effect-agent 0.1.0-beta.15 → 0.1.0-beta.151

package/src/durable/internal/worker-host.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,3309 @@
+import {
+  Cause,
+  Clock,
+  Context,
+  Crypto,
+  DateTime,
+  Duration,
+  Effect,
+  Option,
+  Schema,
+  Stream,
+} from "effect";
+
+import type * as Agent from "../../core/Agent.ts";
+import { AgentPolicy } from "../../core/AgentPolicy.ts";
+import { Update, UpdateError } from "../../core/AgentUpdates.ts";
+import { ThreadId, type AgentId, type SubmissionId } from "../../core/Identifiers.ts";
+import { MessageRef, type MessageStatus } from "../../core/Messaging.ts";
+import { IdempotencyKey, Receipt } from "../../core/Receipt.ts";
+import { SubagentDelegationCaps, SubagentGrant } from "../../core/SubagentContract.ts";
+import {
+  type WorkerSummary,
+  type WorkerStarted,
+  WorkerCompletion,
+  FrameworkMessage,
+  WorkerUpdate,
+  WorkerError,
+  WorkerHistoryEntry,
+  type WorkerContext,
+  WorkerRef,
+  WorkerStop,
+} from "../../core/Worker.ts";
+import {
+  type SubagentHost,
+  type DeferredStartWorkerRequest,
+  type DeferredFollowUpWorkerRequest,
+  type FollowUpWorkerRequest,
+  type StartWorkerRequest,
+  type WorkerObservation,
+  type WorkerReceiptRequest,
+  type WorkerRunReport,
+} from "../../engine/SubagentHost.ts";
+import { digestJson } from "../Digest.ts";
+import type {
+  DurableAbortFailure,
+  DurableAwaitFailure,
+  DurableSubmitFailure,
+  DurableSubmitOptions,
+} from "../DurableAgentRuntime.ts";
+import {
+  DurableRuntimeFailpoint,
+  type DurableRuntimeFailpointLocation,
+} from "../DurableFailpoint.ts";
+import {
+  MessageDeliveryDriver,
+  MessageDeliveryStore,
+  prepareMessageDelivery,
+  type MessageDeliveryRecord,
+} from "../MessageDelivery.ts";
+import { PreparedInputAdmission } from "../PreparedInputAdmission.ts";
+import {
+  BatchId,
+  CanonicalBatch,
+  CanonicalSequence,
+  type Digest,
+  type DeploymentId,
+  type ProducerId,
+  RecordEnvelope,
+  RecordId,
+  WorkerAdmission,
+  WorkerInputRequested,
+  WorkerStopRequested,
+  WorkerOrigin,
+  WorkerContinuation,
+  WorkerInputCompleted,
+  WorkerReportPrepared,
+  WorkerReportRefused,
+  WorkerReportingIntent,
+  SubtreeBudgetReserved,
+  PersistedJson,
+} from "../Records.ts";
+import {
+  workerInputRecordId,
+  agentUpdateRecordId,
+  firstWorkerInputRecordId,
+  workerOriginRecordId,
+  workerReportRecordId,
+} from "../RunJournal.ts";
+import {
+  type ScheduledInputFailure,
+  ScheduledInputRefused,
+  ScheduledInputRetryable,
+} from "../Schedule.ts";
+import {
+  SubmissionLedger,
+  WorkerLedgerState,
+  LedgerError,
+  AbortCommand,
+  type AbortIntent,
+  type Principal,
+  type Settlement,
+  SubmissionLookupById,
+  submissionSettlementRecordId,
+  type SubmissionSnapshot,
+} from "../SubmissionLedger.ts";
+import type { SubmissionStatus } from "../SubmissionStatus.ts";
+import { PreparedInput } from "../Subscription.ts";
+import {
+  ThreadIdentityRequest,
+  ThreadStore,
+  getRecord,
+  getRunInput,
+  readWorkerState as readNativeWorkerState,
+  FencedAppendRequest,
+  ThreadExportRequest,
+  type ThreadExport,
+  MAX_THREAD_EXPORT_RECORDS,
+  ThreadRead,
+  type ThreadTail,
+  ThreadTailRequest,
+} from "../ThreadStore.ts";
+import {
+  WorkerBudgetAuthorizer,
+  WorkerConcurrencyLimit,
+  WorkerConcurrencyResolver,
+  WorkerHostAuthorizer,
+  WorkerHostConfig,
+  WorkerPolicyResolver,
+  type WorkerPolicyTarget,
+  type WorkerStartAdmission,
+} from "../WorkerHost.ts";
+import {
+  definitionDigestsEqual,
+  resolveDefinitionBinding,
+  type ResolvedBinding,
+} from "./agent-registration.ts";
+import { lastWorkerReportMessageId } from "./agent-updates.ts";
+import { messageStatus } from "./message-status.ts";
+import { ensureWorkerOrigin } from "./thread-initialization.ts";
+
+const failure = (
+  operation: WorkerError["operation"],
+  reason: WorkerError["reason"],
+  cause?: unknown,
+) => WorkerError.make({ operation, reason, ...(cause === undefined ? {} : { cause }) });
+
+const storageFailure = (operation: WorkerError["operation"]) => (cause: unknown) =>
+  failure(operation, "storage", cause);
+
+const decode = <S extends Schema.Top>(
+  schema: S,
+  value: unknown,
+  operation: WorkerError["operation"],
+) =>
+  Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Schema.toType(schema))(value).pipe(
+    Effect.mapError((cause) => failure(operation, "corrupt", cause)),
+  );
+
+const sameOrigin = Schema.toEquivalence(WorkerOrigin);
+const sameAdmission = Schema.toEquivalence(WorkerAdmission);
+const sameReporting = Schema.toEquivalence(Schema.UndefinedOr(WorkerReportingIntent));
+const sameJson = Schema.toEquivalence(PersistedJson);
+const sameCaps = Schema.toEquivalence(SubagentDelegationCaps);
+const samePolicy = Schema.toEquivalence(AgentPolicy);
+
+const amountCaps = [
+  ["turns", "maxTurns"],
+  ["toolCalls", "maxToolCalls"],
+  ["durationMillis", "maxDurationMillis"],
+  ["inputTokens", "maxInputTokens"],
+  ["outputTokens", "maxOutputTokens"],
+  ["costMicrousd", "maxCostMicrousd"],
+  ["resultBytes", "maxResultBytes"],
+] as const;
+
+const sourceCaps = (policy: AgentPolicy): SubagentDelegationCaps =>
+  SubagentDelegationCaps.make({
+    maxTotalChildInvocations: policy.maxToolCalls,
+    maxConcurrentChildren: policy.toolConcurrency,
+    maxTurns: policy.maxTurns,
+    maxToolCalls: policy.maxToolCalls,
+    maxDurationMillis: Math.ceil(Duration.toMillis(policy.maxDuration)),
+    maxResultBytes: Math.min(
+      Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER,
+      policy.toolResultBounds.maxBytes * policy.maxToolCalls,
+    ),
+    ...(policy.tokenBudget === undefined
+      ? {}
+      : { maxInputTokens: policy.tokenBudget, maxOutputTokens: policy.tokenBudget }),
+    ...(policy.costBudgetMicrousd === undefined
+      ? {}
+      : { maxCostMicrousd: policy.costBudgetMicrousd }),
+  });
+
+const withinPolicy = (origin: WorkerOrigin, source: AgentPolicy, target: AgentPolicy): boolean => {
+  const policy = origin.policy;
+  const allocation = origin.budget.allocation;
+  const caps = origin.budget.caps;
+  const ceilings = sourceCaps(source);
+
+  for (const [, name] of origin.budgetScope === "worker-run" ? [] : amountCaps) {
+    if (caps[name] !== undefined && ceilings[name] !== undefined && caps[name] > ceilings[name])
+      return false;
+  }
+  if (
+    origin.budgetScope !== "worker-run" &&
+    ((caps.maxTotalChildInvocations !== undefined &&
+      caps.maxTotalChildInvocations > source.maxToolCalls) ||
+      (caps.maxConcurrentChildren !== undefined &&
+        caps.maxConcurrentChildren > source.toolConcurrency))
+  )
+    return false;
+  const tokenCeiling = Math.min(source.tokenBudget ?? Infinity, target.tokenBudget ?? Infinity);
+
+  const costCeiling = Math.min(
+    source.costBudgetMicrousd ?? Infinity,
+    target.costBudgetMicrousd ?? Infinity,
+  );
+
+  return (
+    policy.maxTurns <= Math.min(allocation.turns, source.maxTurns, target.maxTurns) &&
+    policy.maxToolCalls <=
+      Math.min(allocation.toolCalls, source.maxToolCalls, target.maxToolCalls) &&
+    Duration.toMillis(policy.maxDuration) <=
+      Math.min(
+        allocation.durationMillis,
+        Duration.toMillis(source.maxDuration),
+        Duration.toMillis(target.maxDuration),
+      ) &&
+    policy.toolConcurrency <= Math.min(source.toolConcurrency, target.toolConcurrency) &&
+    policy.toolResultBounds.maxBytes <=
+      Math.min(source.toolResultBounds.maxBytes, target.toolResultBounds.maxBytes) &&
+    (tokenCeiling === Infinity ||
+      (policy.tokenBudget !== undefined && policy.tokenBudget <= tokenCeiling)) &&
+    (costCeiling === Infinity ||
+      (policy.costBudgetMicrousd !== undefined && policy.costBudgetMicrousd <= costCeiling)) &&
+    (source.tokenBudget === undefined ||
+      (allocation.inputTokens > 0 &&
+        allocation.outputTokens > 0 &&
+        policy.tokenBudget !== undefined &&
+        policy.tokenBudget <= allocation.inputTokens + allocation.outputTokens)) &&
+    (source.costBudgetMicrousd === undefined ||
+      (policy.costBudgetMicrousd !== undefined &&
+        policy.costBudgetMicrousd <= allocation.costMicrousd))
+  );
+};
+
+export interface WorkerRuntimeOptions {
+  readonly bindings: ReadonlyArray<ResolvedBinding>;
+  readonly deploymentId: DeploymentId;
+  readonly producerId: ProducerId;
+  readonly settlementPollInterval: Duration.Duration;
+}
+
+/** Admission and cancellation enter the owning runtime, never the raw ledger. */
+export class WorkerInputControl extends Context.Service<
+  WorkerInputControl,
+  {
+    readonly submit: (envelope: PreparedInput) => Effect.Effect<Receipt, DurableSubmitFailure>;
+    readonly status: (
+      receipt: Receipt,
+    ) => Effect.Effect<SubmissionStatus, DurableAwaitFailure | ScheduledInputFailure>;
+    readonly abort: (command: AbortCommand) => Effect.Effect<AbortIntent, DurableAbortFailure>;
+  }
+>()("@effect-agent/thread/internal/WorkerInputControl") {}
+
+const CurrentStartPreparation = Context.Reference<WorkerStartAdmission | undefined>(
+  "@effect-agent/thread/internal/CurrentStartPreparation",
+  { defaultValue: () => undefined },
+);
+
+const CurrentStartDelivery = Context.Reference<
+  | {
+      readonly authorization: WorkerStartAdmission;
+      readonly admission: WorkerAdmission;
+      readonly inputDigest: Digest;
+    }
+  | undefined
+>("@effect-agent/thread/internal/CurrentStartDelivery", { defaultValue: () => undefined });
+
+/** No in-memory ownership: every mutation is reserved in source canonical history with CAS. */
+export const makeWorkerRuntime = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.make")(function* (
+  options: WorkerRuntimeOptions,
+) {
+  const control = yield* WorkerInputControl;
+  // A routed read may belong to another owner; capture it before exposing worker operations.
+  const admission = yield* Effect.serviceOption(PreparedInputAdmission);
+
+  const deps = {
+    ...options,
+    ...control,
+    store: yield* ThreadStore,
+    ledger: yield* SubmissionLedger,
+    deliveries: yield* Effect.serviceOption(MessageDeliveryStore),
+    crypto: yield* Crypto.Crypto,
+    authorizer: yield* WorkerHostAuthorizer,
+    budgetAuthorizer: yield* WorkerBudgetAuthorizer,
+    policyResolver: yield* WorkerPolicyResolver,
+    concurrencyResolver: yield* WorkerConcurrencyResolver,
+    limits: yield* WorkerHostConfig,
+    failpoint: yield* DurableRuntimeFailpoint,
+    status: Option.getOrUndefined(admission)?.submissionStatus ?? control.status,
+  };
+
+  const withCrypto = <A, E>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, Crypto.Crypto>) =>
+    Effect.provideService(effect, Crypto.Crypto, deps.crypto);
+
+  const currentStart = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
+    admission: WorkerStartAdmission | undefined,
+    sourceThreadId: ThreadId,
+    sourceSubmissionId: SubmissionId | undefined,
+    principal: Principal,
+    targetAgentId: AgentId,
+    continuationOf: WorkerContinuation | undefined,
+  ) {
+    if (
+      admission === undefined ||
+      admission.sourceThreadId !== sourceThreadId ||
+      admission.sourceSubmissionId !== sourceSubmissionId ||
+      (admission.principal !== principal && admission.requestedPrincipal !== principal) ||
+      admission.targetAgentId !== targetAgentId ||
+      !Schema.toEquivalence(Schema.UndefinedOr(WorkerContinuation))(
+        admission.continuationOf,
+        continuationOf,
+      )
+    )
+      return undefined;
+
+    const tail = yield* deps.store
+      .inspectTail(ThreadTailRequest.make({ threadId: sourceThreadId }))
+      .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("start")));
+
+    return tail.tailSequence === admission.tailSequence && tail.tailDigest === admission.tailDigest
+      ? admission
+      : undefined;
+  });
+
+  const authorizeBudget = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.authorizeBudget")(function* (
+    origin: WorkerOrigin,
+    principal: Principal,
+    admission?: WorkerStartAdmission,
+  ) {
+    yield* verifyContinuation(origin);
+    if (origin.budgetScope !== "worker-run") return;
+    // Independence changes accounting ownership, never delegation generations.
+    if (origin.depth !== 1) return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+
+    yield* deps.budgetAuthorizer.authorize({
+      ...(admission === undefined ? {} : { admission }),
+      source: origin.source,
+      principal,
+      worker: origin.worker,
+      ...(origin.continuationOf === undefined ? {} : { continuationOf: origin.continuationOf }),
+      policy: origin.policy,
+      budget: origin.budget,
+    });
+  });
+
+  const read = (threadId: ThreadId, operation: WorkerError["operation"]) =>
+    deps.store
+      .export(ThreadExportRequest.make({ threadId }))
+      .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)));
+
+  const exactRecord = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.exactRecord")(function* (
+    threadId: ThreadId,
+    recordId: RecordId,
+    operation: WorkerError["operation"],
+  ) {
+    return yield* getRecord({ threadId, recordId }).pipe(
+      Effect.provideService(ThreadStore, deps.store),
+      Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)),
+    );
+  });
+
+  const completedContinuation = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.completedContinuation")(function* (
+    source: WorkerContext["source"],
+    worker: WorkerRef,
+    targetAgentId: AgentId,
+    delegationId: WorkerRef["delegationId"],
+    expected?: WorkerContinuation,
+  ) {
+    const selected = yield* decode(WorkerRef, worker, "start");
+
+    if (
+      selected.targetAgentId !== targetAgentId ||
+      selected.delegationId !== delegationId ||
+      selected.threadId === source.threadId ||
+      deps.ledger.inspectWorker === undefined
+    )
+      return yield* failure("start", "worker-mismatch");
+    const sourceState = yield* readWorkerState(source.threadId, "start");
+
+    if (
+      sourceState.records.some(
+        ({ record }) =>
+          record.payload._tag === "WorkerStopRequested" &&
+          record.payload.command.worker.threadId === selected.threadId,
+      )
+    )
+      return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+
+    const first = sourceState.records.find(
+      ({ record }) => record.recordId === firstWorkerInputRecordId(selected),
+    )?.record.payload;
+
+    const origin = first?._tag === "WorkerInputRequested" ? first.admission.origin : undefined;
+
+    if (
+      origin === undefined ||
+      origin.lifecycle !== "assignment" ||
+      !Schema.toEquivalence(WorkerRef)(origin.worker, selected) ||
+      origin.source.threadId !== source.threadId ||
+      origin.source.agentId !== source.agentId ||
+      first?._tag !== "WorkerInputRequested" ||
+      first.admission.messageId !== origin.firstMessageId
+    )
+      return yield* failure("start", "worker-mismatch");
+
+    const recorded = Option.getOrUndefined(
+      yield* exactRecord(selected.threadId, workerOriginRecordId(selected.threadId), "start"),
+    )?.record.payload;
+
+    if (recorded?._tag !== "WorkerOriginRecorded" || !sameOrigin(recorded.origin, origin))
+      return yield* failure("start", "worker-mismatch");
+
+    const control = yield* deps.ledger
+      .inspectWorker(selected.threadId)
+      .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("start")));
+
+    if (control.terminal !== "completed" || !control.stopped || control.active !== null)
+      return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+
+    const tail = yield* deps.store
+      .inspectTail(ThreadTailRequest.make({ threadId: selected.threadId }))
+      .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("start")));
+
+    const execution = yield* deps.store
+      .read({
+        threadId: selected.threadId,
+        selection: {
+          _tag: "WorkerExecution",
+          expectedTailSequence: tail.tailSequence,
+          expectedTailDigest: tail.tailDigest,
+        },
+        page: { limit: 2 },
+      })
+      .pipe(Stream.runCollect, Effect.mapError(storageFailure("start")));
+
+    const run = execution.find(({ record }) => record.payload._tag === "RunStarted")?.record
+      .payload;
+
+    if (run?._tag !== "RunStarted") return yield* failure("start", "corrupt");
+
+    const input = Option.getOrUndefined(
+      yield* getRunInput({ threadId: selected.threadId, runId: run.runId }).pipe(
+        Effect.provideService(ThreadStore, deps.store),
+        Effect.mapError(storageFailure("start")),
+      ),
+    )?.record.payload;
+
+    if (input?._tag !== "UserInputRecorded" || input.submissionId === undefined)
+      return yield* failure("start", "corrupt");
+
+    const found = yield* deps.ledger
+      .lookup(SubmissionLookupById.make({ submissionId: input.submissionId }))
+      .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("start")));
+
+    const row = Option.getOrUndefined(found);
+
+    const settlement = Option.getOrUndefined(
+      yield* exactRecord(
+        selected.threadId,
+        submissionSettlementRecordId(input.submissionId),
+        "start",
+      ),
+    )?.record.payload;
+
+    if (
+      row === undefined ||
+      row.threadId !== selected.threadId ||
+      row.state !== "settled" ||
+      row.settledOutcome !== "completed" ||
+      row.workerAdmission === undefined ||
+      !sameOrigin(row.workerAdmission.origin, origin) ||
+      settlement?._tag !== "SubmissionSettled" ||
+      settlement.outcome !== "completed" ||
+      settlement.runDisposition !== "completed" ||
+      settlement.finishReason !== undefined ||
+      settlement.runId !== run.runId ||
+      settlement.submissionId !== row.submissionId ||
+      settlement.receiptId !== row.receiptId
+    )
+      return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+
+    const evidence = WorkerContinuation.make({
+      worker: selected,
+      receipt: Receipt.make({
+        threadId: row.threadId,
+        submissionId: row.submissionId,
+        receiptId: row.receiptId,
+        queueSequence: row.queueSequence,
+      }),
+      settlementId: settlement.settlementId,
+    });
+
+    if (expected !== undefined && !Schema.toEquivalence(WorkerContinuation)(expected, evidence))
+      return yield* failure("start", "worker-mismatch");
+
+    return { evidence, origin };
+  });
+
+  const verifyContinuation = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.verifyContinuation")(function* (
+    origin: WorkerOrigin,
+  ) {
+    if (origin.continuationOf === undefined) return;
+
+    const previous = yield* completedContinuation(
+      origin.source,
+      origin.continuationOf.worker,
+      origin.worker.targetAgentId,
+      origin.worker.delegationId,
+      origin.continuationOf,
+    );
+
+    if (
+      origin.worker.threadId === previous.origin.worker.threadId ||
+      origin.lifecycle !== "assignment" ||
+      !samePolicy(origin.policy, previous.origin.policy) ||
+      !Schema.toEquivalence(WorkerOrigin.fields.budget)(origin.budget, previous.origin.budget) ||
+      !Schema.toEquivalence(SubagentGrant)(origin.grant, previous.origin.grant) ||
+      origin.budgetScope !== previous.origin.budgetScope ||
+      origin.depth !== previous.origin.depth ||
+      origin.toolCallAllowance !== previous.origin.toolCallAllowance ||
+      origin.expiresAtMillis > previous.origin.expiresAtMillis
+    )
+      return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+  });
+
+  const readIdentity = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.readIdentity")(function* (
+    threadId: ThreadId,
+    operation: WorkerError["operation"],
+  ) {
+    return yield* deps.store
+      .readIdentity(ThreadIdentityRequest.make({ threadId }))
+      .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)));
+  });
+
+  const readWorkerState = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.readWorkerState")(function* (
+    threadId: ThreadId,
+    operation: WorkerError["operation"],
+    sourceSubmissionId?: SubmissionId,
+  ) {
+    return yield* readNativeWorkerState({
+      threadId,
+      limit: MAX_THREAD_EXPORT_RECORDS,
+      ...(sourceSubmissionId === undefined ? {} : { sourceSubmissionId }),
+    }).pipe(
+      Effect.provideService(ThreadStore, deps.store),
+      Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)),
+    );
+  });
+
+  const hit = (location: DurableRuntimeFailpointLocation, operation: WorkerError["operation"]) =>
+    deps.failpoint.hit(location).pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)));
+
+  const append = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.append")(
+    function* (
+      threadId: ThreadId,
+      id: string,
+      payload:
+        | WorkerStopRequested
+        | WorkerInputRequested
+        | WorkerInputCompleted
+        | WorkerReportPrepared
+        | WorkerReportRefused
+        | SubtreeBudgetReserved,
+      current: Pick<ThreadExport, "tailSequence" | "tailDigest" | "records"> &
+        Partial<Pick<ThreadTail, "producerEpoch">>,
+      phase: "source" | "completion" | "subtree" | "report" | "stop",
+      acknowledgements: ReadonlyArray<WorkerInputCompleted> = [],
+    ) {
+      const operation = "start";
+      let producerEpoch = current.producerEpoch;
+
+      if (producerEpoch === undefined) {
+        const tail = yield* deps.store.inspectTail(ThreadTailRequest.make({ threadId }));
+
+        if (tail.tailSequence !== current.tailSequence || tail.tailDigest !== current.tailDigest)
+          return false;
+        producerEpoch = tail.producerEpoch;
+      }
+
+      // The store atomically fences the validated prefix and its producer epoch.
+      yield* hit(`worker:before-${phase}-append`, operation);
+
+      const result = yield* deps.store
+        .append(
+          FencedAppendRequest.make({
+            threadId,
+            producerEpoch,
+            expectedTailSequence: current.tailSequence,
+            expectedTailDigest: current.tailDigest,
+            batch: CanonicalBatch.make({
+              batchId: Schema.decodeSync(BatchId)(id),
+              producerId: deps.producerId,
+              records: [
+                RecordEnvelope.make({
+                  recordId: Schema.decodeSync(RecordId)(id),
+                  family: "thread",
+                  schemaVersion: 1,
+                  createdAt: DateTime.makeUnsafe(
+                    payload._tag === "WorkerInputRequested"
+                      ? payload.admission.createdAtMillis
+                      : payload._tag === "WorkerInputCompleted"
+                        ? payload.completedAtMillis
+                        : yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis,
+                  ),
+                  deploymentId: deps.deploymentId,
+                  payload,
+                }),
+                ...acknowledgements.map((completion) =>
+                  RecordEnvelope.make({
+                    recordId: Schema.decodeSync(RecordId)(
+                      `worker-effects-resolved:${completion.messageId}`,
+                    ),
+                    family: "thread",
+                    schemaVersion: 1,
+                    createdAt: DateTime.makeUnsafe(completion.completedAtMillis),
+                    deploymentId: deps.deploymentId,
+                    payload: completion,
+                  }),
+                ),
+              ],
+            }),
+          }),
+        )
+        .pipe(
+          Effect.as(true),
+          Effect.catchTag(["AppendConflict", "FenceRejected"], () => Effect.succeed(false)),
+        );
+
+      if (result) yield* hit(`worker:after-${phase}-append`, operation);
+
+      return result;
+    },
+    Effect.mapError(storageFailure("start")),
+  );
+
+  const requests = (records: Effect.Success<ReturnType<typeof read>>["records"]) =>
+    records.flatMap(({ record }) =>
+      record.payload._tag === "WorkerInputRequested" ? [record.payload] : [],
+    );
+
+  const completedMessageIds = (records: ThreadExport["records"]) =>
+    new Set<string>(
+      records.flatMap(({ record }) =>
+        record.payload._tag === "WorkerInputCompleted" && record.payload.effectsResolved
+          ? [record.payload.messageId]
+          : [],
+      ),
+    );
+
+  // Read exact child receipts only under capacity pressure. Collect in source order so
+  // parallel foreign reads cannot change the canonical acknowledgement batch order.
+  const completedInputs = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.completedInputs")(function* (
+    rows: ReadonlyArray<WorkerInputRequested>,
+    sourceRecords: ThreadExport["records"],
+  ) {
+    const completed = completedMessageIds(sourceRecords);
+
+    const receipts = yield* Effect.forEach(
+      rows.filter(({ admission }) => !completed.has(admission.messageId)),
+      Effect.fnUntraced(function* ({ admission }) {
+        const receipt = Option.getOrUndefined(
+          yield* getRecord({
+            threadId: admission.origin.worker.threadId,
+            recordId: Schema.decodeSync(RecordId)(`worker-effects-resolved:${admission.messageId}`),
+          }).pipe(
+            Effect.provideService(ThreadStore, deps.store),
+            // An unmaterialized reservation still consumes capacity.
+            Effect.catchTag("ThreadNotMaterialized", () => Effect.succeed(Option.none())),
+            Effect.mapError(storageFailure("start")),
+          ),
+        )?.record.payload;
+
+        if (receipt === undefined) return;
+        if (
+          receipt._tag !== "WorkerInputCompleted" ||
+          !receipt.effectsResolved ||
+          receipt.messageId !== admission.messageId ||
+          receipt.workerThreadId !== admission.origin.worker.threadId
+        )
+          return yield* failure("start", "corrupt");
+
+        return receipt;
+      }),
+      { concurrency: 8 },
+    );
+
+    const acknowledgements = receipts.filter((receipt) => receipt !== undefined);
+
+    for (const receipt of acknowledgements) completed.add(receipt.messageId);
+
+    return { completed, acknowledgements };
+  });
+
+  const reportIntent = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.reportIntent")(function* (
+    source: ResolvedBinding,
+    target: ResolvedBinding,
+    delegationId: WorkerRef["delegationId"],
+    authority: Effect.Success<ReturnType<typeof sourceAuthority>>,
+  ): Effect.fn.Return<WorkerOrigin["reporting"], WorkerError> {
+    const reports = source.reporting?.filter((entry) => entry.delegationId === delegationId) ?? [];
+    const report = reports[0];
+
+    if (report === undefined) return undefined;
+    if (reports.length !== 1 || !Object.is(report.target, target.definition))
+      return yield* failure("start", "declaration-unavailable");
+
+    const submission = authority.submission;
+
+    if (
+      submission === undefined ||
+      (authority.depth !== 0 && submission.workerAdmission === undefined)
+    )
+      return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+
+    const retained =
+      submission.workerAdmission === undefined
+        ? undefined
+        : yield* Schema.encodeEffect(WorkerAdmission)(submission.workerAdmission).pipe(
+            Effect.flatMap(Schema.decodeEffect(PersistedJson)),
+            Effect.mapError(storageFailure("start")),
+          );
+
+    return {
+      sourceDigests: source.digests,
+      mode: "standard",
+      returnAddress: {
+        input: submission.inputPayload,
+        principal: submission.principal,
+        policy: authority.policy,
+        depth: authority.depth,
+        ...(authority.grant === undefined ? {} : { grant: authority.grant }),
+        ...(retained === undefined ? {} : { workerAdmission: retained }),
+      },
+    };
+  });
+
+  const currentBinding = (agentId: AgentId): ResolvedBinding | undefined => {
+    const matches = deps.bindings.filter((entry) => entry.agentId === agentId);
+
+    return matches.length === 1 ? matches[0] : undefined;
+  };
+
+  const sourceAuthority = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.sourceAuthority")(function* (
+    threadId: ThreadId,
+    submissionId?: SubmissionId,
+    reservations = false,
+  ) {
+    const current = yield* reservations
+      ? readWorkerState(threadId, "start", submissionId)
+      : readIdentity(threadId, "start");
+
+    const created = current.records[0]?.record.payload;
+
+    if (created?._tag !== "ThreadCreated" || current.records[0]?.sequence !== 1)
+      return yield* failure("start", "not-found");
+
+    const binding = currentBinding(created.agentId);
+
+    const worker = current.records.find(
+      ({ record }) => record.payload._tag === "WorkerOriginRecorded",
+    )?.record.payload;
+
+    const attached = current.records.find(
+      ({ record }) => record.payload._tag === "SubagentLineageRecorded",
+    )?.record.payload;
+
+    const nested =
+      worker?._tag === "WorkerOriginRecorded" || attached?._tag === "SubagentLineageRecorded";
+
+    let ownerSubmission: SubmissionSnapshot | undefined;
+
+    if (nested && submissionId === undefined) return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+    if (submissionId !== undefined) {
+      const submission = yield* deps.ledger
+        .lookup(SubmissionLookupById.make({ submissionId }))
+        .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("start")));
+
+      if (
+        Option.isNone(submission) ||
+        submission.value.threadId !== threadId ||
+        (nested && submission.value.agentId !== created.agentId)
+      )
+        return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+      ownerSubmission = submission.value;
+      if (
+        worker?._tag === "WorkerOriginRecorded" &&
+        (submission.value.workerAdmission === undefined ||
+          !sameOrigin(submission.value.workerAdmission.origin, worker.origin))
+      )
+        return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+      if (
+        attached?._tag === "SubagentLineageRecorded" &&
+        (submission.value.parentLinkage?.parentSubmissionId !== attached.parentSubmissionId ||
+          submission.value.parentLinkage.parentToolCallId !== attached.parentLink.parentToolCallId)
+      )
+        return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+    }
+
+    const ownerBinding =
+      ownerSubmission === undefined ? undefined : currentBinding(ownerSubmission.agentId);
+
+    const selectedBinding = ownerBinding ?? binding;
+
+    if (worker?._tag === "WorkerOriginRecorded")
+      return {
+        current,
+        binding: selectedBinding,
+        submission: ownerSubmission,
+        policyOverride: Option.none<AgentPolicy>(),
+        policy: worker.origin.policy,
+        budget: worker.origin.budget,
+        budgetScope: worker.origin.budgetScope,
+        grant: worker.origin.grant,
+        depth: worker.origin.depth,
+      };
+    if (attached?._tag === "SubagentLineageRecorded") {
+      if (
+        attached.policy === undefined ||
+        attached.budget === undefined ||
+        attached.grant === undefined
+      )
+        return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+
+      return {
+        current,
+        binding: selectedBinding,
+        submission: ownerSubmission,
+        policyOverride: Option.none<AgentPolicy>(),
+        policy: attached.policy,
+        budget: attached.budget,
+        budgetScope: undefined,
+        grant: attached.grant,
+        depth: attached.parentLink.depth,
+      };
+    }
+
+    const changedRootAgent =
+      ownerSubmission !== undefined && ownerSubmission.agentId !== created.agentId;
+
+    // A root conversation may admit a new registered Agent after deployment.
+    // Its immutable owner input selects authority; child lineage never changes.
+    if (selectedBinding === undefined || (changedRootAgent && ownerBinding === undefined))
+      return yield* failure("start", "declaration-unavailable");
+
+    const selected = yield* deps.policyResolver.resolveSource({
+      threadId,
+      definition: selectedBinding.definition,
+      definitions: ownerSubmission?.agentDigests ?? selectedBinding.digests,
+      ...(ownerSubmission === undefined ? {} : { submission: ownerSubmission }),
+    });
+
+    if (Option.isSome(selected) && ownerSubmission !== undefined && ownerBinding === undefined)
+      return yield* failure("start", "declaration-unavailable");
+
+    const effectiveBinding =
+      Option.isSome(selected) || changedRootAgent || binding === undefined
+        ? selectedBinding
+        : binding;
+
+    if (effectiveBinding === undefined) return yield* failure("start", "declaration-unavailable");
+
+    const policy = Option.isNone(selected)
+      ? effectiveBinding.definition.policy
+      : yield* decode(AgentPolicy, selected.value, "start");
+
+    return {
+      current,
+      binding: effectiveBinding,
+      submission: ownerSubmission,
+      policyOverride: Option.map(selected, () => policy),
+      policy,
+      budget: undefined,
+      budgetScope: undefined,
+      grant: undefined,
+      depth: 0,
+    };
+  });
+
+  const resolveTargetPolicy = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.resolveTargetPolicy")(function* (
+    request: WorkerPolicyTarget,
+  ) {
+    const selected = yield* deps.policyResolver.resolveTarget(request);
+
+    if (Option.isNone(selected)) return selected;
+    const policy = yield* decode(AgentPolicy, selected.value, "start");
+
+    if (request._tag === "RetainedWorker" && !samePolicy(policy, request.origin.policy))
+      return yield* failure("start", "worker-mismatch");
+
+    return Option.some(policy);
+  });
+
+  const reserveSubtree = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.reserveSubtree")(function* (
+    sourceThreadId: ThreadId,
+    requested: SubtreeBudgetReserved,
+  ): Effect.fn.Return<void, WorkerError> {
+    const payload = yield* decode(SubtreeBudgetReserved, requested, "start");
+    const recordId = `subtree:${payload.reservationId}`;
+
+    for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 16; attempt++) {
+      const source = yield* sourceAuthority(sourceThreadId, payload.sourceSubmissionId, true);
+
+      const previous = source.current.records.find(({ record }) => record.recordId === recordId)
+        ?.record.payload;
+
+      if (previous !== undefined) {
+        if (
+          previous._tag !== "SubtreeBudgetReserved" ||
+          !Schema.toEquivalence(SubtreeBudgetReserved)(previous, payload)
+        )
+          return yield* failure("start", "idempotency-conflict");
+
+        return;
+      }
+      if (payload.depth !== source.depth + 1 || payload.depth > payload.grant.maxDepth)
+        return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+      const inherited = source.grant;
+      const lifetimes = inherited?.childLifetimes;
+
+      if (
+        inherited !== undefined &&
+        (payload.depth > inherited.maxDepth ||
+          payload.grant.maxDepth > inherited.maxDepth ||
+          (lifetimes !== undefined && !lifetimes.includes(payload.lifetime)) ||
+          payload.grant.allowedToolNames.some(
+            (name) => !inherited.allowedToolNames.includes(name),
+          ) ||
+          (lifetimes !== undefined &&
+            (payload.grant.childLifetimes ?? ["attached", "background"]).some(
+              (lifetime) => !lifetimes.includes(lifetime),
+            )))
+      )
+        return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+
+      const rows = source.current.records.flatMap(({ record }) =>
+        record.payload._tag === "SubtreeBudgetReserved" &&
+        record.payload.sourceSubmissionId === payload.sourceSubmissionId
+          ? [record.payload]
+          : [],
+      );
+
+      const caps = payload.budget.caps;
+
+      if (rows.some((row) => !sameCaps(row.budget.caps, caps)))
+        return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+
+      const own = {
+        turns: source.policy.maxTurns,
+        toolCalls: source.policy.maxToolCalls,
+        durationMillis: Math.ceil(Duration.toMillis(source.policy.maxDuration)),
+        inputTokens: source.policy.tokenBudget ?? source.budget?.allocation.inputTokens ?? 0,
+        outputTokens: source.policy.tokenBudget ?? source.budget?.allocation.outputTokens ?? 0,
+        costMicrousd:
+          source.policy.costBudgetMicrousd ?? source.budget?.allocation.costMicrousd ?? 0,
+        resultBytes: source.policy.toolResultBounds.maxBytes,
+      };
+
+      const ceilings = sourceCaps(source.policy);
+      const child = payload.policy;
+      const allocation = payload.budget.allocation;
+
+      if (
+        child.maxTurns > Math.min(source.policy.maxTurns, allocation.turns) ||
+        child.maxToolCalls > Math.min(source.policy.maxToolCalls, allocation.toolCalls) ||
+        Duration.toMillis(child.maxDuration) >
+          Math.min(Duration.toMillis(source.policy.maxDuration), allocation.durationMillis) ||
+        child.toolConcurrency > source.policy.toolConcurrency ||
+        child.toolResultBounds.maxBytes > source.policy.toolResultBounds.maxBytes ||
+        (source.policy.tokenBudget !== undefined &&
+          (child.tokenBudget === undefined ||
+            child.tokenBudget > source.policy.tokenBudget ||
+            child.tokenBudget > allocation.inputTokens + allocation.outputTokens)) ||
+        (source.policy.costBudgetMicrousd !== undefined &&
+          (child.costBudgetMicrousd === undefined ||
+            child.costBudgetMicrousd >
+              Math.min(source.policy.costBudgetMicrousd, allocation.costMicrousd)))
+      )
+        return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+      for (const [, cap] of amountCaps) {
+        if (caps[cap] !== undefined && ceilings[cap] !== undefined && caps[cap] > ceilings[cap])
+          return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+      }
+      if (
+        (caps.maxTotalChildInvocations ?? 0) > source.policy.maxToolCalls ||
+        (caps.maxConcurrentChildren ?? 0) > source.policy.toolConcurrency
+      )
+        return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+      const slots = 1 + (payload.budget.descendantInvocations ?? 0);
+
+      const chargedSlots = rows.reduce(
+        (sum, row) => sum + 1 + (row.budget.descendantInvocations ?? 0),
+        slots,
+      );
+
+      const slotLimit = Math.min(
+        caps.maxTotalChildInvocations ?? Infinity,
+        source.budget === undefined
+          ? source.policy.maxToolCalls
+          : (source.budget.descendantInvocations ?? 0),
+      );
+
+      if (chargedSlots > slotLimit) return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+      for (const [amount, cap] of amountCaps) {
+        // Zero is the encoded absence of an allocation when this dimension is unconfigured.
+        // It must not become a new cumulative token or dollar ceiling in a descendant.
+        if (
+          source.budgetScope === "worker-run" &&
+          (amount === "inputTokens" || amount === "outputTokens" || amount === "costMicrousd") &&
+          source.budget !== undefined &&
+          source.budget.caps[cap] === undefined &&
+          source.budget.allocation[amount] === 0 &&
+          ceilings[cap] === undefined
+        ) {
+          const charged = rows.reduce(
+            (sum, row) => sum + row.budget.allocation[amount],
+            allocation[amount],
+          );
+
+          if (charged > (caps[cap] ?? Infinity)) return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        const residual =
+          source.budget === undefined
+            ? (ceilings[cap] ?? Infinity)
+            : Math.max(0, source.budget.allocation[amount] - own[amount]);
+
+        const limit = Math.min(caps[cap] ?? Infinity, residual);
+
+        const charged = rows.reduce(
+          (sum, row) => sum + row.budget.allocation[amount],
+          payload.budget.allocation[amount],
+        );
+
+        if (charged > limit) return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+      }
+
+      // Include unreconciled reservations conservatively; only canonical completion frees an
+      // active slot. A worker Thread consumes one slot even when multiple inputs safely join it.
+      const completedAttached = new Set<string>(
+        source.current.records.flatMap(({ record }) =>
+          record.payload._tag === "SubagentJoined" ? [record.payload.reservationId] : [],
+        ),
+      );
+
+      const activeLimit = Math.min(
+        caps.maxConcurrentChildren ?? Infinity,
+        source.policy.toolConcurrency,
+      );
+
+      const hasSlot = (completed: ReadonlySet<string>, conservative = false) => {
+        const active = new Set(
+          rows
+            .filter((row) =>
+              row.lifetime === "background"
+                ? !completed.has(row.reservationId)
+                : !completedAttached.has(row.reservationId),
+            )
+            .map((row) => row.childThreadId),
+        );
+
+        return active.has(payload.childThreadId)
+          ? !conservative || active.size <= activeLimit
+          : active.size < activeLimit;
+      };
+
+      const localCompletions = completedMessageIds(source.current.records);
+
+      const completedWorkers = hasSlot(localCompletions, true)
+        ? { completed: localCompletions, acknowledgements: [] }
+        : yield* completedInputs(requests(source.current.records), source.current.records);
+
+      if (!hasSlot(completedWorkers.completed)) return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+      if (
+        yield* append(
+          sourceThreadId,
+          recordId,
+          payload,
+          source.current,
+          "subtree",
+          completedWorkers.acknowledgements,
+        )
+      )
+        return;
+    }
+
+    return yield* failure("start", "storage");
+  });
+
+  const reservation = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.reserveInput")(function* (
+    admission: WorkerAdmission,
+    inputDigest: Digest,
+    input: PersistedJson,
+    principal: Principal,
+    retainedFrameworkInput: boolean,
+    authorization?: WorkerStartAdmission,
+  ): Effect.fn.Return<void, WorkerError> {
+    const origin = admission.origin;
+
+    yield* verifyContinuation(origin);
+    const id = workerInputRecordId(admission.messageId);
+
+    for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 16; attempt++) {
+      const source = yield* sourceAuthority(
+        origin.source.threadId,
+        admission.sourceSubmissionId,
+        true,
+      );
+
+      const current = source.current;
+
+      if (
+        origin.continuationOf !== undefined &&
+        current.records.some(
+          ({ record }) =>
+            record.payload._tag === "WorkerStopRequested" &&
+            record.payload.command.worker.threadId === origin.continuationOf?.worker.threadId,
+        )
+      )
+        return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+      const rows = requests(current.records);
+      const existing = current.records.find(({ record }) => record.recordId === id)?.record.payload;
+
+      if (existing !== undefined) {
+        if (
+          existing._tag !== "WorkerInputRequested" ||
+          existing.inputDigest !== inputDigest ||
+          !sameAdmission(existing.admission, admission)
+        )
+          return yield* failure("start", "idempotency-conflict");
+      }
+      const first = current.records[0]?.record.payload;
+
+      if (first?._tag !== "ThreadCreated") return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+
+      const own = rows.filter(
+        (row) => row.admission.origin.worker.threadId === origin.worker.threadId,
+      );
+
+      const origins = new Map(
+        rows.map((row) => [row.admission.origin.worker.threadId, row.admission.origin]),
+      );
+
+      const prior = origins.get(origin.worker.threadId);
+
+      if (
+        prior === undefined &&
+        (source.submission?.agentId ?? first.agentId) !== origin.source.agentId
+      )
+        return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+      if (prior !== undefined && !sameOrigin(prior, origin))
+        return yield* failure("start", "worker-mismatch");
+      if (prior === undefined && admission.messageId !== origin.firstMessageId)
+        return yield* failure("start", "not-found");
+      const caps = origin.budget.caps;
+
+      const sourceBinding = source.binding;
+
+      const targetBinding = currentBinding(origin.worker.targetAgentId);
+
+      if (sourceBinding === undefined || targetBinding === undefined)
+        return yield* failure("start", "declaration-unavailable");
+      // Standard reports and updates retain the owner's original input bytes. Their
+      // framework message carries the new information independently of the current input codec.
+      if (!retainedFrameworkInput)
+        yield* Schema.decodeEffect(Schema.toEncoded(targetBinding.definition.input))(input).pipe(
+          Effect.mapError((cause) => failure("start", "corrupt", cause)),
+        );
+
+      const targetRequest = {
+        definition: targetBinding.definition,
+        definitions: targetBinding.digests,
+        source: origin.source,
+      };
+
+      const selected = yield* resolveTargetPolicy(
+        admission.messageId === origin.firstMessageId
+          ? {
+              ...targetRequest,
+              _tag: "InitialInput",
+              ...(authorization === undefined ||
+              authorization.tailSequence !== current.tailSequence ||
+              authorization.tailDigest !== current.tailDigest
+                ? {}
+                : { admission: authorization }),
+              ...(origin.continuationOf === undefined
+                ? {}
+                : { continuationOf: origin.continuationOf }),
+              input,
+              inputDigest,
+              ...(source.submission === undefined ? {} : { sourceSubmission: source.submission }),
+            }
+          : { ...targetRequest, _tag: "RetainedWorker", origin: prior ?? origin },
+      );
+
+      const independent = origin.budgetScope === "worker-run";
+
+      const targetPolicy = Option.isSome(selected)
+        ? selected.value
+        : independent
+          ? targetBinding.definition.policy
+          : AgentPolicy.resolve(
+              targetBinding.definition.policyOverrides ?? targetBinding.definition.policy,
+              source.policy,
+            );
+
+      // Captured authority is checked on replay too, before the retained reservation returns.
+      // Static callers retain the old idempotent-return behavior.
+      if (
+        (existing === undefined || Option.isSome(selected)) &&
+        !withinPolicy(origin, independent ? targetPolicy : source.policy, targetPolicy)
+      )
+        return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+      if (existing !== undefined) return;
+      const now = yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis;
+
+      if (now >= origin.expiresAtMillis) return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+      if (
+        (prior === undefined && origins.size >= deps.limits.maxWorkersPerSource) ||
+        own.filter((row) => row.admission.reportKind === admission.reportKind).length >=
+          (admission.reportKind === "update"
+            ? (deps.limits.maxUpdateInputsPerWorker ?? 256)
+            : deps.limits.maxInputsPerWorker)
+      )
+        return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+      if (
+        prior === undefined &&
+        !sameReporting(
+          yield* reportIntent(sourceBinding, targetBinding, origin.worker.delegationId, source),
+          origin.reporting,
+        )
+      )
+        return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+      if (independent && source.depth !== 0) return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+      const ceilings = sourceCaps(source.policy);
+
+      const conservedRows = rows.filter((row) => row.admission.origin.budgetScope !== "worker-run");
+
+      const chargedRows =
+        source.depth === 0
+          ? conservedRows
+          : conservedRows.filter(
+              (row) => row.admission.sourceSubmissionId === admission.sourceSubmissionId,
+            );
+
+      // Independent origins do not belong to this pool. Preserve the retained conserved
+      // origins' cap identity check separately from the current input's charge selection.
+      if (
+        !independent &&
+        conservedRows.some((row) => !sameCaps(row.admission.origin.budget.caps, caps))
+      )
+        return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+      if (
+        !independent &&
+        chargedRows.reduce(
+          (sum, row) => sum + 1 + (row.admission.origin.budget.descendantInvocations ?? 0),
+          1 + (origin.budget.descendantInvocations ?? 0),
+        ) > Math.min(caps.maxTotalChildInvocations ?? Infinity, source.policy.maxToolCalls)
+      )
+        return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+      // Worker-owned Run usage is already durable in the destination's Run journal. Each
+      // Receipt may join an existing Run, so admitting input must never mint an allowance.
+      for (const [amount, cap] of independent ? [] : amountCaps) {
+        const limit = Math.min(caps[cap] ?? Infinity, ceilings[cap] ?? Infinity);
+
+        if (
+          chargedRows.reduce(
+            (sum, row) => sum + row.admission.origin.budget.allocation[amount],
+            origin.budget.allocation[amount],
+          ) > limit
+        )
+          return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+      }
+
+      // Resolve inside the source CAS loop: independently delivered starts must compete
+      // against one canonical prefix. A conflict repeats both authority and capacity reads.
+      const selectedConcurrency = yield* deps.concurrencyResolver.resolve({
+        source: origin.source,
+        worker: origin.worker,
+        ...(origin.continuationOf === undefined ? {} : { continuationOf: origin.continuationOf }),
+        principal,
+        ...(source.submission === undefined ? {} : { sourceSubmission: source.submission }),
+      });
+
+      const sourceConcurrency = Option.isSome(selectedConcurrency)
+        ? (yield* decode(WorkerConcurrencyLimit, selectedConcurrency.value, "start"))
+            .maxActiveWorkersPerSource
+        : Infinity;
+
+      const activeLimit = Math.min(
+        sourceConcurrency,
+        deps.limits.maxActiveWorkersPerSource ?? source.policy.toolConcurrency,
+        independent
+          ? Infinity
+          : Math.min(caps.maxConcurrentChildren ?? Infinity, source.policy.toolConcurrency),
+      );
+
+      const hasCapacity = (completed: ReadonlySet<string>, conservative = false) => {
+        const pendingRows = rows.filter((row) => !completed.has(row.admission.messageId));
+
+        const activeWorkers = new Set(
+          pendingRows.map((row) => row.admission.origin.worker.threadId),
+        );
+
+        const pendingOwn = pendingRows.filter(
+          (row) =>
+            row.admission.origin.worker.threadId === origin.worker.threadId &&
+            row.admission.reportKind === admission.reportKind,
+        ).length;
+
+        return (
+          pendingOwn <
+            (admission.reportKind === "update"
+              ? (deps.limits.maxPendingUpdateInputsPerWorker ?? 32)
+              : deps.limits.maxPendingInputsPerWorker) &&
+          (activeWorkers.has(origin.worker.threadId)
+            ? !conservative || activeWorkers.size <= activeLimit
+            : activeWorkers.size < activeLimit)
+        );
+      };
+
+      // Unresolved inputs bound pending work from above. An apparently active destination
+      // could already be idle: after a limit reduction, prove activity before exempting its
+      // follow-up from acquiring a new slot.
+      const localCompletions = completedMessageIds(current.records);
+
+      const completed = hasCapacity(localCompletions, true)
+        ? { completed: localCompletions, acknowledgements: [] }
+        : yield* completedInputs(rows, current.records);
+
+      if (!hasCapacity(completed.completed))
+        return yield* WorkerError.make({ operation: "start", reason: "capacity", retryable: true });
+      if (!independent)
+        yield* reserveSubtree(
+          origin.source.threadId,
+          SubtreeBudgetReserved.make({
+            reservationId: Schema.decodeSync(SubtreeBudgetReserved.fields.reservationId)(
+              admission.messageId,
+            ),
+            ...(admission.sourceSubmissionId === undefined
+              ? {}
+              : { sourceSubmissionId: admission.sourceSubmissionId }),
+            childThreadId: origin.worker.threadId,
+            lifetime: "background",
+            depth: origin.depth,
+            policy: origin.policy,
+            grant: origin.grant,
+            budget: origin.budget,
+          }),
+        );
+      if (
+        yield* append(
+          origin.source.threadId,
+          id,
+          WorkerInputRequested.make({ admission, inputDigest }),
+          current,
+          "source",
+          completed.acknowledgements,
+        )
+      )
+        return;
+    }
+
+    return yield* failure("start", "storage");
+  });
+
+  const ensureOrigin = (origin: WorkerOrigin) =>
+    ensureWorkerOrigin(
+      { producerId: deps.producerId, deploymentId: deps.deploymentId },
+      origin,
+    ).pipe(
+      Effect.provideService(ThreadStore, deps.store),
+      Effect.provideService(DurableRuntimeFailpoint, deps.failpoint),
+    );
+
+  const validateAdmission = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.validateAdmission")(function* (
+    unvalidated: WorkerAdmission,
+    options: DurableSubmitOptions,
+    agentId: Agent.AnyDefinition["id"],
+    inputDigest: Digest,
+    input: PersistedJson,
+  ) {
+    const admission = yield* decode(WorkerAdmission, unvalidated, "start");
+
+    if (admission.reportKind === "update") {
+      if (!Schema.is(WorkerUpdate)(options.messageAdmission))
+        return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+      yield* validateCompletion(options.messageAdmission, options, agentId, inputDigest);
+    }
+
+    yield* verifyContinuation(admission.origin);
+    const delivery = yield* CurrentStartDelivery;
+
+    const authorization =
+      delivery !== undefined &&
+      sameAdmission(delivery.admission, admission) &&
+      delivery.inputDigest === inputDigest
+        ? yield* currentStart(
+            delivery.authorization,
+            admission.origin.source.threadId,
+            admission.sourceSubmissionId,
+            options.principal,
+            agentId,
+            admission.origin.continuationOf,
+          )
+        : undefined;
+
+    yield* deps.authorizer.authorize({
+      ...(authorization === undefined ? {} : { admission: authorization }),
+      sourceThreadId: admission.origin.source.threadId,
+      ...(admission.sourceSubmissionId === undefined
+        ? {}
+        : { sourceSubmissionId: admission.sourceSubmissionId }),
+      principal: options.principal,
+      operation: "start",
+      access: "send",
+      worker: admission.origin.worker,
+      ...(admission.origin.continuationOf === undefined
+        ? {}
+        : { continuationOf: admission.origin.continuationOf }),
+    });
+    yield* authorizeBudget(admission.origin, options.principal, authorization);
+    if (
+      admission.origin.worker.threadId !== options.threadId ||
+      admission.origin.worker.targetAgentId !== agentId ||
+      !definitionDigestsEqual(admission.origin.targetDigests, options.definitions) ||
+      options.idempotencyKey !== admission.messageId ||
+      (admission.deliveryPrincipal !== undefined &&
+        admission.deliveryPrincipal !== options.principal)
+    )
+      return yield* failure("start", "worker-mismatch");
+    const retainedFrameworkInput = Schema.is(FrameworkMessage)(options.messageAdmission);
+
+    if (retainedFrameworkInput && admission.reportKind !== "update")
+      yield* validateCompletion(options.messageAdmission, options, agentId, inputDigest);
+    yield* reservation(
+      admission,
+      inputDigest,
+      input,
+      options.principal,
+      retainedFrameworkInput,
+      authorization,
+    );
+
+    return admission;
+  });
+
+  const prepareUpdate = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.prepareUpdate")(
+    function* (update: Update, submission: SubmissionSnapshot, messageId: IdempotencyKey) {
+      const origin = submission.workerAdmission?.origin;
+      const intent = origin?.reporting;
+
+      if (origin === undefined || intent?.mode !== "standard") return undefined;
+      if (update.threadId !== submission.threadId || update.agentId !== origin.worker.targetAgentId)
+        return yield* failure("followUp", "worker-mismatch");
+
+      const destination = intent.returnAddress;
+
+      if (destination === undefined) return yield* failure("followUp", "corrupt");
+
+      const retained =
+        destination.workerAdmission === undefined
+          ? undefined
+          : yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(WorkerAdmission)(destination.workerAdmission).pipe(
+              Effect.mapError((cause) => failure("followUp", "corrupt", cause)),
+            );
+
+      const sourceBinding = currentBinding(origin.source.agentId);
+      const targetBinding = currentBinding(origin.worker.targetAgentId);
+
+      const reports =
+        sourceBinding?.reporting?.filter(
+          (entry) => entry.delegationId === origin.worker.delegationId,
+        ) ?? [];
+
+      if (
+        sourceBinding === undefined ||
+        targetBinding === undefined ||
+        reports.length !== 1 ||
+        reports[0] === undefined ||
+        reports[0].target !== targetBinding.definition ||
+        !definitionDigestsEqual(submission.agentDigests, origin.targetDigests)
+      )
+        return yield* failure("followUp", "declaration-unavailable");
+
+      const receivingOrigin = retained?.origin;
+
+      if (destination.depth !== 0 && receivingOrigin === undefined)
+        return yield* failure("followUp", "denied");
+      const now = yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis;
+
+      const deadlineAtMillis = Math.min(
+        origin.expiresAtMillis,
+        receivingOrigin?.expiresAtMillis ?? Infinity,
+      );
+
+      if (now >= deadlineAtMillis) return yield* failure("followUp", "denied");
+      if (reports[0].reportUpdate !== undefined && !reports[0].reportUpdate(update))
+        return undefined;
+      const input = destination.input;
+
+      let workerAdmission: WorkerAdmission | undefined;
+
+      if (retained !== undefined) {
+        workerAdmission = {
+          origin: retained.origin,
+          reportKind: "update",
+          messageId,
+          parameters: retained.parameters,
+          createdAtMillis: now,
+          ...(retained.sourceSubmissionId === undefined
+            ? {}
+            : { sourceSubmissionId: retained.sourceSubmissionId }),
+        };
+      }
+
+      const message = WorkerUpdate.make({
+        _tag: "WorkerUpdate",
+        schemaVersion: 1,
+        worker: origin.worker,
+        update,
+      });
+
+      const envelope: PreparedInput = {
+        schemaVersion: 1,
+        threadId: origin.source.threadId,
+        deliveryPrincipal: destination.principal,
+        agentId: origin.source.agentId,
+        definitions: intent.sourceDigests,
+        input,
+        inputDigest: yield* withCrypto(digestJson(input)).pipe(
+          Effect.mapError(storageFailure("followUp")),
+        ),
+        admissionKey: messageId,
+        authorization: { policyId: "worker-report", decisionId: messageId },
+        messageAdmission: message,
+        ...(workerAdmission === undefined
+          ? {}
+          : { workerAdmission: { ...workerAdmission, deliveryPrincipal: destination.principal } }),
+      };
+
+      return {
+        messageId,
+        envelope: yield* Schema.encodeEffect(PreparedInput)(envelope).pipe(
+          Effect.flatMap(Schema.decodeEffect(PersistedJson)),
+          Effect.mapError(storageFailure("followUp")),
+        ),
+        createdAtMillis: now,
+        deadlineAtMillis,
+      };
+    },
+    Effect.mapError((error) =>
+      error.reason === "storage" || error.reason === "corrupt"
+        ? LedgerError.make({ operation: "worker-update", message: error.reason, cause: error })
+        : UpdateError.make({ reason: error.reason === "denied" ? "denied" : "unavailable" }),
+    ),
+  );
+
+  const reportRun = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.reportRun")(function* (
+    submission: SubmissionSnapshot,
+    history: Effect.Success<ReturnType<typeof read>>,
+  ): Effect.fn.Return<void, WorkerError> {
+    const admission = submission.workerAdmission;
+    const intent = admission?.origin.reporting;
+
+    if (admission === undefined || intent === undefined) return;
+    const origin = admission.origin;
+
+    const member = history.records.find(
+      ({ record }) =>
+        record.payload._tag === "SubmissionSettled" &&
+        record.payload.submissionId === submission.submissionId,
+    )?.record.payload;
+
+    if (member?._tag !== "SubmissionSettled") return yield* failure("inspect", "corrupt");
+    if (member.runId === undefined) return; // No actual Run means no fabricated report identity.
+    const runId = member.runId;
+
+    const host = history.records.find(
+      ({ record }) => record.payload._tag === "SubmissionSettled" && record.payload.runId === runId,
+    )?.record.payload;
+
+    if (host?._tag !== "SubmissionSettled") return yield* failure("inspect", "corrupt");
+
+    const messageId = yield* withCrypto(
+      digestJson(["worker-report", submission.threadId, runId]),
+    ).pipe(
+      Effect.map((value) => Schema.decodeSync(IdempotencyKey)(`report:${value}`)),
+      Effect.mapError(storageFailure("inspect")),
+    );
+
+    const recordId = workerReportRecordId(messageId);
+
+    const prepare = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.prepareReport")(function* (): Effect.fn.Return<
+      WorkerReportPrepared | WorkerReportRefused,
+      WorkerError
+    > {
+      const refused = (reason: WorkerReportRefused["reason"]) =>
+        WorkerReportRefused.make({ runId, messageId, reason });
+
+      // Retired custom origins remain readable; already prepared envelopes bypass preparation.
+      if (intent.mode !== "standard") return refused("declaration-unavailable");
+
+      const selected = yield* deps.ledger
+        .lookup(SubmissionLookupById.make({ submissionId: host.submissionId }))
+        .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("inspect")));
+
+      if (
+        Option.isNone(selected) ||
+        selected.value.threadId !== submission.threadId ||
+        selected.value.receiptId !== host.receiptId ||
+        selected.value.workerAdmission === undefined ||
+        !sameOrigin(selected.value.workerAdmission.origin, origin)
+      )
+        return yield* failure("inspect", "corrupt");
+      const hostSubmission = selected.value;
+      const hostAdmission = selected.value.workerAdmission;
+
+      const address = intent.returnAddress;
+
+      if (address === undefined) return yield* failure("inspect", "corrupt");
+
+      const retainedAdmission =
+        address.workerAdmission === undefined
+          ? undefined
+          : yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(WorkerAdmission)(address.workerAdmission).pipe(
+              Effect.mapError((cause) => failure("inspect", "corrupt", cause)),
+            );
+
+      const source = { ...address, admission: retainedAdmission };
+
+      const sourceBinding = currentBinding(origin.source.agentId);
+      const targetBinding = currentBinding(origin.worker.targetAgentId);
+
+      const reports =
+        sourceBinding?.reporting?.filter(
+          (entry) => entry.delegationId === origin.worker.delegationId,
+        ) ?? [];
+
+      const descriptor = reports[0];
+
+      if (
+        sourceBinding === undefined ||
+        targetBinding === undefined ||
+        descriptor === undefined ||
+        reports.length !== 1 ||
+        !Object.is(descriptor.target, targetBinding.definition)
+      )
+        return refused("declaration-unavailable");
+
+      const sourceOrigin = source.admission?.origin;
+
+      if (source.depth !== 0 && sourceOrigin === undefined) return refused("destination");
+      const now = yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis;
+
+      const deadlineAtMillis = Math.min(
+        origin.expiresAtMillis,
+        sourceOrigin?.expiresAtMillis ?? Infinity,
+      );
+
+      if (now >= deadlineAtMillis) return refused("expired");
+
+      const context: WorkerContext = {
+        source: origin.source,
+        policy: source.policy,
+        depth: source.depth,
+        ...(source.grant === undefined ? {} : { grant: source.grant }),
+      };
+
+      const report: WorkerRunReport = {
+        worker: origin.worker,
+        context,
+        observation: {
+          _tag: "Settled",
+          receipt: Receipt.make({
+            threadId: hostSubmission.threadId,
+            submissionId: hostSubmission.submissionId,
+            receiptId: hostSubmission.receiptId,
+            queueSequence: hostSubmission.queueSequence,
+          }),
+          runId,
+          settlementId: host.settlementId,
+          outcome: host.outcome,
+          encodedParameters: hostAdmission.parameters,
+          encodedResult: host.result ?? null,
+          ...(host.outcome === "failed" ? { diagnostic: host.result } : {}),
+          budgetExhausted: host.finishReason === "budget-exhausted",
+        },
+      };
+
+      const projection = yield* Effect.suspend(() =>
+        descriptor.reportCompletion?.(report) === false
+          ? Effect.succeed(undefined)
+          : descriptor.prepare(report),
+      ).pipe(
+        Effect.timeout(
+          Math.min(deps.limits.reportPreparationTimeoutMillis ?? 5_000, deadlineAtMillis - now),
+        ),
+        Effect.map((value) => ({ _tag: "Prepared" as const, value })),
+        Effect.catchTag("WorkerReportPreparationFailure", (error) =>
+          Effect.succeed(refused(error.stage)),
+        ),
+        Effect.catchTag("TimeoutError", () => Effect.succeed(refused("timeout"))),
+        Effect.catchCauseIf(
+          (cause) => !Cause.hasInterrupts(cause),
+          () => Effect.succeed(refused("defect")),
+        ),
+      );
+
+      if (projection._tag === "WorkerReportRefused") return projection;
+
+      if (projection.value === undefined) return refused("filtered");
+
+      const message = projection.value.message;
+
+      if (!Schema.is(WorkerCompletion)(message)) return refused("input");
+      if (
+        !Schema.toEquivalence(WorkerRef)(message.report.worker, origin.worker) ||
+        !Schema.toEquivalence(Receipt)(message.report.receipt, report.observation.receipt) ||
+        message.report.runId !== runId ||
+        message.report.settlementId !== host.settlementId ||
+        message.report.outcome !== host.outcome ||
+        message.budgetExhausted !== report.observation.budgetExhausted
+      )
+        return refused("input");
+
+      const validated = yield* Schema.decodeEffect(PersistedJson)(source.input).pipe(Effect.option);
+
+      if (Option.isNone(validated)) return refused("input");
+      const input = validated.value;
+
+      const inputDigest = yield* withCrypto(digestJson(input)).pipe(
+        Effect.mapError(storageFailure("inspect")),
+      );
+
+      let workerAdmission: WorkerAdmission | undefined;
+      const principal = source.principal;
+
+      if (sourceOrigin !== undefined) {
+        const retained = source.admission;
+
+        if (retained === undefined) return refused("destination");
+
+        const parameters = yield* Schema.decodeEffect(PersistedJson)(retained.parameters).pipe(
+          Effect.option,
+        );
+
+        if (Option.isNone(parameters)) return refused("destination");
+        workerAdmission = {
+          origin: sourceOrigin,
+          messageId,
+          parameters: parameters.value,
+          createdAtMillis: now,
+          ...(retained.sourceSubmissionId === undefined
+            ? {}
+            : { sourceSubmissionId: retained.sourceSubmissionId }),
+        };
+      }
+
+      // The destination reauthorizes standard messages through validateCompletion.
+      const envelope: PreparedInput = {
+        schemaVersion: 1,
+        threadId: origin.source.threadId,
+        deliveryPrincipal: principal,
+        agentId: origin.source.agentId,
+        definitions: intent.sourceDigests,
+        input,
+        inputDigest,
+        admissionKey: messageId,
+        authorization: { policyId: "worker-report", decisionId: messageId },
+        messageAdmission: message,
+        ...(workerAdmission === undefined
+          ? {}
+          : { workerAdmission: { ...workerAdmission, deliveryPrincipal: principal } }),
+      };
+
+      const encoded = yield* Schema.encodeEffect(PreparedInput)(envelope).pipe(
+        Effect.flatMap(Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(PersistedJson)),
+        Effect.mapError(storageFailure("inspect")),
+      );
+
+      return WorkerReportPrepared.make({
+        runId,
+        messageId,
+        envelope: encoded,
+        createdAtMillis: now,
+        deadlineAtMillis,
+        ...(lastWorkerReportMessageId(history.records) === undefined
+          ? {}
+          : { predecessor: lastWorkerReportMessageId(history.records) }),
+      });
+    });
+
+    let decision: WorkerReportPrepared | WorkerReportRefused | undefined;
+
+    for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 16; attempt++) {
+      const current = yield* read(submission.threadId, "inspect");
+
+      const existing = current.records.find(({ record }) => record.recordId === recordId)?.record
+        .payload;
+
+      if (existing !== undefined) {
+        if (
+          (existing._tag !== "WorkerReportPrepared" && existing._tag !== "WorkerReportRefused") ||
+          existing.runId !== runId ||
+          existing.messageId !== messageId
+        )
+          return yield* failure("inspect", "corrupt");
+        decision = existing;
+        break;
+      }
+      decision ??= yield* prepare();
+      if (yield* append(submission.threadId, recordId, decision, current, "report")) break;
+      if (attempt === 15) return yield* failure("inspect", "storage");
+    }
+    if (decision?._tag !== "WorkerReportPrepared") return;
+    if (Option.isNone(deps.deliveries)) return yield* failure("inspect", "unavailable");
+
+    const envelope = yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(PreparedInput)(decision.envelope).pipe(
+      Effect.mapError((cause) => failure("inspect", "corrupt", cause)),
+    );
+
+    const prepared = yield* withCrypto(
+      prepareMessageDelivery({
+        key: { ownerThreadId: submission.threadId, messageId },
+        envelope,
+        createdAtMillis: decision.createdAtMillis,
+        deadlineAtMillis: decision.deadlineAtMillis,
+        ...(decision.predecessor === undefined ? {} : { predecessor: decision.predecessor }),
+      }),
+    ).pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("inspect")));
+
+    // Until this insertion commits the child ledger stays nonterminal. Afterwards its independent
+    // due index survives both child and source settlement, including Object eviction.
+    yield* hit("worker:before-report-delivery", "inspect");
+    yield* deps.deliveries.value.insert(prepared).pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("inspect")));
+    yield* hit("worker:after-report-delivery", "inspect");
+  });
+
+  const completeInput = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.completeInput")(function* (
+    submission: SubmissionSnapshot,
+  ) {
+    const admission = submission.workerAdmission;
+
+    if (admission === undefined) return;
+    const child = yield* read(submission.threadId, "inspect");
+
+    yield* reportRun(submission, child);
+
+    const settledEnvelope = child.records.find(
+      ({ record }) =>
+        record.payload._tag === "SubmissionSettled" &&
+        record.payload.submissionId === submission.submissionId,
+    )?.record;
+
+    const settled = settledEnvelope?.payload;
+
+    if (
+      settled?._tag !== "SubmissionSettled" ||
+      settled.receiptId !== submission.receiptId ||
+      settledEnvelope === undefined
+    )
+      return yield* failure("inspect", "corrupt");
+
+    const unresolved = new Set<string>();
+
+    for (const { record } of child.records) {
+      const value = record.payload;
+
+      if (
+        (value._tag === "ToolCallPrepared" || value._tag === "ToolCallUnknown") &&
+        value.runId === settled.runId
+      )
+        unresolved.add(value.toolCallId);
+      if (value._tag === "ToolCallSettled" && value.runId === settled.runId)
+        unresolved.delete(value.toolCallId);
+    }
+    if (unresolved.size > 0) return;
+
+    const payload = WorkerInputCompleted.make({
+      effectsResolved: true,
+      messageId: admission.messageId,
+      workerThreadId: submission.threadId,
+      submissionId: submission.submissionId,
+      receiptId: submission.receiptId,
+      settlementId: settled.settlementId,
+      completedAtMillis: DateTime.toEpochMillis(settledEnvelope.createdAt),
+    });
+
+    for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 16; attempt++) {
+      const current = yield* read(submission.threadId, "inspect");
+
+      const existing = current.records.findLast(
+        ({ record }) =>
+          record.payload._tag === "WorkerInputCompleted" &&
+          record.payload.messageId === admission.messageId,
+      )?.record.payload;
+
+      if (existing !== undefined) {
+        if (
+          existing._tag !== "WorkerInputCompleted" ||
+          !Schema.toEquivalence(WorkerInputCompleted)(
+            { ...existing, effectsResolved: true },
+            payload,
+          )
+        )
+          return yield* failure("inspect", "corrupt");
+
+        if (existing.effectsResolved) return;
+      }
+      if (
+        yield* append(
+          submission.threadId,
+          `worker-effects-resolved:${admission.messageId}`,
+          payload,
+          current,
+          "completion",
+        )
+      )
+        return;
+    }
+
+    return yield* failure("inspect", "storage");
+  });
+
+  const facet = (
+    context: WorkerContext,
+    principal: Principal,
+    sourceSubmissionId?: SubmissionId,
+  ): SubagentHost["Service"] => {
+    const requestedPrincipal = principal;
+
+    const authorize = (
+      operation: WorkerError["operation"],
+      access: "context" | "read" | "send" | "control",
+      worker?: WorkerRef,
+      continuationOf?: WorkerContinuation,
+      admission?: WorkerStartAdmission,
+    ) =>
+      deps.authorizer.authorize({
+        ...(admission === undefined ? {} : { admission }),
+        sourceThreadId: context.source.threadId,
+        ...(sourceSubmissionId === undefined ? {} : { sourceSubmissionId }),
+        principal,
+        operation,
+        access,
+        ...(worker === undefined ? {} : { worker }),
+        ...(continuationOf === undefined ? {} : { continuationOf }),
+      });
+
+    const binding = (target: Agent.AnyDefinition, operation: WorkerError["operation"]) =>
+      resolveDefinitionBinding(deps.bindings, target).pipe(
+        Effect.mapError((cause) => failure(operation, "declaration-unavailable", cause)),
+      );
+
+    const deliveryStatus = (row: MessageDeliveryRecord, operation: WorkerError["operation"]) =>
+      messageStatus(row).pipe(Effect.mapError((cause) => failure(operation, "corrupt", cause)));
+
+    const preparedTarget = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.preparedTarget")(function* (
+      target: Agent.AnyDefinition,
+      encodedInput: unknown,
+      continuationOf?: WorkerContinuation,
+      authorization?: WorkerStartAdmission,
+    ) {
+      const resolved = yield* binding(target, "start");
+
+      yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Schema.toEncoded(target.input))(encodedInput).pipe(
+        Effect.mapError((cause) => failure("start", "corrupt", cause)),
+      );
+      const input = yield* decode(PersistedJson, encodedInput, "start");
+
+      const inputDigest = yield* withCrypto(digestJson(input)).pipe(
+        Effect.mapError(storageFailure("start")),
+      );
+
+      const source = yield* sourceAuthority(context.source.threadId, sourceSubmissionId);
+
+      const admission = yield* currentStart(
+        authorization,
+        context.source.threadId,
+        sourceSubmissionId,
+        principal,
+        target.id,
+        continuationOf,
+      );
+
+      const policy = yield* resolveTargetPolicy({
+        _tag: "InitialInput",
+        ...(admission === undefined ? {} : { admission }),
+        ...(continuationOf === undefined ? {} : { continuationOf }),
+        definition: resolved.definition,
+        definitions: resolved.digests,
+        source: context.source,
+        ...(source.submission === undefined ? {} : { sourceSubmission: source.submission }),
+        input,
+        inputDigest,
+      });
+
+      return { resolved, source, policy };
+    });
+
+    const findOrigin = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.findOrigin")(function* (
+      worker: WorkerRef,
+      target: Agent.AnyDefinition,
+      operation: WorkerError["operation"],
+    ) {
+      yield* binding(target, operation);
+
+      if (worker.targetAgentId !== target.id) return yield* failure(operation, "worker-mismatch");
+
+      const first = Option.getOrUndefined(
+        yield* exactRecord(context.source.threadId, firstWorkerInputRecordId(worker), operation),
+      )?.record.payload;
+
+      const origin = first?._tag === "WorkerInputRequested" ? first.admission.origin : undefined;
+
+      if (origin === undefined) {
+        const retained = Option.isNone(deps.deliveries)
+          ? null
+          : yield* deps.deliveries.value
+              .get({
+                ownerThreadId: context.source.threadId,
+                messageId: Schema.decodeSync(IdempotencyKey)(worker.threadId),
+              })
+              .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)));
+
+        const pendingOrigin = retained?.envelope.workerAdmission?.origin;
+
+        if (pendingOrigin === undefined) return yield* failure(operation, "not-found");
+        if (
+          !Schema.toEquivalence(WorkerRef)(pendingOrigin.worker, worker) ||
+          pendingOrigin.firstMessageId !== retained?.key.messageId ||
+          pendingOrigin.source.threadId !== context.source.threadId
+        )
+          return yield* failure(operation, "worker-mismatch");
+
+        return pendingOrigin;
+      }
+      if (
+        !Schema.toEquivalence(WorkerRef)(origin.worker, worker) ||
+        first?._tag !== "WorkerInputRequested" ||
+        first.admission.messageId !== origin.firstMessageId ||
+        workerInputRecordId(origin.firstMessageId) !== firstWorkerInputRecordId(worker)
+      )
+        return yield* failure(operation, "worker-mismatch");
+
+      return origin;
+    });
+
+    const receiptInput = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.receiptInput")(function* (
+      request: WorkerReceiptRequest,
+      operation: WorkerError["operation"],
+    ) {
+      const origin = yield* findOrigin(request.worker, request.target, operation);
+      const receipt = request.receipt;
+
+      const snapshot = yield* deps.ledger
+        .lookup(SubmissionLookupById.make({ submissionId: receipt.submissionId }))
+        .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)));
+
+      if (Option.isNone(snapshot)) return yield* failure(operation, "not-found");
+      const row = snapshot.value;
+
+      if (
+        row.threadId !== request.worker.threadId ||
+        row.threadId !== receipt.threadId ||
+        row.receiptId !== receipt.receiptId ||
+        row.queueSequence !== receipt.queueSequence ||
+        row.workerAdmission === undefined ||
+        !sameOrigin(row.workerAdmission.origin, origin)
+      )
+        return yield* failure(operation, "receipt-mismatch");
+
+      return row.workerAdmission;
+    });
+
+    const observation = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.observation")(function* (
+      request: WorkerReceiptRequest,
+      admission: WorkerAdmission,
+      settlement: Settlement,
+    ): Effect.fn.Return<WorkerObservation, WorkerError> {
+      const history = yield* read(request.worker.threadId, "inspect");
+
+      const record = history.records.find(
+        ({ record }) =>
+          record.payload._tag === "SubmissionSettled" &&
+          record.payload.submissionId === settlement.submissionId,
+      )?.record.payload;
+
+      if (
+        record?._tag !== "SubmissionSettled" ||
+        record.settlementId !== settlement.settlementId ||
+        record.receiptId !== request.receipt.receiptId ||
+        record.outcome !== settlement.outcome
+      )
+        return yield* failure("inspect", "corrupt");
+
+      const input = history.records.find(
+        ({ record }) =>
+          record.payload._tag === "UserInputRecorded" &&
+          record.payload.submissionId === settlement.submissionId,
+      )?.record.payload;
+
+      const inputRunId = input?._tag === "UserInputRecorded" ? input.runId : undefined;
+
+      if (inputRunId !== undefined && record.runId !== undefined && inputRunId !== record.runId)
+        return yield* failure("inspect", "corrupt");
+      const runId = record.runId ?? inputRunId;
+
+      // The host settlement precedes the joined members and carries the Run's actual output.
+      // Both identities come from canonical history; no foreign recovery or finalization is needed.
+      const host =
+        runId === undefined
+          ? undefined
+          : history.records.find(
+              ({ record }) =>
+                record.payload._tag === "SubmissionSettled" && record.payload.runId === runId,
+            )?.record.payload;
+
+      const result = host?._tag === "SubmissionSettled" ? host : record;
+
+      if (result.outcome !== record.outcome) return yield* failure("inspect", "corrupt");
+
+      return {
+        _tag: "Settled",
+        receipt: request.receipt,
+        settlementId: settlement.settlementId,
+        ...(result.runId === undefined ? {} : { runId: result.runId }),
+        outcome: settlement.outcome,
+        encodedParameters: admission.parameters,
+        encodedResult: result.result ?? null,
+        ...(result.outcome === "failed" ? { diagnostic: result.result } : {}),
+        budgetExhausted: result.finishReason === "budget-exhausted",
+      };
+    });
+
+    const send = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.send")(function* (
+      origin: WorkerOrigin,
+      messageId: IdempotencyKey,
+      encodedInput: unknown,
+      encodedParameters: unknown,
+      principal: Principal,
+      operation: "start" | "followUp",
+      authorization?: WorkerStartAdmission,
+    ) {
+      if (Option.isNone(deps.deliveries)) return yield* failure(operation, "unavailable");
+      const deliveries = deps.deliveries.value;
+      const input = yield* decode(PersistedJson, encodedInput, operation);
+      const parameters = yield* decode(PersistedJson, encodedParameters, operation);
+
+      const inputDigest = yield* withCrypto(digestJson(input)).pipe(
+        Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)),
+      );
+
+      const key = { ownerThreadId: context.source.threadId, messageId };
+      const saved = yield* deliveries.get(key).pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)));
+
+      if (saved !== null) {
+        const metadata = saved.envelope.workerAdmission;
+
+        if (
+          metadata === undefined ||
+          !sameOrigin(metadata.origin, origin) ||
+          !sameJson(metadata.parameters, parameters) ||
+          saved.envelope.inputDigest !== inputDigest ||
+          !sameJson(saved.envelope.input, input)
+        )
+          return yield* failure(operation, "idempotency-conflict");
+        if (saved.receipt !== null) return yield* deliveryStatus(saved, operation);
+      } else {
+        const now = yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis;
+
+        if (now >= origin.expiresAtMillis) return yield* failure(operation, "capacity");
+
+        const envelope: PreparedInput = {
+          schemaVersion: 1,
+          threadId: origin.worker.threadId,
+          deliveryPrincipal: principal,
+          agentId: origin.worker.targetAgentId,
+          definitions: origin.targetDigests,
+          input,
+          inputDigest,
+          admissionKey: messageId,
+          authorization: { policyId: "worker-host", decisionId: messageId },
+          workerAdmission: {
+            origin,
+            messageId,
+            parameters,
+            createdAtMillis: now,
+            deliveryPrincipal: principal,
+            ...(sourceSubmissionId === undefined ? {} : { sourceSubmissionId }),
+          },
+        };
+
+        const prepared = yield* withCrypto(
+          prepareMessageDelivery({
+            key,
+            envelope,
+            createdAtMillis: now,
+            deadlineAtMillis: origin.expiresAtMillis,
+          }),
+        ).pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)));
+
+        yield* deliveries
+          .insert(prepared)
+          .pipe(
+            Effect.mapError((error) =>
+              failure(
+                operation,
+                error._tag === "MessageDeliveryError" && error.reason === "capacity"
+                  ? "capacity"
+                  : "storage",
+                error,
+              ),
+            ),
+          );
+      }
+
+      // Direct callers and automatic pumps run the same claim/accept/refuse protocol. A
+      // conclusive refusal is retained before it becomes visible to this caller.
+      const processed = yield* MessageDeliveryDriver.pipe(
+        Effect.flatMap((driver) => driver.process(key)),
+        Effect.provide(MessageDeliveryDriver.layer({ batchSize: 1, concurrency: 1 })),
+        Effect.provideService(MessageDeliveryStore, deliveries),
+        Effect.provideService(PreparedInputAdmission, {
+          submit: (prepared) =>
+            deps.submit(prepared).pipe(
+              Effect.provideService(
+                CurrentStartDelivery,
+                authorization !== undefined &&
+                  prepared.workerAdmission !== undefined &&
+                  prepared.admissionKey === messageId &&
+                  prepared.inputDigest === inputDigest &&
+                  sameOrigin(prepared.workerAdmission.origin, origin)
+                  ? { authorization, admission: prepared.workerAdmission, inputDigest }
+                  : undefined,
+              ),
+              Effect.mapError((error) =>
+                error._tag === "AdmissionConflict" || error._tag === "AgentInputError"
+                  ? ScheduledInputRefused.make({ code: error._tag, cause: error })
+                  : error._tag === "AdmissionPolicyError" && error.reason === "refused"
+                    ? ScheduledInputRefused.make({ code: error.code, cause: error })
+                    : ScheduledInputRetryable.make({ reason: "storage", cause: error }),
+              ),
+            ),
+          submissionStatus: (receipt) =>
+            deps
+              .status(receipt)
+              .pipe(
+                Effect.mapError((error) =>
+                  ScheduledInputRetryable.make({ reason: "storage", cause: error }),
+                ),
+              ),
+        }),
+        Effect.provideService(Crypto.Crypto, deps.crypto),
+        Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)),
+      );
+
+      return yield* deliveryStatus(processed, operation);
+    });
+
+    const messageIdFor = (parts: ReadonlyArray<string>) =>
+      withCrypto(digestJson(parts)).pipe(
+        Effect.map((digest) => Schema.decodeSync(IdempotencyKey)(`worker:${digest}`)),
+        Effect.mapError(storageFailure("start")),
+      );
+
+    const summarize = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.summarize")(function* (
+      origin: WorkerOrigin,
+      operation: "list" | "inspect",
+    ): Effect.fn.Return<WorkerSummary, WorkerError> {
+      yield* authorize(operation, "read", origin.worker);
+      if (deps.ledger.inspectWorker === undefined || Option.isNone(deps.deliveries))
+        return yield* failure(operation, "unavailable");
+      const threadId = origin.worker.threadId;
+      const deliveries = deps.deliveries.value;
+
+      const pending = () =>
+        deliveries
+          .list({ ownerThreadId: context.source.threadId, pendingWorker: threadId, limit: 1 })
+          .pipe(
+            Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)),
+            Effect.map((page) => page.items[0]),
+          );
+
+      const tail = () =>
+        deps.store.inspectTail(ThreadTailRequest.make({ threadId })).pipe(
+          Effect.catchTag("ThreadNotMaterialized", () => Effect.succeed(undefined)),
+          Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)),
+        );
+
+      const receipt = (row: SubmissionSnapshot): Receipt => ({
+        threadId: row.threadId,
+        submissionId: row.submissionId,
+        receiptId: row.receiptId,
+        queueSequence: row.queueSequence,
+      });
+
+      const input = (row: SubmissionSnapshot) => {
+        if (row.workerAdmission === undefined || !sameOrigin(row.workerAdmission.origin, origin))
+          return failure(operation, "corrupt");
+
+        return Effect.succeed({ receipt: receipt(row), messageId: row.workerAdmission.messageId });
+      };
+
+      const submission = (submissionId: SubmissionId) =>
+        deps.ledger.lookup(SubmissionLookupById.make({ submissionId })).pipe(
+          Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)),
+          Effect.flatMap((row) =>
+            Option.isNone(row) ? failure(operation, "corrupt") : Effect.succeed(row.value),
+          ),
+        );
+
+      // Native pages and exact lookups only. Retry changing watermarks instead of combining
+      // acceptance, application and completion facts that never coexisted.
+      for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 16; attempt++) {
+        const delivery = yield* pending();
+
+        const control = yield* deps.ledger
+          .inspectWorker(threadId)
+          .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)));
+
+        const current = yield* tail();
+
+        const records =
+          current === undefined
+            ? []
+            : yield* deps.store
+                .read({
+                  threadId,
+                  selection: {
+                    _tag: "WorkerExecution",
+                    expectedTailSequence: current.tailSequence,
+                    expectedTailDigest: current.tailDigest,
+                  },
+                  page: { limit: 2 },
+                })
+                .pipe(
+                  Stream.runCollect,
+                  Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)),
+                  Effect.catch((error) =>
+                    Effect.gen(function* () {
+                      // An unavailable recheck cannot justify discarding the original error.
+                      const after = yield* tail().pipe(Effect.orElseSucceed(() => current));
+
+                      if (
+                        after !== undefined &&
+                        (current.tailSequence !== after.tailSequence ||
+                          current.tailDigest !== after.tailDigest)
+                      )
+                        return undefined;
+
+                      return yield* error;
+                    }),
+                  ),
+                );
+
+        if (records === undefined) continue;
+
+        const applied = records.find((entry) => entry.record.payload._tag === "UserInputRecorded");
+
+        const started = records.find((entry) => entry.record.payload._tag === "RunStarted")?.record
+          .payload;
+
+        const acceptedInput = control.latest === null ? null : yield* input(control.latest);
+        let appliedInput: WorkerSummary["appliedInput"] = null;
+        let run: WorkerSummary["run"] = null;
+
+        if (applied?.record.payload._tag === "UserInputRecorded") {
+          const value = applied.record.payload;
+
+          if (value.submissionId === undefined || value.runId === undefined)
+            return yield* failure(operation, "corrupt");
+          appliedInput = {
+            ...(yield* input(yield* submission(value.submissionId))),
+            runId: value.runId,
+            sequence: applied.sequence,
+          };
+        }
+        if (started?._tag === "RunStarted") {
+          const initial = Option.getOrUndefined(
+            yield* getRunInput({ threadId, runId: started.runId }).pipe(
+              Effect.provideService(ThreadStore, deps.store),
+              Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)),
+            ),
+          )?.record.payload;
+
+          if (initial?._tag !== "UserInputRecorded" || initial.submissionId === undefined)
+            return yield* failure(operation, "corrupt");
+          const host = yield* input(yield* submission(initial.submissionId));
+
+          const terminal = Option.getOrUndefined(
+            yield* exactRecord(
+              threadId,
+              submissionSettlementRecordId(initial.submissionId),
+              operation,
+            ),
+          )?.record.payload;
+
+          if (
+            terminal !== undefined &&
+            (terminal._tag !== "SubmissionSettled" || terminal.runId !== started.runId)
+          )
+            return yield* failure(operation, "corrupt");
+
+          run = {
+            runId: started.runId,
+            hostReceipt: host.receipt,
+            outcome: terminal?.outcome ?? null,
+            disposition: terminal?.runDisposition ?? null,
+          };
+        }
+
+        const after = yield* deps.ledger
+          .inspectWorker(threadId)
+          .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure(operation)));
+
+        const afterTail = yield* tail();
+        const afterDelivery = yield* pending();
+
+        if (
+          !Schema.toEquivalence(WorkerLedgerState)(control, after) ||
+          current?.tailSequence !== afterTail?.tailSequence ||
+          current?.tailDigest !== afterTail?.tailDigest ||
+          delivery?.key.messageId !== afterDelivery?.key.messageId ||
+          delivery?.version !== afterDelivery?.version
+        )
+          continue;
+
+        return {
+          worker: origin.worker,
+          latestReceipt: acceptedInput?.receipt ?? null,
+          state:
+            control.terminal ??
+            (control.stopped
+              ? control.active === null
+                ? "stopped"
+                : "stopping"
+              : control.active !== null
+                ? "active"
+                : delivery !== undefined
+                  ? "starting"
+                  : "idle"),
+          acceptedInput,
+          appliedInput,
+          run,
+          pendingDelivery:
+            delivery === undefined ? null : yield* deliveryStatus(delivery, operation),
+          watermark: {
+            canonicalSequence: current?.tailSequence ?? 0,
+            acceptedQueueSequence: control.latest?.queueSequence ?? 0,
+            pendingDeliveryVersion: delivery?.version ?? null,
+          },
+        };
+      }
+
+      return yield* failure(operation, "storage");
+    });
+
+    return {
+      context: Effect.gen(function* () {
+        yield* authorize("context", "context");
+        if (context.depth !== 0) return context;
+        const source = yield* sourceAuthority(context.source.threadId, sourceSubmissionId);
+
+        return {
+          ...context,
+          policy: Option.getOrElse(source.policyOverride, () => context.policy),
+        };
+      }),
+      resolveTargetPolicy: Effect.fn("WorkerHost.resolvePreparedTargetPolicy")(function* (request) {
+        const previous =
+          request.continuationOf === undefined
+            ? undefined
+            : yield* completedContinuation(
+                context.source,
+                request.continuationOf,
+                request.target.id,
+                request.continuationOf.delegationId,
+              );
+
+        const admission = yield* currentStart(
+          yield* CurrentStartPreparation,
+          context.source.threadId,
+          sourceSubmissionId,
+          principal,
+          request.target.id,
+          previous?.evidence,
+        );
+
+        yield* authorize("start", "send", undefined, previous?.evidence, admission);
+
+        return (yield* preparedTarget(
+          request.target,
+          request.encodedInput,
+          previous?.evidence,
+          admission,
+        )).policy;
+      }),
+      start: Effect.fn("WorkerHost.start")(function* <E = never, R = never>(
+        command: StartWorkerRequest | DeferredStartWorkerRequest<E, R>,
+      ): Effect.fn.Return<WorkerStarted, WorkerError | E, R> {
+        const previous =
+          command.continuationOf === undefined
+            ? undefined
+            : yield* completedContinuation(
+                context.source,
+                command.continuationOf,
+                command.target.id,
+                command.delegationId,
+              );
+
+        // Bind the decision to the tail before authorization. If it changes while the
+        // authorizer reads current state, currentStart rejects reuse of this decision.
+        const tail = yield* deps.store
+          .inspectTail(ThreadTailRequest.make({ threadId: context.source.threadId }))
+          .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("start")));
+
+        const principal = yield* authorize("start", "send", undefined, previous?.evidence);
+
+        const startAdmission: WorkerStartAdmission = {
+          sourceThreadId: context.source.threadId,
+          ...(sourceSubmissionId === undefined ? {} : { sourceSubmissionId }),
+          requestedPrincipal,
+          principal,
+          targetAgentId: command.target.id,
+          ...(previous === undefined ? {} : { continuationOf: previous.evidence }),
+          access: "send",
+          tailSequence: tail.tailSequence,
+          tailDigest: tail.tailDigest,
+        };
+
+        if (context.depth !== 0 && sourceSubmissionId === undefined)
+          return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+
+        const grant = yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(SubagentGrant)(command.encodedGrant).pipe(
+          Effect.mapError((cause) => failure("start", "corrupt", cause)),
+        );
+
+        const parameters = yield* decode(PersistedJson, command.encodedParameters, "start");
+
+        const messageId = yield* messageIdFor([
+          context.source.threadId,
+          command.delegationId,
+          command.idempotencyKey,
+        ]);
+
+        if (Option.isNone(deps.deliveries)) return yield* failure("start", "unavailable");
+        const deliveries = deps.deliveries.value;
+
+        const retained = () =>
+          deliveries
+            .get({ ownerThreadId: context.source.threadId, messageId })
+            .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("start")));
+
+        const replay = (saved: MessageDeliveryRecord) =>
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const currentPrevious =
+              command.continuationOf === undefined
+                ? undefined
+                : yield* completedContinuation(
+                    context.source,
+                    command.continuationOf,
+                    command.target.id,
+                    command.delegationId,
+                    previous?.evidence,
+                  );
+
+            const replayPrincipal = yield* authorize(
+              "start",
+              "send",
+              undefined,
+              currentPrevious?.evidence,
+            );
+
+            yield* binding(command.target, "start");
+            const metadata = saved.envelope.workerAdmission;
+
+            if (metadata === undefined) return yield* failure("start", "idempotency-conflict");
+            const origin = metadata.origin;
+
+            if (
+              !Schema.toEquivalence(Schema.UndefinedOr(WorkerContinuation))(
+                origin.continuationOf,
+                currentPrevious?.evidence,
+              ) ||
+              origin.firstMessageId !== messageId ||
+              metadata.messageId !== messageId ||
+              origin.source.threadId !== context.source.threadId ||
+              origin.worker.delegationId !== command.delegationId ||
+              origin.worker.targetAgentId !== command.target.id ||
+              !sameJson(metadata.parameters, parameters) ||
+              !Schema.toEquivalence(SubagentGrant)(origin.grant, grant) ||
+              origin.budgetScope !== command.budgetScope ||
+              origin.depth !== context.depth + 1 ||
+              (!("prepare" in command) &&
+                (!samePolicy(origin.policy, command.policy) ||
+                  !Schema.toEquivalence(WorkerOrigin.fields.budget)(
+                    origin.budget,
+                    command.budget,
+                  ) ||
+                  origin.toolCallAllowance !== command.toolCallAllowance))
+            )
+              return yield* failure("start", "idempotency-conflict");
+
+            yield* verifyContinuation(origin);
+
+            return {
+              worker: origin.worker,
+              delivery: yield* send(
+                origin,
+                messageId,
+                "prepare" in command ? saved.envelope.input : command.encodedInput,
+                parameters,
+                replayPrincipal,
+                "start",
+              ),
+            };
+          });
+
+        const existing = yield* retained();
+
+        if (existing !== null) return yield* replay(existing);
+
+        return yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const request =
+            "prepare" in command
+              ? {
+                  ...(yield* command.prepare.pipe(
+                    Effect.provideService(CurrentStartPreparation, startAdmission),
+                  )),
+                  ...command,
+                }
+              : command;
+
+          const currentPrevious =
+            command.continuationOf === undefined
+              ? undefined
+              : yield* completedContinuation(
+                  context.source,
+                  command.continuationOf,
+                  command.target.id,
+                  command.delegationId,
+                  previous?.evidence,
+                );
+
+          if (currentPrevious !== undefined) {
+            const preparedPrincipal = yield* authorize(
+              "start",
+              "send",
+              undefined,
+              currentPrevious.evidence,
+            );
+
+            if (preparedPrincipal !== principal) return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+          }
+
+          const prepared = yield* preparedTarget(
+            request.target,
+            request.encodedInput,
+            currentPrevious?.evidence,
+            startAdmission,
+          );
+
+          const resolved = prepared.resolved;
+
+          const sourcePolicy = Option.getOrElse(
+            prepared.source.policyOverride,
+            () => context.policy,
+          );
+
+          const now = yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis;
+          const sourceBinding = prepared.source.binding;
+
+          if (sourceBinding === undefined)
+            return yield* failure("start", "declaration-unavailable");
+
+          const reporting = yield* reportIntent(
+            sourceBinding,
+            resolved,
+            request.delegationId,
+            prepared.source,
+          );
+
+          if (reporting?.mode === "standard" && sourceSubmissionId === undefined)
+            return yield* failure("start", "denied");
+
+          const origin = yield* decode(
+            WorkerOrigin,
+            {
+              worker: {
+                schemaVersion: 1,
+                delegationId: request.delegationId,
+                targetAgentId: request.target.id,
+                threadId: Schema.decodeSync(ThreadId)(messageId),
+              },
+              source: context.source,
+              ...(currentPrevious === undefined
+                ? {}
+                : { continuationOf: currentPrevious.evidence }),
+              ...(resolved.definition.runDisposition?.workerLifecycle === "assignment"
+                ? { lifecycle: "assignment" }
+                : {}),
+              targetDigests: resolved.digests,
+              policy: request.policy,
+              budget: request.budget,
+              ...(request.budgetScope === undefined ? {} : { budgetScope: request.budgetScope }),
+              grant,
+              depth: context.depth + 1,
+              firstMessageId: messageId,
+              createdAtMillis: now,
+              expiresAtMillis: Math.min(
+                now + deps.limits.lifetimeMillis,
+                currentPrevious?.origin.expiresAtMillis ?? Infinity,
+              ),
+              ...(reporting === undefined ? {} : { reporting }),
+              ...(request.toolCallAllowance === undefined
+                ? {}
+                : { toolCallAllowance: request.toolCallAllowance }),
+            },
+            "start",
+          );
+
+          yield* authorizeBudget(
+            origin,
+            principal,
+            yield* currentStart(
+              startAdmission,
+              context.source.threadId,
+              sourceSubmissionId,
+              principal,
+              request.target.id,
+              currentPrevious?.evidence,
+            ),
+          );
+
+          const targetPolicy = Option.isSome(prepared.policy)
+            ? prepared.policy.value
+            : origin.budgetScope === "worker-run"
+              ? resolved.definition.policy
+              : AgentPolicy.resolve(
+                  resolved.definition.policyOverrides ?? resolved.definition.policy,
+                  sourcePolicy,
+                );
+
+          if (
+            !withinPolicy(
+              origin,
+              origin.budgetScope === "worker-run" ? targetPolicy : sourcePolicy,
+              targetPolicy,
+            )
+          )
+            return yield* failure("start", "capacity");
+
+          const delivery = yield* send(
+            origin,
+            messageId,
+            request.encodedInput,
+            request.encodedParameters,
+            principal,
+            "start",
+            startAdmission,
+          );
+
+          return { worker: origin.worker, delivery };
+        }).pipe(
+          Effect.catch((error) =>
+            Effect.gen(function* () {
+              if (!("prepare" in command)) return yield* Effect.fail(error);
+              // A concurrent first writer may have retained the command during preparation or insert.
+              // Only its exact declared arguments permit replay; absent proof preserves the failure.
+              const saved = yield* retained();
+
+              return saved === null ? yield* Effect.fail(error) : yield* replay(saved);
+            }),
+          ),
+        );
+      }),
+      followUp: Effect.fn("WorkerHost.followUp")(function* <E = never, R = never>(
+        command: FollowUpWorkerRequest | DeferredFollowUpWorkerRequest<E, R>,
+      ): Effect.fn.Return<MessageStatus, WorkerError | E, R> {
+        const principal = yield* authorize("followUp", "send", command.worker);
+        const origin = yield* findOrigin(command.worker, command.target, "followUp");
+
+        const currentPolicy = resolveTargetPolicy({
+          _tag: "RetainedWorker",
+          definition: command.target,
+          definitions: origin.targetDigests,
+          source: origin.source,
+          origin,
+        });
+
+        yield* currentPolicy;
+
+        const messageId = yield* messageIdFor([
+          context.source.threadId,
+          command.worker.threadId,
+          "followUp",
+          command.idempotencyKey,
+        ]);
+
+        if (Option.isNone(deps.deliveries)) return yield* failure("followUp", "unavailable");
+        const deliveries = deps.deliveries.value;
+
+        const retained = () =>
+          deliveries
+            .get({ ownerThreadId: context.source.threadId, messageId })
+            .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("followUp")));
+
+        const replay = (saved: MessageDeliveryRecord) =>
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const replayPrincipal = yield* authorize("followUp", "send", command.worker);
+
+            yield* currentPolicy;
+
+            return yield* send(
+              origin,
+              messageId,
+              saved.envelope.input,
+              command.encodedParameters,
+              replayPrincipal,
+              "followUp",
+            );
+          });
+
+        const existing = "prepare" in command ? yield* retained() : null;
+
+        if (existing !== null) return yield* replay(existing);
+
+        return yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const request =
+            "prepare" in command ? { ...(yield* command.prepare), ...command } : command;
+
+          yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(Schema.toEncoded(request.target.input))(
+            request.encodedInput,
+          ).pipe(Effect.mapError((cause) => failure("followUp", "corrupt", cause)));
+
+          let sendPrincipal = principal;
+
+          if ("prepare" in command) {
+            // Preparation can yield while authority changes, even when another writer saves equal input.
+            sendPrincipal = yield* authorize("followUp", "send", command.worker);
+            yield* currentPolicy;
+          }
+
+          return yield* send(
+            origin,
+            messageId,
+            request.encodedInput,
+            request.encodedParameters,
+            sendPrincipal,
+            "followUp",
+          );
+        }).pipe(
+          Effect.catch((error) =>
+            Effect.gen(function* () {
+              if (!("prepare" in command)) return yield* Effect.fail(error);
+              // A concurrent first writer can retain the original correction during preparation.
+              // Replay rechecks current authority before reusing its immutable envelope.
+              const saved = yield* retained();
+
+              return saved === null ? yield* Effect.fail(error) : yield* replay(saved);
+            }),
+          ),
+        );
+      }),
+      inspect: Effect.fn("WorkerHost.inspect")(function* (request) {
+        yield* authorize("inspect", "read", request.worker);
+
+        if ("message" in request) {
+          const message = yield* Schema.decodeEffect(MessageRef)(request.message).pipe(
+            Effect.mapError((cause) => failure("inspect", "message-mismatch", cause)),
+          );
+
+          if (message.ownerThreadId !== context.source.threadId)
+            return yield* failure("inspect", "denied");
+          yield* binding(request.target, "inspect");
+          if (request.worker.targetAgentId !== request.target.id)
+            return yield* failure("inspect", "worker-mismatch");
+          if (Option.isNone(deps.deliveries)) return yield* failure("inspect", "unavailable");
+
+          const row = yield* deps.deliveries.value
+            .get(message)
+            .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("inspect")));
+
+          if (row === null) return yield* failure("inspect", "not-found");
+          const admission = row.envelope.workerAdmission;
+
+          if (
+            admission === undefined ||
+            !Schema.toEquivalence(MessageRef)(row.key, message) ||
+            admission.messageId !== message.messageId ||
+            admission.origin.source.threadId !== context.source.threadId ||
+            !Schema.toEquivalence(WorkerRef)(admission.origin.worker, request.worker) ||
+            row.envelope.threadId !== request.worker.threadId ||
+            row.envelope.agentId !== request.target.id ||
+            row.envelope.admissionKey !== message.messageId
+          )
+            return yield* failure("inspect", "message-mismatch");
+
+          // Retention precedes source reservation and child materialization. Read its own
+          // evidence without requiring either execution journal or attempting delivery again.
+          return yield* deliveryStatus(row, "inspect");
+        }
+
+        const admission = yield* receiptInput(request, "inspect");
+
+        const status = yield* deps
+          .status(request.receipt)
+          .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("inspect")));
+
+        return status._tag === "pending"
+          ? { _tag: "Pending" as const, receipt: request.receipt }
+          : yield* observation(request, admission, status.settlement);
+      }),
+      summary: Effect.fn("WorkerHost.inspectWorker")(function* (request) {
+        yield* authorize("inspect", "read", request.worker);
+        const origin = yield* findOrigin(request.worker, request.target, "inspect");
+
+        return yield* summarize(origin, "inspect");
+      }),
+      observe: (request) =>
+        Stream.unwrap(
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            yield* authorize("observe", "read", request.worker);
+            yield* findOrigin(request.worker, request.target, "observe");
+            const after = request.after ?? 0;
+
+            if (!Number.isSafeInteger(after) || after < 0)
+              return yield* failure("observe", "corrupt");
+
+            const tail = yield* deps.store
+              .inspectTail(ThreadTailRequest.make({ threadId: request.worker.threadId }))
+              .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("observe")));
+
+            return Stream.paginate(after, (cursor) =>
+              Effect.gen(function* () {
+                if (cursor >= tail.tailSequence) return [[], Option.none<number>()] as const;
+                const limit = Math.min(256, tail.tailSequence - cursor);
+
+                const page = yield* deps.store
+                  .read(
+                    ThreadRead.make({
+                      threadId: request.worker.threadId,
+                      afterSequence: Schema.decodeSync(CanonicalSequence)(cursor),
+                      limit,
+                    }),
+                  )
+                  .pipe(Stream.runCollect, Effect.mapError(storageFailure("observe")));
+
+                if (
+                  page.length === 0 ||
+                  page.length > limit ||
+                  page.some(
+                    (entry, index) =>
+                      entry.threadId !== request.worker.threadId ||
+                      entry.sequence !== cursor + index + 1,
+                  )
+                )
+                  return yield* failure("observe", "corrupt");
+
+                const entries = yield* Effect.forEach(page, (entry) =>
+                  Schema.encodeEffect(RecordEnvelope)(entry.record).pipe(
+                    Effect.flatMap((record) =>
+                      Schema.decodeEffect(WorkerHistoryEntry)({
+                        sequence: entry.sequence,
+                        recordId: entry.record.recordId,
+                        record,
+                      }),
+                    ),
+                    Effect.mapError((cause) => failure("observe", "corrupt", cause)),
+                  ),
+                );
+
+                const next = cursor + page.length;
+
+                return [
+                  entries,
+                  next >= tail.tailSequence ? Option.none<number>() : Option.some(next),
+                ] as const;
+              }),
+            );
+          }),
+        ),
+      await: Effect.fn("WorkerHost.await")(function* (request) {
+        yield* authorize("await", "read", request.worker);
+        const admission = yield* receiptInput(request, "await");
+
+        while (true) {
+          const status = yield* deps
+            .status(request.receipt)
+            .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("await")));
+
+          if (status._tag === "settled")
+            return yield* observation(request, admission, status.settlement);
+          // Poll the same host-routed read used by inspect. Interruption stops only this wait.
+          yield* Effect.sleep(deps.settlementPollInterval);
+        }
+      }),
+      list: Effect.fn("WorkerHost.list")(function* (request) {
+        yield* authorize("list", "read");
+        yield* binding(request.target, "list");
+        if (!Number.isSafeInteger(request.limit) || request.limit < 1 || request.limit > 100)
+          return yield* failure("list", "capacity");
+        if (Option.isNone(deps.deliveries)) return yield* failure("list", "unavailable");
+
+        const page = yield* deps.deliveries.value
+          .list({
+            ownerThreadId: context.source.threadId,
+            limit: request.limit,
+            workerStarts: { delegationId: request.delegationId, targetAgentId: request.target.id },
+            ...(request.after === undefined
+              ? {}
+              : { after: Schema.decodeSync(IdempotencyKey)(request.after) }),
+          })
+          .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("list")));
+
+        const items = yield* Effect.forEach(page.items, (row) => {
+          const origin = row.envelope.workerAdmission?.origin;
+
+          return origin === undefined || origin.firstMessageId !== row.key.messageId
+            ? failure("list", "corrupt")
+            : summarize(origin, "list");
+        });
+
+        return { items, next: page.next === null ? null : Schema.decodeSync(ThreadId)(page.next) };
+      }),
+      stop: Effect.fn("WorkerHost.stop")(function* (request) {
+        const principal = yield* authorize("stop", "control", request.worker);
+
+        yield* findOrigin(request.worker, request.target, "stop");
+        if (deps.ledger.stopWorker === undefined) return yield* failure("stop", "unavailable");
+        const command = yield* decode(WorkerStop, request, "stop");
+
+        const id = Schema.decodeSync(RecordId)(
+          `worker-stop:${yield* messageIdFor([context.source.threadId, request.idempotencyKey])}`,
+        );
+
+        let retained = false;
+
+        for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 16; attempt++) {
+          const current = yield* deps.store
+            .inspectTail(ThreadTailRequest.make({ threadId: context.source.threadId }))
+            .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("stop")));
+
+          const prior = Option.getOrUndefined(
+            yield* exactRecord(context.source.threadId, id, "stop"),
+          )?.record.payload;
+
+          if (prior !== undefined) {
+            if (
+              prior._tag !== "WorkerStopRequested" ||
+              !Schema.toEquivalence(WorkerStop)(prior.command, command)
+            )
+              return yield* failure("stop", "idempotency-conflict");
+            retained = true;
+            break;
+          }
+          if (
+            yield* append(
+              context.source.threadId,
+              id,
+              WorkerStopRequested.make({ command }),
+              { ...current, records: [] },
+              "stop",
+            )
+          ) {
+            retained = true;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        if (!retained) return yield* failure("stop", "storage");
+        // The destination serializes this seal with admission. Replays retain every earlier
+        // abort intent and wait for active handlers/finalizers, rather than acknowledging a hint.
+        while (true) {
+          yield* hit("worker:before-stop-seal", "stop");
+
+          const owned = yield* deps.ledger
+            .stopWorker({ threadId: request.worker.threadId, author: principal })
+            .pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("stop")));
+
+          yield* hit("worker:after-stop-seal", "stop");
+          if (owned === 0) return command;
+          yield* Effect.sleep(deps.settlementPollInterval);
+        }
+      }),
+      cancel: Effect.fn("WorkerHost.cancel")(function* (request) {
+        const principal = yield* authorize("cancel", "control", request.worker);
+
+        yield* receiptInput(request, "cancel");
+        yield* deps
+          .abort(
+            AbortCommand.make({
+              submissionId: request.receipt.submissionId,
+              author: principal,
+              reason: "Worker owner requested cancellation of this Receipt",
+            }),
+          )
+          .pipe(
+            Effect.mapError((error) =>
+              error._tag === "JoinedToHost" ? error : failure("cancel", "storage", error),
+            ),
+          );
+      }),
+    };
+  };
+
+  const validateCompletion = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.validateCompletion")(function* (
+    unvalidated: FrameworkMessage,
+    options: DurableSubmitOptions,
+    agentId: AgentId,
+    inputDigest: Digest,
+  ) {
+    const message = yield* Schema.decodeEffect(FrameworkMessage)(unvalidated).pipe(
+      Effect.mapError((cause) => failure("followUp", "corrupt", cause)),
+    );
+
+    const childThreadId =
+      message._tag === "WorkerCompletion"
+        ? message.report.worker.threadId
+        : message.worker.threadId;
+
+    const proofId =
+      message._tag === "WorkerCompletion"
+        ? workerReportRecordId(options.idempotencyKey)
+        : yield* withCrypto(
+            agentUpdateRecordId(
+              message.update.threadId,
+              message.update.runId,
+              message.update.updateId,
+            ),
+          ).pipe(Effect.mapError(storageFailure("followUp")));
+
+    const proof = Option.getOrUndefined(yield* exactRecord(childThreadId, proofId, "followUp"))
+      ?.record.payload;
+
+    const frozen =
+      message._tag === "WorkerCompletion"
+        ? proof?._tag === "WorkerReportPrepared" &&
+          proof.runId === message.report.runId &&
+          proof.messageId === options.idempotencyKey
+          ? proof.envelope
+          : undefined
+        : proof?._tag === "AgentUpdateEmitted" &&
+            Schema.toEquivalence(Update)(proof.update, message.update)
+          ? proof.delivery?.envelope
+          : undefined;
+
+    if (frozen === undefined) return yield* failure("followUp", "denied");
+
+    const envelope = yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(PreparedInput)(frozen).pipe(
+      Effect.mapError((cause) => failure("followUp", "corrupt", cause)),
+    );
+
+    if (
+      !Schema.is(FrameworkMessage)(envelope.messageAdmission) ||
+      !Schema.toEquivalence(FrameworkMessage)(envelope.messageAdmission, message) ||
+      envelope.threadId !== options.threadId ||
+      envelope.agentId !== agentId ||
+      envelope.inputDigest !== inputDigest ||
+      envelope.deliveryPrincipal !== options.principal ||
+      envelope.admissionKey !== options.idempotencyKey ||
+      !definitionDigestsEqual(envelope.definitions, options.definitions) ||
+      !Schema.toEquivalence(Schema.UndefinedOr(WorkerAdmission))(
+        envelope.workerAdmission,
+        options.workerAdmission,
+      )
+    )
+      return yield* failure("followUp", "denied");
+
+    const recorded = Option.getOrUndefined(
+      yield* exactRecord(childThreadId, workerOriginRecordId(childThreadId), "followUp"),
+    )?.record.payload;
+
+    if (
+      recorded?._tag !== "WorkerOriginRecorded" ||
+      recorded.origin.worker.threadId !== childThreadId ||
+      recorded.origin.reporting?.mode !== "standard"
+    )
+      return yield* failure("followUp", "denied");
+    const origin = recorded.origin;
+
+    const first = Option.getOrUndefined(
+      yield* exactRecord(
+        origin.source.threadId,
+        workerInputRecordId(origin.firstMessageId),
+        "followUp",
+      ),
+    )?.record.payload;
+
+    if (
+      first?._tag !== "WorkerInputRequested" ||
+      first.admission.messageId !== origin.firstMessageId ||
+      !sameOrigin(first.admission.origin, origin)
+    )
+      return yield* failure("followUp", "denied");
+    const receiving = envelope.workerAdmission;
+
+    const sourceSubmissionId =
+      receiving === undefined ? first.admission.sourceSubmissionId : receiving.sourceSubmissionId;
+
+    // Emission only persists the child's outbound message. The receiving runtime
+    // calls this before acceptance and checks live permission, including revocation.
+    // A frozen return address never substitutes for destination authorization.
+    const principal = yield* deps.authorizer.authorize({
+      sourceThreadId: receiving?.origin.source.threadId ?? origin.source.threadId,
+      ...(sourceSubmissionId === undefined ? {} : { sourceSubmissionId }),
+      principal: options.principal,
+      operation: "followUp",
+      access: "report",
+      worker: receiving?.origin.worker ?? origin.worker,
+    });
+
+    if (principal !== options.principal) return yield* failure("followUp", "denied");
+
+    return message;
+  });
+
+  const acquire = Effect.fn("WorkerHost.acquire")(function* (request: {
+    readonly sourceThreadId: ThreadId;
+    readonly principal: Principal;
+    readonly sourceSubmissionId?: SubmissionId;
+  }) {
+    const { sourceThreadId, principal } = request;
+
+    yield* deps.authorizer.authorize({
+      sourceThreadId,
+      ...(request.sourceSubmissionId === undefined
+        ? {}
+        : { sourceSubmissionId: request.sourceSubmissionId }),
+      principal,
+      operation: "context",
+      access: "context",
+    });
+    const current = yield* readIdentity(sourceThreadId, "context");
+    const created = current.records[0]?.record.payload;
+
+    if (created?._tag !== "ThreadCreated") return yield* failure("context", "not-found");
+
+    const selected =
+      request.sourceSubmissionId === undefined
+        ? undefined
+        : yield* sourceAuthority(sourceThreadId, request.sourceSubmissionId);
+
+    const resolved = selected === undefined ? currentBinding(created.agentId) : selected.binding;
+
+    if (resolved === undefined) return yield* failure("context", "declaration-unavailable");
+
+    const origin = current.records.find(
+      ({ record }) => record.payload._tag === "WorkerOriginRecorded",
+    )?.record.payload;
+
+    const attached = current.records.find(
+      ({ record }) => record.payload._tag === "SubagentLineageRecorded",
+    )?.record.payload;
+
+    const retained =
+      origin?._tag === "WorkerOriginRecorded"
+        ? origin.origin
+        : attached?._tag === "SubagentLineageRecorded"
+          ? attached
+          : undefined;
+
+    return facet(
+      {
+        source: {
+          _tag: "programmatic",
+          threadId: sourceThreadId,
+          agentId: selected?.submission?.agentId ?? created.agentId,
+        },
+        policy:
+          retained?.policy ?? selected?.binding?.definition.policy ?? resolved.definition.policy,
+        depth:
+          origin?._tag === "WorkerOriginRecorded"
+            ? origin.origin.depth
+            : attached?._tag === "SubagentLineageRecorded"
+              ? attached.parentLink.depth
+              : 0,
+        ...(retained?.grant === undefined ? {} : { grant: retained.grant }),
+      },
+      principal,
+      request.sourceSubmissionId,
+    );
+  });
+
+  return {
+    facet,
+    prepareUpdate,
+    acquire,
+    validateCompletion,
+    validateAdmission,
+    ensureOrigin,
+    completeInput,
+    reserveSubtree,
+  };
+});