edf2csv 0.9.6 → 0.9.8

package/dist/convert/time-range.js

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  * reading off a clock. All three are accepted; anything ambiguous is rejected with
  * a message that shows the forms that work.
  */
-import { fixed, formatDuration } from '../format/number.js';
+import { fixed, formatDuration, withinLine } from '../format/number.js';
 import { assertOptions, assertRecordShape, describeValue, OptionError } from './options.js';
 export class TimeRangeError extends Error {
     constructor(message) {
@@ -573,6 +573,9 @@ function formatSeconds(seconds) {
       re-introduced the exponent form that `toFixed` had produced.
     */
     const text = fixed(seconds, 3);
-    return `${text.includes('.') ? text.replace(/\.?0+$/u, '') : text}s`;
+    const trimmed = text.includes('.') ? text.replace(/\.?0+$/u, '') : text;
+    // And the same ceiling, for the same reason: this renders a bound out of the recording's own
+    // header, and a record duration of 1e308 puts 309 digits in the sentence. See `withinLine`.
+    return `${withinLine(trimmed, seconds)}s`;
 }
 //# sourceMappingURL=time-range.js.map

package/dist/convert/time-range.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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* Parsing for the time-range options.\n *\n * Researchers write offsets in whatever form is natural for the recording in front\n * of them: seconds for a short ECG strip, `30m` into a sleep study, `01:23:45` when\n * reading off a clock. All three are accepted; anything ambiguous is rejected with\n * a message that shows the forms that work.\n */\n\nimport { fixed, formatDuration } from '../format/number.js';\nimport { assertOptions, assertRecordShape, describeValue, OptionError } from './options.js';\n\nexport class TimeRangeError extends Error {\n  constructor(message: string) {\n    super(message);\n    this.name = 'TimeRangeError';\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Every spelling of a unit this accepts, and what one of it is worth in seconds.\n *\n * Exported so the spellings can be enumerated by a test rather than listed a second time:\n * twelve of these sixteen are named nowhere in the tool or its documentation, and none of\n * their values was checked by anything. `hrs: 360` would have converted `--start 2hrs` from\n * twelve minutes in and said nothing, which is the one kind of mistake a window may not make.\n */\nexport const UNIT_SECONDS: Record<string, number> = {\n  h: 3600,\n  hr: 3600,\n  hrs: 3600,\n  hour: 3600,\n  hours: 3600,\n  m: 60,\n  min: 60,\n  mins: 60,\n  minute: 60,\n  minutes: 60,\n  s: 1,\n  sec: 1,\n  secs: 1,\n  second: 1,\n  seconds: 1,\n  ms: 0.001,\n};\n\nconst CLOCK = /^(?:(\\d+):)?(\\d{1,2}):(\\d{1,2}(?:\\.\\d+)?)$/u;\nconst UNIT_TOKEN = /(\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?)\\s*([a-z]+)/giu;\n\n/**\n * Parse a duration or offset into seconds.\n *\n * Accepted: `90`, `90s`, `5m`, `1h30m`, `1h 30m 15s`, `00:30:00`, `30:00`, `250ms`.\n *\n * `allowNegative` is for the two options that name a position rather than a length.\n *\n * A recording is timed from its first record's timekeeping annotation, and nothing obliges that\n * to sit at or after zero: a file whose records run from -100 s to -97 s is one this tool reads,\n * times from -100, and describes with\n *\n *     Timed from -100.000s  (first sample; --start and --end use this clock)\n *\n * That line says the number can be typed straight back in, and it could not be. Every offset\n * such a recording has came back as \"not a time I understand\", so its whole clock was\n * unreachable and no window of it could be converted at all — the one file shape where a\n * window is refused for naming a moment the recording actually contains.\n *\n * A length below zero is still a different thing, and `--duration` still refuses one.\n */\nexport function parseTimeSpec(input: string, optionName?: string, allowNegative = false): number {\n  /*\n    A name for the value, when the caller has not given one.\n\n    Every refusal below opens with it, and the CLI passes the flag — `--start \"1,5\" is not a\n    time I understand`. This is also the function the api page sends other people's users to,\n    and a caller who writes the one-argument call its neighbours take got\n\n        TimeRangeError: undefined is empty. Try a value like 30s, 5m, or 00:30:00.\n\n    on every one of the eleven messages in here. The paragraph below hardened `input` for\n    exactly that caller; the argument beside it could still put the word `undefined` at the\n    front of the sentence.\n\n    Coerced rather than refused, unlike `input`: this one names the value in a message rather\n    than being the value, so there is a right answer to fall back on and nothing is lost by\n    using it. An empty or non-string name takes the same route, since `\"\" is empty.` is the\n    same sentence with a different hole in it.\n  */\n  const named =\n    typeof optionName === 'string' && optionName.trim() !== '' ? optionName : 'The value';\n  /*\n    Text, because this is the function the API page points other people's users at: \"Use\n    `parseTimeSpec` if you want to accept those forms from your own users.\"\n\n    A value arriving from a JSON config or a form field is a number as often as a string, and\n    `{ \"start\": 30 }` came back as `TypeError: input.trim is not a function` — a variable name\n    from inside this file, thrown past a caller who had done exactly what the page told them\n    to. Every other refusal here is a TimeRangeError quoting the value and the option. The\n    number is not coerced, for the reason `channels: 'ECG'` is not iterated: a shape that\n    happens to work for 30 also swallows NaN, and the CLI already writes `String(raw)`.\n  */\n  if (typeof input !== 'string') {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${named} must be given as text, not ${describeValue(input)}. ` +\n        `Seconds are written \"30\", and the other forms are \"30s\", \"5m\", \"1h30m\", \"00:30:00\".`,\n    );\n  }\n  const trimmed = input.trim().toLowerCase();\n  if (trimmed === '') {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(`${named} is empty. Try a value like 30s, 5m, or 00:30:00.`);\n  }\n\n  /*\n    The sign is read off the front and applied to the whole value, so `-1h30m` is an hour and a\n    half before the origin rather than an hour before it and half an hour after.\n\n    Nothing may sit between the sign and the number, and a leading `+` is still refused: every\n    other number this tool takes is refused when written in a form nobody types, and `+5` is\n    exactly what `--decimals` and `--jobs` reject one flag over.\n  */\n  const negative = trimmed.startsWith('-');\n  const text = negative ? trimmed.slice(1) : trimmed;\n\n  /*\n    A leading plus, named as such.\n\n    Refusing it is deliberate — see the paragraph above — but it came back as \"is not a time I\n    understand. Try 30s, 5m, 1h30m, 00:30:00, or a plain number of seconds\", which is the\n    message for input that could not be read at all. Every part of `+5s` was read: the number\n    parsed, the unit was looked up and found. The one thing wrong with it is a character the\n    reader put there on purpose, and they were sent to re-check their unit spellings with `5m`\n    sitting in the list of suggestions, differing from what they typed by the sign they cannot\n    see is the problem. 0.7.102 made this argument about a space; this is the same sentence\n    about the other character that reaches it. `--decimals` and `--jobs` both quote the value\n    back and say what is wrong with it.\n\n    Every plus, not the first one, and the leftover space with it — the same rule the spaced\n    refusal below applies to spaces, for the same reason: a hint whose command this function\n    refuses is worse than no hint. `+1h+30m` was answered with `1h+30m`, which comes straight\n    back as \"is not a time I understand\", and `+ 5s` with a value that opened on a space.\n  */\n  if (text.startsWith('+')) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${named} \"${input}\" begins with a plus. Write the number on its own: ` +\n        `${input.trim().replaceAll('+', '').trim()}`,\n    );\n  }\n  const signed = (seconds: number): number =>\n    assertFinite(negative ? -seconds : seconds, named, input, allowNegative);\n\n  // Bare number means seconds.\n  if (/^\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?$/u.test(text)) return signed(Number(text));\n\n  // Clock form: hh:mm:ss or mm:ss.\n  const clock = CLOCK.exec(text);\n  if (clock) {\n    const hours = clock[1] === undefined ? 0 : Number(clock[1]);\n    const minutes = Number(clock[2]);\n    const seconds = Number(clock[3]);\n    if (minutes >= 60 || seconds >= 60) {\n      throw new TimeRangeError(\n        `${named} \"${input}\" has a minutes or seconds field of 60 or more.`,\n      );\n    }\n    return signed(hours * 3600 + minutes * 60 + seconds);\n  }\n\n  // Unit form: 1h30m, 1h30m 15s, 250ms. A number sits directly against its unit; see below.\n  UNIT_TOKEN.lastIndex = 0;\n  let total = 0;\n  let matched = 0;\n  let consumed = 0;\n  /** Whether any token had a space between its number and its unit. See the refusal below. */\n  let spaced = false;\n  let match: RegExpExecArray | null;\n  // Which units have already been seen, so a repeat can be rejected rather than added.\n  const seen = new Set<number>();\n  while ((match = UNIT_TOKEN.exec(text)) !== null) {\n    const amount = Number(match[1]);\n    const unit = match[2] ?? '';\n    const scale = UNIT_SECONDS[unit];\n    if (scale === undefined) {\n      throw new TimeRangeError(\n        `${named} \"${input}\" uses an unknown unit \"${unit}\". Use h, m, s or ms, ` +\n          `or their long forms: hours, minutes, seconds.`,\n      );\n    }\n\n    // \"1h1h\" is a typo, not a request for two hours. Summing repeated units silently\n    // turned a slip into a plausible window that was quietly the wrong length. Units are\n    // keyed by their scale so the aliases collapse together: \"1h30min20m\" is caught too.\n    if (seen.has(scale)) {\n      throw new TimeRangeError(\n        `${named} \"${input}\" gives the same unit twice. ` +\n          `Combine each unit once, as in 1h30m.`,\n      );\n    }\n    seen.add(scale);\n\n    total += amount * scale;\n    matched++;\n    // Counted with the whitespace taken out, so the comparison below is against the same\n    // string on both sides and a space inside a token reaches the refusal written for it\n    // rather than the one about input that could not be read at all.\n    consumed += match[0].replace(/\\s+/gu, '').length;\n    if (/\\s/u.test(match[0])) spaced = true;\n  }\n\n  // Reject partially-understood input like \"5x\" or \"1h banana\".\n  if (matched === 0 || consumed !== text.replace(/\\s+/gu, '').length) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${named} \"${input}\" is not a time I understand. ` +\n        `Try 30s, 5m, 1h30m, 00:30:00, or a plain number of seconds.`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  /*\n    A space between a number and its unit, named as such.\n\n    `5 min` is refused on purpose — cli-reference sets the rule out, and it is what keeps\n    `1 2h` from being read as anything — but it came back as \"is not a time I understand. Try\n    30s, 5m, 1h30m, 00:30:00, or a plain number of seconds\", which is the message for input\n    that could not be read at all. Every part of `5 min` was read: the number parsed, the unit\n    was looked up in the table and found. The one thing wrong with it is a space, and the\n    reader was sent to re-check their unit spellings instead — with `5m` sitting in the list of\n    suggestions, differing from what they typed by a character they cannot see is the problem.\n\n    Only reachable now that the count above ignores whitespace; before, the length check caught\n    these first and there was nothing left to tell them apart by.\n  */\n  if (spaced) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${named} \"${input}\" puts a space between a number and its unit. ` +\n        `Write them together: ${input.trim().replace(/(\\d)\\s+([a-z])/giu, '$1$2')}`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  return signed(total);\n}\n\nfunction assertFinite(\n  value: number,\n  optionName: string,\n  input: string,\n  allowNegative: boolean,\n): number {\n  /*\n    Overflow answers for itself, rather than borrowing the sentence about signs.\n\n    One branch covered two rejections. `--start` with four hundred nines is a positive value\n    that `Number` returns as `Infinity`, and the answer was `is not a valid non-negative\n    time` — which names the one thing about it that is not the problem. Worse on the two\n    options this is called with `allowNegative` for: `--start` and `--end` take a sign on\n    purpose, since a recording timed from before zero has no other way to be addressed, so\n    \"non-negative\" is not their rule at all and overflow is the only way they reach here.\n  */\n  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${optionName} \"${input}\" is further from zero than a number of seconds can hold.`,\n    );\n  }\n  if (!allowNegative && value < 0) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(`${optionName} \"${input}\" is not a valid non-negative time.`);\n  }\n  return value;\n}\n\nexport interface ResolvedRange {\n  /** Inclusive start, in seconds from the beginning of the recording. */\n  startSeconds: number;\n  /** Exclusive end, in seconds. */\n  endSeconds: number;\n  /** First data record touching the window. */\n  startRecord: number;\n  /** One past the last data record touching the window. */\n  endRecord: number;\n  /** True when the window covers the whole recording. */\n  isWholeRecording: boolean;\n  /** Earliest record start, including EDF+D timing gaps. */\n  recordingStartSeconds: number;\n  /** End of the latest record, including EDF+D timing gaps. */\n  recordingEndSeconds: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * Slack for comparisons at sample/window boundaries.\n *\n * A nanosecond is far below any real sampling interval — 20 kHz is 50 microseconds — so it\n * absorbs the arithmetic error in `recordStart + sample / rate` without reaching a\n * neighbouring sample.\n */\nexport const BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE = 1e-9;\n\n/**\n * The slack to use for a channel sampled this often.\n *\n * Never past half a sample interval, because slack that reaches the next sample stops being\n * slack — half is the most that cannot, since the nearest sample below a bound sits a whole\n * interval away from it. `Math.min` takes exactly half at rates above 500 MHz, which is where\n * this said \"never as much as half\" of a formula that returns it. A fixed nanosecond was\n * applied whatever the rate, and the format does not\n * oblige the interval to be larger than it: EDF's record duration is an 8-character field\n * that accepts `1e-9`. A recording of two 1 ns records holding ten samples each wrote ten of\n * its twenty rows — the window ends at 2e-9, the comparison asked for `time < 2e-9 - 1e-9`,\n * and the entire second record failed it. Exit 0, no warning, half the samples gone.\n */\nexport function toleranceFor(rate: number): number {\n  if (!(rate > 0) || !Number.isFinite(rate)) return BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE;\n  return Math.min(BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE, 1 / rate / 2);\n}\n\n/** Match the exact half-open boundary rules used while writing signal rows. */\nexport function sampleTimeIsInRange(\n  time: number,\n  startSeconds: number,\n  endSeconds: number,\n  tolerance: number = BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE,\n): boolean {\n  return time >= startSeconds - tolerance && time < endSeconds - tolerance;\n}\n\n/** Count samples from one record that fall inside a half-open requested window. */\nexport function countSamplesInRange(options: {\n  recordStart: number;\n  rate: number;\n  samplesPerRecord: number;\n  startSeconds: number;\n  endSeconds: number;\n}): number {\n  /*\n    A record with no place on the clock contributes no rows, which is what the conversion\n    already does with one: its sample times are non-finite, so every one of them fails the\n    range test and none is written. The arithmetic below reached `Infinity - Infinity` and\n    answered `NaN`, which `--info` then printed — \"Would write NaN rows, roughly NaN B.\" on a\n    recording that goes on to write eight. Reachable from a header: a record duration of 1e308\n    is five characters in an eight-character field, and the third record of one is past what a\n    double can hold.\n  */\n  if (!Number.isFinite(options.recordStart)) return 0;\n  const slack = toleranceFor(options.rate);\n  const lower = Math.ceil(\n    (options.startSeconds - slack - options.recordStart) * options.rate,\n  );\n  const upper = Math.ceil(\n    (options.endSeconds - slack - options.recordStart) * options.rate,\n  );\n  const first = Math.max(0, Math.min(options.samplesPerRecord, lower));\n  const last = Math.max(0, Math.min(options.samplesPerRecord, upper));\n  return Math.max(0, last - first);\n}\n\n/**\n * Whether two instants differ only by the arithmetic that produced them.\n *\n * A relative epsilon, because the gap between doubles grows with magnitude — the same shape\n * the long layout uses to decide two sample times are one instant. Well below any real sample\n * interval, and well above the rounding that two routes to one quantity produce: a recording's\n * length is `recordCount * recordDuration`, which for 6003 records of 0.1s is not the 600.3 it\n * prints as.\n */\nfunction sameInstant(a: number, b: number): boolean {\n  /*\n    A relative tolerance has nothing to be relative to at infinity.\n\n    `Math.abs(a - Infinity)` is Infinity, and so is the allowance beside it, so\n    `Infinity <= Infinity` made every instant the same instant as an infinite one. A\n    recording whose end overflows a double — three records of 1e308 seconds, which an\n    8-character record-duration field can state and a timekeeping TAL can place — was\n    therefore refused the window nobody asked for:\n\n        $ edf2csv rec.edf --info\n        error: --start 0s is at or past the end of this unknown recording.\n\n    Exit 2 for a file, naming a flag the command did not carry, quoting a length that is\n    `formatDuration`'s word for a number it will not print. `--info` is the one command that\n    would have explained the file and it is the one that could not run.\n\n    Finite or equal, which is the only reading that means anything: two infinities are the\n    same non-instant, and a real offset is not one of them.\n  */\n  if (!Number.isFinite(a) || !Number.isFinite(b)) return a === b;\n  return Math.abs(a - b) <= Math.max(Math.abs(a), Math.abs(b)) * 1e-12;\n}\n\n/**\n * Turn a requested window into both an exact time span and the record range that\n * contains it. Records are the unit the file can be read in; the exact span is what\n * decides which samples inside those records are actually written.\n */\nexport function resolveRange(options: {\n  start?: number | undefined;\n  /** The `--start` value exactly as typed, quoted back in the past-the-end error. */\n  startText?: string | undefined;\n  duration?: number | undefined;\n  /** The `--duration` value exactly as typed, quoted back in the window error. */\n  durationText?: string | undefined;\n  end?: number | undefined;\n  /** The `--end` value exactly as typed, quoted back in the window error. */\n  endText?: string | undefined;\n  recordDuration: number;\n  recordCount: number;\n  /**\n   * True start time of each data record, for discontinuous files. When absent,\n   * records are assumed to sit end to end.\n   */\n  recordStarts?: Float64Array | null | undefined;\n}): ResolvedRange {\n  /*\n    The same check `buildPlan` makes, made here too, because this is exported on its own.\n\n    `assertOptions` sits at the top of `buildPlan`, so `convert` was covered and the function\n    underneath it was not — and this one has its own signature block on the API page.\n    `resolveRange({ start: NaN, ... })` resolved: no error, no warning, and a range read back\n    as `startSeconds: null, startRecord: null`, which is the \"takes the whole recording\n    without saying so\" that comment names. `{ end: '2' }` was coerced by the arithmetic and\n    accepted; `{ start: '30' }` reached the past-the-end error and printed it with the value\n    missing — `--start s is at or past the end of this 3s recording`.\n  */\n  /*\n    The argument bag itself, before three properties are read off it.\n\n    `resolveRange(42)` read `.start` off a number, which is `undefined` rather than a throw, and\n    went on to answer with a range; `resolveRange(null)` reached the same line and came back as\n    `TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading 'start')`, naming a property of this\n    function's own parameter.\n  */\n  if (options === null || typeof options !== 'object') {\n    throw new OptionError(\n      `resolveRange takes one object — the recording's shape and the window asked of it — ` +\n        `got ${describeValue(options)}.`,\n    );\n  }\n  assertOptions({ start: options.start, duration: options.duration, end: options.end });\n  /*\n    And the two numbers the window is measured against, which that call does not cover.\n\n    `assertOptions` checks what was asked for; these are what it is asked of, and nothing\n    looked at them. `resolveRange({ start: 1, recordDuration: 1 })` — no `recordCount` —\n    answered `{ startSeconds: 0, endSeconds: null, startRecord: 0, endRecord: 0 }`: a window\n    over no records, handed back as a fact about a recording. `resolveRange(42)` reached the\n    same answer, since reading `.start` off a number is `undefined` rather than a throw.\n\n    The check `buildPlan` has made since 0.8.64, made here too, because this is exported on\n    its own — the same sentence the line above this one is here for.\n  */\n  assertRecordShape(options);\n\n  // For a continuous file the recording spans recordCount * recordDuration. A\n  // discontinuous one does not: a 10-second recording with a 95-second gap in the\n  // middle still ends at 105 seconds. Deriving the span from the records' real\n  // positions is what stops a requested window from being clipped back to the\n  // amount of *data* in the file and silently discarding everything past it.\n  const { earliest, latest } = span(options.recordStarts, options.recordCount, options.recordDuration);\n\n  if (options.duration !== undefined && options.end !== undefined) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError('Use either --duration or --end, not both.');\n  }\n\n  const startSeconds = options.start ?? earliest;\n\n  let endSeconds: number;\n  if (options.duration !== undefined) endSeconds = startSeconds + options.duration;\n  else if (options.end !== undefined) endSeconds = options.end;\n  else endSeconds = latest;\n\n  /*\n    At the end, allowing for the arithmetic that produced the end.\n\n    `latest` is `recordCount * recordDuration`, and with a fractional duration that is not the\n    number it prints as: 6003 records of 0.1s is 600.3000000000001, not 600.3. So `--start\n    600.3` on a recording `--info` calls \"10m 0.3s\" was accepted by a hair, converted nothing,\n    and exited 0 with a signals.csv holding its header — which is the empty conversion this\n    error exists to prevent, and which the same command on a whole-second recording is refused\n    for.\n\n    A relative epsilon, the same shape the long layout uses to decide two sample times are one\n    instant: well below any real interval, and well above the rounding that two different\n    routes to the same quantity produce.\n  */\n  if (startSeconds >= latest || sameInstant(startSeconds, latest)) {\n    /*\n      Quote what was typed. Reporting the parsed seconds meant `--start 4h` came back as\n      \"--start 14400s is at or past the end\", which reads as a value the user never gave.\n\n      In quotation marks, which the parse errors above have always used and this did not.\n      Without them the value ran into the sentence: `--start \"  5s  \"` printed as\n      `--start   5s   is at or past the end`, where the value appears to be `5s   is` and\n      the surrounding spaces — the actual reason a shell-built argument went wrong — are\n      invisible.\n    */\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      /*\n        The recording's length in the same words --info uses for it.\n\n        `formatSeconds` renders a bare number of seconds, so this message and the Duration\n        line disagreed about one file in one session: --info said \"6m 40s\" and the error said\n        \"400s\". On an overnight recording it read \"7950s recording\", leaving the reader to\n        divide by 3600 to find out whether their --start was reasonable — which is the one\n        question this message exists to answer. cli-reference.md has always documented it\n        humanised (\"2h 12m 30s\"), a form no input could produce.\n\n        The typed value keeps `quoted`, since that is the user's own text and should come\n        back exactly as they wrote it.\n      */\n      /*\n        `latest` is where the recording ends on its own clock, which is its length only when\n        it starts at zero. A file timed from its first record's timekeeping TAL need not: one\n        whose records run 1000s to 1003s is three seconds long, and this called it \"this\n        16m 43s recording\" — while --info two lines away said \"Duration 3s\". Where the\n        recording sits is the useful thing to say in that case, and it is the number --start\n        has to be given.\n      */\n      earliest === 0\n        ? `--start ${quoted(options.startText, startSeconds)} is at or past the end of this ` +\n          `${formatDuration(latest)} recording.`\n        : `--start ${quoted(options.startText, startSeconds)} is at or past the end of this ` +\n          `${formatDuration(latest - earliest)} recording, which runs from ` +\n          `${formatSeconds(earliest)} to ${formatSeconds(latest)}.`,\n    );\n  }\n  if (endSeconds <= startSeconds) {\n    // Quote whatever the caller actually gave, for the same reason as the error above.\n    const endShown =\n      options.end !== undefined && options.endText !== undefined\n        ? quoted(options.endText, endSeconds)\n        : formatSeconds(endSeconds);\n    const startShown = quoted(options.startText, startSeconds);\n    /*\n      Name the option that caused it, when only one of them could have.\n\n      `end = start + duration`, and a negative duration is refused before this, so a window\n      that ends where it starts and was built from `--duration` was built from a duration of\n      zero — the one value in the command that is wrong. The message named neither it nor the\n      flag:\n\n          edf2csv rec.edf --start 5s --duration 0\n          error: The requested window ends at 5s, which is not after its start at \"5s\".\n\n      Two mentions of the value that is fine, none of the one that is not, in a file whose\n      other refusals quote what was typed on the reasoning that \"`--start 4h` came back as\n      '--start 14400s is at or past the end', which reads as a value the user never gave\".\n      `--duration` had no typed text to quote because nothing passed it; it does now, like\n      its two neighbours.\n    */\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      options.end === undefined && options.duration !== undefined\n        ? `--duration ${quoted(options.durationText, options.duration)} is not a length of ` +\n          `time, so the window ends where it starts, at ${startShown}. Give a length above ` +\n          `zero, or leave --duration out to convert to the end.`\n        : `The requested window ends at ${endShown}, which is not after its start at ${startShown}.`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  const clampedEnd = Math.min(endSeconds, latest);\n  /*\n    Both ends of the window, clamped the same way.\n\n    The end has been clamped to the recording since these fields existed — `--end 999h` on a\n    two-hour file is documented as converting to the end, silently — and the start was left as\n    typed. So a window asked for before the recording begins was recorded as one:\n\n        edf2csv two-second.edf --out csv --start=-500\n        metadata.json  \"start_seconds\": -500, \"end_seconds\": 2\n\n    over a signals.csv whose first row is 0.000, with `records_converted` correctly `[0, 2]`.\n    output-files calls the pair \"the resolved time window\", which the end is and the start was\n    not, and a script taking `end_seconds - start_seconds` for the span converted got 502 for\n    two seconds of data.\n\n    `earliest` and not zero, because a recording is timed from its first record and need not\n    begin there: negative-origin.edf runs from -100s, and -100 is where a start before the\n    recording belongs. Nothing downstream moves — every sample sits at or after `earliest`, so\n    the row filter and the record selection answer the same for either value, and the byte\n    estimate takes a width from the smaller magnitude, which is the one the column actually\n    holds.\n\n    Not when the whole window sits before the recording, where there is no overlap to clamp\n    to and raising the start past the end would describe the request backwards: `--start 0\n    --duration 0.001` on a file beginning at 30s is an empty window, and EMPTY_WINDOW quotes\n    the bounds — \"(30.000s to 0.001s)\" says nothing a reader can act on, where the bounds as\n    asked for are what its hint is already explaining.\n  */\n  const clampedStart = clampedEnd <= earliest ? startSeconds : Math.max(startSeconds, earliest);\n  const { startRecord, endRecord } = selectRecords(options, clampedStart, clampedEnd);\n\n  return {\n    startSeconds: clampedStart,\n    endSeconds: clampedEnd,\n    startRecord,\n    endRecord,\n    /*\n      The same rounding, one field over.\n\n      `latest` is `recordCount * recordDuration`, and 6003 records of 0.1s is\n      600.3000000000001. So `--end 600.3` on a recording of exactly that length wrote every\n      sample it has — byte-identical to a bare conversion — and metadata.json recorded\n      `whole_recording: false` for it, while the bare run recorded true. One conversion, two\n      answers, on the field a pipeline reads to decide whether it has the lot.\n    */\n    isWholeRecording:\n      (startSeconds <= earliest || sameInstant(startSeconds, earliest)) &&\n      (clampedEnd >= latest || sameInstant(clampedEnd, latest)),\n    recordingStartSeconds: earliest,\n    recordingEndSeconds: latest,\n  };\n}\n\nfunction span(\n  recordStarts: Float64Array | null | undefined,\n  recordCount: number,\n  recordDuration: number,\n): { earliest: number; latest: number } {\n  if (!recordStarts || recordStarts.length === 0) {\n    return { earliest: 0, latest: recordCount * recordDuration };\n  }\n  let earliest = Infinity;\n  let latest = -Infinity;\n  for (const start of recordStarts) {\n    if (start < earliest) earliest = start;\n    if (start + recordDuration > latest) latest = start + recordDuration;\n  }\n  if (!Number.isFinite(earliest) || !Number.isFinite(latest)) {\n    return { earliest: 0, latest: recordCount * recordDuration };\n  }\n  return { earliest, latest };\n}\n\n/** Every record whose own time span overlaps the requested window. */\nfunction selectRecords(\n  options: { recordDuration: number; recordCount: number; recordStarts?: Float64Array | null | undefined },\n  startSeconds: number,\n  endSeconds: number,\n): { startRecord: number; endRecord: number } {\n  const starts = options.recordStarts;\n  if (!starts || starts.length === 0) {\n    /*\n      An empty range is `[0, 0]` here as it is below, rather than whatever the arithmetic\n      produced. Each bound was clamped on one side only — the start up to zero, the end down\n      to the record count — so a window lying entirely before the recording came back as\n      `records_converted: [0, -1]` in metadata.json, over a `endRecord` documented as \"one\n      past the last data record touching the window\". A script differencing the pair read\n      minus one record converted, and `ConversionProgress.recordsTotal` reported the same.\n\n      The discontinuous branch below has always answered `[0, 0]` for exactly this request,\n      so the two halves of one function disagreed about how to say \"none\": the same window on\n      `annotations.edf` and on `discontinuous.edf` gave `[0, -1]` and `[0, 0]`.\n    */\n    const first = Math.max(0, Math.floor(startSeconds / options.recordDuration));\n    const last = Math.min(options.recordCount, Math.ceil(endSeconds / options.recordDuration));\n    return first < last ? { startRecord: first, endRecord: last } : { startRecord: 0, endRecord: 0 };\n  }\n\n  let first = options.recordCount;\n  let last = 0;\n  for (let i = 0; i < starts.length; i++) {\n    const begin = starts[i] ?? 0;\n    if (begin + options.recordDuration > startSeconds && begin < endSeconds) {\n      if (i < first) first = i;\n      if (i + 1 > last) last = i + 1;\n    }\n  }\n  return first < last ? { startRecord: first, endRecord: last } : { startRecord: 0, endRecord: 0 };\n}\n\n/**\n * The value as the caller typed it, in quotation marks, or the parsed seconds if they gave\n * none. The marks show where the value begins and ends, which matters most for the values\n * that went wrong because of what surrounds them.\n */\nfunction quoted(text: string | undefined, seconds: number): string {\n  return text === undefined ? formatSeconds(seconds) : `\"${text}\"`;\n}\n\nfunction formatSeconds(seconds: number): string {\n  /*\n    The same 1e21 cliff, in the bounds this message hands back.\n\n    `--start \"9e21\"` was answered with \"is at or past the end of this 3e+21s recording, which\n    runs from 1e+21s to 4e+21s\" — a sentence whose whole purpose is to say what window there\n    is to ask for, ending in two tokens the parser refuses: `--start 1e+21s` is \"uses an\n    unknown unit \\\"e\\\"\". `Number(...)` was here to drop the trailing zeros, and it also\n    re-introduced the exponent form that `toFixed` had produced.\n  */\n  const text = fixed(seconds, 3);\n  return `${text.includes('.') ? text.replace(/\\.?0+$/u, '') : text}s`;\n}\n"]}
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* Parsing for the time-range options.\n *\n * Researchers write offsets in whatever form is natural for the recording in front\n * of them: seconds for a short ECG strip, `30m` into a sleep study, `01:23:45` when\n * reading off a clock. All three are accepted; anything ambiguous is rejected with\n * a message that shows the forms that work.\n */\n\nimport { fixed, formatDuration, withinLine } from '../format/number.js';\nimport { assertOptions, assertRecordShape, describeValue, OptionError } from './options.js';\n\nexport class TimeRangeError extends Error {\n  constructor(message: string) {\n    super(message);\n    this.name = 'TimeRangeError';\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Every spelling of a unit this accepts, and what one of it is worth in seconds.\n *\n * Exported so the spellings can be enumerated by a test rather than listed a second time:\n * twelve of these sixteen are named nowhere in the tool or its documentation, and none of\n * their values was checked by anything. `hrs: 360` would have converted `--start 2hrs` from\n * twelve minutes in and said nothing, which is the one kind of mistake a window may not make.\n */\nexport const UNIT_SECONDS: Record<string, number> = {\n  h: 3600,\n  hr: 3600,\n  hrs: 3600,\n  hour: 3600,\n  hours: 3600,\n  m: 60,\n  min: 60,\n  mins: 60,\n  minute: 60,\n  minutes: 60,\n  s: 1,\n  sec: 1,\n  secs: 1,\n  second: 1,\n  seconds: 1,\n  ms: 0.001,\n};\n\nconst CLOCK = /^(?:(\\d+):)?(\\d{1,2}):(\\d{1,2}(?:\\.\\d+)?)$/u;\nconst UNIT_TOKEN = /(\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?)\\s*([a-z]+)/giu;\n\n/**\n * Parse a duration or offset into seconds.\n *\n * Accepted: `90`, `90s`, `5m`, `1h30m`, `1h 30m 15s`, `00:30:00`, `30:00`, `250ms`.\n *\n * `allowNegative` is for the two options that name a position rather than a length.\n *\n * A recording is timed from its first record's timekeeping annotation, and nothing obliges that\n * to sit at or after zero: a file whose records run from -100 s to -97 s is one this tool reads,\n * times from -100, and describes with\n *\n *     Timed from -100.000s  (first sample; --start and --end use this clock)\n *\n * That line says the number can be typed straight back in, and it could not be. Every offset\n * such a recording has came back as \"not a time I understand\", so its whole clock was\n * unreachable and no window of it could be converted at all — the one file shape where a\n * window is refused for naming a moment the recording actually contains.\n *\n * A length below zero is still a different thing, and `--duration` still refuses one.\n */\nexport function parseTimeSpec(input: string, optionName?: string, allowNegative = false): number {\n  /*\n    A name for the value, when the caller has not given one.\n\n    Every refusal below opens with it, and the CLI passes the flag — `--start \"1,5\" is not a\n    time I understand`. This is also the function the api page sends other people's users to,\n    and a caller who writes the one-argument call its neighbours take got\n\n        TimeRangeError: undefined is empty. Try a value like 30s, 5m, or 00:30:00.\n\n    on every one of the eleven messages in here. The paragraph below hardened `input` for\n    exactly that caller; the argument beside it could still put the word `undefined` at the\n    front of the sentence.\n\n    Coerced rather than refused, unlike `input`: this one names the value in a message rather\n    than being the value, so there is a right answer to fall back on and nothing is lost by\n    using it. An empty or non-string name takes the same route, since `\"\" is empty.` is the\n    same sentence with a different hole in it.\n  */\n  const named =\n    typeof optionName === 'string' && optionName.trim() !== '' ? optionName : 'The value';\n  /*\n    Text, because this is the function the API page points other people's users at: \"Use\n    `parseTimeSpec` if you want to accept those forms from your own users.\"\n\n    A value arriving from a JSON config or a form field is a number as often as a string, and\n    `{ \"start\": 30 }` came back as `TypeError: input.trim is not a function` — a variable name\n    from inside this file, thrown past a caller who had done exactly what the page told them\n    to. Every other refusal here is a TimeRangeError quoting the value and the option. The\n    number is not coerced, for the reason `channels: 'ECG'` is not iterated: a shape that\n    happens to work for 30 also swallows NaN, and the CLI already writes `String(raw)`.\n  */\n  if (typeof input !== 'string') {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${named} must be given as text, not ${describeValue(input)}. ` +\n        `Seconds are written \"30\", and the other forms are \"30s\", \"5m\", \"1h30m\", \"00:30:00\".`,\n    );\n  }\n  const trimmed = input.trim().toLowerCase();\n  if (trimmed === '') {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(`${named} is empty. Try a value like 30s, 5m, or 00:30:00.`);\n  }\n\n  /*\n    The sign is read off the front and applied to the whole value, so `-1h30m` is an hour and a\n    half before the origin rather than an hour before it and half an hour after.\n\n    Nothing may sit between the sign and the number, and a leading `+` is still refused: every\n    other number this tool takes is refused when written in a form nobody types, and `+5` is\n    exactly what `--decimals` and `--jobs` reject one flag over.\n  */\n  const negative = trimmed.startsWith('-');\n  const text = negative ? trimmed.slice(1) : trimmed;\n\n  /*\n    A leading plus, named as such.\n\n    Refusing it is deliberate — see the paragraph above — but it came back as \"is not a time I\n    understand. Try 30s, 5m, 1h30m, 00:30:00, or a plain number of seconds\", which is the\n    message for input that could not be read at all. Every part of `+5s` was read: the number\n    parsed, the unit was looked up and found. The one thing wrong with it is a character the\n    reader put there on purpose, and they were sent to re-check their unit spellings with `5m`\n    sitting in the list of suggestions, differing from what they typed by the sign they cannot\n    see is the problem. 0.7.102 made this argument about a space; this is the same sentence\n    about the other character that reaches it. `--decimals` and `--jobs` both quote the value\n    back and say what is wrong with it.\n\n    Every plus, not the first one, and the leftover space with it — the same rule the spaced\n    refusal below applies to spaces, for the same reason: a hint whose command this function\n    refuses is worse than no hint. `+1h+30m` was answered with `1h+30m`, which comes straight\n    back as \"is not a time I understand\", and `+ 5s` with a value that opened on a space.\n  */\n  if (text.startsWith('+')) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${named} \"${input}\" begins with a plus. Write the number on its own: ` +\n        `${input.trim().replaceAll('+', '').trim()}`,\n    );\n  }\n  const signed = (seconds: number): number =>\n    assertFinite(negative ? -seconds : seconds, named, input, allowNegative);\n\n  // Bare number means seconds.\n  if (/^\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?$/u.test(text)) return signed(Number(text));\n\n  // Clock form: hh:mm:ss or mm:ss.\n  const clock = CLOCK.exec(text);\n  if (clock) {\n    const hours = clock[1] === undefined ? 0 : Number(clock[1]);\n    const minutes = Number(clock[2]);\n    const seconds = Number(clock[3]);\n    if (minutes >= 60 || seconds >= 60) {\n      throw new TimeRangeError(\n        `${named} \"${input}\" has a minutes or seconds field of 60 or more.`,\n      );\n    }\n    return signed(hours * 3600 + minutes * 60 + seconds);\n  }\n\n  // Unit form: 1h30m, 1h30m 15s, 250ms. A number sits directly against its unit; see below.\n  UNIT_TOKEN.lastIndex = 0;\n  let total = 0;\n  let matched = 0;\n  let consumed = 0;\n  /** Whether any token had a space between its number and its unit. See the refusal below. */\n  let spaced = false;\n  let match: RegExpExecArray | null;\n  // Which units have already been seen, so a repeat can be rejected rather than added.\n  const seen = new Set<number>();\n  while ((match = UNIT_TOKEN.exec(text)) !== null) {\n    const amount = Number(match[1]);\n    const unit = match[2] ?? '';\n    const scale = UNIT_SECONDS[unit];\n    if (scale === undefined) {\n      throw new TimeRangeError(\n        `${named} \"${input}\" uses an unknown unit \"${unit}\". Use h, m, s or ms, ` +\n          `or their long forms: hours, minutes, seconds.`,\n      );\n    }\n\n    // \"1h1h\" is a typo, not a request for two hours. Summing repeated units silently\n    // turned a slip into a plausible window that was quietly the wrong length. Units are\n    // keyed by their scale so the aliases collapse together: \"1h30min20m\" is caught too.\n    if (seen.has(scale)) {\n      throw new TimeRangeError(\n        `${named} \"${input}\" gives the same unit twice. ` +\n          `Combine each unit once, as in 1h30m.`,\n      );\n    }\n    seen.add(scale);\n\n    total += amount * scale;\n    matched++;\n    // Counted with the whitespace taken out, so the comparison below is against the same\n    // string on both sides and a space inside a token reaches the refusal written for it\n    // rather than the one about input that could not be read at all.\n    consumed += match[0].replace(/\\s+/gu, '').length;\n    if (/\\s/u.test(match[0])) spaced = true;\n  }\n\n  // Reject partially-understood input like \"5x\" or \"1h banana\".\n  if (matched === 0 || consumed !== text.replace(/\\s+/gu, '').length) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${named} \"${input}\" is not a time I understand. ` +\n        `Try 30s, 5m, 1h30m, 00:30:00, or a plain number of seconds.`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  /*\n    A space between a number and its unit, named as such.\n\n    `5 min` is refused on purpose — cli-reference sets the rule out, and it is what keeps\n    `1 2h` from being read as anything — but it came back as \"is not a time I understand. Try\n    30s, 5m, 1h30m, 00:30:00, or a plain number of seconds\", which is the message for input\n    that could not be read at all. Every part of `5 min` was read: the number parsed, the unit\n    was looked up in the table and found. The one thing wrong with it is a space, and the\n    reader was sent to re-check their unit spellings instead — with `5m` sitting in the list of\n    suggestions, differing from what they typed by a character they cannot see is the problem.\n\n    Only reachable now that the count above ignores whitespace; before, the length check caught\n    these first and there was nothing left to tell them apart by.\n  */\n  if (spaced) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${named} \"${input}\" puts a space between a number and its unit. ` +\n        `Write them together: ${input.trim().replace(/(\\d)\\s+([a-z])/giu, '$1$2')}`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  return signed(total);\n}\n\nfunction assertFinite(\n  value: number,\n  optionName: string,\n  input: string,\n  allowNegative: boolean,\n): number {\n  /*\n    Overflow answers for itself, rather than borrowing the sentence about signs.\n\n    One branch covered two rejections. `--start` with four hundred nines is a positive value\n    that `Number` returns as `Infinity`, and the answer was `is not a valid non-negative\n    time` — which names the one thing about it that is not the problem. Worse on the two\n    options this is called with `allowNegative` for: `--start` and `--end` take a sign on\n    purpose, since a recording timed from before zero has no other way to be addressed, so\n    \"non-negative\" is not their rule at all and overflow is the only way they reach here.\n  */\n  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${optionName} \"${input}\" is further from zero than a number of seconds can hold.`,\n    );\n  }\n  if (!allowNegative && value < 0) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(`${optionName} \"${input}\" is not a valid non-negative time.`);\n  }\n  return value;\n}\n\nexport interface ResolvedRange {\n  /** Inclusive start, in seconds from the beginning of the recording. */\n  startSeconds: number;\n  /** Exclusive end, in seconds. */\n  endSeconds: number;\n  /** First data record touching the window. */\n  startRecord: number;\n  /** One past the last data record touching the window. */\n  endRecord: number;\n  /** True when the window covers the whole recording. */\n  isWholeRecording: boolean;\n  /** Earliest record start, including EDF+D timing gaps. */\n  recordingStartSeconds: number;\n  /** End of the latest record, including EDF+D timing gaps. */\n  recordingEndSeconds: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * Slack for comparisons at sample/window boundaries.\n *\n * A nanosecond is far below any real sampling interval — 20 kHz is 50 microseconds — so it\n * absorbs the arithmetic error in `recordStart + sample / rate` without reaching a\n * neighbouring sample.\n */\nexport const BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE = 1e-9;\n\n/**\n * The slack to use for a channel sampled this often.\n *\n * Never past half a sample interval, because slack that reaches the next sample stops being\n * slack — half is the most that cannot, since the nearest sample below a bound sits a whole\n * interval away from it. `Math.min` takes exactly half at rates above 500 MHz, which is where\n * this said \"never as much as half\" of a formula that returns it. A fixed nanosecond was\n * applied whatever the rate, and the format does not\n * oblige the interval to be larger than it: EDF's record duration is an 8-character field\n * that accepts `1e-9`. A recording of two 1 ns records holding ten samples each wrote ten of\n * its twenty rows — the window ends at 2e-9, the comparison asked for `time < 2e-9 - 1e-9`,\n * and the entire second record failed it. Exit 0, no warning, half the samples gone.\n */\nexport function toleranceFor(rate: number): number {\n  if (!(rate > 0) || !Number.isFinite(rate)) return BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE;\n  return Math.min(BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE, 1 / rate / 2);\n}\n\n/** Match the exact half-open boundary rules used while writing signal rows. */\nexport function sampleTimeIsInRange(\n  time: number,\n  startSeconds: number,\n  endSeconds: number,\n  tolerance: number = BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE,\n): boolean {\n  return time >= startSeconds - tolerance && time < endSeconds - tolerance;\n}\n\n/** Count samples from one record that fall inside a half-open requested window. */\nexport function countSamplesInRange(options: {\n  recordStart: number;\n  rate: number;\n  samplesPerRecord: number;\n  startSeconds: number;\n  endSeconds: number;\n}): number {\n  /*\n    A record with no place on the clock contributes no rows, which is what the conversion\n    already does with one: its sample times are non-finite, so every one of them fails the\n    range test and none is written. The arithmetic below reached `Infinity - Infinity` and\n    answered `NaN`, which `--info` then printed — \"Would write NaN rows, roughly NaN B.\" on a\n    recording that goes on to write eight. Reachable from a header: a record duration of 1e308\n    is five characters in an eight-character field, and the third record of one is past what a\n    double can hold.\n  */\n  if (!Number.isFinite(options.recordStart)) return 0;\n  const slack = toleranceFor(options.rate);\n  const lower = Math.ceil(\n    (options.startSeconds - slack - options.recordStart) * options.rate,\n  );\n  const upper = Math.ceil(\n    (options.endSeconds - slack - options.recordStart) * options.rate,\n  );\n  const first = Math.max(0, Math.min(options.samplesPerRecord, lower));\n  const last = Math.max(0, Math.min(options.samplesPerRecord, upper));\n  return Math.max(0, last - first);\n}\n\n/**\n * Whether two instants differ only by the arithmetic that produced them.\n *\n * A relative epsilon, because the gap between doubles grows with magnitude — the same shape\n * the long layout uses to decide two sample times are one instant. Well below any real sample\n * interval, and well above the rounding that two routes to one quantity produce: a recording's\n * length is `recordCount * recordDuration`, which for 6003 records of 0.1s is not the 600.3 it\n * prints as.\n */\nfunction sameInstant(a: number, b: number): boolean {\n  /*\n    A relative tolerance has nothing to be relative to at infinity.\n\n    `Math.abs(a - Infinity)` is Infinity, and so is the allowance beside it, so\n    `Infinity <= Infinity` made every instant the same instant as an infinite one. A\n    recording whose end overflows a double — three records of 1e308 seconds, which an\n    8-character record-duration field can state and a timekeeping TAL can place — was\n    therefore refused the window nobody asked for:\n\n        $ edf2csv rec.edf --info\n        error: --start 0s is at or past the end of this unknown recording.\n\n    Exit 2 for a file, naming a flag the command did not carry, quoting a length that is\n    `formatDuration`'s word for a number it will not print. `--info` is the one command that\n    would have explained the file and it is the one that could not run.\n\n    Finite or equal, which is the only reading that means anything: two infinities are the\n    same non-instant, and a real offset is not one of them.\n  */\n  if (!Number.isFinite(a) || !Number.isFinite(b)) return a === b;\n  return Math.abs(a - b) <= Math.max(Math.abs(a), Math.abs(b)) * 1e-12;\n}\n\n/**\n * Turn a requested window into both an exact time span and the record range that\n * contains it. Records are the unit the file can be read in; the exact span is what\n * decides which samples inside those records are actually written.\n */\nexport function resolveRange(options: {\n  start?: number | undefined;\n  /** The `--start` value exactly as typed, quoted back in the past-the-end error. */\n  startText?: string | undefined;\n  duration?: number | undefined;\n  /** The `--duration` value exactly as typed, quoted back in the window error. */\n  durationText?: string | undefined;\n  end?: number | undefined;\n  /** The `--end` value exactly as typed, quoted back in the window error. */\n  endText?: string | undefined;\n  recordDuration: number;\n  recordCount: number;\n  /**\n   * True start time of each data record, for discontinuous files. When absent,\n   * records are assumed to sit end to end.\n   */\n  recordStarts?: Float64Array | null | undefined;\n}): ResolvedRange {\n  /*\n    The same check `buildPlan` makes, made here too, because this is exported on its own.\n\n    `assertOptions` sits at the top of `buildPlan`, so `convert` was covered and the function\n    underneath it was not — and this one has its own signature block on the API page.\n    `resolveRange({ start: NaN, ... })` resolved: no error, no warning, and a range read back\n    as `startSeconds: null, startRecord: null`, which is the \"takes the whole recording\n    without saying so\" that comment names. `{ end: '2' }` was coerced by the arithmetic and\n    accepted; `{ start: '30' }` reached the past-the-end error and printed it with the value\n    missing — `--start s is at or past the end of this 3s recording`.\n  */\n  /*\n    The argument bag itself, before three properties are read off it.\n\n    `resolveRange(42)` read `.start` off a number, which is `undefined` rather than a throw, and\n    went on to answer with a range; `resolveRange(null)` reached the same line and came back as\n    `TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading 'start')`, naming a property of this\n    function's own parameter.\n  */\n  if (options === null || typeof options !== 'object') {\n    throw new OptionError(\n      `resolveRange takes one object — the recording's shape and the window asked of it — ` +\n        `got ${describeValue(options)}.`,\n    );\n  }\n  assertOptions({ start: options.start, duration: options.duration, end: options.end });\n  /*\n    And the two numbers the window is measured against, which that call does not cover.\n\n    `assertOptions` checks what was asked for; these are what it is asked of, and nothing\n    looked at them. `resolveRange({ start: 1, recordDuration: 1 })` — no `recordCount` —\n    answered `{ startSeconds: 0, endSeconds: null, startRecord: 0, endRecord: 0 }`: a window\n    over no records, handed back as a fact about a recording. `resolveRange(42)` reached the\n    same answer, since reading `.start` off a number is `undefined` rather than a throw.\n\n    The check `buildPlan` has made since 0.8.64, made here too, because this is exported on\n    its own — the same sentence the line above this one is here for.\n  */\n  assertRecordShape(options);\n\n  // For a continuous file the recording spans recordCount * recordDuration. A\n  // discontinuous one does not: a 10-second recording with a 95-second gap in the\n  // middle still ends at 105 seconds. Deriving the span from the records' real\n  // positions is what stops a requested window from being clipped back to the\n  // amount of *data* in the file and silently discarding everything past it.\n  const { earliest, latest } = span(options.recordStarts, options.recordCount, options.recordDuration);\n\n  if (options.duration !== undefined && options.end !== undefined) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError('Use either --duration or --end, not both.');\n  }\n\n  const startSeconds = options.start ?? earliest;\n\n  let endSeconds: number;\n  if (options.duration !== undefined) endSeconds = startSeconds + options.duration;\n  else if (options.end !== undefined) endSeconds = options.end;\n  else endSeconds = latest;\n\n  /*\n    At the end, allowing for the arithmetic that produced the end.\n\n    `latest` is `recordCount * recordDuration`, and with a fractional duration that is not the\n    number it prints as: 6003 records of 0.1s is 600.3000000000001, not 600.3. So `--start\n    600.3` on a recording `--info` calls \"10m 0.3s\" was accepted by a hair, converted nothing,\n    and exited 0 with a signals.csv holding its header — which is the empty conversion this\n    error exists to prevent, and which the same command on a whole-second recording is refused\n    for.\n\n    A relative epsilon, the same shape the long layout uses to decide two sample times are one\n    instant: well below any real interval, and well above the rounding that two different\n    routes to the same quantity produce.\n  */\n  if (startSeconds >= latest || sameInstant(startSeconds, latest)) {\n    /*\n      Quote what was typed. Reporting the parsed seconds meant `--start 4h` came back as\n      \"--start 14400s is at or past the end\", which reads as a value the user never gave.\n\n      In quotation marks, which the parse errors above have always used and this did not.\n      Without them the value ran into the sentence: `--start \"  5s  \"` printed as\n      `--start   5s   is at or past the end`, where the value appears to be `5s   is` and\n      the surrounding spaces — the actual reason a shell-built argument went wrong — are\n      invisible.\n    */\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      /*\n        The recording's length in the same words --info uses for it.\n\n        `formatSeconds` renders a bare number of seconds, so this message and the Duration\n        line disagreed about one file in one session: --info said \"6m 40s\" and the error said\n        \"400s\". On an overnight recording it read \"7950s recording\", leaving the reader to\n        divide by 3600 to find out whether their --start was reasonable — which is the one\n        question this message exists to answer. cli-reference.md has always documented it\n        humanised (\"2h 12m 30s\"), a form no input could produce.\n\n        The typed value keeps `quoted`, since that is the user's own text and should come\n        back exactly as they wrote it.\n      */\n      /*\n        `latest` is where the recording ends on its own clock, which is its length only when\n        it starts at zero. A file timed from its first record's timekeeping TAL need not: one\n        whose records run 1000s to 1003s is three seconds long, and this called it \"this\n        16m 43s recording\" — while --info two lines away said \"Duration 3s\". Where the\n        recording sits is the useful thing to say in that case, and it is the number --start\n        has to be given.\n      */\n      earliest === 0\n        ? `--start ${quoted(options.startText, startSeconds)} is at or past the end of this ` +\n          `${formatDuration(latest)} recording.`\n        : `--start ${quoted(options.startText, startSeconds)} is at or past the end of this ` +\n          `${formatDuration(latest - earliest)} recording, which runs from ` +\n          `${formatSeconds(earliest)} to ${formatSeconds(latest)}.`,\n    );\n  }\n  if (endSeconds <= startSeconds) {\n    // Quote whatever the caller actually gave, for the same reason as the error above.\n    const endShown =\n      options.end !== undefined && options.endText !== undefined\n        ? quoted(options.endText, endSeconds)\n        : formatSeconds(endSeconds);\n    const startShown = quoted(options.startText, startSeconds);\n    /*\n      Name the option that caused it, when only one of them could have.\n\n      `end = start + duration`, and a negative duration is refused before this, so a window\n      that ends where it starts and was built from `--duration` was built from a duration of\n      zero — the one value in the command that is wrong. The message named neither it nor the\n      flag:\n\n          edf2csv rec.edf --start 5s --duration 0\n          error: The requested window ends at 5s, which is not after its start at \"5s\".\n\n      Two mentions of the value that is fine, none of the one that is not, in a file whose\n      other refusals quote what was typed on the reasoning that \"`--start 4h` came back as\n      '--start 14400s is at or past the end', which reads as a value the user never gave\".\n      `--duration` had no typed text to quote because nothing passed it; it does now, like\n      its two neighbours.\n    */\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      options.end === undefined && options.duration !== undefined\n        ? `--duration ${quoted(options.durationText, options.duration)} is not a length of ` +\n          `time, so the window ends where it starts, at ${startShown}. Give a length above ` +\n          `zero, or leave --duration out to convert to the end.`\n        : `The requested window ends at ${endShown}, which is not after its start at ${startShown}.`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  const clampedEnd = Math.min(endSeconds, latest);\n  /*\n    Both ends of the window, clamped the same way.\n\n    The end has been clamped to the recording since these fields existed — `--end 999h` on a\n    two-hour file is documented as converting to the end, silently — and the start was left as\n    typed. So a window asked for before the recording begins was recorded as one:\n\n        edf2csv two-second.edf --out csv --start=-500\n        metadata.json  \"start_seconds\": -500, \"end_seconds\": 2\n\n    over a signals.csv whose first row is 0.000, with `records_converted` correctly `[0, 2]`.\n    output-files calls the pair \"the resolved time window\", which the end is and the start was\n    not, and a script taking `end_seconds - start_seconds` for the span converted got 502 for\n    two seconds of data.\n\n    `earliest` and not zero, because a recording is timed from its first record and need not\n    begin there: negative-origin.edf runs from -100s, and -100 is where a start before the\n    recording belongs. Nothing downstream moves — every sample sits at or after `earliest`, so\n    the row filter and the record selection answer the same for either value, and the byte\n    estimate takes a width from the smaller magnitude, which is the one the column actually\n    holds.\n\n    Not when the whole window sits before the recording, where there is no overlap to clamp\n    to and raising the start past the end would describe the request backwards: `--start 0\n    --duration 0.001` on a file beginning at 30s is an empty window, and EMPTY_WINDOW quotes\n    the bounds — \"(30.000s to 0.001s)\" says nothing a reader can act on, where the bounds as\n    asked for are what its hint is already explaining.\n  */\n  const clampedStart = clampedEnd <= earliest ? startSeconds : Math.max(startSeconds, earliest);\n  const { startRecord, endRecord } = selectRecords(options, clampedStart, clampedEnd);\n\n  return {\n    startSeconds: clampedStart,\n    endSeconds: clampedEnd,\n    startRecord,\n    endRecord,\n    /*\n      The same rounding, one field over.\n\n      `latest` is `recordCount * recordDuration`, and 6003 records of 0.1s is\n      600.3000000000001. So `--end 600.3` on a recording of exactly that length wrote every\n      sample it has — byte-identical to a bare conversion — and metadata.json recorded\n      `whole_recording: false` for it, while the bare run recorded true. One conversion, two\n      answers, on the field a pipeline reads to decide whether it has the lot.\n    */\n    isWholeRecording:\n      (startSeconds <= earliest || sameInstant(startSeconds, earliest)) &&\n      (clampedEnd >= latest || sameInstant(clampedEnd, latest)),\n    recordingStartSeconds: earliest,\n    recordingEndSeconds: latest,\n  };\n}\n\nfunction span(\n  recordStarts: Float64Array | null | undefined,\n  recordCount: number,\n  recordDuration: number,\n): { earliest: number; latest: number } {\n  if (!recordStarts || recordStarts.length === 0) {\n    return { earliest: 0, latest: recordCount * recordDuration };\n  }\n  let earliest = Infinity;\n  let latest = -Infinity;\n  for (const start of recordStarts) {\n    if (start < earliest) earliest = start;\n    if (start + recordDuration > latest) latest = start + recordDuration;\n  }\n  if (!Number.isFinite(earliest) || !Number.isFinite(latest)) {\n    return { earliest: 0, latest: recordCount * recordDuration };\n  }\n  return { earliest, latest };\n}\n\n/** Every record whose own time span overlaps the requested window. */\nfunction selectRecords(\n  options: { recordDuration: number; recordCount: number; recordStarts?: Float64Array | null | undefined },\n  startSeconds: number,\n  endSeconds: number,\n): { startRecord: number; endRecord: number } {\n  const starts = options.recordStarts;\n  if (!starts || starts.length === 0) {\n    /*\n      An empty range is `[0, 0]` here as it is below, rather than whatever the arithmetic\n      produced. Each bound was clamped on one side only — the start up to zero, the end down\n      to the record count — so a window lying entirely before the recording came back as\n      `records_converted: [0, -1]` in metadata.json, over a `endRecord` documented as \"one\n      past the last data record touching the window\". A script differencing the pair read\n      minus one record converted, and `ConversionProgress.recordsTotal` reported the same.\n\n      The discontinuous branch below has always answered `[0, 0]` for exactly this request,\n      so the two halves of one function disagreed about how to say \"none\": the same window on\n      `annotations.edf` and on `discontinuous.edf` gave `[0, -1]` and `[0, 0]`.\n    */\n    const first = Math.max(0, Math.floor(startSeconds / options.recordDuration));\n    const last = Math.min(options.recordCount, Math.ceil(endSeconds / options.recordDuration));\n    return first < last ? { startRecord: first, endRecord: last } : { startRecord: 0, endRecord: 0 };\n  }\n\n  let first = options.recordCount;\n  let last = 0;\n  for (let i = 0; i < starts.length; i++) {\n    const begin = starts[i] ?? 0;\n    if (begin + options.recordDuration > startSeconds && begin < endSeconds) {\n      if (i < first) first = i;\n      if (i + 1 > last) last = i + 1;\n    }\n  }\n  return first < last ? { startRecord: first, endRecord: last } : { startRecord: 0, endRecord: 0 };\n}\n\n/**\n * The value as the caller typed it, in quotation marks, or the parsed seconds if they gave\n * none. The marks show where the value begins and ends, which matters most for the values\n * that went wrong because of what surrounds them.\n */\nfunction quoted(text: string | undefined, seconds: number): string {\n  return text === undefined ? formatSeconds(seconds) : `\"${text}\"`;\n}\n\nfunction formatSeconds(seconds: number): string {\n  /*\n    The same 1e21 cliff, in the bounds this message hands back.\n\n    `--start \"9e21\"` was answered with \"is at or past the end of this 3e+21s recording, which\n    runs from 1e+21s to 4e+21s\" — a sentence whose whole purpose is to say what window there\n    is to ask for, ending in two tokens the parser refuses: `--start 1e+21s` is \"uses an\n    unknown unit \\\"e\\\"\". `Number(...)` was here to drop the trailing zeros, and it also\n    re-introduced the exponent form that `toFixed` had produced.\n  */\n  const text = fixed(seconds, 3);\n  const trimmed = text.includes('.') ? text.replace(/\\.?0+$/u, '') : text;\n  // And the same ceiling, for the same reason: this renders a bound out of the recording's own\n  // header, and a record duration of 1e308 puts 309 digits in the sentence. See `withinLine`.\n  return `${withinLine(trimmed, seconds)}s`;\n}\n"]}

package/dist/format/number.d.ts

@@ -68,6 +68,17 @@ export declare function formatBytes(bytes: number): string;
 /** Human-readable duration: 1h 05m 12s. */
 export declare function formatDuration(seconds: number): string;
 export declare function plainSeconds(seconds: number): string;
+/**
+ * The same ceiling, for a rendering that is not `plain`'s.
+ *
+ * `formatDuration` decomposes into hours and minutes, and past 2^53 prints the seconds through
+ * `fixed`; `formatSeconds` in time-range.ts rounds to three places and trims. Both state a
+ * length of seconds out of a header and neither goes through `plain`, so neither took the
+ * ceiling 0.8.98 applied to the four that do — and one data record of 1e308 seconds is a finite
+ * duration past 2^53, which `fixed` expanded to three hundred and ten characters on the line
+ * whose parenthetical had already been capped.
+ */
+export declare function withinLine(text: string, seconds: number): string;
 /**
  * How many cached offsets a conversion has left to spend.
  *

package/dist/format/number.js

@@ -230,8 +230,21 @@ export function formatDuration(seconds) {
       quotes this half as part of what was wrong. `fixed` expands these with BigInt, which is
       exact past 2^53 where a double carries no fraction anyway.
     */
+    /*
+      Through the same ceiling as the branch below it, which 0.9.7 found this one missing.
+  
+      0.8.98 put every message that states a length of seconds through `plainSeconds` — plain
+      while plain is typable, the shortest exact form past that — and routed four sites to it.
+      This is a fifth, reached by a different helper: one data record of 1e308 seconds is a
+      finite duration past 2^53, so it takes this branch and `fixed(…, 0)` expanded it.
+  
+          Duration   100000000000000001097906362944045541740 … 336s  (1 record of 1e+308s)
+  
+      Three hundred and ten characters, on the line whose parenthetical had just been capped at
+      thirty — and the two halves are the same number to within a factor of one.
+    */
     if (seconds < 0 || seconds >= Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)
-        return `${fixed(seconds, 0)}s`;
+        return `${plainSeconds(seconds)}s`;
     // Round to the precision that will actually be printed BEFORE splitting into units.
     // Splitting first left the remainder to be rounded on its own, so 3599.9996 s decomposed
     // as 59 minutes and 59.9996 seconds and then printed as "59m 60s" — a duration that
@@ -292,16 +305,35 @@ export function formatDuration(seconds) {
  * either way: a reader cannot count three hundred digits any more than they can pass an
  * exponent, so the shortest exact form is the more honest of the two.
  *
+ * Forty and not the thirty this was written with. 0.9.7 brought `formatDuration` under the same
+ * rule, and the value it renders is the one the window refusals hand back — "is at or past the
+ * end of this 3e+21s recording" is a sentence whose whole job is to say what window there is to
+ * ask for, and a test has held it to a length `--start` accepts since 0.5.x. That test asks for
+ * 1e30, which is thirty-one digits: a figure below the old ceiling and above it at once. Forty
+ * clears every value those tests name and still cuts the three hundred that started this.
+ *
  * Here rather than in cli/report.ts, where 0.8.95 wrote it for one half of one line. The
  * other half of that same line expanded a duration of 3e-308 to three hundred and ten
  * characters; so did the refusal naming a record duration that is not positive, and the hint
  * that says how wide a window has to be to hold a sample. All four state a length of seconds
  * out of a header, and the rule is one rule.
  */
-const LONGEST_PLAIN_SECONDS = 30;
+const LONGEST_PLAIN_SECONDS = 40;
 export function plainSeconds(seconds) {
-    const expanded = plain(seconds);
-    return expanded.length <= LONGEST_PLAIN_SECONDS ? expanded : String(seconds);
+    return withinLine(plain(seconds), seconds);
+}
+/**
+ * The same ceiling, for a rendering that is not `plain`'s.
+ *
+ * `formatDuration` decomposes into hours and minutes, and past 2^53 prints the seconds through
+ * `fixed`; `formatSeconds` in time-range.ts rounds to three places and trims. Both state a
+ * length of seconds out of a header and neither goes through `plain`, so neither took the
+ * ceiling 0.8.98 applied to the four that do — and one data record of 1e308 seconds is a finite
+ * duration past 2^53, which `fixed` expanded to three hundred and ten characters on the line
+ * whose parenthetical had already been capped.
+ */
+export function withinLine(text, seconds) {
+    return text.length <= LONGEST_PLAIN_SECONDS ? text : String(seconds);
 }
 /** A record can declare a great many samples; two arrays this size is the cost of caching. */
 const MAX_CACHED_OFFSETS = 1 << 20;

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* Number formatting for CSV cells.\n *\n * A one-hour, 23-channel, 256 Hz recording is about 21 million numeric cells, so\n * this is the hottest code in a conversion. Two things keep it cheap:\n *\n *  - Every sample in a channel comes from a bounded set of integers (digitalMin to\n *    digitalMax, typically 4096 distinct values for a 12-bit ADC). The formatted\n *    text for a digital code never changes, so it is computed once and reused.\n *  - The cache fills lazily. Real recordings visit only a fraction of the range,\n *    and a channel with an implausibly wide range falls back to direct formatting\n *    rather than reserving memory it will never use.\n */\n\nimport type { EdfSignal } from '../edf/header.js';\nimport { makeScaler } from '../edf/scale.js';\n\n/** Widest digital range worth caching: 16 bits of pointers is 512 KB per channel. */\nconst MAX_CACHED_SPAN = 1 << 16;\n\n/**\n * How many cached sample slots a conversion has left to spend.\n *\n * MAX_CACHED_SPAN is a bound on one channel, and a bound on one channel is not a bound: a\n * file may declare as many channels as it likes, and each was handed its own cache. A\n * channel declaring the ordinary full 16-bit digital range takes the whole 512 KB, so a\n * 256-channel montage reserved 134 MB of pointers before writing a row — a 7.9 MB\n * recording that needed a 192 MB heap and died with a V8 out-of-memory fatal error under\n * anything smaller. The caches were the live set; nothing else in the conversion came near\n * them. It is the same shape of mistake the offset budget below was made to fix, one level\n * over: there the unbounded count was rate groups, here it is channels.\n *\n * One budget for the whole conversion leaves the ordinary recording exactly as it was and\n * puts a ceiling on the dense montage: the same 256-channel file now holds its caches to\n * 16 MB and converts under a 48 MB heap. Channels ask in the order the groups are written,\n * which is fastest rate first, so the cache goes to the channels with the most cells to\n * format. The ones that miss out fall back to formatting directly, which produces\n * identical text — the output is byte-for-byte what it was.\n */\nexport interface SampleCacheBudget {\n  remaining: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * Slots for the whole conversion: 16 MB of pointers if every one is claimed.\n *\n * Enough that a full 32-channel montage declaring the whole 16-bit range keeps every cache\n * it had before, and 512 channels of an ordinary 12-bit ADC do too. Past that the extra\n * channels format directly, which costs about a quarter of the conversion's time on a\n * recording where almost none of them are cached — against a file that did not convert at\n * all under a 128 MB heap.\n */\nconst MAX_CACHED_SAMPLES = 1 << 21;\n\nexport function newSampleCacheBudget(): SampleCacheBudget {\n  return { remaining: MAX_CACHED_SAMPLES };\n}\n\n/**\n * Format with a fixed number of decimals, normalising negative zero.\n *\n * Without this, a sample that scales to a very small negative value prints as\n * \"-0.000\", which looks like a distinct measurement but is not.\n */\nexport function fixed(value: number, decimals: number): string {\n  // An undefined value becomes an empty cell rather than the text \"NaN\" or \"Infinity\".\n  // A channel whose header leaves the digital-to-physical mapping undefined scales to\n  // NaN, and an empty field is the CSV convention for \"no value here\" — the same one\n  // annotations.csv uses for an absent duration. Readers parse it back as NaN / NA\n  // rather than as a measurement.\n  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return '';\n\n  // toFixed switches to exponent notation at 1e21, which would put \"1e+21\" in a column\n  // whose every other cell is plain fixed-decimal — and a reader parsing the column as\n  // decimal text has no reason to expect it. Reachable because EDF's 8-character physical\n  // range fields accept exponent form, so a header may legitimately say \"1e30\".\n  //\n  // Above 2^53 a double carries no fractional part anyway, so the integer expansion is\n  // exact rather than an approximation of one.\n  if (Math.abs(value) >= 1e21) {\n    const whole = BigInt(Math.trunc(value)).toString();\n    return decimals > 0 ? `${whole}.${'0'.repeat(decimals)}` : whole;\n  }\n\n  const text = value.toFixed(decimals);\n  if (text.charCodeAt(0) !== 45 /* - */) return text;\n  // Cheap check for \"-0\", \"-0.0\", \"-0.000\"...\n  for (let i = 1; i < text.length; i++) {\n    const c = text.charCodeAt(i);\n    if (c === 46 /* . */ || c === 48 /* 0 */) continue;\n    return text;\n  }\n  return text.slice(1);\n}\n\n/**\n * A number as plain decimal text, at any magnitude.\n *\n * `String()` switches to exponent notation twice — above 1e21 and below 1e-6 — and\n * annotations.csv wrote its `onset_s` and `duration_s` through it. An EDF+ TAL states its\n * onset as ordinary decimal text, so a file saying `+0.0000001` came back as `1e-7` in a\n * column whose every other cell is a plain decimal, beside a `time_s` the documentation says\n * it \"joins directly\" with. It does not: pandas reads the column as object rather than\n * float64 once one cell is exponent text, and a `merge` on it matches nothing.\n *\n * `fixed` cannot answer this. It needs a decimal count, and these two columns are documented\n * as carrying \"their natural numeric form ... without padding to a fixed decimal count\" —\n * asking for enough places to hold 1e-7 would rewrite `0.1` as `0.10000000000000000555`.\n * Expanding the notation instead touches only the values that are in it and leaves every\n * other cell byte-for-byte what it was.\n */\nexport function plain(value: number): string {\n  const text = String(value);\n  const e = text.indexOf('e');\n  if (e === -1) return text;\n  const negative = text.charCodeAt(0) === 45 /* - */;\n  const mantissa = text.slice(negative ? 1 : 0, e);\n  const dot = mantissa.indexOf('.');\n  // Where the point sits once the exponent is spent, counted in significant digits.\n  const point = (dot === -1 ? mantissa.length : dot) + Number(text.slice(e + 1));\n  const digits = dot === -1 ? mantissa : mantissa.slice(0, dot) + mantissa.slice(dot + 1);\n  const sign = negative ? '-' : '';\n  if (point <= 0) return `${sign}0.${'0'.repeat(-point)}${digits}`;\n  if (point >= digits.length) return `${sign}${digits}${'0'.repeat(point - digits.length)}`;\n  return `${sign}${digits.slice(0, point)}.${digits.slice(point)}`;\n}\n\n/** Maps a raw digital sample to its formatted physical value. */\nexport type SampleFormatter = (digital: number) => string;\n\nexport function makeSampleFormatter(\n  signal: EdfSignal,\n  decimals: number,\n  budget: SampleCacheBudget = newSampleCacheBudget(),\n): SampleFormatter {\n  const scale = makeScaler(signal);\n  const low = Math.min(signal.digitalMin, signal.digitalMax);\n  const high = Math.max(signal.digitalMin, signal.digitalMax);\n  const span = high - low + 1;\n\n  if (\n    !Number.isFinite(span) ||\n    span <= 0 ||\n    span > MAX_CACHED_SPAN ||\n    span > budget.remaining\n  ) {\n    return (digital: number): string => fixed(scale(digital), decimals);\n  }\n  budget.remaining -= span;\n\n  /*\n    The cache covers the channel's declared digital range, not the whole int16 domain.\n\n    Allocating 65536 slots regardless of span cost 512 KB of pointers per channel, which a\n    dense montage cannot afford: a 400-channel recording needed over 200 MB of cache alone\n    and died with a V8 out-of-memory fatal error before writing a row. Sizing to the\n    declared span makes the ordinary 12-bit channel 32 KB instead — the same 400 channels\n    now fit in about 13 MB. Channels that declare the full range still take the whole 512 KB,\n    which is what the budget above is for.\n\n    Samples outside the declared range still occur in non-conforming files. They simply\n    miss the cache and are formatted directly, which produces identical text.\n  */\n  const cache = new Array<string | undefined>(span);\n  return (digital: number): string => {\n    const slot = digital - low;\n    if (slot >= 0 && slot < span) {\n      const hit = cache[slot];\n      if (hit !== undefined) return hit;\n      const text = fixed(scale(digital), decimals);\n      cache[slot] = text;\n      return text;\n    }\n    return fixed(scale(digital), decimals);\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Decimals for the time column.\n *\n * The interval between samples is 1/rate, which has a terminating decimal expansion of d\n * places exactly when 10^d divides evenly by the rate. Writing that many places makes sample\n * times exact rather than rounded, so `time_s * rate` comes back as a whole number instead\n * of 8191.999999.\n *\n * The search used to stop at nine places, and the comment here claimed \"every rate in common\n * use clears this — 256 Hz needs 8 places, 512 Hz needs 9\". The next two powers of two do\n * not: 1/1024 needs ten places and 1/2048 needs eleven, and those are the rates a BioSemi\n * ActiveTwo records at by default. Both fell through to the rounding fallback, so the two\n * most common high-rate EEG recordings got exactly the behaviour this function exists to\n * avoid — 0.0009766 for an interval of 0.0009765625.\n *\n * A rate of 2^a * 5^b terminates in max(a, b) places, so fifteen covers every power of two up\n * to 32768 Hz, far past anything that records biosignals. Rates with a repeating expansion\n * (3 Hz, say) still fall back to enough places to keep consecutive samples distinct, and that\n * fallback keeps its own cap.\n *\n * Fifteen and not more, because the test below has to stay exact: 10^16 is past 2^53, where a\n * double can no longer hold every integer, and `Number.isInteger(10 ** 17 / 3)` is true — so a\n * larger bound reports a terminating expansion for rates that have none, and 3 Hz would ask\n * for seventeen decimals of a number that repeats forever.\n *\n * The fallback is bounded by the same fifteen. It used to stop at nine, which defeated the\n * one thing it exists to do: at 3e10 Hz — non-terminating, so no exact expansion to find —\n * the interval is 3.3e-11 and nine places rounded every sample in a record to the same\n * timestamp. A column that cannot tell two samples apart is not keeping them distinct, which\n * is what this branch is for.\n */\nconst MAX_TIME_DECIMALS = 15;\n\nexport function timeDecimals(samplingRate: number): number {\n  if (!(samplingRate > 0) || !Number.isFinite(samplingRate)) return 3;\n  for (let d = 0; d <= MAX_TIME_DECIMALS; d++) {\n    if (Number.isInteger(10 ** d / samplingRate)) return Math.max(3, d);\n  }\n  return Math.min(MAX_TIME_DECIMALS, Math.max(3, Math.ceil(Math.log10(samplingRate)) + 3));\n}\n\n/** Human-readable byte size for warnings and summaries. */\nexport function formatBytes(bytes: number): string {\n  const units = ['B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB'];\n  let value = bytes;\n  let unit = 0;\n  while (value >= 1024 && unit < units.length - 1) {\n    value /= 1024;\n    unit++;\n  }\n  let rounded = value >= 100 || unit === 0 ? Math.round(value) : Number(value.toFixed(1));\n  // Rounding can carry into the next unit, and the unit was chosen before it: 1,048,575 bytes\n  // is 1023.999 KB, which printed as \"1024 KB\". The same slip formatDuration below fixed by\n  // rounding before splitting, one function up.\n  if (rounded === 1024 && unit < units.length - 1) {\n    unit++;\n    rounded = 1;\n  }\n  return `${rounded} ${units[unit]}`;\n}\n\n/** Human-readable duration: 1h 05m 12s. */\nexport function formatDuration(seconds: number): string {\n  // A duration that is not a number cannot be broken into hours and minutes, and saying so\n  // beats the alternative: the fallback below rendered these as \"NaNs\" and \"Infinitys\".\n  if (!Number.isFinite(seconds)) return 'unknown';\n\n  /*\n    Past 2^53 the decomposition stops being arithmetic and starts being noise.\n\n    `total - h * 3600 - m * 60` cannot be exact once `total` exceeds what a double can hold\n    as a whole number, and the error lands in the seconds field, where it shows up as a\n    value that cannot exist. A header declaring a record duration of 1e300 printed:\n\n        Duration   8.333333333333333e+296h 48m -2880s\n\n    Forty-eight minutes and minus forty-eight seconds, under an hours field in exponent\n    notation. The seconds are the honest form for a figure this size — nobody reads\n    285 million years as hours — and the record count and duration are printed beside it\n    anyway, so a corrupt header stays just as visible.\n\n    Written through `fixed` rather than by interpolation, which is the same 1e21 cliff again:\n    `${seconds}` switches to exponent notation exactly where `toFixed` does, so the fallback\n    put a token back that this tool's own parser refuses. `--start 4000000000000000000000` on\n    a recording of three 1e21-second records was answered with\n\n        --start \"4000000000000000000000\" is at or past the end of this 3e+21s recording.\n\n    a sentence whose whole job is to say what window there is to ask for, ending in a length\n    `--start` and `--duration` reject with \"uses an unknown unit \\\"e\\\"\". `formatSeconds` in\n    time-range.ts was fixed for this in the other half of that same message, and its comment\n    quotes this half as part of what was wrong. `fixed` expands these with BigInt, which is\n    exact past 2^53 where a double carries no fraction anyway.\n  */\n  if (seconds < 0 || seconds >= Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) return `${fixed(seconds, 0)}s`;\n\n  // Round to the precision that will actually be printed BEFORE splitting into units.\n  // Splitting first left the remainder to be rounded on its own, so 3599.9996 s decomposed\n  // as 59 minutes and 59.9996 seconds and then printed as \"59m 60s\" — a duration that\n  // cannot exist. Rounding first carries the extra second into the minute where it belongs.\n  const total = Math.round(seconds * 1000) / 1000;\n  /*\n    A duration shorter than the rounding is not a duration of zero.\n\n    Three decimals is the right precision for a recording measured in hours, and it collapses\n    everything under half a millisecond to \"0s\". `repeating-fast.edf` — two records of 1e-15s,\n    six samples, one of this repository's own fixtures — printed\n\n        Duration   0s  (2 records of 1e-15s)\n\n    and refused `--start 0.5` with \"is at or past the end of this 0s recording\". A reader is\n    told the file holds nothing, on the line they look at first, about a file that converts to\n    six rows; the record duration two columns over already contradicts it. Same shape as the\n    other end of this function, which stops decomposing past 2^53 and prints the seconds\n    instead, and as the byte size above, which carries 1023.999 KB up rather than printing the\n    \"1024 KB\" no unit has. None of the three is a rounding rule; each one refuses to print a\n    form the quantity cannot take.\n\n    Written through `plain` rather than interpolated, for the reason the comment above gives:\n    `${1e-15}` is exponent notation, and the sentence this feeds is one whose whole job is to\n    say what `--start` may be given — and `--start 1e-15s` is refused as an unknown unit \"e\".\n  */\n  if (total === 0 && seconds > 0) return `${plainSeconds(seconds)}s`;\n  const h = Math.floor(total / 3600);\n  const m = Math.floor((total % 3600) / 60);\n  const s = Math.round((total - h * 3600 - m * 60) * 1000) / 1000;\n  const sText = Number.isInteger(s) ? String(s) : s.toFixed(3).replace(/\\.?0+$/u, '');\n  if (h > 0) return `${h}h ${String(m).padStart(2, '0')}m ${sText}s`;\n  if (m > 0) return `${m}m ${sText}s`;\n  return `${sText}s`;\n}\n\n/**\n * A length of time in a form the sentence it sits in can hold.\n *\n * `plain` expands a double to its full decimal form, which is what the columns of\n * annotations.csv need — one notation down a column, so a `merge` on it matches. Every message\n * that states a length of seconds took the same rendering, and a record duration is eight\n * characters of header, so `1e308` and `1e-320` both fit in one:\n *\n *     Duration   unknown  (2 records of 1000000000000000000000 ... 000s)\n *\n * Three hundred and nine digits, on a line whose other half has just said the total cannot be\n * stated — and three lines under a RATE column rendering the same magnitude as `4.000e-308 Hz`,\n * because `formatRate` already falls back to exponent form when plain decimal stops carrying\n * the number. This is the failure `listed` was written for, one line over: a message is not\n * the place for everything a header is free to ask for.\n *\n * Plain while plain is *typable*, which is the reason the expansion is here at all —\n * `--start 1e-15s` is refused as an unknown unit `e`, so `repeating-fast.edf` reads\n * `0.000000000000001s` and can be acted on. Past the width of a line nothing is typable\n * either way: a reader cannot count three hundred digits any more than they can pass an\n * exponent, so the shortest exact form is the more honest of the two.\n *\n * Here rather than in cli/report.ts, where 0.8.95 wrote it for one half of one line. The\n * other half of that same line expanded a duration of 3e-308 to three hundred and ten\n * characters; so did the refusal naming a record duration that is not positive, and the hint\n * that says how wide a window has to be to hold a sample. All four state a length of seconds\n * out of a header, and the rule is one rule.\n */\nconst LONGEST_PLAIN_SECONDS = 30;\n\nexport function plainSeconds(seconds: number): string {\n  const expanded = plain(seconds);\n  return expanded.length <= LONGEST_PLAIN_SECONDS ? expanded : String(seconds);\n}\n\n/** A record can declare a great many samples; two arrays this size is the cost of caching. */\nconst MAX_CACHED_OFFSETS = 1 << 20;\n\n/**\n * How many cached offsets a conversion has left to spend.\n *\n * The cap used to be per rate group, and a file may hold as many rate groups as it has\n * channels. Twelve channels at twelve rates just under the cap — a 25 MB file — took\n * 1.66 GB and 36 seconds, where a 92 MB file at one rate takes 283 MB and finishes in a\n * fraction of that; twenty-four of them never finished at all. A per-group limit is not a\n * limit, since nothing bounds the number of groups.\n *\n * One budget for the whole conversion makes the single-group case identical to what it was\n * and the many-group case bounded. Groups ask in order of rate, fastest first, so the cache\n * goes to the tables with the most rows to write and the ones that miss out are the ones\n * that would have gained least.\n */\nexport interface OffsetBudget {\n  remaining: number;\n}\n\nexport function newOffsetBudget(): OffsetBudget {\n  return { remaining: MAX_CACHED_OFFSETS };\n}\n\n/**\n * Formats the time column, reusing the part of it that repeats.\n *\n * Every value cell is already cached — a channel has at most `digitalMax - digitalMin + 1`\n * distinct readings, so the same handful of strings serve millions of rows. The time column\n * had no such luck: it rises monotonically, so no two rows share a string and `toFixed` ran\n * once per row. On a ten-million-row conversion that was a third of the total time, more\n * than reading the file and writing the CSV put together.\n *\n * What repeats is the offset within a record. Sample `s` sits at `s / rate` from the start of\n * whichever record holds it, and there are only `samplesPerRecord` such offsets in the whole\n * recording. Splitting each into whole seconds and printed fraction turns the per-row work\n * into one integer addition and a concatenation:\n *\n *     record starting at 42s, sample 7 of a 100 Hz record\n *     -> 42 + 0 whole seconds, fraction \".070\"  ->  \"42.070\"\n *\n * The decomposition is only valid when the record starts on a whole, non-negative second,\n * which is what lets the fraction come entirely from the offset. A record starting at 0.5 s would mix the\n * two, so those fall back to formatting the sum directly. Continuous recordings start every\n * record at `index * recordDuration`, so this holds for all of them whose record duration is\n * a whole number of seconds, and for discontinuous files it holds per record depending on\n * where that record actually starts.\n */\nexport function makeTimeFormatter(\n  samplesPerRecord: number,\n  rate: number,\n  decimals: number,\n  budget: OffsetBudget = newOffsetBudget(),\n): (recordStart: number, sample: number) => string {\n  const usable = rate > 0 && Number.isFinite(rate);\n\n  /** The sum, formatted. Right only where the decomposition below does not apply. */\n  const summed = (recordStart: number, sample: number): string =>\n    fixed(recordStart + sample / rate, decimals);\n\n  /*\n    The same decomposition the table holds, computed on the spot.\n\n    This used to be the sum, and that made the time column two columns depending on how much\n    of the budget above was left. `recordStart + sample / rate` cannot carry the fraction once\n    the record start is large: at a start of 1e9 and 30 kHz the exact instant is\n    1000000000.0000333333, and the double nearest the sum prints as 1000000000.00003338 —\n    the last two places are the addition's rounding, not the recording's clock.\n\n    Which of the two a rate group got was decided by the groups ahead of it, since they ask\n    from one budget fastest first. So a recording whose fast channel takes the table left its\n    slow channel adding doubles, and the same channel asked for on its own got the table:\n\n        edf2csv far.edf --out whole                 ->  1000000000.00003338\n        edf2csv far.edf --out one --channels slow   ->  1000000000.00003333\n\n    Two files from one recording disagreeing about when a sample was taken, in a tool whose\n    documentation says `--channels` selects columns and changes nothing else. The narrowing\n    sweep asserts exactly that and could not see it: its fixtures are small enough that the\n    budget never runs out, so both conversions took the table.\n\n    The sum is still the answer where the decomposition has nothing to stand on — a record\n    starting on a fraction or before zero, where the whole part and the fraction are not\n    separable — and past 1e21, where the whole part stops printing in full.\n  */\n  const composed = (recordStart: number, sample: number): string => {\n    const text = fixed(sample / rate, decimals);\n    const dot = text.indexOf('.');\n    const whole = recordStart + (dot === -1 ? Number(text) : Number(text.slice(0, dot)));\n    if (whole >= 1e21) return summed(recordStart, sample);\n    return dot === -1 ? `${whole}` : `${whole}${text.slice(dot)}`;\n  };\n\n  /** What every row gets when the table is not there to be read. */\n  const direct = (recordStart: number, sample: number): string =>\n    usable && sample >= 0 && Number.isInteger(recordStart) && recordStart >= 0\n      ? composed(recordStart, sample)\n      : summed(recordStart, sample);\n\n  if (!usable || samplesPerRecord <= 0 || samplesPerRecord > budget.remaining) {\n    return direct;\n  }\n  budget.remaining -= samplesPerRecord;\n\n  // Whole seconds and printed fraction of each offset, taken from the formatted offset\n  // itself so that an offset which rounds up to the next second (0.9996 at three places)\n  // carries that second rather than losing it.\n  const wholeOffset = new Float64Array(samplesPerRecord);\n  const fractionText: string[] = new Array<string>(samplesPerRecord);\n  for (let sample = 0; sample < samplesPerRecord; sample++) {\n    const text = fixed(sample / rate, decimals);\n    const dot = text.indexOf('.');\n    wholeOffset[sample] = dot === -1 ? Number(text) : Number(text.slice(0, dot));\n    fractionText[sample] = dot === -1 ? '' : text.slice(dot);\n  }\n\n  return (recordStart: number, sample: number): string => {\n    /*\n      Non-negative only. Appending a fraction to a negative whole part moves the time the\n      wrong way: a record at -5 s and an offset of half a second is -4.5, but \"-5\" and\n      \".500\" concatenate to -5.500. Recording times start at zero, so this is unreachable\n      from a well-formed file — an EDF+ timekeeping TAL is free to carry a negative onset\n      though, and that is enough reason for the fast path to decline it.\n    */\n    if (\n      sample < 0 ||\n      sample >= samplesPerRecord ||\n      !Number.isInteger(recordStart) ||\n      recordStart < 0\n    ) {\n      return direct(recordStart, sample);\n    }\n    const whole = recordStart + (wholeOffset[sample] as number);\n    /*\n      The same 1e21 cliff `fixed` guards against, arriving through the back door.\n\n      `${whole}` is the implicit Number-to-String conversion, which switches to exponent\n      notation at 1e21 exactly as `toFixed` does — and then the cached fraction is glued onto\n      the end of it, so the cell reads \"1e+21.000\". That is not a number in any notation:\n      pandas and R both parse it as NaN, and a column of ordinary decimals ends in a run of\n      them. A header may legitimately say `1e21` in its 8-character record-duration field, so\n      three records are enough to reach it.\n\n      The slow path already expands these with BigInt. One comparison per row keeps that\n      correct without giving up the cache for the other twenty million.\n    */\n    if (whole >= 1e21) return summed(recordStart, sample);\n    return `${whole}${fractionText[sample] as string}`;\n  };\n}\n"]}
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Two things keep it cheap:\n *\n *  - Every sample in a channel comes from a bounded set of integers (digitalMin to\n *    digitalMax, typically 4096 distinct values for a 12-bit ADC). The formatted\n *    text for a digital code never changes, so it is computed once and reused.\n *  - The cache fills lazily. Real recordings visit only a fraction of the range,\n *    and a channel with an implausibly wide range falls back to direct formatting\n *    rather than reserving memory it will never use.\n */\n\nimport type { EdfSignal } from '../edf/header.js';\nimport { makeScaler } from '../edf/scale.js';\n\n/** Widest digital range worth caching: 16 bits of pointers is 512 KB per channel. */\nconst MAX_CACHED_SPAN = 1 << 16;\n\n/**\n * How many cached sample slots a conversion has left to spend.\n *\n * MAX_CACHED_SPAN is a bound on one channel, and a bound on one channel is not a bound: a\n * file may declare as many channels as it likes, and each was handed its own cache. A\n * channel declaring the ordinary full 16-bit digital range takes the whole 512 KB, so a\n * 256-channel montage reserved 134 MB of pointers before writing a row — a 7.9 MB\n * recording that needed a 192 MB heap and died with a V8 out-of-memory fatal error under\n * anything smaller. The caches were the live set; nothing else in the conversion came near\n * them. It is the same shape of mistake the offset budget below was made to fix, one level\n * over: there the unbounded count was rate groups, here it is channels.\n *\n * One budget for the whole conversion leaves the ordinary recording exactly as it was and\n * puts a ceiling on the dense montage: the same 256-channel file now holds its caches to\n * 16 MB and converts under a 48 MB heap. Channels ask in the order the groups are written,\n * which is fastest rate first, so the cache goes to the channels with the most cells to\n * format. The ones that miss out fall back to formatting directly, which produces\n * identical text — the output is byte-for-byte what it was.\n */\nexport interface SampleCacheBudget {\n  remaining: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * Slots for the whole conversion: 16 MB of pointers if every one is claimed.\n *\n * Enough that a full 32-channel montage declaring the whole 16-bit range keeps every cache\n * it had before, and 512 channels of an ordinary 12-bit ADC do too. 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Readers parse it back as NaN / NA\n  // rather than as a measurement.\n  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) return '';\n\n  // toFixed switches to exponent notation at 1e21, which would put \"1e+21\" in a column\n  // whose every other cell is plain fixed-decimal — and a reader parsing the column as\n  // decimal text has no reason to expect it. Reachable because EDF's 8-character physical\n  // range fields accept exponent form, so a header may legitimately say \"1e30\".\n  //\n  // Above 2^53 a double carries no fractional part anyway, so the integer expansion is\n  // exact rather than an approximation of one.\n  if (Math.abs(value) >= 1e21) {\n    const whole = BigInt(Math.trunc(value)).toString();\n    return decimals > 0 ? `${whole}.${'0'.repeat(decimals)}` : whole;\n  }\n\n  const text = value.toFixed(decimals);\n  if (text.charCodeAt(0) !== 45 /* - */) return text;\n  // Cheap check for \"-0\", \"-0.0\", \"-0.000\"...\n  for (let i = 1; i < text.length; i++) {\n    const c = text.charCodeAt(i);\n    if (c === 46 /* . */ || c === 48 /* 0 */) continue;\n    return text;\n  }\n  return text.slice(1);\n}\n\n/**\n * A number as plain decimal text, at any magnitude.\n *\n * `String()` switches to exponent notation twice — above 1e21 and below 1e-6 — and\n * annotations.csv wrote its `onset_s` and `duration_s` through it. An EDF+ TAL states its\n * onset as ordinary decimal text, so a file saying `+0.0000001` came back as `1e-7` in a\n * column whose every other cell is a plain decimal, beside a `time_s` the documentation says\n * it \"joins directly\" with. It does not: pandas reads the column as object rather than\n * float64 once one cell is exponent text, and a `merge` on it matches nothing.\n *\n * `fixed` cannot answer this. It needs a decimal count, and these two columns are documented\n * as carrying \"their natural numeric form ... without padding to a fixed decimal count\" —\n * asking for enough places to hold 1e-7 would rewrite `0.1` as `0.10000000000000000555`.\n * Expanding the notation instead touches only the values that are in it and leaves every\n * other cell byte-for-byte what it was.\n */\nexport function plain(value: number): string {\n  const text = String(value);\n  const e = text.indexOf('e');\n  if (e === -1) return text;\n  const negative = text.charCodeAt(0) === 45 /* - */;\n  const mantissa = text.slice(negative ? 1 : 0, e);\n  const dot = mantissa.indexOf('.');\n  // Where the point sits once the exponent is spent, counted in significant digits.\n  const point = (dot === -1 ? mantissa.length : dot) + Number(text.slice(e + 1));\n  const digits = dot === -1 ? mantissa : mantissa.slice(0, dot) + mantissa.slice(dot + 1);\n  const sign = negative ? '-' : '';\n  if (point <= 0) return `${sign}0.${'0'.repeat(-point)}${digits}`;\n  if (point >= digits.length) return `${sign}${digits}${'0'.repeat(point - digits.length)}`;\n  return `${sign}${digits.slice(0, point)}.${digits.slice(point)}`;\n}\n\n/** Maps a raw digital sample to its formatted physical value. */\nexport type SampleFormatter = (digital: number) => string;\n\nexport function makeSampleFormatter(\n  signal: EdfSignal,\n  decimals: number,\n  budget: SampleCacheBudget = newSampleCacheBudget(),\n): SampleFormatter {\n  const scale = makeScaler(signal);\n  const low = Math.min(signal.digitalMin, signal.digitalMax);\n  const high = Math.max(signal.digitalMin, signal.digitalMax);\n  const span = high - low + 1;\n\n  if (\n    !Number.isFinite(span) ||\n    span <= 0 ||\n    span > MAX_CACHED_SPAN ||\n    span > budget.remaining\n  ) {\n    return (digital: number): string => fixed(scale(digital), decimals);\n  }\n  budget.remaining -= span;\n\n  /*\n    The cache covers the channel's declared digital range, not the whole int16 domain.\n\n    Allocating 65536 slots regardless of span cost 512 KB of pointers per channel, which a\n    dense montage cannot afford: a 400-channel recording needed over 200 MB of cache alone\n    and died with a V8 out-of-memory fatal error before writing a row. Sizing to the\n    declared span makes the ordinary 12-bit channel 32 KB instead — the same 400 channels\n    now fit in about 13 MB. Channels that declare the full range still take the whole 512 KB,\n    which is what the budget above is for.\n\n    Samples outside the declared range still occur in non-conforming files. They simply\n    miss the cache and are formatted directly, which produces identical text.\n  */\n  const cache = new Array<string | undefined>(span);\n  return (digital: number): string => {\n    const slot = digital - low;\n    if (slot >= 0 && slot < span) {\n      const hit = cache[slot];\n      if (hit !== undefined) return hit;\n      const text = fixed(scale(digital), decimals);\n      cache[slot] = text;\n      return text;\n    }\n    return fixed(scale(digital), decimals);\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Decimals for the time column.\n *\n * The interval between samples is 1/rate, which has a terminating decimal expansion of d\n * places exactly when 10^d divides evenly by the rate. Writing that many places makes sample\n * times exact rather than rounded, so `time_s * rate` comes back as a whole number instead\n * of 8191.999999.\n *\n * The search used to stop at nine places, and the comment here claimed \"every rate in common\n * use clears this — 256 Hz needs 8 places, 512 Hz needs 9\". The next two powers of two do\n * not: 1/1024 needs ten places and 1/2048 needs eleven, and those are the rates a BioSemi\n * ActiveTwo records at by default. Both fell through to the rounding fallback, so the two\n * most common high-rate EEG recordings got exactly the behaviour this function exists to\n * avoid — 0.0009766 for an interval of 0.0009765625.\n *\n * A rate of 2^a * 5^b terminates in max(a, b) places, so fifteen covers every power of two up\n * to 32768 Hz, far past anything that records biosignals. Rates with a repeating expansion\n * (3 Hz, say) still fall back to enough places to keep consecutive samples distinct, and that\n * fallback keeps its own cap.\n *\n * Fifteen and not more, because the test below has to stay exact: 10^16 is past 2^53, where a\n * double can no longer hold every integer, and `Number.isInteger(10 ** 17 / 3)` is true — so a\n * larger bound reports a terminating expansion for rates that have none, and 3 Hz would ask\n * for seventeen decimals of a number that repeats forever.\n *\n * The fallback is bounded by the same fifteen. It used to stop at nine, which defeated the\n * one thing it exists to do: at 3e10 Hz — non-terminating, so no exact expansion to find —\n * the interval is 3.3e-11 and nine places rounded every sample in a record to the same\n * timestamp. A column that cannot tell two samples apart is not keeping them distinct, which\n * is what this branch is for.\n */\nconst MAX_TIME_DECIMALS = 15;\n\nexport function timeDecimals(samplingRate: number): number {\n  if (!(samplingRate > 0) || !Number.isFinite(samplingRate)) return 3;\n  for (let d = 0; d <= MAX_TIME_DECIMALS; d++) {\n    if (Number.isInteger(10 ** d / samplingRate)) return Math.max(3, d);\n  }\n  return Math.min(MAX_TIME_DECIMALS, Math.max(3, Math.ceil(Math.log10(samplingRate)) + 3));\n}\n\n/** Human-readable byte size for warnings and summaries. */\nexport function formatBytes(bytes: number): string {\n  const units = ['B', 'KB', 'MB', 'GB', 'TB'];\n  let value = bytes;\n  let unit = 0;\n  while (value >= 1024 && unit < units.length - 1) {\n    value /= 1024;\n    unit++;\n  }\n  let rounded = value >= 100 || unit === 0 ? Math.round(value) : Number(value.toFixed(1));\n  // Rounding can carry into the next unit, and the unit was chosen before it: 1,048,575 bytes\n  // is 1023.999 KB, which printed as \"1024 KB\". The same slip formatDuration below fixed by\n  // rounding before splitting, one function up.\n  if (rounded === 1024 && unit < units.length - 1) {\n    unit++;\n    rounded = 1;\n  }\n  return `${rounded} ${units[unit]}`;\n}\n\n/** Human-readable duration: 1h 05m 12s. */\nexport function formatDuration(seconds: number): string {\n  // A duration that is not a number cannot be broken into hours and minutes, and saying so\n  // beats the alternative: the fallback below rendered these as \"NaNs\" and \"Infinitys\".\n  if (!Number.isFinite(seconds)) return 'unknown';\n\n  /*\n    Past 2^53 the decomposition stops being arithmetic and starts being noise.\n\n    `total - h * 3600 - m * 60` cannot be exact once `total` exceeds what a double can hold\n    as a whole number, and the error lands in the seconds field, where it shows up as a\n    value that cannot exist. A header declaring a record duration of 1e300 printed:\n\n        Duration   8.333333333333333e+296h 48m -2880s\n\n    Forty-eight minutes and minus forty-eight seconds, under an hours field in exponent\n    notation. The seconds are the honest form for a figure this size — nobody reads\n    285 million years as hours — and the record count and duration are printed beside it\n    anyway, so a corrupt header stays just as visible.\n\n    Written through `fixed` rather than by interpolation, which is the same 1e21 cliff again:\n    `${seconds}` switches to exponent notation exactly where `toFixed` does, so the fallback\n    put a token back that this tool's own parser refuses. `--start 4000000000000000000000` on\n    a recording of three 1e21-second records was answered with\n\n        --start \"4000000000000000000000\" is at or past the end of this 3e+21s recording.\n\n    a sentence whose whole job is to say what window there is to ask for, ending in a length\n    `--start` and `--duration` reject with \"uses an unknown unit \\\"e\\\"\". `formatSeconds` in\n    time-range.ts was fixed for this in the other half of that same message, and its comment\n    quotes this half as part of what was wrong. `fixed` expands these with BigInt, which is\n    exact past 2^53 where a double carries no fraction anyway.\n  */\n  /*\n    Through the same ceiling as the branch below it, which 0.9.7 found this one missing.\n\n    0.8.98 put every message that states a length of seconds through `plainSeconds` — plain\n    while plain is typable, the shortest exact form past that — and routed four sites to it.\n    This is a fifth, reached by a different helper: one data record of 1e308 seconds is a\n    finite duration past 2^53, so it takes this branch and `fixed(…, 0)` expanded it.\n\n        Duration   100000000000000001097906362944045541740 … 336s  (1 record of 1e+308s)\n\n    Three hundred and ten characters, on the line whose parenthetical had just been capped at\n    thirty — and the two halves are the same number to within a factor of one.\n  */\n  if (seconds < 0 || seconds >= Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER) return `${plainSeconds(seconds)}s`;\n\n  // Round to the precision that will actually be printed BEFORE splitting into units.\n  // Splitting first left the remainder to be rounded on its own, so 3599.9996 s decomposed\n  // as 59 minutes and 59.9996 seconds and then printed as \"59m 60s\" — a duration that\n  // cannot exist. Rounding first carries the extra second into the minute where it belongs.\n  const total = Math.round(seconds * 1000) / 1000;\n  /*\n    A duration shorter than the rounding is not a duration of zero.\n\n    Three decimals is the right precision for a recording measured in hours, and it collapses\n    everything under half a millisecond to \"0s\". `repeating-fast.edf` — two records of 1e-15s,\n    six samples, one of this repository's own fixtures — printed\n\n        Duration   0s  (2 records of 1e-15s)\n\n    and refused `--start 0.5` with \"is at or past the end of this 0s recording\". A reader is\n    told the file holds nothing, on the line they look at first, about a file that converts to\n    six rows; the record duration two columns over already contradicts it. Same shape as the\n    other end of this function, which stops decomposing past 2^53 and prints the seconds\n    instead, and as the byte size above, which carries 1023.999 KB up rather than printing the\n    \"1024 KB\" no unit has. None of the three is a rounding rule; each one refuses to print a\n    form the quantity cannot take.\n\n    Written through `plain` rather than interpolated, for the reason the comment above gives:\n    `${1e-15}` is exponent notation, and the sentence this feeds is one whose whole job is to\n    say what `--start` may be given — and `--start 1e-15s` is refused as an unknown unit \"e\".\n  */\n  if (total === 0 && seconds > 0) return `${plainSeconds(seconds)}s`;\n  const h = Math.floor(total / 3600);\n  const m = Math.floor((total % 3600) / 60);\n  const s = Math.round((total - h * 3600 - m * 60) * 1000) / 1000;\n  const sText = Number.isInteger(s) ? String(s) : s.toFixed(3).replace(/\\.?0+$/u, '');\n  if (h > 0) return `${h}h ${String(m).padStart(2, '0')}m ${sText}s`;\n  if (m > 0) return `${m}m ${sText}s`;\n  return `${sText}s`;\n}\n\n/**\n * A length of time in a form the sentence it sits in can hold.\n *\n * `plain` expands a double to its full decimal form, which is what the columns of\n * annotations.csv need — one notation down a column, so a `merge` on it matches. Every message\n * that states a length of seconds took the same rendering, and a record duration is eight\n * characters of header, so `1e308` and `1e-320` both fit in one:\n *\n *     Duration   unknown  (2 records of 1000000000000000000000 ... 000s)\n *\n * Three hundred and nine digits, on a line whose other half has just said the total cannot be\n * stated — and three lines under a RATE column rendering the same magnitude as `4.000e-308 Hz`,\n * because `formatRate` already falls back to exponent form when plain decimal stops carrying\n * the number. This is the failure `listed` was written for, one line over: a message is not\n * the place for everything a header is free to ask for.\n *\n * Plain while plain is *typable*, which is the reason the expansion is here at all —\n * `--start 1e-15s` is refused as an unknown unit `e`, so `repeating-fast.edf` reads\n * `0.000000000000001s` and can be acted on. Past the width of a line nothing is typable\n * either way: a reader cannot count three hundred digits any more than they can pass an\n * exponent, so the shortest exact form is the more honest of the two.\n *\n * Forty and not the thirty this was written with. 0.9.7 brought `formatDuration` under the same\n * rule, and the value it renders is the one the window refusals hand back — \"is at or past the\n * end of this 3e+21s recording\" is a sentence whose whole job is to say what window there is to\n * ask for, and a test has held it to a length `--start` accepts since 0.5.x. That test asks for\n * 1e30, which is thirty-one digits: a figure below the old ceiling and above it at once. Forty\n * clears every value those tests name and still cuts the three hundred that started this.\n *\n * Here rather than in cli/report.ts, where 0.8.95 wrote it for one half of one line. The\n * other half of that same line expanded a duration of 3e-308 to three hundred and ten\n * characters; so did the refusal naming a record duration that is not positive, and the hint\n * that says how wide a window has to be to hold a sample. All four state a length of seconds\n * out of a header, and the rule is one rule.\n */\nconst LONGEST_PLAIN_SECONDS = 40;\n\nexport function plainSeconds(seconds: number): string {\n  return withinLine(plain(seconds), seconds);\n}\n\n/**\n * The same ceiling, for a rendering that is not `plain`'s.\n *\n * `formatDuration` decomposes into hours and minutes, and past 2^53 prints the seconds through\n * `fixed`; `formatSeconds` in time-range.ts rounds to three places and trims. Both state a\n * length of seconds out of a header and neither goes through `plain`, so neither took the\n * ceiling 0.8.98 applied to the four that do — and one data record of 1e308 seconds is a finite\n * duration past 2^53, which `fixed` expanded to three hundred and ten characters on the line\n * whose parenthetical had already been capped.\n */\nexport function withinLine(text: string, seconds: number): string {\n  return text.length <= LONGEST_PLAIN_SECONDS ? text : String(seconds);\n}\n\n/** A record can declare a great many samples; two arrays this size is the cost of caching. */\nconst MAX_CACHED_OFFSETS = 1 << 20;\n\n/**\n * How many cached offsets a conversion has left to spend.\n *\n * The cap used to be per rate group, and a file may hold as many rate groups as it has\n * channels. Twelve channels at twelve rates just under the cap — a 25 MB file — took\n * 1.66 GB and 36 seconds, where a 92 MB file at one rate takes 283 MB and finishes in a\n * fraction of that; twenty-four of them never finished at all. A per-group limit is not a\n * limit, since nothing bounds the number of groups.\n *\n * One budget for the whole conversion makes the single-group case identical to what it was\n * and the many-group case bounded. Groups ask in order of rate, fastest first, so the cache\n * goes to the tables with the most rows to write and the ones that miss out are the ones\n * that would have gained least.\n */\nexport interface OffsetBudget {\n  remaining: number;\n}\n\nexport function newOffsetBudget(): OffsetBudget {\n  return { remaining: MAX_CACHED_OFFSETS };\n}\n\n/**\n * Formats the time column, reusing the part of it that repeats.\n *\n * Every value cell is already cached — a channel has at most `digitalMax - digitalMin + 1`\n * distinct readings, so the same handful of strings serve millions of rows. The time column\n * had no such luck: it rises monotonically, so no two rows share a string and `toFixed` ran\n * once per row. On a ten-million-row conversion that was a third of the total time, more\n * than reading the file and writing the CSV put together.\n *\n * What repeats is the offset within a record. Sample `s` sits at `s / rate` from the start of\n * whichever record holds it, and there are only `samplesPerRecord` such offsets in the whole\n * recording. Splitting each into whole seconds and printed fraction turns the per-row work\n * into one integer addition and a concatenation:\n *\n *     record starting at 42s, sample 7 of a 100 Hz record\n *     -> 42 + 0 whole seconds, fraction \".070\"  ->  \"42.070\"\n *\n * The decomposition is only valid when the record starts on a whole, non-negative second,\n * which is what lets the fraction come entirely from the offset. A record starting at 0.5 s would mix the\n * two, so those fall back to formatting the sum directly. Continuous recordings start every\n * record at `index * recordDuration`, so this holds for all of them whose record duration is\n * a whole number of seconds, and for discontinuous files it holds per record depending on\n * where that record actually starts.\n */\nexport function makeTimeFormatter(\n  samplesPerRecord: number,\n  rate: number,\n  decimals: number,\n  budget: OffsetBudget = newOffsetBudget(),\n): (recordStart: number, sample: number) => string {\n  const usable = rate > 0 && Number.isFinite(rate);\n\n  /** The sum, formatted. Right only where the decomposition below does not apply. */\n  const summed = (recordStart: number, sample: number): string =>\n    fixed(recordStart + sample / rate, decimals);\n\n  /*\n    The same decomposition the table holds, computed on the spot.\n\n    This used to be the sum, and that made the time column two columns depending on how much\n    of the budget above was left. `recordStart + sample / rate` cannot carry the fraction once\n    the record start is large: at a start of 1e9 and 30 kHz the exact instant is\n    1000000000.0000333333, and the double nearest the sum prints as 1000000000.00003338 —\n    the last two places are the addition's rounding, not the recording's clock.\n\n    Which of the two a rate group got was decided by the groups ahead of it, since they ask\n    from one budget fastest first. So a recording whose fast channel takes the table left its\n    slow channel adding doubles, and the same channel asked for on its own got the table:\n\n        edf2csv far.edf --out whole                 ->  1000000000.00003338\n        edf2csv far.edf --out one --channels slow   ->  1000000000.00003333\n\n    Two files from one recording disagreeing about when a sample was taken, in a tool whose\n    documentation says `--channels` selects columns and changes nothing else. The narrowing\n    sweep asserts exactly that and could not see it: its fixtures are small enough that the\n    budget never runs out, so both conversions took the table.\n\n    The sum is still the answer where the decomposition has nothing to stand on — a record\n    starting on a fraction or before zero, where the whole part and the fraction are not\n    separable — and past 1e21, where the whole part stops printing in full.\n  */\n  const composed = (recordStart: number, sample: number): string => {\n    const text = fixed(sample / rate, decimals);\n    const dot = text.indexOf('.');\n    const whole = recordStart + (dot === -1 ? Number(text) : Number(text.slice(0, dot)));\n    if (whole >= 1e21) return summed(recordStart, sample);\n    return dot === -1 ? `${whole}` : `${whole}${text.slice(dot)}`;\n  };\n\n  /** What every row gets when the table is not there to be read. */\n  const direct = (recordStart: number, sample: number): string =>\n    usable && sample >= 0 && Number.isInteger(recordStart) && recordStart >= 0\n      ? composed(recordStart, sample)\n      : summed(recordStart, sample);\n\n  if (!usable || samplesPerRecord <= 0 || samplesPerRecord > budget.remaining) {\n    return direct;\n  }\n  budget.remaining -= samplesPerRecord;\n\n  // Whole seconds and printed fraction of each offset, taken from the formatted offset\n  // itself so that an offset which rounds up to the next second (0.9996 at three places)\n  // carries that second rather than losing it.\n  const wholeOffset = new Float64Array(samplesPerRecord);\n  const fractionText: string[] = new Array<string>(samplesPerRecord);\n  for (let sample = 0; sample < samplesPerRecord; sample++) {\n    const text = fixed(sample / rate, decimals);\n    const dot = text.indexOf('.');\n    wholeOffset[sample] = dot === -1 ? Number(text) : Number(text.slice(0, dot));\n    fractionText[sample] = dot === -1 ? '' : text.slice(dot);\n  }\n\n  return (recordStart: number, sample: number): string => {\n    /*\n      Non-negative only. Appending a fraction to a negative whole part moves the time the\n      wrong way: a record at -5 s and an offset of half a second is -4.5, but \"-5\" and\n      \".500\" concatenate to -5.500. Recording times start at zero, so this is unreachable\n      from a well-formed file — an EDF+ timekeeping TAL is free to carry a negative onset\n      though, and that is enough reason for the fast path to decline it.\n    */\n    if (\n      sample < 0 ||\n      sample >= samplesPerRecord ||\n      !Number.isInteger(recordStart) ||\n      recordStart < 0\n    ) {\n      return direct(recordStart, sample);\n    }\n    const whole = recordStart + (wholeOffset[sample] as number);\n    /*\n      The same 1e21 cliff `fixed` guards against, arriving through the back door.\n\n      `${whole}` is the implicit Number-to-String conversion, which switches to exponent\n      notation at 1e21 exactly as `toFixed` does — and then the cached fraction is glued onto\n      the end of it, so the cell reads \"1e+21.000\". That is not a number in any notation:\n      pandas and R both parse it as NaN, and a column of ordinary decimals ends in a run of\n      them. A header may legitimately say `1e21` in its 8-character record-duration field, so\n      three records are enough to reach it.\n\n      The slow path already expands these with BigInt. One comparison per row keeps that\n      correct without giving up the cache for the other twenty million.\n    */\n    if (whole >= 1e21) return summed(recordStart, sample);\n    return `${whole}${fractionText[sample] as string}`;\n  };\n}\n"]}

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "edf2csv",
-  "version": "0.9.6",
+  "version": "0.9.8",
   "description": "Convert EDF, EDF+ and BDF biosignal recordings (European Data Format) to CSV from the command line. Local, streaming, and never resamples or alters units.",
   "keywords": [
     "edf",