edf2csv 0.7.203 → 0.7.205

package/dist/edf/annotations.d.ts

@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@
  *
  *   +<onset>[<0x15><duration>]<0x14><text><0x14>...<0x00>
  *
- * The first TAL of every data record must carry that record's start time and no
- * text; that is how an EDF+D file states where each record actually sits in time.
+ * The first TAL of every data record carries that record's start time; that is how an EDF+D
+ * file states where each record actually sits in time. It may carry event text after that,
+ * which the specification allows and writers use, so an unreadable one costs a position and
+ * whatever events went with it — see `malformedTimekeepingWithText`.
  *
  *   +1.25<0x15>0.5<0x14>Seizure onset<0x14><0x00>
  */

package/dist/edf/annotations.js

@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@
  *
  *   +<onset>[<0x15><duration>]<0x14><text><0x14>...<0x00>
  *
- * The first TAL of every data record must carry that record's start time and no
- * text; that is how an EDF+D file states where each record actually sits in time.
+ * The first TAL of every data record carries that record's start time; that is how an EDF+D
+ * file states where each record actually sits in time. It may carry event text after that,
+ * which the specification allows and writers use, so an unreadable one costs a position and
+ * whatever events went with it — see `malformedTimekeepingWithText`.
  *
  *   +1.25<0x15>0.5<0x14>Seizure onset<0x14><0x00>
  */

package/dist/edf/annotations.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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Its bytes are a\n * run of Time-stamped Annotation Lists, each terminated by a NUL, with the rest\n * of the channel NUL-padded:\n *\n *   +<onset>[<0x15><duration>]<0x14><text><0x14>...<0x00>\n *\n * The first TAL of every data record must carry that record's start time and no\n * text; that is how an EDF+D file states where each record actually sits in time.\n *\n *   +1.25<0x15>0.5<0x14>Seizure onset<0x14><0x00>\n */\n\nimport { decodeText } from './bytes.js';\n\nconst SEP_TEXT = 0x14; // separates onset/duration from text, and text from text\nconst SEP_DURATION = 0x15; // separates onset from duration\nconst TAL_END = 0x00;\n\nconst TEXT_SEP_CHAR = String.fromCharCode(SEP_TEXT);\nconst DURATION_SEP_CHAR = String.fromCharCode(SEP_DURATION);\n\n/**\n * What EDF+ allows a TAL duration to look like, which is less than `Number()` allows.\n *\n * The header parser's DECIMAL_FIELD makes this argument at length and lists where the same\n * mistake had already been fixed: `#0x2` reaching channel 2 through `--channels`,\n * `--decimals 0o5` writing five places, `--jobs 0x10` running sixteen, a physical maximum of\n * `0x64` setting a whole calibration to 100. The annotation duration is the one field it did\n * not reach. `+1<0x15>0x10<0x14>Seizure` was exported with a duration_s of 16 — sixteen\n * seconds no writer wrote, in a column the documentation defines as the length the file\n * stated, exit 0 and no diagnostic. `0b11` is three the same way.\n *\n * A duration this cannot read is already a thing the parser knows how to say: the field is\n * left empty, counted, and reported. Sending these there costs nothing and states the truth,\n * which is that the file wrote something that is not a number of seconds.\n */\nconst DECIMAL_DURATION = /^[+-]?(?:\\d+(?:\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)(?:[eE][+-]?\\d+)?$/u;\n\nexport interface Annotation {\n  /** Seconds from the start of the recording. */\n  onset: number;\n  /**\n   * Seconds, or null when the TAL stated no duration that could be read.\n   *\n   * Null covers two cases the file distinguishes and this field does not: a TAL that omitted\n   * the duration, and a TAL that stated one which is not a number. They are told apart by\n   * `unreadableDurations`, which is what raises the warning; the value itself has nowhere\n   * honest to put \"the file said `abc`\".\n   */\n  duration: number | null;\n  text: string;\n  /** Index of the data record this annotation was stored in. */\n  recordIndex: number;\n  /**\n   * True when the file stated a duration that could not be read.\n   *\n   * `duration` is null either way, which is the ambiguity the counts beside it exist to\n   * flag — and those counts were of the whole file while `annotations.csv` is filtered to\n   * the requested window. A conversion of one second of a recording warned that \"1\n   * annotation states a duration that is not a number, so its duration_s cell is empty\"\n   * about an event two seconds outside it, and failed `--strict` for it. Carrying the fact\n   * on the event lets the count be taken where the window has already been applied.\n   */\n  durationUnreadable?: boolean;\n}\n\nexport interface DecodedRecordAnnotations {\n  /** Record start time in seconds, from the leading timekeeping TAL. */\n  recordStart: number | null;\n  annotations: Annotation[];\n  /** Non-empty chunks that were not valid TALs, so the caller can report them. */\n  malformed: number;\n  /** Unreadable TALs in first position, which carry a record's start time, not an event. */\n  malformedTimekeeping: number;\n  /**\n   * How many of those also carried event text, and so lost events as well as a position.\n   *\n   * A TAL in first position holds the record's start time, and may hold events after it — the\n   * specification allows both in the one entry, and writers use it. When such a TAL cannot be\n   * parsed, both are gone, and counting it only as lost timekeeping let the warning beside it\n   * say \"No event was lost\" over a conversion that had just dropped four of them.\n   *\n   * Counted rather than inferred, because the sentence has to be right in the ordinary case\n   * too: a bare timekeeping TAL really does lose no event, and that is nearly all of them.\n   */\n  malformedTimekeepingWithText: number;\n  /**\n   * Events kept whose stated duration could not be read.\n   *\n   * Counted apart again, for the same reason the two above are: the entry was exported and\n   * nothing about it is missing except the one field, so calling it an entry that \"could not\n   * be exported\" describes a loss that did not happen and hides the one that did.\n   */\n  unreadableDurations: number;\n  /**\n   * Events kept whose stated duration is a readable number below zero.\n   *\n   * Separate from the count above because the value survives: it is written to the CSV as\n   * the file gave it, and what is wrong with it is arithmetic rather than parsing.\n   */\n  negativeDurations: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * Decode one data record's annotation bytes.\n *\n * Malformed TALs are skipped rather than thrown, because a single bad annotation\n * should not cost the user an entire conversion. The count of skipped chunks is\n * returned so the caller can tell the user rather than losing them in silence.\n */\nexport function decodeRecordAnnotations(\n  bytes: Uint8Array,\n  recordIndex: number,\n  carriesTimekeeping = true,\n): DecodedRecordAnnotations {\n  const annotations: Annotation[] = [];\n  let recordStart: number | null = null;\n  let isFirstTal = true;\n  let malformed = 0;\n  let malformedTimekeeping = 0;\n  let malformedTimekeepingWithText = 0;\n  let unreadableDurations = 0;\n  let negativeDurations = 0;\n\n  let start = 0;\n  for (let i = 0; i <= bytes.length; i++) {\n    if (i !== bytes.length && bytes[i] !== TAL_END) continue;\n\n    if (i > start) {\n      const chunk = bytes.subarray(start, i);\n      /*\n        Padding is not a lost annotation.\n\n        The spec pads the slot with NUL, which the loop above already skips because it is what\n        separates one TAL from the next. Writers pad with spaces instead, and a run of spaces\n        after the last TAL is a non-empty chunk — so a file holding one perfectly readable\n        event, exported in full, was told \"2 annotation entries were unreadable and could not\n        be exported\", one per record. Nothing was lost. Under --strict that is a failed run\n        over the whitespace at the end of a slot.\n\n        Only whitespace. A chunk of anything else that does not parse is a real loss and is\n        still counted, which is the case this warning exists for.\n      */\n      if (chunk.every(isPaddingByte)) {\n        start = i + 1;\n        continue;\n      }\n      const parsed = parseTal(chunk, recordIndex);\n\n      // The timekeeping TAL is the one in first POSITION, whether or not it decodes.\n      // Clearing this flag only on a successful parse meant that an unreadable first TAL\n      // promoted the next ordinary annotation to timekeeping, and its onset silently\n      // became the record's start time — shifting every sample in that record. Leaving\n      // recordStart null instead is what the caller already handles, with a fallback\n      // timestamp and an ANNOTATION_DECODE_FAILED warning naming the record.\n      /*\n        Only one annotation channel carries a record's start time.\n\n        This flagged the first TAL of *every* annotation channel as timekeeping. In a second\n        channel the first TAL is an ordinary event — so when one failed to parse, the event\n        was dropped and counted as a lost timekeeping entry, which produced the warning\n        \"3 data records carry a timekeeping annotation that could not be read\" followed by\n        \"No event was lost\". Three events had been lost, and the timekeeping in that file was\n        perfectly readable. Both sentences false, about the same three records.\n      */\n      const isTimekeeping = isFirstTal && carriesTimekeeping;\n      isFirstTal = false;\n\n      if (parsed) {\n        if (isTimekeeping) recordStart = parsed.onset;\n        for (const annotation of parsed.annotations) annotations.push(annotation);\n        unreadableDurations += parsed.unreadableDurations;\n        negativeDurations += parsed.negativeDurations;\n      } else {\n        /*\n          Counted apart from the events, because losing one is a different loss.\n\n          A timekeeping TAL is never exported — it says where the record sits, not what\n          happened — so counting it among the entries that \"could not be exported\" both\n          overstated what was lost from annotations.csv and said nothing about the thing that\n          actually went missing, which is a record's position in time. A file with one\n          unreadable timekeeping TAL and three perfectly good events reported \"1 annotation\n          entry was unreadable and could not be exported\" while exporting all three.\n\n          The other direction is just as wrong. A first-position TAL may carry events after\n          the start time, and when one of those cannot be parsed the events go with it — so\n          counting it only as lost timekeeping produced the opposite false sentence: \"No event\n          was lost\", printed over a run whose annotations.csv had gone from six rows to two.\n          It is one entry that could not be exported and one record with no position, and it\n          is counted as both.\n        */\n        if (isTimekeeping) {\n          malformedTimekeeping++;\n          if (carriesAnnotationText(chunk)) {\n            malformedTimekeepingWithText++;\n            malformed++;\n          }\n        } else malformed++;\n      }\n    }\n    start = i + 1;\n  }\n\n  return {\n    recordStart,\n    annotations,\n    malformed,\n    malformedTimekeeping,\n    malformedTimekeepingWithText,\n    unreadableDurations,\n    negativeDurations,\n  };\n}\n\ninterface ParsedTal {\n  onset: number;\n  annotations: Annotation[];\n  /** How many of those annotations carry a duration the file stated and this could not read. */\n  unreadableDurations: number;\n  /** How many carry a duration that read as a number below zero. */\n  negativeDurations: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * Whether a TAL that could not be parsed still carried event text.\n *\n * A TAL is `onset[<0x15>duration]<0x14>text<0x14>...`, so anything other than padding after\n * the first 0x14 is a description the file meant to export. Read from the raw chunk, since by\n * the time this is asked the parse has already failed and there is no structure to consult.\n */\nfunction carriesAnnotationText(chunk: Uint8Array): boolean {\n  let afterSeparator = false;\n  for (const byte of chunk) {\n    if (byte === 0x14) {\n      afterSeparator = true;\n      continue;\n    }\n    if (afterSeparator && !isPaddingByte(byte)) return true;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\n/** Space, tab, CR, LF or NUL — what a writer fills the rest of the slot with. */\nfunction isPaddingByte(byte: number): boolean {\n  return byte === 0x20 || byte === 0x09 || byte === 0x0d || byte === 0x0a || byte === 0x00;\n}\n\nfunction parseTal(chunk: Uint8Array, recordIndex: number): ParsedTal | null {\n  // The onset must be explicitly signed; anything else is not a TAL.\n  const first = chunk[0];\n  if (first !== 0x2b /* + */ && first !== 0x2d /* - */) return null;\n\n  const text = decodeText(chunk);\n  const parts = text.split(TEXT_SEP_CHAR);\n  const head = parts[0] ?? '';\n\n  let onsetText = head;\n  let durationText: string | null = null;\n  const durationSep = head.indexOf(DURATION_SEP_CHAR);\n  if (durationSep >= 0) {\n    onsetText = head.slice(0, durationSep);\n    durationText = head.slice(durationSep + 1);\n  }\n\n  const onset = Number(onsetText);\n  if (!Number.isFinite(onset)) return null;\n\n  /*\n    A duration the file stated and this could not read is not the same as no duration.\n\n    Both came out as `null` and so as an empty `duration_s` cell, which the documentation\n    defines as meaning the file gave no duration — so an event whose duration was written as\n    `abc` was exported as an event with no duration, indistinguishable from one beside it\n    that genuinely had none, and nothing anywhere said a field had been dropped. The onset is\n    already held to this standard: one that is not a number costs the whole TAL and is\n    reported. A duration is one field of an otherwise readable event, so the event is kept —\n    but it is counted, and the run says so.\n  */\n  /*\n    Fill in the field is an absent duration, not a zero.\n\n    `Number` reads a run of whitespace as 0 — the rule that makes `Number('')` zero, one step\n    along — so a TAL whose duration field held nothing but the writer's padding was exported\n    with a `duration_s` of `0`, byte-identical to the event beside it whose file really did\n    say `0`. An instantaneous event is a claim about the recording, and no writer made it;\n    inventing it is the one thing this tool does not do, and it did so in silence, exit 0.\n\n    The empty field this condition already declines is the same field without the fill in it,\n    so padding takes the same answer: the file stated no duration. `trim` empties exactly the\n    strings `Number` would otherwise have swallowed into a zero, so `  2.5  ` still reads as\n    2.5 and `abc` is still counted as unreadable below.\n  */\n  let duration: number | null = null;\n  let durationUnreadable = false;\n  if (durationText !== null && durationText.trim() !== '') {\n    const stated = durationText.trim();\n    const d = DECIMAL_DURATION.test(stated) ? Number(stated) : NaN;\n    if (Number.isFinite(d)) duration = d;\n    else durationUnreadable = true;\n  }\n\n  /*\n    A duration is a length of time, and a length below zero is not one.\n\n    The value is kept and written as the file gave it — inventing a zero, or dropping it to\n    an empty cell, would put a number in annotations.csv that no writer wrote, which is the\n    one thing this tool does not do. But it is reported, because everything downstream\n    quietly does the wrong thing with it: the recipe this documentation gives for the samples\n    an event covers is `onset_s + duration_s`, which for a duration of -3 ends three seconds\n    before the event starts and selects nothing at all, with no error anywhere.\n  */\n  const durationNegative = duration !== null && duration < 0;\n\n  const annotations: Annotation[] = [];\n  for (const raw of parts.slice(1)) {\n    /*\n      A trailing separator yields an empty segment; a timekeeping TAL is all empty.\n\n      Whitespace counts as empty here, which it did not, and the padding at the end of the\n      slot became an event. The chunk loop above already refuses to call a run of spaces a\n      lost annotation — but it only sees chunks between NULs, and a writer that leaves its\n      last TAL unterminated puts the fill *inside* the chunk, after the final 0x14. Split on\n      that separator it is a text segment like any other, and \" \" is not \"\".\n\n      A file holding two events exported four rows: `0.5,,Lights off,0` and `0.5,,   ,0`,\n      twice, sharing the real event's onset, with annotations_written and the run summary\n      agreeing with the inflated number and nothing warned. An event whose description is\n      genuinely nothing but spaces cannot be told from fill, and inventing rows out of fill\n      is the worse of the two answers.\n    */\n    if ([...raw].every((c) => isPaddingByte(c.charCodeAt(0)))) continue;\n    annotations.push({\n      onset,\n      duration,\n      text: raw,\n      recordIndex,\n      ...(durationUnreadable ? { durationUnreadable: true } : {}),\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Per event rather than per TAL: one TAL may carry several texts, and each becomes a row\n  // of annotations.csv with the same cell in it.\n  return {\n    onset,\n    annotations,\n    unreadableDurations: durationUnreadable ? annotations.length : 0,\n    negativeDurations: durationNegative ? annotations.length : 0,\n  };\n}\n\nexport { SEP_TEXT, SEP_DURATION, TAL_END };\n"]}
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It may carry event text after that,\n * which the specification allows and writers use, so an unreadable one costs a position and\n * whatever events went with it — see `malformedTimekeepingWithText`.\n *\n *   +1.25<0x15>0.5<0x14>Seizure onset<0x14><0x00>\n */\n\nimport { decodeText } from './bytes.js';\n\nconst SEP_TEXT = 0x14; // separates onset/duration from text, and text from text\nconst SEP_DURATION = 0x15; // separates onset from duration\nconst TAL_END = 0x00;\n\nconst TEXT_SEP_CHAR = String.fromCharCode(SEP_TEXT);\nconst DURATION_SEP_CHAR = String.fromCharCode(SEP_DURATION);\n\n/**\n * What EDF+ allows a TAL duration to look like, which is less than `Number()` allows.\n *\n * The header parser's DECIMAL_FIELD makes this argument at length and lists where the same\n * mistake had already been fixed: `#0x2` reaching channel 2 through `--channels`,\n * `--decimals 0o5` writing five places, `--jobs 0x10` running sixteen, a physical maximum of\n * `0x64` setting a whole calibration to 100. The annotation duration is the one field it did\n * not reach. `+1<0x15>0x10<0x14>Seizure` was exported with a duration_s of 16 — sixteen\n * seconds no writer wrote, in a column the documentation defines as the length the file\n * stated, exit 0 and no diagnostic. `0b11` is three the same way.\n *\n * A duration this cannot read is already a thing the parser knows how to say: the field is\n * left empty, counted, and reported. Sending these there costs nothing and states the truth,\n * which is that the file wrote something that is not a number of seconds.\n */\nconst DECIMAL_DURATION = /^[+-]?(?:\\d+(?:\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)(?:[eE][+-]?\\d+)?$/u;\n\nexport interface Annotation {\n  /** Seconds from the start of the recording. */\n  onset: number;\n  /**\n   * Seconds, or null when the TAL stated no duration that could be read.\n   *\n   * Null covers two cases the file distinguishes and this field does not: a TAL that omitted\n   * the duration, and a TAL that stated one which is not a number. They are told apart by\n   * `unreadableDurations`, which is what raises the warning; the value itself has nowhere\n   * honest to put \"the file said `abc`\".\n   */\n  duration: number | null;\n  text: string;\n  /** Index of the data record this annotation was stored in. */\n  recordIndex: number;\n  /**\n   * True when the file stated a duration that could not be read.\n   *\n   * `duration` is null either way, which is the ambiguity the counts beside it exist to\n   * flag — and those counts were of the whole file while `annotations.csv` is filtered to\n   * the requested window. A conversion of one second of a recording warned that \"1\n   * annotation states a duration that is not a number, so its duration_s cell is empty\"\n   * about an event two seconds outside it, and failed `--strict` for it. Carrying the fact\n   * on the event lets the count be taken where the window has already been applied.\n   */\n  durationUnreadable?: boolean;\n}\n\nexport interface DecodedRecordAnnotations {\n  /** Record start time in seconds, from the leading timekeeping TAL. */\n  recordStart: number | null;\n  annotations: Annotation[];\n  /** Non-empty chunks that were not valid TALs, so the caller can report them. */\n  malformed: number;\n  /** Unreadable TALs in first position, which carry a record's start time, not an event. */\n  malformedTimekeeping: number;\n  /**\n   * How many of those also carried event text, and so lost events as well as a position.\n   *\n   * A TAL in first position holds the record's start time, and may hold events after it — the\n   * specification allows both in the one entry, and writers use it. When such a TAL cannot be\n   * parsed, both are gone, and counting it only as lost timekeeping let the warning beside it\n   * say \"No event was lost\" over a conversion that had just dropped four of them.\n   *\n   * Counted rather than inferred, because the sentence has to be right in the ordinary case\n   * too: a bare timekeeping TAL really does lose no event, and that is nearly all of them.\n   */\n  malformedTimekeepingWithText: number;\n  /**\n   * Events kept whose stated duration could not be read.\n   *\n   * Counted apart again, for the same reason the two above are: the entry was exported and\n   * nothing about it is missing except the one field, so calling it an entry that \"could not\n   * be exported\" describes a loss that did not happen and hides the one that did.\n   */\n  unreadableDurations: number;\n  /**\n   * Events kept whose stated duration is a readable number below zero.\n   *\n   * Separate from the count above because the value survives: it is written to the CSV as\n   * the file gave it, and what is wrong with it is arithmetic rather than parsing.\n   */\n  negativeDurations: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * Decode one data record's annotation bytes.\n *\n * Malformed TALs are skipped rather than thrown, because a single bad annotation\n * should not cost the user an entire conversion. The count of skipped chunks is\n * returned so the caller can tell the user rather than losing them in silence.\n */\nexport function decodeRecordAnnotations(\n  bytes: Uint8Array,\n  recordIndex: number,\n  carriesTimekeeping = true,\n): DecodedRecordAnnotations {\n  const annotations: Annotation[] = [];\n  let recordStart: number | null = null;\n  let isFirstTal = true;\n  let malformed = 0;\n  let malformedTimekeeping = 0;\n  let malformedTimekeepingWithText = 0;\n  let unreadableDurations = 0;\n  let negativeDurations = 0;\n\n  let start = 0;\n  for (let i = 0; i <= bytes.length; i++) {\n    if (i !== bytes.length && bytes[i] !== TAL_END) continue;\n\n    if (i > start) {\n      const chunk = bytes.subarray(start, i);\n      /*\n        Padding is not a lost annotation.\n\n        The spec pads the slot with NUL, which the loop above already skips because it is what\n        separates one TAL from the next. Writers pad with spaces instead, and a run of spaces\n        after the last TAL is a non-empty chunk — so a file holding one perfectly readable\n        event, exported in full, was told \"2 annotation entries were unreadable and could not\n        be exported\", one per record. Nothing was lost. Under --strict that is a failed run\n        over the whitespace at the end of a slot.\n\n        Only whitespace. A chunk of anything else that does not parse is a real loss and is\n        still counted, which is the case this warning exists for.\n      */\n      if (chunk.every(isPaddingByte)) {\n        start = i + 1;\n        continue;\n      }\n      const parsed = parseTal(chunk, recordIndex);\n\n      // The timekeeping TAL is the one in first POSITION, whether or not it decodes.\n      // Clearing this flag only on a successful parse meant that an unreadable first TAL\n      // promoted the next ordinary annotation to timekeeping, and its onset silently\n      // became the record's start time — shifting every sample in that record. Leaving\n      // recordStart null instead is what the caller already handles, with a fallback\n      // timestamp and an ANNOTATION_DECODE_FAILED warning naming the record.\n      /*\n        Only one annotation channel carries a record's start time.\n\n        This flagged the first TAL of *every* annotation channel as timekeeping. In a second\n        channel the first TAL is an ordinary event — so when one failed to parse, the event\n        was dropped and counted as a lost timekeeping entry, which produced the warning\n        \"3 data records carry a timekeeping annotation that could not be read\" followed by\n        \"No event was lost\". Three events had been lost, and the timekeeping in that file was\n        perfectly readable. Both sentences false, about the same three records.\n      */\n      const isTimekeeping = isFirstTal && carriesTimekeeping;\n      isFirstTal = false;\n\n      if (parsed) {\n        if (isTimekeeping) recordStart = parsed.onset;\n        for (const annotation of parsed.annotations) annotations.push(annotation);\n        unreadableDurations += parsed.unreadableDurations;\n        negativeDurations += parsed.negativeDurations;\n      } else {\n        /*\n          Counted apart from the events, because losing one is a different loss.\n\n          A timekeeping TAL is never exported — it says where the record sits, not what\n          happened — so counting it among the entries that \"could not be exported\" both\n          overstated what was lost from annotations.csv and said nothing about the thing that\n          actually went missing, which is a record's position in time. A file with one\n          unreadable timekeeping TAL and three perfectly good events reported \"1 annotation\n          entry was unreadable and could not be exported\" while exporting all three.\n\n          The other direction is just as wrong. A first-position TAL may carry events after\n          the start time, and when one of those cannot be parsed the events go with it — so\n          counting it only as lost timekeeping produced the opposite false sentence: \"No event\n          was lost\", printed over a run whose annotations.csv had gone from six rows to two.\n          It is one entry that could not be exported and one record with no position, and it\n          is counted as both.\n        */\n        if (isTimekeeping) {\n          malformedTimekeeping++;\n          if (carriesAnnotationText(chunk)) {\n            malformedTimekeepingWithText++;\n            malformed++;\n          }\n        } else malformed++;\n      }\n    }\n    start = i + 1;\n  }\n\n  return {\n    recordStart,\n    annotations,\n    malformed,\n    malformedTimekeeping,\n    malformedTimekeepingWithText,\n    unreadableDurations,\n    negativeDurations,\n  };\n}\n\ninterface ParsedTal {\n  onset: number;\n  annotations: Annotation[];\n  /** How many of those annotations carry a duration the file stated and this could not read. */\n  unreadableDurations: number;\n  /** How many carry a duration that read as a number below zero. */\n  negativeDurations: number;\n}\n\n/**\n * Whether a TAL that could not be parsed still carried event text.\n *\n * A TAL is `onset[<0x15>duration]<0x14>text<0x14>...`, so anything other than padding after\n * the first 0x14 is a description the file meant to export. Read from the raw chunk, since by\n * the time this is asked the parse has already failed and there is no structure to consult.\n */\nfunction carriesAnnotationText(chunk: Uint8Array): boolean {\n  let afterSeparator = false;\n  for (const byte of chunk) {\n    if (byte === 0x14) {\n      afterSeparator = true;\n      continue;\n    }\n    if (afterSeparator && !isPaddingByte(byte)) return true;\n  }\n  return false;\n}\n\n/** Space, tab, CR, LF or NUL — what a writer fills the rest of the slot with. */\nfunction isPaddingByte(byte: number): boolean {\n  return byte === 0x20 || byte === 0x09 || byte === 0x0d || byte === 0x0a || byte === 0x00;\n}\n\nfunction parseTal(chunk: Uint8Array, recordIndex: number): ParsedTal | null {\n  // The onset must be explicitly signed; anything else is not a TAL.\n  const first = chunk[0];\n  if (first !== 0x2b /* + */ && first !== 0x2d /* - */) return null;\n\n  const text = decodeText(chunk);\n  const parts = text.split(TEXT_SEP_CHAR);\n  const head = parts[0] ?? '';\n\n  let onsetText = head;\n  let durationText: string | null = null;\n  const durationSep = head.indexOf(DURATION_SEP_CHAR);\n  if (durationSep >= 0) {\n    onsetText = head.slice(0, durationSep);\n    durationText = head.slice(durationSep + 1);\n  }\n\n  const onset = Number(onsetText);\n  if (!Number.isFinite(onset)) return null;\n\n  /*\n    A duration the file stated and this could not read is not the same as no duration.\n\n    Both came out as `null` and so as an empty `duration_s` cell, which the documentation\n    defines as meaning the file gave no duration — so an event whose duration was written as\n    `abc` was exported as an event with no duration, indistinguishable from one beside it\n    that genuinely had none, and nothing anywhere said a field had been dropped. The onset is\n    already held to this standard: one that is not a number costs the whole TAL and is\n    reported. A duration is one field of an otherwise readable event, so the event is kept —\n    but it is counted, and the run says so.\n  */\n  /*\n    Fill in the field is an absent duration, not a zero.\n\n    `Number` reads a run of whitespace as 0 — the rule that makes `Number('')` zero, one step\n    along — so a TAL whose duration field held nothing but the writer's padding was exported\n    with a `duration_s` of `0`, byte-identical to the event beside it whose file really did\n    say `0`. An instantaneous event is a claim about the recording, and no writer made it;\n    inventing it is the one thing this tool does not do, and it did so in silence, exit 0.\n\n    The empty field this condition already declines is the same field without the fill in it,\n    so padding takes the same answer: the file stated no duration. `trim` empties exactly the\n    strings `Number` would otherwise have swallowed into a zero, so `  2.5  ` still reads as\n    2.5 and `abc` is still counted as unreadable below.\n  */\n  let duration: number | null = null;\n  let durationUnreadable = false;\n  if (durationText !== null && durationText.trim() !== '') {\n    const stated = durationText.trim();\n    const d = DECIMAL_DURATION.test(stated) ? Number(stated) : NaN;\n    if (Number.isFinite(d)) duration = d;\n    else durationUnreadable = true;\n  }\n\n  /*\n    A duration is a length of time, and a length below zero is not one.\n\n    The value is kept and written as the file gave it — inventing a zero, or dropping it to\n    an empty cell, would put a number in annotations.csv that no writer wrote, which is the\n    one thing this tool does not do. But it is reported, because everything downstream\n    quietly does the wrong thing with it: the recipe this documentation gives for the samples\n    an event covers is `onset_s + duration_s`, which for a duration of -3 ends three seconds\n    before the event starts and selects nothing at all, with no error anywhere.\n  */\n  const durationNegative = duration !== null && duration < 0;\n\n  const annotations: Annotation[] = [];\n  for (const raw of parts.slice(1)) {\n    /*\n      A trailing separator yields an empty segment; a timekeeping TAL is all empty.\n\n      Whitespace counts as empty here, which it did not, and the padding at the end of the\n      slot became an event. The chunk loop above already refuses to call a run of spaces a\n      lost annotation — but it only sees chunks between NULs, and a writer that leaves its\n      last TAL unterminated puts the fill *inside* the chunk, after the final 0x14. Split on\n      that separator it is a text segment like any other, and \" \" is not \"\".\n\n      A file holding two events exported four rows: `0.5,,Lights off,0` and `0.5,,   ,0`,\n      twice, sharing the real event's onset, with annotations_written and the run summary\n      agreeing with the inflated number and nothing warned. An event whose description is\n      genuinely nothing but spaces cannot be told from fill, and inventing rows out of fill\n      is the worse of the two answers.\n    */\n    if ([...raw].every((c) => isPaddingByte(c.charCodeAt(0)))) continue;\n    annotations.push({\n      onset,\n      duration,\n      text: raw,\n      recordIndex,\n      ...(durationUnreadable ? { durationUnreadable: true } : {}),\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Per event rather than per TAL: one TAL may carry several texts, and each becomes a row\n  // of annotations.csv with the same cell in it.\n  return {\n    onset,\n    annotations,\n    unreadableDurations: durationUnreadable ? annotations.length : 0,\n    negativeDurations: durationNegative ? annotations.length : 0,\n  };\n}\n\nexport { SEP_TEXT, SEP_DURATION, TAL_END };\n"]}

package/dist/edf/header.js

@@ -41,13 +41,6 @@ export const ANNOTATIONS_LABEL = 'EDF Annotations';
 export const BDF_ANNOTATIONS_LABEL = 'BDF Annotations';
 export const FIXED_HEADER_BYTES = 256;
 export const SIGNAL_HEADER_BYTES = 256;
-/**
- * A byte the terminal treats as an instruction rather than as text.
- *
- * C0 and C1, plus DEL. Tab is included deliberately: it is harmless to a terminal but it
- * makes a CSV column name that cannot be typed or matched reliably, which is the other half
- * of what this warning is for.
- */
 /**
  * Whether a spreadsheet reads this field as the start of a formula rather than as text.
  *
@@ -78,6 +71,13 @@ function startsFormula(text) {
         return false;
     return !/^[+-](?:\d+(?:\.\d+)?|\.\d+)(?:[eE][+-]?\d+)?$/u.test(text);
 }
+/**
+ * A byte the terminal treats as an instruction rather than as text.
+ *
+ * C0 and C1, plus DEL. Tab is included deliberately: it is harmless to a terminal but it
+ * makes a CSV column name that cannot be typed or matched reliably, which is the other half
+ * of what this warning is for.
+ */
 function isControlCharacter(character) {
     const code = character.codePointAt(0);
     return code <= 0x1f || (code >= 0x7f && code <= 0x9f);

package/dist/edf/header.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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digital maximum\n *     ns * 80   prefiltering\n *     ns *  8   number of samples in each data record\n *     ns * 32   reserved\n */\n\nimport { EdfError } from './errors.js';\nimport type { Diagnostic } from './errors.js';\nimport { counted, listed } from '../format/list.js';\nimport { plain } from '../format/number.js';\n// The shell-quoting rule for a label, shared rather than repeated: this hint and\n// `--channels`' own \"did you mean\" have to print the same command for the same label.\nimport { typeable } from '../convert/channels.js';\nimport { decodeLatin1 } from './bytes.js';\n\n/** Label the EDF+ spec reserves for the annotations channel. */\nexport const ANNOTATIONS_LABEL = 'EDF Annotations';\n/** BDF+ uses its own spelling for the same channel. */\nexport const BDF_ANNOTATIONS_LABEL = 'BDF Annotations';\n\nexport const FIXED_HEADER_BYTES = 256;\nexport const SIGNAL_HEADER_BYTES = 256;\n\nexport interface EdfSignal {\n  /** Position in the file, 0-based. 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Tab is included deliberately: it is harmless to a terminal but it\n * makes a CSV column name that cannot be typed or matched reliably, which is the other half\n * of what this warning is for.\n */\n/**\n * Whether a spreadsheet reads this field as the start of a formula rather than as text.\n *\n * `=` and `@` unconditionally; every list of these characters names two more, and this had\n * `-` as an exception with the reason written out on the warnings page: \"a lone `-` is a\n * real convention for no unit ... and neither is evaluated unless what follows it parses as a\n * formula\". Which is the condition, and it was not being applied — nothing with a leading\n * minus was flagged at all. A channel labelled `-2+3` opens as a column headed `1`, and\n * `-HYPERLINK(\"http://...\",\"EEG\")` is a name the spreadsheet resolves, in silence.\n *\n * So the exception is what it says it is rather than the whole character. A lone `-` is left\n * as text by every spreadsheet and is not flagged; a field that is entirely a number reads as\n * that number, which is what the header says, and is not flagged either. Anything else after\n * the minus is arithmetic or a name.\n *\n * And `+` takes the same exception, which it did not. It is the same rule in the spreadsheet —\n * Lotus compatibility, which converts a leading `+` or `-` to a formula when what follows one\n * parses as a formula and leaves it as text when it does not — so the two signs cannot differ\n * here for a reason that comes from the sign. 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A header written with a comma decimal separator, which\n * COMMA_DECIMAL exists to accept and which the documentation lists this field among, was\n * therefore never given its signal headers at all, and the file died on a message that\n * contradicted itself: \"needs a 768-byte header, but the file is only 848 bytes\".\n *\n * Sharing the parse is what keeps the two from disagreeing again about which files are\n * readable. Null means \"not a usable count\", and the caller reads no further header — the\n * real error then comes from `parseHeader`, which is the one place that decides.\n */\nexport function peekSignalCount(fixed: Uint8Array): number | null {\n  const text = normaliseNumberField(dec(fixed, 252, 4)).text;\n  if (!DECIMAL_FIELD.test(text)) return null;\n  const count = Number(text);\n  return Number.isInteger(count) && count > 0 ? count : null;\n}\n\n/**\n * What EDF allows a numeric field to look like, which is less than `Number()` allows.\n *\n * A sign, digits, an optional fractional part, an optional exponent — the spec's own grammar,\n * plus the exponent form the 8-character physical bounds need to reach a magnetometer's range\n * and which real headers use.\n *\n * `Number()` accepts a great deal more, and every one of those forms is a header this tool\n * would have read as a number nobody wrote. A physical maximum of `0x64` came out as 100: it\n * printed as `-100 to 100` in the channel table, went into channels.csv as `physical_max,100`,\n * and set the gain every sample on that channel was scaled by — a whole calibration invented\n * from four bytes that are not a decimal number, exit 0, no diagnostic. `0b1100100` and `0o144`\n * are the same hundred, and `0x02` in the signal-count field is a two-channel recording.\n *\n * The same mistake as `#0x2` reaching channel 2 through `--channels`, `--decimals 0o5` writing\n * five places and `--jobs 0x10` running sixteen, all of which have their own comments and their\n * own fixes. Those were values somebody typed. These are the fields every number in the output\n * is computed from, and the page describing them says \"all fields are ASCII\" and gives the\n * layout digit by digit.\n */\nconst DECIMAL_FIELD = /^[+-]?(?:\\d+(?:\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)(?:[eE][+-]?\\d+)?$/u;\n\n/** A numeric header field, trimmed and with a comma decimal separator turned into a dot. */\nfunction normaliseNumberField(raw: string): { text: string; sawComma: boolean } {\n  const text = trimField(raw);\n  // Some writers emit a comma decimal separator despite the spec requiring '.'.\n  if (text.includes(',') && !text.includes('.')) {\n    return { text: text.replace(',', '.'), sawComma: true };\n  }\n  return { text, sawComma: false };\n}\n\nfunction parseNumberField(\n  raw: string,\n  field: string,\n  { integer = false, sawComma }: { integer?: boolean; sawComma?: { value: boolean } } = {},\n): number {\n  const normalised = normaliseNumberField(raw);\n  const text = normalised.text;\n  if (normalised.sawComma && sawComma) sawComma.value = true;\n  if (text === '') {\n    throw new EdfError('BAD_HEADER_FIELD', `Header field \"${field}\" is empty.`);\n  }\n  const n = DECIMAL_FIELD.test(text) ? Number(text) : NaN;\n  if (!Number.isFinite(n)) {\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'BAD_HEADER_FIELD',\n      `Header field \"${field}\" is not a number (found ${JSON.stringify(text)}).`,\n      'The file may be truncated, byte-shifted, or not an EDF file at all.',\n    );\n  }\n  if (integer && !Number.isInteger(n)) {\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'BAD_HEADER_FIELD',\n      `Header field \"${field}\" must be a whole number (found ${JSON.stringify(text)}).`,\n    );\n  }\n  return n;\n}\n\n/** Whether the start time names the sixtieth second. See LEAP_SECOND_START. */\nfunction namesLeapSecond(timeRaw: string): boolean {\n  const t = /^(\\d{2})[.:\\-](\\d{2})[.:\\-](\\d{2})$/u.exec(trimField(timeRaw));\n  return t !== null && Number(t[3]) === 60;\n}\n\nconst MONTHS = ['JAN', 'FEB', 'MAR', 'APR', 'MAY', 'JUN', 'JUL', 'AUG', 'SEP', 'OCT', 'NOV', 'DEC'];\n\n/**\n * The date an EDF+ recording ID states, which is the only place the file writes a full year.\n *\n * EDF+ requires the recording identification field to begin `Startdate dd-MMM-yyyy`, and\n * requires it to agree with the header's own date field. It is a four-digit year, so it says\n * something the eight-character date field physically cannot.\n */\nfunction recordingIdStartdate(\n  recordingId: string,\n): { day: number; month: number; year: number } | null {\n  const stated = /^Startdate\\s+(\\d{2})-([A-Za-z]{3})-(\\d{4})(?:\\s|$)/u.exec(recordingId.trim());\n  if (!stated) return null;\n  const month = MONTHS.indexOf((stated[2] as string).toUpperCase()) + 1;\n  if (month === 0) return null;\n  return { day: Number(stated[1]), month, year: Number(stated[3]) };\n}\n\n/**\n * EDF stores a two-digit year. The spec pins the century: 85-99 mean 1985-1999\n * and 00-84 mean 2000-2084. Files outside 1985-2084 cannot express their date.\n *\n * Which is why EDF+ writes it again in full, in the recording identification field, and why\n * that is used here when it is there. The rule alone reports a recording made in 1984 as 2084\n * and one made in 2085 as 1985 — a hundred years out, on a file that states the year plainly\n * four fields earlier. Taken only where the two agree about everything the header can express:\n * the same day, the same month, and a four-digit year ending in the two digits the header\n * wrote. A recording ID that contradicts the header is a different problem and is left to the\n * spec's rule, which is at least the one the format defines.\n */\nfunction resolveStartDateTime(\n  dateRaw: string,\n  timeRaw: string,\n  recordingId = '',\n): Date | null {\n  const d = /^(\\d{2})[.\\-/](\\d{2})[.\\-/](\\d{2})$/u.exec(trimField(dateRaw));\n  const t = /^(\\d{2})[.:\\-](\\d{2})[.:\\-](\\d{2})$/u.exec(trimField(timeRaw));\n  if (!d || !t) return null;\n\n  const dd = Number(d[1]);\n  const mm = Number(d[2]);\n  const yy = Number(d[3]);\n  const hh = Number(t[1]);\n  const mi = Number(t[2]);\n  const ss = Number(t[3]);\n\n  if (mm < 1 || mm > 12 || dd < 1 || dd > 31 || hh > 23 || mi > 59 || ss > 60) return null;\n\n  const stated = recordingIdStartdate(recordingId);\n  const year =\n    stated !== null && stated.day === dd && stated.month === mm && stated.year % 100 === yy\n      ? stated.year\n      : yy >= 85\n        ? 1900 + yy\n        : 2000 + yy;\n  const date = new Date(Date.UTC(year, mm - 1, dd, hh, mi, Math.min(ss, 59)));\n  // Reject dates that rolled over, e.g. 31.02.\n  if (date.getUTCMonth() !== mm - 1 || date.getUTCDate() !== dd) return null;\n  return date;\n}\n\n/**\n * Parse the fixed 256-byte header plus the per-signal header block.\n *\n * @param buf   At least FIXED_HEADER_BYTES + ns * SIGNAL_HEADER_BYTES bytes.\n * @param fileSize Total size of the file on disk, used to derive the real record count.\n */\nexport function parseHeader(buf: Uint8Array, fileSize: number): EdfHeaderInfo {\n  const diagnostics: Diagnostic[] = [];\n  const sawComma = { value: false };\n\n  if (buf.length < FIXED_HEADER_BYTES) {\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'FILE_TOO_SMALL',\n      `File is ${counted(fileSize, 'byte')}; an EDF header alone needs at least ${FIXED_HEADER_BYTES}.`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  // BDF (BioSemi) marks itself with byte 255 followed by 'BIOSEMI', and stores\n  // 3-byte samples instead of 2. Everything else about the layout is identical.\n  const isBdf = buf[0] === 0xff && dec(buf, 1, 7) === 'BIOSEMI';\n  const version = isBdf ? 'BIOSEMI' : trimField(dec(buf, 0, 8));\n\n  const patientId = trimField(dec(buf, 8, 80));\n  const recordingId = trimField(dec(buf, 88, 80));\n  const startDateRaw = trimField(dec(buf, 168, 8));\n  const startTimeRaw = trimField(dec(buf, 176, 8));\n  const headerBytes = parseNumberField(dec(buf, 184, 8), 'number of header bytes', {\n    integer: true,\n    sawComma,\n  });\n  const reserved = trimField(dec(buf, 192, 44));\n  const declaredRecordCount = parseNumberField(dec(buf, 236, 8), 'number of data records', {\n    integer: true,\n    sawComma,\n  });\n  const recordDuration = parseNumberField(dec(buf, 244, 8), 'duration of a data record', {\n    sawComma,\n  });\n  const signalCount = parseNumberField(dec(buf, 252, 4), 'number of signals', {\n    integer: true,\n    sawComma,\n  });\n\n  if (signalCount <= 0) {\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'INVALID_SIGNAL_COUNT',\n      `Header declares ${signalCount} signals; expected at least 1.`,\n    );\n  }\n  if (!(recordDuration > 0)) {\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'INVALID_RECORD_DURATION',\n      `Header declares a data record duration of ${plain(recordDuration)}s; expected a positive number.`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  const expectedHeaderBytes = FIXED_HEADER_BYTES + signalCount * SIGNAL_HEADER_BYTES;\n  if (buf.length < expectedHeaderBytes) {\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'FILE_TOO_SMALL',\n      /*\n        Which of the two is actually short.\n\n        The file size was quoted either way, so a caller that had read too little — the\n        signal count parsed one way here and another way there — produced arithmetic that\n        refuted itself: \"needs a 768-byte header, but the file is only 848 bytes\". A reader\n        following that looks for a truncation that is not there.\n      */\n      `File declares ${counted(signalCount, 'signal')}, which needs a ${expectedHeaderBytes}-byte header, ` +\n        (fileSize < expectedHeaderBytes\n          ? `but the file is only ${fileSize} bytes.`\n          : `but only ${buf.length} bytes of it were handed to the parser.`),\n    );\n  }\n  if (headerBytes !== expectedHeaderBytes) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'HEADER_BYTES_MISMATCH',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `Header says it is ${headerBytes} bytes, but ${counted(signalCount, 'signal')} ` +\n        `${signalCount === 1 ? 'requires' : 'require'} ${expectedHeaderBytes} bytes. ` +\n        `Using the value computed from the signal count.`,\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Signal headers are field-major: all labels, then all transducers, and so on.\n  const base = FIXED_HEADER_BYTES;\n  const readField = (offsetUnits: number, width: number, i: number): string =>\n    dec(buf, base + offsetUnits * signalCount + i * width, width);\n\n  // EDF+ writes 'EDF+C'/'EDF+D' here; BDF+ writes 'BDF+C'/'BDF+D'. The two mean the\n  // same thing, so both are normalised to a single continuity marker.\n  const continuityTag = /^(?:EDF|BDF)\\+([CD])/u.exec(reserved);\n  const continuity: 'EDF+C' | 'EDF+D' | null =\n    continuityTag === null ? null : continuityTag[1] === 'D' ? 'EDF+D' : 'EDF+C';\n\n  const signals: EdfSignal[] = [];\n  let byteOffsetInRecord = 0;\n  const bytesPerSample = isBdf ? 3 : 2;\n  const seenLabels = new Map<string, number[]>();\n  const emptyLabels: number[] = [];\n\n  for (let i = 0; i < signalCount; i++) {\n    const label = trimField(readField(0, 16, i));\n    const transducer = trimField(readField(16, 80, i));\n    const physicalDimension = trimField(readField(96, 8, i));\n    const physicalMin = parseNumberField(readField(104, 8, i), `physical minimum (signal ${i})`, {\n      sawComma,\n    });\n    const physicalMax = parseNumberField(readField(112, 8, i), `physical maximum (signal ${i})`, {\n      sawComma,\n    });\n    const digitalMin = parseNumberField(readField(120, 8, i), `digital minimum (signal ${i})`, {\n      integer: true,\n      sawComma,\n    });\n    const digitalMax = parseNumberField(readField(128, 8, i), `digital maximum (signal ${i})`, {\n      integer: true,\n      sawComma,\n    });\n    const prefiltering = trimField(readField(136, 80, i));\n    const samplesPerRecord = parseNumberField(\n      readField(216, 8, i),\n      `samples per record (signal ${i})`,\n      { integer: true, sawComma },\n    );\n    const sigReserved = trimField(readField(224, 32, i));\n\n    if (samplesPerRecord < 0) {\n      throw new EdfError(\n        'BAD_HEADER_FIELD',\n        `Signal ${i} (\"${label}\") declares ${samplesPerRecord} samples per record.`,\n      );\n    }\n\n    const isAnnotations = label === ANNOTATIONS_LABEL || label === BDF_ANNOTATIONS_LABEL;\n\n    signals.push({\n      index: i,\n      label,\n      transducer,\n      physicalDimension,\n      physicalMin,\n      physicalMax,\n      digitalMin,\n      digitalMax,\n      prefiltering,\n      samplesPerRecord,\n      reserved: sigReserved,\n      isAnnotations,\n      samplingRate: samplesPerRecord / recordDuration,\n      byteOffsetInRecord,\n    });\n    byteOffsetInRecord += samplesPerRecord * bytesPerSample;\n\n    if (!isAnnotations) {\n      /*\n        A label is free text out of the file, and it becomes a column name in signals.csv.\n\n        `--info` has escaped control bytes since it was written, because an ANSI escape in a\n        header can drive the reader's terminal — `\\x1b[2J` clears the screen. The CSV had no\n        such protection and needed none for correctness: quoting makes any byte safe for a\n        parser, and this still passes the label through exactly as the file gives it, because\n        losing what the header says is not an improvement.\n\n        What was missing is the sentence saying so. A recording whose channel is labelled\n        `\\x1b[2Jgone` converted with no warning at all, and `cat signals.csv` then cleared\n        the terminal — while a script referencing that column by name carried an invisible\n        control character in it. NONPRINTABLE_LABEL has been declared and documented as\n        reserved since 0.1; this is it doing its job.\n      */\n      /*\n        Which of the two fields carries them, because the consequences are not the same.\n\n        The message said \"label or unit\", and then said the bytes \"will appear in the CSV\n        column name\" and that \"the name cannot be typed\" — both of which are about the label.\n        A channel labelled plainly `ECG` in a unit of `u\\x07V` got all of it: its column is\n        `ECG`, `--channels ECG` selects it and exits 0, and the byte is in channels.csv's\n        `unit` cell, which the warning never mentioned. Three sentences, none of them true of\n        the file that raised it, on a warning whose whole purpose is to say where an invisible\n        byte went.\n      */\n      /*\n        All four free-text fields, not the two that were checked.\n\n        `transducer` and `prefiltering` are free text out of the header exactly as the label\n        and the unit are, and they land in channels.csv exactly as the unit does — so an ESC\n        byte in a transducer field reached the CSV raw with nothing said, and `cat\n        channels.csv` would drive the terminal. That is the hazard this warning exists for,\n        two columns over. 0.5.71 made it name which field carries them; this is the rest of\n        the fields it can name.\n      */\n      const fields = [\n        ['label', label],\n        ['unit', physicalDimension],\n        ['transducer', transducer],\n        ['prefiltering', prefiltering],\n      ] as const;\n      const affected = fields.filter(([, text]) => [...text].some(isControlCharacter));\n      const control = affected.flatMap(([, text]) => [...text].filter(isControlCharacter));\n      if (control.length > 0) {\n        const shown = [...new Set(control)]\n          .map((c) => `\\\\x${(c.codePointAt(0) as number).toString(16).padStart(2, '0')}`)\n          .join(', ');\n        const plural = control.length === 1 ? '' : 's';\n        const inLabel = affected.some(([name]) => name === 'label');\n        // \"label and unit\", not \"label, unit\" — `listed` is for long enumerations that get\n        // truncated, and this is a sentence with at most four items in it.\n        const names = affected.map(([name]) => name);\n        const named =\n          names.length === 1\n            ? (names[0] as string)\n            : `${names.slice(0, -1).join(', ')} and ${names[names.length - 1] as string}`;\n        // Where they land, which is the question the reader has. A label becomes a column\n        // name in signals.csv; the other three are cells of channels.csv and nothing else.\n        // Named down to the cell when there is one of them, because that is the answer to\n        // \"where did it go\" — `channels.csv` alone leaves a reader scanning fourteen columns.\n        const cells = affected.filter(([name]) => name !== 'label').map(([name]) => name);\n        const where =\n          cells.length === 1 ? `channels.csv's ${cells[0] as string} cell` : 'channels.csv';\n        const lands =\n          inLabel && cells.length > 0\n            ? `which will appear in the CSV column name and in ${where}`\n            : inLabel\n              ? 'which will appear in the CSV column name'\n              : `which will appear in ${where}`;\n        diagnostics.push({\n          code: 'NONPRINTABLE_LABEL',\n          severity: 'warning',\n          message:\n            `Signal ${i}'s ${named} ${affected.length === 1 ? 'contains' : 'contain'} ` +\n            `${control.length} control character${plural} (${shown}), ${lands} exactly as the ` +\n            `header has ${control.length === 1 ? 'it' : 'them'}.`,\n          hint:\n            /*\n              Every branch has to print a command that works.\n\n              The middle one quoted the label back, which is right until the label is empty:\n              an unlabelled channel got `--channels \"\"`, and that exits 2 with \"--channels was\n              given but lists no channel names\". A hint whose command fails is worse than no\n              hint, and this warning's whole job is to say how to reach a channel whose header\n              text you cannot type. `EMPTY_LABEL` already says the position is the only way in\n              for such a channel; so does this now.\n\n              A comma is the third way. `--channels` separates names with one, and splits on\n              every occurrence, so a channel labelled `EEG Fpz-Cz, ref` cannot be selected by\n              name at all: the quoted-back advice printed `--channels \"EEG Fpz-Cz, ref\"`, which\n              exits 2 with `No channel named \"EEG Fpz-Cz\"` — a channel the file does not have,\n              named after half of one it does. Commas in labels are ordinary, since EDF labels\n              are free text, and the CSV header quotes them; only this one hint claimed\n              something about them that isn't so.\n            */\n            /*\n              And a fourth way, which this branch printed straight past.\n\n              A shell expands `$`, a backtick and a backslash inside double quotes, so a\n              channel labelled `EEG $ref` was answered with `--channels \"EEG $ref\"` — which\n              arrives as `EEG ` and exits 2 on a channel the file does not have. A backtick\n              opens a command substitution and the pasted line does not even finish. That is\n              the failure 0.7.18 fixed for `--channels`' own suggestion, and `typeable` is the\n              rule it fixed it with: double quotes where they survive, single quotes where\n              they do not, null where nothing does. Asking it settles which branch this takes\n              as well, so the two cannot disagree about one label again.\n            */\n            (typeable(label) === null\n              ? `Address the channel by position with --channels \"#${i}\" rather than by name, ` +\n                `since ${\n                  inLabel\n                    ? 'the name cannot be typed'\n                    : label === ''\n                      ? 'it has no label'\n                      : 'a comma in the label would read as two names'\n                }. `\n              : `The column name is unaffected, so --channels ${typeable(label) as string} still selects it. `) +\n            'Printing the CSV to a terminal may do more than print it.',\n        });\n      }\n\n      /*\n        Header text a spreadsheet will run rather than read.\n\n        The same four free-text fields, asked a different question. `=`, `+` and `@` start a\n        formula in Excel, LibreOffice and Sheets no matter which file the cell came from, and\n        these fields land in a CSV header row and in channels.csv verbatim — so a channel\n        labelled `=1+1` opens as a column headed 2, and `=HYPERLINK(...)` opens as a link\n        nobody in the reading chain wrote. SECURITY.md already calls these fields\n        attacker-controlled because they reach filenames; this is where they reach a program\n        that executes text.\n\n        Not `-`, which the same advice usually includes. A lone `-` is a real convention for\n        \"no unit\" and appears in the fixtures, a leading `-` on a montage label is ordinary,\n        and neither is executed unless what follows parses as a formula — so warning on it\n        would fire on files that are fine, which is how a warning gets ignored.\n\n        Said, not fixed. Prefixing the cell with a quote is the usual mitigation and would mean\n        writing something the header does not say, which is the one thing this tool refuses to\n        do; NONPRINTABLE_LABEL answers control bytes the same way.\n      */\n      const formulaic = fields.filter(([, text]) => startsFormula(text));\n      if (formulaic.length > 0) {\n        const names = formulaic.map(([name]) => name);\n        const named =\n          names.length === 1\n            ? (names[0] as string)\n            : `${names.slice(0, -1).join(', ')} and ${names[names.length - 1] as string}`;\n        const shown = [...new Set(formulaic.map(([, text]) => text[0] as string))].join(', ');\n        diagnostics.push({\n          code: 'FORMULA_LABEL',\n          severity: 'warning',\n          message:\n            `Signal ${i}'s ${named} ${formulaic.length === 1 ? 'starts' : 'start'} with ` +\n            `${shown}, which Excel, LibreOffice and Google Sheets read as the start of a ` +\n            `formula rather than as text.`,\n          hint:\n            'The text is written exactly as the header has it, so the cell is what the ' +\n            'recording says. Open the CSV with pandas or R, or import it into the ' +\n            'spreadsheet as text, if you do not want it evaluated.',\n        });\n      }\n\n      if (label === '') {\n        // Collected, not reported here: what this channel's column ends up called depends on\n        // whether some later channel is literally labelled `signal_<i>`, and inside this loop\n        // the later channels do not exist yet. See the pass below.\n        emptyLabels.push(i);\n      } else {\n        // Collected rather than reported here: a label repeated five times should\n        // produce one warning naming all five, not four near-identical pairs.\n        const seen = seenLabels.get(label);\n        if (seen) seen.push(i);\n        else seenLabels.set(label, [i]);\n      }\n\n      if (samplesPerRecord === 0) {\n        diagnostics.push({\n          code: 'NO_SAMPLES',\n          severity: 'warning',\n          message: `Signal ${i} (\"${label}\") carries no samples at all (0 per data record).`,\n          hint: 'It is described in channels.csv but left out of the converted data.',\n        });\n      }\n\n      /*\n        Too large to represent, and too small — the second was silent.\n\n        The gain is the span divided by the digital range, and a span of 2e-320 over 65,535\n        codes is 3e-325: below the smallest subnormal double, so it underflows to +0. The\n        scaler's flat-range branch then handed every code the same physical value, and a\n        channel of 65,536 distinct readings became one repeated number with nothing raised at\n        all. One power of ten away, at 1e-319, the same file raises VALUE_RESOLUTION.\n\n        Both are the same fact about the header — the span cannot be turned into a mapping —\n        so both get this code, and both leave the cells empty rather than filling them with a\n        value the header cannot justify.\n      */\n      const span = physicalMax - physicalMin;\n      const underflowed = span !== 0 && span / (digitalMax - digitalMin) === 0;\n      if (!Number.isFinite(span) || underflowed) {\n        diagnostics.push({\n          code: 'UNUSABLE_PHYSICAL_RANGE',\n          severity: 'warning',\n          message:\n            `Signal ${i} (\"${label}\") declares a physical range from ${physicalMin} to ` +\n            `${physicalMax}, whose span is too ${underflowed ? 'small' : 'large'} to ` +\n            `represent, so its values cannot be scaled.`,\n          hint: 'Its cells are left empty rather than filled with a value the header cannot justify.',\n        });\n      } else if (digitalMax === digitalMin) {\n        diagnostics.push({\n          code: 'DEGENERATE_DIGITAL_RANGE',\n          severity: 'warning',\n          message:\n            `Signal ${i} (\"${label}\") has digital minimum equal to digital maximum ` +\n            `(${digitalMin}), so its values cannot be scaled.`,\n          hint: 'Its cells are left empty rather than filled with a value the header cannot justify.',\n        });\n      } else if (physicalMax === physicalMin) {\n        diagnostics.push({\n          code: 'DEGENERATE_PHYSICAL_RANGE',\n          severity: 'warning',\n          message:\n            `Signal ${i} (\"${label}\") has physical minimum equal to physical maximum ` +\n            `(${physicalMin}), so every sample converts to the same value.`,\n        });\n      } else if ((physicalMax - physicalMin) * (digitalMax - digitalMin) < 0) {\n        /*\n          Polarity is inverted when the gain is negative, and the gain is\n          (physicalMax - physicalMin) / (digitalMax - digitalMin) — so it is the sign of the\n          two spans together that matters, not the physical pair alone.\n\n          Testing only `physicalMax < physicalMin` was wrong in both directions. A file with\n          its DIGITAL bounds reversed is just as inverted and drew no warning at all, handing\n          back sign-flipped EEG with nothing to indicate it. A file with BOTH pairs reversed\n          has a positive gain and is not inverted, yet was warned about — a message that was\n          simply untrue of that recording.\n        */\n        const reversed =\n          physicalMax < physicalMin\n            ? `physical minimum ${physicalMin} above physical maximum ${physicalMax}`\n            : `digital minimum ${digitalMin} above digital maximum ${digitalMax}`;\n        diagnostics.push({\n          code: 'INVERTED_PHYSICAL_RANGE',\n          severity: 'warning',\n          message: `Signal ${i} (\"${label}\") declares ${reversed}, which inverts its polarity.`,\n          hint: 'The values are converted exactly as the header specifies, inversion included.',\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /*\n    What an unlabelled channel is actually called, which the message used to guess.\n\n    A channel with no label takes `signal_<index>` — unless another channel is literally\n    labelled that, which EDF permits, since labels are free text and nothing enforces anything\n    about them. Then both collide and both are suffixed. The warning said \"It will appear as\n    \"signal_0\"\" while the file's header read `time_s,signal_0_ch0,signal_0_ch1`: the one\n    sentence the run printed named a column that exists in neither signals.csv nor\n    channels.csv.\n\n    The other half was silent. The channel that genuinely carries the label `signal_0` lost\n    its own column name to a collision with a synthesised one, and nothing said so —\n    DUPLICATE_LABEL did not fire, because the two labels are not the same label. Both halves\n    are one sentence here, because they are one event.\n\n    No specific suffixed name is quoted. The suffix rule has a second pass for names that are\n    still shared afterwards, and a message that hard-coded `_ch<index>` would be guessing again\n    in exactly the way this is fixing.\n  */\n  for (const index of emptyLabels) {\n    const taken = seenLabels.get(`signal_${index}`);\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'EMPTY_LABEL',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        taken === undefined\n          ? `Signal ${index} has no label. It will appear as \"signal_${index}\".`\n          : `Signal ${index} has no label, so it takes the name \"signal_${index}\" — which ` +\n            `${taken.length === 1 ? 'signal' : 'signals'} ${listed(taken.map(String))} already ` +\n            `${taken.length === 1 ? 'carries' : 'carry'} as a label, so both columns are ` +\n            `suffixed with their position instead.`,\n    });\n  }\n\n  /*\n    A timestamp that is not one.\n\n    EDF gives the start date and time eight characters each, and nothing stops a writer\n    putting `32.13.99` and `25.61.61` there. `--info` has always echoed the raw fields with\n    \"(unparseable)\" beside them, but nothing was raised: the conversion exited 0, `--strict`\n    passed, and metadata.json recorded `start_datetime_local: null` with no note against it.\n\n    Every other unusable header field reports itself — a degenerate digital range, a physical\n    span that cannot be represented, a comma decimal separator, a header whose declared size\n    disagrees with its signal count. This was the one that did not, and it is the field\n    output-files points at for turning `time_s` into an absolute instant.\n  */\n  /*\n    The sixtieth second, which is a second UTC has and a calendar date does not.\n\n    `resolveStartDateTime` admits `ss === 60` on purpose — a recorder synchronised to UTC\n    through a leap second writes `23.59.60`, and refusing it would throw away a date that is\n    otherwise perfectly good over one second. What it then does is `Math.min(ss, 59)`, because\n    `Date.UTC(..., 60)` rolls over into the next minute and would move the instant the other\n    way, by fifty-nine seconds more.\n\n    Keeping the nearest instant is the right answer. Keeping it in silence was not: `--info`\n    printed `Recorded 2020-01-01 23:59:59` and metadata.json recorded the same, for a header\n    that says `23.59.60`, with `--strict` exiting 0. Every other header field this tool cannot\n    represent exactly says so — a comma decimal separator, a physical span that overflows, a\n    record count that disagrees with the file — and this is the field `time_s` is documented as\n    being added to.\n  */\n  if (\n    namesLeapSecond(startTimeRaw) &&\n    resolveStartDateTime(startDateRaw, startTimeRaw, recordingId) !== null\n  ) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'LEAP_SECOND_START',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `The header's start time (\"${startTimeRaw}\") names the sixtieth second of a minute, ` +\n        `which no calendar date has.`,\n      hint:\n        'It is recorded as the fifty-ninth second, one second earlier, since that is the ' +\n        'nearest instant a date can hold. time_s is unaffected — it counts from the start of ' +\n        'the recording either way.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  /*\n    Two dates in one header, disagreeing.\n\n    EDF+ requires the recording identification field's `Startdate` to be the header's start\n    date. Where it is, its four digits settle the century — see resolveStartDateTime. Where it\n    is not, one of the two is wrong and there is no way to tell which, so the date field is\n    used, being the one the format defines. That was done in silence, on a header that plainly\n    contradicts itself:\n\n        Recorded   2002-03-02 22:15:00\n        Recording  Startdate 05-MAR-2002 PSG-1234/2002 NN Telemetry03\n\n    The same shape as a record count that disagrees with the file, or a declared header size\n    that disagrees with the signal count, both of which have said so for versions.\n  */\n  const statedDate = recordingIdStartdate(recordingId);\n  const headerDate = /^(\\d{2})[.\\-/](\\d{2})[.\\-/](\\d{2})$/u.exec(trimField(startDateRaw));\n  if (statedDate !== null && headerDate !== null) {\n    const day = Number(headerDate[1]);\n    const month = Number(headerDate[2]);\n    const yy = Number(headerDate[3]);\n    if (statedDate.day !== day || statedDate.month !== month || statedDate.year % 100 !== yy) {\n      diagnostics.push({\n        code: 'START_DATE_MISMATCH',\n        severity: 'warning',\n        message:\n          `The header's start date (\"${startDateRaw}\") and the date its recording ` +\n          `identification states (\"${String(statedDate.day).padStart(2, '0')}-` +\n          `${MONTHS[statedDate.month - 1] as string}-${statedDate.year}\") are different ` +\n          `dates, which EDF+ does not permit.`,\n        hint:\n          'The start date field is used, since that is the one the format defines. Which of ' +\n          'the two is right is not knowable from the file, so start_datetime_local may name ' +\n          'the wrong day.',\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (resolveStartDateTime(startDateRaw, startTimeRaw, recordingId) === null) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'START_TIME_UNREADABLE',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `The header's start date and time (\"${startDateRaw}\" and ` +\n        `\"${startTimeRaw}\") are not a date and a time, so the recording has ` +\n        `no start instant.`,\n      hint:\n        'time_s is unaffected — it counts from the start of the recording either way. What ' +\n        'cannot be done is turning it into a wall-clock instant, and metadata.json records ' +\n        'start_datetime_local as null.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  for (const [label, indices] of seenLabels) {\n    if (indices.length < 2) continue;\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'DUPLICATE_LABEL',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      /*\n        Cut by the function that cuts every other list in a sentence here.\n\n        `join` names all of them, however many there are, and a header may declare as many\n        channels as it likes under one label: a 200-channel montage all labelled `T8-P8` — which\n        is exactly the kind of file this warning is for, since CHB-MIT ships two of them —\n        produced a single 1,100-character line of positions with the sentence that mattered at\n        the front of it. `listed` shows eight and counts the rest, which is what the rate\n        warning, the leftover-file warning, the channel-position lists in `--channels` and the\n        `EMPTY_LABEL` message one loop up all already do. This was the last `join` of a\n        file-controlled list left in a diagnostic.\n\n        Two positions render identically either way, so the ordinary duplicate reads as it\n        always has.\n      */\n      /*\n        Positions written `#N`, which is how a position is written everywhere it is meant to be\n        typed: `--channels \"#0\"`, \"This file has signal channels at #0, #1, #2\", and this\n        warning's own namesake from channel selection — \"(positions #0, #1); all of them were\n        selected\". This one said \"(positions 0, 1)\", two paragraphs above the page that tells\n        the reader to \"address it by position with #N\". The number is the same; the form that\n        works is not.\n      */\n      message: `${indices.length} signals share the label \"${label}\" (positions ${listed(indices.map((i) => `#${i}`))}).`,\n      hint: 'Their columns are suffixed with the signal number so they stay distinguishable.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  const recordBytes = byteOffsetInRecord;\n  if (recordBytes <= 0) {\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'NO_SAMPLES',\n      'No signal in this file carries any samples (every channel declares 0 samples per record).',\n    );\n  }\n\n  if (sawComma.value) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'COMMA_DECIMAL',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message: 'Some header numbers use a comma decimal separator, which the EDF spec does not allow.',\n      hint: 'They were read as decimal points. Check the values in the channel table.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  const dataBytes = fileSize - expectedHeaderBytes;\n  if (dataBytes < 0) {\n    throw new EdfError('FILE_TOO_SMALL', `File is smaller than its own header.`);\n  }\n  const recordCount = Math.floor(dataBytes / recordBytes);\n  const trailingBytes = dataBytes - recordCount * recordBytes;\n\n  if (recordCount === 0) {\n    /*\n      Which of the two, and with the numbers.\n\n      \"The recording was probably interrupted before any data was written\" is right about an\n      empty file and wrong about the other way to get here: a header declaring records larger\n      than the data present. A 606 KB file holding 589 KB of samples — 60% of one record, more\n      than half a million readings — was told no data was written, and the message carried no\n      figures at all, so nothing in it could be checked against the file. The declared record\n      size is the thing to look at, and it was the one thing not said.\n\n      Still an error either way. A record is the unit the format is addressed in, and there is\n      nothing smaller to convert.\n    */\n    const empty = dataBytes === 0;\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'NO_DATA_RECORDS',\n      empty\n        ? 'The file contains a header and no data at all.'\n        : `The file contains ${counted(dataBytes, 'byte')} of data, which is less than the ` +\n          `${recordBytes} its header says one data record takes.`,\n      empty\n        ? 'The recording was probably interrupted before any data was written.'\n        : 'Either the recording was cut short part way through its first record, or the ' +\n          'header describes records larger than the ones actually written. Check the ' +\n          'samples-per-record fields against the file size.',\n    );\n  }\n\n  if (declaredRecordCount === -1) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'RECORD_COUNT_UNKNOWN',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `The header does not say how many data records the file has (-1), which the spec allows ` +\n        `for recordings still in progress. Using the ${counted(recordCount, 'record')} the file actually contains.`,\n    });\n  } else if (declaredRecordCount !== recordCount) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'RECORD_COUNT_MISMATCH',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `The header declares ${declaredRecordCount} data records but the file contains ` +\n        `${recordCount}. Converting the ${counted(recordCount, 'record')} that ${recordCount === 1 ? 'is' : 'are'} present.`,\n      hint:\n        declaredRecordCount > recordCount\n          ? 'The recording looks truncated. It may have been cut short or copied incompletely.'\n          : 'The file is longer than its header claims.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  if (trailingBytes > 0) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'TRAILING_BYTES',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message: `${counted(trailingBytes, 'byte')} after the last complete data record ${trailingBytes === 1 ? 'was' : 'were'} ignored.`,\n    });\n  }\n\n  const isEdfPlus = continuity !== null;\n  if (continuity === 'EDF+D') {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'DISCONTINUOUS',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `This is a discontinuous (${isBdf ? 'BDF+D' : 'EDF+D'}) recording: its data records are ` +\n        `not contiguous in time.`,\n      hint: 'Each row carries its true recording time, so gaps stay visible instead of being closed.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  const dataSignals = signals.filter((s) => !s.isAnnotations);\n  if (dataSignals.length === 0) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'NO_SIGNAL_CHANNELS',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message: 'This file has no signal channels; it contains only EDF+ annotations.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  // A channel declaring zero samples per record has no sampling rate to speak of — it is\n  // reported separately as NO_SAMPLES and no file is written for it. Counting its nominal\n  // 0 Hz as a rate made a single-rate recording warn that it used \"2 different sampling\n  // rates (4 Hz, 0 Hz)\" and claim it was splitting output it never split.\n  const rates = new Set(dataSignals.filter((s) => s.samplesPerRecord > 0).map((s) => s.samplingRate));\n  if (rates.size > 1) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'MIXED_SAMPLING_RATES',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `Channels use ${rates.size} different sampling rates ` +\n        `(${listed(formatRates([...rates].sort((a, b) => b - a)).map((r) => `${r} Hz`))}).`,\n      hint: 'They are written to one file per rate so no channel is resampled.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  return {\n    header: {\n      version,\n      patientId,\n      recordingId,\n      startDateRaw,\n      startTimeRaw,\n      startDateTime: resolveStartDateTime(startDateRaw, startTimeRaw, recordingId),\n      headerBytes: expectedHeaderBytes,\n      declaredHeaderBytes: headerBytes,\n      reserved,\n      isEdfPlus,\n      isBdf,\n      continuity,\n      declaredRecordCount,\n      recordDuration,\n      signalCount,\n      signals,\n      bytesPerSample,\n      recordBytes,\n    },\n    recordCount,\n    trailingBytes,\n    diagnostics,\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * The recording start as a zone-less wall clock, \"YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS\".\n *\n * EDF stores the start time as local wall-clock digits with no timezone anywhere in\n * the format. `startDateTime` is built with Date.UTC purely so those digits survive a\n * round trip unshifted, which makes it a carrier for the wall clock rather than a\n * real instant. Serialising it with `toISOString()` would append a Z and assert UTC,\n * and any reader converting to local time would then shift the recording by their own\n * offset: 13:43:04 in the file becomes 08:43:04 in New York. The Z is omitted because\n * the file genuinely does not say which zone it meant.\n */\nexport function formatWallClock(date: Date | null): string | null {\n  if (!date) return null;\n  return date.toISOString().slice(0, 19);\n}\n\n/**\n * The recording's format, as `--info`, `metadata.json` and `--json` all name it.\n *\n * `\"EDF\"`, `\"BDF\"`, or one of `\"EDF+ (continuous)\"`, `\"EDF+ (discontinuous)\"`,\n * `\"BDF+ (continuous)\"`, `\"BDF+ (discontinuous)\"`. A BDF+ file reports its own spelling even\n * though `continuity` normalises the marker to the `EDF+` form.\n *\n * This said `EDF+ (EDF+D)` and `BDF+ (EDF+C)`, which are not strings it can return — the\n * parenthetical is the word, not the marker. It is a one-line doc comment on a public export,\n * so it is what a TypeScript consumer's editor shows and what `dist/edf/header.d.ts` ships,\n * and the value it describes is `recording.format` in every metadata.json this tool writes.\n * A consumer branching on the tooltip's spelling never matches. Every documentation page had\n * it right; this was the only place that did not.\n */\nexport function describeFormat(header: EdfHeader): string {\n  const base = header.isBdf ? 'BDF' : 'EDF';\n  if (!header.isEdfPlus) return base;\n  return `${base}+ (${header.continuity === 'EDF+D' ? 'discontinuous' : 'continuous'})`;\n}\n\n/** Render a sampling rate without trailing noise: 256, 0.5, 12.5. */\nexport function formatRate(hz: number): string {\n  if (Number.isInteger(hz)) {\n    /*\n      The same six decimals, in the notation `toFixed` cannot reach.\n\n      Every double past 2^53 is an integer, so this branch takes every large rate — and\n      `String` switches to exponent form at 1e21 and carries the full seventeen digits with\n      it. Four samples in a record of 1e-300s is 3.9999999999999996e+300, which is exactly the\n      float noise the rounding below exists to remove, printed in a `RATE` column of otherwise\n      plain numbers and pasted into an output filename by `rateSlug`. Below 1e21 `String` is\n      already exact and is left alone, so an integer rate a file can really state — 2^53\n      samples in a second — is not rounded to something it is not.\n    */\n    const text = String(hz);\n    return text.includes('e') ? String(Number(hz.toExponential(6))) : text;\n  }\n  const rounded = Number(hz.toFixed(6));\n  // A rate below 5e-7 rounds away to \"0\", which reads as \"this channel has no sampling\n  // rate\" and made the mixed-rate warning contradict itself: it announced two different\n  // rates and then printed both as \"0 Hz\". Exponent form keeps a real rate legible, and\n  // keeps distinct rates distinct in the channel table and in output filenames.\n  if (rounded === 0) return hz.toExponential(3);\n  return String(rounded);\n}\n\n/**\n * Renders a group of rates so that rates which differ read as differing.\n *\n * `formatRate` rounds to six decimals, which is what keeps an ordinary rate free of\n * float noise — 30 samples in a 0.1-second record is 299.99999999999994 as a double,\n * and belongs on screen as 300. Two rates separated by less than that round to one\n * string, so a file carrying 1e-6 Hz and 1.25e-6 Hz warned that it used \"2 different\n * sampling rates (0.000001 Hz, 0.000001 Hz)\" and named both files the same thing.\n *\n * That is the contradiction the exponent fallback above already removes for rates that\n * round away to zero; this is the same one a step further out. On a collision every rate\n * in the group switches to its shortest exact form, which is unique for distinct values,\n * rather than only the pair that collided — one column in one notation reads better than\n * two.\n */\nexport function formatRates(rates: readonly number[]): string[] {\n  const rounded = rates.map(formatRate);\n  const distinct = new Set(rates).size;\n  return new Set(rounded).size === distinct ? rounded : rates.map((hz) => String(hz));\n}\n"]}
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A channel labelled `+100` was warned about as\n * something a spreadsheet \"reads as the start of a formula rather than as text\", over a cell\n * that opens as 100, which is what the header says; `-100` beside it said nothing, and under\n * `--strict` the difference was an exit code. `+1+1` is still arithmetic and still flagged.\n */\nfunction startsFormula(text: string): boolean {\n  if (/^[=@]/u.test(text)) return true;\n  if (!/^[+-]./u.test(text)) return false;\n  return !/^[+-](?:\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?|\\.\\d+)(?:[eE][+-]?\\d+)?$/u.test(text);\n}\n\n/**\n * A byte the terminal treats as an instruction rather than as text.\n *\n * C0 and C1, plus DEL. Tab is included deliberately: it is harmless to a terminal but it\n * makes a CSV column name that cannot be typed or matched reliably, which is the other half\n * of what this warning is for.\n */\nfunction isControlCharacter(character: string): boolean {\n  const code = character.codePointAt(0) as number;\n  return code <= 0x1f || (code >= 0x7f && code <= 0x9f);\n}\n\nconst dec = (buf: Uint8Array, start: number, len: number): string =>\n  decodeLatin1(buf, start, start + len);\n\n/** EDF fields are space-padded; trailing NULs also occur in files written by sloppy tools. */\nconst trimField = (s: string): string => s.replace(/[\\0\\s]+$/u, '').replace(/^\\s+/u, '');\n\n/**\n * How many signals the fixed header says there are, read exactly as `parseHeader` will.\n *\n * `EdfFile.open` needs this before it can know how much header to read, and it used to work\n * it out with its own `Number(...)` — which was NUL-tolerant but not comma-tolerant, unlike\n * every other numeric field here. A header written with a comma decimal separator, which\n * COMMA_DECIMAL exists to accept and which the documentation lists this field among, was\n * therefore never given its signal headers at all, and the file died on a message that\n * contradicted itself: \"needs a 768-byte header, but the file is only 848 bytes\".\n *\n * Sharing the parse is what keeps the two from disagreeing again about which files are\n * readable. Null means \"not a usable count\", and the caller reads no further header — the\n * real error then comes from `parseHeader`, which is the one place that decides.\n */\nexport function peekSignalCount(fixed: Uint8Array): number | null {\n  const text = normaliseNumberField(dec(fixed, 252, 4)).text;\n  if (!DECIMAL_FIELD.test(text)) return null;\n  const count = Number(text);\n  return Number.isInteger(count) && count > 0 ? count : null;\n}\n\n/**\n * What EDF allows a numeric field to look like, which is less than `Number()` allows.\n *\n * A sign, digits, an optional fractional part, an optional exponent — the spec's own grammar,\n * plus the exponent form the 8-character physical bounds need to reach a magnetometer's range\n * and which real headers use.\n *\n * `Number()` accepts a great deal more, and every one of those forms is a header this tool\n * would have read as a number nobody wrote. A physical maximum of `0x64` came out as 100: it\n * printed as `-100 to 100` in the channel table, went into channels.csv as `physical_max,100`,\n * and set the gain every sample on that channel was scaled by — a whole calibration invented\n * from four bytes that are not a decimal number, exit 0, no diagnostic. `0b1100100` and `0o144`\n * are the same hundred, and `0x02` in the signal-count field is a two-channel recording.\n *\n * The same mistake as `#0x2` reaching channel 2 through `--channels`, `--decimals 0o5` writing\n * five places and `--jobs 0x10` running sixteen, all of which have their own comments and their\n * own fixes. Those were values somebody typed. These are the fields every number in the output\n * is computed from, and the page describing them says \"all fields are ASCII\" and gives the\n * layout digit by digit.\n */\nconst DECIMAL_FIELD = /^[+-]?(?:\\d+(?:\\.\\d*)?|\\.\\d+)(?:[eE][+-]?\\d+)?$/u;\n\n/** A numeric header field, trimmed and with a comma decimal separator turned into a dot. */\nfunction normaliseNumberField(raw: string): { text: string; sawComma: boolean } {\n  const text = trimField(raw);\n  // Some writers emit a comma decimal separator despite the spec requiring '.'.\n  if (text.includes(',') && !text.includes('.')) {\n    return { text: text.replace(',', '.'), sawComma: true };\n  }\n  return { text, sawComma: false };\n}\n\nfunction parseNumberField(\n  raw: string,\n  field: string,\n  { integer = false, sawComma }: { integer?: boolean; sawComma?: { value: boolean } } = {},\n): number {\n  const normalised = normaliseNumberField(raw);\n  const text = normalised.text;\n  if (normalised.sawComma && sawComma) sawComma.value = true;\n  if (text === '') {\n    throw new EdfError('BAD_HEADER_FIELD', `Header field \"${field}\" is empty.`);\n  }\n  const n = DECIMAL_FIELD.test(text) ? Number(text) : NaN;\n  if (!Number.isFinite(n)) {\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'BAD_HEADER_FIELD',\n      `Header field \"${field}\" is not a number (found ${JSON.stringify(text)}).`,\n      'The file may be truncated, byte-shifted, or not an EDF file at all.',\n    );\n  }\n  if (integer && !Number.isInteger(n)) {\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'BAD_HEADER_FIELD',\n      `Header field \"${field}\" must be a whole number (found ${JSON.stringify(text)}).`,\n    );\n  }\n  return n;\n}\n\n/** Whether the start time names the sixtieth second. See LEAP_SECOND_START. */\nfunction namesLeapSecond(timeRaw: string): boolean {\n  const t = /^(\\d{2})[.:\\-](\\d{2})[.:\\-](\\d{2})$/u.exec(trimField(timeRaw));\n  return t !== null && Number(t[3]) === 60;\n}\n\nconst MONTHS = ['JAN', 'FEB', 'MAR', 'APR', 'MAY', 'JUN', 'JUL', 'AUG', 'SEP', 'OCT', 'NOV', 'DEC'];\n\n/**\n * The date an EDF+ recording ID states, which is the only place the file writes a full year.\n *\n * EDF+ requires the recording identification field to begin `Startdate dd-MMM-yyyy`, and\n * requires it to agree with the header's own date field. It is a four-digit year, so it says\n * something the eight-character date field physically cannot.\n */\nfunction recordingIdStartdate(\n  recordingId: string,\n): { day: number; month: number; year: number } | null {\n  const stated = /^Startdate\\s+(\\d{2})-([A-Za-z]{3})-(\\d{4})(?:\\s|$)/u.exec(recordingId.trim());\n  if (!stated) return null;\n  const month = MONTHS.indexOf((stated[2] as string).toUpperCase()) + 1;\n  if (month === 0) return null;\n  return { day: Number(stated[1]), month, year: Number(stated[3]) };\n}\n\n/**\n * EDF stores a two-digit year. The spec pins the century: 85-99 mean 1985-1999\n * and 00-84 mean 2000-2084. Files outside 1985-2084 cannot express their date.\n *\n * Which is why EDF+ writes it again in full, in the recording identification field, and why\n * that is used here when it is there. The rule alone reports a recording made in 1984 as 2084\n * and one made in 2085 as 1985 — a hundred years out, on a file that states the year plainly\n * four fields earlier. Taken only where the two agree about everything the header can express:\n * the same day, the same month, and a four-digit year ending in the two digits the header\n * wrote. A recording ID that contradicts the header is a different problem and is left to the\n * spec's rule, which is at least the one the format defines.\n */\nfunction resolveStartDateTime(\n  dateRaw: string,\n  timeRaw: string,\n  recordingId = '',\n): Date | null {\n  const d = /^(\\d{2})[.\\-/](\\d{2})[.\\-/](\\d{2})$/u.exec(trimField(dateRaw));\n  const t = /^(\\d{2})[.:\\-](\\d{2})[.:\\-](\\d{2})$/u.exec(trimField(timeRaw));\n  if (!d || !t) return null;\n\n  const dd = Number(d[1]);\n  const mm = Number(d[2]);\n  const yy = Number(d[3]);\n  const hh = Number(t[1]);\n  const mi = Number(t[2]);\n  const ss = Number(t[3]);\n\n  if (mm < 1 || mm > 12 || dd < 1 || dd > 31 || hh > 23 || mi > 59 || ss > 60) return null;\n\n  const stated = recordingIdStartdate(recordingId);\n  const year =\n    stated !== null && stated.day === dd && stated.month === mm && stated.year % 100 === yy\n      ? stated.year\n      : yy >= 85\n        ? 1900 + yy\n        : 2000 + yy;\n  const date = new Date(Date.UTC(year, mm - 1, dd, hh, mi, Math.min(ss, 59)));\n  // Reject dates that rolled over, e.g. 31.02.\n  if (date.getUTCMonth() !== mm - 1 || date.getUTCDate() !== dd) return null;\n  return date;\n}\n\n/**\n * Parse the fixed 256-byte header plus the per-signal header block.\n *\n * @param buf   At least FIXED_HEADER_BYTES + ns * SIGNAL_HEADER_BYTES bytes.\n * @param fileSize Total size of the file on disk, used to derive the real record count.\n */\nexport function parseHeader(buf: Uint8Array, fileSize: number): EdfHeaderInfo {\n  const diagnostics: Diagnostic[] = [];\n  const sawComma = { value: false };\n\n  if (buf.length < FIXED_HEADER_BYTES) {\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'FILE_TOO_SMALL',\n      `File is ${counted(fileSize, 'byte')}; an EDF header alone needs at least ${FIXED_HEADER_BYTES}.`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  // BDF (BioSemi) marks itself with byte 255 followed by 'BIOSEMI', and stores\n  // 3-byte samples instead of 2. Everything else about the layout is identical.\n  const isBdf = buf[0] === 0xff && dec(buf, 1, 7) === 'BIOSEMI';\n  const version = isBdf ? 'BIOSEMI' : trimField(dec(buf, 0, 8));\n\n  const patientId = trimField(dec(buf, 8, 80));\n  const recordingId = trimField(dec(buf, 88, 80));\n  const startDateRaw = trimField(dec(buf, 168, 8));\n  const startTimeRaw = trimField(dec(buf, 176, 8));\n  const headerBytes = parseNumberField(dec(buf, 184, 8), 'number of header bytes', {\n    integer: true,\n    sawComma,\n  });\n  const reserved = trimField(dec(buf, 192, 44));\n  const declaredRecordCount = parseNumberField(dec(buf, 236, 8), 'number of data records', {\n    integer: true,\n    sawComma,\n  });\n  const recordDuration = parseNumberField(dec(buf, 244, 8), 'duration of a data record', {\n    sawComma,\n  });\n  const signalCount = parseNumberField(dec(buf, 252, 4), 'number of signals', {\n    integer: true,\n    sawComma,\n  });\n\n  if (signalCount <= 0) {\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'INVALID_SIGNAL_COUNT',\n      `Header declares ${signalCount} signals; expected at least 1.`,\n    );\n  }\n  if (!(recordDuration > 0)) {\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'INVALID_RECORD_DURATION',\n      `Header declares a data record duration of ${plain(recordDuration)}s; expected a positive number.`,\n    );\n  }\n\n  const expectedHeaderBytes = FIXED_HEADER_BYTES + signalCount * SIGNAL_HEADER_BYTES;\n  if (buf.length < expectedHeaderBytes) {\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'FILE_TOO_SMALL',\n      /*\n        Which of the two is actually short.\n\n        The file size was quoted either way, so a caller that had read too little — the\n        signal count parsed one way here and another way there — produced arithmetic that\n        refuted itself: \"needs a 768-byte header, but the file is only 848 bytes\". A reader\n        following that looks for a truncation that is not there.\n      */\n      `File declares ${counted(signalCount, 'signal')}, which needs a ${expectedHeaderBytes}-byte header, ` +\n        (fileSize < expectedHeaderBytes\n          ? `but the file is only ${fileSize} bytes.`\n          : `but only ${buf.length} bytes of it were handed to the parser.`),\n    );\n  }\n  if (headerBytes !== expectedHeaderBytes) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'HEADER_BYTES_MISMATCH',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `Header says it is ${headerBytes} bytes, but ${counted(signalCount, 'signal')} ` +\n        `${signalCount === 1 ? 'requires' : 'require'} ${expectedHeaderBytes} bytes. ` +\n        `Using the value computed from the signal count.`,\n    });\n  }\n\n  // Signal headers are field-major: all labels, then all transducers, and so on.\n  const base = FIXED_HEADER_BYTES;\n  const readField = (offsetUnits: number, width: number, i: number): string =>\n    dec(buf, base + offsetUnits * signalCount + i * width, width);\n\n  // EDF+ writes 'EDF+C'/'EDF+D' here; BDF+ writes 'BDF+C'/'BDF+D'. The two mean the\n  // same thing, so both are normalised to a single continuity marker.\n  const continuityTag = /^(?:EDF|BDF)\\+([CD])/u.exec(reserved);\n  const continuity: 'EDF+C' | 'EDF+D' | null =\n    continuityTag === null ? null : continuityTag[1] === 'D' ? 'EDF+D' : 'EDF+C';\n\n  const signals: EdfSignal[] = [];\n  let byteOffsetInRecord = 0;\n  const bytesPerSample = isBdf ? 3 : 2;\n  const seenLabels = new Map<string, number[]>();\n  const emptyLabels: number[] = [];\n\n  for (let i = 0; i < signalCount; i++) {\n    const label = trimField(readField(0, 16, i));\n    const transducer = trimField(readField(16, 80, i));\n    const physicalDimension = trimField(readField(96, 8, i));\n    const physicalMin = parseNumberField(readField(104, 8, i), `physical minimum (signal ${i})`, {\n      sawComma,\n    });\n    const physicalMax = parseNumberField(readField(112, 8, i), `physical maximum (signal ${i})`, {\n      sawComma,\n    });\n    const digitalMin = parseNumberField(readField(120, 8, i), `digital minimum (signal ${i})`, {\n      integer: true,\n      sawComma,\n    });\n    const digitalMax = parseNumberField(readField(128, 8, i), `digital maximum (signal ${i})`, {\n      integer: true,\n      sawComma,\n    });\n    const prefiltering = trimField(readField(136, 80, i));\n    const samplesPerRecord = parseNumberField(\n      readField(216, 8, i),\n      `samples per record (signal ${i})`,\n      { integer: true, sawComma },\n    );\n    const sigReserved = trimField(readField(224, 32, i));\n\n    if (samplesPerRecord < 0) {\n      throw new EdfError(\n        'BAD_HEADER_FIELD',\n        `Signal ${i} (\"${label}\") declares ${samplesPerRecord} samples per record.`,\n      );\n    }\n\n    const isAnnotations = label === ANNOTATIONS_LABEL || label === BDF_ANNOTATIONS_LABEL;\n\n    signals.push({\n      index: i,\n      label,\n      transducer,\n      physicalDimension,\n      physicalMin,\n      physicalMax,\n      digitalMin,\n      digitalMax,\n      prefiltering,\n      samplesPerRecord,\n      reserved: sigReserved,\n      isAnnotations,\n      samplingRate: samplesPerRecord / recordDuration,\n      byteOffsetInRecord,\n    });\n    byteOffsetInRecord += samplesPerRecord * bytesPerSample;\n\n    if (!isAnnotations) {\n      /*\n        A label is free text out of the file, and it becomes a column name in signals.csv.\n\n        `--info` has escaped control bytes since it was written, because an ANSI escape in a\n        header can drive the reader's terminal — `\\x1b[2J` clears the screen. The CSV had no\n        such protection and needed none for correctness: quoting makes any byte safe for a\n        parser, and this still passes the label through exactly as the file gives it, because\n        losing what the header says is not an improvement.\n\n        What was missing is the sentence saying so. A recording whose channel is labelled\n        `\\x1b[2Jgone` converted with no warning at all, and `cat signals.csv` then cleared\n        the terminal — while a script referencing that column by name carried an invisible\n        control character in it. NONPRINTABLE_LABEL has been declared and documented as\n        reserved since 0.1; this is it doing its job.\n      */\n      /*\n        Which of the two fields carries them, because the consequences are not the same.\n\n        The message said \"label or unit\", and then said the bytes \"will appear in the CSV\n        column name\" and that \"the name cannot be typed\" — both of which are about the label.\n        A channel labelled plainly `ECG` in a unit of `u\\x07V` got all of it: its column is\n        `ECG`, `--channels ECG` selects it and exits 0, and the byte is in channels.csv's\n        `unit` cell, which the warning never mentioned. Three sentences, none of them true of\n        the file that raised it, on a warning whose whole purpose is to say where an invisible\n        byte went.\n      */\n      /*\n        All four free-text fields, not the two that were checked.\n\n        `transducer` and `prefiltering` are free text out of the header exactly as the label\n        and the unit are, and they land in channels.csv exactly as the unit does — so an ESC\n        byte in a transducer field reached the CSV raw with nothing said, and `cat\n        channels.csv` would drive the terminal. That is the hazard this warning exists for,\n        two columns over. 0.5.71 made it name which field carries them; this is the rest of\n        the fields it can name.\n      */\n      const fields = [\n        ['label', label],\n        ['unit', physicalDimension],\n        ['transducer', transducer],\n        ['prefiltering', prefiltering],\n      ] as const;\n      const affected = fields.filter(([, text]) => [...text].some(isControlCharacter));\n      const control = affected.flatMap(([, text]) => [...text].filter(isControlCharacter));\n      if (control.length > 0) {\n        const shown = [...new Set(control)]\n          .map((c) => `\\\\x${(c.codePointAt(0) as number).toString(16).padStart(2, '0')}`)\n          .join(', ');\n        const plural = control.length === 1 ? '' : 's';\n        const inLabel = affected.some(([name]) => name === 'label');\n        // \"label and unit\", not \"label, unit\" — `listed` is for long enumerations that get\n        // truncated, and this is a sentence with at most four items in it.\n        const names = affected.map(([name]) => name);\n        const named =\n          names.length === 1\n            ? (names[0] as string)\n            : `${names.slice(0, -1).join(', ')} and ${names[names.length - 1] as string}`;\n        // Where they land, which is the question the reader has. A label becomes a column\n        // name in signals.csv; the other three are cells of channels.csv and nothing else.\n        // Named down to the cell when there is one of them, because that is the answer to\n        // \"where did it go\" — `channels.csv` alone leaves a reader scanning fourteen columns.\n        const cells = affected.filter(([name]) => name !== 'label').map(([name]) => name);\n        const where =\n          cells.length === 1 ? `channels.csv's ${cells[0] as string} cell` : 'channels.csv';\n        const lands =\n          inLabel && cells.length > 0\n            ? `which will appear in the CSV column name and in ${where}`\n            : inLabel\n              ? 'which will appear in the CSV column name'\n              : `which will appear in ${where}`;\n        diagnostics.push({\n          code: 'NONPRINTABLE_LABEL',\n          severity: 'warning',\n          message:\n            `Signal ${i}'s ${named} ${affected.length === 1 ? 'contains' : 'contain'} ` +\n            `${control.length} control character${plural} (${shown}), ${lands} exactly as the ` +\n            `header has ${control.length === 1 ? 'it' : 'them'}.`,\n          hint:\n            /*\n              Every branch has to print a command that works.\n\n              The middle one quoted the label back, which is right until the label is empty:\n              an unlabelled channel got `--channels \"\"`, and that exits 2 with \"--channels was\n              given but lists no channel names\". A hint whose command fails is worse than no\n              hint, and this warning's whole job is to say how to reach a channel whose header\n              text you cannot type. `EMPTY_LABEL` already says the position is the only way in\n              for such a channel; so does this now.\n\n              A comma is the third way. `--channels` separates names with one, and splits on\n              every occurrence, so a channel labelled `EEG Fpz-Cz, ref` cannot be selected by\n              name at all: the quoted-back advice printed `--channels \"EEG Fpz-Cz, ref\"`, which\n              exits 2 with `No channel named \"EEG Fpz-Cz\"` — a channel the file does not have,\n              named after half of one it does. Commas in labels are ordinary, since EDF labels\n              are free text, and the CSV header quotes them; only this one hint claimed\n              something about them that isn't so.\n            */\n            /*\n              And a fourth way, which this branch printed straight past.\n\n              A shell expands `$`, a backtick and a backslash inside double quotes, so a\n              channel labelled `EEG $ref` was answered with `--channels \"EEG $ref\"` — which\n              arrives as `EEG ` and exits 2 on a channel the file does not have. A backtick\n              opens a command substitution and the pasted line does not even finish. That is\n              the failure 0.7.18 fixed for `--channels`' own suggestion, and `typeable` is the\n              rule it fixed it with: double quotes where they survive, single quotes where\n              they do not, null where nothing does. Asking it settles which branch this takes\n              as well, so the two cannot disagree about one label again.\n            */\n            (typeable(label) === null\n              ? `Address the channel by position with --channels \"#${i}\" rather than by name, ` +\n                `since ${\n                  inLabel\n                    ? 'the name cannot be typed'\n                    : label === ''\n                      ? 'it has no label'\n                      : 'a comma in the label would read as two names'\n                }. `\n              : `The column name is unaffected, so --channels ${typeable(label) as string} still selects it. `) +\n            'Printing the CSV to a terminal may do more than print it.',\n        });\n      }\n\n      /*\n        Header text a spreadsheet will run rather than read.\n\n        The same four free-text fields, asked a different question. `=`, `+` and `@` start a\n        formula in Excel, LibreOffice and Sheets no matter which file the cell came from, and\n        these fields land in a CSV header row and in channels.csv verbatim — so a channel\n        labelled `=1+1` opens as a column headed 2, and `=HYPERLINK(...)` opens as a link\n        nobody in the reading chain wrote. SECURITY.md already calls these fields\n        attacker-controlled because they reach filenames; this is where they reach a program\n        that executes text.\n\n        Not `-`, which the same advice usually includes. A lone `-` is a real convention for\n        \"no unit\" and appears in the fixtures, a leading `-` on a montage label is ordinary,\n        and neither is executed unless what follows parses as a formula — so warning on it\n        would fire on files that are fine, which is how a warning gets ignored.\n\n        Said, not fixed. Prefixing the cell with a quote is the usual mitigation and would mean\n        writing something the header does not say, which is the one thing this tool refuses to\n        do; NONPRINTABLE_LABEL answers control bytes the same way.\n      */\n      const formulaic = fields.filter(([, text]) => startsFormula(text));\n      if (formulaic.length > 0) {\n        const names = formulaic.map(([name]) => name);\n        const named =\n          names.length === 1\n            ? (names[0] as string)\n            : `${names.slice(0, -1).join(', ')} and ${names[names.length - 1] as string}`;\n        const shown = [...new Set(formulaic.map(([, text]) => text[0] as string))].join(', ');\n        diagnostics.push({\n          code: 'FORMULA_LABEL',\n          severity: 'warning',\n          message:\n            `Signal ${i}'s ${named} ${formulaic.length === 1 ? 'starts' : 'start'} with ` +\n            `${shown}, which Excel, LibreOffice and Google Sheets read as the start of a ` +\n            `formula rather than as text.`,\n          hint:\n            'The text is written exactly as the header has it, so the cell is what the ' +\n            'recording says. Open the CSV with pandas or R, or import it into the ' +\n            'spreadsheet as text, if you do not want it evaluated.',\n        });\n      }\n\n      if (label === '') {\n        // Collected, not reported here: what this channel's column ends up called depends on\n        // whether some later channel is literally labelled `signal_<i>`, and inside this loop\n        // the later channels do not exist yet. See the pass below.\n        emptyLabels.push(i);\n      } else {\n        // Collected rather than reported here: a label repeated five times should\n        // produce one warning naming all five, not four near-identical pairs.\n        const seen = seenLabels.get(label);\n        if (seen) seen.push(i);\n        else seenLabels.set(label, [i]);\n      }\n\n      if (samplesPerRecord === 0) {\n        diagnostics.push({\n          code: 'NO_SAMPLES',\n          severity: 'warning',\n          message: `Signal ${i} (\"${label}\") carries no samples at all (0 per data record).`,\n          hint: 'It is described in channels.csv but left out of the converted data.',\n        });\n      }\n\n      /*\n        Too large to represent, and too small — the second was silent.\n\n        The gain is the span divided by the digital range, and a span of 2e-320 over 65,535\n        codes is 3e-325: below the smallest subnormal double, so it underflows to +0. The\n        scaler's flat-range branch then handed every code the same physical value, and a\n        channel of 65,536 distinct readings became one repeated number with nothing raised at\n        all. One power of ten away, at 1e-319, the same file raises VALUE_RESOLUTION.\n\n        Both are the same fact about the header — the span cannot be turned into a mapping —\n        so both get this code, and both leave the cells empty rather than filling them with a\n        value the header cannot justify.\n      */\n      const span = physicalMax - physicalMin;\n      const underflowed = span !== 0 && span / (digitalMax - digitalMin) === 0;\n      if (!Number.isFinite(span) || underflowed) {\n        diagnostics.push({\n          code: 'UNUSABLE_PHYSICAL_RANGE',\n          severity: 'warning',\n          message:\n            `Signal ${i} (\"${label}\") declares a physical range from ${physicalMin} to ` +\n            `${physicalMax}, whose span is too ${underflowed ? 'small' : 'large'} to ` +\n            `represent, so its values cannot be scaled.`,\n          hint: 'Its cells are left empty rather than filled with a value the header cannot justify.',\n        });\n      } else if (digitalMax === digitalMin) {\n        diagnostics.push({\n          code: 'DEGENERATE_DIGITAL_RANGE',\n          severity: 'warning',\n          message:\n            `Signal ${i} (\"${label}\") has digital minimum equal to digital maximum ` +\n            `(${digitalMin}), so its values cannot be scaled.`,\n          hint: 'Its cells are left empty rather than filled with a value the header cannot justify.',\n        });\n      } else if (physicalMax === physicalMin) {\n        diagnostics.push({\n          code: 'DEGENERATE_PHYSICAL_RANGE',\n          severity: 'warning',\n          message:\n            `Signal ${i} (\"${label}\") has physical minimum equal to physical maximum ` +\n            `(${physicalMin}), so every sample converts to the same value.`,\n        });\n      } else if ((physicalMax - physicalMin) * (digitalMax - digitalMin) < 0) {\n        /*\n          Polarity is inverted when the gain is negative, and the gain is\n          (physicalMax - physicalMin) / (digitalMax - digitalMin) — so it is the sign of the\n          two spans together that matters, not the physical pair alone.\n\n          Testing only `physicalMax < physicalMin` was wrong in both directions. A file with\n          its DIGITAL bounds reversed is just as inverted and drew no warning at all, handing\n          back sign-flipped EEG with nothing to indicate it. A file with BOTH pairs reversed\n          has a positive gain and is not inverted, yet was warned about — a message that was\n          simply untrue of that recording.\n        */\n        const reversed =\n          physicalMax < physicalMin\n            ? `physical minimum ${physicalMin} above physical maximum ${physicalMax}`\n            : `digital minimum ${digitalMin} above digital maximum ${digitalMax}`;\n        diagnostics.push({\n          code: 'INVERTED_PHYSICAL_RANGE',\n          severity: 'warning',\n          message: `Signal ${i} (\"${label}\") declares ${reversed}, which inverts its polarity.`,\n          hint: 'The values are converted exactly as the header specifies, inversion included.',\n        });\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /*\n    What an unlabelled channel is actually called, which the message used to guess.\n\n    A channel with no label takes `signal_<index>` — unless another channel is literally\n    labelled that, which EDF permits, since labels are free text and nothing enforces anything\n    about them. Then both collide and both are suffixed. The warning said \"It will appear as\n    \"signal_0\"\" while the file's header read `time_s,signal_0_ch0,signal_0_ch1`: the one\n    sentence the run printed named a column that exists in neither signals.csv nor\n    channels.csv.\n\n    The other half was silent. The channel that genuinely carries the label `signal_0` lost\n    its own column name to a collision with a synthesised one, and nothing said so —\n    DUPLICATE_LABEL did not fire, because the two labels are not the same label. Both halves\n    are one sentence here, because they are one event.\n\n    No specific suffixed name is quoted. The suffix rule has a second pass for names that are\n    still shared afterwards, and a message that hard-coded `_ch<index>` would be guessing again\n    in exactly the way this is fixing.\n  */\n  for (const index of emptyLabels) {\n    const taken = seenLabels.get(`signal_${index}`);\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'EMPTY_LABEL',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        taken === undefined\n          ? `Signal ${index} has no label. It will appear as \"signal_${index}\".`\n          : `Signal ${index} has no label, so it takes the name \"signal_${index}\" — which ` +\n            `${taken.length === 1 ? 'signal' : 'signals'} ${listed(taken.map(String))} already ` +\n            `${taken.length === 1 ? 'carries' : 'carry'} as a label, so both columns are ` +\n            `suffixed with their position instead.`,\n    });\n  }\n\n  /*\n    A timestamp that is not one.\n\n    EDF gives the start date and time eight characters each, and nothing stops a writer\n    putting `32.13.99` and `25.61.61` there. `--info` has always echoed the raw fields with\n    \"(unparseable)\" beside them, but nothing was raised: the conversion exited 0, `--strict`\n    passed, and metadata.json recorded `start_datetime_local: null` with no note against it.\n\n    Every other unusable header field reports itself — a degenerate digital range, a physical\n    span that cannot be represented, a comma decimal separator, a header whose declared size\n    disagrees with its signal count. This was the one that did not, and it is the field\n    output-files points at for turning `time_s` into an absolute instant.\n  */\n  /*\n    The sixtieth second, which is a second UTC has and a calendar date does not.\n\n    `resolveStartDateTime` admits `ss === 60` on purpose — a recorder synchronised to UTC\n    through a leap second writes `23.59.60`, and refusing it would throw away a date that is\n    otherwise perfectly good over one second. What it then does is `Math.min(ss, 59)`, because\n    `Date.UTC(..., 60)` rolls over into the next minute and would move the instant the other\n    way, by fifty-nine seconds more.\n\n    Keeping the nearest instant is the right answer. Keeping it in silence was not: `--info`\n    printed `Recorded 2020-01-01 23:59:59` and metadata.json recorded the same, for a header\n    that says `23.59.60`, with `--strict` exiting 0. Every other header field this tool cannot\n    represent exactly says so — a comma decimal separator, a physical span that overflows, a\n    record count that disagrees with the file — and this is the field `time_s` is documented as\n    being added to.\n  */\n  if (\n    namesLeapSecond(startTimeRaw) &&\n    resolveStartDateTime(startDateRaw, startTimeRaw, recordingId) !== null\n  ) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'LEAP_SECOND_START',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `The header's start time (\"${startTimeRaw}\") names the sixtieth second of a minute, ` +\n        `which no calendar date has.`,\n      hint:\n        'It is recorded as the fifty-ninth second, one second earlier, since that is the ' +\n        'nearest instant a date can hold. time_s is unaffected — it counts from the start of ' +\n        'the recording either way.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  /*\n    Two dates in one header, disagreeing.\n\n    EDF+ requires the recording identification field's `Startdate` to be the header's start\n    date. Where it is, its four digits settle the century — see resolveStartDateTime. Where it\n    is not, one of the two is wrong and there is no way to tell which, so the date field is\n    used, being the one the format defines. That was done in silence, on a header that plainly\n    contradicts itself:\n\n        Recorded   2002-03-02 22:15:00\n        Recording  Startdate 05-MAR-2002 PSG-1234/2002 NN Telemetry03\n\n    The same shape as a record count that disagrees with the file, or a declared header size\n    that disagrees with the signal count, both of which have said so for versions.\n  */\n  const statedDate = recordingIdStartdate(recordingId);\n  const headerDate = /^(\\d{2})[.\\-/](\\d{2})[.\\-/](\\d{2})$/u.exec(trimField(startDateRaw));\n  if (statedDate !== null && headerDate !== null) {\n    const day = Number(headerDate[1]);\n    const month = Number(headerDate[2]);\n    const yy = Number(headerDate[3]);\n    if (statedDate.day !== day || statedDate.month !== month || statedDate.year % 100 !== yy) {\n      diagnostics.push({\n        code: 'START_DATE_MISMATCH',\n        severity: 'warning',\n        message:\n          `The header's start date (\"${startDateRaw}\") and the date its recording ` +\n          `identification states (\"${String(statedDate.day).padStart(2, '0')}-` +\n          `${MONTHS[statedDate.month - 1] as string}-${statedDate.year}\") are different ` +\n          `dates, which EDF+ does not permit.`,\n        hint:\n          'The start date field is used, since that is the one the format defines. Which of ' +\n          'the two is right is not knowable from the file, so start_datetime_local may name ' +\n          'the wrong day.',\n      });\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (resolveStartDateTime(startDateRaw, startTimeRaw, recordingId) === null) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'START_TIME_UNREADABLE',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `The header's start date and time (\"${startDateRaw}\" and ` +\n        `\"${startTimeRaw}\") are not a date and a time, so the recording has ` +\n        `no start instant.`,\n      hint:\n        'time_s is unaffected — it counts from the start of the recording either way. What ' +\n        'cannot be done is turning it into a wall-clock instant, and metadata.json records ' +\n        'start_datetime_local as null.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  for (const [label, indices] of seenLabels) {\n    if (indices.length < 2) continue;\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'DUPLICATE_LABEL',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      /*\n        Cut by the function that cuts every other list in a sentence here.\n\n        `join` names all of them, however many there are, and a header may declare as many\n        channels as it likes under one label: a 200-channel montage all labelled `T8-P8` — which\n        is exactly the kind of file this warning is for, since CHB-MIT ships two of them —\n        produced a single 1,100-character line of positions with the sentence that mattered at\n        the front of it. `listed` shows eight and counts the rest, which is what the rate\n        warning, the leftover-file warning, the channel-position lists in `--channels` and the\n        `EMPTY_LABEL` message one loop up all already do. This was the last `join` of a\n        file-controlled list left in a diagnostic.\n\n        Two positions render identically either way, so the ordinary duplicate reads as it\n        always has.\n      */\n      /*\n        Positions written `#N`, which is how a position is written everywhere it is meant to be\n        typed: `--channels \"#0\"`, \"This file has signal channels at #0, #1, #2\", and this\n        warning's own namesake from channel selection — \"(positions #0, #1); all of them were\n        selected\". This one said \"(positions 0, 1)\", two paragraphs above the page that tells\n        the reader to \"address it by position with #N\". The number is the same; the form that\n        works is not.\n      */\n      message: `${indices.length} signals share the label \"${label}\" (positions ${listed(indices.map((i) => `#${i}`))}).`,\n      hint: 'Their columns are suffixed with the signal number so they stay distinguishable.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  const recordBytes = byteOffsetInRecord;\n  if (recordBytes <= 0) {\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'NO_SAMPLES',\n      'No signal in this file carries any samples (every channel declares 0 samples per record).',\n    );\n  }\n\n  if (sawComma.value) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'COMMA_DECIMAL',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message: 'Some header numbers use a comma decimal separator, which the EDF spec does not allow.',\n      hint: 'They were read as decimal points. Check the values in the channel table.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  const dataBytes = fileSize - expectedHeaderBytes;\n  if (dataBytes < 0) {\n    throw new EdfError('FILE_TOO_SMALL', `File is smaller than its own header.`);\n  }\n  const recordCount = Math.floor(dataBytes / recordBytes);\n  const trailingBytes = dataBytes - recordCount * recordBytes;\n\n  if (recordCount === 0) {\n    /*\n      Which of the two, and with the numbers.\n\n      \"The recording was probably interrupted before any data was written\" is right about an\n      empty file and wrong about the other way to get here: a header declaring records larger\n      than the data present. A 606 KB file holding 589 KB of samples — 60% of one record, more\n      than half a million readings — was told no data was written, and the message carried no\n      figures at all, so nothing in it could be checked against the file. The declared record\n      size is the thing to look at, and it was the one thing not said.\n\n      Still an error either way. A record is the unit the format is addressed in, and there is\n      nothing smaller to convert.\n    */\n    const empty = dataBytes === 0;\n    throw new EdfError(\n      'NO_DATA_RECORDS',\n      empty\n        ? 'The file contains a header and no data at all.'\n        : `The file contains ${counted(dataBytes, 'byte')} of data, which is less than the ` +\n          `${recordBytes} its header says one data record takes.`,\n      empty\n        ? 'The recording was probably interrupted before any data was written.'\n        : 'Either the recording was cut short part way through its first record, or the ' +\n          'header describes records larger than the ones actually written. Check the ' +\n          'samples-per-record fields against the file size.',\n    );\n  }\n\n  if (declaredRecordCount === -1) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'RECORD_COUNT_UNKNOWN',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `The header does not say how many data records the file has (-1), which the spec allows ` +\n        `for recordings still in progress. Using the ${counted(recordCount, 'record')} the file actually contains.`,\n    });\n  } else if (declaredRecordCount !== recordCount) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'RECORD_COUNT_MISMATCH',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `The header declares ${declaredRecordCount} data records but the file contains ` +\n        `${recordCount}. Converting the ${counted(recordCount, 'record')} that ${recordCount === 1 ? 'is' : 'are'} present.`,\n      hint:\n        declaredRecordCount > recordCount\n          ? 'The recording looks truncated. It may have been cut short or copied incompletely.'\n          : 'The file is longer than its header claims.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  if (trailingBytes > 0) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'TRAILING_BYTES',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message: `${counted(trailingBytes, 'byte')} after the last complete data record ${trailingBytes === 1 ? 'was' : 'were'} ignored.`,\n    });\n  }\n\n  const isEdfPlus = continuity !== null;\n  if (continuity === 'EDF+D') {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'DISCONTINUOUS',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `This is a discontinuous (${isBdf ? 'BDF+D' : 'EDF+D'}) recording: its data records are ` +\n        `not contiguous in time.`,\n      hint: 'Each row carries its true recording time, so gaps stay visible instead of being closed.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  const dataSignals = signals.filter((s) => !s.isAnnotations);\n  if (dataSignals.length === 0) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'NO_SIGNAL_CHANNELS',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message: 'This file has no signal channels; it contains only EDF+ annotations.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  // A channel declaring zero samples per record has no sampling rate to speak of — it is\n  // reported separately as NO_SAMPLES and no file is written for it. Counting its nominal\n  // 0 Hz as a rate made a single-rate recording warn that it used \"2 different sampling\n  // rates (4 Hz, 0 Hz)\" and claim it was splitting output it never split.\n  const rates = new Set(dataSignals.filter((s) => s.samplesPerRecord > 0).map((s) => s.samplingRate));\n  if (rates.size > 1) {\n    diagnostics.push({\n      code: 'MIXED_SAMPLING_RATES',\n      severity: 'warning',\n      message:\n        `Channels use ${rates.size} different sampling rates ` +\n        `(${listed(formatRates([...rates].sort((a, b) => b - a)).map((r) => `${r} Hz`))}).`,\n      hint: 'They are written to one file per rate so no channel is resampled.',\n    });\n  }\n\n  return {\n    header: {\n      version,\n      patientId,\n      recordingId,\n      startDateRaw,\n      startTimeRaw,\n      startDateTime: resolveStartDateTime(startDateRaw, startTimeRaw, recordingId),\n      headerBytes: expectedHeaderBytes,\n      declaredHeaderBytes: headerBytes,\n      reserved,\n      isEdfPlus,\n      isBdf,\n      continuity,\n      declaredRecordCount,\n      recordDuration,\n      signalCount,\n      signals,\n      bytesPerSample,\n      recordBytes,\n    },\n    recordCount,\n    trailingBytes,\n    diagnostics,\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * The recording start as a zone-less wall clock, \"YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS\".\n *\n * EDF stores the start time as local wall-clock digits with no timezone anywhere in\n * the format. `startDateTime` is built with Date.UTC purely so those digits survive a\n * round trip unshifted, which makes it a carrier for the wall clock rather than a\n * real instant. Serialising it with `toISOString()` would append a Z and assert UTC,\n * and any reader converting to local time would then shift the recording by their own\n * offset: 13:43:04 in the file becomes 08:43:04 in New York. The Z is omitted because\n * the file genuinely does not say which zone it meant.\n */\nexport function formatWallClock(date: Date | null): string | null {\n  if (!date) return null;\n  return date.toISOString().slice(0, 19);\n}\n\n/**\n * The recording's format, as `--info`, `metadata.json` and `--json` all name it.\n *\n * `\"EDF\"`, `\"BDF\"`, or one of `\"EDF+ (continuous)\"`, `\"EDF+ (discontinuous)\"`,\n * `\"BDF+ (continuous)\"`, `\"BDF+ (discontinuous)\"`. A BDF+ file reports its own spelling even\n * though `continuity` normalises the marker to the `EDF+` form.\n *\n * This said `EDF+ (EDF+D)` and `BDF+ (EDF+C)`, which are not strings it can return — the\n * parenthetical is the word, not the marker. It is a one-line doc comment on a public export,\n * so it is what a TypeScript consumer's editor shows and what `dist/edf/header.d.ts` ships,\n * and the value it describes is `recording.format` in every metadata.json this tool writes.\n * A consumer branching on the tooltip's spelling never matches. Every documentation page had\n * it right; this was the only place that did not.\n */\nexport function describeFormat(header: EdfHeader): string {\n  const base = header.isBdf ? 'BDF' : 'EDF';\n  if (!header.isEdfPlus) return base;\n  return `${base}+ (${header.continuity === 'EDF+D' ? 'discontinuous' : 'continuous'})`;\n}\n\n/** Render a sampling rate without trailing noise: 256, 0.5, 12.5. */\nexport function formatRate(hz: number): string {\n  if (Number.isInteger(hz)) {\n    /*\n      The same six decimals, in the notation `toFixed` cannot reach.\n\n      Every double past 2^53 is an integer, so this branch takes every large rate — and\n      `String` switches to exponent form at 1e21 and carries the full seventeen digits with\n      it. Four samples in a record of 1e-300s is 3.9999999999999996e+300, which is exactly the\n      float noise the rounding below exists to remove, printed in a `RATE` column of otherwise\n      plain numbers and pasted into an output filename by `rateSlug`. Below 1e21 `String` is\n      already exact and is left alone, so an integer rate a file can really state — 2^53\n      samples in a second — is not rounded to something it is not.\n    */\n    const text = String(hz);\n    return text.includes('e') ? String(Number(hz.toExponential(6))) : text;\n  }\n  const rounded = Number(hz.toFixed(6));\n  // A rate below 5e-7 rounds away to \"0\", which reads as \"this channel has no sampling\n  // rate\" and made the mixed-rate warning contradict itself: it announced two different\n  // rates and then printed both as \"0 Hz\". Exponent form keeps a real rate legible, and\n  // keeps distinct rates distinct in the channel table and in output filenames.\n  if (rounded === 0) return hz.toExponential(3);\n  return String(rounded);\n}\n\n/**\n * Renders a group of rates so that rates which differ read as differing.\n *\n * `formatRate` rounds to six decimals, which is what keeps an ordinary rate free of\n * float noise — 30 samples in a 0.1-second record is 299.99999999999994 as a double,\n * and belongs on screen as 300. Two rates separated by less than that round to one\n * string, so a file carrying 1e-6 Hz and 1.25e-6 Hz warned that it used \"2 different\n * sampling rates (0.000001 Hz, 0.000001 Hz)\" and named both files the same thing.\n *\n * That is the contradiction the exponent fallback above already removes for rates that\n * round away to zero; this is the same one a step further out. On a collision every rate\n * in the group switches to its shortest exact form, which is unique for distinct values,\n * rather than only the pair that collided — one column in one notation reads better than\n * two.\n */\nexport function formatRates(rates: readonly number[]): string[] {\n  const rounded = rates.map(formatRate);\n  const distinct = new Set(rates).size;\n  return new Set(rounded).size === distinct ? rounded : rates.map((hz) => String(hz));\n}\n"]}

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "edf2csv",
-  "version": "0.7.203",
+  "version": "0.7.205",
   "description": "Convert EDF, EDF+ and BDF biosignal recordings (European Data Format) to CSV from the command line. Local, streaming, and never resamples or alters units.",
   "keywords": [
     "edf",