edf2csv 0.7.217 → 0.7.219

package/dist/convert/plan.js

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 import { formatRate, formatRates } from '../edf/header.js';
 import { decimalsAreClamped, decimalsForSignal, makeScaler } from '../edf/scale.js';
 import { UTF8_BOM, csvRow, escapeCsvField } from '../format/csv.js';
-import { listed } from '../format/list.js';
+import { counted, listed } from '../format/list.js';
 import { fixed, timeDecimals } from '../format/number.js';
 import { TIME_COLUMN, buildColumnNames, renamedByCollision, selectChannels } from './channels.js';
 import { assertOptions } from './options.js';
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ export function buildPlan(input, options = {}) {
     */
     const untimeable = groups.some((group) => !Number.isFinite(group.rate));
     if (writeSignals && groups.length > 0 && estimate.rows === 0 && !untimeable) {
-        diagnostics.push(emptyWindow(range, input.recordCount));
+        diagnostics.push(emptyWindow(range, input.recordCount, groups.length));
     }
     if (estimate.exceedsSpreadsheetLimit) {
         diagnostics.push({
@@ -469,16 +469,25 @@ function widthOf(magnitude, decimals, signed = false) {
  * happens to line up with the window; --strict turns it into a failure for those who want
  * that.
  */
-function emptyWindow(range, recordCount) {
+function emptyWindow(range, recordCount, fileCount) {
     const asked = !range.isWholeRecording;
+    /*
+      One rate is one file, which is nearly every recording, and this said "files" either way:
+      "so the signal files hold their headers and no data" over a single signals.csv. The count
+      is `plan.groups.length` and the caller has had it all along — it is the same number the
+      mixed-rate warning three functions up counts to decide whether to fire at all.
+    */
+    const tables = fileCount === 1
+        ? 'the signal file holds its header and no data'
+        : 'the signal files hold their headers and no data';
     return {
         code: 'EMPTY_WINDOW',
         severity: 'warning',
         message: asked
             ? `No samples fall inside the requested window (${fixed(range.startSeconds, 3)}s to ` +
-                `${fixed(range.endSeconds, 3)}s), so the signal files hold their headers and no data.`
-            : `This recording's ${recordCount} data records carry no samples in range, so the ` +
-                `signal files hold their headers and no data.`,
+                `${fixed(range.endSeconds, 3)}s), so ${tables}.`
+            : `This recording's ${counted(recordCount, 'data record')} carry no samples in range, ` +
+                `so ${tables}.`,
         hint: asked
             ? /*
                 Which of the two it was, rather than the second one always.

package/dist/convert/plan.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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* Turning a request into a concrete conversion plan.\n *\n * The plan is where the tool's central promise is enforced: channels recorded at\n * different sampling rates are never merged into one table. A single wide CSV can\n * only hold mixed rates by inventing samples for the slow channels — MNE, for\n * instance, expands three genuine 1 Hz temperature readings into 768 interpolated\n * values without warning. Instead each distinct rate gets its own file, so every\n * number in every output file is a number that was actually recorded.\n */\n\nimport type { Diagnostic } from '../edf/errors.js';\nimport type { EdfSignal } from '../edf/header.js';\nimport { formatRate, formatRates } from '../edf/header.js';\nimport { decimalsAreClamped, decimalsForSignal, makeScaler } from '../edf/scale.js';\nimport { UTF8_BOM, csvRow, escapeCsvField } from '../format/csv.js';\nimport { listed } from '../format/list.js';\nimport { fixed, timeDecimals } from '../format/number.js';\nimport { TIME_COLUMN, buildColumnNames, renamedByCollision, selectChannels } from './channels.js';\nimport { assertOptions } from './options.js';\nimport { countSamplesInRange, resolveRange } from './time-range.js';\nimport type { ResolvedRange } from './time-range.js';\n\nexport interface PlannedChannel {\n  signal: EdfSignal;\n  column: string;\n  decimals: number;\n}\n\nexport interface RateGroup {\n  /** Sampling rate in Hz shared by every channel in this group. */\n  rate: number;\n  samplesPerRecord: number;\n  fileName: string;\n  timeDecimals: number;\n  channels: PlannedChannel[];\n}\n\nexport interface PlanInput {\n  signals: readonly EdfSignal[];\n  recordDuration: number;\n  recordCount: number;\n  hasAnnotationChannel: boolean;\n  /**\n   * True start time of each data record, supplied for discontinuous files. The\n   * requested time window is resolved against these rather than against\n   * `recordCount * recordDuration`, which for a file with gaps is the amount of\n   * data rather than the span of time it covers.\n   */\n  recordStarts?: Float64Array | null | undefined;\n}\n\nexport interface PlanOptions {\n  channels?: readonly string[] | undefined;\n  start?: number | undefined;\n  /** The `--start` value exactly as typed, for error messages. */\n  startText?: string | undefined;\n  duration?: number | undefined;\n  end?: number | undefined;\n  /** The `--end` value exactly as typed, for error messages. */\n  endText?: string | undefined;\n  annotationsOnly?: boolean | undefined;\n  /** Force a fixed number of decimals instead of deriving it per channel. */\n  decimals?: number | undefined;\n  /** Compress each CSV with gzip, giving every one of them a `.gz` name. */\n  gzip?: boolean | undefined;\n  /** Start each CSV with a UTF-8 byte order mark, so Excel reads it as UTF-8. */\n  bom?: boolean | undefined;\n  /**\n   * How the samples are arranged in the CSV.\n   *\n   * `'wide'`, the default, gives one column per channel and one file per sampling rate.\n   * `'long'` gives one file, three columns — `time_s`, `channel`, `value` — and one row per\n   * sample. See ConversionPlan.layout for why that is the only way to put channels recorded\n   * at different rates in one table without inventing samples.\n   */\n  layout?: 'wide' | 'long' | undefined;\n}\n\nexport interface ConversionPlan {\n  groups: RateGroup[];\n  /**\n   * How the samples are arranged. `'wide'` is a column per channel and a file per rate;\n   * `'long'` is `time_s,channel,value`, one row per sample, all rates in one file.\n   *\n   * The wide layout has to split a mixed-rate recording across files: a 100 Hz channel and\n   * a 1 Hz channel share no rows, and putting them in one wide table means either 99 empty\n   * cells out of every hundred or inventing the samples that would fill them. In the long\n   * layout each sample carries its own time, so nothing has to line up and nothing is\n   * invented — which also makes it the one layout `--stdout` can stream for such a file.\n   */\n  layout: 'wide' | 'long';\n\n  /**\n   * Whether the CSVs will be compressed.\n   *\n   * Recorded rather than inferred from the group file names. Under `--annotations-only`\n   * there are no groups to read it off, and `--info` named `annotations.csv` for a run that\n   * wrote `annotations.csv.gz`.\n   */\n  gzip: boolean;\n  range: ResolvedRange;\n  columnNames: Map<number, string>;\n  writeSignals: boolean;\n  diagnostics: Diagnostic[];\n  estimate: OutputEstimate;\n}\n\nexport interface OutputEstimate {\n  /** Total data rows across every signal file. */\n  rows: number;\n  /**\n   * Approximate size of the signal CSVs as CSV text, which under `gzip` is not their size on\n   * disk: what is counted here is what the compressor is handed, and the file holds what it\n   * produces. `--info` writes \"before compression\" beside this number for that reason, and\n   * `infoJson` calls it a character count.\n   */\n  bytes: number;\n  /** True when any single file would exceed Excel's row limit. */\n  exceedsSpreadsheetLimit: boolean;\n}\n\nconst BOM_BYTES = Buffer.byteLength(UTF8_BOM);\n\n/** Excel and most spreadsheet tools stop at 1,048,576 rows including the header. */\nexport const SPREADSHEET_ROW_LIMIT = 1_048_576;\n\nexport function buildPlan(input: PlanInput, options: PlanOptions = {}): ConversionPlan {\n  // First, and before a directory is created or a stream opened, so a rejected option\n  // leaves nothing behind. See assertOptions for what used to get through.\n  assertOptions(options);\n\n  const diagnostics: Diagnostic[] = [];\n  const columnNames = buildColumnNames(input.signals);\n\n  // A channel whose own label was taken by something else in the header. Usually that is\n  // another channel's disambiguating suffix — the duplicate-label warning is about the labels\n  // that collided, this is about the channel that lost its name to them. The other way is a\n  // channel labelled `time_s`, where what took the name is the time column itself, which every\n  // signals.csv begins with and no file supplies.\n  /*\n    \"so its column is\" was a sentence about the wide layout, printed in both.\n\n    A long signals.csv has three columns — time_s, channel, value — and none of them is a\n    label: a channel appears there as a value in the `channel` column. So a `--layout long`\n    run was told that a column had been renamed to avoid colliding with a column neither of\n    them has, under a hint promising that \"column names are unique\" about a set of three\n    fixed strings the file never got from the header.\n\n    The rename is right in both layouts, which is why only the noun moves. The names have to\n    agree between the `channel` cells and channels.csv and across runs, and the `pivot` the\n    documentation gives for turning a long table back into a wide one would otherwise put a\n    `time_s` column against a `time_s` index — the collision one step later.\n  */\n  const inLongLayout = (options.layout ?? 'wide') === 'long';\n  for (const signal of renamedByCollision(input.signals, columnNames)) {\n    const taker =\n      signal.label === TIME_COLUMN\n        ? 'the name of the time column every signals.csv starts with'\n        : `also the column name another channel's \"_ch\" suffix produces`;\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'DUPLICATE_LABEL',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `Signal ${signal.index} is labelled \"${signal.label}\", which is ${taker}, ` +\n        `so ${inLongLayout ? 'it is named' : 'its column is'} \"${columnNames.get(signal.index)}\"` +\n        `${inLongLayout ? ' in the channel column' : ''}.`,\n      hint: inLongLayout\n        ? 'Channel names are unique; look this channel up in channels.csv by its signal_index.'\n        : 'Column names are unique; look this channel up in channels.csv by its signal_index.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  const range = resolveRange({\n    start: options.start,\n    startText: options.startText,\n    duration: options.duration,\n    end: options.end,\n    endText: options.endText,\n    recordDuration: input.recordDuration,\n    recordCount: input.recordCount,\n    recordStarts: input.recordStarts,\n  });\n\n  const writeSignals = options.annotationsOnly !== true;\n\n  let chosen: EdfSignal[] = input.signals.filter((s) => !s.isAnnotations);\n\n  /*\n    Channel names are checked even under --annotations-only, where the selection is not\n    otherwise used.\n\n    Skipping the check meant `--channels TYPO --annotations-only` exited 0 in silence while\n    the same typo without the flag was a usage error, and `--channels \"\"` stayed an error\n    in both — so a mistyped name was the one form of bad input the tool accepted quietly.\n    Everywhere else a term matching nothing is reported rather than ignored; a flag that\n    happens not to apply is a poor reason to make an exception.\n  */\n  if (options.channels && options.channels.length > 0) {\n    const selection = selectChannels(input.signals, options.channels);\n    if (writeSignals) chosen = selection.signals;\n    for (const { term, matched } of selection.ambiguous) {\n      diagnostics.push({\n        code: 'DUPLICATE_LABEL',\n        severity: 'warning',\n        message:\n          `\"${term}\" matches ${matched.length} channels (positions ` +\n          `${listed(matched.map((s) => `#${s.index}`))}); all of them were selected.`,\n        hint: `Use --channels \"#${matched[0]?.index ?? 0}\" to pick just one.`,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  const layout = options.layout ?? 'wide';\n  const groups = writeSignals\n    ? groupByRate(chosen, columnNames, options.decimals, options.gzip === true, layout)\n    : [];\n  const estimate = estimateOutput(\n    groups,\n    range,\n    input.recordDuration,\n    input.recordStarts,\n    options.bom === true,\n    layout,\n  );\n\n  /*\n    The mixed-rate warning describes what this conversion does, not what the file holds.\n\n    The header parser raises its own, which is right for `parseHeader` — but it sees every\n    channel and knows nothing about `--channels`. Converting one channel out of a three-rate\n    recording therefore announced \"3 different sampling rates ... written to one file per\n    rate\" over a run that wrote one file, in the same output where `--info` had already\n    marked the other two \"(not selected)\". Selecting two of the three was wrong the other\n    way: still \"3\".\n\n    Callers combining these with a file's own diagnostics drop that copy in favour of this\n    one; see `withoutFileRateWarning`.\n  */\n  if (groups.length > 1) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'MIXED_SAMPLING_RATES',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `Channels use ${groups.length} different sampling rates ` +\n        `(${listed(formatRates(groups.map((g) => g.rate)).map((r) => `${r} Hz`))}).`,\n      hint:\n        layout === 'long'\n          ? 'They share one table, each row carrying its own time, so no channel is resampled.'\n          : 'They are written to one file per rate so no channel is resampled.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  /*\n    A time column that cannot tell two samples apart.\n\n    Sample times are written to at most fifteen decimal places, which separates everything a\n    terminating rate can reach — every power of two through 32768 Hz and far past it. Below\n    that interval the column repeats: at 3e15 Hz, whose reciprocal never terminates, the rows\n    of one record carry the same time_s, so joining or plotting on it silently collapses\n    samples that are genuinely distinct. Nothing is lost from the file — every sample is\n    there, in order — but the column stops being an identifier, and that is worth saying\n    rather than leaving to be discovered.\n\n    This said nine places and a gigahertz, and illustrated it with 1 ns records — all three of\n    which stopped being true when 0.4.55 raised the search bound. Fifteen places resolve\n    1e-15 s, so a nanosecond interval is written exactly and that recording raises nothing at\n    all. warnings-and-errors.md was corrected then and carries a note saying so; the comment\n    it was written from was not, and the hint printed four lines below here has said \"the\n    fifteen places a double can hold exactly\" ever since.\n  */\n  for (const group of groups) {\n    const step = group.rate > 0 ? 1 / group.rate : 0;\n    /*\n      The limit of the same failure, which read as the absence of it.\n\n      `samplesPerRecord / recordDuration` is a double, and a record duration of 1e-308 with\n      four samples in it is Infinity. `1 / Infinity` is 0, so `step > 0` was false and this\n      said nothing — while every sample was dropped, the run exited 0, and the only warning\n      printed was EMPTY_WINDOW's \"This recording's 2 data records carry no samples in range\",\n      which is untrue twice over: the records carry eight samples and no range was asked for.\n\n      One power of ten away, at 1e-300, the rate is 4e300 and the file converts with the\n      warning below. Same guard `decimalsAreClamped` had before 0.5.83, in the column next\n      door: a step of exactly zero means no resolution at all, not nothing to report.\n\n      Its own branch because the hint below is false here — no rows are written at all, so\n      \"Every sample is written, in order\" would be the third untrue sentence.\n    */\n    if (!Number.isFinite(group.rate)) {\n      diagnostics.push({\n        code: 'TIME_RESOLUTION',\n        severity: 'warning',\n        message:\n          `Channels in ${group.fileName} work out to a sampling rate of ${formatRate(group.rate)} Hz ` +\n          `— their samples per record over a record duration too small to divide into — so ` +\n          `their samples cannot be placed in time and no rows are written for them.`,\n        hint:\n          'Check the record duration in the header. One power of ten larger and the same ' +\n          'file converts, with consecutive rows carrying the same time_s.',\n      });\n    } else if (step > 0 && step < 10 ** -group.timeDecimals) {\n      diagnostics.push({\n        code: 'TIME_RESOLUTION',\n        severity: 'warning',\n        message:\n          `Channels at ${formatRate(group.rate)} Hz sample faster than the time column can ` +\n          `distinguish, so consecutive rows in ${group.fileName} carry the same time_s value.`,\n        /*\n          \"or convert one rate at a time with --channels\" was advice that does nothing.\n\n          It parses, it runs, it exits 0, and the warning comes back word for word — so\n          somebody who followed it had every reason to think the column had been fixed. In\n          the wide layout each rate already has its own file and its own precision, and\n          `timeDecimals` is a function of the rate alone, so a narrowed conversion writes the\n          same column it wrote before. In the long layout the shared column takes the finest\n          precision *in the conversion*, and dropping rates can only make it coarser — never\n          fine enough to separate samples that were already inseparable.\n\n          Nor is there another option that would: --decimals sets the value precision and\n          says so, and every rate that reaches this warning has already been given the\n          fifteen places that are the ceiling. The first sentence was the whole of the\n          answer, so it is the whole of the hint.\n        */\n        hint:\n          'Every sample is written, in order. Use the row number rather than time_s to tell ' +\n          'them apart: the column already carries the fifteen places a double can hold ' +\n          'exactly, so no option or selection separates them.',\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  /*\n    The same failure as TIME_RESOLUTION, one column over.\n\n    A channel whose quantization step is below 1e-98 needs more decimals than `toFixed` can\n    print, so consecutive digital codes round to the same text and the arithmetic the FAQ\n    gives for recovering them stops working. That used to happen at 1e-20 and silently — see\n    MAX_DERIVED_DECIMALS. It is rare now, but \"rare\" is the reason to say so rather than the\n    reason not to.\n\n    Asked of the ceiling, not of the precision in use, and so asked whatever `--decimals`\n    says. `--decimals 2` on a channel needing 3 is a trade the caller made knowingly, and\n    reporting it was reporting the flag back at the person who typed it — every channel of an\n    ordinary EEG raised this, and since --strict turns any diagnostic into exit 1,\n    `--decimals 2 --strict` could not succeed on any recording at all.\n\n    0.5.10 fixed that by skipping the check whenever `--decimals` was given, which suppressed\n    the real case along with the false one: at `--decimals 20` a channel stepping by 1e-106\n    printed every code it had as `0.00000000000000000000`, and said nothing. The question is\n    not who chose the precision. It is whether any precision the tool can print would\n    separate consecutive codes.\n  */\n  for (const group of groups) {\n    const short = group.channels.filter((c) => decimalsAreClamped(c.signal));\n    if (short.length === 0) continue;\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'VALUE_RESOLUTION',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `${listed(short.map((c) => c.column))} ${short.length === 1 ? 'steps' : 'step'} by less ` +\n        `than any number of decimals this can print, so some consecutive samples round to ` +\n        `the same value in ${group.fileName}.`,\n      hint:\n        'Every sample is written, in order, and the physical values are computed at full ' +\n        'precision either way. What is lost is only in the printed text.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  /*\n    A window that selects nothing is a fact about the plan, so the plan is where it is raised.\n\n    It was pushed by `convert()` from the rows actually written, which meant `--info` never\n    said it: `--info --start 0.31 --end 0.39` on a 10 Hz recording printed \"Would write 0\n    rows\" with no warning and exited 0 under `--strict`, while converting the same window\n    warned and exited 1. The hint says \"Run with --info to see where the records actually\n    sit\" — advising the reader into the one mode that would not tell them.\n\n    The estimate's row count is exact, which `npm run estimate` checks across every fixture\n    crossed with every option set, so raising it from the plan says the same thing the rows\n    would have.\n  */\n  /*\n    Not when a rate above already explained it. EMPTY_WINDOW says the records \"carry no\n    samples in range\", and on a recording whose rate overflowed to Infinity that is untrue\n    twice: the records carry their samples, and no range was asked for. The rate warning is\n    the accurate account of the same zero.\n  */\n  const untimeable = groups.some((group) => !Number.isFinite(group.rate));\n  if (writeSignals && groups.length > 0 && estimate.rows === 0 && !untimeable) {\n    diagnostics.push(emptyWindow(range, input.recordCount));\n  }\n\n  if (estimate.exceedsSpreadsheetLimit) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'LARGE_OUTPUT',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `At least one output file will have more than ${SPREADSHEET_ROW_LIMIT.toLocaleString('en-US')} ` +\n        `rows, which is more than Excel or Numbers can open.`,\n      hint: 'Use --start and --duration to convert a section, or read the file with pandas or R.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  return { groups, layout, gzip: options.gzip === true, range, columnNames, writeSignals, diagnostics, estimate };\n}\n\n/**\n * Partition channels by sampling rate, largest first.\n *\n * The common case — every channel at one rate — collapses to a single group and a\n * single `signals.csv`, so the honest behaviour costs nothing when there is nothing\n * to be honest about.\n */\nfunction groupByRate(\n  signals: readonly EdfSignal[],\n  columnNames: Map<number, string>,\n  forcedDecimals: number | undefined,\n  gzip: boolean,\n  layout: 'wide' | 'long',\n): RateGroup[] {\n  const byRate = new Map<number, EdfSignal[]>();\n  for (const signal of signals) {\n    // A channel with no samples has no sampling rate to group by, and would\n    // otherwise produce an empty \"0hz\" file. The header parser already warned.\n    if (signal.samplesPerRecord === 0) continue;\n    const bucket = byRate.get(signal.samplingRate);\n    if (bucket) bucket.push(signal);\n    else byRate.set(signal.samplingRate, [signal]);\n  }\n\n  const rates = [...byRate.keys()].sort((a, b) => b - a);\n  // The long layout writes one table whatever the rates are, so every group names it.\n  const single = rates.length === 1 || layout === 'long';\n\n  /*\n    Two distinct rates can produce the same slug, because the slug rounds to six decimal\n    places. Rates come from samplesPerRecord / recordDuration and every channel shares the\n    record duration, so the closest two rates can be is 1 / recordDuration — which drops\n    below 1e-6 once a record is longer than about eleven days. Absurd, but the header\n    permits it, and the failure was silent and destructive: both groups opened a write\n    stream on the same path, so the file ended up holding interleaved rows from both\n    channels under a header naming only one of them.\n\n    Distinct rates therefore get distinct files, always. The suffix is only ever reached by\n    a collision, so ordinary recordings keep the names they have always had.\n\n    Naming from the whole set of rates at once removes most of those collisions before the\n    suffix has to. Rounding each rate on its own gave 1e-6 Hz and 1.25e-6 Hz the same slug,\n    and the numbering below then produced signals_0_000001hz.csv and signals_0_000001hz_2.csv\n    — two files that no longer overwrite each other, but of which only one is named for the\n    rate it holds. The suffix stays as the backstop for anything this still cannot separate.\n  */\n  const suffix = gzip ? '.csv.gz' : '.csv';\n  const slugs = formatRates(rates).map(slugFor);\n  const used = new Set<string>();\n  const uniqueName = (index: number): string => {\n    const base = `signals_${slugs[index]}`;\n    let name = `${base}${suffix}`;\n    for (let n = 2; used.has(name); n++) name = `${base}_${n}${suffix}`;\n    used.add(name);\n    return name;\n  };\n\n  return rates.map((rate, index) => {\n    const members = byRate.get(rate) ?? [];\n    const first = members[0];\n    return {\n      rate,\n      samplesPerRecord: first ? first.samplesPerRecord : 0,\n      fileName: single ? `signals${suffix}` : uniqueName(index),\n      /*\n        In the long layout every rate shares a `time_s` column, so they share its precision:\n        the finest any of them needs. Writing 100 Hz at three places and 256 Hz at eight in\n        the same column would make the column's meaning depend on the row.\n      */\n      timeDecimals: layout === 'long' ? Math.max(...rates.map(timeDecimals)) : timeDecimals(rate),\n      channels: members.map((signal) => ({\n        signal,\n        column: columnNames.get(signal.index) ?? `signal_${signal.index}`,\n        decimals: forcedDecimals ?? decimalsForSignal(signal),\n      })),\n    };\n  });\n}\n\n/**\n * A file's diagnostics with the header's mixed-rate warning removed.\n *\n * `buildPlan` raises that warning for the channels actually being converted, so keeping both\n * would either duplicate it or contradict it. The header parser's copy stays where it is, for\n * callers reading a header without planning a conversion.\n */\nexport function withoutFileRateWarning(diagnostics: readonly Diagnostic[]): Diagnostic[] {\n  return diagnostics.filter((d) => d.code !== 'MIXED_SAMPLING_RATES');\n}\n\n/** `256hz`, `12_5hz` — safe in a filename on every platform. */\nfunction slugFor(rendered: string): string {\n  return `${rendered.replace('.', '_')}hz`;\n}\n\n/**\n * One rate's slug, rendered on its own.\n *\n * The names a conversion writes come from `formatRates` over the whole set, which widens the\n * precision until rates that differ read as differing — so on a recording carrying both,\n * 1e-6 Hz and 1.25e-6 Hz are `0_000001hz` and `0_00000125hz`. This renders one rate with no\n * set to separate it from, and both of those come back `0_000001hz`.\n *\n * Which is right for the question it is asked, and was worth saying: a caller reaching for the\n * exported slug function to predict a filename got a name the tool does not write, on exactly\n * the rates the reference warns `formatRate` collapses. The two now spell a rendered rate the\n * same way, through the line above, so only the rendering differs and nothing can drift.\n */\nexport function rateSlug(rate: number): string {\n  return slugFor(formatRate(rate));\n}\n\n/**\n * Characters the time column occupies, measured over both ends of the window and signed.\n *\n * Both estimates measured the column against `range.endSeconds` alone, unsigned — while the\n * value column two lines below already allowed for a sign when either bound is negative. A\n * recording timed from before zero prints `-100.000` where that budgeted for `100.000`, so\n * every row came out a byte short: 203 predicted against 216 written, and 131 against 159 on\n * a shorter one. An estimate reading low is the one direction the correctness page says it\n * never goes — \"no byte count under the truth\" is what the estimate sweep asserts over every\n * fixture, and no fixture began before zero.\n *\n * The far end is not always the widest: from -100s to -97s it is the start.\n */\nfunction timeWidthFor(range: ResolvedRange, decimals: number): number {\n  return widthOf(\n    Math.max(Math.abs(range.startSeconds), Math.abs(range.endSeconds)),\n    decimals,\n    range.startSeconds < 0 || range.endSeconds < 0,\n  );\n}\n\n/**\n * How wide a value cell can print, from the channel's own calibration.\n *\n * Zero when that calibration holds no mapping — a digital range of one point, a physical span\n * that overflows or underflows a double — because such a channel writes an empty cell for\n * every sample rather than a number, which is the whole point of `makeScaler` returning NaN.\n *\n * Budgeting a full-width number for one broke the bound this estimate states beside never\n * reading low. A single-channel recording whose digital minimum equals its maximum, at\n * `--decimals 20`, was predicted at 651 bytes and wrote 151 — 4.31x, against a documented wall\n * of three. No fixture reaches it because `degenerate-range.edf` has two ordinary channels\n * beside its flat one, whose real cells pad the total back under the wall.\n *\n * Asked of `makeScaler` rather than restated here, for the reason `csvRow` measures the header\n * row: the function that decides whether a cell gets a number is the one that can still be\n * right when the rule changes. Both ends of the declared range are probed, so a calibration\n * that is finite anywhere keeps its full width and the estimate cannot start reading low.\n */\nfunction valueWidthOf(channel: PlannedChannel): number {\n  const scale = makeScaler(channel.signal);\n  const blank =\n    !Number.isFinite(scale(channel.signal.digitalMin)) &&\n    !Number.isFinite(scale(channel.signal.digitalMax));\n  if (blank) return 0;\n  return widthOf(\n    Math.max(Math.abs(channel.signal.physicalMin), Math.abs(channel.signal.physicalMax)),\n    channel.decimals,\n    channel.signal.physicalMin < 0 || channel.signal.physicalMax < 0,\n  );\n}\n\n/** Integer digits in `Number.MAX_VALUE`, which is the widest a finite double prints. */\nconst MAX_DOUBLE_DIGITS = 309;\n\n/** Characters a fixed-decimal number of this magnitude occupies, sign included. */\nfunction widthOf(magnitude: number, decimals: number, signed = false): number {\n  const size = Math.abs(magnitude);\n  const sign = signed ? 1 : 0;\n  const fraction = decimals > 0 ? 1 + decimals : 0;\n\n  /*\n    Cells are written with toFixed, which rounds. Taking the integer digits from the floor of\n    the bound therefore under-counted whenever rounding carried into a new digit: a channel\n    bounded at 9999.999 and written to zero decimals produces \"10000\", five characters where\n    the floor of 9999.999 suggests four. Every cell on such a channel was a byte short, and\n    `--info` reported 127 KB for a file that came out 131 KB.\n\n    Measuring the bound as rendered removes that. toFixed switches to exponential notation\n    past 1e21, so the arithmetic form still covers magnitudes beyond it.\n  */\n  /*\n    A bound that is not a number bounds nothing, so the widest cell it can produce is taken\n    instead: 309 digits, which is `Number.MAX_VALUE` written out.\n\n    One digit was budgeted, and the estimate read low — the one direction the correctness page\n    says it never goes. `latest` is `recordCount * recordDuration`, so a header stating a\n    record duration near the top of a double overflows it while every sample time under it\n    stays finite and prints in full. Three records of 1e308, eight samples:\n\n        Would write 8 rows, roughly 115 B.        signals.csv is 2,244 bytes.\n\n    Each of those rows carries a 313-character time cell. `fixed` writes an empty cell for a\n    value that is itself non-finite, so nothing wider than this is ever printed.\n  */\n  if (!Number.isFinite(size)) return sign + MAX_DOUBLE_DIGITS + fraction;\n  if (size < 1e21) return sign + size.toFixed(Math.min(decimals, 100)).length;\n  return sign + (Math.floor(Math.log10(size)) + 1) + fraction;\n}\n\n/**\n * Raised when the conversion had signal tables to fill and put no data rows in any of them.\n *\n * A window can land where there are no samples without being past the end of the recording:\n * between the last sample and the nominal end of the last record, or — on a discontinuous\n * file — inside a gap. `--start 2 --end 10` on a recording whose records sit at 0s, 1s and\n * 10s asks for eight seconds that contain no data at all.\n *\n * What came out was a signals.csv holding its header and nothing else, exit 0, no warning,\n * and `--strict` passing. The closing summary does say \"signals.csv 0 rows\" and --json\n * carries `rows: 0`, so it was not quite invisible — but a header-only file is exactly what\n * a successful extraction of an empty range looks like, and everywhere else that a request\n * produces nothing this tool says so: a --channels term matching nothing is an error, and\n * --annotations-only on a file with no events raises NO_ANNOTATIONS. A warning rather than\n * an error because a batch of five hundred recordings should not stop for one whose gap\n * happens to line up with the window; --strict turns it into a failure for those who want\n * that.\n */\nfunction emptyWindow(range: ResolvedRange, recordCount: number): Diagnostic {\n  const asked = !range.isWholeRecording;\n  return {\n    code: 'EMPTY_WINDOW',\n    severity: 'warning',\n    message: asked\n      ? `No samples fall inside the requested window (${fixed(range.startSeconds, 3)}s to ` +\n        `${fixed(range.endSeconds, 3)}s), so the signal files hold their headers and no data.`\n      : `This recording's ${recordCount} data records carry no samples in range, so the ` +\n        `signal files hold their headers and no data.`,\n    hint: asked\n      ? /*\n          Which of the two it was, rather than the second one always.\n\n          A recording does not have to start at zero: its first record's timekeeping TAL is\n          what it is timed from, so a file whose records begin at 1000s is asked for with\n          `--start 1000`. `--start 0 --end 1` on that file was told \"The window is inside the\n          recording but lands where there is no data — past the last sample, or inside a gap\n          in a discontinuous file\", when the window sits entirely before the recording and\n          neither offered explanation applies to it. A start at or past the *end* is already\n          an error, so the window being outside can only mean it is before the beginning.\n        */\n        range.endSeconds <= range.recordingStartSeconds\n        ? `This recording starts at ${fixed(range.recordingStartSeconds, 3)}s, so the whole ` +\n          'window sits before it. --start and --end are read on the recording\\'s own clock, ' +\n          'which --info prints as \"Timed from\".'\n        : 'The window is inside the recording but lands where there is no data — past the ' +\n          'last sample, or inside a gap in a discontinuous file. Run with --info to see where ' +\n          'the records actually sit.'\n      : 'Run with --info to see what the header declares.',\n  };\n}\n\nfunction estimateOutput(\n  groups: readonly RateGroup[],\n  range: ResolvedRange,\n  recordDuration: number,\n  recordStarts: Float64Array | null | undefined,\n  bom: boolean,\n  layout: 'wide' | 'long',\n): OutputEstimate {\n  let rows = 0;\n  let bytes = 0;\n  let exceeds = false;\n  // One table in the long layout, so the row limit applies to the sum rather than the\n  // largest group, and the header and mark are counted once rather than once per group.\n  let longRows = 0;\n\n  for (const group of groups) {\n    let groupRows = 0;\n    for (let record = range.startRecord; record < range.endRecord; record++) {\n      const recordStart = recordStarts\n        ? (recordStarts[record] ?? record * recordDuration)\n        : record * recordDuration;\n      groupRows += countSamplesInRange({\n        recordStart,\n        rate: group.rate,\n        samplesPerRecord: group.samplesPerRecord,\n        startSeconds: range.startSeconds,\n        endSeconds: range.endSeconds,\n      });\n    }\n    if (layout === 'long') {\n      // A row per sample per channel rather than a row per sample time.\n      const groupCells = groupRows * group.channels.length;\n      rows += groupCells;\n      longRows += groupCells;\n      /*\n        `time_s,channel,value`: the time, the channel name as it will be escaped into the\n        cell, and the widest the value can print. Same over-counting rule as the wide\n        layout — the declared physical range bounds a cell, and most samples sit under it.\n      */\n      const timeWidth = timeWidthFor(range, group.timeDecimals);\n      for (const channel of group.channels) {\n        const valueWidth = valueWidthOf(channel);\n        const nameWidth = Buffer.byteLength(escapeCsvField(channel.column));\n        // Two commas and the newline.\n        bytes += groupRows * (timeWidth + nameWidth + valueWidth + 3);\n      }\n      continue;\n    }\n\n    rows += groupRows;\n    if (groupRows + 1 > SPREADSHEET_ROW_LIMIT) exceeds = true;\n\n    /*\n      Width per cell, from the channel's own calibration rather than a flat allowance.\n\n      The old `decimals + 6` budgeted six characters for the sign, integer part and decimal\n      point on every channel, whatever it actually held. That over-counted a millivolt\n      channel spanning ±5 by four characters a cell and ran 30-55% high across the fixture\n      set — on a number people use to decide whether a conversion is worth starting.\n\n      The channel's declared physical range is what bounds a cell, so that bound is what is\n      used. Most samples sit below it, so this still reads high, which is the direction a\n      size estimate should err in.\n\n      One case is outside the bound rather than under it: nothing obliges a recording to keep\n      its samples inside the digital range it declares, and one that does not maps outside the\n      physical range too. Such a file can convert larger than the estimate. Clamping the data\n      to make the estimate true is not a trade worth making — the samples are what they are.\n    */\n    const timeWidth = timeWidthFor(range, group.timeDecimals);\n    const cellWidth = group.channels.reduce((sum, c) => sum + valueWidthOf(c), 0);\n    // One comma per channel, plus the newline.\n    bytes += groupRows * (timeWidth + cellWidth + group.channels.length + 1);\n    /*\n      The header row, measured as it will be written rather than as the labels are stored.\n\n      A column name is quoted when it contains a comma, a quote, a carriage return or a line\n      feed, and every quote inside it is doubled. Counting the raw label under-counted\n      that row: three channels labelled `a,b,c,d,e`, `x\"y` and `plain` write a 32-byte header\n      and were budgeted 27. EDF labels are free text, so commas in them are ordinary — a montage\n      written as `EEG Fpz-Cz, ref` is exactly the kind of thing this is for.\n\n      csvRow is the function that writes it, so it is the function that measures it. Nothing\n      else is in a position to stay correct when the quoting rules change.\n    */\n    bytes += Buffer.byteLength(csvRow(['time_s', ...group.channels.map((c) => c.column)])) + 1;\n    // Three bytes per file under --bom. Small, but exactly known — unlike the sample\n    // overshoot two paragraphs up, which is the one thing here that can read under what gets\n    // written and cannot be counted in advance. On a one-row conversion three bytes is a\n    // tenth of the file.\n    if (bom) bytes += BOM_BYTES;\n  }\n\n  if (layout === 'long' && groups.length > 0) {\n    if (longRows + 1 > SPREADSHEET_ROW_LIMIT) exceeds = true;\n    bytes += Buffer.byteLength(csvRow(['time_s', 'channel', 'value'])) + 1;\n    if (bom) bytes += BOM_BYTES;\n  }\n\n  return { rows, bytes, exceedsSpreadsheetLimit: exceeds };\n}\n"]}
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* Turning a request into a concrete conversion plan.\n *\n * The plan is where the tool's central promise is enforced: channels recorded at\n * different sampling rates are never merged into one table. A single wide CSV can\n * only hold mixed rates by inventing samples for the slow channels — MNE, for\n * instance, expands three genuine 1 Hz temperature readings into 768 interpolated\n * values without warning. Instead each distinct rate gets its own file, so every\n * number in every output file is a number that was actually recorded.\n */\n\nimport type { Diagnostic } from '../edf/errors.js';\nimport type { EdfSignal } from '../edf/header.js';\nimport { formatRate, formatRates } from '../edf/header.js';\nimport { decimalsAreClamped, decimalsForSignal, makeScaler } from '../edf/scale.js';\nimport { UTF8_BOM, csvRow, escapeCsvField } from '../format/csv.js';\nimport { counted, listed } from '../format/list.js';\nimport { fixed, timeDecimals } from '../format/number.js';\nimport { TIME_COLUMN, buildColumnNames, renamedByCollision, selectChannels } from './channels.js';\nimport { assertOptions } from './options.js';\nimport { countSamplesInRange, resolveRange } from './time-range.js';\nimport type { ResolvedRange } from './time-range.js';\n\nexport interface PlannedChannel {\n  signal: EdfSignal;\n  column: string;\n  decimals: number;\n}\n\nexport interface RateGroup {\n  /** Sampling rate in Hz shared by every channel in this group. */\n  rate: number;\n  samplesPerRecord: number;\n  fileName: string;\n  timeDecimals: number;\n  channels: PlannedChannel[];\n}\n\nexport interface PlanInput {\n  signals: readonly EdfSignal[];\n  recordDuration: number;\n  recordCount: number;\n  hasAnnotationChannel: boolean;\n  /**\n   * True start time of each data record, supplied for discontinuous files. The\n   * requested time window is resolved against these rather than against\n   * `recordCount * recordDuration`, which for a file with gaps is the amount of\n   * data rather than the span of time it covers.\n   */\n  recordStarts?: Float64Array | null | undefined;\n}\n\nexport interface PlanOptions {\n  channels?: readonly string[] | undefined;\n  start?: number | undefined;\n  /** The `--start` value exactly as typed, for error messages. */\n  startText?: string | undefined;\n  duration?: number | undefined;\n  end?: number | undefined;\n  /** The `--end` value exactly as typed, for error messages. */\n  endText?: string | undefined;\n  annotationsOnly?: boolean | undefined;\n  /** Force a fixed number of decimals instead of deriving it per channel. */\n  decimals?: number | undefined;\n  /** Compress each CSV with gzip, giving every one of them a `.gz` name. */\n  gzip?: boolean | undefined;\n  /** Start each CSV with a UTF-8 byte order mark, so Excel reads it as UTF-8. */\n  bom?: boolean | undefined;\n  /**\n   * How the samples are arranged in the CSV.\n   *\n   * `'wide'`, the default, gives one column per channel and one file per sampling rate.\n   * `'long'` gives one file, three columns — `time_s`, `channel`, `value` — and one row per\n   * sample. See ConversionPlan.layout for why that is the only way to put channels recorded\n   * at different rates in one table without inventing samples.\n   */\n  layout?: 'wide' | 'long' | undefined;\n}\n\nexport interface ConversionPlan {\n  groups: RateGroup[];\n  /**\n   * How the samples are arranged. `'wide'` is a column per channel and a file per rate;\n   * `'long'` is `time_s,channel,value`, one row per sample, all rates in one file.\n   *\n   * The wide layout has to split a mixed-rate recording across files: a 100 Hz channel and\n   * a 1 Hz channel share no rows, and putting them in one wide table means either 99 empty\n   * cells out of every hundred or inventing the samples that would fill them. In the long\n   * layout each sample carries its own time, so nothing has to line up and nothing is\n   * invented — which also makes it the one layout `--stdout` can stream for such a file.\n   */\n  layout: 'wide' | 'long';\n\n  /**\n   * Whether the CSVs will be compressed.\n   *\n   * Recorded rather than inferred from the group file names. Under `--annotations-only`\n   * there are no groups to read it off, and `--info` named `annotations.csv` for a run that\n   * wrote `annotations.csv.gz`.\n   */\n  gzip: boolean;\n  range: ResolvedRange;\n  columnNames: Map<number, string>;\n  writeSignals: boolean;\n  diagnostics: Diagnostic[];\n  estimate: OutputEstimate;\n}\n\nexport interface OutputEstimate {\n  /** Total data rows across every signal file. */\n  rows: number;\n  /**\n   * Approximate size of the signal CSVs as CSV text, which under `gzip` is not their size on\n   * disk: what is counted here is what the compressor is handed, and the file holds what it\n   * produces. `--info` writes \"before compression\" beside this number for that reason, and\n   * `infoJson` calls it a character count.\n   */\n  bytes: number;\n  /** True when any single file would exceed Excel's row limit. */\n  exceedsSpreadsheetLimit: boolean;\n}\n\nconst BOM_BYTES = Buffer.byteLength(UTF8_BOM);\n\n/** Excel and most spreadsheet tools stop at 1,048,576 rows including the header. */\nexport const SPREADSHEET_ROW_LIMIT = 1_048_576;\n\nexport function buildPlan(input: PlanInput, options: PlanOptions = {}): ConversionPlan {\n  // First, and before a directory is created or a stream opened, so a rejected option\n  // leaves nothing behind. See assertOptions for what used to get through.\n  assertOptions(options);\n\n  const diagnostics: Diagnostic[] = [];\n  const columnNames = buildColumnNames(input.signals);\n\n  // A channel whose own label was taken by something else in the header. Usually that is\n  // another channel's disambiguating suffix — the duplicate-label warning is about the labels\n  // that collided, this is about the channel that lost its name to them. The other way is a\n  // channel labelled `time_s`, where what took the name is the time column itself, which every\n  // signals.csv begins with and no file supplies.\n  /*\n    \"so its column is\" was a sentence about the wide layout, printed in both.\n\n    A long signals.csv has three columns — time_s, channel, value — and none of them is a\n    label: a channel appears there as a value in the `channel` column. So a `--layout long`\n    run was told that a column had been renamed to avoid colliding with a column neither of\n    them has, under a hint promising that \"column names are unique\" about a set of three\n    fixed strings the file never got from the header.\n\n    The rename is right in both layouts, which is why only the noun moves. The names have to\n    agree between the `channel` cells and channels.csv and across runs, and the `pivot` the\n    documentation gives for turning a long table back into a wide one would otherwise put a\n    `time_s` column against a `time_s` index — the collision one step later.\n  */\n  const inLongLayout = (options.layout ?? 'wide') === 'long';\n  for (const signal of renamedByCollision(input.signals, columnNames)) {\n    const taker =\n      signal.label === TIME_COLUMN\n        ? 'the name of the time column every signals.csv starts with'\n        : `also the column name another channel's \"_ch\" suffix produces`;\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'DUPLICATE_LABEL',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `Signal ${signal.index} is labelled \"${signal.label}\", which is ${taker}, ` +\n        `so ${inLongLayout ? 'it is named' : 'its column is'} \"${columnNames.get(signal.index)}\"` +\n        `${inLongLayout ? ' in the channel column' : ''}.`,\n      hint: inLongLayout\n        ? 'Channel names are unique; look this channel up in channels.csv by its signal_index.'\n        : 'Column names are unique; look this channel up in channels.csv by its signal_index.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  const range = resolveRange({\n    start: options.start,\n    startText: options.startText,\n    duration: options.duration,\n    end: options.end,\n    endText: options.endText,\n    recordDuration: input.recordDuration,\n    recordCount: input.recordCount,\n    recordStarts: input.recordStarts,\n  });\n\n  const writeSignals = options.annotationsOnly !== true;\n\n  let chosen: EdfSignal[] = input.signals.filter((s) => !s.isAnnotations);\n\n  /*\n    Channel names are checked even under --annotations-only, where the selection is not\n    otherwise used.\n\n    Skipping the check meant `--channels TYPO --annotations-only` exited 0 in silence while\n    the same typo without the flag was a usage error, and `--channels \"\"` stayed an error\n    in both — so a mistyped name was the one form of bad input the tool accepted quietly.\n    Everywhere else a term matching nothing is reported rather than ignored; a flag that\n    happens not to apply is a poor reason to make an exception.\n  */\n  if (options.channels && options.channels.length > 0) {\n    const selection = selectChannels(input.signals, options.channels);\n    if (writeSignals) chosen = selection.signals;\n    for (const { term, matched } of selection.ambiguous) {\n      diagnostics.push({\n        code: 'DUPLICATE_LABEL',\n        severity: 'warning',\n        message:\n          `\"${term}\" matches ${matched.length} channels (positions ` +\n          `${listed(matched.map((s) => `#${s.index}`))}); all of them were selected.`,\n        hint: `Use --channels \"#${matched[0]?.index ?? 0}\" to pick just one.`,\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  const layout = options.layout ?? 'wide';\n  const groups = writeSignals\n    ? groupByRate(chosen, columnNames, options.decimals, options.gzip === true, layout)\n    : [];\n  const estimate = estimateOutput(\n    groups,\n    range,\n    input.recordDuration,\n    input.recordStarts,\n    options.bom === true,\n    layout,\n  );\n\n  /*\n    The mixed-rate warning describes what this conversion does, not what the file holds.\n\n    The header parser raises its own, which is right for `parseHeader` — but it sees every\n    channel and knows nothing about `--channels`. Converting one channel out of a three-rate\n    recording therefore announced \"3 different sampling rates ... written to one file per\n    rate\" over a run that wrote one file, in the same output where `--info` had already\n    marked the other two \"(not selected)\". Selecting two of the three was wrong the other\n    way: still \"3\".\n\n    Callers combining these with a file's own diagnostics drop that copy in favour of this\n    one; see `withoutFileRateWarning`.\n  */\n  if (groups.length > 1) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'MIXED_SAMPLING_RATES',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `Channels use ${groups.length} different sampling rates ` +\n        `(${listed(formatRates(groups.map((g) => g.rate)).map((r) => `${r} Hz`))}).`,\n      hint:\n        layout === 'long'\n          ? 'They share one table, each row carrying its own time, so no channel is resampled.'\n          : 'They are written to one file per rate so no channel is resampled.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  /*\n    A time column that cannot tell two samples apart.\n\n    Sample times are written to at most fifteen decimal places, which separates everything a\n    terminating rate can reach — every power of two through 32768 Hz and far past it. Below\n    that interval the column repeats: at 3e15 Hz, whose reciprocal never terminates, the rows\n    of one record carry the same time_s, so joining or plotting on it silently collapses\n    samples that are genuinely distinct. Nothing is lost from the file — every sample is\n    there, in order — but the column stops being an identifier, and that is worth saying\n    rather than leaving to be discovered.\n\n    This said nine places and a gigahertz, and illustrated it with 1 ns records — all three of\n    which stopped being true when 0.4.55 raised the search bound. Fifteen places resolve\n    1e-15 s, so a nanosecond interval is written exactly and that recording raises nothing at\n    all. warnings-and-errors.md was corrected then and carries a note saying so; the comment\n    it was written from was not, and the hint printed four lines below here has said \"the\n    fifteen places a double can hold exactly\" ever since.\n  */\n  for (const group of groups) {\n    const step = group.rate > 0 ? 1 / group.rate : 0;\n    /*\n      The limit of the same failure, which read as the absence of it.\n\n      `samplesPerRecord / recordDuration` is a double, and a record duration of 1e-308 with\n      four samples in it is Infinity. `1 / Infinity` is 0, so `step > 0` was false and this\n      said nothing — while every sample was dropped, the run exited 0, and the only warning\n      printed was EMPTY_WINDOW's \"This recording's 2 data records carry no samples in range\",\n      which is untrue twice over: the records carry eight samples and no range was asked for.\n\n      One power of ten away, at 1e-300, the rate is 4e300 and the file converts with the\n      warning below. Same guard `decimalsAreClamped` had before 0.5.83, in the column next\n      door: a step of exactly zero means no resolution at all, not nothing to report.\n\n      Its own branch because the hint below is false here — no rows are written at all, so\n      \"Every sample is written, in order\" would be the third untrue sentence.\n    */\n    if (!Number.isFinite(group.rate)) {\n      diagnostics.push({\n        code: 'TIME_RESOLUTION',\n        severity: 'warning',\n        message:\n          `Channels in ${group.fileName} work out to a sampling rate of ${formatRate(group.rate)} Hz ` +\n          `— their samples per record over a record duration too small to divide into — so ` +\n          `their samples cannot be placed in time and no rows are written for them.`,\n        hint:\n          'Check the record duration in the header. One power of ten larger and the same ' +\n          'file converts, with consecutive rows carrying the same time_s.',\n      });\n    } else if (step > 0 && step < 10 ** -group.timeDecimals) {\n      diagnostics.push({\n        code: 'TIME_RESOLUTION',\n        severity: 'warning',\n        message:\n          `Channels at ${formatRate(group.rate)} Hz sample faster than the time column can ` +\n          `distinguish, so consecutive rows in ${group.fileName} carry the same time_s value.`,\n        /*\n          \"or convert one rate at a time with --channels\" was advice that does nothing.\n\n          It parses, it runs, it exits 0, and the warning comes back word for word — so\n          somebody who followed it had every reason to think the column had been fixed. In\n          the wide layout each rate already has its own file and its own precision, and\n          `timeDecimals` is a function of the rate alone, so a narrowed conversion writes the\n          same column it wrote before. In the long layout the shared column takes the finest\n          precision *in the conversion*, and dropping rates can only make it coarser — never\n          fine enough to separate samples that were already inseparable.\n\n          Nor is there another option that would: --decimals sets the value precision and\n          says so, and every rate that reaches this warning has already been given the\n          fifteen places that are the ceiling. The first sentence was the whole of the\n          answer, so it is the whole of the hint.\n        */\n        hint:\n          'Every sample is written, in order. Use the row number rather than time_s to tell ' +\n          'them apart: the column already carries the fifteen places a double can hold ' +\n          'exactly, so no option or selection separates them.',\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  /*\n    The same failure as TIME_RESOLUTION, one column over.\n\n    A channel whose quantization step is below 1e-98 needs more decimals than `toFixed` can\n    print, so consecutive digital codes round to the same text and the arithmetic the FAQ\n    gives for recovering them stops working. That used to happen at 1e-20 and silently — see\n    MAX_DERIVED_DECIMALS. It is rare now, but \"rare\" is the reason to say so rather than the\n    reason not to.\n\n    Asked of the ceiling, not of the precision in use, and so asked whatever `--decimals`\n    says. `--decimals 2` on a channel needing 3 is a trade the caller made knowingly, and\n    reporting it was reporting the flag back at the person who typed it — every channel of an\n    ordinary EEG raised this, and since --strict turns any diagnostic into exit 1,\n    `--decimals 2 --strict` could not succeed on any recording at all.\n\n    0.5.10 fixed that by skipping the check whenever `--decimals` was given, which suppressed\n    the real case along with the false one: at `--decimals 20` a channel stepping by 1e-106\n    printed every code it had as `0.00000000000000000000`, and said nothing. The question is\n    not who chose the precision. It is whether any precision the tool can print would\n    separate consecutive codes.\n  */\n  for (const group of groups) {\n    const short = group.channels.filter((c) => decimalsAreClamped(c.signal));\n    if (short.length === 0) continue;\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'VALUE_RESOLUTION',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `${listed(short.map((c) => c.column))} ${short.length === 1 ? 'steps' : 'step'} by less ` +\n        `than any number of decimals this can print, so some consecutive samples round to ` +\n        `the same value in ${group.fileName}.`,\n      hint:\n        'Every sample is written, in order, and the physical values are computed at full ' +\n        'precision either way. What is lost is only in the printed text.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  /*\n    A window that selects nothing is a fact about the plan, so the plan is where it is raised.\n\n    It was pushed by `convert()` from the rows actually written, which meant `--info` never\n    said it: `--info --start 0.31 --end 0.39` on a 10 Hz recording printed \"Would write 0\n    rows\" with no warning and exited 0 under `--strict`, while converting the same window\n    warned and exited 1. The hint says \"Run with --info to see where the records actually\n    sit\" — advising the reader into the one mode that would not tell them.\n\n    The estimate's row count is exact, which `npm run estimate` checks across every fixture\n    crossed with every option set, so raising it from the plan says the same thing the rows\n    would have.\n  */\n  /*\n    Not when a rate above already explained it. EMPTY_WINDOW says the records \"carry no\n    samples in range\", and on a recording whose rate overflowed to Infinity that is untrue\n    twice: the records carry their samples, and no range was asked for. The rate warning is\n    the accurate account of the same zero.\n  */\n  const untimeable = groups.some((group) => !Number.isFinite(group.rate));\n  if (writeSignals && groups.length > 0 && estimate.rows === 0 && !untimeable) {\n    diagnostics.push(emptyWindow(range, input.recordCount, groups.length));\n  }\n\n  if (estimate.exceedsSpreadsheetLimit) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'LARGE_OUTPUT',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `At least one output file will have more than ${SPREADSHEET_ROW_LIMIT.toLocaleString('en-US')} ` +\n        `rows, which is more than Excel or Numbers can open.`,\n      hint: 'Use --start and --duration to convert a section, or read the file with pandas or R.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  return { groups, layout, gzip: options.gzip === true, range, columnNames, writeSignals, diagnostics, estimate };\n}\n\n/**\n * Partition channels by sampling rate, largest first.\n *\n * The common case — every channel at one rate — collapses to a single group and a\n * single `signals.csv`, so the honest behaviour costs nothing when there is nothing\n * to be honest about.\n */\nfunction groupByRate(\n  signals: readonly EdfSignal[],\n  columnNames: Map<number, string>,\n  forcedDecimals: number | undefined,\n  gzip: boolean,\n  layout: 'wide' | 'long',\n): RateGroup[] {\n  const byRate = new Map<number, EdfSignal[]>();\n  for (const signal of signals) {\n    // A channel with no samples has no sampling rate to group by, and would\n    // otherwise produce an empty \"0hz\" file. The header parser already warned.\n    if (signal.samplesPerRecord === 0) continue;\n    const bucket = byRate.get(signal.samplingRate);\n    if (bucket) bucket.push(signal);\n    else byRate.set(signal.samplingRate, [signal]);\n  }\n\n  const rates = [...byRate.keys()].sort((a, b) => b - a);\n  // The long layout writes one table whatever the rates are, so every group names it.\n  const single = rates.length === 1 || layout === 'long';\n\n  /*\n    Two distinct rates can produce the same slug, because the slug rounds to six decimal\n    places. Rates come from samplesPerRecord / recordDuration and every channel shares the\n    record duration, so the closest two rates can be is 1 / recordDuration — which drops\n    below 1e-6 once a record is longer than about eleven days. Absurd, but the header\n    permits it, and the failure was silent and destructive: both groups opened a write\n    stream on the same path, so the file ended up holding interleaved rows from both\n    channels under a header naming only one of them.\n\n    Distinct rates therefore get distinct files, always. The suffix is only ever reached by\n    a collision, so ordinary recordings keep the names they have always had.\n\n    Naming from the whole set of rates at once removes most of those collisions before the\n    suffix has to. Rounding each rate on its own gave 1e-6 Hz and 1.25e-6 Hz the same slug,\n    and the numbering below then produced signals_0_000001hz.csv and signals_0_000001hz_2.csv\n    — two files that no longer overwrite each other, but of which only one is named for the\n    rate it holds. The suffix stays as the backstop for anything this still cannot separate.\n  */\n  const suffix = gzip ? '.csv.gz' : '.csv';\n  const slugs = formatRates(rates).map(slugFor);\n  const used = new Set<string>();\n  const uniqueName = (index: number): string => {\n    const base = `signals_${slugs[index]}`;\n    let name = `${base}${suffix}`;\n    for (let n = 2; used.has(name); n++) name = `${base}_${n}${suffix}`;\n    used.add(name);\n    return name;\n  };\n\n  return rates.map((rate, index) => {\n    const members = byRate.get(rate) ?? [];\n    const first = members[0];\n    return {\n      rate,\n      samplesPerRecord: first ? first.samplesPerRecord : 0,\n      fileName: single ? `signals${suffix}` : uniqueName(index),\n      /*\n        In the long layout every rate shares a `time_s` column, so they share its precision:\n        the finest any of them needs. Writing 100 Hz at three places and 256 Hz at eight in\n        the same column would make the column's meaning depend on the row.\n      */\n      timeDecimals: layout === 'long' ? Math.max(...rates.map(timeDecimals)) : timeDecimals(rate),\n      channels: members.map((signal) => ({\n        signal,\n        column: columnNames.get(signal.index) ?? `signal_${signal.index}`,\n        decimals: forcedDecimals ?? decimalsForSignal(signal),\n      })),\n    };\n  });\n}\n\n/**\n * A file's diagnostics with the header's mixed-rate warning removed.\n *\n * `buildPlan` raises that warning for the channels actually being converted, so keeping both\n * would either duplicate it or contradict it. The header parser's copy stays where it is, for\n * callers reading a header without planning a conversion.\n */\nexport function withoutFileRateWarning(diagnostics: readonly Diagnostic[]): Diagnostic[] {\n  return diagnostics.filter((d) => d.code !== 'MIXED_SAMPLING_RATES');\n}\n\n/** `256hz`, `12_5hz` — safe in a filename on every platform. */\nfunction slugFor(rendered: string): string {\n  return `${rendered.replace('.', '_')}hz`;\n}\n\n/**\n * One rate's slug, rendered on its own.\n *\n * The names a conversion writes come from `formatRates` over the whole set, which widens the\n * precision until rates that differ read as differing — so on a recording carrying both,\n * 1e-6 Hz and 1.25e-6 Hz are `0_000001hz` and `0_00000125hz`. This renders one rate with no\n * set to separate it from, and both of those come back `0_000001hz`.\n *\n * Which is right for the question it is asked, and was worth saying: a caller reaching for the\n * exported slug function to predict a filename got a name the tool does not write, on exactly\n * the rates the reference warns `formatRate` collapses. The two now spell a rendered rate the\n * same way, through the line above, so only the rendering differs and nothing can drift.\n */\nexport function rateSlug(rate: number): string {\n  return slugFor(formatRate(rate));\n}\n\n/**\n * Characters the time column occupies, measured over both ends of the window and signed.\n *\n * Both estimates measured the column against `range.endSeconds` alone, unsigned — while the\n * value column two lines below already allowed for a sign when either bound is negative. A\n * recording timed from before zero prints `-100.000` where that budgeted for `100.000`, so\n * every row came out a byte short: 203 predicted against 216 written, and 131 against 159 on\n * a shorter one. An estimate reading low is the one direction the correctness page says it\n * never goes — \"no byte count under the truth\" is what the estimate sweep asserts over every\n * fixture, and no fixture began before zero.\n *\n * The far end is not always the widest: from -100s to -97s it is the start.\n */\nfunction timeWidthFor(range: ResolvedRange, decimals: number): number {\n  return widthOf(\n    Math.max(Math.abs(range.startSeconds), Math.abs(range.endSeconds)),\n    decimals,\n    range.startSeconds < 0 || range.endSeconds < 0,\n  );\n}\n\n/**\n * How wide a value cell can print, from the channel's own calibration.\n *\n * Zero when that calibration holds no mapping — a digital range of one point, a physical span\n * that overflows or underflows a double — because such a channel writes an empty cell for\n * every sample rather than a number, which is the whole point of `makeScaler` returning NaN.\n *\n * Budgeting a full-width number for one broke the bound this estimate states beside never\n * reading low. A single-channel recording whose digital minimum equals its maximum, at\n * `--decimals 20`, was predicted at 651 bytes and wrote 151 — 4.31x, against a documented wall\n * of three. No fixture reaches it because `degenerate-range.edf` has two ordinary channels\n * beside its flat one, whose real cells pad the total back under the wall.\n *\n * Asked of `makeScaler` rather than restated here, for the reason `csvRow` measures the header\n * row: the function that decides whether a cell gets a number is the one that can still be\n * right when the rule changes. Both ends of the declared range are probed, so a calibration\n * that is finite anywhere keeps its full width and the estimate cannot start reading low.\n */\nfunction valueWidthOf(channel: PlannedChannel): number {\n  const scale = makeScaler(channel.signal);\n  const blank =\n    !Number.isFinite(scale(channel.signal.digitalMin)) &&\n    !Number.isFinite(scale(channel.signal.digitalMax));\n  if (blank) return 0;\n  return widthOf(\n    Math.max(Math.abs(channel.signal.physicalMin), Math.abs(channel.signal.physicalMax)),\n    channel.decimals,\n    channel.signal.physicalMin < 0 || channel.signal.physicalMax < 0,\n  );\n}\n\n/** Integer digits in `Number.MAX_VALUE`, which is the widest a finite double prints. */\nconst MAX_DOUBLE_DIGITS = 309;\n\n/** Characters a fixed-decimal number of this magnitude occupies, sign included. */\nfunction widthOf(magnitude: number, decimals: number, signed = false): number {\n  const size = Math.abs(magnitude);\n  const sign = signed ? 1 : 0;\n  const fraction = decimals > 0 ? 1 + decimals : 0;\n\n  /*\n    Cells are written with toFixed, which rounds. Taking the integer digits from the floor of\n    the bound therefore under-counted whenever rounding carried into a new digit: a channel\n    bounded at 9999.999 and written to zero decimals produces \"10000\", five characters where\n    the floor of 9999.999 suggests four. Every cell on such a channel was a byte short, and\n    `--info` reported 127 KB for a file that came out 131 KB.\n\n    Measuring the bound as rendered removes that. toFixed switches to exponential notation\n    past 1e21, so the arithmetic form still covers magnitudes beyond it.\n  */\n  /*\n    A bound that is not a number bounds nothing, so the widest cell it can produce is taken\n    instead: 309 digits, which is `Number.MAX_VALUE` written out.\n\n    One digit was budgeted, and the estimate read low — the one direction the correctness page\n    says it never goes. `latest` is `recordCount * recordDuration`, so a header stating a\n    record duration near the top of a double overflows it while every sample time under it\n    stays finite and prints in full. Three records of 1e308, eight samples:\n\n        Would write 8 rows, roughly 115 B.        signals.csv is 2,244 bytes.\n\n    Each of those rows carries a 313-character time cell. `fixed` writes an empty cell for a\n    value that is itself non-finite, so nothing wider than this is ever printed.\n  */\n  if (!Number.isFinite(size)) return sign + MAX_DOUBLE_DIGITS + fraction;\n  if (size < 1e21) return sign + size.toFixed(Math.min(decimals, 100)).length;\n  return sign + (Math.floor(Math.log10(size)) + 1) + fraction;\n}\n\n/**\n * Raised when the conversion had signal tables to fill and put no data rows in any of them.\n *\n * A window can land where there are no samples without being past the end of the recording:\n * between the last sample and the nominal end of the last record, or — on a discontinuous\n * file — inside a gap. `--start 2 --end 10` on a recording whose records sit at 0s, 1s and\n * 10s asks for eight seconds that contain no data at all.\n *\n * What came out was a signals.csv holding its header and nothing else, exit 0, no warning,\n * and `--strict` passing. The closing summary does say \"signals.csv 0 rows\" and --json\n * carries `rows: 0`, so it was not quite invisible — but a header-only file is exactly what\n * a successful extraction of an empty range looks like, and everywhere else that a request\n * produces nothing this tool says so: a --channels term matching nothing is an error, and\n * --annotations-only on a file with no events raises NO_ANNOTATIONS. A warning rather than\n * an error because a batch of five hundred recordings should not stop for one whose gap\n * happens to line up with the window; --strict turns it into a failure for those who want\n * that.\n */\nfunction emptyWindow(range: ResolvedRange, recordCount: number, fileCount: number): Diagnostic {\n  const asked = !range.isWholeRecording;\n  /*\n    One rate is one file, which is nearly every recording, and this said \"files\" either way:\n    \"so the signal files hold their headers and no data\" over a single signals.csv. The count\n    is `plan.groups.length` and the caller has had it all along — it is the same number the\n    mixed-rate warning three functions up counts to decide whether to fire at all.\n  */\n  const tables =\n    fileCount === 1\n      ? 'the signal file holds its header and no data'\n      : 'the signal files hold their headers and no data';\n  return {\n    code: 'EMPTY_WINDOW',\n    severity: 'warning',\n    message: asked\n      ? `No samples fall inside the requested window (${fixed(range.startSeconds, 3)}s to ` +\n        `${fixed(range.endSeconds, 3)}s), so ${tables}.`\n      : `This recording's ${counted(recordCount, 'data record')} carry no samples in range, ` +\n        `so ${tables}.`,\n    hint: asked\n      ? /*\n          Which of the two it was, rather than the second one always.\n\n          A recording does not have to start at zero: its first record's timekeeping TAL is\n          what it is timed from, so a file whose records begin at 1000s is asked for with\n          `--start 1000`. `--start 0 --end 1` on that file was told \"The window is inside the\n          recording but lands where there is no data — past the last sample, or inside a gap\n          in a discontinuous file\", when the window sits entirely before the recording and\n          neither offered explanation applies to it. A start at or past the *end* is already\n          an error, so the window being outside can only mean it is before the beginning.\n        */\n        range.endSeconds <= range.recordingStartSeconds\n        ? `This recording starts at ${fixed(range.recordingStartSeconds, 3)}s, so the whole ` +\n          'window sits before it. --start and --end are read on the recording\\'s own clock, ' +\n          'which --info prints as \"Timed from\".'\n        : 'The window is inside the recording but lands where there is no data — past the ' +\n          'last sample, or inside a gap in a discontinuous file. Run with --info to see where ' +\n          'the records actually sit.'\n      : 'Run with --info to see what the header declares.',\n  };\n}\n\nfunction estimateOutput(\n  groups: readonly RateGroup[],\n  range: ResolvedRange,\n  recordDuration: number,\n  recordStarts: Float64Array | null | undefined,\n  bom: boolean,\n  layout: 'wide' | 'long',\n): OutputEstimate {\n  let rows = 0;\n  let bytes = 0;\n  let exceeds = false;\n  // One table in the long layout, so the row limit applies to the sum rather than the\n  // largest group, and the header and mark are counted once rather than once per group.\n  let longRows = 0;\n\n  for (const group of groups) {\n    let groupRows = 0;\n    for (let record = range.startRecord; record < range.endRecord; record++) {\n      const recordStart = recordStarts\n        ? (recordStarts[record] ?? record * recordDuration)\n        : record * recordDuration;\n      groupRows += countSamplesInRange({\n        recordStart,\n        rate: group.rate,\n        samplesPerRecord: group.samplesPerRecord,\n        startSeconds: range.startSeconds,\n        endSeconds: range.endSeconds,\n      });\n    }\n    if (layout === 'long') {\n      // A row per sample per channel rather than a row per sample time.\n      const groupCells = groupRows * group.channels.length;\n      rows += groupCells;\n      longRows += groupCells;\n      /*\n        `time_s,channel,value`: the time, the channel name as it will be escaped into the\n        cell, and the widest the value can print. Same over-counting rule as the wide\n        layout — the declared physical range bounds a cell, and most samples sit under it.\n      */\n      const timeWidth = timeWidthFor(range, group.timeDecimals);\n      for (const channel of group.channels) {\n        const valueWidth = valueWidthOf(channel);\n        const nameWidth = Buffer.byteLength(escapeCsvField(channel.column));\n        // Two commas and the newline.\n        bytes += groupRows * (timeWidth + nameWidth + valueWidth + 3);\n      }\n      continue;\n    }\n\n    rows += groupRows;\n    if (groupRows + 1 > SPREADSHEET_ROW_LIMIT) exceeds = true;\n\n    /*\n      Width per cell, from the channel's own calibration rather than a flat allowance.\n\n      The old `decimals + 6` budgeted six characters for the sign, integer part and decimal\n      point on every channel, whatever it actually held. That over-counted a millivolt\n      channel spanning ±5 by four characters a cell and ran 30-55% high across the fixture\n      set — on a number people use to decide whether a conversion is worth starting.\n\n      The channel's declared physical range is what bounds a cell, so that bound is what is\n      used. Most samples sit below it, so this still reads high, which is the direction a\n      size estimate should err in.\n\n      One case is outside the bound rather than under it: nothing obliges a recording to keep\n      its samples inside the digital range it declares, and one that does not maps outside the\n      physical range too. Such a file can convert larger than the estimate. Clamping the data\n      to make the estimate true is not a trade worth making — the samples are what they are.\n    */\n    const timeWidth = timeWidthFor(range, group.timeDecimals);\n    const cellWidth = group.channels.reduce((sum, c) => sum + valueWidthOf(c), 0);\n    // One comma per channel, plus the newline.\n    bytes += groupRows * (timeWidth + cellWidth + group.channels.length + 1);\n    /*\n      The header row, measured as it will be written rather than as the labels are stored.\n\n      A column name is quoted when it contains a comma, a quote, a carriage return or a line\n      feed, and every quote inside it is doubled. Counting the raw label under-counted\n      that row: three channels labelled `a,b,c,d,e`, `x\"y` and `plain` write a 32-byte header\n      and were budgeted 27. EDF labels are free text, so commas in them are ordinary — a montage\n      written as `EEG Fpz-Cz, ref` is exactly the kind of thing this is for.\n\n      csvRow is the function that writes it, so it is the function that measures it. Nothing\n      else is in a position to stay correct when the quoting rules change.\n    */\n    bytes += Buffer.byteLength(csvRow(['time_s', ...group.channels.map((c) => c.column)])) + 1;\n    // Three bytes per file under --bom. Small, but exactly known — unlike the sample\n    // overshoot two paragraphs up, which is the one thing here that can read under what gets\n    // written and cannot be counted in advance. On a one-row conversion three bytes is a\n    // tenth of the file.\n    if (bom) bytes += BOM_BYTES;\n  }\n\n  if (layout === 'long' && groups.length > 0) {\n    if (longRows + 1 > SPREADSHEET_ROW_LIMIT) exceeds = true;\n    bytes += Buffer.byteLength(csvRow(['time_s', 'channel', 'value'])) + 1;\n    if (bom) bytes += BOM_BYTES;\n  }\n\n  return { rows, bytes, exceedsSpreadsheetLimit: exceeds };\n}\n"]}

package/dist/convert/time-range.js

@@ -463,10 +463,21 @@ function span(recordStarts, recordCount, recordDuration) {
 function selectRecords(options, startSeconds, endSeconds) {
     const starts = options.recordStarts;
     if (!starts || starts.length === 0) {
-        return {
-            startRecord: Math.max(0, Math.floor(startSeconds / options.recordDuration)),
-            endRecord: Math.min(options.recordCount, Math.ceil(endSeconds / options.recordDuration)),
-        };
+        /*
+          An empty range is `[0, 0]` here as it is below, rather than whatever the arithmetic
+          produced. Each bound was clamped on one side only — the start up to zero, the end down
+          to the record count — so a window lying entirely before the recording came back as
+          `records_converted: [0, -1]` in metadata.json, over a `endRecord` documented as "one
+          past the last data record touching the window". A script differencing the pair read
+          minus one record converted, and `ConversionProgress.recordsTotal` reported the same.
+    
+          The discontinuous branch below has always answered `[0, 0]` for exactly this request,
+          so the two halves of one function disagreed about how to say "none": the same window on
+          `annotations.edf` and on `discontinuous.edf` gave `[0, -1]` and `[0, 0]`.
+        */
+        const first = Math.max(0, Math.floor(startSeconds / options.recordDuration));
+        const last = Math.min(options.recordCount, Math.ceil(endSeconds / options.recordDuration));
+        return first < last ? { startRecord: first, endRecord: last } : { startRecord: 0, endRecord: 0 };
     }
     let first = options.recordCount;
     let last = 0;

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* Parsing for the time-range options.\n *\n * Researchers write offsets in whatever form is natural for the recording in front\n * of them: seconds for a short ECG strip, `30m` into a sleep study, `01:23:45` when\n * reading off a clock. All three are accepted; anything ambiguous is rejected with\n * a message that shows the forms that work.\n */\n\nimport { fixed, formatDuration } from '../format/number.js';\nimport { assertOptions } from './options.js';\n\nexport class TimeRangeError extends Error {\n  constructor(message: string) {\n    super(message);\n    this.name = 'TimeRangeError';\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Every spelling of a unit this accepts, and what one of it is worth in seconds.\n *\n * Exported so the spellings can be enumerated by a test rather than listed a second time:\n * twelve of these sixteen are named nowhere in the tool or its documentation, and none of\n * their values was checked by anything. `hrs: 360` would have converted `--start 2hrs` from\n * twelve minutes in and said nothing, which is the one kind of mistake a window may not make.\n */\nexport const UNIT_SECONDS: Record<string, number> = {\n  h: 3600,\n  hr: 3600,\n  hrs: 3600,\n  hour: 3600,\n  hours: 3600,\n  m: 60,\n  min: 60,\n  mins: 60,\n  minute: 60,\n  minutes: 60,\n  s: 1,\n  sec: 1,\n  secs: 1,\n  second: 1,\n  seconds: 1,\n  ms: 0.001,\n};\n\nconst CLOCK = /^(?:(\\d+):)?(\\d{1,2}):(\\d{1,2}(?:\\.\\d+)?)$/u;\nconst UNIT_TOKEN = /(\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?)\\s*([a-z]+)/giu;\n\n/** How the value reads in a refusal: numbers bare, everything else quoted so its type shows. */\nfunction describeValue(value: unknown): string {\n  return typeof value === 'number' ? String(value) : JSON.stringify(value) ?? String(value);\n}\n\n/**\n * Parse a duration or offset into seconds.\n *\n * Accepted: `90`, `90s`, `5m`, `1h30m`, `1h 30m 15s`, `00:30:00`, `30:00`, `250ms`.\n *\n * `allowNegative` is for the two options that name a position rather than a length.\n *\n * A recording is timed from its first record's timekeeping annotation, and nothing obliges that\n * to sit at or after zero: a file whose records run from -100 s to -97 s is one this tool reads,\n * times from -100, and describes with\n *\n *     Timed from -100.000s  (first sample; --start and --end use this clock)\n *\n * That line says the number can be typed straight back in, and it could not be. Every offset\n * such a recording has came back as \"not a time I understand\", so its whole clock was\n * unreachable and no window of it could be converted at all — the one file shape where a\n * window is refused for naming a moment the recording actually contains.\n *\n * A length below zero is still a different thing, and `--duration` still refuses one.\n */\nexport function parseTimeSpec(input: string, optionName: string, allowNegative = false): number {\n  /*\n    Text, because this is the function the API page points other people's users at: \"Use\n    `parseTimeSpec` if you want to accept those forms from your own users.\"\n\n    A value arriving from a JSON config or a form field is a number as often as a string, and\n    `{ \"start\": 30 }` came back as `TypeError: input.trim is not a function` — a variable name\n    from inside this file, thrown past a caller who had done exactly what the page told them\n    to. Every other refusal here is a TimeRangeError quoting the value and the option. The\n    number is not coerced, for the reason `channels: 'ECG'` is not iterated: a shape that\n    happens to work for 30 also swallows NaN, and the CLI already writes `String(raw)`.\n  */\n  if (typeof input !== 'string') {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${optionName} must be given as text, not ${describeValue(input)}. ` +\n        `Seconds are written \"30\", and the other forms are \"30s\", \"5m\", \"1h30m\", \"00:30:00\".`,\n    );\n  }\n  const trimmed = input.trim().toLowerCase();\n  if (trimmed === '') {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(`${optionName} is empty. Try a value like 30s, 5m, or 00:30:00.`);\n  }\n\n  /*\n    The sign is read off the front and applied to the whole value, so `-1h30m` is an hour and a\n    half before the origin rather than an hour before it and half an hour after.\n\n    Nothing may sit between the sign and the number, and a leading `+` is still refused: every\n    other number this tool takes is refused when written in a form nobody types, and `+5` is\n    exactly what `--decimals` and `--jobs` reject one flag over.\n  */\n  const negative = trimmed.startsWith('-');\n  const text = negative ? trimmed.slice(1) : trimmed;\n\n  /*\n    A leading plus, named as such.\n\n    Refusing it is deliberate — see the paragraph above — but it came back as \"is not a time I\n    understand. Try 30s, 5m, 1h30m, 00:30:00, or a plain number of seconds\", which is the\n    message for input that could not be read at all. Every part of `+5s` was read: the number\n    parsed, the unit was looked up and found. The one thing wrong with it is a character the\n    reader put there on purpose, and they were sent to re-check their unit spellings with `5m`\n    sitting in the list of suggestions, differing from what they typed by the sign they cannot\n    see is the problem. 0.7.102 made this argument about a space; this is the same sentence\n    about the other character that reaches it. `--decimals` and `--jobs` both quote the value\n    back and say what is wrong with it.\n\n    Every plus, not the first one, and the leftover space with it — the same rule the spaced\n    refusal below applies to spaces, for the same reason: a hint whose command this function\n    refuses is worse than no hint. `+1h+30m` was answered with `1h+30m`, which comes straight\n    back as \"is not a time I understand\", and `+ 5s` with a value that opened on a space.\n  */\n  if (text.startsWith('+')) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${optionName} \"${input}\" begins with a plus. Write the number on its own: ` +\n        `${input.trim().replaceAll('+', '').trim()}`,\n    );\n  }\n  const signed = (seconds: number): number =>\n    assertFinite(negative ? -seconds : seconds, optionName, input, allowNegative);\n\n  // Bare number means seconds.\n  if (/^\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?$/u.test(text)) return signed(Number(text));\n\n  // Clock form: hh:mm:ss or mm:ss.\n  const clock = CLOCK.exec(text);\n  if (clock) {\n    const hours = clock[1] === undefined ? 0 : Number(clock[1]);\n    const minutes = Number(clock[2]);\n    const seconds = Number(clock[3]);\n    if (minutes >= 60 || seconds >= 60) {\n      throw new TimeRangeError(\n        `${optionName} \"${input}\" has a minutes or seconds field of 60 or more.`,\n      );\n    }\n    return signed(hours * 3600 + minutes * 60 + seconds);\n  }\n\n  // Unit form: 1h30m, 1h30m 15s, 250ms. A number sits directly against its unit; see below.\n  UNIT_TOKEN.lastIndex = 0;\n  let total = 0;\n  let matched = 0;\n  let consumed = 0;\n  /** Whether any token had a space between its number and its unit. See the refusal below. */\n  let spaced = false;\n  let match: RegExpExecArray | null;\n  // Which units have already been seen, so a repeat can be rejected rather than added.\n  const seen = new Set<number>();\n  while ((match = UNIT_TOKEN.exec(text)) !== null) {\n    const amount = Number(match[1]);\n    const unit = match[2] ?? '';\n    const scale = UNIT_SECONDS[unit];\n    if (scale === undefined) {\n      throw new TimeRangeError(\n        `${optionName} \"${input}\" uses an unknown unit \"${unit}\". Use h, m, s or ms, ` +\n          `or their long forms: hours, minutes, seconds.`,\n      );\n    }\n\n    // \"1h1h\" is a typo, not a request for two hours. Summing repeated units silently\n    // turned a slip into a plausible window that was quietly the wrong length. Units are\n    // keyed by their scale so the aliases collapse together: \"1h30min20m\" is caught too.\n    if (seen.has(scale)) {\n      throw new TimeRangeError(\n        `${optionName} \"${input}\" gives the same unit twice. ` +\n          `Combine each unit once, as in 1h30m.`,\n      );\n    }\n    seen.add(scale);\n\n    total += amount * scale;\n    matched++;\n    // Counted with the whitespace taken out, so the comparison below is against the same\n    // string on both sides and a space inside a token reaches the refusal written for it\n    // rather than the one about input that could not be read at all.\n    consumed += match[0].replace(/\\s+/gu, '').length;\n    if (/\\s/u.test(match[0])) spaced = true;\n  }\n\n  // Reject partially-understood input like \"5x\" or \"1h banana\".\n  if (matched === 0 || consumed !== text.replace(/\\s+/gu, '').length) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${optionName} \"${input}\" is not a time I understand. ` +\n        `Try 30s, 5m, 1h30m, 00:30:00, or a plain number of seconds.`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  /*\n    A space between a number and its unit, named as such.\n\n    `5 min` is refused on purpose — cli-reference sets the rule out, and it is what keeps\n    `1 2h` from being read as anything — but it came back as \"is not a time I understand. Try\n    30s, 5m, 1h30m, 00:30:00, or a plain number of seconds\", which is the message for input\n    that could not be read at all. Every part of `5 min` was read: the number parsed, the unit\n    was looked up in the table and found. The one thing wrong with it is a space, and the\n    reader was sent to re-check their unit spellings instead — with `5m` sitting in the list of\n    suggestions, differing from what they typed by a character they cannot see is the problem.\n\n    Only reachable now that the count above ignores whitespace; before, the length check caught\n    these first and there was nothing left to tell them apart by.\n  */\n  if (spaced) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${optionName} \"${input}\" puts a space between a number and its unit. ` +\n        `Write them together: ${input.trim().replace(/(\\d)\\s+([a-z])/giu, '$1$2')}`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  return signed(total);\n}\n\nfunction assertFinite(\n  value: number,\n  optionName: string,\n  input: string,\n  allowNegative: boolean,\n): number {\n  /*\n    Overflow answers for itself, rather than borrowing the sentence about signs.\n\n    One branch covered two rejections. `--start` with four hundred nines is a positive value\n    that `Number` returns as `Infinity`, and the answer was `is not a valid non-negative\n    time` — which names the one thing about it that is not the problem. Worse on the two\n    options this is called with `allowNegative` for: `--start` and `--end` take a sign on\n    purpose, since a recording timed from before zero has no other way to be addressed, so\n    \"non-negative\" is not their rule at all and overflow is the only way they reach here.\n  */\n  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${optionName} \"${input}\" is further from zero than a number of seconds can hold.`,\n    );\n  }\n  if (!allowNegative && value < 0) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(`${optionName} \"${input}\" is not a valid non-negative time.`);\n  }\n  return value;\n}\n\nexport interface ResolvedRange {\n  /** Inclusive start, in seconds from the beginning of the recording. */\n  startSeconds: number;\n  /** Exclusive end, in seconds. */\n  endSeconds: number;\n  /** First data record touching the window. */\n  startRecord: number;\n  /** One past the last data record touching the window. */\n  endRecord: number;\n  /** True when the window covers the whole recording. */\n  isWholeRecording: boolean;\n  /** Earliest record start, including EDF+D timing gaps. */\n  recordingStartSeconds: number;\n  /** End of the latest record, including EDF+D timing gaps. */\n  recordingEndSeconds: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * Slack for comparisons at sample/window boundaries.\n *\n * A nanosecond is far below any real sampling interval — 20 kHz is 50 microseconds — so it\n * absorbs the arithmetic error in `recordStart + sample / rate` without reaching a\n * neighbouring sample.\n */\nexport const BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE = 1e-9;\n\n/**\n * The slack to use for a channel sampled this often.\n *\n * Never as much as half a sample interval, because slack that reaches the next sample stops\n * being slack. A fixed nanosecond was applied whatever the rate, and the format does not\n * oblige the interval to be larger than it: EDF's record duration is an 8-character field\n * that accepts `1e-9`. A recording of two 1 ns records holding ten samples each wrote ten of\n * its twenty rows — the window ends at 2e-9, the comparison asked for `time < 2e-9 - 1e-9`,\n * and the entire second record failed it. Exit 0, no warning, half the samples gone.\n */\nexport function toleranceFor(rate: number): number {\n  if (!(rate > 0) || !Number.isFinite(rate)) return BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE;\n  return Math.min(BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE, 1 / rate / 2);\n}\n\n/** Match the exact half-open boundary rules used while writing signal rows. */\nexport function sampleTimeIsInRange(\n  time: number,\n  startSeconds: number,\n  endSeconds: number,\n  tolerance: number = BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE,\n): boolean {\n  return time >= startSeconds - tolerance && time < endSeconds - tolerance;\n}\n\n/** Count samples from one record that fall inside a half-open requested window. */\nexport function countSamplesInRange(options: {\n  recordStart: number;\n  rate: number;\n  samplesPerRecord: number;\n  startSeconds: number;\n  endSeconds: number;\n}): number {\n  /*\n    A record with no place on the clock contributes no rows, which is what the conversion\n    already does with one: its sample times are non-finite, so every one of them fails the\n    range test and none is written. The arithmetic below reached `Infinity - Infinity` and\n    answered `NaN`, which `--info` then printed — \"Would write NaN rows, roughly NaN B.\" on a\n    recording that goes on to write eight. Reachable from a header: a record duration of 1e308\n    is five characters in an eight-character field, and the third record of one is past what a\n    double can hold.\n  */\n  if (!Number.isFinite(options.recordStart)) return 0;\n  const slack = toleranceFor(options.rate);\n  const lower = Math.ceil(\n    (options.startSeconds - slack - options.recordStart) * options.rate,\n  );\n  const upper = Math.ceil(\n    (options.endSeconds - slack - options.recordStart) * options.rate,\n  );\n  const first = Math.max(0, Math.min(options.samplesPerRecord, lower));\n  const last = Math.max(0, Math.min(options.samplesPerRecord, upper));\n  return Math.max(0, last - first);\n}\n\n/**\n * Whether two instants differ only by the arithmetic that produced them.\n *\n * A relative epsilon, because the gap between doubles grows with magnitude — the same shape\n * the long layout uses to decide two sample times are one instant. Well below any real sample\n * interval, and well above the rounding that two routes to one quantity produce: a recording's\n * length is `recordCount * recordDuration`, which for 6003 records of 0.1s is not the 600.3 it\n * prints as.\n */\nfunction sameInstant(a: number, b: number): boolean {\n  /*\n    A relative tolerance has nothing to be relative to at infinity.\n\n    `Math.abs(a - Infinity)` is Infinity, and so is the allowance beside it, so\n    `Infinity <= Infinity` made every instant the same instant as an infinite one. A\n    recording whose end overflows a double — three records of 1e308 seconds, which an\n    8-character record-duration field can state and a timekeeping TAL can place — was\n    therefore refused the window nobody asked for:\n\n        $ edf2csv rec.edf --info\n        error: --start 0s is at or past the end of this unknown recording.\n\n    Exit 2 for a file, naming a flag the command did not carry, quoting a length that is\n    `formatDuration`'s word for a number it will not print. `--info` is the one command that\n    would have explained the file and it is the one that could not run.\n\n    Finite or equal, which is the only reading that means anything: two infinities are the\n    same non-instant, and a real offset is not one of them.\n  */\n  if (!Number.isFinite(a) || !Number.isFinite(b)) return a === b;\n  return Math.abs(a - b) <= Math.max(Math.abs(a), Math.abs(b)) * 1e-12;\n}\n\n/**\n * Turn a requested window into both an exact time span and the record range that\n * contains it. Records are the unit the file can be read in; the exact span is what\n * decides which samples inside those records are actually written.\n */\nexport function resolveRange(options: {\n  start?: number | undefined;\n  /** The `--start` value exactly as typed, quoted back in the past-the-end error. */\n  startText?: string | undefined;\n  duration?: number | undefined;\n  end?: number | undefined;\n  /** The `--end` value exactly as typed, quoted back in the window error. */\n  endText?: string | undefined;\n  recordDuration: number;\n  recordCount: number;\n  /**\n   * True start time of each data record, for discontinuous files. When absent,\n   * records are assumed to sit end to end.\n   */\n  recordStarts?: Float64Array | null | undefined;\n}): ResolvedRange {\n  /*\n    The same check `buildPlan` makes, made here too, because this is exported on its own.\n\n    `assertOptions` sits at the top of `buildPlan`, so `convert` was covered and the function\n    underneath it was not — and this one has its own signature block on the API page.\n    `resolveRange({ start: NaN, ... })` resolved: no error, no warning, and a range read back\n    as `startSeconds: null, startRecord: null`, which is the \"takes the whole recording\n    without saying so\" that comment names. `{ end: '2' }` was coerced by the arithmetic and\n    accepted; `{ start: '30' }` reached the past-the-end error and printed it with the value\n    missing — `--start s is at or past the end of this 3s recording`.\n  */\n  assertOptions({ start: options.start, duration: options.duration, end: options.end });\n\n  // For a continuous file the recording spans recordCount * recordDuration. A\n  // discontinuous one does not: a 10-second recording with a 95-second gap in the\n  // middle still ends at 105 seconds. Deriving the span from the records' real\n  // positions is what stops a requested window from being clipped back to the\n  // amount of *data* in the file and silently discarding everything past it.\n  const { earliest, latest } = span(options.recordStarts, options.recordCount, options.recordDuration);\n\n  if (options.duration !== undefined && options.end !== undefined) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError('Use either --duration or --end, not both.');\n  }\n\n  const startSeconds = options.start ?? earliest;\n\n  let endSeconds: number;\n  if (options.duration !== undefined) endSeconds = startSeconds + options.duration;\n  else if (options.end !== undefined) endSeconds = options.end;\n  else endSeconds = latest;\n\n  /*\n    At the end, allowing for the arithmetic that produced the end.\n\n    `latest` is `recordCount * recordDuration`, and with a fractional duration that is not the\n    number it prints as: 6003 records of 0.1s is 600.3000000000001, not 600.3. So `--start\n    600.3` on a recording `--info` calls \"10m 0.3s\" was accepted by a hair, converted nothing,\n    and exited 0 with a signals.csv holding its header — which is the empty conversion this\n    error exists to prevent, and which the same command on a whole-second recording is refused\n    for.\n\n    A relative epsilon, the same shape the long layout uses to decide two sample times are one\n    instant: well below any real interval, and well above the rounding that two different\n    routes to the same quantity produce.\n  */\n  if (startSeconds >= latest || sameInstant(startSeconds, latest)) {\n    /*\n      Quote what was typed. Reporting the parsed seconds meant `--start 4h` came back as\n      \"--start 14400s is at or past the end\", which reads as a value the user never gave.\n\n      In quotation marks, which the parse errors above have always used and this did not.\n      Without them the value ran into the sentence: `--start \"  5s  \"` printed as\n      `--start   5s   is at or past the end`, where the value appears to be `5s   is` and\n      the surrounding spaces — the actual reason a shell-built argument went wrong — are\n      invisible.\n    */\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      /*\n        The recording's length in the same words --info uses for it.\n\n        `formatSeconds` renders a bare number of seconds, so this message and the Duration\n        line disagreed about one file in one session: --info said \"6m 40s\" and the error said\n        \"400s\". On an overnight recording it read \"7950s recording\", leaving the reader to\n        divide by 3600 to find out whether their --start was reasonable — which is the one\n        question this message exists to answer. cli-reference.md has always documented it\n        humanised (\"2h 12m 30s\"), a form no input could produce.\n\n        The typed value keeps `quoted`, since that is the user's own text and should come\n        back exactly as they wrote it.\n      */\n      /*\n        `latest` is where the recording ends on its own clock, which is its length only when\n        it starts at zero. A file timed from its first record's timekeeping TAL need not: one\n        whose records run 1000s to 1003s is three seconds long, and this called it \"this\n        16m 43s recording\" — while --info two lines away said \"Duration 3s\". Where the\n        recording sits is the useful thing to say in that case, and it is the number --start\n        has to be given.\n      */\n      earliest === 0\n        ? `--start ${quoted(options.startText, startSeconds)} is at or past the end of this ` +\n          `${formatDuration(latest)} recording.`\n        : `--start ${quoted(options.startText, startSeconds)} is at or past the end of this ` +\n          `${formatDuration(latest - earliest)} recording, which runs from ` +\n          `${formatSeconds(earliest)} to ${formatSeconds(latest)}.`,\n    );\n  }\n  if (endSeconds <= startSeconds) {\n    // Quote whatever the caller actually gave, for the same reason as the error above. The\n    // end is only echoed when --end was passed: with --duration the end is computed here,\n    // so there is no typed value to quote and the arithmetic result is the honest thing.\n    const endShown =\n      options.end !== undefined && options.endText !== undefined\n        ? quoted(options.endText, endSeconds)\n        : formatSeconds(endSeconds);\n    const startShown = quoted(options.startText, startSeconds);\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `The requested window ends at ${endShown}, which is not after its start at ${startShown}.`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  const clampedEnd = Math.min(endSeconds, latest);\n  /*\n    Both ends of the window, clamped the same way.\n\n    The end has been clamped to the recording since these fields existed — `--end 999h` on a\n    two-hour file is documented as converting to the end, silently — and the start was left as\n    typed. So a window asked for before the recording begins was recorded as one:\n\n        edf2csv two-second.edf --out csv --start=-500\n        metadata.json  \"start_seconds\": -500, \"end_seconds\": 2\n\n    over a signals.csv whose first row is 0.000, with `records_converted` correctly `[0, 2]`.\n    output-files calls the pair \"the resolved time window\", which the end is and the start was\n    not, and a script taking `end_seconds - start_seconds` for the span converted got 502 for\n    two seconds of data.\n\n    `earliest` and not zero, because a recording is timed from its first record and need not\n    begin there: negative-origin.edf runs from -100s, and -100 is where a start before the\n    recording belongs. Nothing downstream moves — every sample sits at or after `earliest`, so\n    the row filter and the record selection answer the same for either value, and the byte\n    estimate takes a width from the smaller magnitude, which is the one the column actually\n    holds.\n\n    Not when the whole window sits before the recording, where there is no overlap to clamp\n    to and raising the start past the end would describe the request backwards: `--start 0\n    --duration 0.001` on a file beginning at 30s is an empty window, and EMPTY_WINDOW quotes\n    the bounds — \"(30.000s to 0.001s)\" says nothing a reader can act on, where the bounds as\n    asked for are what its hint is already explaining.\n  */\n  const clampedStart = clampedEnd <= earliest ? startSeconds : Math.max(startSeconds, earliest);\n  const { startRecord, endRecord } = selectRecords(options, clampedStart, clampedEnd);\n\n  return {\n    startSeconds: clampedStart,\n    endSeconds: clampedEnd,\n    startRecord,\n    endRecord,\n    /*\n      The same rounding, one field over.\n\n      `latest` is `recordCount * recordDuration`, and 6003 records of 0.1s is\n      600.3000000000001. So `--end 600.3` on a recording of exactly that length wrote every\n      sample it has — byte-identical to a bare conversion — and metadata.json recorded\n      `whole_recording: false` for it, while the bare run recorded true. One conversion, two\n      answers, on the field a pipeline reads to decide whether it has the lot.\n    */\n    isWholeRecording:\n      (startSeconds <= earliest || sameInstant(startSeconds, earliest)) &&\n      (clampedEnd >= latest || sameInstant(clampedEnd, latest)),\n    recordingStartSeconds: earliest,\n    recordingEndSeconds: latest,\n  };\n}\n\nfunction span(\n  recordStarts: Float64Array | null | undefined,\n  recordCount: number,\n  recordDuration: number,\n): { earliest: number; latest: number } {\n  if (!recordStarts || recordStarts.length === 0) {\n    return { earliest: 0, latest: recordCount * recordDuration };\n  }\n  let earliest = Infinity;\n  let latest = -Infinity;\n  for (const start of recordStarts) {\n    if (start < earliest) earliest = start;\n    if (start + recordDuration > latest) latest = start + recordDuration;\n  }\n  if (!Number.isFinite(earliest) || !Number.isFinite(latest)) {\n    return { earliest: 0, latest: recordCount * recordDuration };\n  }\n  return { earliest, latest };\n}\n\n/** Every record whose own time span overlaps the requested window. */\nfunction selectRecords(\n  options: { recordDuration: number; recordCount: number; recordStarts?: Float64Array | null | undefined },\n  startSeconds: number,\n  endSeconds: number,\n): { startRecord: number; endRecord: number } {\n  const starts = options.recordStarts;\n  if (!starts || starts.length === 0) {\n    return {\n      startRecord: Math.max(0, Math.floor(startSeconds / options.recordDuration)),\n      endRecord: Math.min(options.recordCount, Math.ceil(endSeconds / options.recordDuration)),\n    };\n  }\n\n  let first = options.recordCount;\n  let last = 0;\n  for (let i = 0; i < starts.length; i++) {\n    const begin = starts[i] ?? 0;\n    if (begin + options.recordDuration > startSeconds && begin < endSeconds) {\n      if (i < first) first = i;\n      if (i + 1 > last) last = i + 1;\n    }\n  }\n  return first < last ? { startRecord: first, endRecord: last } : { startRecord: 0, endRecord: 0 };\n}\n\n/**\n * The value as the caller typed it, in quotation marks, or the parsed seconds if they gave\n * none. The marks show where the value begins and ends, which matters most for the values\n * that went wrong because of what surrounds them.\n */\nfunction quoted(text: string | undefined, seconds: number): string {\n  return text === undefined ? formatSeconds(seconds) : `\"${text}\"`;\n}\n\nfunction formatSeconds(seconds: number): string {\n  /*\n    The same 1e21 cliff, in the bounds this message hands back.\n\n    `--start \"9e21\"` was answered with \"is at or past the end of this 3e+21s recording, which\n    runs from 1e+21s to 4e+21s\" — a sentence whose whole purpose is to say what window there\n    is to ask for, ending in two tokens the parser refuses: `--start 1e+21s` is \"uses an\n    unknown unit \\\"e\\\"\". `Number(...)` was here to drop the trailing zeros, and it also\n    re-introduced the exponent form that `toFixed` had produced.\n  */\n  const text = fixed(seconds, 3);\n  return `${text.includes('.') ? text.replace(/\\.?0+$/u, '') : text}s`;\n}\n"]}
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* Parsing for the time-range options.\n *\n * Researchers write offsets in whatever form is natural for the recording in front\n * of them: seconds for a short ECG strip, `30m` into a sleep study, `01:23:45` when\n * reading off a clock. All three are accepted; anything ambiguous is rejected with\n * a message that shows the forms that work.\n */\n\nimport { fixed, formatDuration } from '../format/number.js';\nimport { assertOptions } from './options.js';\n\nexport class TimeRangeError extends Error {\n  constructor(message: string) {\n    super(message);\n    this.name = 'TimeRangeError';\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Every spelling of a unit this accepts, and what one of it is worth in seconds.\n *\n * Exported so the spellings can be enumerated by a test rather than listed a second time:\n * twelve of these sixteen are named nowhere in the tool or its documentation, and none of\n * their values was checked by anything. `hrs: 360` would have converted `--start 2hrs` from\n * twelve minutes in and said nothing, which is the one kind of mistake a window may not make.\n */\nexport const UNIT_SECONDS: Record<string, number> = {\n  h: 3600,\n  hr: 3600,\n  hrs: 3600,\n  hour: 3600,\n  hours: 3600,\n  m: 60,\n  min: 60,\n  mins: 60,\n  minute: 60,\n  minutes: 60,\n  s: 1,\n  sec: 1,\n  secs: 1,\n  second: 1,\n  seconds: 1,\n  ms: 0.001,\n};\n\nconst CLOCK = /^(?:(\\d+):)?(\\d{1,2}):(\\d{1,2}(?:\\.\\d+)?)$/u;\nconst UNIT_TOKEN = /(\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?)\\s*([a-z]+)/giu;\n\n/** How the value reads in a refusal: numbers bare, everything else quoted so its type shows. */\nfunction describeValue(value: unknown): string {\n  return typeof value === 'number' ? String(value) : JSON.stringify(value) ?? String(value);\n}\n\n/**\n * Parse a duration or offset into seconds.\n *\n * Accepted: `90`, `90s`, `5m`, `1h30m`, `1h 30m 15s`, `00:30:00`, `30:00`, `250ms`.\n *\n * `allowNegative` is for the two options that name a position rather than a length.\n *\n * A recording is timed from its first record's timekeeping annotation, and nothing obliges that\n * to sit at or after zero: a file whose records run from -100 s to -97 s is one this tool reads,\n * times from -100, and describes with\n *\n *     Timed from -100.000s  (first sample; --start and --end use this clock)\n *\n * That line says the number can be typed straight back in, and it could not be. Every offset\n * such a recording has came back as \"not a time I understand\", so its whole clock was\n * unreachable and no window of it could be converted at all — the one file shape where a\n * window is refused for naming a moment the recording actually contains.\n *\n * A length below zero is still a different thing, and `--duration` still refuses one.\n */\nexport function parseTimeSpec(input: string, optionName: string, allowNegative = false): number {\n  /*\n    Text, because this is the function the API page points other people's users at: \"Use\n    `parseTimeSpec` if you want to accept those forms from your own users.\"\n\n    A value arriving from a JSON config or a form field is a number as often as a string, and\n    `{ \"start\": 30 }` came back as `TypeError: input.trim is not a function` — a variable name\n    from inside this file, thrown past a caller who had done exactly what the page told them\n    to. Every other refusal here is a TimeRangeError quoting the value and the option. The\n    number is not coerced, for the reason `channels: 'ECG'` is not iterated: a shape that\n    happens to work for 30 also swallows NaN, and the CLI already writes `String(raw)`.\n  */\n  if (typeof input !== 'string') {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${optionName} must be given as text, not ${describeValue(input)}. ` +\n        `Seconds are written \"30\", and the other forms are \"30s\", \"5m\", \"1h30m\", \"00:30:00\".`,\n    );\n  }\n  const trimmed = input.trim().toLowerCase();\n  if (trimmed === '') {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(`${optionName} is empty. Try a value like 30s, 5m, or 00:30:00.`);\n  }\n\n  /*\n    The sign is read off the front and applied to the whole value, so `-1h30m` is an hour and a\n    half before the origin rather than an hour before it and half an hour after.\n\n    Nothing may sit between the sign and the number, and a leading `+` is still refused: every\n    other number this tool takes is refused when written in a form nobody types, and `+5` is\n    exactly what `--decimals` and `--jobs` reject one flag over.\n  */\n  const negative = trimmed.startsWith('-');\n  const text = negative ? trimmed.slice(1) : trimmed;\n\n  /*\n    A leading plus, named as such.\n\n    Refusing it is deliberate — see the paragraph above — but it came back as \"is not a time I\n    understand. Try 30s, 5m, 1h30m, 00:30:00, or a plain number of seconds\", which is the\n    message for input that could not be read at all. Every part of `+5s` was read: the number\n    parsed, the unit was looked up and found. The one thing wrong with it is a character the\n    reader put there on purpose, and they were sent to re-check their unit spellings with `5m`\n    sitting in the list of suggestions, differing from what they typed by the sign they cannot\n    see is the problem. 0.7.102 made this argument about a space; this is the same sentence\n    about the other character that reaches it. `--decimals` and `--jobs` both quote the value\n    back and say what is wrong with it.\n\n    Every plus, not the first one, and the leftover space with it — the same rule the spaced\n    refusal below applies to spaces, for the same reason: a hint whose command this function\n    refuses is worse than no hint. `+1h+30m` was answered with `1h+30m`, which comes straight\n    back as \"is not a time I understand\", and `+ 5s` with a value that opened on a space.\n  */\n  if (text.startsWith('+')) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${optionName} \"${input}\" begins with a plus. Write the number on its own: ` +\n        `${input.trim().replaceAll('+', '').trim()}`,\n    );\n  }\n  const signed = (seconds: number): number =>\n    assertFinite(negative ? -seconds : seconds, optionName, input, allowNegative);\n\n  // Bare number means seconds.\n  if (/^\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?$/u.test(text)) return signed(Number(text));\n\n  // Clock form: hh:mm:ss or mm:ss.\n  const clock = CLOCK.exec(text);\n  if (clock) {\n    const hours = clock[1] === undefined ? 0 : Number(clock[1]);\n    const minutes = Number(clock[2]);\n    const seconds = Number(clock[3]);\n    if (minutes >= 60 || seconds >= 60) {\n      throw new TimeRangeError(\n        `${optionName} \"${input}\" has a minutes or seconds field of 60 or more.`,\n      );\n    }\n    return signed(hours * 3600 + minutes * 60 + seconds);\n  }\n\n  // Unit form: 1h30m, 1h30m 15s, 250ms. A number sits directly against its unit; see below.\n  UNIT_TOKEN.lastIndex = 0;\n  let total = 0;\n  let matched = 0;\n  let consumed = 0;\n  /** Whether any token had a space between its number and its unit. See the refusal below. */\n  let spaced = false;\n  let match: RegExpExecArray | null;\n  // Which units have already been seen, so a repeat can be rejected rather than added.\n  const seen = new Set<number>();\n  while ((match = UNIT_TOKEN.exec(text)) !== null) {\n    const amount = Number(match[1]);\n    const unit = match[2] ?? '';\n    const scale = UNIT_SECONDS[unit];\n    if (scale === undefined) {\n      throw new TimeRangeError(\n        `${optionName} \"${input}\" uses an unknown unit \"${unit}\". Use h, m, s or ms, ` +\n          `or their long forms: hours, minutes, seconds.`,\n      );\n    }\n\n    // \"1h1h\" is a typo, not a request for two hours. Summing repeated units silently\n    // turned a slip into a plausible window that was quietly the wrong length. Units are\n    // keyed by their scale so the aliases collapse together: \"1h30min20m\" is caught too.\n    if (seen.has(scale)) {\n      throw new TimeRangeError(\n        `${optionName} \"${input}\" gives the same unit twice. ` +\n          `Combine each unit once, as in 1h30m.`,\n      );\n    }\n    seen.add(scale);\n\n    total += amount * scale;\n    matched++;\n    // Counted with the whitespace taken out, so the comparison below is against the same\n    // string on both sides and a space inside a token reaches the refusal written for it\n    // rather than the one about input that could not be read at all.\n    consumed += match[0].replace(/\\s+/gu, '').length;\n    if (/\\s/u.test(match[0])) spaced = true;\n  }\n\n  // Reject partially-understood input like \"5x\" or \"1h banana\".\n  if (matched === 0 || consumed !== text.replace(/\\s+/gu, '').length) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${optionName} \"${input}\" is not a time I understand. ` +\n        `Try 30s, 5m, 1h30m, 00:30:00, or a plain number of seconds.`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  /*\n    A space between a number and its unit, named as such.\n\n    `5 min` is refused on purpose — cli-reference sets the rule out, and it is what keeps\n    `1 2h` from being read as anything — but it came back as \"is not a time I understand. Try\n    30s, 5m, 1h30m, 00:30:00, or a plain number of seconds\", which is the message for input\n    that could not be read at all. Every part of `5 min` was read: the number parsed, the unit\n    was looked up in the table and found. The one thing wrong with it is a space, and the\n    reader was sent to re-check their unit spellings instead — with `5m` sitting in the list of\n    suggestions, differing from what they typed by a character they cannot see is the problem.\n\n    Only reachable now that the count above ignores whitespace; before, the length check caught\n    these first and there was nothing left to tell them apart by.\n  */\n  if (spaced) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${optionName} \"${input}\" puts a space between a number and its unit. ` +\n        `Write them together: ${input.trim().replace(/(\\d)\\s+([a-z])/giu, '$1$2')}`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  return signed(total);\n}\n\nfunction assertFinite(\n  value: number,\n  optionName: string,\n  input: string,\n  allowNegative: boolean,\n): number {\n  /*\n    Overflow answers for itself, rather than borrowing the sentence about signs.\n\n    One branch covered two rejections. `--start` with four hundred nines is a positive value\n    that `Number` returns as `Infinity`, and the answer was `is not a valid non-negative\n    time` — which names the one thing about it that is not the problem. Worse on the two\n    options this is called with `allowNegative` for: `--start` and `--end` take a sign on\n    purpose, since a recording timed from before zero has no other way to be addressed, so\n    \"non-negative\" is not their rule at all and overflow is the only way they reach here.\n  */\n  if (!Number.isFinite(value)) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `${optionName} \"${input}\" is further from zero than a number of seconds can hold.`,\n    );\n  }\n  if (!allowNegative && value < 0) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError(`${optionName} \"${input}\" is not a valid non-negative time.`);\n  }\n  return value;\n}\n\nexport interface ResolvedRange {\n  /** Inclusive start, in seconds from the beginning of the recording. */\n  startSeconds: number;\n  /** Exclusive end, in seconds. */\n  endSeconds: number;\n  /** First data record touching the window. */\n  startRecord: number;\n  /** One past the last data record touching the window. */\n  endRecord: number;\n  /** True when the window covers the whole recording. */\n  isWholeRecording: boolean;\n  /** Earliest record start, including EDF+D timing gaps. */\n  recordingStartSeconds: number;\n  /** End of the latest record, including EDF+D timing gaps. */\n  recordingEndSeconds: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * Slack for comparisons at sample/window boundaries.\n *\n * A nanosecond is far below any real sampling interval — 20 kHz is 50 microseconds — so it\n * absorbs the arithmetic error in `recordStart + sample / rate` without reaching a\n * neighbouring sample.\n */\nexport const BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE = 1e-9;\n\n/**\n * The slack to use for a channel sampled this often.\n *\n * Never as much as half a sample interval, because slack that reaches the next sample stops\n * being slack. A fixed nanosecond was applied whatever the rate, and the format does not\n * oblige the interval to be larger than it: EDF's record duration is an 8-character field\n * that accepts `1e-9`. A recording of two 1 ns records holding ten samples each wrote ten of\n * its twenty rows — the window ends at 2e-9, the comparison asked for `time < 2e-9 - 1e-9`,\n * and the entire second record failed it. Exit 0, no warning, half the samples gone.\n */\nexport function toleranceFor(rate: number): number {\n  if (!(rate > 0) || !Number.isFinite(rate)) return BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE;\n  return Math.min(BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE, 1 / rate / 2);\n}\n\n/** Match the exact half-open boundary rules used while writing signal rows. */\nexport function sampleTimeIsInRange(\n  time: number,\n  startSeconds: number,\n  endSeconds: number,\n  tolerance: number = BOUNDARY_TOLERANCE,\n): boolean {\n  return time >= startSeconds - tolerance && time < endSeconds - tolerance;\n}\n\n/** Count samples from one record that fall inside a half-open requested window. */\nexport function countSamplesInRange(options: {\n  recordStart: number;\n  rate: number;\n  samplesPerRecord: number;\n  startSeconds: number;\n  endSeconds: number;\n}): number {\n  /*\n    A record with no place on the clock contributes no rows, which is what the conversion\n    already does with one: its sample times are non-finite, so every one of them fails the\n    range test and none is written. The arithmetic below reached `Infinity - Infinity` and\n    answered `NaN`, which `--info` then printed — \"Would write NaN rows, roughly NaN B.\" on a\n    recording that goes on to write eight. Reachable from a header: a record duration of 1e308\n    is five characters in an eight-character field, and the third record of one is past what a\n    double can hold.\n  */\n  if (!Number.isFinite(options.recordStart)) return 0;\n  const slack = toleranceFor(options.rate);\n  const lower = Math.ceil(\n    (options.startSeconds - slack - options.recordStart) * options.rate,\n  );\n  const upper = Math.ceil(\n    (options.endSeconds - slack - options.recordStart) * options.rate,\n  );\n  const first = Math.max(0, Math.min(options.samplesPerRecord, lower));\n  const last = Math.max(0, Math.min(options.samplesPerRecord, upper));\n  return Math.max(0, last - first);\n}\n\n/**\n * Whether two instants differ only by the arithmetic that produced them.\n *\n * A relative epsilon, because the gap between doubles grows with magnitude — the same shape\n * the long layout uses to decide two sample times are one instant. Well below any real sample\n * interval, and well above the rounding that two routes to one quantity produce: a recording's\n * length is `recordCount * recordDuration`, which for 6003 records of 0.1s is not the 600.3 it\n * prints as.\n */\nfunction sameInstant(a: number, b: number): boolean {\n  /*\n    A relative tolerance has nothing to be relative to at infinity.\n\n    `Math.abs(a - Infinity)` is Infinity, and so is the allowance beside it, so\n    `Infinity <= Infinity` made every instant the same instant as an infinite one. A\n    recording whose end overflows a double — three records of 1e308 seconds, which an\n    8-character record-duration field can state and a timekeeping TAL can place — was\n    therefore refused the window nobody asked for:\n\n        $ edf2csv rec.edf --info\n        error: --start 0s is at or past the end of this unknown recording.\n\n    Exit 2 for a file, naming a flag the command did not carry, quoting a length that is\n    `formatDuration`'s word for a number it will not print. `--info` is the one command that\n    would have explained the file and it is the one that could not run.\n\n    Finite or equal, which is the only reading that means anything: two infinities are the\n    same non-instant, and a real offset is not one of them.\n  */\n  if (!Number.isFinite(a) || !Number.isFinite(b)) return a === b;\n  return Math.abs(a - b) <= Math.max(Math.abs(a), Math.abs(b)) * 1e-12;\n}\n\n/**\n * Turn a requested window into both an exact time span and the record range that\n * contains it. Records are the unit the file can be read in; the exact span is what\n * decides which samples inside those records are actually written.\n */\nexport function resolveRange(options: {\n  start?: number | undefined;\n  /** The `--start` value exactly as typed, quoted back in the past-the-end error. */\n  startText?: string | undefined;\n  duration?: number | undefined;\n  end?: number | undefined;\n  /** The `--end` value exactly as typed, quoted back in the window error. */\n  endText?: string | undefined;\n  recordDuration: number;\n  recordCount: number;\n  /**\n   * True start time of each data record, for discontinuous files. When absent,\n   * records are assumed to sit end to end.\n   */\n  recordStarts?: Float64Array | null | undefined;\n}): ResolvedRange {\n  /*\n    The same check `buildPlan` makes, made here too, because this is exported on its own.\n\n    `assertOptions` sits at the top of `buildPlan`, so `convert` was covered and the function\n    underneath it was not — and this one has its own signature block on the API page.\n    `resolveRange({ start: NaN, ... })` resolved: no error, no warning, and a range read back\n    as `startSeconds: null, startRecord: null`, which is the \"takes the whole recording\n    without saying so\" that comment names. `{ end: '2' }` was coerced by the arithmetic and\n    accepted; `{ start: '30' }` reached the past-the-end error and printed it with the value\n    missing — `--start s is at or past the end of this 3s recording`.\n  */\n  assertOptions({ start: options.start, duration: options.duration, end: options.end });\n\n  // For a continuous file the recording spans recordCount * recordDuration. A\n  // discontinuous one does not: a 10-second recording with a 95-second gap in the\n  // middle still ends at 105 seconds. Deriving the span from the records' real\n  // positions is what stops a requested window from being clipped back to the\n  // amount of *data* in the file and silently discarding everything past it.\n  const { earliest, latest } = span(options.recordStarts, options.recordCount, options.recordDuration);\n\n  if (options.duration !== undefined && options.end !== undefined) {\n    throw new TimeRangeError('Use either --duration or --end, not both.');\n  }\n\n  const startSeconds = options.start ?? earliest;\n\n  let endSeconds: number;\n  if (options.duration !== undefined) endSeconds = startSeconds + options.duration;\n  else if (options.end !== undefined) endSeconds = options.end;\n  else endSeconds = latest;\n\n  /*\n    At the end, allowing for the arithmetic that produced the end.\n\n    `latest` is `recordCount * recordDuration`, and with a fractional duration that is not the\n    number it prints as: 6003 records of 0.1s is 600.3000000000001, not 600.3. So `--start\n    600.3` on a recording `--info` calls \"10m 0.3s\" was accepted by a hair, converted nothing,\n    and exited 0 with a signals.csv holding its header — which is the empty conversion this\n    error exists to prevent, and which the same command on a whole-second recording is refused\n    for.\n\n    A relative epsilon, the same shape the long layout uses to decide two sample times are one\n    instant: well below any real interval, and well above the rounding that two different\n    routes to the same quantity produce.\n  */\n  if (startSeconds >= latest || sameInstant(startSeconds, latest)) {\n    /*\n      Quote what was typed. Reporting the parsed seconds meant `--start 4h` came back as\n      \"--start 14400s is at or past the end\", which reads as a value the user never gave.\n\n      In quotation marks, which the parse errors above have always used and this did not.\n      Without them the value ran into the sentence: `--start \"  5s  \"` printed as\n      `--start   5s   is at or past the end`, where the value appears to be `5s   is` and\n      the surrounding spaces — the actual reason a shell-built argument went wrong — are\n      invisible.\n    */\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      /*\n        The recording's length in the same words --info uses for it.\n\n        `formatSeconds` renders a bare number of seconds, so this message and the Duration\n        line disagreed about one file in one session: --info said \"6m 40s\" and the error said\n        \"400s\". On an overnight recording it read \"7950s recording\", leaving the reader to\n        divide by 3600 to find out whether their --start was reasonable — which is the one\n        question this message exists to answer. cli-reference.md has always documented it\n        humanised (\"2h 12m 30s\"), a form no input could produce.\n\n        The typed value keeps `quoted`, since that is the user's own text and should come\n        back exactly as they wrote it.\n      */\n      /*\n        `latest` is where the recording ends on its own clock, which is its length only when\n        it starts at zero. A file timed from its first record's timekeeping TAL need not: one\n        whose records run 1000s to 1003s is three seconds long, and this called it \"this\n        16m 43s recording\" — while --info two lines away said \"Duration 3s\". Where the\n        recording sits is the useful thing to say in that case, and it is the number --start\n        has to be given.\n      */\n      earliest === 0\n        ? `--start ${quoted(options.startText, startSeconds)} is at or past the end of this ` +\n          `${formatDuration(latest)} recording.`\n        : `--start ${quoted(options.startText, startSeconds)} is at or past the end of this ` +\n          `${formatDuration(latest - earliest)} recording, which runs from ` +\n          `${formatSeconds(earliest)} to ${formatSeconds(latest)}.`,\n    );\n  }\n  if (endSeconds <= startSeconds) {\n    // Quote whatever the caller actually gave, for the same reason as the error above. The\n    // end is only echoed when --end was passed: with --duration the end is computed here,\n    // so there is no typed value to quote and the arithmetic result is the honest thing.\n    const endShown =\n      options.end !== undefined && options.endText !== undefined\n        ? quoted(options.endText, endSeconds)\n        : formatSeconds(endSeconds);\n    const startShown = quoted(options.startText, startSeconds);\n    throw new TimeRangeError(\n      `The requested window ends at ${endShown}, which is not after its start at ${startShown}.`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  const clampedEnd = Math.min(endSeconds, latest);\n  /*\n    Both ends of the window, clamped the same way.\n\n    The end has been clamped to the recording since these fields existed — `--end 999h` on a\n    two-hour file is documented as converting to the end, silently — and the start was left as\n    typed. So a window asked for before the recording begins was recorded as one:\n\n        edf2csv two-second.edf --out csv --start=-500\n        metadata.json  \"start_seconds\": -500, \"end_seconds\": 2\n\n    over a signals.csv whose first row is 0.000, with `records_converted` correctly `[0, 2]`.\n    output-files calls the pair \"the resolved time window\", which the end is and the start was\n    not, and a script taking `end_seconds - start_seconds` for the span converted got 502 for\n    two seconds of data.\n\n    `earliest` and not zero, because a recording is timed from its first record and need not\n    begin there: negative-origin.edf runs from -100s, and -100 is where a start before the\n    recording belongs. Nothing downstream moves — every sample sits at or after `earliest`, so\n    the row filter and the record selection answer the same for either value, and the byte\n    estimate takes a width from the smaller magnitude, which is the one the column actually\n    holds.\n\n    Not when the whole window sits before the recording, where there is no overlap to clamp\n    to and raising the start past the end would describe the request backwards: `--start 0\n    --duration 0.001` on a file beginning at 30s is an empty window, and EMPTY_WINDOW quotes\n    the bounds — \"(30.000s to 0.001s)\" says nothing a reader can act on, where the bounds as\n    asked for are what its hint is already explaining.\n  */\n  const clampedStart = clampedEnd <= earliest ? startSeconds : Math.max(startSeconds, earliest);\n  const { startRecord, endRecord } = selectRecords(options, clampedStart, clampedEnd);\n\n  return {\n    startSeconds: clampedStart,\n    endSeconds: clampedEnd,\n    startRecord,\n    endRecord,\n    /*\n      The same rounding, one field over.\n\n      `latest` is `recordCount * recordDuration`, and 6003 records of 0.1s is\n      600.3000000000001. So `--end 600.3` on a recording of exactly that length wrote every\n      sample it has — byte-identical to a bare conversion — and metadata.json recorded\n      `whole_recording: false` for it, while the bare run recorded true. One conversion, two\n      answers, on the field a pipeline reads to decide whether it has the lot.\n    */\n    isWholeRecording:\n      (startSeconds <= earliest || sameInstant(startSeconds, earliest)) &&\n      (clampedEnd >= latest || sameInstant(clampedEnd, latest)),\n    recordingStartSeconds: earliest,\n    recordingEndSeconds: latest,\n  };\n}\n\nfunction span(\n  recordStarts: Float64Array | null | undefined,\n  recordCount: number,\n  recordDuration: number,\n): { earliest: number; latest: number } {\n  if (!recordStarts || recordStarts.length === 0) {\n    return { earliest: 0, latest: recordCount * recordDuration };\n  }\n  let earliest = Infinity;\n  let latest = -Infinity;\n  for (const start of recordStarts) {\n    if (start < earliest) earliest = start;\n    if (start + recordDuration > latest) latest = start + recordDuration;\n  }\n  if (!Number.isFinite(earliest) || !Number.isFinite(latest)) {\n    return { earliest: 0, latest: recordCount * recordDuration };\n  }\n  return { earliest, latest };\n}\n\n/** Every record whose own time span overlaps the requested window. */\nfunction selectRecords(\n  options: { recordDuration: number; recordCount: number; recordStarts?: Float64Array | null | undefined },\n  startSeconds: number,\n  endSeconds: number,\n): { startRecord: number; endRecord: number } {\n  const starts = options.recordStarts;\n  if (!starts || starts.length === 0) {\n    /*\n      An empty range is `[0, 0]` here as it is below, rather than whatever the arithmetic\n      produced. Each bound was clamped on one side only — the start up to zero, the end down\n      to the record count — so a window lying entirely before the recording came back as\n      `records_converted: [0, -1]` in metadata.json, over a `endRecord` documented as \"one\n      past the last data record touching the window\". A script differencing the pair read\n      minus one record converted, and `ConversionProgress.recordsTotal` reported the same.\n\n      The discontinuous branch below has always answered `[0, 0]` for exactly this request,\n      so the two halves of one function disagreed about how to say \"none\": the same window on\n      `annotations.edf` and on `discontinuous.edf` gave `[0, -1]` and `[0, 0]`.\n    */\n    const first = Math.max(0, Math.floor(startSeconds / options.recordDuration));\n    const last = Math.min(options.recordCount, Math.ceil(endSeconds / options.recordDuration));\n    return first < last ? { startRecord: first, endRecord: last } : { startRecord: 0, endRecord: 0 };\n  }\n\n  let first = options.recordCount;\n  let last = 0;\n  for (let i = 0; i < starts.length; i++) {\n    const begin = starts[i] ?? 0;\n    if (begin + options.recordDuration > startSeconds && begin < endSeconds) {\n      if (i < first) first = i;\n      if (i + 1 > last) last = i + 1;\n    }\n  }\n  return first < last ? { startRecord: first, endRecord: last } : { startRecord: 0, endRecord: 0 };\n}\n\n/**\n * The value as the caller typed it, in quotation marks, or the parsed seconds if they gave\n * none. The marks show where the value begins and ends, which matters most for the values\n * that went wrong because of what surrounds them.\n */\nfunction quoted(text: string | undefined, seconds: number): string {\n  return text === undefined ? formatSeconds(seconds) : `\"${text}\"`;\n}\n\nfunction formatSeconds(seconds: number): string {\n  /*\n    The same 1e21 cliff, in the bounds this message hands back.\n\n    `--start \"9e21\"` was answered with \"is at or past the end of this 3e+21s recording, which\n    runs from 1e+21s to 4e+21s\" — a sentence whose whole purpose is to say what window there\n    is to ask for, ending in two tokens the parser refuses: `--start 1e+21s` is \"uses an\n    unknown unit \\\"e\\\"\". `Number(...)` was here to drop the trailing zeros, and it also\n    re-introduced the exponent form that `toFixed` had produced.\n  */\n  const text = fixed(seconds, 3);\n  return `${text.includes('.') ? text.replace(/\\.?0+$/u, '') : text}s`;\n}\n"]}

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "edf2csv",
-  "version": "0.7.217",
+  "version": "0.7.219",
   "description": "Convert EDF, EDF+ and BDF biosignal recordings (European Data Format) to CSV from the command line. Local, streaming, and never resamples or alters units.",
   "keywords": [
     "edf",