effect 3.14.2 → 3.14.3

package/src/HashSet.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,254 @@
 /**
+ * # HashSet
+ *
+ * An immutable `HashSet` provides a collection of unique values with efficient
+ * lookup, insertion and removal. Once created, a `HashSet` cannot be modified;
+ * any operation that would alter the set instead returns a new `HashSet` with
+ * the changes. This immutability offers benefits like predictable state
+ * management and easier reasoning about your code.
+ *
+ * ## What Problem Does It Solve?
+ *
+ * `HashSet` solves the problem of maintaining an unsorted collection where each
+ * value appears exactly once, with fast operations for checking membership and
+ * adding/removing values.
+ *
+ * ## When to Use
+ *
+ * Use `HashSet` when you need:
+ *
+ * - A collection with no duplicate values
+ * - Efficient membership testing (**`O(1)`** average complexity)
+ * - Set operations like union, intersection, and difference
+ * - An immutable data structure that preserves functional programming patterns
+ *
+ * ## Advanced Features
+ *
+ * HashSet provides operations for:
+ *
+ * - Transforming sets with map and flatMap
+ * - Filtering elements with filter
+ * - Combining sets with union, intersection and difference
+ * - Performance optimizations via mutable operations in controlled contexts
+ *
+ * ## Performance Characteristics
+ *
+ * - **Lookup** operations ({@linkcode HashSet.has}): **`O(1)`** average time
+ *   complexity
+ * - **Insertion** operations ({@linkcode HashSet.add}): **`O(1)`** average time
+ *   complexity
+ * - **Removal** operations ({@linkcode HashSet.remove}): **`O(1)`** average time
+ *   complexity
+ * - **Set** operations ({@linkcode HashSet.union},
+ *   {@linkcode HashSet.intersection}): **`O(n)`** where n is the size of the
+ *   smaller set
+ * - **Iteration**: **`O(n)`** where n is the size of the set
+ *
+ * The HashSet data structure implements the following traits:
+ *
+ * - {@link Iterable}: allows iterating over the values in the set
+ * - {@link Equal}: allows comparing two sets for value-based equality
+ * - {@link Pipeable}: allows chaining operations with the pipe operator
+ * - {@link Inspectable}: allows inspecting the contents of the set
+ *
+ * ## Operations Reference
+ *
+ * | Category     | Operation                        | Description                                 | Complexity |
+ * | ------------ | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | ---------- |
+ * | constructors | {@linkcode HashSet.empty}        | Creates an empty HashSet                    | O(1)       |
+ * | constructors | {@linkcode HashSet.fromIterable} | Creates a HashSet from an iterable          | O(n)       |
+ * | constructors | {@linkcode HashSet.make}         | Creates a HashSet from multiple values      | O(n)       |
+ * |              |                                  |                                             |            |
+ * | elements     | {@linkcode HashSet.has}          | Checks if a value exists in the set         | O(1) avg   |
+ * | elements     | {@linkcode HashSet.some}         | Checks if any element satisfies a predicate | O(n)       |
+ * | elements     | {@linkcode HashSet.every}        | Checks if all elements satisfy a predicate  | O(n)       |
+ * | elements     | {@linkcode HashSet.isSubset}     | Checks if a set is a subset of another      | O(n)       |
+ * |              |                                  |                                             |            |
+ * | getters      | {@linkcode HashSet.values}       | Gets an iterator of all values              | O(1)       |
+ * | getters      | {@linkcode HashSet.toValues}     | Gets an array of all values                 | O(n)       |
+ * | getters      | {@linkcode HashSet.size}         | Gets the number of elements                 | O(1)       |
+ * |              |                                  |                                             |            |
+ * | mutations    | {@linkcode HashSet.add}          | Adds a value to the set                     | O(1) avg   |
+ * | mutations    | {@linkcode HashSet.remove}       | Removes a value from the set                | O(1) avg   |
+ * | mutations    | {@linkcode HashSet.toggle}       | Toggles a value's presence                  | O(1) avg   |
+ * |              |                                  |                                             |            |
+ * | operations   | {@linkcode HashSet.difference}   | Computes set difference (A - B)             | O(n)       |
+ * | operations   | {@linkcode HashSet.intersection} | Computes set intersection (A ∩ B)           | O(n)       |
+ * | operations   | {@linkcode HashSet.union}        | Computes set union (A ∪ B)                  | O(n)       |
+ * |              |                                  |                                             |            |
+ * | mapping      | {@linkcode HashSet.map}          | Transforms each element                     | O(n)       |
+ * |              |                                  |                                             |            |
+ * | sequencing   | {@linkcode HashSet.flatMap}      | Transforms and flattens elements            | O(n)       |
+ * |              |                                  |                                             |            |
+ * | traversing   | {@linkcode HashSet.forEach}      | Applies a function to each element          | O(n)       |
+ * |              |                                  |                                             |            |
+ * | folding      | {@linkcode HashSet.reduce}       | Reduces the set to a single value           | O(n)       |
+ * |              |                                  |                                             |            |
+ * | filtering    | {@linkcode HashSet.filter}       | Keeps elements that satisfy a predicate     | O(n)       |
+ * |              |                                  |                                             |            |
+ * | partitioning | {@linkcode HashSet.partition}    | Splits into two sets by a predicate         | O(n)       |
+ *
+ * ## Notes
+ *
+ * ### Composability with the Effect Ecosystem:
+ *
+ * This `HashSet` is designed to work seamlessly within the Effect ecosystem. It
+ * implements the {@link Iterable}, {@link Equal}, {@link Pipeable}, and
+ * {@link Inspectable} traits from Effect. This ensures compatibility with other
+ * Effect data structures and functionalities. For example, you can easily use
+ * Effect's `pipe` method to chain operations on the `HashSet`.
+ *
+ * **Equality of Elements with Effect's {@link Equal `Equal`} Trait:**
+ *
+ * This `HashSet` relies on Effect's {@link Equal} trait to determine the
+ * uniqueness of elements within the set. The way equality is checked depends on
+ * the type of the elements:
+ *
+ * - **Primitive Values:** For primitive JavaScript values like strings, numbers,
+ *   booleans, `null`, and `undefined`, equality is determined by their value
+ *   (similar to the `===` operator).
+ * - **Objects and Custom Types:** For objects and other custom types, equality is
+ *   determined by whether those types implement the {@link Equal} interface
+ *   themselves. If an element type implements `Equal`, the `HashSet` will
+ *   delegate to that implementation to perform the equality check. This allows
+ *   you to define custom logic for determining when two instances of your
+ *   objects should be considered equal based on their properties, rather than
+ *   just their object identity.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { Equal, Hash, HashSet } from "effect"
+ *
+ * class Person implements Equal.Equal {
+ *   constructor(
+ *     readonly id: number, // Unique identifier
+ *     readonly name: string,
+ *     readonly age: number
+ *   ) {}
+ *
+ *   // Define equality based on id, name, and age
+ *   [Equal.symbol](that: Equal.Equal): boolean {
+ *     if (that instanceof Person) {
+ *       return (
+ *         Equal.equals(this.id, that.id) &&
+ *         Equal.equals(this.name, that.name) &&
+ *         Equal.equals(this.age, that.age)
+ *       )
+ *     }
+ *     return false
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // Generate a hash code based on the unique id
+ *   [Hash.symbol](): number {
+ *     return Hash.hash(this.id)
+ *   }
+ * }
+ *
+ * // Creating a HashSet with objects that implement the Equal interface
+ * const set = HashSet.empty().pipe(
+ *   HashSet.add(new Person(1, "Alice", 30)),
+ *   HashSet.add(new Person(1, "Alice", 30))
+ * )
+ *
+ * // HashSet recognizes them as equal, so only one element is stored
+ * console.log(HashSet.size(set))
+ * // Output: 1
+ * ```
+ *
+ * **Simplifying Equality and Hashing with `Data` and `Schema`:**
+ *
+ * Effect's {@link Data} and {@link Schema `Schema.Data`} modules offer powerful
+ * ways to automatically handle the implementation of both the {@link Equal} and
+ * {@link Hash} traits for your custom data structures.
+ *
+ * - **`Data` Module:** By using constructors like `Data.struct`, `Data.tuple`,
+ *   `Data.array`, or `Data.case` to define your data types, Effect
+ *   automatically generates the necessary implementations for value-based
+ *   equality and consistent hashing. This significantly reduces boilerplate and
+ *   ensures correctness.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, Data, Equal } from "effect"
+ * import assert from "node:assert/strict"
+ *
+ * // Data.* implements the `Equal` traits for us
+ * const person1 = Data.struct({ id: 1, name: "Alice", age: 30 })
+ * const person2 = Data.struct({ id: 1, name: "Alice", age: 30 })
+ *
+ * assert(Equal.equals(person1, person2))
+ *
+ * const set = HashSet.empty().pipe(
+ *   HashSet.add(person1),
+ *   HashSet.add(person2)
+ * )
+ *
+ * // HashSet recognizes them as equal, so only one element is stored
+ * console.log(HashSet.size(set)) // Output: 1
+ * ```
+ *
+ * - **`Schema` Module:** When defining data schemas using the {@link Schema}
+ *   module, you can use `Schema.Data` to automatically include the `Equal` and
+ *   `Hash` traits in the decoded objects. This is particularly important when
+ *   working with `HashSet`. **For decoded objects to be correctly recognized as
+ *   equal within a `HashSet`, ensure that the schema for those objects is
+ *   defined using `Schema.Data`.**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { Equal, HashSet, Schema } from "effect"
+ * import assert from "node:assert/strict"
+ *
+ * // Schema.Data implements the `Equal` traits for us
+ * const PersonSchema = Schema.Data(
+ *   Schema.Struct({
+ *     id: Schema.Number,
+ *     name: Schema.String,
+ *     age: Schema.Number
+ *   })
+ * )
+ *
+ * const Person = Schema.decode(PersonSchema)
+ *
+ * const person1 = Person({ id: 1, name: "Alice", age: 30 })
+ * const person2 = Person({ id: 1, name: "Alice", age: 30 })
+ *
+ * assert(Equal.equals(person1, person2)) // Output: true
+ *
+ * const set = HashSet.empty().pipe(
+ *   HashSet.add(person1),
+ *   HashSet.add(person2)
+ * )
+ *
+ * // HashSet thanks to Schema.Data implementation of the `Equal` trait, recognizes the two Person as equal, so only one element is stored
+ * console.log(HashSet.size(set)) // Output: 1
+ * ```
+ *
+ * ### Interoperability with the JavaScript Runtime:
+ *
+ * To interoperate with the regular JavaScript runtime, Effect's `HashSet`
+ * provides methods to access its elements in formats readily usable by
+ * JavaScript APIs: {@link values `HashSet.values`},
+ * {@link toValues `HashSet.toValues`}
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+ *
+ * const hashSet: HashSet.HashSet<number> = HashSet.make(1, 2, 3)
+ *
+ * // Using HashSet.values to convert HashSet.HashSet<A> to IterableIterator<A>
+ * const iterable: IterableIterator<number> = HashSet.values(hashSet)
+ *
+ * console.log(...iterable) // Logs:  1 2 3
+ *
+ * // Using HashSet.toValues to convert HashSet.HashSet<A> to Array<A>
+ * const array: Array<number> = HashSet.toValues(hashSet)
+ *
+ * console.log(array) // Logs: [ 1, 2, 3 ]
+ * ```
+ *
+ * Be mindful of performance implications (both time and space complexity) when
+ * frequently converting between Effect's immutable HashSet and mutable
+ * JavaScript data structures, especially for large collections.
+ *
+ * @module HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 
@@ -18,26 +268,78 @@ const TypeId: unique symbol = HS.HashSetTypeId as TypeId
 export type TypeId = typeof TypeId
 
 /**
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category models
+ * @example **Syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+ *
+ * let numberSet: HashSet.HashSet<number>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @interface
  */
 export interface HashSet<out A> extends Iterable<A>, Equal, Pipeable, Inspectable {
   readonly [TypeId]: TypeId
 }
 
 /**
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category refinements
  */
 export const isHashSet: {
   /**
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category refinements
+   * Type guard function to determine if a given iterable is a `HashSet`.
+   *
+   * This overload preserves the type of the iterable's elements.
+   *
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+   *
+   * const numberIterable: Iterable<1 | 2 | 3> = [1, 2, 3]
+   *
+   * if (
+   *   // if passed an Iterable<A> the type guard that preserves the type parameter <A>
+   *   HashSet.isHashSet(numberIterable)
+   * ) {
+   *   const HashSet: HashSet.HashSet<1 | 2 | 3> = numberIterable
+   * }
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param u - The iterable input to be checked.
+   * @returns A boolean indicating whether the provided iterable is a `HashSet`.
    */
   <A>(u: Iterable<A>): u is HashSet<A>
+
   /**
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category refinements
+   * Type guard function that checks if the provided value is a `HashSet` of
+   * unknown type.
+   *
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+   * import assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * // Check if a value is a HashSet
+   * const set = HashSet.make(1, 2, 3)
+   *
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.isHashSet(set), true) // true
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.isHashSet(HashSet.empty()), true)
+   *
+   * // Works with any type
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.isHashSet(null), false) // false
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.isHashSet({}), false) // false
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.isHashSet([1, 2, 3]), false) // false
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @param u - The value to check.
+   * @returns A boolean indicating whether the value is a `HashSet<unknown>`.
    */
   (u: unknown): u is HashSet<unknown>
 } = HS.isHashSet
@@ -45,46 +347,270 @@ export const isHashSet: {
 /**
  * Creates an empty `HashSet`.
  *
+ * Time complexity: **`O(1)`**
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category constructors
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * console.log(
+ *   pipe(
+ *     // Provide a type argument to create a HashSet of a specific type
+ *     HashSet.empty<number>(),
+ *     HashSet.add(1),
+ *     HashSet.add(1), // Notice the duplicate
+ *     HashSet.add(2),
+ *     HashSet.toValues
+ *   )
+ * ) // Output: [1, 2]
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` constructors are {@link make} {@link fromIterable}
  */
 export const empty: <A = never>() => HashSet<A> = HS.empty
 
 /**
  * Creates a new `HashSet` from an iterable collection of values.
  *
+ * Time complexity: **`O(n)`** where n is the number of elements in the iterable
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category constructors
+ * @example Creating a HashSet from an {@link Array}
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * console.log(
+ *   pipe(
+ *     [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3], // Array<number> is an Iterable<number>;  Note the duplicates.
+ *     HashSet.fromIterable,
+ *     HashSet.toValues
+ *   )
+ * ) // Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example Creating a HashSet from a {@link Set}
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * console.log(
+ *   pipe(
+ *     new Set(["apple", "banana", "orange", "apple"]), // Set<string> is an Iterable<string>
+ *     HashSet.fromIterable,
+ *     HashSet.toValues
+ *   )
+ * ) // Output: ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example Creating a HashSet from a {@link Generator}
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+ *
+ * // Generator functions return iterables
+ * function* fibonacci(n: number): Generator<number, void, unknown> {
+ *   let [a, b] = [0, 1]
+ *   for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+ *     yield a
+ *     ;[a, b] = [b, a + b]
+ *   }
+ * }
+ *
+ * // Create a HashSet from the first 10 Fibonacci numbers
+ * const fibonacciSet = HashSet.fromIterable(fibonacci(10))
+ *
+ * console.log(HashSet.toValues(fibonacciSet))
+ * // Outputs: [0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34] but in unsorted order
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example Creating a HashSet from another {@link HashSet}
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * console.log(
+ *   pipe(
+ *     // since HashSet implements the Iterable interface, we can use it to create a new HashSet
+ *     HashSet.make(1, 2, 3, 4),
+ *     HashSet.fromIterable,
+ *     HashSet.toValues // turns the HashSet back into an array
+ *   )
+ * ) // Output: [1, 2, 3, 4]
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example Creating a HashSet from other Effect's data structures like
+ * {@link Chunk}
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { Chunk, HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * console.log(
+ *   pipe(
+ *     Chunk.make(1, 2, 3, 4), // Iterable<number>
+ *     HashSet.fromIterable,
+ *     HashSet.toValues // turns the HashSet back into an array
+ *   )
+ * ) // Outputs: [1, 2, 3, 4]
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` constructors are {@link empty} {@link make}
  */
 export const fromIterable: <A>(elements: Iterable<A>) => HashSet<A> = HS.fromIterable
 
 /**
  * Construct a new `HashSet` from a variable number of values.
  *
+ * Time complexity: **`O(n)`** where n is the number of elements
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category constructors
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { Equal, Hash, HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ * import assert from "node:assert/strict"
+ *
+ * class Character implements Equal.Equal {
+ *   readonly name: string
+ *   readonly trait: string
+ *
+ *   constructor(name: string, trait: string) {
+ *     this.name = name
+ *     this.trait = trait
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // Define equality based on name, and trait
+ *   [Equal.symbol](that: Equal.Equal): boolean {
+ *     if (that instanceof Character) {
+ *       return (
+ *         Equal.equals(this.name, that.name) &&
+ *         Equal.equals(this.trait, that.trait)
+ *       )
+ *     }
+ *     return false
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // Generate a hash code based on the sum of the character's name and trait
+ *   [Hash.symbol](): number {
+ *     return Hash.hash(this.name + this.trait)
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   static readonly of = (name: string, trait: string): Character => {
+ *     return new Character(name, trait)
+ *   }
+ * }
+ *
+ * assert.strictEqual(
+ *   Equal.equals(
+ *     HashSet.make(
+ *       Character.of("Alice", "Curious"),
+ *       Character.of("Alice", "Curious"),
+ *       Character.of("White Rabbit", "Always late"),
+ *       Character.of("Mad Hatter", "Tea enthusiast")
+ *     ),
+ *     // Is the same as adding each character to an empty set
+ *     pipe(
+ *       HashSet.empty(),
+ *       HashSet.add(Character.of("Alice", "Curious")),
+ *       HashSet.add(Character.of("Alice", "Curious")), // Alice tried to attend twice!
+ *       HashSet.add(Character.of("White Rabbit", "Always late")),
+ *       HashSet.add(Character.of("Mad Hatter", "Tea enthusiast"))
+ *     )
+ *   ),
+ *   true,
+ *   "`HashSet.make` and `HashSet.empty() + HashSet.add()` should be equal"
+ * )
+ *
+ * assert.strictEqual(
+ *   Equal.equals(
+ *     HashSet.make(
+ *       Character.of("Alice", "Curious"),
+ *       Character.of("Alice", "Curious"),
+ *       Character.of("White Rabbit", "Always late"),
+ *       Character.of("Mad Hatter", "Tea enthusiast")
+ *     ),
+ *     HashSet.fromIterable([
+ *       Character.of("Alice", "Curious"),
+ *       Character.of("Alice", "Curious"),
+ *       Character.of("White Rabbit", "Always late"),
+ *       Character.of("Mad Hatter", "Tea enthusiast")
+ *     ])
+ *   ),
+ *   true,
+ *   "`HashSet.make` and `HashSet.fromIterable` should be equal"
+ * )
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` constructors are {@linkcode fromIterable} {@linkcode empty}
  */
 export const make: <As extends ReadonlyArray<any>>(...elements: As) => HashSet<As[number]> = HS.make
 
 /**
  * Checks if the specified value exists in the `HashSet`.
  *
+ * Time complexity: **`O(1)`** average
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category elements
+ * @example **syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+ * pipe(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), HashSet.has(3)) // false
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe function
+ * HashSet.make(0, 1, 2).pipe(HashSet.has(3)) // false
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API
+ * HashSet.has(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), 3) // false
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @returns A `boolean` signaling the presence of the value in the HashSet
+ * @see Other `HashSet` elements are {@link some} {@link every} {@link isSubset}
  */
 export const has: {
   /**
-   * Checks if the specified value exists in the `HashSet`.
+   * @example {@link has} `data-last` a.k.a. `pipeable` API
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category elements
+   * ```ts
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   *
+   * const set = HashSet.make(0, 1, 2)
+   *
+   * assert.equal(pipe(set, HashSet.has(0)), true)
+   * assert.equal(pipe(set, HashSet.has(1)), true)
+   * assert.equal(pipe(set, HashSet.has(2)), true)
+   * assert.equal(pipe(set, HashSet.has(3)), false)
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(value: A): (self: HashSet<A>) => boolean
+
   /**
-   * Checks if the specified value exists in the `HashSet`.
+   * @example {@link has} `data-first` API
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category elements
+   * ```ts
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   *
+   * const set = HashSet.make(0, 1, 2)
+   *
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.has(set, 0), true)
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.has(set, 1), true)
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.has(set, 2), true)
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.has(set, 3), false)
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(self: HashSet<A>, value: A): boolean
 } = HS.has
@@ -92,22 +618,81 @@ export const has: {
 /**
  * Check if a predicate holds true for some `HashSet` element.
  *
+ * Time complexity: **`O(n)`** where n is the number of elements in the set
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category elements
+ * @example **syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * const set: HashSet.HashSet<number> = HashSet.make(0, 1, 2)
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+ * pipe(
+ *   set,
+ *   HashSet.some((n) => n > 0)
+ * ) // true
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe function
+ * set.pipe(HashSet.some((n) => n > 0)) // true
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API
+ * HashSet.some(set, (n) => n > 0) // true
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` elements are {@link has} {@link every} {@link isSubset}
  */
 export const some: {
   /**
-   * Check if a predicate holds true for some `HashSet` element.
+   * @example {@link some} `data-last` a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   *
+   * const set = HashSet.make(0, 1, 2)
+   *
+   * assert.equal(
+   *   pipe(
+   *     set,
+   *     HashSet.some((n) => n > 0)
+   *   ),
+   *   true
+   * )
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category elements
+   * assert.equal(
+   *   pipe(
+   *     set,
+   *     HashSet.some((n) => n > 2)
+   *   ),
+   *   false
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(f: Predicate<A>): (self: HashSet<A>) => boolean
+
   /**
-   * Check if a predicate holds true for some `HashSet` element.
+   * @example {@link some} `data-first` API
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+   *
+   * const set = HashSet.make(0, 1, 2)
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category elements
+   * assert.equal(
+   *   HashSet.some(set, (n) => n > 0),
+   *   true
+   * )
+   *
+   * assert.equal(
+   *   HashSet.some(set, (n) => n > 2),
+   *   false
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(self: HashSet<A>, f: Predicate<A>): boolean
 } = HS.some
@@ -115,36 +700,150 @@ export const some: {
 /**
  * Check if a predicate holds true for every `HashSet` element.
  *
+ * Time complexity is **`O(n)`** as it needs to traverse the whole HashSet
+ * collection
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category elements
+ * @example **syntax** with {@link Refinement}
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe, Predicate } from "effect"
+ *
+ * const numberOrString = HashSet.make(1, "1", "one", "uno")
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API and `Refinement`
+ * pipe(
+ *   numberOrString, // HashSet.HashSet<number | string>
+ *   HashSet.every(Predicate.isString)
+ * ) // HashSet.HashSet<string>
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe function and  `Refinement`
+ * numberOrString // HashSet.HashSet<number | string>
+ *   .pipe(HashSet.every(Predicate.isString)) // HashSet.HashSet<string>
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API and `Refinement`
+ * HashSet.every(
+ *   numberOrString, // HashSet.HashSet<number | string>
+ *   Predicate.isString
+ * ) // HashSet.HashSet<string>
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example **syntax** with {@link Predicate}
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * const set = HashSet.make(1, 2, 3)
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+ * pipe(
+ *   set,
+ *   HashSet.every((n) => n >= 0)
+ * ) // true
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe function
+ * set.pipe(HashSet.every((n) => n >= 0)) // true
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API
+ * HashSet.every(set, (n) => n >= 0) // true
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @returns A boolean once it has evaluated that whole collection fulfill the
+ *   Predicate function
+ * @see Other `HashSet` elements are {@link has} {@link some} {@link isSubset}
  */
 export const every: {
   /**
-   * Check if a predicate holds true for every `HashSet` element.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   * import { Effect, HashSet, pipe, Predicate } from "effect"
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category elements
+   * const numberOrString: HashSet.HashSet<number | string> = HashSet.make(
+   *   1,
+   *   "1",
+   *   "one",
+   *   "uno"
+   * )
+   *
+   * assert.equal(
+   *   pipe(
+   *     numberOrString, // HashSet.HashSet<number | string>
+   *     HashSet.every(Predicate.isString)
+   *   ), // HashSet.HashSet<string>
+   *   false
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
-  <A, B extends A>(refinement: Refinement<NoInfer<A>, B>): (self: HashSet<A>) => self is HashSet<B>
+  <A, B extends A>(
+    refinement: Refinement<NoInfer<A>, B>
+  ): (self: HashSet<A>) => self is HashSet<B>
+
   /**
-   * Check if a predicate holds true for every `HashSet` element.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category elements
+   * const set = HashSet.make(0, 1, 2)
+   *
+   * assert.equal(
+   *   pipe(
+   *     set,
+   *     HashSet.every((n) => n >= 0)
+   *   ),
+   *   true
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): (self: HashSet<A>) => boolean
+
   /**
-   * Check if a predicate holds true for every `HashSet` element.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   * import { Effect, HashSet, pipe, Predicate } from "effect"
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category elements
+   * const numberOrString: HashSet.HashSet<number | string> = HashSet.make(
+   *   1,
+   *   "1",
+   *   "one",
+   *   "uno"
+   * )
+   *
+   * assert.equal(
+   *   HashSet.every(
+   *     numberOrString, // HashSet.HashSet<number | string>
+   *     Predicate.isString
+   *   ), // HashSet.HashSet<string>
+   *   false
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
-  <A, B extends A>(self: HashSet<A>, refinement: Refinement<A, B>): self is HashSet<B>
+  <A, B extends A>(
+    self: HashSet<A>,
+    refinement: Refinement<A, B>
+  ): self is HashSet<B>
+
   /**
-   * Check if a predicate holds true for every `HashSet` element.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   * import { HashSet } from "effect"
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category elements
+   * const set = HashSet.make(0, 1, 2)
+   *
+   * assert.equal(
+   *   HashSet.every(set, (n) => n >= 0),
+   *   true
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(self: HashSet<A>, predicate: Predicate<A>): boolean
 } = HS.every
@@ -155,28 +854,73 @@ export const every: {
  *
  * **NOTE**: the hash and equal of both sets must be the same.
  *
+ * Time complexity analysis is of **`O(n)`**
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category elements
+ * @example **Syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * const set1 = HashSet.make(0, 1)
+ * const set2 = HashSet.make(1, 2)
+ * const set3 = HashSet.make(0, 1, 2)
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+ * pipe(set1, HashSet.isSubset(set2)) // false
+ * pipe(set1, HashSet.isSubset(set3)) // true
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe function
+ * set1.pipe(HashSet.isSubset(set2)) // false
+ * set1.pipe(HashSet.isSubset(set3)) // true
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API
+ * HashSet.isSubset(set1, set2) // false
+ * HashSet.isSubset(set1, set3) // true)
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` elements are {@link has} {@link some} {@link every}
  */
 export const isSubset: {
   /**
-   * Returns `true` if and only if every element in the this `HashSet` is an
-   * element of the second set,
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
    *
-   * **NOTE**: the hash and equal of both sets must be the same.
+   * assert.equal(
+   *   pipe(
+   *     HashSet.make(0, 1), //
+   *     HashSet.isSubset(HashSet.make(1, 2))
+   *   ),
+   *   false
+   * )
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category elements
+   * assert.equal(
+   *   pipe(
+   *     HashSet.make(0, 1), //
+   *     HashSet.isSubset(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2))
+   *   ),
+   *   true
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(that: HashSet<A>): (self: HashSet<A>) => boolean
+
   /**
-   * Returns `true` if and only if every element in the this `HashSet` is an
-   * element of the second set,
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
    *
-   * **NOTE**: the hash and equal of both sets must be the same.
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.isSubset(set1, set2), false)
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category elements
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.isSubset(set1, set3), true)
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(self: HashSet<A>, that: HashSet<A>): boolean
 } = HS.isSubset
@@ -184,57 +928,283 @@ export const isSubset: {
 /**
  * Returns an `IterableIterator` of the values in the `HashSet`.
  *
+ * Time complexity: **`O(1)`**
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category getters
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * const numberIterable = pipe(
+ *   HashSet.make(0, 1, 1, 2), // HashSet.HashSet<number>
+ *   HashSet.values // takes an HashSet<A> and returns an IterableIterator<A>
+ * )
+ *
+ * for (const number of numberIterable) {
+ *   console.log(number) // it will logs: 0, 1, 2
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` getters are {@link toValues} {@link size}
  */
 export const values: <A>(self: HashSet<A>) => IterableIterator<A> = HS.values
 
 /**
  * Returns an `Array` of the values within the `HashSet`.
  *
+ * Time complexity: **`O(n)`** where n is the number of elements in the set
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 3.13.0
  * @category getters
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ * import { deepStrictEqual } from "node:assert/strict"
+ *
+ * deepStrictEqual(
+ *   pipe(
+ *     HashSet.make(0, 1, 1, 2), // HashSet<number>
+ *     HashSet.toValues // takes an HashSet<A> and returns an Array<A>
+ *   ),
+ *   Array.of(0, 1, 2)
+ * )
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` getters are {@link values} {@link size}
  */
 export const toValues = <A>(self: HashSet<A>): Array<A> => Array.from(values(self))
 
 /**
  * Calculates the number of values in the `HashSet`.
  *
+ * Time complexity: **`O(1)`**
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category getters
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ * import assert from "node:assert/strict"
+ *
+ * assert.deepStrictEqual(pipe(HashSet.empty(), HashSet.size), 0)
+ *
+ * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+ *   pipe(HashSet.make(1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 3), HashSet.size),
+ *   4
+ * )
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` getters are {@link values} {@link toValues}
  */
 export const size: <A>(self: HashSet<A>) => number = HS.size
 
 /**
- * Marks the `HashSet` as mutable.
+ * Creates a new mutable version of the `HashSet`
+ *
+ * When a `HashSet` is mutable, operations like {@link add} and {@link remove}
+ * modify the data structure in place instead of creating a new one, which is
+ * more efficient when performing multiple operations.
  *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+ * import assert from "node:assert/strict"
+ *
+ * const UPPER_BOUND = 10_000
+ *
+ * const immutableSet = HashSet.empty<number>().pipe(HashSet.add(0))
+ *
+ * // Create a mutable version of the immutableSet
+ * const mutableSet = HashSet.beginMutation(immutableSet)
+ *
+ * for (let i = 1; i < UPPER_BOUND; i++) {
+ *   // Operations now modify the set in place instead of creating new instances
+ *   // This is more efficient when making multiple changes
+ *   const pointerToMutableSet = HashSet.add(mutableSet, i)
+ *
+ *   // the two sets have the same identity, hence `add` is mutating mutableSet and not returning a new HashSet instance
+ *   assert(Object.is(mutableSet, pointerToMutableSet))
+ *   assert.equal(HashSet.has(mutableSet, i), true) // `i` is in the mutableSet
+ *   assert.equal(HashSet.has(immutableSet, i), false) // `i` is not in the immutableSet
+ * }
+ *
+ * const next = UPPER_BOUND + 1
+ * // When done, mark the set as immutable again
+ * HashSet.endMutation(mutableSet).pipe(
+ *   HashSet.add(next) // since this returns a new HashSet, it will not be logged as part of the mutableSet
+ * )
+ * assert.equal(HashSet.has(mutableSet, next), false)
+ *
+ * console.log(HashSet.toValues(immutableSet)) // [0]
+ * console.log(HashSet.toValues(mutableSet).sort((a, b) => a - b)) // [0, 1, 2, 3, ...rest]
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` mutations are {@link add} {@link remove} {@link toggle} {@link endMutation} {@link mutate}
  */
 export const beginMutation: <A>(self: HashSet<A>) => HashSet<A> = HS.beginMutation
 
 /**
- * Marks the `HashSet` as immutable.
+ * Makes the `HashSet` immutable again.
+ *
+ * After calling `endMutation`, operations like {@link add} and {@link remove}
+ * will create new instances of the `HashSet` instead of modifying the existing
+ * one.
  *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
+ * @example
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+ * import assert from "node:assert/strict"
+ *
+ * // Create a mutable set
+ * const mutableSet = HashSet.beginMutation(HashSet.empty<number>())
+ *
+ * // Add some elements to the mutable set
+ * HashSet.add(mutableSet, 1)
+ * HashSet.add(mutableSet, 2)
+ *
+ * // Before endMutation, operations modify the set in place
+ * const sameSet = HashSet.add(mutableSet, 3)
+ * assert(Object.is(mutableSet, sameSet)) // true - same object reference
+ * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(mutableSet).sort(), [1, 2, 3])
+ *
+ * // Make the set immutable again
+ * const immutableSet = HashSet.endMutation(mutableSet)
+ *
+ * // endMutation returns the same set instance, now made immutable
+ * assert(Object.is(mutableSet, immutableSet)) // true - same object reference
+ *
+ * // After endMutation, operations create new instances
+ * const newSet = HashSet.add(immutableSet, 4)
+ * assert(!Object.is(immutableSet, newSet)) // false - different object references
+ *
+ * // The original set remains unchanged
+ * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(immutableSet).sort(), [1, 2, 3])
+ *
+ * // The new set contains the added element
+ * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(newSet).sort(), [1, 2, 3, 4])
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` mutations are {@linkcode HashSet.add} {@linkcode HashSet.remove} {@linkcode HashSet.toggle} {@linkcode HashSet.beginMutation} {@linkcode HashSet.mutate}
  */
 export const endMutation: <A>(self: HashSet<A>) => HashSet<A> = HS.endMutation
 
 /**
  * Mutates the `HashSet` within the context of the provided function.
  *
+ * You can consider it a functional abstraction on top of the lower-level
+ * mutation primitives of {@linkcode HashSet.beginMutation} `->` `mutable
+ * context` `->` {@linkcode HashSet.endMutation}.
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
+ * @example **Syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * // with data-last, a.k.a. pipeable API
+ * pipe(
+ *   HashSet.make(1, 2, 3),
+ *   HashSet.mutate((set) => {
+ *     HashSet.add(set, 4)
+ *     HashSet.remove(set, 1)
+ *   })
+ * )
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe function
+ * HashSet.make(1, 2, 3).pipe(
+ *   HashSet.mutate((set) => {
+ *     HashSet.add(set, 4)
+ *     HashSet.remove(set, 1)
+ *   })
+ * )
+ *
+ * // or with data-first API
+ * HashSet.mutate(HashSet.make(1, 2, 3), (set) => {
+ *   HashSet.add(set, 4)
+ *   HashSet.remove(set, 1)
+ * })
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` mutations are {@linkcode HashSet.add} {@linkcode HashSet.remove} {@linkcode HashSet.toggle} {@linkcode HashSet.beginMutation} {@linkcode HashSet.endMutation}
  */
 export const mutate: {
   /**
-   * Mutates the `HashSet` within the context of the provided function.
+   * @example {@linkcode HashSet.mutate} `data-last` a.k.a. `pipeable` API
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * // Create a set with initial values
+   * const immutableSet = HashSet.make(1, 2, 3)
+   *
+   * // Use mutate to perform multiple operations efficiently
+   * const result = pipe(
+   *   immutableSet,
+   *   HashSet.mutate((set) => {
+   *     assert.equal(Object.is(immutableSet, set), false)
+   *
+   *     // The set is temporarily mutable inside this function
+   *     const mod1 = HashSet.add(set, 4)
+   *     const mod2 = HashSet.remove(set, 1)
+   *     assert.equal(Object.is(mod1, mod2), true) // they are the same object by reference
+   *   })
+   * )
+   *
+   * // The original set is unchanged
+   * assert.equal(Object.is(immutableSet, result), false)
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.toValues(immutableSet).sort(),
+   *   [1, 2, 3]
+   * )
+   *
+   * // The result contains the mutations
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(result).sort(), [2, 3, 4])
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(f: (set: HashSet<A>) => void): (self: HashSet<A>) => HashSet<A>
+
   /**
-   * Mutates the `HashSet` within the context of the provided function.
+   * @example {@linkcode HashSet.mutate} `data-first` API
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+   * import assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * // Create a set with initial values
+   * const immutableSet = HashSet.make(1, 2, 3)
+   *
+   * // Use mutate with data-first API
+   * const result = HashSet.mutate(immutableSet, (set) => {
+   *   // The set is temporarily mutable inside this function
+   *   HashSet.add(set, 4)
+   *   HashSet.remove(set, 1)
+   * })
+   *
+   * // The original set is unchanged
+   * assert.equal(Object.is(immutableSet, result), false)
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.toValues(immutableSet).sort(),
+   *   [1, 2, 3]
+   * )
+   *
+   * // The result contains the mutations
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(result).sort(), [2, 3, 4])
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(self: HashSet<A>, f: (set: HashSet<A>) => void): HashSet<A>
 } = HS.mutate
@@ -242,19 +1212,72 @@ export const mutate: {
 /**
  * Adds a value to the `HashSet`.
  *
+ * Time complexity: **`O(1)`** average
+ *
+ * @remarks
+ * Remember that a `HashSet` is a collection of unique values, so adding a value
+ * that already exists in the `HashSet` will not add a duplicate.
+ *
+ * Remember that HashSet is an immutable data structure, so the `add` function,
+ * like all other functions that modify the HashSet, will return a new HashSet
+ * with the added value.
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
+ * @example **Syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * // with data-last, a.k.a. pipeable API
+ * pipe(HashSet.empty(), HashSet.add(0), HashSet.add(0))
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe function
+ * HashSet.empty().pipe(HashSet.add(0))
+ *
+ * // or with data-first API
+ * HashSet.add(HashSet.empty(), 0)
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` mutations are {@link remove} {@link toggle} {@link beginMutation} {@link endMutation} {@link mutate}
  */
 export const add: {
   /**
-   * Adds a value to the `HashSet`.
+   * @example {@link add} `data-last` a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import assert from "node:assert/strict"
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   pipe(
+   *     HashSet.empty<number>(), // HashSet.HashSet<number>
+   *     HashSet.add(0),
+   *     HashSet.add(1),
+   *     HashSet.add(1),
+   *     HashSet.add(2),
+   *     HashSet.toValues
+   *   ),
+   *   Array.of(0, 1, 2)
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(value: A): (self: HashSet<A>) => HashSet<A>
+
   /**
-   * Adds a value to the `HashSet`.
+   * @example {@link add} `data-first` API
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * const empty = HashSet.empty<number>()
+   * const withZero = HashSet.add(empty, 0)
+   * const withOne = HashSet.add(withZero, 1)
+   * const withTwo = HashSet.add(withOne, 2)
+   * const withTwoTwo = HashSet.add(withTwo, 2)
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(withTwoTwo), Array.of(0, 1, 2))
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(self: HashSet<A>, value: A): HashSet<A>
 } = HS.add
@@ -262,115 +1285,352 @@ export const add: {
 /**
  * Removes a value from the `HashSet`.
  *
+ * Time complexity: **`O(1)`** average
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
+ * @example **Syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+ * pipe(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), HashSet.remove(0))
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe function
+ * HashSet.make(0, 1, 2).pipe(HashSet.remove(0))
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API
+ * HashSet.remove(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), 0)
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` mutations are {@link add} {@link toggle} {@link beginMutation} {@link endMutation} {@link mutate}
  */
 export const remove: {
   /**
-   * Removes a value from the `HashSet`.
+   * @example {@link remove} `data-last` a.k.a. `pipeable` API
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * const set = HashSet.make(0, 1, 2)
+   * const result = pipe(set, HashSet.remove(0))
+   *
+   * assert.equal(pipe(result, HashSet.has(0)), false) // it has correctly removed 0
+   * assert.equal(pipe(set, HashSet.has(0)), true) // it does not mutate the original set
+   * assert.equal(pipe(result, HashSet.has(1)), true)
+   * assert.equal(pipe(result, HashSet.has(2)), true)
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(value: A): (self: HashSet<A>) => HashSet<A>
+
   /**
-   * Removes a value from the `HashSet`.
+   * @example {@link remove} `data-first` API
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * const set = HashSet.make(0, 1, 2)
+   * const result = HashSet.remove(set, 0)
+   *
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.has(result, 0), false) // it has correctly removed 0
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.has(set, 0), true) // it does not mutate the original set
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.has(result, 1), true)
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.has(result, 2), true)
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(self: HashSet<A>, value: A): HashSet<A>
 } = HS.remove
 
 /**
- * Computes the set difference between this `HashSet` and the specified
- * `Iterable<A>`.
+ * Computes the set difference `(A - B)` between this `HashSet` and the
+ * specified `Iterable<A>`.
+ *
+ * Time complexity: **`O(n)`** where n is the number of elements in the set
  *
  * **NOTE**: the hash and equal of the values in both the set and the iterable
- * must be the same.
+ * must be the same; meaning we cannot compute a difference between a `HashSet
+ * of bananas` and a `HashSet of elephants` as they are not the same type and
+ * won't implement the Equal trait in the same way.
  *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
+ * @example **Syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * // with data-last, a.k.a. pipeable API
+ * pipe(HashSet.make(1, 2, 3), HashSet.difference(HashSet.make(3, 4, 5)))
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe function
+ * HashSet.make(1, 2, 3).pipe(HashSet.difference(HashSet.make(3, 4, 5)))
+ *
+ * // or with data-first API
+ * HashSet.difference(HashSet.make(1, 2, 3), HashSet.make(3, 4, 5))
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` operations are {@link intersection} {@link union}
  */
 export const difference: {
   /**
-   * Computes the set difference between this `HashSet` and the specified
-   * `Iterable<A>`.
+   * @example {@link difference} `data-last` a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * // Create two sets with some overlapping elements
+   * const thisSet = HashSet.make(1, 2, 3)
+   * const thatIterable = HashSet.make(3, 4, 5)
    *
-   * **NOTE**: the hash and equal of the values in both the set and the iterable
-   * must be the same.
+   * // Compute the difference (elements in thisSet that are not in thatIterable)
+   * const result = pipe(thisSet, HashSet.difference(thatIterable))
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * // The result contains only elements from thisSet that are not in thatIterable
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(result).sort(), [1, 2])
+   *
+   * // The original sets are unchanged
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(thisSet).sort(), [1, 2, 3])
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.toValues(thatIterable).sort(),
+   *   [3, 4, 5]
+   * )
+   *
+   * // You can also use arrays or other iterables
+   * const diffWithArray = pipe(thisSet, HashSet.difference([3, 4]))
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(diffWithArray).sort(), [1, 2])
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(that: Iterable<A>): (self: HashSet<A>) => HashSet<A>
+
   /**
-   * Computes the set difference between this `HashSet` and the specified
-   * `Iterable<A>`.
+   * @example {@link difference} `data-first` API
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * // Create two sets with some overlapping elements
+   * const thisSet = HashSet.make(1, 2, 3)
+   * const thatIterable = HashSet.make(3, 4, 5)
+   *
+   * // Compute the difference using data-first API
+   * const result = HashSet.difference(thisSet, thatIterable)
    *
-   * **NOTE**: the hash and equal of the values in both the set and the iterable
-   * must be the same.
+   * // The result contains only elements from thisSet that are not in thatIterable
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(result).sort(), [1, 2])
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * // The original sets are unchanged
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(thisSet).sort(), [1, 2, 3])
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.toValues(thatIterable).sort(),
+   *   [3, 4, 5]
+   * )
+   *
+   * // You can also compute the difference in the other direction
+   * const reverseResult = HashSet.difference(thatIterable, thisSet)
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(reverseResult).sort(), [4, 5])
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(self: HashSet<A>, that: Iterable<A>): HashSet<A>
 } = HS.difference
 
 /**
  * Returns a `HashSet` of values which are present in both this set and that
- * `Iterable<A>`.
+ * `Iterable<A>`. Computes set intersection (A ∩ B)
+ *
+ * Time complexity: **`O(n)`** where n is the number of elements in the smaller
+ * set
  *
  * **NOTE**: the hash and equal of the values in both the set and the iterable
  * must be the same.
  *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
+ * @example **Syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * // with data-last, a.k.a. pipeable API
+ * pipe(HashSet.make(1, 2, 3), HashSet.intersection(HashSet.make(2, 3, 4)))
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe function
+ * HashSet.make(1, 2, 3).pipe(HashSet.intersection(HashSet.make(2, 3, 4)))
+ *
+ * // or with data-first API
+ * HashSet.intersection(HashSet.make(1, 2, 3), HashSet.make(2, 3, 4))
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` operations are {@link difference} {@link union}
  */
 export const intersection: {
   /**
-   * Returns a `HashSet` of values which are present in both this set and that
-   * `Iterable<A>`.
+   * @example {@link intersection} `data-last` a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * // Create two sets with some overlapping elements
+   * const set1 = HashSet.make(1, 2, 3)
+   * const set2 = HashSet.make(2, 3, 4)
    *
-   * **NOTE**: the hash and equal of the values in both the set and the iterable
-   * must be the same.
+   * // Compute the intersection (elements that are in both sets)
+   * const result = pipe(set1, HashSet.intersection(set2))
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * // The result contains only elements that are in both sets
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(result).sort(), [2, 3])
+   *
+   * // The original sets are unchanged
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(set1).sort(), [1, 2, 3])
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(set2).sort(), [2, 3, 4])
+   *
+   * // You can also use arrays or other iterables
+   * const intersectWithArray = pipe(set1, HashSet.intersection([2, 3, 5]))
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.toValues(intersectWithArray).sort(),
+   *   [2, 3]
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(that: Iterable<A>): (self: HashSet<A>) => HashSet<A>
+
   /**
-   * Returns a `HashSet` of values which are present in both this set and that
-   * `Iterable<A>`.
+   * @example {@link intersection} `data-first` API
    *
-   * **NOTE**: the hash and equal of the values in both the set and the iterable
-   * must be the same.
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * // Create two sets with some overlapping elements
+   * const set1 = HashSet.make(1, 2, 3)
+   * const set2 = HashSet.make(2, 3, 4)
+   *
+   * // Compute the intersection using data-first API
+   * const result = HashSet.intersection(set1, set2)
+   *
+   * // The result contains only elements that are in both sets
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(result).sort(), [2, 3])
+   *
+   * // The original sets are unchanged
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(set1).sort(), [1, 2, 3])
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(set2).sort(), [2, 3, 4])
+   *
+   * // You can also use arrays or other iterables
+   * const intersectWithArray = HashSet.intersection(set1, [2, 3, 5])
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.toValues(intersectWithArray).sort(),
+   *   [2, 3]
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(self: HashSet<A>, that: Iterable<A>): HashSet<A>
 } = HS.intersection
 
 /**
- * Computes the set union `(`self` + `that`)` between this `HashSet` and the
+ * Computes the set union `( self ∪ that )` between this `HashSet` and the
  * specified `Iterable<A>`.
  *
+ * Time complexity: **`O(n)`** where n is the number of elements in the set
+ *
  * **NOTE**: the hash and equal of the values in both the set and the iterable
  * must be the same.
  *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
+ * @example **Syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * // with data-last, a.k.a. pipeable API
+ * pipe(HashSet.make(1, 2, 3), HashSet.union(HashSet.make(3, 4, 5)))
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe function
+ * HashSet.make(1, 2, 3).pipe(HashSet.union(HashSet.make(3, 4, 5)))
+ *
+ * // or with data-first API
+ * HashSet.union(HashSet.make(1, 2, 3), HashSet.make(3, 4, 5))
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @see Other `HashSet` operations are {@link difference} {@link intersection}
  */
 export const union: {
   /**
-   * Computes the set union `(`self` + `that`)` between this `HashSet` and the
-   * specified `Iterable<A>`.
+   * @example {@link union} `data-last` a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * // Create two sets with some overlapping elements
+   * const selfSet = HashSet.make(1, 2, 3)
+   * const thatIterable = HashSet.make(3, 4, 5)
    *
-   * **NOTE**: the hash and equal of the values in both the set and the iterable
-   * must be the same.
+   * // Compute the union (all elements from both sets)
+   * const result = pipe(selfSet, HashSet.union(thatIterable))
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * // The result contains all elements from both sets (without duplicates)
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.toValues(result).sort(),
+   *   [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+   * )
+   *
+   * // The original sets are unchanged
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(selfSet).sort(), [1, 2, 3])
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.toValues(thatIterable).sort(),
+   *   [3, 4, 5]
+   * )
+   *
+   * // You can also use arrays or other iterables
+   * const unionWithArray = pipe(selfSet, HashSet.union([4, 5, 6]))
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.toValues(unionWithArray).sort(),
+   *   [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(that: Iterable<A>): (self: HashSet<A>) => HashSet<A>
+
   /**
-   * Computes the set union `(`self` + `that`)` between this `HashSet` and the
-   * specified `Iterable<A>`.
+   * @example {@link union} `data-first` API
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * // Create two sets with some overlapping elements
+   * const selfSet = HashSet.make(1, 2, 3)
+   * const thatIterable = HashSet.make(3, 4, 5)
+   *
+   * // Compute the union using data-first API
+   * const result = HashSet.union(selfSet, thatIterable)
    *
-   * **NOTE**: the hash and equal of the values in both the set and the iterable
-   * must be the same.
+   * // The result contains all elements from both sets (without duplicates)
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.toValues(result).sort(),
+   *   [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+   * )
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * // The original sets are unchanged
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(HashSet.toValues(selfSet).sort(), [1, 2, 3])
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.toValues(thatIterable).sort(),
+   *   [3, 4, 5]
+   * )
+   *
+   * // You can also use arrays or other iterables
+   * const unionWithArray = HashSet.union(selfSet, [4, 5, 6])
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.toValues(unionWithArray).sort(),
+   *   [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(self: HashSet<A>, that: Iterable<A>): HashSet<A>
 } = HS.union
@@ -380,23 +1640,83 @@ export const union: {
  * will be removed from the `HashSet`, otherwise the value will be added to the
  * `HashSet`.
  *
+ * Time complexity: **`O(1)`** average
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
+ * @example **Syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+ * pipe(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), HashSet.toggle(0))
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe function
+ * HashSet.make(0, 1, 2).pipe(HashSet.toggle(0))
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API
+ * HashSet.toggle(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), 0)
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @returns A new `HashSet` where the toggled value is being either added or
+ *   removed based on the initial `HashSet` state.
+ * @see Other `HashSet` mutations are {@link add} {@link remove} {@link beginMutation} {@link endMutation} {@link mutate}
  */
 export const toggle: {
   /**
-   * Checks if a value is present in the `HashSet`. If it is present, the value
-   * will be removed from the `HashSet`, otherwise the value will be added to the
-   * `HashSet`.
+   * @example {@link toggle} `data-last` a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * // arrange
+   * let set = HashSet.make(0, 1, 2)
+   *
+   * // assert 1: 0 is in the set
+   * assert.equal(pipe(set, HashSet.has(0)), true)
+   *
+   * // act 2: toggle 0 once on the set
+   * set = pipe(set, HashSet.toggle(0))
+   *
+   * // assert 2: 0 is not in the set any longer
+   * assert.equal(pipe(set, HashSet.has(0)), false)
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * // act 3: toggle 0 once again on the set
+   * set = pipe(set, HashSet.toggle(0))
+   *
+   * // assert 3: 0 in now back in the set
+   * assert.equal(pipe(set, HashSet.has(0)), true)
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(value: A): (self: HashSet<A>) => HashSet<A>
+
   /**
-   * Checks if a value is present in the `HashSet`. If it is present, the value
-   * will be removed from the `HashSet`, otherwise the value will be added to the
-   * `HashSet`.
+   * @example {@link toggle} `data-first` API
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * // arrange
+   * let set = HashSet.make(0, 1, 2)
+   *
+   * // assert 1: 0 is in the set
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.has(set, 0), true)
+   *
+   * // act 2: toggle 0 once on the set
+   * set = HashSet.toggle(set, 0)
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
+   * // assert 2: 0 is not in the set any longer
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.has(set, 0), false)
+   *
+   * // act 3: toggle 0 once again on the set
+   * set = HashSet.toggle(set, 0)
+   *
+   * // assert 3: 0 in now back in the set
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.has(set, 0), true)
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(self: HashSet<A>, value: A): HashSet<A>
 } = HS.toggle
@@ -404,22 +1724,63 @@ export const toggle: {
 /**
  * Maps over the values of the `HashSet` using the specified function.
  *
+ * The time complexity is of **`O(n)`**.
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category mapping
+ * @example **Syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+ * pipe(
+ *   HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), // HashSet.HashSet<number>
+ *   HashSet.map(String) // HashSet.HashSet<string>
+ * )
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe method
+ * HashSet.make(0, 1, 2).pipe(HashSet.map(String))
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API
+ * HashSet.map(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), String)
+ * ```
  */
 export const map: {
   /**
-   * Maps over the values of the `HashSet` using the specified function.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category mapping
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   pipe(
+   *     HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), //    HashSet.HashSet<number>
+   *     HashSet.map((n) => String(n + 1)) // HashSet.HashSet<String>
+   *   ),
+   *   HashSet.make("1", "2", "3")
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A, B>(f: (a: A) => B): (self: HashSet<A>) => HashSet<B>
+
   /**
-   * Maps over the values of the `HashSet` using the specified function.
+   * @example
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category mapping
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.map(
+   *     HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), //    HashSet.HashSet<number>
+   *     (n) => String(n + 1)
+   *   ), // HashSet.HashSet<String>
+   *   HashSet.make("1", "2", "3")
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A, B>(self: HashSet<A>, f: (a: A) => B): HashSet<B>
 } = HS.map
@@ -427,22 +1788,65 @@ export const map: {
 /**
  * Chains over the values of the `HashSet` using the specified function.
  *
+ * The time complexity is of **`O(n)`**.
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category sequencing
+ * @example **Syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+ * pipe(
+ *   HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), // HashSet.HashSet<number>
+ *   HashSet.flatMap((n) => Array.of(String(n))) // HashSet.HashSet<string>
+ * )
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe method
+ * HashSet.make(0, 1, 2) // HashSet.HashSet<number>
+ *   .pipe(
+ *     HashSet.flatMap((n) => Array.of(String(n))) // HashSet.HashSet<string>
+ *   )
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API
+ * HashSet.flatMap(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), (n) => Array.of(String(n)))
+ * ```
  */
 export const flatMap: {
   /**
-   * Chains over the values of the `HashSet` using the specified function.
+   * @example
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category sequencing
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe, List } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   pipe(
+   *     HashSet.make(0, 1, 2),
+   *     HashSet.flatMap((n) => List.of(String(n * n))) // needs to return an Iterable
+   *   ),
+   *   HashSet.make("0", "1", "4")
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A, B>(f: (a: A) => Iterable<B>): (self: HashSet<A>) => HashSet<B>
+
   /**
-   * Chains over the values of the `HashSet` using the specified function.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe, List } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category sequencing
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.flatMap(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), (n) =>
+   *     List.of(String(n * n * n))
+   *   ), // needs to return an Iterable
+   *   HashSet.make("0", "1", "8")
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A, B>(self: HashSet<A>, f: (a: A) => Iterable<B>): HashSet<B>
 } = HS.flatMap
@@ -450,22 +1854,63 @@ export const flatMap: {
 /**
  * Applies the specified function to the values of the `HashSet`.
  *
+ * The time complexity is of **`O(n)`**.
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category traversing
+ * @example **Syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+ * pipe(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), HashSet.forEach(console.log)) // logs: 0 1 2
+ *
+ * // or piped with the pipe method
+ * HashSet.make(0, 1, 2).pipe(HashSet.forEach(console.log)) // logs: 0 1 2
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API
+ * HashSet.forEach(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), console.log) // logs: 0 1 2
+ * ```
  */
 export const forEach: {
   /**
-   * Applies the specified function to the values of the `HashSet`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category traversing
+   * const result: Array<number> = []
+   *
+   * pipe(
+   *   HashSet.make(0, 1, 2),
+   *   HashSet.forEach((n): void => {
+   *     result.push(n)
+   *   })
+   * )
+   *
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(result, [0, 1, 2])
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(f: (value: A) => void): (self: HashSet<A>) => void
+
   /**
-   * Applies the specified function to the values of the `HashSet`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * const result: Array<number> = []
+   *
+   * HashSet.forEach(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), (n): void => {
+   *   result.push(n)
+   * })
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category traversing
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(result, [0, 1, 2])
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(self: HashSet<A>, f: (value: A) => void): void
 } = HS.forEach
@@ -473,22 +1918,63 @@ export const forEach: {
 /**
  * Reduces the specified state over the values of the `HashSet`.
  *
+ * The time complexity is of **`O(n)`**.
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category folding
+ * @example **Syntax**
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * const sum = (a: number, b: number): number => a + b
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+ * pipe(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), HashSet.reduce(0, sum))
+ *
+ * // or with the pipe method
+ * HashSet.make(0, 1, 2).pipe(HashSet.reduce(0, sum))
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API
+ * HashSet.reduce(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2), 0, sum)
+ * ```
  */
 export const reduce: {
   /**
-   * Reduces the specified state over the values of the `HashSet`.
+   * @example
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category folding
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * assert.equal(
+   *   pipe(
+   *     HashSet.make(0, 1, 2),
+   *     HashSet.reduce(10, (accumulator, value) => accumulator + value)
+   *   ),
+   *   13
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A, Z>(zero: Z, f: (accumulator: Z, value: A) => Z): (self: HashSet<A>) => Z
+
   /**
-   * Reduces the specified state over the values of the `HashSet`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category folding
+   * assert.equal(
+   *   HashSet.reduce(
+   *     HashSet.make(0, 1, 2),
+   *     -3,
+   *     (accumulator, value) => accumulator + value
+   *   ),
+   *   0
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A, Z>(self: HashSet<A>, zero: Z, f: (accumulator: Z, value: A) => Z): Z
 } = HS.reduce
@@ -496,36 +1982,149 @@ export const reduce: {
 /**
  * Filters values out of a `HashSet` using the specified predicate.
  *
+ * The time complexity is of **`O(n)`**.
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category filtering
+ * @example **Syntax** with {@link Predicate}
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, type Predicate, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * const filterPositiveNumbers: Predicate.Predicate<number> = (n) => n > 0
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+ * pipe(
+ *   HashSet.make(-2, -1, 0, 1, 2),
+ *   HashSet.filter(filterPositiveNumbers)
+ * )
+ *
+ * // or with the pipe method
+ * HashSet.make(-2, -1, 0, 1, 2).pipe(HashSet.filter(filterPositiveNumbers))
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API
+ * HashSet.filter(HashSet.make(-2, -1, 0, 1, 2), filterPositiveNumbers)
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example **Syntax** with {@link Refinement}
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+ *
+ * const stringRefinement = (value: unknown): value is string =>
+ *   typeof value === "string"
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+ * pipe(
+ *   HashSet.make(1, "unos", 2, "two", 3, "trois", 4, "vier"), // // HashSet.HashSet<number | string>
+ *   HashSet.filter(stringRefinement)
+ * ) // HashSet.HashSet<string>
+ *
+ * // or with the pipe method
+ * HashSet.make(1, "unos", 2, "two", 3, "trois", 4, "vier") // HashSet.HashSet<number | string>
+ *   .pipe(HashSet.filter(stringRefinement)) // HashSet.HashSet<string>
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API
+ * HashSet.filter(
+ *   HashSet.make(1, "unos", 2, "two", 3, "trois", 4, "vier"), // HashSet.HashSet<number | string>
+ *   stringRefinement
+ * ) // HashSet.HashSet<string>
+ * ```
  */
 export const filter: {
   /**
-   * Filters values out of a `HashSet` using the specified predicate.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe, Predicate } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * const numbersAndStringsHashSet: HashSet.HashSet<number | string> =
+   *   HashSet.make(1, "unos", 2, "two", 3, "trois", 4, "vier")
+   *
+   * const stringRefinement: Predicate.Refinement<
+   *   string | number,
+   *   string
+   * > = (value) => typeof value === "string"
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category filtering
+   * const stringHashSet: HashSet.HashSet<string> = pipe(
+   *   numbersAndStringsHashSet,
+   *   HashSet.filter(stringRefinement)
+   * )
+   *
+   * assert.equal(
+   *   pipe(stringHashSet, HashSet.every(Predicate.isString)),
+   *   true
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
-  <A, B extends A>(refinement: Refinement<NoInfer<A>, B>): (self: HashSet<A>) => HashSet<B>
+  <A, B extends A>(
+    refinement: Refinement<NoInfer<A>, B>
+  ): (self: HashSet<A>) => HashSet<B>
+
   /**
-   * Filters values out of a `HashSet` using the specified predicate.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe, type Predicate } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category filtering
+   * const filterPositiveNumbers: Predicate.Predicate<number> = (n) => n > 0
+   *
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   pipe(
+   *     HashSet.make(-2, -1, 0, 1, 2),
+   *     HashSet.filter(filterPositiveNumbers)
+   *   ),
+   *   HashSet.make(1, 2)
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(predicate: Predicate<NoInfer<A>>): (self: HashSet<A>) => HashSet<A>
+
   /**
-   * Filters values out of a `HashSet` using the specified predicate.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, Predicate } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category filtering
+   * const numbersAndStringsHashSet: HashSet.HashSet<number | string> =
+   *   HashSet.make(1, "unos", 2, "two", 3, "trois", 4, "vier")
+   *
+   * const stringRefinement: Predicate.Refinement<
+   *   string | number,
+   *   string
+   * > = (value) => typeof value === "string"
+   *
+   * const stringHashSet: HashSet.HashSet<string> = HashSet.filter(
+   *   numbersAndStringsHashSet,
+   *   stringRefinement
+   * )
+   *
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.every(stringHashSet, Predicate.isString), true)
+   * ```
    */
-  <A, B extends A>(self: HashSet<A>, refinement: Refinement<A, B>): HashSet<B>
+  <A, B extends A>(
+    self: HashSet<A>,
+    refinement: Refinement<A, B>
+  ): HashSet<B>
+
   /**
-   * Filters values out of a `HashSet` using the specified predicate.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe, type Predicate } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
+   *
+   * const filterPositiveNumbers: Predicate.Predicate<number> = (n) => n > 0
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category filtering
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   HashSet.filter(HashSet.make(-2, -1, 0, 1, 2), filterPositiveNumbers),
+   *   HashSet.make(1, 2)
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
   <A>(self: HashSet<A>, predicate: Predicate<A>): HashSet<A>
 } = HS.filter
@@ -537,52 +2136,168 @@ export const filter: {
  * right side of the resulting `Tuple`, otherwise the value will be placed into
  * the left side.
  *
+ * Time complexity is of **`O(n)`**.
+ *
+ * @memberof HashSet
  * @since 2.0.0
  * @category partitioning
+ * @example **Syntax** with {@link Predicate}
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe, Predicate } from "effect"
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+ * pipe(
+ *   HashSet.make(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5),
+ *   HashSet.partition((n) => n % 2 === 0)
+ * )
+ *
+ * // or with the pipe method
+ * HashSet.make(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5).pipe(
+ *   HashSet.partition((n) => n % 2 === 0)
+ * )
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API
+ * HashSet.partition(HashSet.make(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), (n) => n % 2 === 0)
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example **Syntax** with {@link Refinement}
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * import { HashSet, pipe, Predicate } from "effect"
+ *
+ * const stringRefinement: Predicate.Refinement<string | number, string> = (
+ *   value
+ * ) => typeof value === "string"
+ *
+ * // with `data-last`, a.k.a. `pipeable` API
+ * pipe(
+ *   HashSet.make(1, "unos", 2, "two", 3, "trois", 4, "vier"),
+ *   HashSet.partition(stringRefinement)
+ * )
+ *
+ * // or with the pipe method
+ * HashSet.make(1, "unos", 2, "two", 3, "trois", 4, "vier").pipe(
+ *   HashSet.partition(stringRefinement)
+ * )
+ *
+ * // or with `data-first` API
+ * HashSet.partition(
+ *   HashSet.make(1, "unos", 2, "two", 3, "trois", 4, "vier"),
+ *   stringRefinement
+ * )
+ * ```
  */
 export const partition: {
   /**
-   * Partition the values of a `HashSet` using the specified predicate.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe, Predicate } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
    *
-   * If a value matches the predicate, it will be placed into the `HashSet` on the
-   * right side of the resulting `Tuple`, otherwise the value will be placed into
-   * the left side.
+   * const numbersAndStringsHashSet: HashSet.HashSet<number | string> =
+   *   HashSet.make(1, "unos", 2, "two", 3, "trois", 4, "vier")
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category partitioning
+   * const stringRefinement: Predicate.Refinement<
+   *   string | number,
+   *   string
+   * > = (value) => typeof value === "string"
+   *
+   * const [
+   *   excluded, // HashSet.HashSet<number>
+   *   satisfying // HashSet.HashSet<string>
+   * ] = pipe(numbersAndStringsHashSet, HashSet.partition(stringRefinement))
+   *
+   * assert.equal(pipe(satisfying, HashSet.every(Predicate.isString)), true)
+   * assert.equal(pipe(excluded, HashSet.every(Predicate.isNumber)), true)
+   *
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(excluded, HashSet.make(1, 2, 3, 4))
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   satisfying,
+   *   HashSet.make("unos", "two", "trois", "vier")
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
-  <A, B extends A>(refinement: Refinement<NoInfer<A>, B>): (self: HashSet<A>) => [excluded: HashSet<Exclude<A, B>>, satisfying: HashSet<B>]
+  <A, B extends A>(
+    refinement: Refinement<NoInfer<A>, B>
+  ): (
+    self: HashSet<A>
+  ) => [excluded: HashSet<Exclude<A, B>>, satisfying: HashSet<B>]
+
   /**
-   * Partition the values of a `HashSet` using the specified predicate.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
    *
-   * If a value matches the predicate, it will be placed into the `HashSet` on the
-   * right side of the resulting `Tuple`, otherwise the value will be placed into
-   * the left side.
+   * const [excluded, satisfying] = pipe(
+   *   HashSet.make(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5),
+   *   HashSet.partition((n) => n % 2 === 0)
+   * )
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category partitioning
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(excluded, HashSet.make(1, 3, 5))
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(satisfying, HashSet.make(0, 2, 4))
+   * ```
    */
-  <A>(predicate: Predicate<NoInfer<A>>): (self: HashSet<A>) => [excluded: HashSet<A>, satisfying: HashSet<A>]
+  <A>(
+    predicate: Predicate<NoInfer<A>>
+  ): (self: HashSet<A>) => [excluded: HashSet<A>, satisfying: HashSet<A>]
+
   /**
-   * Partition the values of a `HashSet` using the specified predicate.
+   * @example
    *
-   * If a value matches the predicate, it will be placed into the `HashSet` on the
-   * right side of the resulting `Tuple`, otherwise the value will be placed into
-   * the left side.
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet, pipe, Predicate } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category partitioning
+   * const numbersAndStringsHashSet: HashSet.HashSet<number | string> =
+   *   HashSet.make(1, "unos", 2, "two", 3, "trois", 4, "vier")
+   *
+   * const stringRefinement: Predicate.Refinement<
+   *   string | number,
+   *   string
+   * > = (value) => typeof value === "string"
+   *
+   * const [
+   *   excluded, // HashSet.HashSet<number>
+   *   satisfying // HashSet.HashSet<string>
+   * ] = HashSet.partition(numbersAndStringsHashSet, stringRefinement)
+   *
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.every(satisfying, Predicate.isString), true)
+   * assert.equal(HashSet.every(excluded, Predicate.isNumber), true)
+   *
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(excluded, HashSet.make(1, 2, 3, 4))
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(
+   *   satisfying,
+   *   HashSet.make("unos", "two", "trois", "vier")
+   * )
+   * ```
    */
-  <A, B extends A>(self: HashSet<A>, refinement: Refinement<A, B>): [excluded: HashSet<Exclude<A, B>>, satisfying: HashSet<B>]
+  <A, B extends A>(
+    self: HashSet<A>,
+    refinement: Refinement<A, B>
+  ): [excluded: HashSet<Exclude<A, B>>, satisfying: HashSet<B>]
+
   /**
-   * Partition the values of a `HashSet` using the specified predicate.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * ```ts
+   * import { HashSet } from "effect"
+   * import * as assert from "node:assert/strict"
    *
-   * If a value matches the predicate, it will be placed into the `HashSet` on the
-   * right side of the resulting `Tuple`, otherwise the value will be placed into
-   * the left side.
+   * const [excluded, satisfying] = HashSet.partition(
+   *   HashSet.make(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5),
+   *   (n) => n % 2 === 0
+   * )
    *
-   * @since 2.0.0
-   * @category partitioning
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(excluded, HashSet.make(1, 3, 5))
+   * assert.deepStrictEqual(satisfying, HashSet.make(0, 2, 4))
+   * ```
    */
-  <A>(self: HashSet<A>, predicate: Predicate<A>): [excluded: HashSet<A>, satisfying: HashSet<A>]
+  <A>(
+    self: HashSet<A>,
+    predicate: Predicate<A>
+  ): [excluded: HashSet<A>, satisfying: HashSet<A>]
 } = HS.partition