchIf} for predicate or refinement based recovery
+   * @see {@link catchTag} for `_tag` based recovery from one tagged error
+   * @see {@link catchTags} for `_tag` based recovery from multiple tagged errors
+   * @see {@link catchCauseFilter} for filtering full causes
+   *
    * @category error handling
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
-  <A, E, R, EB, A2, E2, R2, X, A3 = never, E3 = X, R3 = never>(
+  <A, E, R, EB, A2, E2, R2, X, A3 = unassigned, E3 = never, R3 = never>(
     self: Stream<A, E, R>,
     filter: Filter.Filter<NoInfer<E>, EB, X>,
     f: (failure: EB) => Stream<A2, E2, R2>,
     orElse?: ((failure: X) => Stream<A3, E3, R3>) | undefined
-  ): Stream<A | A2 | A3, E2 | E3, R | R2 | R3>
+  ): Stream<A | A2 | Exclude<A3, unassigned>, E2 | E3 | (A3 extends unassigned ? X : never), R | R2 | R3>
 } = dual((args) => isStream(args[0]), <
   A,
   E,
@@ -8083,7 +8421,7 @@ export const catchFilter: {
  *
  * **When to use**
  *
- * Use `catchTag` when your error type is a tagged union with a readonly `_tag`
+ * Use when your error type is a tagged union with a readonly `_tag`
  * field and you want to handle a specific error case.
  *
  * **Example** (Catching tagged failures)
@@ -8118,7 +8456,7 @@ export const catchTag: {
    *
    * **When to use**
    *
-   * Use `catchTag` when your error type is a tagged union with a readonly `_tag`
+   * Use when your error type is a tagged union with a readonly `_tag`
    * field and you want to handle a specific error case.
    *
    * **Example** (Catching tagged failures)
@@ -8152,8 +8490,8 @@ export const catchTag: {
     A1,
     E1,
     R1,
-    A2 = never,
-    E2 = ExcludeTag<E, K extends Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<string> ? K[number] : K>,
+    A2 = unassigned,
+    E2 = never,
     R2 = never
   >(
     k: K,
@@ -8165,14 +8503,20 @@ export const catchTag: {
       | undefined
   ): <A, R>(
     self: Stream<A, E, R>
-  ) => Stream<A1 | A | A2, E1 | E2, R1 | R | R2>
+  ) => Stream<
+    A | A1 | Exclude<A2, unassigned>,
+    | E1
+    | E2
+    | (A2 extends unassigned ? ExcludeTag<E, K extends Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<string> ? K[number] : K> : never),
+    R | R1 | R2
+  >
   /**
    * Recovers from failures whose `_tag` matches the provided value by switching to
    * the stream returned by `f`.
    *
    * **When to use**
    *
-   * Use `catchTag` when your error type is a tagged union with a readonly `_tag`
+   * Use when your error type is a tagged union with a readonly `_tag`
    * field and you want to handle a specific error case.
    *
    * **Example** (Catching tagged failures)
@@ -8208,8 +8552,8 @@ export const catchTag: {
     R1,
     E1,
     A1,
-    A2 = never,
-    E2 = ExcludeTag<E, K extends Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<string> ? K[number] : K>,
+    A2 = unassigned,
+    E2 = never,
     R2 = never
   >(
     self: Stream<A, E, R>,
@@ -8218,7 +8562,13 @@ export const catchTag: {
     orElse?:
       | ((e: ExcludeTag<E, K extends Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<string> ? K[number] : K>) => Stream<A2, E2, R2>)
       | undefined
-  ): Stream<A1 | A | A2, E1 | E2, R1 | R | R2>
+  ): Stream<
+    A | A1 | Exclude<A2, unassigned>,
+    | E1
+    | E2
+    | (A2 extends unassigned ? ExcludeTag<E, K extends Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<string> ? K[number] : K> : never),
+    R | R1 | R2
+  >
 } = dual(
   (args) => isStream(args[0]),
   <
@@ -8328,19 +8678,20 @@ export const catchTags: {
         [K in E["_tag"]]+?: (error: Extract<E, { _tag: K }>) => Stream<any, any, any>
       } :
       {}),
-    A2 = never,
-    E2 = Exclude<E, { _tag: keyof Cases }>,
+    A2 = unassigned,
+    E2 = never,
     R2 = never
   >(
     cases: Cases,
     orElse?: ((e: Exclude<E, { _tag: keyof Cases }>) => Stream<A2, E2, R2>) | undefined
   ): <A, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<
     | A
-    | A2
+    | Exclude<A2, unassigned>
     | {
       [K in keyof Cases]: Cases[K] extends ((...args: Array<any>) => Stream<infer A, any, any>) ? A : never
     }[keyof Cases],
     | E2
+    | (A2 extends unassigned ? Exclude<E, { _tag: keyof Cases }> : never)
     | {
       [K in keyof Cases]: Cases[K] extends ((...args: Array<any>) => Stream<any, infer E, any>) ? E : never
     }[keyof Cases],
@@ -8395,8 +8746,8 @@ export const catchTags: {
         [K in E["_tag"]]+?: (error: Extract<E, { _tag: K }>) => Stream<any, any, any>
       } :
       {}),
-    A2 = never,
-    E2 = Exclude<E, { _tag: keyof Cases }>,
+    A2 = unassigned,
+    E2 = never,
     R2 = never
   >(
     self: Stream<A, E, R>,
@@ -8404,11 +8755,12 @@ export const catchTags: {
     orElse?: ((e: Exclude<E, { _tag: keyof Cases }>) => Stream<A2, E2, R2>) | undefined
   ): Stream<
     | A
-    | A2
+    | Exclude<A2, unassigned>
     | {
       [K in keyof Cases]: Cases[K] extends ((...args: Array<any>) => Stream<infer A, any, any>) ? A : never
     }[keyof Cases],
     | E2
+    | (A2 extends unassigned ? Exclude<E, { _tag: keyof Cases }> : never)
     | {
       [K in keyof Cases]: Cases[K] extends ((...args: Array<any>) => Stream<any, infer E, any>) ? E : never
     }[keyof Cases],
@@ -8438,7 +8790,7 @@ export const catchTags: {
  *
  * **When to use**
  *
- * Use this to handle nested error causes without removing the parent error
+ * Use to handle nested error causes without removing the parent error
  * from the error channel. The handler receives the unwrapped reason.
  *
  * **Example** (Catching a tagged error reason)
@@ -8485,7 +8837,7 @@ export const catchReason: {
    *
    * **When to use**
    *
-   * Use this to handle nested error causes without removing the parent error
+   * Use to handle nested error causes without removing the parent error
    * from the error channel. The handler receives the unwrapped reason.
    *
    * **Example** (Catching a tagged error reason)
@@ -8551,13 +8903,17 @@ export const catchReason: {
       | undefined
   ): <A, R>(
     self: Stream<A, E, R>
-  ) => Stream<A | A2 | Exclude<A3, unassigned>, (A3 extends unassigned ? E : ExcludeTag<E, K>) | E2 | E3, R | R2 | R3>
+  ) => Stream<
+    A | A2 | Exclude<A3, unassigned>,
+    ExcludeTag<E, K> | E2 | E3 | (A3 extends unassigned ? ExtractTag<E, K> : never),
+    R | R2 | R3
+  >
   /**
    * Catches a specific reason within a tagged error.
    *
    * **When to use**
    *
-   * Use this to handle nested error causes without removing the parent error
+   * Use to handle nested error causes without removing the parent error
    * from the error channel. The handler receives the unwrapped reason.
    *
    * **Example** (Catching a tagged error reason)
@@ -8618,7 +8974,11 @@ export const catchReason: {
     orElse?:
       | ((reason: ExcludeReason<ExtractTag<E, K>, RK>, error: OmitReason<ExtractTag<E, K>, RK>) => Stream<A3, E3, R3>)
       | undefined
-  ): Stream<A | A2 | Exclude<A3, unassigned>, (A3 extends unassigned ? E : ExcludeTag<E, K>) | E2 | E3, R | R2 | R3>
+  ): Stream<
+    A | A2 | Exclude<A3, unassigned>,
+    ExcludeTag<E, K> | E2 | E3 | (A3 extends unassigned ? ExtractTag<E, K> : never),
+    R | R2 | R3
+  >
 } = dual(
   (args) => isStream(args[0]),
   <
@@ -8641,7 +9001,11 @@ export const catchReason: {
     orElse?:
       | ((reason: ExcludeReason<ExtractTag<E, K>, RK>, error: OmitReason<ExtractTag<E, K>, RK>) => Stream<A3, E3, R3>)
       | undefined
-  ): Stream<A | A2 | Exclude<A3, unassigned>, (A3 extends unassigned ? E : ExcludeTag<E, K>) | E2 | E3, R | R2 | R3> =>
+  ): Stream<
+    A | A2 | Exclude<A3, unassigned>,
+    ExcludeTag<E, K> | E2 | E3 | (A3 extends unassigned ? ExtractTag<E, K> : never),
+    R | R2 | R3
+  > =>
     fromChannel(
       Channel.catchReason(
         toChannel(self),
@@ -8765,8 +9129,9 @@ export const catchReasons: {
     | {
       [RK in keyof Cases]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Stream<infer A, any, any> ? A : never
     }[keyof Cases],
-    | (A2 extends unassigned ? E : ExcludeTag<E, K>)
+    | ExcludeTag<E, K>
     | E2
+    | (A2 extends unassigned ? ExtractTag<E, K> : never)
     | {
       [RK in keyof Cases]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Stream<any, infer E, any> ? E : never
     }[keyof Cases],
@@ -8848,8 +9213,9 @@ export const catchReasons: {
     | {
       [RK in keyof Cases]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Stream<infer A, any, any> ? A : never
     }[keyof Cases],
-    | (A2 extends unassigned ? E : ExcludeTag<E, K>)
+    | ExcludeTag<E, K>
     | E2
+    | (A2 extends unassigned ? ExtractTag<E, K> : never)
     | {
       [RK in keyof Cases]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Stream<any, infer E, any> ? E : never
     }[keyof Cases],
@@ -9072,6 +9438,22 @@ export const catchCauseIf: {
  * Recovers from stream failures by filtering the `Cause` and switching to a
  * recovery stream.
  *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use when you need to recover a stream only from causes selected by a
+ * `Filter`, and the recovery needs both the selected value and the original
+ * `Cause`.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * The filter is applied to the full `Cause`. A successful filter result is
+ * passed to `f` together with the original cause; a failed filter result
+ * re-fails with the residual cause.
+ *
+ * @see {@link catchCauseIf} for predicate-based cause selection
+ * @see {@link catchFilter} for filtering typed error values instead of full causes
+ * @see {@link catchCause} for recovering from every cause without filtering
+ *
  * @category error handling
  * @since 4.0.0
  */
@@ -9080,6 +9462,22 @@ export const catchCauseFilter: {
    * Recovers from stream failures by filtering the `Cause` and switching to a
    * recovery stream.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use when you need to recover a stream only from causes selected by a
+   * `Filter`, and the recovery needs both the selected value and the original
+   * `Cause`.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * The filter is applied to the full `Cause`. A successful filter result is
+   * passed to `f` together with the original cause; a failed filter result
+   * re-fails with the residual cause.
+   *
+   * @see {@link catchCauseIf} for predicate-based cause selection
+   * @see {@link catchFilter} for filtering typed error values instead of full causes
+   * @see {@link catchCause} for recovering from every cause without filtering
+   *
    * @category error handling
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
@@ -9093,6 +9491,22 @@ export const catchCauseFilter: {
    * Recovers from stream failures by filtering the `Cause` and switching to a
    * recovery stream.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use when you need to recover a stream only from causes selected by a
+   * `Filter`, and the recovery needs both the selected value and the original
+   * `Cause`.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * The filter is applied to the full `Cause`. A successful filter result is
+   * passed to `f` together with the original cause; a failed filter result
+   * re-fails with the residual cause.
+   *
+   * @see {@link catchCauseIf} for predicate-based cause selection
+   * @see {@link catchFilter} for filtering typed error values instead of full causes
+   * @see {@link catchCause} for recovering from every cause without filtering
+   *
    * @category error handling
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
@@ -9306,7 +9720,9 @@ export const orDie = <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>): Stream<A, never, R> => fr
  *
  * **When to use**
  *
- * Use the `log` option to emit the full {@link Cause} when the stream fails.
+ * Use when you want a failing stream to end gracefully rather than propagate
+ * the error. The `log` option controls whether the failure is logged before
+ * the stream terminates.
  *
  * **Example** (Ignoring stream failures)
  *
@@ -9342,6 +9758,8 @@ export const orDie = <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>): Stream<A, never, R> => fr
  * // []
  * ```
  *
+ * @see {@link ignoreCause} for a variant that also ignores defects, not just typed failures
+ *
  * @category error handling
  * @since 4.0.0
  */
@@ -9370,7 +9788,9 @@ export const ignore: <
  *
  * **When to use**
  *
- * Use the `log` option to emit the full {@link Cause} when the stream fails.
+ * Use when a stream may fail with defects and you want to silently suppress the
+ * entire failure cause — including both typed errors and defects — rather than
+ * propagate it downstream.
  *
  * **Example** (Ignoring stream failure causes)
  *
@@ -9389,6 +9809,8 @@ export const ignore: <
  * // [ 1, 2 ]
  * ```
  *
+ * @see {@link ignore} to ignore only typed failures without suppressing defects
+ *
  * @category error handling
  * @since 4.0.0
  */
@@ -9411,7 +9833,7 @@ export const ignoreCause: <
   )
 
 /**
- * When the stream fails, retry it according to the given schedule.
+ * Retries the stream according to the given schedule when it fails.
  *
  * **Details**
  *
@@ -9446,7 +9868,7 @@ export const ignoreCause: <
  */
 export const retry: {
   /**
-   * When the stream fails, retry it according to the given schedule.
+   * Retries the stream according to the given schedule when it fails.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
@@ -9487,7 +9909,7 @@ export const retry: {
       ) => Schedule.Schedule<X, NoInfer<E>, E2, R2>)
   ): <A, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A, E | E2, R2 | R>
   /**
-   * When the stream fails, retry it according to the given schedule.
+   * Retries the stream according to the given schedule when it fails.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
@@ -9541,7 +9963,7 @@ export const retry: {
 )
 
 /**
- * Apply an `ExecutionPlan` to a stream, retrying with step-provided resources
+ * Applies an `ExecutionPlan` to a stream, retrying with step-provided resources
  * until it succeeds or the plan is exhausted.
  *
  * **Details**
@@ -9585,7 +10007,7 @@ export const retry: {
  */
 export const withExecutionPlan: {
   /**
-   * Apply an `ExecutionPlan` to a stream, retrying with step-provided resources
+   * Applies an `ExecutionPlan` to a stream, retrying with step-provided resources
    * until it succeeds or the plan is exhausted.
    *
    * **Details**
@@ -9632,7 +10054,7 @@ export const withExecutionPlan: {
     options?: { readonly preventFallbackOnPartialStream?: boolean | undefined }
   ): <A, E extends Input, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A, E | PolicyE, R2 | Exclude<R, Provides>>
   /**
-   * Apply an `ExecutionPlan` to a stream, retrying with step-provided resources
+   * Applies an `ExecutionPlan` to a stream, retrying with step-provided resources
    * until it succeeds or the plan is exhausted.
    *
    * **Details**
@@ -9709,7 +10131,7 @@ export const withExecutionPlan: {
       })
     )
     let lastError = Option.none</**
-     * Apply an `ExecutionPlan` to a stream, retrying with step-provided resources
+     * Applies an `ExecutionPlan` to a stream, retrying with step-provided resources
      * until it succeeds or the plan is exhausted.
      *
      * **Details**
@@ -10109,7 +10531,7 @@ export const takeUntil: {
 )
 
 /**
- * Effectful predicate version of `takeUntil`.
+ * Takes stream elements until an effectful predicate returns `true`.
  *
  * **Example** (Taking until an effectful predicate matches)
  *
@@ -10133,7 +10555,7 @@ export const takeUntil: {
  */
 export const takeUntilEffect: {
   /**
-   * Effectful predicate version of `takeUntil`.
+   * Takes stream elements until an effectful predicate returns `true`.
    *
    * **Example** (Taking until an effectful predicate matches)
    *
@@ -10162,7 +10584,7 @@ export const takeUntilEffect: {
     }
   ): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A, E2 | E, R2 | R>
   /**
-   * Effectful predicate version of `takeUntil`.
+   * Takes stream elements until an effectful predicate returns `true`.
    *
    * **Example** (Taking until an effectful predicate matches)
    *
@@ -10373,10 +10795,19 @@ export const takeWhile: {
  * Takes the longest initial prefix accepted by a `Filter` and emits the
  * filter's success values.
  *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to keep the leading stream elements that a `Filter` accepts, emit the
+ * filter's success values, and stop at the first filter failure.
+ *
  * **Details**
  *
  * The stream stops at the first `Result.fail` returned by the filter.
  *
+ * @see {@link takeWhile} for keeping original elements with a boolean predicate or refinement
+ * @see {@link filterMap} for filtering across the whole stream instead of only the leading prefix
+ * @see {@link dropWhileFilter} for dropping the accepted prefix and keeping the remaining original elements
+ *
  * @category filtering
  * @since 4.0.0
  */
@@ -10385,10 +10816,19 @@ export const takeWhileFilter: {
    * Takes the longest initial prefix accepted by a `Filter` and emits the
    * filter's success values.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to keep the leading stream elements that a `Filter` accepts, emit the
+   * filter's success values, and stop at the first filter failure.
+   *
    * **Details**
    *
    * The stream stops at the first `Result.fail` returned by the filter.
    *
+   * @see {@link takeWhile} for keeping original elements with a boolean predicate or refinement
+   * @see {@link filterMap} for filtering across the whole stream instead of only the leading prefix
+   * @see {@link dropWhileFilter} for dropping the accepted prefix and keeping the remaining original elements
+   *
    * @category filtering
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
@@ -10397,10 +10837,19 @@ export const takeWhileFilter: {
    * Takes the longest initial prefix accepted by a `Filter` and emits the
    * filter's success values.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to keep the leading stream elements that a `Filter` accepts, emit the
+   * filter's success values, and stop at the first filter failure.
+   *
    * **Details**
    *
    * The stream stops at the first `Result.fail` returned by the filter.
    *
+   * @see {@link takeWhile} for keeping original elements with a boolean predicate or refinement
+   * @see {@link filterMap} for filtering across the whole stream instead of only the leading prefix
+   * @see {@link dropWhileFilter} for dropping the accepted prefix and keeping the remaining original elements
+   *
    * @category filtering
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
@@ -10881,6 +11330,21 @@ export const dropWhile: {
 /**
  * Drops elements while the filter succeeds.
  *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use when you need to remove a leading stream prefix based on a synchronous
+ * `Filter` result while preserving the remaining original stream elements.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * `Result.succeed` drops the current element. The first `Result.fail` stops
+ * dropping, emits that original element, and the rest of the source stream is
+ * emitted without further filtering.
+ *
+ * @see {@link dropWhile} for boolean predicate prefix dropping
+ * @see {@link takeWhileFilter} for keeping the accepted prefix as filter success values
+ * @see {@link dropWhileEffect} for effectful predicate prefix dropping
+ *
  * @category filtering
  * @since 4.0.0
  */
@@ -10888,6 +11352,21 @@ export const dropWhileFilter: {
   /**
    * Drops elements while the filter succeeds.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use when you need to remove a leading stream prefix based on a synchronous
+   * `Filter` result while preserving the remaining original stream elements.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * `Result.succeed` drops the current element. The first `Result.fail` stops
+   * dropping, emits that original element, and the rest of the source stream is
+   * emitted without further filtering.
+   *
+   * @see {@link dropWhile} for boolean predicate prefix dropping
+   * @see {@link takeWhileFilter} for keeping the accepted prefix as filter success values
+   * @see {@link dropWhileEffect} for effectful predicate prefix dropping
+   *
    * @category filtering
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
@@ -10895,6 +11374,21 @@ export const dropWhileFilter: {
   /**
    * Drops elements while the filter succeeds.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use when you need to remove a leading stream prefix based on a synchronous
+   * `Filter` result while preserving the remaining original stream elements.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * `Result.succeed` drops the current element. The first `Result.fail` stops
+   * dropping, emits that original element, and the rest of the source stream is
+   * emitted without further filtering.
+   *
+   * @see {@link dropWhile} for boolean predicate prefix dropping
+   * @see {@link takeWhileFilter} for keeping the accepted prefix as filter success values
+   * @see {@link dropWhileEffect} for effectful predicate prefix dropping
+   *
    * @category filtering
    * @since 4.0.0
    */
@@ -11166,7 +11660,7 @@ export const dropRight: {
  * // Output: [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ] ]
  * ```
  *
- * @category Grouping
+ * @category grouping
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const chunks = <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>): Stream<Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<A>, E, R> =>
@@ -11176,7 +11670,7 @@ export const chunks = <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>): Stream<Arr.NonEmptyReado
   )
 
 /**
- * Re-chunks the stream into arrays of the specified size, preserving element order.
+ * Groups the stream into arrays of the specified size, preserving element order.
  *
  * **Details**
  *
@@ -11200,12 +11694,12 @@ export const chunks = <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>): Stream<Arr.NonEmptyReado
  * // Output: [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ], [ 5 ] ]
  * ```
  *
- * @category Grouping
+ * @category grouping
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const rechunk: {
   /**
-   * Re-chunks the stream into arrays of the specified size, preserving element order.
+   * Groups the stream into arrays of the specified size, preserving element order.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
@@ -11229,12 +11723,12 @@ export const rechunk: {
    * // Output: [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ], [ 5 ] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   (size: number): <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A, E, R>
   /**
-   * Re-chunks the stream into arrays of the specified size, preserving element order.
+   * Groups the stream into arrays of the specified size, preserving element order.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
@@ -11258,7 +11752,7 @@ export const rechunk: {
    * // Output: [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ], [ 5 ] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>, size: number): Stream<A, E, R>
@@ -11267,7 +11761,7 @@ export const rechunk: {
   return transformPull(self, (pull, _scope) =>
     Effect.sync(() => {
       let chunk = Arr.empty</**
-       * Re-chunks the stream into arrays of the specified size, preserving element order.
+       * Groups the stream into arrays of the specified size, preserving element order.
        *
        * **Details**
        *
@@ -11291,7 +11785,7 @@ export const rechunk: {
        * // Output: [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3, 4 ], [ 5 ] ]
        * ```
        *
-       * @category Grouping
+       * @category grouping
        * @since 2.0.0
        */
       A>() as Arr.NonEmptyArray<A>
@@ -11355,7 +11849,7 @@ export const rechunk: {
  * // Output: [ [1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4], [4, 5] ]
  * ```
  *
- * @category Grouping
+ * @category grouping
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const sliding: {
@@ -11378,7 +11872,7 @@ export const sliding: {
    * // Output: [ [1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4], [4, 5] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   (chunkSize: number): <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<A>, E, R>
@@ -11401,7 +11895,7 @@ export const sliding: {
    * // Output: [ [1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4], [4, 5] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>, chunkSize: number): Stream<Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<A>, E, R>
@@ -11431,7 +11925,7 @@ export const sliding: {
  * // Output: [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 3, 4, 5 ] ]
  * ```
  *
- * @category Grouping
+ * @category grouping
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const slidingSize: {
@@ -11455,7 +11949,7 @@ export const slidingSize: {
    * // Output: [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 3, 4, 5 ] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   (chunkSize: number, stepSize: number): <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<A>, E, R>
@@ -11479,7 +11973,7 @@ export const slidingSize: {
    * // Output: [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 3, 4, 5 ] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>, chunkSize: number, stepSize: number): Stream<Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<A>, E, R>
@@ -11509,7 +12003,7 @@ export const slidingSize: {
          * // Output: [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 3, 4, 5 ] ]
          * ```
          *
-         * @category Grouping
+         * @category grouping
          * @since 2.0.0
          */
         A>()
@@ -11573,7 +12067,7 @@ export const slidingSize: {
  * // Output: [ [1, 2, 3], [5, 6, 7], [9] ]
  * ```
  *
- * @category Grouping
+ * @category grouping
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const split: {
@@ -11601,7 +12095,7 @@ export const split: {
    * // Output: [ [1, 2, 3], [5, 6, 7], [9] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, B extends A>(refinement: Refinement<NoInfer<A>, B>): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<Exclude<A, B>>, E, R>
@@ -11629,7 +12123,7 @@ export const split: {
    * // Output: [ [1, 2, 3], [5, 6, 7], [9] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A>(predicate: Predicate<NoInfer<A>>): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<A>, E, R>
@@ -11657,7 +12151,7 @@ export const split: {
    * // Output: [ [1, 2, 3], [5, 6, 7], [9] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R, B extends A>(self: Stream<A, E, R>, refinement: Refinement<A, B>): Stream<Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<Exclude<A, B>>, E, R>
@@ -11685,7 +12179,7 @@ export const split: {
    * // Output: [ [1, 2, 3], [5, 6, 7], [9] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>, predicate: Predicate<A>): Stream<Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<A>, E, R>
@@ -11718,7 +12212,7 @@ export const split: {
      * // Output: [ [1, 2, 3], [5, 6, 7], [9] ]
      * ```
      *
-     * @category Grouping
+     * @category grouping
      * @since 2.0.0
      */
     Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<A>>()
@@ -11888,11 +12382,18 @@ export const combine: {
   ))
 
 /**
- * Combines the arrays (chunks) from this stream and the specified stream by
- * repeatedly applying the function `f` to extract an array using both sides and
- * conceptually "offer" it to the destination stream. `f` can maintain some
- * internal state to control the combining process, with the initial state
- * being specified by `s`.
+ * Combines two streams chunk-by-chunk with a stateful pull function.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to coordinate pulling chunks from two streams when each emitted chunk
+ * depends on both sides and local state.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * The combining function receives the current state and pull functions for the
+ * left and right streams. It returns the next non-empty chunk together with the
+ * next state.
  *
  * **Example** (Combining stream chunks with state)
  *
@@ -11925,11 +12426,18 @@ export const combine: {
  */
 export const combineArray: {
   /**
-   * Combines the arrays (chunks) from this stream and the specified stream by
-   * repeatedly applying the function `f` to extract an array using both sides and
-   * conceptually "offer" it to the destination stream. `f` can maintain some
-   * internal state to control the combining process, with the initial state
-   * being specified by `s`.
+   * Combines two streams chunk-by-chunk with a stateful pull function.
+   *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to coordinate pulling chunks from two streams when each emitted chunk
+   * depends on both sides and local state.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * The combining function receives the current state and pull functions for the
+   * left and right streams. It returns the next non-empty chunk together with the
+   * next state.
    *
    * **Example** (Combining stream chunks with state)
    *
@@ -11970,11 +12478,18 @@ export const combineArray: {
     ) => Effect.Effect<readonly [Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<A3>, S], E3, R3>
   ): <R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A3, Pull.ExcludeDone<E3>, R2 | R3 | R>
   /**
-   * Combines the arrays (chunks) from this stream and the specified stream by
-   * repeatedly applying the function `f` to extract an array using both sides and
-   * conceptually "offer" it to the destination stream. `f` can maintain some
-   * internal state to control the combining process, with the initial state
-   * being specified by `s`.
+   * Combines two streams chunk-by-chunk with a stateful pull function.
+   *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to coordinate pulling chunks from two streams when each emitted chunk
+   * depends on both sides and local state.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * The combining function receives the current state and pull functions for the
+   * left and right streams. It returns the next non-empty chunk together with the
+   * next state.
    *
    * **Example** (Combining stream chunks with state)
    *
@@ -12033,7 +12548,7 @@ export const combineArray: {
   )))
 
 /**
- * Statefully maps elements, emitting zero or more outputs per input.
+ * Maps elements statefully, emitting zero or more outputs per input.
  *
  * **Example** (Statefully mapping stream values)
  *
@@ -12061,7 +12576,7 @@ export const combineArray: {
  */
 export const mapAccum: {
   /**
-   * Statefully maps elements, emitting zero or more outputs per input.
+   * Maps elements statefully, emitting zero or more outputs per input.
    *
    * **Example** (Statefully mapping stream values)
    *
@@ -12095,7 +12610,7 @@ export const mapAccum: {
     }
   ): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<B, E, R>
   /**
-   * Statefully maps elements, emitting zero or more outputs per input.
+   * Maps elements statefully, emitting zero or more outputs per input.
    *
    * **Example** (Statefully mapping stream values)
    *
@@ -12142,7 +12657,7 @@ export const mapAccum: {
     initial,
     (state, arr) => {
       const acc = Arr.empty</**
-       * Statefully maps elements, emitting zero or more outputs per input.
+       * Maps elements statefully, emitting zero or more outputs per input.
        *
        * **Example** (Statefully mapping stream values)
        *
@@ -12187,7 +12702,7 @@ export const mapAccum: {
   )))
 
 /**
- * Statefully maps over non-empty chunk arrays, emitting zero or more values per chunk.
+ * Maps over non-empty chunk arrays statefully, emitting zero or more values per chunk.
  *
  * **Details**
  *
@@ -12219,7 +12734,7 @@ export const mapAccum: {
  */
 export const mapAccumArray: {
   /**
-   * Statefully maps over non-empty chunk arrays, emitting zero or more values per chunk.
+   * Maps over non-empty chunk arrays statefully, emitting zero or more values per chunk.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
@@ -12257,7 +12772,7 @@ export const mapAccumArray: {
     }
   ): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<B, E, R>
   /**
-   * Statefully maps over non-empty chunk arrays, emitting zero or more values per chunk.
+   * Maps over non-empty chunk arrays statefully, emitting zero or more values per chunk.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
@@ -12324,7 +12839,7 @@ export const mapAccumArray: {
 const emptyArr = Arr.empty<never>()
 
 /**
- * Statefully and effectfully maps each element, emitting zero or more output
+ * Maps each element statefully and effectfully, emitting zero or more output
  * values per input.
  *
  * **Details**
@@ -12358,7 +12873,7 @@ const emptyArr = Arr.empty<never>()
  */
 export const mapAccumEffect: {
   /**
-   * Statefully and effectfully maps each element, emitting zero or more output
+   * Maps each element statefully and effectfully, emitting zero or more output
    * values per input.
    *
    * **Details**
@@ -12398,7 +12913,7 @@ export const mapAccumEffect: {
     }
   ): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<B, E | E2, R | R2>
   /**
-   * Statefully and effectfully maps each element, emitting zero or more output
+   * Maps each element statefully and effectfully, emitting zero or more output
    * values per input.
    *
    * **Details**
@@ -12456,7 +12971,7 @@ export const mapAccumEffect: {
           ([state, values]) => [
             state,
             Arr.isReadonlyArrayNonEmpty(values) ? Arr.of(values) : Arr.empty</**
-             * Statefully and effectfully maps each element, emitting zero or more output
+             * Maps each element statefully and effectfully, emitting zero or more output
              * values per input.
              *
              * **Details**
@@ -12504,7 +13019,7 @@ export const mapAccumEffect: {
   ))
 
 /**
- * Statefully and effectfully maps each non-empty input chunk, emitting zero or
+ * Maps each non-empty input chunk statefully and effectfully, emitting zero or
  * more output values per chunk.
  *
  * **Details**
@@ -12540,7 +13055,7 @@ export const mapAccumEffect: {
  */
 export const mapAccumArrayEffect: {
   /**
-   * Statefully and effectfully maps each non-empty input chunk, emitting zero or
+   * Maps each non-empty input chunk statefully and effectfully, emitting zero or
    * more output values per chunk.
    *
    * **Details**
@@ -12582,7 +13097,7 @@ export const mapAccumArrayEffect: {
     }
   ): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<B, E | E2, R | R2>
   /**
-   * Statefully and effectfully maps each non-empty input chunk, emitting zero or
+   * Maps each non-empty input chunk statefully and effectfully, emitting zero or
    * more output values per chunk.
    *
    * **Details**
@@ -12772,7 +13287,7 @@ export const scan: {
   }))
 
 /**
- * Effectfully accumulates state and emits the initial state plus each accumulated state.
+ * Accumulates state effectfully and emits the initial state plus each accumulated state.
  *
  * **Example** (Effectfully scanning stream state)
  *
@@ -12794,7 +13309,7 @@ export const scan: {
  */
 export const scanEffect: {
   /**
-   * Effectfully accumulates state and emits the initial state plus each accumulated state.
+   * Accumulates state effectfully and emits the initial state plus each accumulated state.
    *
    * **Example** (Effectfully scanning stream state)
    *
@@ -12816,7 +13331,7 @@ export const scanEffect: {
    */
   <S, A, E2, R2>(initial: S, f: (s: S, a: A) => Effect.Effect<S, E2, R2>): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<S, E | E2, R | R2>
   /**
-   * Effectfully accumulates state and emits the initial state plus each accumulated state.
+   * Accumulates state effectfully and emits the initial state plus each accumulated state.
    *
    * **Example** (Effectfully scanning stream state)
    *
@@ -12874,7 +13389,7 @@ export const scanEffect: {
  * })
  * ```
  *
- * @category Rate Limiting
+ * @category rate limiting
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const debounce: {
@@ -12899,7 +13414,7 @@ export const debounce: {
    * })
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   (duration: Duration.Input): <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A, E, R>
@@ -12924,7 +13439,7 @@ export const debounce: {
    * })
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>, duration: Duration.Input): Stream<A, E, R>
@@ -12999,13 +13514,17 @@ export const debounce: {
 )
 
 /**
- * Delays the arrays of this stream according to the given bandwidth
- * parameters using the token bucket algorithm. Allows for burst processing by
- * allowing the bucket to accumulate tokens up to a `units + burst` threshold.
- * The weight of each array is determined by the effectful `cost` function.
+ * Rate-limits stream chunks with an effectful cost function.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to throttle chunks when computing each chunk's cost requires an effect.
  *
  * **Details**
  *
+ * Uses a token bucket. The bucket can accumulate up to `units + burst` tokens,
+ * and each chunk consumes the cost returned by the effectful `cost` function.
+ *
  * If using the "enforce" strategy, arrays that do not meet the bandwidth
  * constraints are dropped. If using the "shape" strategy, arrays are delayed
  * until they can be emitted without exceeding the bandwidth constraints.
@@ -13034,18 +13553,22 @@ export const debounce: {
  * // Output: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  * ```
  *
- * @category Rate Limiting
+ * @category rate limiting
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const throttleEffect: {
   /**
-   * Delays the arrays of this stream according to the given bandwidth
-   * parameters using the token bucket algorithm. Allows for burst processing by
-   * allowing the bucket to accumulate tokens up to a `units + burst` threshold.
-   * The weight of each array is determined by the effectful `cost` function.
+   * Rate-limits stream chunks with an effectful cost function.
+   *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to throttle chunks when computing each chunk's cost requires an effect.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
+   * Uses a token bucket. The bucket can accumulate up to `units + burst` tokens,
+   * and each chunk consumes the cost returned by the effectful `cost` function.
+   *
    * If using the "enforce" strategy, arrays that do not meet the bandwidth
    * constraints are dropped. If using the "shape" strategy, arrays are delayed
    * until they can be emitted without exceeding the bandwidth constraints.
@@ -13074,7 +13597,7 @@ export const throttleEffect: {
    * // Output: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E2, R2>(
@@ -13087,13 +13610,17 @@ export const throttleEffect: {
     }
   ): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A, E2 | E, R2 | R>
   /**
-   * Delays the arrays of this stream according to the given bandwidth
-   * parameters using the token bucket algorithm. Allows for burst processing by
-   * allowing the bucket to accumulate tokens up to a `units + burst` threshold.
-   * The weight of each array is determined by the effectful `cost` function.
+   * Rate-limits stream chunks with an effectful cost function.
+   *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to throttle chunks when computing each chunk's cost requires an effect.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
+   * Uses a token bucket. The bucket can accumulate up to `units + burst` tokens,
+   * and each chunk consumes the cost returned by the effectful `cost` function.
+   *
    * If using the "enforce" strategy, arrays that do not meet the bandwidth
    * constraints are dropped. If using the "shape" strategy, arrays are delayed
    * until they can be emitted without exceeding the bandwidth constraints.
@@ -13122,7 +13649,7 @@ export const throttleEffect: {
    * // Output: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R, E2, R2>(
@@ -13239,12 +13766,17 @@ const throttleShapeEffect = <A, E, R, E2, R2>(
     }))
 
 /**
- * Delays the arrays of this stream using a token bucket and a per-array cost.
- * Allows bursts by letting the bucket accumulate up to a `units + burst`
- * threshold. The weight of each array is determined by the `cost` function.
+ * Rate-limits stream chunks with a synchronous cost function.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to throttle chunks when each chunk's cost can be computed synchronously.
  *
  * **Details**
  *
+ * Uses a token bucket. The bucket can accumulate up to `units + burst` tokens,
+ * and each chunk consumes the cost returned by `cost`.
+ *
  * If using the "enforce" strategy, arrays that do not meet the bandwidth
  * constraints are dropped. If using the "shape" strategy, arrays are delayed
  * until they can be emitted without exceeding the bandwidth constraints.
@@ -13273,17 +13805,22 @@ const throttleShapeEffect = <A, E, R, E2, R2>(
  * })
  * ```
  *
- * @category Rate Limiting
+ * @category rate limiting
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const throttle: {
   /**
-   * Delays the arrays of this stream using a token bucket and a per-array cost.
-   * Allows bursts by letting the bucket accumulate up to a `units + burst`
-   * threshold. The weight of each array is determined by the `cost` function.
+   * Rate-limits stream chunks with a synchronous cost function.
+   *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to throttle chunks when each chunk's cost can be computed synchronously.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
+   * Uses a token bucket. The bucket can accumulate up to `units + burst` tokens,
+   * and each chunk consumes the cost returned by `cost`.
+   *
    * If using the "enforce" strategy, arrays that do not meet the bandwidth
    * constraints are dropped. If using the "shape" strategy, arrays are delayed
    * until they can be emitted without exceeding the bandwidth constraints.
@@ -13312,7 +13849,7 @@ export const throttle: {
    * })
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A>(
@@ -13325,12 +13862,17 @@ export const throttle: {
     }
   ): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A, E, R>
   /**
-   * Delays the arrays of this stream using a token bucket and a per-array cost.
-   * Allows bursts by letting the bucket accumulate up to a `units + burst`
-   * threshold. The weight of each array is determined by the `cost` function.
+   * Rate-limits stream chunks with a synchronous cost function.
+   *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to throttle chunks when each chunk's cost can be computed synchronously.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
+   * Uses a token bucket. The bucket can accumulate up to `units + burst` tokens,
+   * and each chunk consumes the cost returned by `cost`.
+   *
    * If using the "enforce" strategy, arrays that do not meet the bandwidth
    * constraints are dropped. If using the "shape" strategy, arrays are delayed
    * until they can be emitted without exceeding the bandwidth constraints.
@@ -13359,7 +13901,7 @@ export const throttle: {
    * })
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Rate Limiting
+   * @category rate limiting
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R>(
@@ -13414,7 +13956,7 @@ export const throttle: {
  * // Output: [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8 ] ]
  * ```
  *
- * @category Grouping
+ * @category grouping
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const grouped: {
@@ -13442,7 +13984,7 @@ export const grouped: {
    * // Output: [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8 ] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   (n: number): <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<A>, E, R>
@@ -13470,7 +14012,7 @@ export const grouped: {
    * // Output: [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ], [ 7, 8 ] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>, n: number): Stream<Arr.NonEmptyReadonlyArray<A>, E, R>
@@ -13500,7 +14042,7 @@ export const grouped: {
  * // Output: [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3 ] ]
  * ```
  *
- * @category Grouping
+ * @category grouping
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const groupedWithin: {
@@ -13525,7 +14067,7 @@ export const groupedWithin: {
    * // Output: [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3 ] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   (chunkSize: number, duration: Duration.Input): <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<Array<A>, E, R>
@@ -13550,7 +14092,7 @@ export const groupedWithin: {
    * // Output: [ [ 1, 2 ], [ 3 ] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>, chunkSize: number, duration: Duration.Input): Stream<Array<A>, E, R>
@@ -13594,7 +14136,7 @@ export const groupedWithin: {
  * // Output: [ [ "odd", [ 1, 3, 5 ] ], [ "even", [ 2, 4 ] ] ]
  * ```
  *
- * @category Grouping
+ * @category grouping
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const groupBy: {
@@ -13627,7 +14169,7 @@ export const groupBy: {
    * // Output: [ [ "odd", [ 1, 3, 5 ] ], [ "even", [ 2, 4 ] ] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, K, V, E2, R2>(
@@ -13666,7 +14208,7 @@ export const groupBy: {
    * // Output: [ [ "odd", [ 1, 3, 5 ] ], [ "even", [ 2, 4 ] ] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R, K, V, E2, R2>(
@@ -13728,7 +14270,7 @@ export const groupBy: {
  * // Output: [ [ "odd", [ 1, 3, 5 ] ], [ "even", [ 2, 4 ] ] ]
  * ```
  *
- * @category Grouping
+ * @category grouping
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const groupByKey: {
@@ -13759,7 +14301,7 @@ export const groupByKey: {
    * // Output: [ [ "odd", [ 1, 3, 5 ] ], [ "even", [ 2, 4 ] ] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, K>(
@@ -13796,7 +14338,7 @@ export const groupByKey: {
    * // Output: [ [ "odd", [ 1, 3, 5 ] ], [ "even", [ 2, 4 ] ] ]
    * ```
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R, K>(
@@ -13843,7 +14385,7 @@ export const groupByKey: {
      * // Output: [ [ "odd", [ 1, 3, 5 ] ], [ "even", [ 2, 4 ] ] ]
      * ```
      *
-     * @category Grouping
+     * @category grouping
      * @since 2.0.0
      */
     K, /**
@@ -13873,7 +14415,7 @@ export const groupByKey: {
      * // Output: [ [ "odd", [ 1, 3, 5 ] ], [ "even", [ 2, 4 ] ] ]
      * ```
      *
-     * @category Grouping
+     * @category grouping
      * @since 2.0.0
      */
     Arr.NonEmptyArray<A>>()
@@ -13955,39 +14497,66 @@ const groupByImpl = <A, E, R, K, V, E2, R2>(
 /**
  * Groups consecutive elements that have equal keys into non-empty arrays.
  *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use when a stream is already ordered by the grouping key and you want to emit
+ * each consecutive run as a non-empty array while keeping later non-adjacent
+ * runs separate.
+ *
  * **Details**
  *
  * The key is computed with `f`; adjacent elements whose keys are equal by
  * `Equal.equals` are emitted as one `[key, group]`. Later non-adjacent runs
  * with the same key are emitted separately.
  *
- * @category Grouping
+ * @see {@link groupByKey} for grouping all elements with the same key across the stream
+ * @see {@link groupBy} for custom grouped stream construction
+ *
+ * @category grouping
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 export const groupAdjacentBy: {
   /**
    * Groups consecutive elements that have equal keys into non-empty arrays.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use when a stream is already ordered by the grouping key and you want to emit
+   * each consecutive run as a non-empty array while keeping later non-adjacent
+   * runs separate.
+   *
    * **Details**
    *
    * The key is computed with `f`; adjacent elements whose keys are equal by
    * `Equal.equals` are emitted as one `[key, group]`. Later non-adjacent runs
    * with the same key are emitted separately.
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @see {@link groupByKey} for grouping all elements with the same key across the stream
+   * @see {@link groupBy} for custom grouped stream construction
+   *
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, K>(f: (a: NoInfer<A>) => K): <E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<readonly [K, Arr.NonEmptyArray<A>], E, R>
   /**
    * Groups consecutive elements that have equal keys into non-empty arrays.
    *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use when a stream is already ordered by the grouping key and you want to emit
+   * each consecutive run as a non-empty array while keeping later non-adjacent
+   * runs separate.
+   *
    * **Details**
    *
    * The key is computed with `f`; adjacent elements whose keys are equal by
    * `Equal.equals` are emitted as one `[key, group]`. Later non-adjacent runs
    * with the same key are emitted separately.
    *
-   * @category Grouping
+   * @see {@link groupByKey} for grouping all elements with the same key across the stream
+   * @see {@link groupBy} for custom grouped stream construction
+   *
+   * @category grouping
    * @since 2.0.0
    */
   <A, E, R, K>(self: Stream<A, E, R>, f: (a: NoInfer<A>) => K): Stream<readonly [K, Arr.NonEmptyArray<A>], E, R>
@@ -14002,13 +14571,22 @@ export const groupAdjacentBy: {
       let toEmit = Arr.empty</**
        * Groups consecutive elements that have equal keys into non-empty arrays.
        *
+       * **When to use**
+       *
+       * Use when a stream is already ordered by the grouping key and you want to emit
+       * each consecutive run as a non-empty array while keeping later non-adjacent
+       * runs separate.
+       *
        * **Details**
        *
        * The key is computed with `f`; adjacent elements whose keys are equal by
        * `Equal.equals` are emitted as one `[key, group]`. Later non-adjacent runs
        * with the same key are emitted separately.
        *
-       * @category Grouping
+       * @see {@link groupByKey} for grouping all elements with the same key across the stream
+       * @see {@link groupBy} for custom grouped stream construction
+       *
+       * @category grouping
        * @since 2.0.0
        */
       readonly [K, Arr.NonEmptyArray<A>]>()
@@ -14520,7 +15098,7 @@ export const aggregateWithin: {
   }))))
 
 /**
- * Fan out the stream, producing a fixed-size tuple of streams that each emit
+ * Creates a fixed-size tuple of streams that each emit
  * the same elements as the source stream.
  *
  * **Details**
@@ -14560,7 +15138,7 @@ export const aggregateWithin: {
  */
 export const broadcastN: {
   /**
-   * Fan out the stream, producing a fixed-size tuple of streams that each emit
+   * Creates a fixed-size tuple of streams that each emit
    * the same elements as the source stream.
    *
    * **Details**
@@ -14611,7 +15189,7 @@ export const broadcastN: {
     }
   ): <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Effect.Effect<TupleOf<N, Stream<A, E>>, never, Scope.Scope | R>
   /**
-   * Fan out the stream, producing a fixed-size tuple of streams that each emit
+   * Creates a fixed-size tuple of streams that each emit
    * the same elements as the source stream.
    *
    * **Details**
@@ -14678,7 +15256,7 @@ export const broadcastN: {
     }
   ) {
     const pubsub = yield* makePubSub</**
-     * Fan out the stream, producing a fixed-size tuple of streams that each emit
+     * Creates a fixed-size tuple of streams that each emit
      * the same elements as the source stream.
      *
      * **Details**
@@ -15871,7 +16449,7 @@ export const intersperse: {
   }))
 
 /**
- * Intersperse stream elements with a middle value, adding a start and end value.
+ * Adds a start value, middle value, and end value around stream elements.
  *
  * **Details**
  *
@@ -15900,7 +16478,7 @@ export const intersperse: {
  */
 export const intersperseAffixes: {
   /**
-   * Intersperse stream elements with a middle value, adding a start and end value.
+   * Adds a start value, middle value, and end value around stream elements.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
@@ -15929,7 +16507,7 @@ export const intersperseAffixes: {
    */
   <A2, A3, A4>(options: { readonly start: A2; readonly middle: A3; readonly end: A4 }): <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A2 | A3 | A4 | A, E, R>
   /**
-   * Intersperse stream elements with a middle value, adding a start and end value.
+   * Adds a start value, middle value, and end value around stream elements.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
@@ -16399,7 +16977,21 @@ export const interruptWhen: {
 )
 
 /**
- * Halts evaluation after the current element once the provided effect completes; the effect is forked, its success is discarded, failures fail the stream, and it does not interrupt an in-progress pull (use `interruptWhen` for that).
+ * Stops a stream after the current element when an effect completes.
+ *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to stop before the next pull after an external signal completes.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * The effect is forked, its success value is discarded, and its failure fails
+ * the stream.
+ *
+ * **Gotchas**
+ *
+ * This does not interrupt an in-progress pull. Use {@link interruptWhen} when
+ * the stream should be interrupted immediately.
  *
  * **Example** (Halting a stream after an effect completes)
  *
@@ -16426,7 +17018,21 @@ export const interruptWhen: {
  */
 export const haltWhen: {
   /**
-   * Halts evaluation after the current element once the provided effect completes; the effect is forked, its success is discarded, failures fail the stream, and it does not interrupt an in-progress pull (use `interruptWhen` for that).
+   * Stops a stream after the current element when an effect completes.
+   *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to stop before the next pull after an external signal completes.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * The effect is forked, its success value is discarded, and its failure fails
+   * the stream.
+   *
+   * **Gotchas**
+   *
+   * This does not interrupt an in-progress pull. Use {@link interruptWhen} when
+   * the stream should be interrupted immediately.
    *
    * **Example** (Halting a stream after an effect completes)
    *
@@ -16453,7 +17059,21 @@ export const haltWhen: {
    */
   <X, E2, R2>(effect: Effect.Effect<X, E2, R2>): <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Stream<A, E2 | E, R2 | R>
   /**
-   * Halts evaluation after the current element once the provided effect completes; the effect is forked, its success is discarded, failures fail the stream, and it does not interrupt an in-progress pull (use `interruptWhen` for that).
+   * Stops a stream after the current element when an effect completes.
+   *
+   * **When to use**
+   *
+   * Use to stop before the next pull after an external signal completes.
+   *
+   * **Details**
+   *
+   * The effect is forked, its success value is discarded, and its failure fails
+   * the stream.
+   *
+   * **Gotchas**
+   *
+   * This does not interrupt an in-progress pull. Use {@link interruptWhen} when
+   * the stream should be interrupted immediately.
    *
    * **Example** (Halting a stream after an effect completes)
    *
@@ -18516,6 +19136,24 @@ export const runHead = <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>): Effect.Effect<Option.Op
 /**
  * Runs the stream and returns the last element as an `Option`.
  *
+ * **When to use**
+ *
+ * Use to consume a finite stream when only the final emitted element matters.
+ *
+ * **Details**
+ *
+ * `Option.some` contains the last emitted element. `Option.none` means the
+ * stream completed without emitting.
+ *
+ * **Gotchas**
+ *
+ * The returned effect waits for the stream to complete before it can produce a
+ * value.
+ *
+ * @see {@link runHead} for consuming only the first emitted element
+ * @see {@link runCollect} for collecting every emitted element
+ * @see {@link runDrain} for consuming the stream while discarding emitted elements
+ *
  * @category destructors
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
@@ -19555,7 +20193,7 @@ export const runIntoPubSub: {
 ): Effect.Effect<void, E, R> => Channel.runIntoPubSubArray(self.channel, pubsub, options))
 
 /**
- * Converts a stream to a PubSub for concurrent consumption.
+ * Converts a stream to a PubSub of emitted values for concurrent consumption.
  *
  * **Details**
  *
@@ -19583,7 +20221,7 @@ export const runIntoPubSub: {
  */
 export const toPubSub: {
   /**
-   * Converts a stream to a PubSub for concurrent consumption.
+   * Converts a stream to a PubSub of emitted values for concurrent consumption.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
@@ -19622,7 +20260,7 @@ export const toPubSub: {
     }
   ): <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Effect.Effect<PubSub.PubSub<A>, never, R | Scope.Scope>
   /**
-   * Converts a stream to a PubSub for concurrent consumption.
+   * Converts a stream to a PubSub of emitted values for concurrent consumption.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
@@ -19679,7 +20317,7 @@ export const toPubSub: {
 )
 
 /**
- * Converts a stream to a PubSub for concurrent consumption.
+ * Converts a stream to a PubSub of `Take` values for concurrent consumption.
  *
  * **Details**
  *
@@ -19708,7 +20346,7 @@ export const toPubSub: {
  */
 export const toPubSubTake: {
   /**
-   * Converts a stream to a PubSub for concurrent consumption.
+   * Converts a stream to a PubSub of `Take` values for concurrent consumption.
    *
    * **Details**
    *
@@ -19746,7 +20384,7 @@ export const toPubSubTake: {
     }
   ): <A, E, R>(self: Stream<A, E, R>) => Effect.Effect<PubSub.PubSub<Take.Take<A, E>>, never, R | Scope.Scope>
   /**
-   * Converts a stream to a PubSub for concurrent consumption.
+   * Converts a stream to a PubSub of `Take` values for concurrent consumption.
    *
    * **Details**
    *