duckdb 0.3.3-dev255.0 → 0.3.3-dev286.0

package/src/duckdb.cpp

@@ -2636,33 +2636,6 @@ protected:
 
 } // namespace duckdb
 
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-//                         DuckDB
-//
-// duckdb/parser/keyword_helper.hpp
-//
-//
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-
-
-
-
-
-namespace duckdb {
-
-class KeywordHelper {
-public:
-	//! Returns true if the given text matches a keyword of the parser
-	static bool IsKeyword(const string &text);
-
-	//! Returns true if the given string needs to be quoted when written as an identifier
-	static bool RequiresQuotes(const string &text);
-
-	//! Writes a string that is optionally quoted + escaped so it can be used as an identifier
-	static string WriteOptionallyQuoted(const string &text);
-};
-
-} // namespace duckdb
 
 
 
@@ -3102,14 +3075,7 @@ string TableCatalogEntry::ToSQL() {
 		}
 		auto &column = columns[i];
 		ss << KeywordHelper::WriteOptionallyQuoted(column.name) << " ";
-		switch (column.type.id()) {
-		case LogicalTypeId::ENUM:
-			ss << KeywordHelper::WriteOptionallyQuoted(column.type.ToString());
-			break;
-		default:
-			ss << column.type.ToString();
-			break;
-		}
+		ss << column.type.ToString();
 		bool not_null = not_null_columns.find(column.oid) != not_null_columns.end();
 		bool is_single_key_pk = pk_columns.find(column.oid) != pk_columns.end();
 		bool is_multi_key_pk = multi_key_pks.find(column.name) != multi_key_pks.end();
@@ -5729,8 +5695,6 @@ string ExpressionTypeToString(ExpressionType type) {
 
 string ExpressionTypeToOperator(ExpressionType type) {
 	switch (type) {
-	case ExpressionType::OPERATOR_NOT:
-		return "!";
 	case ExpressionType::COMPARE_EQUAL:
 		return "=";
 	case ExpressionType::COMPARE_NOTEQUAL:
@@ -5743,6 +5707,10 @@ string ExpressionTypeToOperator(ExpressionType type) {
 		return "<=";
 	case ExpressionType::COMPARE_GREATERTHANOREQUALTO:
 		return ">=";
+	case ExpressionType::COMPARE_DISTINCT_FROM:
+		return "IS DISTINCT FROM";
+	case ExpressionType::COMPARE_NOT_DISTINCT_FROM:
+		return "IS NOT DISTINCT FROM";
 	case ExpressionType::CONJUNCTION_AND:
 		return "AND";
 	case ExpressionType::CONJUNCTION_OR:
@@ -18908,6 +18876,2429 @@ struct IntervalToStringCast {
 
 
 
+// LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #4
+// See the end of this file for a list
+
+// duckdb_fast_float by Daniel Lemire
+// duckdb_fast_float by João Paulo Magalhaes
+
+
+// with contributions from Eugene Golushkov
+// with contributions from Maksim Kita
+// with contributions from Marcin Wojdyr
+// with contributions from Neal Richardson
+// with contributions from Tim Paine
+// with contributions from Fabio Pellacini
+
+
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
+// person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+// documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
+// Software without restriction, including without
+// limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+// publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+// the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+// is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+// conditions:
+// 
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice
+// shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+// of the Software.
+// 
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
+// ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+// TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
+// PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+// SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+// CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
+// IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+
+#ifndef FASTFLOAT_FAST_FLOAT_H
+#define FASTFLOAT_FAST_FLOAT_H
+
+#include <system_error>
+
+namespace duckdb_fast_float {
+enum chars_format {
+    scientific = 1<<0,
+    fixed = 1<<2,
+    hex = 1<<3,
+    general = fixed | scientific
+};
+
+
+struct from_chars_result {
+  const char *ptr;
+  std::errc ec;
+};
+
+/**
+ * This function parses the character sequence [first,last) for a number. It parses floating-point numbers expecting
+ * a locale-indepent format equivalent to what is used by std::strtod in the default ("C") locale.
+ * The resulting floating-point value is the closest floating-point values (using either float or double),
+ * using the "round to even" convention for values that would otherwise fall right in-between two values.
+ * That is, we provide exact parsing according to the IEEE standard.
+ *
+ * Given a successful parse, the pointer (`ptr`) in the returned value is set to point right after the
+ * parsed number, and the `value` referenced is set to the parsed value. In case of error, the returned
+ * `ec` contains a representative error, otherwise the default (`std::errc()`) value is stored.
+ *
+ * The implementation does not throw and does not allocate memory (e.g., with `new` or `malloc`).
+ *
+ * Like the C++17 standard, the `duckdb_fast_float::from_chars` functions take an optional last argument of
+ * the type `duckdb_fast_float::chars_format`. It is a bitset value: we check whether
+ * `fmt & duckdb_fast_float::chars_format::fixed` and `fmt & duckdb_fast_float::chars_format::scientific` are set
+ * to determine whether we allowe the fixed point and scientific notation respectively.
+ * The default is  `duckdb_fast_float::chars_format::general` which allows both `fixed` and `scientific`.
+ */
+template<typename T>
+from_chars_result from_chars(const char *first, const char *last,
+                             T &value, chars_format fmt = chars_format::general)  noexcept;
+
+}
+#endif // FASTFLOAT_FAST_FLOAT_H
+
+#ifndef FASTFLOAT_FLOAT_COMMON_H
+#define FASTFLOAT_FLOAT_COMMON_H
+
+#include <cfloat>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#if (defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)   \
+       || defined(__amd64) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64) \
+       || defined(__MINGW64__)                                          \
+       || defined(__s390x__)                                            \
+       || (defined(__ppc64__) || defined(__PPC64__) || defined(__ppc64le__) || defined(__PPC64LE__)) \
+       || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__))
+#define FASTFLOAT_64BIT
+#elif (defined(__i386) || defined(__i386__) || defined(_M_IX86)   \
+     || defined(__arm__) || defined(_M_ARM)                   \
+     || defined(__MINGW32__))
+#define FASTFLOAT_32BIT
+#else
+  // Need to check incrementally, since SIZE_MAX is a size_t, avoid overflow.
+  // We can never tell the register width, but the SIZE_MAX is a good approximation.
+  // UINTPTR_MAX and INTPTR_MAX are optional, so avoid them for max portability.
+  #if SIZE_MAX == 0xffff
+    #error Unknown platform (16-bit, unsupported)
+  #elif SIZE_MAX == 0xffffffff
+    #define FASTFLOAT_32BIT
+  #elif SIZE_MAX == 0xffffffffffffffff
+    #define FASTFLOAT_64BIT
+  #else
+    #error Unknown platform (not 32-bit, not 64-bit?)
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+#if ((defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)) && !defined(__clang__))
+#include <intrin.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+#define FASTFLOAT_VISUAL_STUDIO 1
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define FASTFLOAT_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0
+#else
+#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
+#include <machine/endian.h>
+#elif defined(sun) || defined(__sun)
+#include <sys/byteorder.h>
+#else
+#include <endian.h>
+#endif
+#
+#ifndef __BYTE_ORDER__
+// safe choice
+#define FASTFLOAT_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0
+#endif
+#
+#ifndef __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+// safe choice
+#define FASTFLOAT_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0
+#endif
+#
+#if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+#define FASTFLOAT_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 0
+#else
+#define FASTFLOAT_IS_BIG_ENDIAN 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FASTFLOAT_VISUAL_STUDIO
+#define fastfloat_really_inline __forceinline
+#else
+#define fastfloat_really_inline inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+#endif
+
+namespace duckdb_fast_float {
+
+// Compares two ASCII strings in a case insensitive manner.
+inline bool fastfloat_strncasecmp(const char *input1, const char *input2,
+                                  size_t length) {
+  char running_diff{0};
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+    running_diff |= (input1[i] ^ input2[i]);
+  }
+  return (running_diff == 0) || (running_diff == 32);
+}
+
+#ifndef FLT_EVAL_METHOD
+#error "FLT_EVAL_METHOD should be defined, please include cfloat."
+#endif
+
+namespace {
+constexpr uint32_t max_digits = 768;
+constexpr uint32_t max_digit_without_overflow = 19;
+constexpr int32_t decimal_point_range = 2047;
+} // namespace
+
+struct value128 {
+  uint64_t low;
+  uint64_t high;
+  value128(uint64_t _low, uint64_t _high) : low(_low), high(_high) {}
+  value128() : low(0), high(0) {}
+};
+
+/* result might be undefined when input_num is zero */
+fastfloat_really_inline int leading_zeroes(uint64_t input_num) {
+  assert(input_num > 0);
+#ifdef FASTFLOAT_VISUAL_STUDIO
+  #if defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_ARM64)
+  unsigned long leading_zero = 0;
+  // Search the mask data from most significant bit (MSB)
+  // to least significant bit (LSB) for a set bit (1).
+  _BitScanReverse64(&leading_zero, input_num);
+  return (int)(63 - leading_zero);
+  #else
+  int last_bit = 0;
+  if(input_num & uint64_t(0xffffffff00000000)) input_num >>= 32, last_bit |= 32;
+  if(input_num & uint64_t(        0xffff0000)) input_num >>= 16, last_bit |= 16;
+  if(input_num & uint64_t(            0xff00)) input_num >>=  8, last_bit |=  8;
+  if(input_num & uint64_t(              0xf0)) input_num >>=  4, last_bit |=  4;
+  if(input_num & uint64_t(               0xc)) input_num >>=  2, last_bit |=  2;
+  if(input_num & uint64_t(               0x2)) input_num >>=  1, last_bit |=  1;
+  return 63 - last_bit;
+  #endif
+#else
+  return __builtin_clzll(input_num);
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef FASTFLOAT_32BIT
+
+// slow emulation routine for 32-bit
+fastfloat_really_inline uint64_t emulu(uint32_t x, uint32_t y) {
+    return x * (uint64_t)y;
+}
+
+// slow emulation routine for 32-bit
+#if !defined(__MINGW64__)
+fastfloat_really_inline uint64_t _umul128(uint64_t ab, uint64_t cd,
+                                          uint64_t *hi) {
+  uint64_t ad = emulu((uint32_t)(ab >> 32), (uint32_t)cd);
+  uint64_t bd = emulu((uint32_t)ab, (uint32_t)cd);
+  uint64_t adbc = ad + emulu((uint32_t)ab, (uint32_t)(cd >> 32));
+  uint64_t adbc_carry = !!(adbc < ad);
+  uint64_t lo = bd + (adbc << 32);
+  *hi = emulu((uint32_t)(ab >> 32), (uint32_t)(cd >> 32)) + (adbc >> 32) +
+        (adbc_carry << 32) + !!(lo < bd);
+  return lo;
+}
+#endif // !__MINGW64__
+
+#endif // FASTFLOAT_32BIT
+
+
+// compute 64-bit a*b
+fastfloat_really_inline value128 full_multiplication(uint64_t a,
+                                                     uint64_t b) {
+  value128 answer;
+#ifdef _M_ARM64
+  // ARM64 has native support for 64-bit multiplications, no need to emulate
+  answer.high = __umulh(a, b);
+  answer.low = a * b;
+#elif defined(FASTFLOAT_32BIT) || (defined(_WIN64) && !defined(__clang__))
+  answer.low = _umul128(a, b, &answer.high); // _umul128 not available on ARM64
+#elif defined(FASTFLOAT_64BIT)
+  __uint128_t r = ((__uint128_t)a) * b;
+  answer.low = uint64_t(r);
+  answer.high = uint64_t(r >> 64);
+#else
+  #error Not implemented
+#endif
+  return answer;
+}
+
+
+struct adjusted_mantissa {
+  uint64_t mantissa{0};
+  int power2{0}; // a negative value indicates an invalid result
+  adjusted_mantissa() = default;
+  bool operator==(const adjusted_mantissa &o) const {
+    return mantissa == o.mantissa && power2 == o.power2;
+  }
+  bool operator!=(const adjusted_mantissa &o) const {
+    return mantissa != o.mantissa || power2 != o.power2;
+  }
+};
+
+struct decimal {
+  uint32_t num_digits{0};
+  int32_t decimal_point{0};
+  bool negative{false};
+  bool truncated{false};
+  uint8_t digits[max_digits];
+  decimal() = default;
+  // Copies are not allowed since this is a fat object.
+  decimal(const decimal &) = delete;
+  // Copies are not allowed since this is a fat object.
+  decimal &operator=(const decimal &) = delete;
+  // Moves are allowed:
+  decimal(decimal &&) = default;
+  decimal &operator=(decimal &&other) = default;
+};
+
+constexpr static double powers_of_ten_double[] = {
+    1e0,  1e1,  1e2,  1e3,  1e4,  1e5,  1e6,  1e7,  1e8,  1e9,  1e10, 1e11,
+    1e12, 1e13, 1e14, 1e15, 1e16, 1e17, 1e18, 1e19, 1e20, 1e21, 1e22};
+constexpr static float powers_of_ten_float[] = {1e0, 1e1, 1e2, 1e3, 1e4, 1e5,
+                                                1e6, 1e7, 1e8, 1e9, 1e10};
+
+template <typename T> struct binary_format {
+  static inline constexpr int mantissa_explicit_bits();
+  static inline constexpr int minimum_exponent();
+  static inline constexpr int infinite_power();
+  static inline constexpr int sign_index();
+  static inline constexpr int min_exponent_fast_path();
+  static inline constexpr int max_exponent_fast_path();
+  static inline constexpr int max_exponent_round_to_even();
+  static inline constexpr int min_exponent_round_to_even();
+  static inline constexpr uint64_t max_mantissa_fast_path();
+  static inline constexpr int largest_power_of_ten();
+  static inline constexpr int smallest_power_of_ten();
+  static inline constexpr T exact_power_of_ten(int64_t power);
+};
+
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<double>::mantissa_explicit_bits() {
+  return 52;
+}
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<float>::mantissa_explicit_bits() {
+  return 23;
+}
+
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<double>::max_exponent_round_to_even() {
+  return 23;
+}
+
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<float>::max_exponent_round_to_even() {
+  return 10;
+}
+
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<double>::min_exponent_round_to_even() {
+  return -4;
+}
+
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<float>::min_exponent_round_to_even() {
+  return -17;
+}
+
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<double>::minimum_exponent() {
+  return -1023;
+}
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<float>::minimum_exponent() {
+  return -127;
+}
+
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<double>::infinite_power() {
+  return 0x7FF;
+}
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<float>::infinite_power() {
+  return 0xFF;
+}
+
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<double>::sign_index() { return 63; }
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<float>::sign_index() { return 31; }
+
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<double>::min_exponent_fast_path() {
+#if (FLT_EVAL_METHOD != 1) && (FLT_EVAL_METHOD != 0)
+  return 0;
+#else
+  return -22;
+#endif
+}
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<float>::min_exponent_fast_path() {
+#if (FLT_EVAL_METHOD != 1) && (FLT_EVAL_METHOD != 0)
+  return 0;
+#else
+  return -10;
+#endif
+}
+
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<double>::max_exponent_fast_path() {
+  return 22;
+}
+template <> inline constexpr int binary_format<float>::max_exponent_fast_path() {
+  return 10;
+}
+
+template <> inline constexpr uint64_t binary_format<double>::max_mantissa_fast_path() {
+  return uint64_t(2) << mantissa_explicit_bits();
+}
+template <> inline constexpr uint64_t binary_format<float>::max_mantissa_fast_path() {
+  return uint64_t(2) << mantissa_explicit_bits();
+}
+
+template <>
+inline constexpr double binary_format<double>::exact_power_of_ten(int64_t power) {
+  return powers_of_ten_double[power];
+}
+template <>
+inline constexpr float binary_format<float>::exact_power_of_ten(int64_t power) {
+
+  return powers_of_ten_float[power];
+}
+
+
+template <>
+inline constexpr int binary_format<double>::largest_power_of_ten() {
+  return 308;
+}
+template <>
+inline constexpr int binary_format<float>::largest_power_of_ten() {
+  return 38;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline constexpr int binary_format<double>::smallest_power_of_ten() {
+  return -342;
+}
+template <>
+inline constexpr int binary_format<float>::smallest_power_of_ten() {
+  return -65;
+}
+
+} // namespace duckdb_fast_float
+
+// for convenience:
+template<class OStream>
+inline OStream& operator<<(OStream &out, const duckdb_fast_float::decimal &d) {
+  out << "0.";
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < d.num_digits; i++) {
+    out << int32_t(d.digits[i]);
+  }
+  out << " * 10 ** " << d.decimal_point;
+  return out;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef FASTFLOAT_ASCII_NUMBER_H
+#define FASTFLOAT_ASCII_NUMBER_H
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+
+
+namespace duckdb_fast_float {
+
+// Next function can be micro-optimized, but compilers are entirely
+// able to optimize it well.
+fastfloat_really_inline bool is_integer(char c)  noexcept  { return c >= '0' && c <= '9'; }
+
+fastfloat_really_inline uint64_t byteswap(uint64_t val) {
+  return (val & 0xFF00000000000000) >> 56
+    | (val & 0x00FF000000000000) >> 40
+    | (val & 0x0000FF0000000000) >> 24
+    | (val & 0x000000FF00000000) >> 8
+    | (val & 0x00000000FF000000) << 8
+    | (val & 0x0000000000FF0000) << 24
+    | (val & 0x000000000000FF00) << 40
+    | (val & 0x00000000000000FF) << 56;
+}
+
+fastfloat_really_inline uint64_t read_u64(const char *chars) {
+  uint64_t val;
+  ::memcpy(&val, chars, sizeof(uint64_t));
+#if FASTFLOAT_IS_BIG_ENDIAN == 1
+  // Need to read as-if the number was in little-endian order.
+  val = byteswap(val);
+#endif
+  return val;
+}
+
+fastfloat_really_inline void write_u64(uint8_t *chars, uint64_t val) {
+#if FASTFLOAT_IS_BIG_ENDIAN == 1
+  // Need to read as-if the number was in little-endian order.
+  val = byteswap(val);
+#endif
+  ::memcpy(chars, &val, sizeof(uint64_t));
+}
+
+// credit  @aqrit
+fastfloat_really_inline uint32_t  parse_eight_digits_unrolled(uint64_t val) {
+  const uint64_t mask = 0x000000FF000000FF;
+  const uint64_t mul1 = 0x000F424000000064; // 100 + (1000000ULL << 32)
+  const uint64_t mul2 = 0x0000271000000001; // 1 + (10000ULL << 32)
+  val -= 0x3030303030303030;
+  val = (val * 10) + (val >> 8); // val = (val * 2561) >> 8;
+  val = (((val & mask) * mul1) + (((val >> 16) & mask) * mul2)) >> 32;
+  return uint32_t(val);
+}
+
+fastfloat_really_inline uint32_t parse_eight_digits_unrolled(const char *chars)  noexcept  {
+  return parse_eight_digits_unrolled(read_u64(chars));
+}
+
+// credit @aqrit
+fastfloat_really_inline bool is_made_of_eight_digits_fast(uint64_t val)  noexcept  {
+  return !((((val + 0x4646464646464646) | (val - 0x3030303030303030)) &
+     0x8080808080808080));
+}
+
+fastfloat_really_inline bool is_made_of_eight_digits_fast(const char *chars)  noexcept  {
+  return is_made_of_eight_digits_fast(read_u64(chars));
+}
+
+struct parsed_number_string {
+  int64_t exponent;
+  uint64_t mantissa;
+  const char *lastmatch;
+  bool negative;
+  bool valid;
+  bool too_many_digits;
+};
+
+
+// Assuming that you use no more than 19 digits, this will
+// parse an ASCII string.
+fastfloat_really_inline
+parsed_number_string parse_number_string(const char *p, const char *pend, chars_format fmt) noexcept {
+  parsed_number_string answer;
+  answer.valid = false;
+  answer.too_many_digits = false;
+  answer.negative = (*p == '-');
+  if (*p == '-') { // C++17 20.19.3.(7.1) explicitly forbids '+' sign here
+    ++p;
+    if (p == pend) {
+      return answer;
+    }
+    if (!is_integer(*p) && (*p != '.')) { // a  sign must be followed by an integer or the dot
+      return answer;
+    }
+  }
+  const char *const start_digits = p;
+
+  uint64_t i = 0; // an unsigned int avoids signed overflows (which are bad)
+
+  while ((p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+    // a multiplication by 10 is cheaper than an arbitrary integer
+    // multiplication
+    i = 10 * i +
+        uint64_t(*p - '0'); // might overflow, we will handle the overflow later
+    ++p;
+  }
+  const char *const end_of_integer_part = p;
+  int64_t digit_count = int64_t(end_of_integer_part - start_digits);
+  int64_t exponent = 0;
+  if ((p != pend) && (*p == '.')) {
+    ++p;
+  // Fast approach only tested under little endian systems
+  if ((p + 8 <= pend) && is_made_of_eight_digits_fast(p)) {
+    i = i * 100000000 + parse_eight_digits_unrolled(p); // in rare cases, this will overflow, but that's ok
+    p += 8;
+    if ((p + 8 <= pend) && is_made_of_eight_digits_fast(p)) {
+      i = i * 100000000 + parse_eight_digits_unrolled(p); // in rare cases, this will overflow, but that's ok
+      p += 8;
+    }
+  }
+    while ((p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+      uint8_t digit = uint8_t(*p - '0');
+      ++p;
+      i = i * 10 + digit; // in rare cases, this will overflow, but that's ok
+    }
+    exponent = end_of_integer_part + 1 - p;
+    digit_count -= exponent;
+  }
+  // we must have encountered at least one integer!
+  if (digit_count == 0) {
+    return answer;
+  }
+  int64_t exp_number = 0;            // explicit exponential part
+  if ((fmt & chars_format::scientific) && (p != pend) && (('e' == *p) || ('E' == *p))) {
+    const char * location_of_e = p;
+    ++p;
+    bool neg_exp = false;
+    if ((p != pend) && ('-' == *p)) {
+      neg_exp = true;
+      ++p;
+    } else if ((p != pend) && ('+' == *p)) { // '+' on exponent is allowed by C++17 20.19.3.(7.1)
+      ++p;
+    }
+    if ((p == pend) || !is_integer(*p)) {
+      if(!(fmt & chars_format::fixed)) {
+        // We are in error.
+        return answer;
+      }
+      // Otherwise, we will be ignoring the 'e'.
+      p = location_of_e;
+    } else {
+      while ((p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+        uint8_t digit = uint8_t(*p - '0');
+        if (exp_number < 0x10000) {
+          exp_number = 10 * exp_number + digit;
+        }
+        ++p;
+      }
+      if(neg_exp) { exp_number = - exp_number; }
+      exponent += exp_number;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // If it scientific and not fixed, we have to bail out.
+    if((fmt & chars_format::scientific) && !(fmt & chars_format::fixed)) { return answer; }
+  }
+  answer.lastmatch = p;
+  answer.valid = true;
+
+  // If we frequently had to deal with long strings of digits,
+  // we could extend our code by using a 128-bit integer instead
+  // of a 64-bit integer. However, this is uncommon.
+  //
+  // We can deal with up to 19 digits.
+  if (digit_count > 19) { // this is uncommon
+    // It is possible that the integer had an overflow.
+    // We have to handle the case where we have 0.0000somenumber.
+    // We need to be mindful of the case where we only have zeroes...
+    // E.g., 0.000000000...000.
+    const char *start = start_digits;
+    while ((start != pend) && (*start == '0' || *start == '.')) {
+      if(*start == '0') { digit_count --; }
+      start++;
+    }
+    if (digit_count > 19) {
+      answer.too_many_digits = true;
+      // Let us start again, this time, avoiding overflows.
+      i = 0;
+      p = start_digits;
+      const uint64_t minimal_nineteen_digit_integer{1000000000000000000};
+      while((i < minimal_nineteen_digit_integer) && (p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+        i = i * 10 + uint64_t(*p - '0');
+        ++p;
+      }
+      if (i >= minimal_nineteen_digit_integer) { // We have a big integers
+        exponent = end_of_integer_part - p + exp_number;
+      } else { // We have a value with a fractional component.
+          p++; // skip the '.'
+          const char *first_after_period = p;
+          while((i < minimal_nineteen_digit_integer) && (p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+            i = i * 10 + uint64_t(*p - '0');
+            ++p;
+          }
+          exponent = first_after_period - p + exp_number;
+      }
+      // We have now corrected both exponent and i, to a truncated value
+    }
+  }
+  answer.exponent = exponent;
+  answer.mantissa = i;
+  return answer;
+}
+
+
+// This should always succeed since it follows a call to parse_number_string
+// This function could be optimized. In particular, we could stop after 19 digits
+// and try to bail out. Furthermore, we should be able to recover the computed
+// exponent from the pass in parse_number_string.
+fastfloat_really_inline decimal parse_decimal(const char *p, const char *pend) noexcept {
+  decimal answer;
+  answer.num_digits = 0;
+  answer.decimal_point = 0;
+  answer.truncated = false;
+  answer.negative = (*p == '-');
+  if (*p == '-') { // C++17 20.19.3.(7.1) explicitly forbids '+' sign here
+    ++p;
+  }
+  // skip leading zeroes
+  while ((p != pend) && (*p == '0')) {
+    ++p;
+  }
+  while ((p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+    if (answer.num_digits < max_digits) {
+      answer.digits[answer.num_digits] = uint8_t(*p - '0');
+    }
+    answer.num_digits++;
+    ++p;
+  }
+  if ((p != pend) && (*p == '.')) {
+    ++p;
+    const char *first_after_period = p;
+    // if we have not yet encountered a zero, we have to skip it as well
+    if(answer.num_digits == 0) {
+      // skip zeros
+      while ((p != pend) && (*p == '0')) {
+       ++p;
+      }
+    }
+    // We expect that this loop will often take the bulk of the running time
+    // because when a value has lots of digits, these digits often
+    while ((p + 8 <= pend) && (answer.num_digits + 8 < max_digits)) {
+      uint64_t val = read_u64(p);
+      if(! is_made_of_eight_digits_fast(val)) { break; }
+      // We have eight digits, process them in one go!
+      val -= 0x3030303030303030;
+      write_u64(answer.digits + answer.num_digits, val);
+      answer.num_digits += 8;
+      p += 8;
+    }
+    while ((p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+      if (answer.num_digits < max_digits) {
+        answer.digits[answer.num_digits] = uint8_t(*p - '0');
+      }
+      answer.num_digits++;
+      ++p;
+    }
+    answer.decimal_point = int32_t(first_after_period - p);
+  }
+  // We want num_digits to be the number of significant digits, excluding
+  // leading *and* trailing zeros! Otherwise the truncated flag later is
+  // going to be misleading.
+  if(answer.num_digits > 0) {
+    // We potentially need the answer.num_digits > 0 guard because we
+    // prune leading zeros. So with answer.num_digits > 0, we know that
+    // we have at least one non-zero digit.
+    const char *preverse = p - 1;
+    int32_t trailing_zeros = 0;
+    while ((*preverse == '0') || (*preverse == '.')) {
+      if(*preverse == '0') { trailing_zeros++; };
+      --preverse;
+    }
+    answer.decimal_point += int32_t(answer.num_digits);
+    answer.num_digits -= uint32_t(trailing_zeros);
+  }
+  if(answer.num_digits > max_digits) {
+    answer.truncated = true;
+    answer.num_digits = max_digits;
+  }
+  if ((p != pend) && (('e' == *p) || ('E' == *p))) {
+    ++p;
+    bool neg_exp = false;
+    if ((p != pend) && ('-' == *p)) {
+      neg_exp = true;
+      ++p;
+    } else if ((p != pend) && ('+' == *p)) { // '+' on exponent is allowed by C++17 20.19.3.(7.1)
+      ++p;
+    }
+    int32_t exp_number = 0; // exponential part
+    while ((p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+      uint8_t digit = uint8_t(*p - '0');
+      if (exp_number < 0x10000) {
+        exp_number = 10 * exp_number + digit;
+      }
+      ++p;
+    }
+    answer.decimal_point += (neg_exp ? -exp_number : exp_number);
+  }
+  // In very rare cases, we may have fewer than 19 digits, we want to be able to reliably
+  // assume that all digits up to max_digit_without_overflow have been initialized.
+  for(uint32_t i = answer.num_digits; i < max_digit_without_overflow; i++) { answer.digits[i] = 0; }
+
+  return answer;
+}
+} // namespace duckdb_fast_float
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef FASTFLOAT_FAST_TABLE_H
+#define FASTFLOAT_FAST_TABLE_H
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace duckdb_fast_float {
+
+/**
+ * When mapping numbers from decimal to binary,
+ * we go from w * 10^q to m * 2^p but we have
+ * 10^q = 5^q * 2^q, so effectively
+ * we are trying to match
+ * w * 2^q * 5^q to m * 2^p. Thus the powers of two
+ * are not a concern since they can be represented
+ * exactly using the binary notation, only the powers of five
+ * affect the binary significand.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * The smallest non-zero float (binary64) is 2^−1074.
+ * We take as input numbers of the form w x 10^q where w < 2^64.
+ * We have that w * 10^-343  <  2^(64-344) 5^-343 < 2^-1076.
+ * However, we have that
+ * (2^64-1) * 10^-342 =  (2^64-1) * 2^-342 * 5^-342 > 2^−1074.
+ * Thus it is possible for a number of the form w * 10^-342 where
+ * w is a 64-bit value to be a non-zero floating-point number.
+ *********
+ * Any number of form w * 10^309 where w>= 1 is going to be
+ * infinite in binary64 so we never need to worry about powers
+ * of 5 greater than 308.
+ */
+template <class unused = void>
+struct powers_template {
+
+constexpr static int smallest_power_of_five = binary_format<double>::smallest_power_of_ten();
+constexpr static int largest_power_of_five = binary_format<double>::largest_power_of_ten();
+constexpr static int number_of_entries = 2 * (largest_power_of_five - smallest_power_of_five + 1);
+// Powers of five from 5^-342 all the way to 5^308 rounded toward one.
+static const uint64_t power_of_five_128[number_of_entries];
+};
+
+template <class unused>
+const uint64_t powers_template<unused>::power_of_five_128[number_of_entries] = {
+        0xeef453d6923bd65a,0x113faa2906a13b3f,
+        0x9558b4661b6565f8,0x4ac7ca59a424c507,
+        0xbaaee17fa23ebf76,0x5d79bcf00d2df649,
+        0xe95a99df8ace6f53,0xf4d82c2c107973dc,
+        0x91d8a02bb6c10594,0x79071b9b8a4be869,
+        0xb64ec836a47146f9,0x9748e2826cdee284,
+        0xe3e27a444d8d98b7,0xfd1b1b2308169b25,
+        0x8e6d8c6ab0787f72,0xfe30f0f5e50e20f7,
+        0xb208ef855c969f4f,0xbdbd2d335e51a935,
+        0xde8b2b66b3bc4723,0xad2c788035e61382,
+        0x8b16fb203055ac76,0x4c3bcb5021afcc31,
+        0xaddcb9e83c6b1793,0xdf4abe242a1bbf3d,
+        0xd953e8624b85dd78,0xd71d6dad34a2af0d,
+        0x87d4713d6f33aa6b,0x8672648c40e5ad68,
+        0xa9c98d8ccb009506,0x680efdaf511f18c2,
+        0xd43bf0effdc0ba48,0x212bd1b2566def2,
+        0x84a57695fe98746d,0x14bb630f7604b57,
+        0xa5ced43b7e3e9188,0x419ea3bd35385e2d,
+        0xcf42894a5dce35ea,0x52064cac828675b9,
+        0x818995ce7aa0e1b2,0x7343efebd1940993,
+        0xa1ebfb4219491a1f,0x1014ebe6c5f90bf8,
+        0xca66fa129f9b60a6,0xd41a26e077774ef6,
+        0xfd00b897478238d0,0x8920b098955522b4,
+        0x9e20735e8cb16382,0x55b46e5f5d5535b0,
+        0xc5a890362fddbc62,0xeb2189f734aa831d,
+        0xf712b443bbd52b7b,0xa5e9ec7501d523e4,
+        0x9a6bb0aa55653b2d,0x47b233c92125366e,
+        0xc1069cd4eabe89f8,0x999ec0bb696e840a,
+        0xf148440a256e2c76,0xc00670ea43ca250d,
+        0x96cd2a865764dbca,0x380406926a5e5728,
+        0xbc807527ed3e12bc,0xc605083704f5ecf2,
+        0xeba09271e88d976b,0xf7864a44c633682e,
+        0x93445b8731587ea3,0x7ab3ee6afbe0211d,
+        0xb8157268fdae9e4c,0x5960ea05bad82964,
+        0xe61acf033d1a45df,0x6fb92487298e33bd,
+        0x8fd0c16206306bab,0xa5d3b6d479f8e056,
+        0xb3c4f1ba87bc8696,0x8f48a4899877186c,
+        0xe0b62e2929aba83c,0x331acdabfe94de87,
+        0x8c71dcd9ba0b4925,0x9ff0c08b7f1d0b14,
+        0xaf8e5410288e1b6f,0x7ecf0ae5ee44dd9,
+        0xdb71e91432b1a24a,0xc9e82cd9f69d6150,
+        0x892731ac9faf056e,0xbe311c083a225cd2,
+        0xab70fe17c79ac6ca,0x6dbd630a48aaf406,
+        0xd64d3d9db981787d,0x92cbbccdad5b108,
+        0x85f0468293f0eb4e,0x25bbf56008c58ea5,
+        0xa76c582338ed2621,0xaf2af2b80af6f24e,
+        0xd1476e2c07286faa,0x1af5af660db4aee1,
+        0x82cca4db847945ca,0x50d98d9fc890ed4d,
+        0xa37fce126597973c,0xe50ff107bab528a0,
+        0xcc5fc196fefd7d0c,0x1e53ed49a96272c8,
+        0xff77b1fcbebcdc4f,0x25e8e89c13bb0f7a,
+        0x9faacf3df73609b1,0x77b191618c54e9ac,
+        0xc795830d75038c1d,0xd59df5b9ef6a2417,
+        0xf97ae3d0d2446f25,0x4b0573286b44ad1d,
+        0x9becce62836ac577,0x4ee367f9430aec32,
+        0xc2e801fb244576d5,0x229c41f793cda73f,
+        0xf3a20279ed56d48a,0x6b43527578c1110f,
+        0x9845418c345644d6,0x830a13896b78aaa9,
+        0xbe5691ef416bd60c,0x23cc986bc656d553,
+        0xedec366b11c6cb8f,0x2cbfbe86b7ec8aa8,
+        0x94b3a202eb1c3f39,0x7bf7d71432f3d6a9,
+        0xb9e08a83a5e34f07,0xdaf5ccd93fb0cc53,
+        0xe858ad248f5c22c9,0xd1b3400f8f9cff68,
+        0x91376c36d99995be,0x23100809b9c21fa1,
+        0xb58547448ffffb2d,0xabd40a0c2832a78a,
+        0xe2e69915b3fff9f9,0x16c90c8f323f516c,
+        0x8dd01fad907ffc3b,0xae3da7d97f6792e3,
+        0xb1442798f49ffb4a,0x99cd11cfdf41779c,
+        0xdd95317f31c7fa1d,0x40405643d711d583,
+        0x8a7d3eef7f1cfc52,0x482835ea666b2572,
+        0xad1c8eab5ee43b66,0xda3243650005eecf,
+        0xd863b256369d4a40,0x90bed43e40076a82,
+        0x873e4f75e2224e68,0x5a7744a6e804a291,
+        0xa90de3535aaae202,0x711515d0a205cb36,
+        0xd3515c2831559a83,0xd5a5b44ca873e03,
+        0x8412d9991ed58091,0xe858790afe9486c2,
+        0xa5178fff668ae0b6,0x626e974dbe39a872,
+        0xce5d73ff402d98e3,0xfb0a3d212dc8128f,
+        0x80fa687f881c7f8e,0x7ce66634bc9d0b99,
+        0xa139029f6a239f72,0x1c1fffc1ebc44e80,
+        0xc987434744ac874e,0xa327ffb266b56220,
+        0xfbe9141915d7a922,0x4bf1ff9f0062baa8,
+        0x9d71ac8fada6c9b5,0x6f773fc3603db4a9,
+        0xc4ce17b399107c22,0xcb550fb4384d21d3,
+        0xf6019da07f549b2b,0x7e2a53a146606a48,
+        0x99c102844f94e0fb,0x2eda7444cbfc426d,
+        0xc0314325637a1939,0xfa911155fefb5308,
+        0xf03d93eebc589f88,0x793555ab7eba27ca,
+        0x96267c7535b763b5,0x4bc1558b2f3458de,
+        0xbbb01b9283253ca2,0x9eb1aaedfb016f16,
+        0xea9c227723ee8bcb,0x465e15a979c1cadc,
+        0x92a1958a7675175f,0xbfacd89ec191ec9,
+        0xb749faed14125d36,0xcef980ec671f667b,
+        0xe51c79a85916f484,0x82b7e12780e7401a,
+        0x8f31cc0937ae58d2,0xd1b2ecb8b0908810,
+        0xb2fe3f0b8599ef07,0x861fa7e6dcb4aa15,
+        0xdfbdcece67006ac9,0x67a791e093e1d49a,
+        0x8bd6a141006042bd,0xe0c8bb2c5c6d24e0,
+        0xaecc49914078536d,0x58fae9f773886e18,
+        0xda7f5bf590966848,0xaf39a475506a899e,
+        0x888f99797a5e012d,0x6d8406c952429603,
+        0xaab37fd7d8f58178,0xc8e5087ba6d33b83,
+        0xd5605fcdcf32e1d6,0xfb1e4a9a90880a64,
+        0x855c3be0a17fcd26,0x5cf2eea09a55067f,
+        0xa6b34ad8c9dfc06f,0xf42faa48c0ea481e,
+        0xd0601d8efc57b08b,0xf13b94daf124da26,
+        0x823c12795db6ce57,0x76c53d08d6b70858,
+        0xa2cb1717b52481ed,0x54768c4b0c64ca6e,
+        0xcb7ddcdda26da268,0xa9942f5dcf7dfd09,
+        0xfe5d54150b090b02,0xd3f93b35435d7c4c,
+        0x9efa548d26e5a6e1,0xc47bc5014a1a6daf,
+        0xc6b8e9b0709f109a,0x359ab6419ca1091b,
+        0xf867241c8cc6d4c0,0xc30163d203c94b62,
+        0x9b407691d7fc44f8,0x79e0de63425dcf1d,
+        0xc21094364dfb5636,0x985915fc12f542e4,
+        0xf294b943e17a2bc4,0x3e6f5b7b17b2939d,
+        0x979cf3ca6cec5b5a,0xa705992ceecf9c42,
+        0xbd8430bd08277231,0x50c6ff782a838353,
+        0xece53cec4a314ebd,0xa4f8bf5635246428,
+        0x940f4613ae5ed136,0x871b7795e136be99,
+        0xb913179899f68584,0x28e2557b59846e3f,
+        0xe757dd7ec07426e5,0x331aeada2fe589cf,
+        0x9096ea6f3848984f,0x3ff0d2c85def7621,
+        0xb4bca50b065abe63,0xfed077a756b53a9,
+        0xe1ebce4dc7f16dfb,0xd3e8495912c62894,
+        0x8d3360f09cf6e4bd,0x64712dd7abbbd95c,
+        0xb080392cc4349dec,0xbd8d794d96aacfb3,
+        0xdca04777f541c567,0xecf0d7a0fc5583a0,
+        0x89e42caaf9491b60,0xf41686c49db57244,
+        0xac5d37d5b79b6239,0x311c2875c522ced5,
+        0xd77485cb25823ac7,0x7d633293366b828b,
+        0x86a8d39ef77164bc,0xae5dff9c02033197,
+        0xa8530886b54dbdeb,0xd9f57f830283fdfc,
+        0xd267caa862a12d66,0xd072df63c324fd7b,
+        0x8380dea93da4bc60,0x4247cb9e59f71e6d,
+        0xa46116538d0deb78,0x52d9be85f074e608,
+        0xcd795be870516656,0x67902e276c921f8b,
+        0x806bd9714632dff6,0xba1cd8a3db53b6,
+        0xa086cfcd97bf97f3,0x80e8a40eccd228a4,
+        0xc8a883c0fdaf7df0,0x6122cd128006b2cd,
+        0xfad2a4b13d1b5d6c,0x796b805720085f81,
+        0x9cc3a6eec6311a63,0xcbe3303674053bb0,
+        0xc3f490aa77bd60fc,0xbedbfc4411068a9c,
+        0xf4f1b4d515acb93b,0xee92fb5515482d44,
+        0x991711052d8bf3c5,0x751bdd152d4d1c4a,
+        0xbf5cd54678eef0b6,0xd262d45a78a0635d,
+        0xef340a98172aace4,0x86fb897116c87c34,
+        0x9580869f0e7aac0e,0xd45d35e6ae3d4da0,
+        0xbae0a846d2195712,0x8974836059cca109,
+        0xe998d258869facd7,0x2bd1a438703fc94b,
+        0x91ff83775423cc06,0x7b6306a34627ddcf,
+        0xb67f6455292cbf08,0x1a3bc84c17b1d542,
+        0xe41f3d6a7377eeca,0x20caba5f1d9e4a93,
+        0x8e938662882af53e,0x547eb47b7282ee9c,
+        0xb23867fb2a35b28d,0xe99e619a4f23aa43,
+        0xdec681f9f4c31f31,0x6405fa00e2ec94d4,
+        0x8b3c113c38f9f37e,0xde83bc408dd3dd04,
+        0xae0b158b4738705e,0x9624ab50b148d445,
+        0xd98ddaee19068c76,0x3badd624dd9b0957,
+        0x87f8a8d4cfa417c9,0xe54ca5d70a80e5d6,
+        0xa9f6d30a038d1dbc,0x5e9fcf4ccd211f4c,
+        0xd47487cc8470652b,0x7647c3200069671f,
+        0x84c8d4dfd2c63f3b,0x29ecd9f40041e073,
+        0xa5fb0a17c777cf09,0xf468107100525890,
+        0xcf79cc9db955c2cc,0x7182148d4066eeb4,
+        0x81ac1fe293d599bf,0xc6f14cd848405530,
+        0xa21727db38cb002f,0xb8ada00e5a506a7c,
+        0xca9cf1d206fdc03b,0xa6d90811f0e4851c,
+        0xfd442e4688bd304a,0x908f4a166d1da663,
+        0x9e4a9cec15763e2e,0x9a598e4e043287fe,
+        0xc5dd44271ad3cdba,0x40eff1e1853f29fd,
+        0xf7549530e188c128,0xd12bee59e68ef47c,
+        0x9a94dd3e8cf578b9,0x82bb74f8301958ce,
+        0xc13a148e3032d6e7,0xe36a52363c1faf01,
+        0xf18899b1bc3f8ca1,0xdc44e6c3cb279ac1,
+        0x96f5600f15a7b7e5,0x29ab103a5ef8c0b9,
+        0xbcb2b812db11a5de,0x7415d448f6b6f0e7,
+        0xebdf661791d60f56,0x111b495b3464ad21,
+        0x936b9fcebb25c995,0xcab10dd900beec34,
+        0xb84687c269ef3bfb,0x3d5d514f40eea742,
+        0xe65829b3046b0afa,0xcb4a5a3112a5112,
+        0x8ff71a0fe2c2e6dc,0x47f0e785eaba72ab,
+        0xb3f4e093db73a093,0x59ed216765690f56,
+        0xe0f218b8d25088b8,0x306869c13ec3532c,
+        0x8c974f7383725573,0x1e414218c73a13fb,
+        0xafbd2350644eeacf,0xe5d1929ef90898fa,
+        0xdbac6c247d62a583,0xdf45f746b74abf39,
+        0x894bc396ce5da772,0x6b8bba8c328eb783,
+        0xab9eb47c81f5114f,0x66ea92f3f326564,
+        0xd686619ba27255a2,0xc80a537b0efefebd,
+        0x8613fd0145877585,0xbd06742ce95f5f36,
+        0xa798fc4196e952e7,0x2c48113823b73704,
+        0xd17f3b51fca3a7a0,0xf75a15862ca504c5,
+        0x82ef85133de648c4,0x9a984d73dbe722fb,
+        0xa3ab66580d5fdaf5,0xc13e60d0d2e0ebba,
+        0xcc963fee10b7d1b3,0x318df905079926a8,
+        0xffbbcfe994e5c61f,0xfdf17746497f7052,
+        0x9fd561f1fd0f9bd3,0xfeb6ea8bedefa633,
+        0xc7caba6e7c5382c8,0xfe64a52ee96b8fc0,
+        0xf9bd690a1b68637b,0x3dfdce7aa3c673b0,
+        0x9c1661a651213e2d,0x6bea10ca65c084e,
+        0xc31bfa0fe5698db8,0x486e494fcff30a62,
+        0xf3e2f893dec3f126,0x5a89dba3c3efccfa,
+        0x986ddb5c6b3a76b7,0xf89629465a75e01c,
+        0xbe89523386091465,0xf6bbb397f1135823,
+        0xee2ba6c0678b597f,0x746aa07ded582e2c,
+        0x94db483840b717ef,0xa8c2a44eb4571cdc,
+        0xba121a4650e4ddeb,0x92f34d62616ce413,
+        0xe896a0d7e51e1566,0x77b020baf9c81d17,
+        0x915e2486ef32cd60,0xace1474dc1d122e,
+        0xb5b5ada8aaff80b8,0xd819992132456ba,
+        0xe3231912d5bf60e6,0x10e1fff697ed6c69,
+        0x8df5efabc5979c8f,0xca8d3ffa1ef463c1,
+        0xb1736b96b6fd83b3,0xbd308ff8a6b17cb2,
+        0xddd0467c64bce4a0,0xac7cb3f6d05ddbde,
+        0x8aa22c0dbef60ee4,0x6bcdf07a423aa96b,
+        0xad4ab7112eb3929d,0x86c16c98d2c953c6,
+        0xd89d64d57a607744,0xe871c7bf077ba8b7,
+        0x87625f056c7c4a8b,0x11471cd764ad4972,
+        0xa93af6c6c79b5d2d,0xd598e40d3dd89bcf,
+        0xd389b47879823479,0x4aff1d108d4ec2c3,
+        0x843610cb4bf160cb,0xcedf722a585139ba,
+        0xa54394fe1eedb8fe,0xc2974eb4ee658828,
+        0xce947a3da6a9273e,0x733d226229feea32,
+        0x811ccc668829b887,0x806357d5a3f525f,
+        0xa163ff802a3426a8,0xca07c2dcb0cf26f7,
+        0xc9bcff6034c13052,0xfc89b393dd02f0b5,
+        0xfc2c3f3841f17c67,0xbbac2078d443ace2,
+        0x9d9ba7832936edc0,0xd54b944b84aa4c0d,
+        0xc5029163f384a931,0xa9e795e65d4df11,
+        0xf64335bcf065d37d,0x4d4617b5ff4a16d5,
+        0x99ea0196163fa42e,0x504bced1bf8e4e45,
+        0xc06481fb9bcf8d39,0xe45ec2862f71e1d6,
+        0xf07da27a82c37088,0x5d767327bb4e5a4c,
+        0x964e858c91ba2655,0x3a6a07f8d510f86f,
+        0xbbe226efb628afea,0x890489f70a55368b,
+        0xeadab0aba3b2dbe5,0x2b45ac74ccea842e,
+        0x92c8ae6b464fc96f,0x3b0b8bc90012929d,
+        0xb77ada0617e3bbcb,0x9ce6ebb40173744,
+        0xe55990879ddcaabd,0xcc420a6a101d0515,
+        0x8f57fa54c2a9eab6,0x9fa946824a12232d,
+        0xb32df8e9f3546564,0x47939822dc96abf9,
+        0xdff9772470297ebd,0x59787e2b93bc56f7,
+        0x8bfbea76c619ef36,0x57eb4edb3c55b65a,
+        0xaefae51477a06b03,0xede622920b6b23f1,
+        0xdab99e59958885c4,0xe95fab368e45eced,
+        0x88b402f7fd75539b,0x11dbcb0218ebb414,
+        0xaae103b5fcd2a881,0xd652bdc29f26a119,
+        0xd59944a37c0752a2,0x4be76d3346f0495f,
+        0x857fcae62d8493a5,0x6f70a4400c562ddb,
+        0xa6dfbd9fb8e5b88e,0xcb4ccd500f6bb952,
+        0xd097ad07a71f26b2,0x7e2000a41346a7a7,
+        0x825ecc24c873782f,0x8ed400668c0c28c8,
+        0xa2f67f2dfa90563b,0x728900802f0f32fa,
+        0xcbb41ef979346bca,0x4f2b40a03ad2ffb9,
+        0xfea126b7d78186bc,0xe2f610c84987bfa8,
+        0x9f24b832e6b0f436,0xdd9ca7d2df4d7c9,
+        0xc6ede63fa05d3143,0x91503d1c79720dbb,
+        0xf8a95fcf88747d94,0x75a44c6397ce912a,
+        0x9b69dbe1b548ce7c,0xc986afbe3ee11aba,
+        0xc24452da229b021b,0xfbe85badce996168,
+        0xf2d56790ab41c2a2,0xfae27299423fb9c3,
+        0x97c560ba6b0919a5,0xdccd879fc967d41a,
+        0xbdb6b8e905cb600f,0x5400e987bbc1c920,
+        0xed246723473e3813,0x290123e9aab23b68,
+        0x9436c0760c86e30b,0xf9a0b6720aaf6521,
+        0xb94470938fa89bce,0xf808e40e8d5b3e69,
+        0xe7958cb87392c2c2,0xb60b1d1230b20e04,
+        0x90bd77f3483bb9b9,0xb1c6f22b5e6f48c2,
+        0xb4ecd5f01a4aa828,0x1e38aeb6360b1af3,
+        0xe2280b6c20dd5232,0x25c6da63c38de1b0,
+        0x8d590723948a535f,0x579c487e5a38ad0e,
+        0xb0af48ec79ace837,0x2d835a9df0c6d851,
+        0xdcdb1b2798182244,0xf8e431456cf88e65,
+        0x8a08f0f8bf0f156b,0x1b8e9ecb641b58ff,
+        0xac8b2d36eed2dac5,0xe272467e3d222f3f,
+        0xd7adf884aa879177,0x5b0ed81dcc6abb0f,
+        0x86ccbb52ea94baea,0x98e947129fc2b4e9,
+        0xa87fea27a539e9a5,0x3f2398d747b36224,
+        0xd29fe4b18e88640e,0x8eec7f0d19a03aad,
+        0x83a3eeeef9153e89,0x1953cf68300424ac,
+        0xa48ceaaab75a8e2b,0x5fa8c3423c052dd7,
+        0xcdb02555653131b6,0x3792f412cb06794d,
+        0x808e17555f3ebf11,0xe2bbd88bbee40bd0,
+        0xa0b19d2ab70e6ed6,0x5b6aceaeae9d0ec4,
+        0xc8de047564d20a8b,0xf245825a5a445275,
+        0xfb158592be068d2e,0xeed6e2f0f0d56712,
+        0x9ced737bb6c4183d,0x55464dd69685606b,
+        0xc428d05aa4751e4c,0xaa97e14c3c26b886,
+        0xf53304714d9265df,0xd53dd99f4b3066a8,
+        0x993fe2c6d07b7fab,0xe546a8038efe4029,
+        0xbf8fdb78849a5f96,0xde98520472bdd033,
+        0xef73d256a5c0f77c,0x963e66858f6d4440,
+        0x95a8637627989aad,0xdde7001379a44aa8,
+        0xbb127c53b17ec159,0x5560c018580d5d52,
+        0xe9d71b689dde71af,0xaab8f01e6e10b4a6,
+        0x9226712162ab070d,0xcab3961304ca70e8,
+        0xb6b00d69bb55c8d1,0x3d607b97c5fd0d22,
+        0xe45c10c42a2b3b05,0x8cb89a7db77c506a,
+        0x8eb98a7a9a5b04e3,0x77f3608e92adb242,
+        0xb267ed1940f1c61c,0x55f038b237591ed3,
+        0xdf01e85f912e37a3,0x6b6c46dec52f6688,
+        0x8b61313bbabce2c6,0x2323ac4b3b3da015,
+        0xae397d8aa96c1b77,0xabec975e0a0d081a,
+        0xd9c7dced53c72255,0x96e7bd358c904a21,
+        0x881cea14545c7575,0x7e50d64177da2e54,
+        0xaa242499697392d2,0xdde50bd1d5d0b9e9,
+        0xd4ad2dbfc3d07787,0x955e4ec64b44e864,
+        0x84ec3c97da624ab4,0xbd5af13bef0b113e,
+        0xa6274bbdd0fadd61,0xecb1ad8aeacdd58e,
+        0xcfb11ead453994ba,0x67de18eda5814af2,
+        0x81ceb32c4b43fcf4,0x80eacf948770ced7,
+        0xa2425ff75e14fc31,0xa1258379a94d028d,
+        0xcad2f7f5359a3b3e,0x96ee45813a04330,
+        0xfd87b5f28300ca0d,0x8bca9d6e188853fc,
+        0x9e74d1b791e07e48,0x775ea264cf55347e,
+        0xc612062576589dda,0x95364afe032a819e,
+        0xf79687aed3eec551,0x3a83ddbd83f52205,
+        0x9abe14cd44753b52,0xc4926a9672793543,
+        0xc16d9a0095928a27,0x75b7053c0f178294,
+        0xf1c90080baf72cb1,0x5324c68b12dd6339,
+        0x971da05074da7bee,0xd3f6fc16ebca5e04,
+        0xbce5086492111aea,0x88f4bb1ca6bcf585,
+        0xec1e4a7db69561a5,0x2b31e9e3d06c32e6,
+        0x9392ee8e921d5d07,0x3aff322e62439fd0,
+        0xb877aa3236a4b449,0x9befeb9fad487c3,
+        0xe69594bec44de15b,0x4c2ebe687989a9b4,
+        0x901d7cf73ab0acd9,0xf9d37014bf60a11,
+        0xb424dc35095cd80f,0x538484c19ef38c95,
+        0xe12e13424bb40e13,0x2865a5f206b06fba,
+        0x8cbccc096f5088cb,0xf93f87b7442e45d4,
+        0xafebff0bcb24aafe,0xf78f69a51539d749,
+        0xdbe6fecebdedd5be,0xb573440e5a884d1c,
+        0x89705f4136b4a597,0x31680a88f8953031,
+        0xabcc77118461cefc,0xfdc20d2b36ba7c3e,
+        0xd6bf94d5e57a42bc,0x3d32907604691b4d,
+        0x8637bd05af6c69b5,0xa63f9a49c2c1b110,
+        0xa7c5ac471b478423,0xfcf80dc33721d54,
+        0xd1b71758e219652b,0xd3c36113404ea4a9,
+        0x83126e978d4fdf3b,0x645a1cac083126ea,
+        0xa3d70a3d70a3d70a,0x3d70a3d70a3d70a4,
+        0xcccccccccccccccc,0xcccccccccccccccd,
+        0x8000000000000000,0x0,
+        0xa000000000000000,0x0,
+        0xc800000000000000,0x0,
+        0xfa00000000000000,0x0,
+        0x9c40000000000000,0x0,
+        0xc350000000000000,0x0,
+        0xf424000000000000,0x0,
+        0x9896800000000000,0x0,
+        0xbebc200000000000,0x0,
+        0xee6b280000000000,0x0,
+        0x9502f90000000000,0x0,
+        0xba43b74000000000,0x0,
+        0xe8d4a51000000000,0x0,
+        0x9184e72a00000000,0x0,
+        0xb5e620f480000000,0x0,
+        0xe35fa931a0000000,0x0,
+        0x8e1bc9bf04000000,0x0,
+        0xb1a2bc2ec5000000,0x0,
+        0xde0b6b3a76400000,0x0,
+        0x8ac7230489e80000,0x0,
+        0xad78ebc5ac620000,0x0,
+        0xd8d726b7177a8000,0x0,
+        0x878678326eac9000,0x0,
+        0xa968163f0a57b400,0x0,
+        0xd3c21bcecceda100,0x0,
+        0x84595161401484a0,0x0,
+        0xa56fa5b99019a5c8,0x0,
+        0xcecb8f27f4200f3a,0x0,
+        0x813f3978f8940984,0x4000000000000000,
+        0xa18f07d736b90be5,0x5000000000000000,
+        0xc9f2c9cd04674ede,0xa400000000000000,
+        0xfc6f7c4045812296,0x4d00000000000000,
+        0x9dc5ada82b70b59d,0xf020000000000000,
+        0xc5371912364ce305,0x6c28000000000000,
+        0xf684df56c3e01bc6,0xc732000000000000,
+        0x9a130b963a6c115c,0x3c7f400000000000,
+        0xc097ce7bc90715b3,0x4b9f100000000000,
+        0xf0bdc21abb48db20,0x1e86d40000000000,
+        0x96769950b50d88f4,0x1314448000000000,
+        0xbc143fa4e250eb31,0x17d955a000000000,
+        0xeb194f8e1ae525fd,0x5dcfab0800000000,
+        0x92efd1b8d0cf37be,0x5aa1cae500000000,
+        0xb7abc627050305ad,0xf14a3d9e40000000,
+        0xe596b7b0c643c719,0x6d9ccd05d0000000,
+        0x8f7e32ce7bea5c6f,0xe4820023a2000000,
+        0xb35dbf821ae4f38b,0xdda2802c8a800000,
+        0xe0352f62a19e306e,0xd50b2037ad200000,
+        0x8c213d9da502de45,0x4526f422cc340000,
+        0xaf298d050e4395d6,0x9670b12b7f410000,
+        0xdaf3f04651d47b4c,0x3c0cdd765f114000,
+        0x88d8762bf324cd0f,0xa5880a69fb6ac800,
+        0xab0e93b6efee0053,0x8eea0d047a457a00,
+        0xd5d238a4abe98068,0x72a4904598d6d880,
+        0x85a36366eb71f041,0x47a6da2b7f864750,
+        0xa70c3c40a64e6c51,0x999090b65f67d924,
+        0xd0cf4b50cfe20765,0xfff4b4e3f741cf6d,
+        0x82818f1281ed449f,0xbff8f10e7a8921a4,
+        0xa321f2d7226895c7,0xaff72d52192b6a0d,
+        0xcbea6f8ceb02bb39,0x9bf4f8a69f764490,
+        0xfee50b7025c36a08,0x2f236d04753d5b4,
+        0x9f4f2726179a2245,0x1d762422c946590,
+        0xc722f0ef9d80aad6,0x424d3ad2b7b97ef5,
+        0xf8ebad2b84e0d58b,0xd2e0898765a7deb2,
+        0x9b934c3b330c8577,0x63cc55f49f88eb2f,
+        0xc2781f49ffcfa6d5,0x3cbf6b71c76b25fb,
+        0xf316271c7fc3908a,0x8bef464e3945ef7a,
+        0x97edd871cfda3a56,0x97758bf0e3cbb5ac,
+        0xbde94e8e43d0c8ec,0x3d52eeed1cbea317,
+        0xed63a231d4c4fb27,0x4ca7aaa863ee4bdd,
+        0x945e455f24fb1cf8,0x8fe8caa93e74ef6a,
+        0xb975d6b6ee39e436,0xb3e2fd538e122b44,
+        0xe7d34c64a9c85d44,0x60dbbca87196b616,
+        0x90e40fbeea1d3a4a,0xbc8955e946fe31cd,
+        0xb51d13aea4a488dd,0x6babab6398bdbe41,
+        0xe264589a4dcdab14,0xc696963c7eed2dd1,
+        0x8d7eb76070a08aec,0xfc1e1de5cf543ca2,
+        0xb0de65388cc8ada8,0x3b25a55f43294bcb,
+        0xdd15fe86affad912,0x49ef0eb713f39ebe,
+        0x8a2dbf142dfcc7ab,0x6e3569326c784337,
+        0xacb92ed9397bf996,0x49c2c37f07965404,
+        0xd7e77a8f87daf7fb,0xdc33745ec97be906,
+        0x86f0ac99b4e8dafd,0x69a028bb3ded71a3,
+        0xa8acd7c0222311bc,0xc40832ea0d68ce0c,
+        0xd2d80db02aabd62b,0xf50a3fa490c30190,
+        0x83c7088e1aab65db,0x792667c6da79e0fa,
+        0xa4b8cab1a1563f52,0x577001b891185938,
+        0xcde6fd5e09abcf26,0xed4c0226b55e6f86,
+        0x80b05e5ac60b6178,0x544f8158315b05b4,
+        0xa0dc75f1778e39d6,0x696361ae3db1c721,
+        0xc913936dd571c84c,0x3bc3a19cd1e38e9,
+        0xfb5878494ace3a5f,0x4ab48a04065c723,
+        0x9d174b2dcec0e47b,0x62eb0d64283f9c76,
+        0xc45d1df942711d9a,0x3ba5d0bd324f8394,
+        0xf5746577930d6500,0xca8f44ec7ee36479,
+        0x9968bf6abbe85f20,0x7e998b13cf4e1ecb,
+        0xbfc2ef456ae276e8,0x9e3fedd8c321a67e,
+        0xefb3ab16c59b14a2,0xc5cfe94ef3ea101e,
+        0x95d04aee3b80ece5,0xbba1f1d158724a12,
+        0xbb445da9ca61281f,0x2a8a6e45ae8edc97,
+        0xea1575143cf97226,0xf52d09d71a3293bd,
+        0x924d692ca61be758,0x593c2626705f9c56,
+        0xb6e0c377cfa2e12e,0x6f8b2fb00c77836c,
+        0xe498f455c38b997a,0xb6dfb9c0f956447,
+        0x8edf98b59a373fec,0x4724bd4189bd5eac,
+        0xb2977ee300c50fe7,0x58edec91ec2cb657,
+        0xdf3d5e9bc0f653e1,0x2f2967b66737e3ed,
+        0x8b865b215899f46c,0xbd79e0d20082ee74,
+        0xae67f1e9aec07187,0xecd8590680a3aa11,
+        0xda01ee641a708de9,0xe80e6f4820cc9495,
+        0x884134fe908658b2,0x3109058d147fdcdd,
+        0xaa51823e34a7eede,0xbd4b46f0599fd415,
+        0xd4e5e2cdc1d1ea96,0x6c9e18ac7007c91a,
+        0x850fadc09923329e,0x3e2cf6bc604ddb0,
+        0xa6539930bf6bff45,0x84db8346b786151c,
+        0xcfe87f7cef46ff16,0xe612641865679a63,
+        0x81f14fae158c5f6e,0x4fcb7e8f3f60c07e,
+        0xa26da3999aef7749,0xe3be5e330f38f09d,
+        0xcb090c8001ab551c,0x5cadf5bfd3072cc5,
+        0xfdcb4fa002162a63,0x73d9732fc7c8f7f6,
+        0x9e9f11c4014dda7e,0x2867e7fddcdd9afa,
+        0xc646d63501a1511d,0xb281e1fd541501b8,
+        0xf7d88bc24209a565,0x1f225a7ca91a4226,
+        0x9ae757596946075f,0x3375788de9b06958,
+        0xc1a12d2fc3978937,0x52d6b1641c83ae,
+        0xf209787bb47d6b84,0xc0678c5dbd23a49a,
+        0x9745eb4d50ce6332,0xf840b7ba963646e0,
+        0xbd176620a501fbff,0xb650e5a93bc3d898,
+        0xec5d3fa8ce427aff,0xa3e51f138ab4cebe,
+        0x93ba47c980e98cdf,0xc66f336c36b10137,
+        0xb8a8d9bbe123f017,0xb80b0047445d4184,
+        0xe6d3102ad96cec1d,0xa60dc059157491e5,
+        0x9043ea1ac7e41392,0x87c89837ad68db2f,
+        0xb454e4a179dd1877,0x29babe4598c311fb,
+        0xe16a1dc9d8545e94,0xf4296dd6fef3d67a,
+        0x8ce2529e2734bb1d,0x1899e4a65f58660c,
+        0xb01ae745b101e9e4,0x5ec05dcff72e7f8f,
+        0xdc21a1171d42645d,0x76707543f4fa1f73,
+        0x899504ae72497eba,0x6a06494a791c53a8,
+        0xabfa45da0edbde69,0x487db9d17636892,
+        0xd6f8d7509292d603,0x45a9d2845d3c42b6,
+        0x865b86925b9bc5c2,0xb8a2392ba45a9b2,
+        0xa7f26836f282b732,0x8e6cac7768d7141e,
+        0xd1ef0244af2364ff,0x3207d795430cd926,
+        0x8335616aed761f1f,0x7f44e6bd49e807b8,
+        0xa402b9c5a8d3a6e7,0x5f16206c9c6209a6,
+        0xcd036837130890a1,0x36dba887c37a8c0f,
+        0x802221226be55a64,0xc2494954da2c9789,
+        0xa02aa96b06deb0fd,0xf2db9baa10b7bd6c,
+        0xc83553c5c8965d3d,0x6f92829494e5acc7,
+        0xfa42a8b73abbf48c,0xcb772339ba1f17f9,
+        0x9c69a97284b578d7,0xff2a760414536efb,
+        0xc38413cf25e2d70d,0xfef5138519684aba,
+        0xf46518c2ef5b8cd1,0x7eb258665fc25d69,
+        0x98bf2f79d5993802,0xef2f773ffbd97a61,
+        0xbeeefb584aff8603,0xaafb550ffacfd8fa,
+        0xeeaaba2e5dbf6784,0x95ba2a53f983cf38,
+        0x952ab45cfa97a0b2,0xdd945a747bf26183,
+        0xba756174393d88df,0x94f971119aeef9e4,
+        0xe912b9d1478ceb17,0x7a37cd5601aab85d,
+        0x91abb422ccb812ee,0xac62e055c10ab33a,
+        0xb616a12b7fe617aa,0x577b986b314d6009,
+        0xe39c49765fdf9d94,0xed5a7e85fda0b80b,
+        0x8e41ade9fbebc27d,0x14588f13be847307,
+        0xb1d219647ae6b31c,0x596eb2d8ae258fc8,
+        0xde469fbd99a05fe3,0x6fca5f8ed9aef3bb,
+        0x8aec23d680043bee,0x25de7bb9480d5854,
+        0xada72ccc20054ae9,0xaf561aa79a10ae6a,
+        0xd910f7ff28069da4,0x1b2ba1518094da04,
+        0x87aa9aff79042286,0x90fb44d2f05d0842,
+        0xa99541bf57452b28,0x353a1607ac744a53,
+        0xd3fa922f2d1675f2,0x42889b8997915ce8,
+        0x847c9b5d7c2e09b7,0x69956135febada11,
+        0xa59bc234db398c25,0x43fab9837e699095,
+        0xcf02b2c21207ef2e,0x94f967e45e03f4bb,
+        0x8161afb94b44f57d,0x1d1be0eebac278f5,
+        0xa1ba1ba79e1632dc,0x6462d92a69731732,
+        0xca28a291859bbf93,0x7d7b8f7503cfdcfe,
+        0xfcb2cb35e702af78,0x5cda735244c3d43e,
+        0x9defbf01b061adab,0x3a0888136afa64a7,
+        0xc56baec21c7a1916,0x88aaa1845b8fdd0,
+        0xf6c69a72a3989f5b,0x8aad549e57273d45,
+        0x9a3c2087a63f6399,0x36ac54e2f678864b,
+        0xc0cb28a98fcf3c7f,0x84576a1bb416a7dd,
+        0xf0fdf2d3f3c30b9f,0x656d44a2a11c51d5,
+        0x969eb7c47859e743,0x9f644ae5a4b1b325,
+        0xbc4665b596706114,0x873d5d9f0dde1fee,
+        0xeb57ff22fc0c7959,0xa90cb506d155a7ea,
+        0x9316ff75dd87cbd8,0x9a7f12442d588f2,
+        0xb7dcbf5354e9bece,0xc11ed6d538aeb2f,
+        0xe5d3ef282a242e81,0x8f1668c8a86da5fa,
+        0x8fa475791a569d10,0xf96e017d694487bc,
+        0xb38d92d760ec4455,0x37c981dcc395a9ac,
+        0xe070f78d3927556a,0x85bbe253f47b1417,
+        0x8c469ab843b89562,0x93956d7478ccec8e,
+        0xaf58416654a6babb,0x387ac8d1970027b2,
+        0xdb2e51bfe9d0696a,0x6997b05fcc0319e,
+        0x88fcf317f22241e2,0x441fece3bdf81f03,
+        0xab3c2fddeeaad25a,0xd527e81cad7626c3,
+        0xd60b3bd56a5586f1,0x8a71e223d8d3b074,
+        0x85c7056562757456,0xf6872d5667844e49,
+        0xa738c6bebb12d16c,0xb428f8ac016561db,
+        0xd106f86e69d785c7,0xe13336d701beba52,
+        0x82a45b450226b39c,0xecc0024661173473,
+        0xa34d721642b06084,0x27f002d7f95d0190,
+        0xcc20ce9bd35c78a5,0x31ec038df7b441f4,
+        0xff290242c83396ce,0x7e67047175a15271,
+        0x9f79a169bd203e41,0xf0062c6e984d386,
+        0xc75809c42c684dd1,0x52c07b78a3e60868,
+        0xf92e0c3537826145,0xa7709a56ccdf8a82,
+        0x9bbcc7a142b17ccb,0x88a66076400bb691,
+        0xc2abf989935ddbfe,0x6acff893d00ea435,
+        0xf356f7ebf83552fe,0x583f6b8c4124d43,
+        0x98165af37b2153de,0xc3727a337a8b704a,
+        0xbe1bf1b059e9a8d6,0x744f18c0592e4c5c,
+        0xeda2ee1c7064130c,0x1162def06f79df73,
+        0x9485d4d1c63e8be7,0x8addcb5645ac2ba8,
+        0xb9a74a0637ce2ee1,0x6d953e2bd7173692,
+        0xe8111c87c5c1ba99,0xc8fa8db6ccdd0437,
+        0x910ab1d4db9914a0,0x1d9c9892400a22a2,
+        0xb54d5e4a127f59c8,0x2503beb6d00cab4b,
+        0xe2a0b5dc971f303a,0x2e44ae64840fd61d,
+        0x8da471a9de737e24,0x5ceaecfed289e5d2,
+        0xb10d8e1456105dad,0x7425a83e872c5f47,
+        0xdd50f1996b947518,0xd12f124e28f77719,
+        0x8a5296ffe33cc92f,0x82bd6b70d99aaa6f,
+        0xace73cbfdc0bfb7b,0x636cc64d1001550b,
+        0xd8210befd30efa5a,0x3c47f7e05401aa4e,
+        0x8714a775e3e95c78,0x65acfaec34810a71,
+        0xa8d9d1535ce3b396,0x7f1839a741a14d0d,
+        0xd31045a8341ca07c,0x1ede48111209a050,
+        0x83ea2b892091e44d,0x934aed0aab460432,
+        0xa4e4b66b68b65d60,0xf81da84d5617853f,
+        0xce1de40642e3f4b9,0x36251260ab9d668e,
+        0x80d2ae83e9ce78f3,0xc1d72b7c6b426019,
+        0xa1075a24e4421730,0xb24cf65b8612f81f,
+        0xc94930ae1d529cfc,0xdee033f26797b627,
+        0xfb9b7cd9a4a7443c,0x169840ef017da3b1,
+        0x9d412e0806e88aa5,0x8e1f289560ee864e,
+        0xc491798a08a2ad4e,0xf1a6f2bab92a27e2,
+        0xf5b5d7ec8acb58a2,0xae10af696774b1db,
+        0x9991a6f3d6bf1765,0xacca6da1e0a8ef29,
+        0xbff610b0cc6edd3f,0x17fd090a58d32af3,
+        0xeff394dcff8a948e,0xddfc4b4cef07f5b0,
+        0x95f83d0a1fb69cd9,0x4abdaf101564f98e,
+        0xbb764c4ca7a4440f,0x9d6d1ad41abe37f1,
+        0xea53df5fd18d5513,0x84c86189216dc5ed,
+        0x92746b9be2f8552c,0x32fd3cf5b4e49bb4,
+        0xb7118682dbb66a77,0x3fbc8c33221dc2a1,
+        0xe4d5e82392a40515,0xfabaf3feaa5334a,
+        0x8f05b1163ba6832d,0x29cb4d87f2a7400e,
+        0xb2c71d5bca9023f8,0x743e20e9ef511012,
+        0xdf78e4b2bd342cf6,0x914da9246b255416,
+        0x8bab8eefb6409c1a,0x1ad089b6c2f7548e,
+        0xae9672aba3d0c320,0xa184ac2473b529b1,
+        0xda3c0f568cc4f3e8,0xc9e5d72d90a2741e,
+        0x8865899617fb1871,0x7e2fa67c7a658892,
+        0xaa7eebfb9df9de8d,0xddbb901b98feeab7,
+        0xd51ea6fa85785631,0x552a74227f3ea565,
+        0x8533285c936b35de,0xd53a88958f87275f,
+        0xa67ff273b8460356,0x8a892abaf368f137,
+        0xd01fef10a657842c,0x2d2b7569b0432d85,
+        0x8213f56a67f6b29b,0x9c3b29620e29fc73,
+        0xa298f2c501f45f42,0x8349f3ba91b47b8f,
+        0xcb3f2f7642717713,0x241c70a936219a73,
+        0xfe0efb53d30dd4d7,0xed238cd383aa0110,
+        0x9ec95d1463e8a506,0xf4363804324a40aa,
+        0xc67bb4597ce2ce48,0xb143c6053edcd0d5,
+        0xf81aa16fdc1b81da,0xdd94b7868e94050a,
+        0x9b10a4e5e9913128,0xca7cf2b4191c8326,
+        0xc1d4ce1f63f57d72,0xfd1c2f611f63a3f0,
+        0xf24a01a73cf2dccf,0xbc633b39673c8cec,
+        0x976e41088617ca01,0xd5be0503e085d813,
+        0xbd49d14aa79dbc82,0x4b2d8644d8a74e18,
+        0xec9c459d51852ba2,0xddf8e7d60ed1219e,
+        0x93e1ab8252f33b45,0xcabb90e5c942b503,
+        0xb8da1662e7b00a17,0x3d6a751f3b936243,
+        0xe7109bfba19c0c9d,0xcc512670a783ad4,
+        0x906a617d450187e2,0x27fb2b80668b24c5,
+        0xb484f9dc9641e9da,0xb1f9f660802dedf6,
+        0xe1a63853bbd26451,0x5e7873f8a0396973,
+        0x8d07e33455637eb2,0xdb0b487b6423e1e8,
+        0xb049dc016abc5e5f,0x91ce1a9a3d2cda62,
+        0xdc5c5301c56b75f7,0x7641a140cc7810fb,
+        0x89b9b3e11b6329ba,0xa9e904c87fcb0a9d,
+        0xac2820d9623bf429,0x546345fa9fbdcd44,
+        0xd732290fbacaf133,0xa97c177947ad4095,
+        0x867f59a9d4bed6c0,0x49ed8eabcccc485d,
+        0xa81f301449ee8c70,0x5c68f256bfff5a74,
+        0xd226fc195c6a2f8c,0x73832eec6fff3111,
+        0x83585d8fd9c25db7,0xc831fd53c5ff7eab,
+        0xa42e74f3d032f525,0xba3e7ca8b77f5e55,
+        0xcd3a1230c43fb26f,0x28ce1bd2e55f35eb,
+        0x80444b5e7aa7cf85,0x7980d163cf5b81b3,
+        0xa0555e361951c366,0xd7e105bcc332621f,
+        0xc86ab5c39fa63440,0x8dd9472bf3fefaa7,
+        0xfa856334878fc150,0xb14f98f6f0feb951,
+        0x9c935e00d4b9d8d2,0x6ed1bf9a569f33d3,
+        0xc3b8358109e84f07,0xa862f80ec4700c8,
+        0xf4a642e14c6262c8,0xcd27bb612758c0fa,
+        0x98e7e9cccfbd7dbd,0x8038d51cb897789c,
+        0xbf21e44003acdd2c,0xe0470a63e6bd56c3,
+        0xeeea5d5004981478,0x1858ccfce06cac74,
+        0x95527a5202df0ccb,0xf37801e0c43ebc8,
+        0xbaa718e68396cffd,0xd30560258f54e6ba,
+        0xe950df20247c83fd,0x47c6b82ef32a2069,
+        0x91d28b7416cdd27e,0x4cdc331d57fa5441,
+        0xb6472e511c81471d,0xe0133fe4adf8e952,
+        0xe3d8f9e563a198e5,0x58180fddd97723a6,
+        0x8e679c2f5e44ff8f,0x570f09eaa7ea7648,};
+using powers = powers_template<>;
+
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FASTFLOAT_DECIMAL_TO_BINARY_H
+#define FASTFLOAT_DECIMAL_TO_BINARY_H
+
+#include <cfloat>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+
+namespace duckdb_fast_float {
+
+// This will compute or rather approximate w * 5**q and return a pair of 64-bit words approximating
+// the result, with the "high" part corresponding to the most significant bits and the
+// low part corresponding to the least significant bits.
+//
+template <int bit_precision>
+fastfloat_really_inline
+value128 compute_product_approximation(int64_t q, uint64_t w) {
+  const int index = 2 * int(q - powers::smallest_power_of_five);
+  // For small values of q, e.g., q in [0,27], the answer is always exact because
+  // The line value128 firstproduct = full_multiplication(w, power_of_five_128[index]);
+  // gives the exact answer.
+  value128 firstproduct = full_multiplication(w, powers::power_of_five_128[index]);
+  static_assert((bit_precision >= 0) && (bit_precision <= 64), " precision should  be in (0,64]");
+  constexpr uint64_t precision_mask = (bit_precision < 64) ?
+               (uint64_t(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) >> bit_precision)
+               : uint64_t(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
+  if((firstproduct.high & precision_mask) == precision_mask) { // could further guard with  (lower + w < lower)
+    // regarding the second product, we only need secondproduct.high, but our expectation is that the compiler will optimize this extra work away if needed.
+    value128 secondproduct = full_multiplication(w, powers::power_of_five_128[index + 1]);
+    firstproduct.low += secondproduct.high;
+    if(secondproduct.high > firstproduct.low) {
+      firstproduct.high++;
+    }
+  }
+  return firstproduct;
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+/**
+ * For q in (0,350), we have that
+ *  f = (((152170 + 65536) * q ) >> 16);
+ * is equal to
+ *   floor(p) + q
+ * where
+ *   p = log(5**q)/log(2) = q * log(5)/log(2)
+ *
+ * For negative values of q in (-400,0), we have that 
+ *  f = (((152170 + 65536) * q ) >> 16);
+ * is equal to 
+ *   -ceil(p) + q
+ * where
+ *   p = log(5**-q)/log(2) = -q * log(5)/log(2)
+ */
+  fastfloat_really_inline int power(int q)  noexcept  {
+    return (((152170 + 65536) * q) >> 16) + 63;
+  }
+} // namespace detail
+
+
+// w * 10 ** q
+// The returned value should be a valid ieee64 number that simply need to be packed.
+// However, in some very rare cases, the computation will fail. In such cases, we
+// return an adjusted_mantissa with a negative power of 2: the caller should recompute
+// in such cases.
+template <typename binary>
+fastfloat_really_inline
+adjusted_mantissa compute_float(int64_t q, uint64_t w)  noexcept  {
+  adjusted_mantissa answer;
+  if ((w == 0) || (q < binary::smallest_power_of_ten())) {
+    answer.power2 = 0;
+    answer.mantissa = 0;
+    // result should be zero
+    return answer;
+  }
+  if (q > binary::largest_power_of_ten()) {
+    // we want to get infinity:
+    answer.power2 = binary::infinite_power();
+    answer.mantissa = 0;
+    return answer;
+  }
+  // At this point in time q is in [powers::smallest_power_of_five, powers::largest_power_of_five].
+
+  // We want the most significant bit of i to be 1. Shift if needed.
+  int lz = leading_zeroes(w);
+  w <<= lz;
+
+  // The required precision is binary::mantissa_explicit_bits() + 3 because
+  // 1. We need the implicit bit
+  // 2. We need an extra bit for rounding purposes
+  // 3. We might lose a bit due to the "upperbit" routine (result too small, requiring a shift)
+
+  value128 product = compute_product_approximation<binary::mantissa_explicit_bits() + 3>(q, w);
+  if(product.low == 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) { //  could guard it further
+    // In some very rare cases, this could happen, in which case we might need a more accurate
+    // computation that what we can provide cheaply. This is very, very unlikely.
+    //
+    const bool inside_safe_exponent = (q >= -27) && (q <= 55); // always good because 5**q <2**128 when q>=0, 
+    // and otherwise, for q<0, we have 5**-q<2**64 and the 128-bit reciprocal allows for exact computation.
+    if(!inside_safe_exponent) {
+      answer.power2 = -1; // This (a negative value) indicates an error condition.
+      return answer;
+    }
+  }
+  // The "compute_product_approximation" function can be slightly slower than a branchless approach:
+  // value128 product = compute_product(q, w);
+  // but in practice, we can win big with the compute_product_approximation if its additional branch
+  // is easily predicted. Which is best is data specific.
+  int upperbit = int(product.high >> 63);
+
+  answer.mantissa = product.high >> (upperbit + 64 - binary::mantissa_explicit_bits() - 3);
+
+  answer.power2 = int(detail::power(int(q)) + upperbit - lz - binary::minimum_exponent());
+  if (answer.power2 <= 0) { // we have a subnormal?
+    // Here have that answer.power2 <= 0 so -answer.power2 >= 0
+    if(-answer.power2 + 1 >= 64) { // if we have more than 64 bits below the minimum exponent, you have a zero for sure.
+      answer.power2 = 0;
+      answer.mantissa = 0;
+      // result should be zero
+      return answer;
+    }
+    // next line is safe because -answer.power2 + 1 < 64
+    answer.mantissa >>= -answer.power2 + 1;
+    // Thankfully, we can't have both "round-to-even" and subnormals because
+    // "round-to-even" only occurs for powers close to 0.
+    answer.mantissa += (answer.mantissa & 1); // round up
+    answer.mantissa >>= 1;
+    // There is a weird scenario where we don't have a subnormal but just.
+    // Suppose we start with 2.2250738585072013e-308, we end up
+    // with 0x3fffffffffffff x 2^-1023-53 which is technically subnormal
+    // whereas 0x40000000000000 x 2^-1023-53  is normal. Now, we need to round
+    // up 0x3fffffffffffff x 2^-1023-53  and once we do, we are no longer
+    // subnormal, but we can only know this after rounding.
+    // So we only declare a subnormal if we are smaller than the threshold.
+    answer.power2 = (answer.mantissa < (uint64_t(1) << binary::mantissa_explicit_bits())) ? 0 : 1;
+    return answer;
+  }
+
+  // usually, we round *up*, but if we fall right in between and and we have an
+  // even basis, we need to round down
+  // We are only concerned with the cases where 5**q fits in single 64-bit word.
+  if ((product.low <= 1) &&  (q >= binary::min_exponent_round_to_even()) && (q <= binary::max_exponent_round_to_even()) &&
+      ((answer.mantissa & 3) == 1) ) { // we may fall between two floats!
+    // To be in-between two floats we need that in doing
+    //   answer.mantissa = product.high >> (upperbit + 64 - binary::mantissa_explicit_bits() - 3);
+    // ... we dropped out only zeroes. But if this happened, then we can go back!!!
+    if((answer.mantissa  << (upperbit + 64 - binary::mantissa_explicit_bits() - 3)) ==  product.high) {
+      answer.mantissa &= ~uint64_t(1);          // flip it so that we do not round up
+    }
+  }
+
+  answer.mantissa += (answer.mantissa & 1); // round up
+  answer.mantissa >>= 1;
+  if (answer.mantissa >= (uint64_t(2) << binary::mantissa_explicit_bits())) {
+    answer.mantissa = (uint64_t(1) << binary::mantissa_explicit_bits());
+    answer.power2++; // undo previous addition
+  }
+
+  answer.mantissa &= ~(uint64_t(1) << binary::mantissa_explicit_bits());
+  if (answer.power2 >= binary::infinite_power()) { // infinity
+    answer.power2 = binary::infinite_power();
+    answer.mantissa = 0;
+  }
+  return answer;
+}
+
+
+} // namespace duckdb_fast_float
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef FASTFLOAT_ASCII_NUMBER_H
+#define FASTFLOAT_ASCII_NUMBER_H
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+
+
+namespace duckdb_fast_float {
+
+// Next function can be micro-optimized, but compilers are entirely
+// able to optimize it well.
+fastfloat_really_inline bool is_integer(char c)  noexcept  { return c >= '0' && c <= '9'; }
+
+fastfloat_really_inline uint64_t byteswap(uint64_t val) {
+  return (val & 0xFF00000000000000) >> 56
+    | (val & 0x00FF000000000000) >> 40
+    | (val & 0x0000FF0000000000) >> 24
+    | (val & 0x000000FF00000000) >> 8
+    | (val & 0x00000000FF000000) << 8
+    | (val & 0x0000000000FF0000) << 24
+    | (val & 0x000000000000FF00) << 40
+    | (val & 0x00000000000000FF) << 56;
+}
+
+fastfloat_really_inline uint64_t read_u64(const char *chars) {
+  uint64_t val;
+  ::memcpy(&val, chars, sizeof(uint64_t));
+#if FASTFLOAT_IS_BIG_ENDIAN == 1
+  // Need to read as-if the number was in little-endian order.
+  val = byteswap(val);
+#endif
+  return val;
+}
+
+fastfloat_really_inline void write_u64(uint8_t *chars, uint64_t val) {
+#if FASTFLOAT_IS_BIG_ENDIAN == 1
+  // Need to read as-if the number was in little-endian order.
+  val = byteswap(val);
+#endif
+  ::memcpy(chars, &val, sizeof(uint64_t));
+}
+
+// credit  @aqrit
+fastfloat_really_inline uint32_t  parse_eight_digits_unrolled(uint64_t val) {
+  const uint64_t mask = 0x000000FF000000FF;
+  const uint64_t mul1 = 0x000F424000000064; // 100 + (1000000ULL << 32)
+  const uint64_t mul2 = 0x0000271000000001; // 1 + (10000ULL << 32)
+  val -= 0x3030303030303030;
+  val = (val * 10) + (val >> 8); // val = (val * 2561) >> 8;
+  val = (((val & mask) * mul1) + (((val >> 16) & mask) * mul2)) >> 32;
+  return uint32_t(val);
+}
+
+fastfloat_really_inline uint32_t parse_eight_digits_unrolled(const char *chars)  noexcept  {
+  return parse_eight_digits_unrolled(read_u64(chars));
+}
+
+// credit @aqrit
+fastfloat_really_inline bool is_made_of_eight_digits_fast(uint64_t val)  noexcept  {
+  return !((((val + 0x4646464646464646) | (val - 0x3030303030303030)) &
+     0x8080808080808080));
+}
+
+fastfloat_really_inline bool is_made_of_eight_digits_fast(const char *chars)  noexcept  {
+  return is_made_of_eight_digits_fast(read_u64(chars));
+}
+
+struct parsed_number_string {
+  int64_t exponent;
+  uint64_t mantissa;
+  const char *lastmatch;
+  bool negative;
+  bool valid;
+  bool too_many_digits;
+};
+
+
+// Assuming that you use no more than 19 digits, this will
+// parse an ASCII string.
+fastfloat_really_inline
+parsed_number_string parse_number_string(const char *p, const char *pend, chars_format fmt) noexcept {
+  parsed_number_string answer;
+  answer.valid = false;
+  answer.too_many_digits = false;
+  answer.negative = (*p == '-');
+  if (*p == '-') { // C++17 20.19.3.(7.1) explicitly forbids '+' sign here
+    ++p;
+    if (p == pend) {
+      return answer;
+    }
+    if (!is_integer(*p) && (*p != '.')) { // a  sign must be followed by an integer or the dot
+      return answer;
+    }
+  }
+  const char *const start_digits = p;
+
+  uint64_t i = 0; // an unsigned int avoids signed overflows (which are bad)
+
+  while ((p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+    // a multiplication by 10 is cheaper than an arbitrary integer
+    // multiplication
+    i = 10 * i +
+        uint64_t(*p - '0'); // might overflow, we will handle the overflow later
+    ++p;
+  }
+  const char *const end_of_integer_part = p;
+  int64_t digit_count = int64_t(end_of_integer_part - start_digits);
+  int64_t exponent = 0;
+  if ((p != pend) && (*p == '.')) {
+    ++p;
+  // Fast approach only tested under little endian systems
+  if ((p + 8 <= pend) && is_made_of_eight_digits_fast(p)) {
+    i = i * 100000000 + parse_eight_digits_unrolled(p); // in rare cases, this will overflow, but that's ok
+    p += 8;
+    if ((p + 8 <= pend) && is_made_of_eight_digits_fast(p)) {
+      i = i * 100000000 + parse_eight_digits_unrolled(p); // in rare cases, this will overflow, but that's ok
+      p += 8;
+    }
+  }
+    while ((p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+      uint8_t digit = uint8_t(*p - '0');
+      ++p;
+      i = i * 10 + digit; // in rare cases, this will overflow, but that's ok
+    }
+    exponent = end_of_integer_part + 1 - p;
+    digit_count -= exponent;
+  }
+  // we must have encountered at least one integer!
+  if (digit_count == 0) {
+    return answer;
+  }
+  int64_t exp_number = 0;            // explicit exponential part
+  if ((fmt & chars_format::scientific) && (p != pend) && (('e' == *p) || ('E' == *p))) {
+    const char * location_of_e = p;
+    ++p;
+    bool neg_exp = false;
+    if ((p != pend) && ('-' == *p)) {
+      neg_exp = true;
+      ++p;
+    } else if ((p != pend) && ('+' == *p)) { // '+' on exponent is allowed by C++17 20.19.3.(7.1)
+      ++p;
+    }
+    if ((p == pend) || !is_integer(*p)) {
+      if(!(fmt & chars_format::fixed)) {
+        // We are in error.
+        return answer;
+      }
+      // Otherwise, we will be ignoring the 'e'.
+      p = location_of_e;
+    } else {
+      while ((p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+        uint8_t digit = uint8_t(*p - '0');
+        if (exp_number < 0x10000) {
+          exp_number = 10 * exp_number + digit;
+        }
+        ++p;
+      }
+      if(neg_exp) { exp_number = - exp_number; }
+      exponent += exp_number;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // If it scientific and not fixed, we have to bail out.
+    if((fmt & chars_format::scientific) && !(fmt & chars_format::fixed)) { return answer; }
+  }
+  answer.lastmatch = p;
+  answer.valid = true;
+
+  // If we frequently had to deal with long strings of digits,
+  // we could extend our code by using a 128-bit integer instead
+  // of a 64-bit integer. However, this is uncommon.
+  //
+  // We can deal with up to 19 digits.
+  if (digit_count > 19) { // this is uncommon
+    // It is possible that the integer had an overflow.
+    // We have to handle the case where we have 0.0000somenumber.
+    // We need to be mindful of the case where we only have zeroes...
+    // E.g., 0.000000000...000.
+    const char *start = start_digits;
+    while ((start != pend) && (*start == '0' || *start == '.')) {
+      if(*start == '0') { digit_count --; }
+      start++;
+    }
+    if (digit_count > 19) {
+      answer.too_many_digits = true;
+      // Let us start again, this time, avoiding overflows.
+      i = 0;
+      p = start_digits;
+      const uint64_t minimal_nineteen_digit_integer{1000000000000000000};
+      while((i < minimal_nineteen_digit_integer) && (p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+        i = i * 10 + uint64_t(*p - '0');
+        ++p;
+      }
+      if (i >= minimal_nineteen_digit_integer) { // We have a big integers
+        exponent = end_of_integer_part - p + exp_number;
+      } else { // We have a value with a fractional component.
+          p++; // skip the '.'
+          const char *first_after_period = p;
+          while((i < minimal_nineteen_digit_integer) && (p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+            i = i * 10 + uint64_t(*p - '0');
+            ++p;
+          }
+          exponent = first_after_period - p + exp_number;
+      }
+      // We have now corrected both exponent and i, to a truncated value
+    }
+  }
+  answer.exponent = exponent;
+  answer.mantissa = i;
+  return answer;
+}
+
+
+// This should always succeed since it follows a call to parse_number_string
+// This function could be optimized. In particular, we could stop after 19 digits
+// and try to bail out. Furthermore, we should be able to recover the computed
+// exponent from the pass in parse_number_string.
+fastfloat_really_inline decimal parse_decimal(const char *p, const char *pend) noexcept {
+  decimal answer;
+  answer.num_digits = 0;
+  answer.decimal_point = 0;
+  answer.truncated = false;
+  answer.negative = (*p == '-');
+  if (*p == '-') { // C++17 20.19.3.(7.1) explicitly forbids '+' sign here
+    ++p;
+  }
+  // skip leading zeroes
+  while ((p != pend) && (*p == '0')) {
+    ++p;
+  }
+  while ((p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+    if (answer.num_digits < max_digits) {
+      answer.digits[answer.num_digits] = uint8_t(*p - '0');
+    }
+    answer.num_digits++;
+    ++p;
+  }
+  if ((p != pend) && (*p == '.')) {
+    ++p;
+    const char *first_after_period = p;
+    // if we have not yet encountered a zero, we have to skip it as well
+    if(answer.num_digits == 0) {
+      // skip zeros
+      while ((p != pend) && (*p == '0')) {
+       ++p;
+      }
+    }
+    // We expect that this loop will often take the bulk of the running time
+    // because when a value has lots of digits, these digits often
+    while ((p + 8 <= pend) && (answer.num_digits + 8 < max_digits)) {
+      uint64_t val = read_u64(p);
+      if(! is_made_of_eight_digits_fast(val)) { break; }
+      // We have eight digits, process them in one go!
+      val -= 0x3030303030303030;
+      write_u64(answer.digits + answer.num_digits, val);
+      answer.num_digits += 8;
+      p += 8;
+    }
+    while ((p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+      if (answer.num_digits < max_digits) {
+        answer.digits[answer.num_digits] = uint8_t(*p - '0');
+      }
+      answer.num_digits++;
+      ++p;
+    }
+    answer.decimal_point = int32_t(first_after_period - p);
+  }
+  // We want num_digits to be the number of significant digits, excluding
+  // leading *and* trailing zeros! Otherwise the truncated flag later is
+  // going to be misleading.
+  if(answer.num_digits > 0) {
+    // We potentially need the answer.num_digits > 0 guard because we
+    // prune leading zeros. So with answer.num_digits > 0, we know that
+    // we have at least one non-zero digit.
+    const char *preverse = p - 1;
+    int32_t trailing_zeros = 0;
+    while ((*preverse == '0') || (*preverse == '.')) {
+      if(*preverse == '0') { trailing_zeros++; };
+      --preverse;
+    }
+    answer.decimal_point += int32_t(answer.num_digits);
+    answer.num_digits -= uint32_t(trailing_zeros);
+  }
+  if(answer.num_digits > max_digits) {
+    answer.truncated = true;
+    answer.num_digits = max_digits;
+  }
+  if ((p != pend) && (('e' == *p) || ('E' == *p))) {
+    ++p;
+    bool neg_exp = false;
+    if ((p != pend) && ('-' == *p)) {
+      neg_exp = true;
+      ++p;
+    } else if ((p != pend) && ('+' == *p)) { // '+' on exponent is allowed by C++17 20.19.3.(7.1)
+      ++p;
+    }
+    int32_t exp_number = 0; // exponential part
+    while ((p != pend) && is_integer(*p)) {
+      uint8_t digit = uint8_t(*p - '0');
+      if (exp_number < 0x10000) {
+        exp_number = 10 * exp_number + digit;
+      }
+      ++p;
+    }
+    answer.decimal_point += (neg_exp ? -exp_number : exp_number);
+  }
+  // In very rare cases, we may have fewer than 19 digits, we want to be able to reliably
+  // assume that all digits up to max_digit_without_overflow have been initialized.
+  for(uint32_t i = answer.num_digits; i < max_digit_without_overflow; i++) { answer.digits[i] = 0; }
+
+  return answer;
+}
+} // namespace duckdb_fast_float
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef FASTFLOAT_GENERIC_DECIMAL_TO_BINARY_H
+#define FASTFLOAT_GENERIC_DECIMAL_TO_BINARY_H
+
+/**
+ * This code is meant to handle the case where we have more than 19 digits.
+ *
+ * It is based on work by Nigel Tao (at https://github.com/google/wuffs/)
+ * who credits Ken Thompson for the design (via a reference to the Go source
+ * code).
+ *
+ * Rob Pike suggested that this algorithm be called "Simple Decimal Conversion".
+ *
+ * It is probably not very fast but it is a fallback that should almost never
+ * be used in real life. Though it is not fast, it is "easily" understood and debugged.
+ **/
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace duckdb_fast_float {
+
+namespace detail {
+
+// remove all final zeroes
+inline void trim(decimal &h) {
+  while ((h.num_digits > 0) && (h.digits[h.num_digits - 1] == 0)) {
+    h.num_digits--;
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+inline uint32_t number_of_digits_decimal_left_shift(const decimal &h, uint32_t shift) {
+  shift &= 63;
+  const static uint16_t number_of_digits_decimal_left_shift_table[65] = {
+    0x0000, 0x0800, 0x0801, 0x0803, 0x1006, 0x1009, 0x100D, 0x1812, 0x1817,
+    0x181D, 0x2024, 0x202B, 0x2033, 0x203C, 0x2846, 0x2850, 0x285B, 0x3067,
+    0x3073, 0x3080, 0x388E, 0x389C, 0x38AB, 0x38BB, 0x40CC, 0x40DD, 0x40EF,
+    0x4902, 0x4915, 0x4929, 0x513E, 0x5153, 0x5169, 0x5180, 0x5998, 0x59B0,
+    0x59C9, 0x61E3, 0x61FD, 0x6218, 0x6A34, 0x6A50, 0x6A6D, 0x6A8B, 0x72AA,
+    0x72C9, 0x72E9, 0x7B0A, 0x7B2B, 0x7B4D, 0x8370, 0x8393, 0x83B7, 0x83DC,
+    0x8C02, 0x8C28, 0x8C4F, 0x9477, 0x949F, 0x94C8, 0x9CF2, 0x051C, 0x051C,
+    0x051C, 0x051C,
+  };
+  uint32_t x_a = number_of_digits_decimal_left_shift_table[shift];
+  uint32_t x_b = number_of_digits_decimal_left_shift_table[shift + 1];
+  uint32_t num_new_digits = x_a >> 11;
+  uint32_t pow5_a = 0x7FF & x_a;
+  uint32_t pow5_b = 0x7FF & x_b;
+  const static uint8_t
+    number_of_digits_decimal_left_shift_table_powers_of_5[0x051C] = {
+        5, 2, 5, 1, 2, 5, 6, 2, 5, 3, 1, 2, 5, 1, 5, 6, 2, 5, 7, 8, 1, 2, 5, 3,
+        9, 0, 6, 2, 5, 1, 9, 5, 3, 1, 2, 5, 9, 7, 6, 5, 6, 2, 5, 4, 8, 8, 2, 8,
+        1, 2, 5, 2, 4, 4, 1, 4, 0, 6, 2, 5, 1, 2, 2, 0, 7, 0, 3, 1, 2, 5, 6, 1,
+        0, 3, 5, 1, 5, 6, 2, 5, 3, 0, 5, 1, 7, 5, 7, 8, 1, 2, 5, 1, 5, 2, 5, 8,
+        7, 8, 9, 0, 6, 2, 5, 7, 6, 2, 9, 3, 9, 4, 5, 3, 1, 2, 5, 3, 8, 1, 4, 6,
+        9, 7, 2, 6, 5, 6, 2, 5, 1, 9, 0, 7, 3, 4, 8, 6, 3, 2, 8, 1, 2, 5, 9, 5,
+        3, 6, 7, 4, 3, 1, 6, 4, 0, 6, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 8, 3, 7, 1, 5, 8, 2, 0, 3,
+        1, 2, 5, 2, 3, 8, 4, 1, 8, 5, 7, 9, 1, 0, 1, 5, 6, 2, 5, 1, 1, 9, 2, 0,
+        9, 2, 8, 9, 5, 5, 0, 7, 8, 1, 2, 5, 5, 9, 6, 0, 4, 6, 4, 4, 7, 7, 5, 3,
+        9, 0, 6, 2, 5, 2, 9, 8, 0, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 8, 7, 6, 9, 5, 3, 1, 2, 5, 1,
+        4, 9, 0, 1, 1, 6, 1, 1, 9, 3, 8, 4, 7, 6, 5, 6, 2, 5, 7, 4, 5, 0, 5, 8,
+        0, 5, 9, 6, 9, 2, 3, 8, 2, 8, 1, 2, 5, 3, 7, 2, 5, 2, 9, 0, 2, 9, 8, 4,
+        6, 1, 9, 1, 4, 0, 6, 2, 5, 1, 8, 6, 2, 6, 4, 5, 1, 4, 9, 2, 3, 0, 9, 5,
+        7, 0, 3, 1, 2, 5, 9, 3, 1, 3, 2, 2, 5, 7, 4, 6, 1, 5, 4, 7, 8, 5, 1, 5,
+        6, 2, 5, 4, 6, 5, 6, 6, 1, 2, 8, 7, 3, 0, 7, 7, 3, 9, 2, 5, 7, 8, 1, 2,
+        5, 2, 3, 2, 8, 3, 0, 6, 4, 3, 6, 5, 3, 8, 6, 9, 6, 2, 8, 9, 0, 6, 2, 5,
+        1, 1, 6, 4, 1, 5, 3, 2, 1, 8, 2, 6, 9, 3, 4, 8, 1, 4, 4, 5, 3, 1, 2, 5,
+        5, 8, 2, 0, 7, 6, 6, 0, 9, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 4, 0, 7, 2, 2, 6, 5, 6, 2, 5,
+        2, 9, 1, 0, 3, 8, 3, 0, 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, 3, 7, 0, 3, 6, 1, 3, 2, 8, 1, 2,
+        5, 1, 4, 5, 5, 1, 9, 1, 5, 2, 2, 8, 3, 6, 6, 8, 5, 1, 8, 0, 6, 6, 4, 0,
+        6, 2, 5, 7, 2, 7, 5, 9, 5, 7, 6, 1, 4, 1, 8, 3, 4, 2, 5, 9, 0, 3, 3, 2,
+        0, 3, 1, 2, 5, 3, 6, 3, 7, 9, 7, 8, 8, 0, 7, 0, 9, 1, 7, 1, 2, 9, 5, 1,
+        6, 6, 0, 1, 5, 6, 2, 5, 1, 8, 1, 8, 9, 8, 9, 4, 0, 3, 5, 4, 5, 8, 5, 6,
+        4, 7, 5, 8, 3, 0, 0, 7, 8, 1, 2, 5, 9, 0, 9, 4, 9, 4, 7, 0, 1, 7, 7, 2,
+        9, 2, 8, 2, 3, 7, 9, 1, 5, 0, 3, 9, 0, 6, 2, 5, 4, 5, 4, 7, 4, 7, 3, 5,
+        0, 8, 8, 6, 4, 6, 4, 1, 1, 8, 9, 5, 7, 5, 1, 9, 5, 3, 1, 2, 5, 2, 2, 7,
+        3, 7, 3, 6, 7, 5, 4, 4, 3, 2, 3, 2, 0, 5, 9, 4, 7, 8, 7, 5, 9, 7, 6, 5,
+        6, 2, 5, 1, 1, 3, 6, 8, 6, 8, 3, 7, 7, 2, 1, 6, 1, 6, 0, 2, 9, 7, 3, 9,
+        3, 7, 9, 8, 8, 2, 8, 1, 2, 5, 5, 6, 8, 4, 3, 4, 1, 8, 8, 6, 0, 8, 0, 8,
+        0, 1, 4, 8, 6, 9, 6, 8, 9, 9, 4, 1, 4, 0, 6, 2, 5, 2, 8, 4, 2, 1, 7, 0,
+        9, 4, 3, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 0, 7, 4, 3, 4, 8, 4, 4, 9, 7, 0, 7, 0, 3, 1, 2,
+        5, 1, 4, 2, 1, 0, 8, 5, 4, 7, 1, 5, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 3, 7, 1, 7, 4, 2, 2,
+        4, 8, 5, 3, 5, 1, 5, 6, 2, 5, 7, 1, 0, 5, 4, 2, 7, 3, 5, 7, 6, 0, 1, 0,
+        0, 1, 8, 5, 8, 7, 1, 1, 2, 4, 2, 6, 7, 5, 7, 8, 1, 2, 5, 3, 5, 5, 2, 7,
+        1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 8, 0, 0, 5, 0, 0, 9, 2, 9, 3, 5, 5, 6, 2, 1, 3, 3, 7, 8,
+        9, 0, 6, 2, 5, 1, 7, 7, 6, 3, 5, 6, 8, 3, 9, 4, 0, 0, 2, 5, 0, 4, 6, 4,
+        6, 7, 7, 8, 1, 0, 6, 6, 8, 9, 4, 5, 3, 1, 2, 5, 8, 8, 8, 1, 7, 8, 4, 1,
+        9, 7, 0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 8, 9, 0, 5, 3, 3, 4, 4, 7, 2, 6, 5,
+        6, 2, 5, 4, 4, 4, 0, 8, 9, 2, 0, 9, 8, 5, 0, 0, 6, 2, 6, 1, 6, 1, 6, 9,
+        4, 5, 2, 6, 6, 7, 2, 3, 6, 3, 2, 8, 1, 2, 5, 2, 2, 2, 0, 4, 4, 6, 0, 4,
+        9, 2, 5, 0, 3, 1, 3, 0, 8, 0, 8, 4, 7, 2, 6, 3, 3, 3, 6, 1, 8, 1, 6, 4,
+        0, 6, 2, 5, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 3, 0, 2, 4, 6, 2, 5, 1, 5, 6, 5, 4, 0, 4,
+        2, 3, 6, 3, 1, 6, 6, 8, 0, 9, 0, 8, 2, 0, 3, 1, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1, 1, 1,
+        5, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 2, 7, 0, 2, 1, 1, 8, 1, 5, 8, 3, 4, 0, 4, 5,
+        4, 1, 0, 1, 5, 6, 2, 5, 2, 7, 7, 5, 5, 5, 7, 5, 6, 1, 5, 6, 2, 8, 9, 1,
+        3, 5, 1, 0, 5, 9, 0, 7, 9, 1, 7, 0, 2, 2, 7, 0, 5, 0, 7, 8, 1, 2, 5, 1,
+        3, 8, 7, 7, 7, 8, 7, 8, 0, 7, 8, 1, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 5, 5, 2, 9, 5, 3, 9,
+        5, 8, 5, 1, 1, 3, 5, 2, 5, 3, 9, 0, 6, 2, 5, 6, 9, 3, 8, 8, 9, 3, 9, 0,
+        3, 9, 0, 7, 2, 2, 8, 3, 7, 7, 6, 4, 7, 6, 9, 7, 9, 2, 5, 5, 6, 7, 6, 2,
+        6, 9, 5, 3, 1, 2, 5, 3, 4, 6, 9, 4, 4, 6, 9, 5, 1, 9, 5, 3, 6, 1, 4, 1,
+        8, 8, 8, 2, 3, 8, 4, 8, 9, 6, 2, 7, 8, 3, 8, 1, 3, 4, 7, 6, 5, 6, 2, 5,
+        1, 7, 3, 4, 7, 2, 3, 4, 7, 5, 9, 7, 6, 8, 0, 7, 0, 9, 4, 4, 1, 1, 9, 2,
+        4, 4, 8, 1, 3, 9, 1, 9, 0, 6, 7, 3, 8, 2, 8, 1, 2, 5, 8, 6, 7, 3, 6, 1,
+        7, 3, 7, 9, 8, 8, 4, 0, 3, 5, 4, 7, 2, 0, 5, 9, 6, 2, 2, 4, 0, 6, 9, 5,
+        9, 5, 3, 3, 6, 9, 1, 4, 0, 6, 2, 5,
+  };
+  const uint8_t *pow5 =
+      &number_of_digits_decimal_left_shift_table_powers_of_5[pow5_a];
+  uint32_t i = 0;
+  uint32_t n = pow5_b - pow5_a;
+  for (; i < n; i++) {
+    if (i >= h.num_digits) {
+      return num_new_digits - 1;
+    } else if (h.digits[i] == pow5[i]) {
+      continue;
+    } else if (h.digits[i] < pow5[i]) {
+      return num_new_digits - 1;
+    } else {
+      return num_new_digits;
+    }
+  }
+  return num_new_digits;
+}
+
+inline uint64_t round(decimal &h) {
+  if ((h.num_digits == 0) || (h.decimal_point < 0)) {
+    return 0;
+  } else if (h.decimal_point > 18) {
+    return UINT64_MAX;
+  }
+  // at this point, we know that h.decimal_point >= 0
+  uint32_t dp = uint32_t(h.decimal_point);
+  uint64_t n = 0;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dp; i++) {
+    n = (10 * n) + ((i < h.num_digits) ? h.digits[i] : 0);
+  }
+  bool round_up = false;
+  if (dp < h.num_digits) {
+    round_up = h.digits[dp] >= 5; // normally, we round up  
+    // but we may need to round to even!
+    if ((h.digits[dp] == 5) && (dp + 1 == h.num_digits)) {
+      round_up = h.truncated || ((dp > 0) && (1 & h.digits[dp - 1]));
+    }
+  }
+  if (round_up) {
+    n++;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+// computes h * 2^-shift
+inline void decimal_left_shift(decimal &h, uint32_t shift) {
+  if (h.num_digits == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  uint32_t num_new_digits = number_of_digits_decimal_left_shift(h, shift);
+  int32_t read_index = int32_t(h.num_digits - 1);
+  uint32_t write_index = h.num_digits - 1 + num_new_digits;
+  uint64_t n = 0;
+
+  while (read_index >= 0) {
+    n += uint64_t(h.digits[read_index]) << shift;
+    uint64_t quotient = n / 10;
+    uint64_t remainder = n - (10 * quotient);
+    if (write_index < max_digits) {
+      h.digits[write_index] = uint8_t(remainder);
+    } else if (remainder > 0) {
+      h.truncated = true;
+    }
+    n = quotient;
+    write_index--;
+    read_index--;
+  }
+  while (n > 0) {
+    uint64_t quotient = n / 10;
+    uint64_t remainder = n - (10 * quotient);
+    if (write_index < max_digits) {
+      h.digits[write_index] = uint8_t(remainder);
+    } else if (remainder > 0) {
+      h.truncated = true;
+    }
+    n = quotient;
+    write_index--;
+  }
+  h.num_digits += num_new_digits;
+  if (h.num_digits > max_digits) {
+    h.num_digits = max_digits;
+  }
+  h.decimal_point += int32_t(num_new_digits);
+  trim(h);
+}
+
+// computes h * 2^shift
+inline void decimal_right_shift(decimal &h, uint32_t shift) {
+  uint32_t read_index = 0;
+  uint32_t write_index = 0;
+
+  uint64_t n = 0;
+
+  while ((n >> shift) == 0) {
+    if (read_index < h.num_digits) {
+      n = (10 * n) + h.digits[read_index++];
+    } else if (n == 0) {
+      return;
+    } else {
+      while ((n >> shift) == 0) {
+        n = 10 * n;
+        read_index++;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  h.decimal_point -= int32_t(read_index - 1);
+  if (h.decimal_point < -decimal_point_range) { // it is zero
+    h.num_digits = 0;
+    h.decimal_point = 0;
+    h.negative = false;
+    h.truncated = false;
+    return;
+  }
+  uint64_t mask = (uint64_t(1) << shift) - 1;
+  while (read_index < h.num_digits) {
+    uint8_t new_digit = uint8_t(n >> shift);
+    n = (10 * (n & mask)) + h.digits[read_index++];
+    h.digits[write_index++] = new_digit;
+  }
+  while (n > 0) {
+    uint8_t new_digit = uint8_t(n >> shift);
+    n = 10 * (n & mask);
+    if (write_index < max_digits) {
+      h.digits[write_index++] = new_digit;
+    } else if (new_digit > 0) {
+      h.truncated = true;
+    }
+  }
+  h.num_digits = write_index;
+  trim(h);
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename binary>
+adjusted_mantissa compute_float(decimal &d) {
+  adjusted_mantissa answer;
+  if (d.num_digits == 0) {
+    // should be zero
+    answer.power2 = 0;
+    answer.mantissa = 0;
+    return answer;
+  }
+  // At this point, going further, we can assume that d.num_digits > 0.
+  //
+  // We want to guard against excessive decimal point values because
+  // they can result in long running times. Indeed, we do
+  // shifts by at most 60 bits. We have that log(10**400)/log(2**60) ~= 22
+  // which is fine, but log(10**299995)/log(2**60) ~= 16609 which is not
+  // fine (runs for a long time).
+  //
+  if(d.decimal_point < -324) {
+    // We have something smaller than 1e-324 which is always zero
+    // in binary64 and binary32.
+    // It should be zero.
+    answer.power2 = 0;
+    answer.mantissa = 0;
+    return answer;
+  } else if(d.decimal_point >= 310) {
+    // We have something at least as large as 0.1e310 which is
+    // always infinite.  
+    answer.power2 = binary::infinite_power();
+    answer.mantissa = 0;
+    return answer;
+  }
+  static const uint32_t max_shift = 60;
+  static const uint32_t num_powers = 19;
+  static const uint8_t decimal_powers[19] = {
+      0,  3,  6,  9,  13, 16, 19, 23, 26, 29, //
+      33, 36, 39, 43, 46, 49, 53, 56, 59,     //
+  };
+  int32_t exp2 = 0;
+  while (d.decimal_point > 0) {
+    uint32_t n = uint32_t(d.decimal_point);
+    uint32_t shift = (n < num_powers) ? decimal_powers[n] : max_shift;
+    detail::decimal_right_shift(d, shift);
+    if (d.decimal_point < -decimal_point_range) {
+      // should be zero
+      answer.power2 = 0;
+      answer.mantissa = 0;
+      return answer;
+    }
+    exp2 += int32_t(shift);
+  }
+  // We shift left toward [1/2 ... 1].
+  while (d.decimal_point <= 0) {
+    uint32_t shift;
+    if (d.decimal_point == 0) {
+      if (d.digits[0] >= 5) {
+        break;
+      }
+      shift = (d.digits[0] < 2) ? 2 : 1;
+    } else {
+      uint32_t n = uint32_t(-d.decimal_point);
+      shift = (n < num_powers) ? decimal_powers[n] : max_shift;
+    }
+    detail::decimal_left_shift(d, shift);
+    if (d.decimal_point > decimal_point_range) {
+      // we want to get infinity:
+      answer.power2 = binary::infinite_power();
+      answer.mantissa = 0;
+      return answer;
+    }
+    exp2 -= int32_t(shift);
+  }
+  // We are now in the range [1/2 ... 1] but the binary format uses [1 ... 2].
+  exp2--;
+  constexpr int32_t minimum_exponent = binary::minimum_exponent();
+  while ((minimum_exponent + 1) > exp2) {
+    uint32_t n = uint32_t((minimum_exponent + 1) - exp2);
+    if (n > max_shift) {
+      n = max_shift;
+    }
+    detail::decimal_right_shift(d, n);
+    exp2 += int32_t(n);
+  }
+  if ((exp2 - minimum_exponent) >= binary::infinite_power()) {
+    answer.power2 = binary::infinite_power();
+    answer.mantissa = 0;
+    return answer;
+  }
+
+  const int mantissa_size_in_bits = binary::mantissa_explicit_bits() + 1;
+  detail::decimal_left_shift(d, mantissa_size_in_bits);
+
+  uint64_t mantissa = detail::round(d);
+  // It is possible that we have an overflow, in which case we need
+  // to shift back.
+  if(mantissa >= (uint64_t(1) << mantissa_size_in_bits)) {
+    detail::decimal_right_shift(d, 1);
+    exp2 += 1;
+    mantissa = detail::round(d);
+    if ((exp2 - minimum_exponent) >= binary::infinite_power()) {
+      answer.power2 = binary::infinite_power();
+      answer.mantissa = 0;
+      return answer;
+    }
+  }
+  answer.power2 = exp2  - binary::minimum_exponent();
+  if(mantissa < (uint64_t(1) << binary::mantissa_explicit_bits())) { answer.power2--; }
+  answer.mantissa = mantissa & ((uint64_t(1) << binary::mantissa_explicit_bits()) - 1);
+  return answer;
+}
+
+template <typename binary>
+adjusted_mantissa parse_long_mantissa(const char *first, const char* last) {
+    decimal d = parse_decimal(first, last);
+    return compute_float<binary>(d);
+}
+
+} // namespace duckdb_fast_float
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef FASTFLOAT_PARSE_NUMBER_H
+#define FASTFLOAT_PARSE_NUMBER_H
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
+#include <system_error>
+
+namespace duckdb_fast_float {
+
+
+namespace detail {
+/**
+ * Special case +inf, -inf, nan, infinity, -infinity.
+ * The case comparisons could be made much faster given that we know that the
+ * strings a null-free and fixed.
+ **/
+template <typename T>
+from_chars_result parse_infnan(const char *first, const char *last, T &value)  noexcept  {
+  from_chars_result answer;
+  answer.ptr = first;
+  answer.ec = std::errc(); // be optimistic
+  bool minusSign = false;
+  if (*first == '-') { // assume first < last, so dereference without checks; C++17 20.19.3.(7.1) explicitly forbids '+' here
+      minusSign = true;
+      ++first;
+  }
+  if (last - first >= 3) {
+    if (fastfloat_strncasecmp(first, "nan", 3)) {
+      answer.ptr = (first += 3);
+      value = minusSign ? -std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN() : std::numeric_limits<T>::quiet_NaN();
+      // Check for possible nan(n-char-seq-opt), C++17 20.19.3.7, C11 7.20.1.3.3. At least MSVC produces nan(ind) and nan(snan).
+      if(first != last && *first == '(') {
+        for(const char* ptr = first + 1; ptr != last; ++ptr) {
+          if (*ptr == ')') {
+            answer.ptr = ptr + 1; // valid nan(n-char-seq-opt)
+            break;
+          }
+          else if(!(('a' <= *ptr && *ptr <= 'z') || ('A' <= *ptr && *ptr <= 'Z') || ('0' <= *ptr && *ptr <= '9') || *ptr == '_'))
+            break; // forbidden char, not nan(n-char-seq-opt)
+        }
+      }
+      return answer;
+    }
+    if (fastfloat_strncasecmp(first, "inf", 3)) {
+      if ((last - first >= 8) && fastfloat_strncasecmp(first + 3, "inity", 5)) {
+        answer.ptr = first + 8;
+      } else {
+        answer.ptr = first + 3;
+      }
+      value = minusSign ? -std::numeric_limits<T>::infinity() : std::numeric_limits<T>::infinity();
+      return answer;
+    }
+  }
+  answer.ec = std::errc::invalid_argument;
+  return answer;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+fastfloat_really_inline void to_float(bool negative, adjusted_mantissa am, T &value) {
+  uint64_t word = am.mantissa;
+  word |= uint64_t(am.power2) << binary_format<T>::mantissa_explicit_bits();
+  word = negative
+  ? word | (uint64_t(1) << binary_format<T>::sign_index()) : word;
+#if FASTFLOAT_IS_BIG_ENDIAN == 1
+   if (std::is_same<T, float>::value) {
+     ::memcpy(&value, (char *)&word + 4, sizeof(T)); // extract value at offset 4-7 if float on big-endian
+   } else {
+     ::memcpy(&value, &word, sizeof(T));
+   }
+#else
+   // For little-endian systems:
+   ::memcpy(&value, &word, sizeof(T));
+#endif
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+
+
+template<typename T>
+from_chars_result from_chars(const char *first, const char *last,
+                             T &value, chars_format fmt /*= chars_format::general*/)  noexcept  {
+  static_assert (std::is_same<T, double>::value || std::is_same<T, float>::value, "only float and double are supported");
+
+
+  from_chars_result answer;
+  if (first == last) {
+    answer.ec = std::errc::invalid_argument;
+    answer.ptr = first;
+    return answer;
+  }
+  parsed_number_string pns = parse_number_string(first, last, fmt);
+  if (!pns.valid) {
+    return detail::parse_infnan(first, last, value);
+  }
+  answer.ec = std::errc(); // be optimistic
+  answer.ptr = pns.lastmatch;
+  // Next is Clinger's fast path.
+  if (binary_format<T>::min_exponent_fast_path() <= pns.exponent && pns.exponent <= binary_format<T>::max_exponent_fast_path() && pns.mantissa <=binary_format<T>::max_mantissa_fast_path() && !pns.too_many_digits) {
+    value = T(pns.mantissa);
+    if (pns.exponent < 0) { value = value / binary_format<T>::exact_power_of_ten(-pns.exponent); }
+    else { value = value * binary_format<T>::exact_power_of_ten(pns.exponent); }
+    if (pns.negative) { value = -value; }
+    return answer;
+  }
+  adjusted_mantissa am = compute_float<binary_format<T>>(pns.exponent, pns.mantissa);
+  if(pns.too_many_digits) {
+    if(am != compute_float<binary_format<T>>(pns.exponent, pns.mantissa + 1)) {
+      am.power2 = -1; // value is invalid.
+    }
+  }
+  // If we called compute_float<binary_format<T>>(pns.exponent, pns.mantissa) and we have an invalid power (am.power2 < 0),
+  // then we need to go the long way around again. This is very uncommon.
+  if(am.power2 < 0) { am = parse_long_mantissa<binary_format<T>>(first,last); }
+  detail::to_float(pns.negative, am, value);
+  return answer;
+}
+
+} // namespace duckdb_fast_float
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+// LICENSE_CHANGE_END
+
+
+
 #include <cctype>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdlib>
@@ -19901,82 +22292,6 @@ bool TryCast::Operation(string_t input, uint64_t &result, bool strict) {
 	return TryIntegerCast<uint64_t, false>(input.GetDataUnsafe(), input.GetSize(), result, strict);
 }
 
-template <class T, bool NEGATIVE>
-static void ComputeDoubleResult(T &result, idx_t decimal, idx_t decimal_factor) {
-	if (decimal_factor > 1) {
-		if (NEGATIVE) {
-			result -= (T)decimal / (T)decimal_factor;
-		} else {
-			result += (T)decimal / (T)decimal_factor;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-template <class T, bool NEGATIVE>
-static bool DoubleCastLoop(const char *buf, idx_t len, T &result, bool strict) {
-	idx_t start_pos = NEGATIVE || *buf == '+' ? 1 : 0;
-	idx_t pos = start_pos;
-	idx_t decimal = 0;
-	idx_t decimal_factor = 0;
-	while (pos < len) {
-		if (!StringUtil::CharacterIsDigit(buf[pos])) {
-			// not a digit!
-			if (buf[pos] == '.') {
-				// decimal point
-				if (decimal_factor != 0) {
-					// nested periods
-					return false;
-				}
-				decimal_factor = 1;
-				pos++;
-				continue;
-			} else if (StringUtil::CharacterIsSpace(buf[pos])) {
-				// skip any trailing spaces
-				while (++pos < len) {
-					if (!StringUtil::CharacterIsSpace(buf[pos])) {
-						return false;
-					}
-				}
-				ComputeDoubleResult<T, NEGATIVE>(result, decimal, decimal_factor);
-				return true;
-			} else if (buf[pos] == 'e' || buf[pos] == 'E') {
-				if (pos == start_pos) {
-					return false;
-				}
-				// E power
-				// parse an integer, this time not allowing another exponent
-				pos++;
-				int64_t exponent;
-				if (!TryIntegerCast<int64_t, true, false>(buf + pos, len - pos, exponent, strict)) {
-					return false;
-				}
-				ComputeDoubleResult<T, NEGATIVE>(result, decimal, decimal_factor);
-				if (result > NumericLimits<T>::Maximum() / std::pow(10.0L, exponent)) {
-					return false;
-				}
-				result = result * std::pow(10.0L, exponent);
-
-				return true;
-			} else {
-				return false;
-			}
-		}
-		T digit = buf[pos++] - '0';
-		if (decimal_factor == 0) {
-			result = result * 10 + (NEGATIVE ? -digit : digit);
-		} else {
-			if (decimal_factor >= 1000000000000000000) {
-				// decimal value will overflow if we parse more, ignore any subsequent numbers
-				continue;
-			}
-			decimal = decimal * 10 + digit;
-			decimal_factor *= 10;
-		}
-	}
-	ComputeDoubleResult<T, NEGATIVE>(result, decimal, decimal_factor);
-	return pos > start_pos;
-}
-
 template <class T>
 bool CheckDoubleValidity(T value);
 
@@ -20000,28 +22315,32 @@ static bool TryDoubleCast(const char *buf, idx_t len, T &result, bool strict) {
 	if (len == 0) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	int negative = *buf == '-';
-
-	result = 0;
-	if (!negative) {
-		if (!DoubleCastLoop<T, false>(buf, len, result, strict)) {
-			return false;
-		}
-	} else {
-		if (!DoubleCastLoop<T, true>(buf, len, result, strict)) {
-			return false;
-		}
+	if (*buf == '+') {
+		buf++;
+		len--;
 	}
+	auto endptr = buf + len;
+	auto parse_result = duckdb_fast_float::from_chars(buf, buf + len, result);
 	if (!CheckDoubleValidity<T>(result)) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	return true;
+	if (parse_result.ec != std::errc()) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	auto current_end = parse_result.ptr;
+	if (!strict) {
+		while (current_end < endptr && StringUtil::CharacterIsSpace(*current_end)) {
+			current_end++;
+		}
+	}
+	return current_end == endptr;
 }
 
 template <>
 bool TryCast::Operation(string_t input, float &result, bool strict) {
 	return TryDoubleCast<float>(input.GetDataUnsafe(), input.GetSize(), result, strict);
 }
+
 template <>
 bool TryCast::Operation(string_t input, double &result, bool strict) {
 	return TryDoubleCast<double>(input.GetDataUnsafe(), input.GetSize(), result, strict);
@@ -32405,7 +34724,7 @@ private:
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #4
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #5
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
@@ -35734,6 +38053,56 @@ string Value::ToString() const {
 	}
 }
 
+string Value::ToSQLString() const {
+	if (IsNull()) {
+		return ToString();
+	}
+	switch (type_.id()) {
+	case LogicalTypeId::UUID:
+	case LogicalTypeId::DATE:
+	case LogicalTypeId::TIME:
+	case LogicalTypeId::TIMESTAMP:
+	case LogicalTypeId::TIME_TZ:
+	case LogicalTypeId::TIMESTAMP_TZ:
+	case LogicalTypeId::TIMESTAMP_SEC:
+	case LogicalTypeId::TIMESTAMP_MS:
+	case LogicalTypeId::TIMESTAMP_NS:
+	case LogicalTypeId::INTERVAL:
+	case LogicalTypeId::BLOB:
+		return "'" + ToString() + "'::" + type_.ToString();
+	case LogicalTypeId::VARCHAR:
+		return "'" + ToString() + "'";
+	case LogicalTypeId::STRUCT: {
+		string ret = "{";
+		auto &child_types = StructType::GetChildTypes(type_);
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < struct_value.size(); i++) {
+			auto &name = child_types[i].first;
+			auto &child = struct_value[i];
+			ret += "'" + name + "': " + child.ToSQLString();
+			if (i < struct_value.size() - 1) {
+				ret += ", ";
+			}
+		}
+		ret += "}";
+		return ret;
+	}
+	case LogicalTypeId::LIST: {
+		string ret = "[";
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < list_value.size(); i++) {
+			auto &child = list_value[i];
+			ret += child.ToSQLString();
+			if (i < list_value.size() - 1) {
+				ret += ", ";
+			}
+		}
+		ret += "]";
+		return ret;
+	}
+	default:
+		return ToString();
+	}
+}
+
 //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // Type-specific getters
 //===--------------------------------------------------------------------===//
@@ -37880,6 +40249,7 @@ const sel_t ConstantVector::ZERO_VECTOR[STANDARD_VECTOR_SIZE] = {0};
 
 
 
+
 namespace duckdb {
 
 LogicalType::LogicalType() : LogicalType(LogicalTypeId::INVALID) {
@@ -38245,11 +40615,11 @@ string LogicalTypeIdToString(LogicalTypeId id) {
 	case LogicalTypeId::TIMESTAMP:
 		return "TIMESTAMP";
 	case LogicalTypeId::TIMESTAMP_MS:
-		return "TIMESTAMP (MS)";
+		return "TIMESTAMP_MS";
 	case LogicalTypeId::TIMESTAMP_NS:
-		return "TIMESTAMP (NS)";
+		return "TIMESTAMP_NS";
 	case LogicalTypeId::TIMESTAMP_SEC:
-		return "TIMESTAMP (SEC)";
+		return "TIMESTAMP_S";
 	case LogicalTypeId::TIMESTAMP_TZ:
 		return "TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE";
 	case LogicalTypeId::TIME_TZ:
@@ -38307,21 +40677,21 @@ string LogicalType::ToString() const {
 			return "STRUCT";
 		}
 		auto &child_types = StructType::GetChildTypes(*this);
-		string ret = "STRUCT<";
+		string ret = "STRUCT(";
 		for (size_t i = 0; i < child_types.size(); i++) {
-			ret += child_types[i].first + ": " + child_types[i].second.ToString();
+			ret += child_types[i].first + " " + child_types[i].second.ToString();
 			if (i < child_types.size() - 1) {
 				ret += ", ";
 			}
 		}
-		ret += ">";
+		ret += ")";
 		return ret;
 	}
 	case LogicalTypeId::LIST: {
 		if (!type_info_) {
 			return "LIST";
 		}
-		return "LIST<" + ListType::GetChildType(*this).ToString() + ">";
+		return ListType::GetChildType(*this).ToString() + "[]";
 	}
 	case LogicalTypeId::MAP: {
 		if (!type_info_) {
@@ -38349,7 +40719,10 @@ string LogicalType::ToString() const {
 		return StringUtil::Format("DECIMAL(%d,%d)", width, scale);
 	}
 	case LogicalTypeId::ENUM: {
-		return EnumType::GetTypeName(*this);
+		return KeywordHelper::WriteOptionallyQuoted(EnumType::GetTypeName(*this));
+	}
+	case LogicalTypeId::USER: {
+		return KeywordHelper::WriteOptionallyQuoted(UserType::GetTypeName(*this));
 	}
 	case LogicalTypeId::AGGREGATE_STATE: {
 		return AggregateStateType::GetTypeName(*this);
@@ -68942,6 +71315,7 @@ unique_ptr<FunctionData> BindDecimalFirst(ClientContext &context, AggregateFunct
                                           vector<unique_ptr<Expression>> &arguments) {
 	auto decimal_type = arguments[0]->return_type;
 	function = GetFirstFunction<LAST>(decimal_type);
+	function.name = "first";
 	function.return_type = decimal_type;
 	return nullptr;
 }
@@ -69558,6 +71932,7 @@ template <class OP>
 unique_ptr<FunctionData> BindDecimalMinMax(ClientContext &context, AggregateFunction &function,
                                            vector<unique_ptr<Expression>> &arguments) {
 	auto decimal_type = arguments[0]->return_type;
+	auto name = function.name;
 	switch (decimal_type.InternalType()) {
 	case PhysicalType::INT16:
 		function = GetUnaryAggregate<OP>(LogicalType::SMALLINT);
@@ -69572,6 +71947,7 @@ unique_ptr<FunctionData> BindDecimalMinMax(ClientContext &context, AggregateFunc
 		function = GetUnaryAggregate<OP>(LogicalType::HUGEINT);
 		break;
 	}
+	function.name = move(name);
 	function.arguments[0] = decimal_type;
 	function.return_type = decimal_type;
 	return nullptr;
@@ -70173,7 +72549,7 @@ struct ReservoirQuantileFun {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #5
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*
@@ -85355,8 +87731,8 @@ static unique_ptr<BaseStatistics> CaseConvertPropagateStats(ClientContext &conte
 }
 
 ScalarFunction LowerFun::GetFunction() {
-	return ScalarFunction({LogicalType::VARCHAR}, LogicalType::VARCHAR, CaseConvertFunction<false>, false, nullptr,
-	                      nullptr, CaseConvertPropagateStats<false>);
+	return ScalarFunction("lower", {LogicalType::VARCHAR}, LogicalType::VARCHAR, CaseConvertFunction<false>, false,
+	                      nullptr, nullptr, CaseConvertPropagateStats<false>);
 }
 
 void LowerFun::RegisterFunction(BuiltinFunctions &set) {
@@ -87256,7 +89632,7 @@ void PrintfFun::RegisterFunction(BuiltinFunctions &set) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2003-2009 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -87460,7 +89836,7 @@ void PrintfFun::RegisterFunction(BuiltinFunctions &set) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2001-2010 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -100264,7 +102640,7 @@ string ClientContext::VerifyQuery(ClientContextLock &lock, const string &query,
 	D_ASSERT(orig_expr_list.size() == de_expr_list.size() && cp_expr_list.size() == de_expr_list.size());
 	for (idx_t i = 0; i < orig_expr_list.size(); i++) {
 		// run the ToString, to verify that it doesn't crash
-		orig_expr_list[i]->ToString();
+		auto str = orig_expr_list[i]->ToString();
 		// check that the expressions are equivalent
 		D_ASSERT(orig_expr_list[i]->Equals(de_expr_list[i].get()));
 		D_ASSERT(orig_expr_list[i]->Equals(cp_expr_list[i].get()));
@@ -100274,6 +102650,17 @@ string ClientContext::VerifyQuery(ClientContextLock &lock, const string &query,
 		D_ASSERT(orig_expr_list[i]->Hash() == cp_expr_list[i]->Hash());
 
 		D_ASSERT(!orig_expr_list[i]->Equals(nullptr));
+		orig_expr_list[i]->Verify();
+		de_expr_list[i]->Verify();
+		cp_expr_list[i]->Verify();
+
+		// ToString round trip
+		if (orig_expr_list[i]->HasSubquery()) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		auto parsed_list = Parser::ParseExpressionList(str);
+		D_ASSERT(parsed_list.size() == 1);
+		D_ASSERT(parsed_list[0]->Equals(orig_expr_list[i].get()));
 	}
 	// now perform additional checking within the expressions
 	for (idx_t outer_idx = 0; outer_idx < orig_expr_list.size(); outer_idx++) {
@@ -101976,7 +104363,7 @@ ExtensionLoadResult ExtensionHelper::LoadExtensionInternal(DuckDB &db, const std
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #8
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 //
@@ -124328,7 +126715,7 @@ void PipelineFinishEvent::FinishEvent() {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #8
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Provides a C++11 implementation of a multi-producer, multi-consumer lock-free queue.
@@ -128005,7 +130392,7 @@ inline void swap(typename ConcurrentQueue<T, Traits>::ImplicitProducerKVP& a, ty
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #8
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Provides an efficient implementation of a semaphore (LightweightSemaphore).
@@ -128667,6 +131054,9 @@ bool BaseExpression::Equals(const BaseExpression *other) const {
 	return true;
 }
 
+void BaseExpression::Verify() const {
+}
+
 } // namespace duckdb
 
 
@@ -128886,7 +131276,7 @@ BetweenExpression::BetweenExpression(unique_ptr<ParsedExpression> input_p, uniqu
 }
 
 string BetweenExpression::ToString() const {
-	return input->ToString() + " BETWEEN " + lower->ToString() + " AND " + upper->ToString();
+	return ToString<BetweenExpression, ParsedExpression>(*this);
 }
 
 bool BetweenExpression::Equals(const BetweenExpression *a, const BetweenExpression *b) {
@@ -128932,13 +131322,7 @@ CaseExpression::CaseExpression() : ParsedExpression(ExpressionType::CASE_EXPR, E
 }
 
 string CaseExpression::ToString() const {
-	string case_str = "CASE ";
-	for (auto &check : case_checks) {
-		case_str += " WHEN (" + check.when_expr->ToString() + ")";
-		case_str += " THEN (" + check.then_expr->ToString() + ")";
-	}
-	case_str += " ELSE " + else_expr->ToString();
-	return case_str;
+	return ToString<CaseExpression, ParsedExpression>(*this);
 }
 
 bool CaseExpression::Equals(const CaseExpression *a, const CaseExpression *b) {
@@ -129014,7 +131398,7 @@ CastExpression::CastExpression(LogicalType target, unique_ptr<ParsedExpression>
 }
 
 string CastExpression::ToString() const {
-	return (try_cast ? "TRY_CAST(" : "CAST(") + child->ToString() + " AS " + cast_type.ToString() + ")";
+	return ToString<CastExpression, ParsedExpression>(*this);
 }
 
 bool CastExpression::Equals(const CastExpression *a, const CastExpression *b) {
@@ -129064,7 +131448,7 @@ CollateExpression::CollateExpression(string collation_p, unique_ptr<ParsedExpres
 }
 
 string CollateExpression::ToString() const {
-	return "COLLATE(" + child->ToString() + ")";
+	return child->ToString() + " COLLATE " + collation;
 }
 
 bool CollateExpression::Equals(const CollateExpression *a, const CollateExpression *b) {
@@ -129101,6 +131485,7 @@ unique_ptr<ParsedExpression> CollateExpression::Deserialize(ExpressionType type,
 
 
 
+
 namespace duckdb {
 
 ColumnRefExpression::ColumnRefExpression(string column_name, string table_name)
@@ -129144,7 +131529,7 @@ string ColumnRefExpression::ToString() const {
 		if (i > 0) {
 			result += ".";
 		}
-		result += column_names[i];
+		result += KeywordHelper::WriteOptionallyQuoted(column_names[i]);
 	}
 	return result;
 }
@@ -129205,7 +131590,7 @@ ComparisonExpression::ComparisonExpression(ExpressionType type, unique_ptr<Parse
 }
 
 string ComparisonExpression::ToString() const {
-	return left->ToString() + ExpressionTypeToOperator(type) + right->ToString();
+	return ToString<ComparisonExpression, ParsedExpression>(*this);
 }
 
 bool ComparisonExpression::Equals(const ComparisonExpression *a, const ComparisonExpression *b) {
@@ -129239,41 +131624,6 @@ unique_ptr<ParsedExpression> ComparisonExpression::Deserialize(ExpressionType ty
 
 
 
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-//                         DuckDB
-//
-// duckdb/parser/expression_util.hpp
-//
-//
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-
-
-
-
-
-
-namespace duckdb {
-class ParsedExpression;
-class Expression;
-
-class ExpressionUtil {
-public:
-	//! ListEquals: check if a list of two expressions is equal (order is important)
-	static bool ListEquals(const vector<unique_ptr<ParsedExpression>> &a,
-	                       const vector<unique_ptr<ParsedExpression>> &b);
-	static bool ListEquals(const vector<unique_ptr<Expression>> &a, const vector<unique_ptr<Expression>> &b);
-	//! SetEquals: check if two sets of expressions are equal (order is not important)
-	static bool SetEquals(const vector<unique_ptr<ParsedExpression>> &a, const vector<unique_ptr<ParsedExpression>> &b);
-	static bool SetEquals(const vector<unique_ptr<Expression>> &a, const vector<unique_ptr<Expression>> &b);
-
-private:
-	template <class T>
-	static bool ExpressionListEquals(const vector<unique_ptr<T>> &a, const vector<unique_ptr<T>> &b);
-	template <class T>
-	static bool ExpressionSetEquals(const vector<unique_ptr<T>> &a, const vector<unique_ptr<T>> &b);
-};
-
-} // namespace duckdb
 
 
 namespace duckdb {
@@ -129309,11 +131659,7 @@ void ConjunctionExpression::AddExpression(unique_ptr<ParsedExpression> expr) {
 }
 
 string ConjunctionExpression::ToString() const {
-	string result = children[0]->ToString();
-	for (idx_t i = 1; i < children.size(); i++) {
-		result += " " + ExpressionTypeToOperator(type) + " " + children[i]->ToString();
-	}
-	return result;
+	return ToString<ConjunctionExpression, ParsedExpression>(*this);
 }
 
 bool ConjunctionExpression::Equals(const ConjunctionExpression *a, const ConjunctionExpression *b) {
@@ -129355,7 +131701,7 @@ ConstantExpression::ConstantExpression(Value val)
 }
 
 string ConstantExpression::ToString() const {
-	return value.ToString();
+	return value.ToSQLString();
 }
 
 bool ConstantExpression::Equals(const ConstantExpression *a, const ConstantExpression *b) {
@@ -129426,6 +131772,7 @@ FunctionExpression::FunctionExpression(string schema, const string &function_nam
     : ParsedExpression(ExpressionType::FUNCTION, ExpressionClass::FUNCTION), schema(std::move(schema)),
       function_name(StringUtil::Lower(function_name)), is_operator(is_operator), children(move(children_p)),
       distinct(distinct), filter(move(filter)), order_bys(move(order_bys_p)), export_state(export_state_p) {
+	D_ASSERT(!function_name.empty());
 	if (!order_bys) {
 		order_bys = make_unique<OrderModifier>();
 	}
@@ -129439,35 +131786,8 @@ FunctionExpression::FunctionExpression(const string &function_name, vector<uniqu
 }
 
 string FunctionExpression::ToString() const {
-	if (is_operator) {
-		// built-in operator
-		if (children.size() == 1) {
-			return function_name + children[0]->ToString();
-		} else if (children.size() == 2) {
-			return children[0]->ToString() + " " + function_name + " " + children[1]->ToString();
-		}
-	}
-	// standard function call
-	string result = function_name + "(";
-	result += StringUtil::Join(children, children.size(), ", ",
-	                           [](const unique_ptr<ParsedExpression> &child) { return child->ToString(); });
-
-	// filtered aggregate
-	if (filter) {
-		result += " FILTER " + filter->ToString();
-	}
-
-	// ordered aggregate
-	if (!order_bys->orders.empty()) {
-		result += " ORDER BY";
-		for (const auto &order : order_bys->orders) {
-			result += " " + order.ToString();
-		}
-	}
-	if (export_state) {
-		result += " EXPORT_STATE";
-	}
-	return result + ")";
+	return ToString<FunctionExpression, ParsedExpression>(*this, schema, function_name, is_operator, distinct,
+	                                                      filter.get(), order_bys.get(), export_state);
 }
 
 bool FunctionExpression::Equals(const FunctionExpression *a, const FunctionExpression *b) {
@@ -129552,6 +131872,10 @@ unique_ptr<ParsedExpression> FunctionExpression::Deserialize(ExpressionType type
 	return move(function);
 }
 
+void FunctionExpression::Verify() const {
+	D_ASSERT(!function_name.empty());
+}
+
 } // namespace duckdb
 
 
@@ -129620,7 +131944,6 @@ unique_ptr<ParsedExpression> LambdaExpression::Deserialize(ExpressionType type,
 
 
 
-
 namespace duckdb {
 
 OperatorExpression::OperatorExpression(ExpressionType type, unique_ptr<ParsedExpression> left,
@@ -129639,21 +131962,7 @@ OperatorExpression::OperatorExpression(ExpressionType type, vector<unique_ptr<Pa
 }
 
 string OperatorExpression::ToString() const {
-	auto op = ExpressionTypeToOperator(type);
-	if (!op.empty()) {
-		// use the operator string to represent the operator
-		if (children.size() == 1) {
-			return op + children[0]->ToString();
-		} else if (children.size() == 2) {
-			return children[0]->ToString() + " " + op + " " + children[1]->ToString();
-		}
-	}
-	// if there is no operator we render it as a function
-	auto result = ExpressionTypeToString(type) + "(";
-	result += StringUtil::Join(children, children.size(), ", ",
-	                           [](const unique_ptr<ParsedExpression> &child) { return child->ToString(); });
-	result += ")";
-	return result;
+	return ToString<OperatorExpression, ParsedExpression>(*this);
 }
 
 bool OperatorExpression::Equals(const OperatorExpression *a, const OperatorExpression *b) {
@@ -129785,7 +132094,7 @@ StarExpression::StarExpression(string relation_name_p)
 string StarExpression::ToString() const {
 	string result = relation_name.empty() ? "*" : relation_name + ".*";
 	if (!exclude_list.empty()) {
-		result += " EXCEPT (";
+		result += " EXCLUDE (";
 		bool first_entry = true;
 		for (auto &entry : exclude_list) {
 			if (!first_entry) {
@@ -129803,9 +132112,9 @@ string StarExpression::ToString() const {
 			if (!first_entry) {
 				result += ", ";
 			}
-			result += entry.first;
-			result += " AS ";
 			result += entry.second->ToString();
+			result += " AS ";
+			result += entry.first;
 			first_entry = false;
 		}
 		result += ")";
@@ -129972,125 +132281,8 @@ WindowExpression::WindowExpression(ExpressionType type, string schema, const str
 	}
 }
 
-string WindowExpression::GetName() const {
-	return !alias.empty() ? alias : function_name;
-}
-
 string WindowExpression::ToString() const {
-	// Start with function call
-	string result = function_name + "(";
-	result += StringUtil::Join(children, children.size(), ", ",
-	                           [](const unique_ptr<ParsedExpression> &child) { return child->ToString(); });
-	// Lead/Lag extra arguments
-	if (offset_expr.get()) {
-		result += ", ";
-		result += offset_expr->ToString();
-	}
-	if (default_expr.get()) {
-		result += ", ";
-		result += default_expr->ToString();
-	}
-	// IGNORE NULLS
-	if (ignore_nulls) {
-		result += " IGNORE NULLS";
-	}
-	// Over clause
-	result += ") OVER(";
-	string sep;
-
-	// Partitions
-	if (!partitions.empty()) {
-		result += "PARTITION BY ";
-		result += StringUtil::Join(partitions, partitions.size(), ", ",
-		                           [](const unique_ptr<ParsedExpression> &partition) { return partition->ToString(); });
-		sep = " ";
-	}
-
-	// Orders
-	if (!orders.empty()) {
-		result += sep;
-		result += "ORDER BY ";
-		result +=
-		    StringUtil::Join(orders, orders.size(), ", ", [](const OrderByNode &order) { return order.ToString(); });
-		sep = " ";
-	}
-
-	// Rows/Range
-	string units = "ROWS";
-	string from;
-	switch (start) {
-	case WindowBoundary::CURRENT_ROW_RANGE:
-	case WindowBoundary::CURRENT_ROW_ROWS:
-		from = "CURRENT ROW";
-		units = (start == WindowBoundary::CURRENT_ROW_RANGE) ? "RANGE" : "ROWS";
-		break;
-	case WindowBoundary::UNBOUNDED_PRECEDING:
-		if (end != WindowBoundary::CURRENT_ROW_RANGE) {
-			from = "UNBOUNDED PRECEDING";
-		}
-		break;
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_PRECEDING_ROWS:
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_PRECEDING_RANGE:
-		from = start_expr->GetName() + " PRECEDING";
-		units = (start == WindowBoundary::EXPR_PRECEDING_RANGE) ? "RANGE" : "ROWS";
-		break;
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_FOLLOWING_ROWS:
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_FOLLOWING_RANGE:
-		from = start_expr->GetName() + " FOLLOWING";
-		units = (start == WindowBoundary::EXPR_FOLLOWING_RANGE) ? "RANGE" : "ROWS";
-		break;
-	default:
-		break;
-	}
-
-	string to;
-	switch (end) {
-	case WindowBoundary::CURRENT_ROW_RANGE:
-		if (start != WindowBoundary::UNBOUNDED_PRECEDING) {
-			to = "CURRENT ROW";
-			units = "RANGE";
-		}
-		break;
-	case WindowBoundary::CURRENT_ROW_ROWS:
-		to = "CURRENT ROW";
-		units = "ROWS";
-		break;
-	case WindowBoundary::UNBOUNDED_PRECEDING:
-		to = "UNBOUNDED PRECEDING";
-		break;
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_PRECEDING_ROWS:
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_PRECEDING_RANGE:
-		to = end_expr->GetName() + " PRECEDING";
-		units = (start == WindowBoundary::EXPR_PRECEDING_RANGE) ? "RANGE" : "ROWS";
-		break;
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_FOLLOWING_ROWS:
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_FOLLOWING_RANGE:
-		to = end_expr->GetName() + " FOLLOWING";
-		units = (start == WindowBoundary::EXPR_FOLLOWING_RANGE) ? "RANGE" : "ROWS";
-		break;
-	default:
-		break;
-	}
-
-	if (!from.empty() || !to.empty()) {
-		result += sep + units;
-	}
-	if (!from.empty() && !to.empty()) {
-		result += " BETWEEN ";
-		result += from;
-		result += " AND ";
-		result += to;
-	} else if (!from.empty()) {
-		result += " ";
-		result += from;
-	} else if (!to.empty()) {
-		result += " ";
-		result += to;
-	}
-
-	result += ")";
-
-	return result;
+	return ToString<WindowExpression, ParsedExpression, OrderByNode>(*this, schema, function_name);
 }
 
 bool WindowExpression::Equals(const WindowExpression *a, const WindowExpression *b) {
@@ -131171,7 +133363,7 @@ void ParsedExpressionIterator::EnumerateQueryNodeChildren(
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // this is a bit of a mess from c.h, port.h and some others. Upside is it makes the parser compile with minimal
@@ -131283,7 +133475,7 @@ typedef enum PGPostgresAttributIdentityTypes {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -131312,7 +133504,7 @@ typedef enum PGPostgresAttributIdentityTypes {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -131423,7 +133615,7 @@ uint32_t bms_hash_value(const PGBitmapset *a);
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -131476,7 +133668,7 @@ typedef enum PGLockWaitPolicy {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -131500,7 +133692,7 @@ typedef enum PGLockWaitPolicy {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -131573,7 +133765,7 @@ typedef int16_t PGAttrNumber;
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -131617,7 +133809,7 @@ typedef int16_t PGAttrNumber;
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -134074,7 +136266,7 @@ typedef struct PGOnConflictExpr {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -136414,7 +138606,7 @@ private:
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
@@ -136433,7 +138625,7 @@ private:
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 
@@ -136505,7 +138697,7 @@ public:
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -139033,7 +141225,6 @@ unique_ptr<ParsedExpression> Transformer::TransformFuncCall(duckdb_libpgquery::P
 		function_name = reinterpret_cast<duckdb_libpgquery::PGValue *>(name->head->next->data.ptr_value)->val.str;
 	} else {
 		// unqualified name
-		//		schema = DEFAULT_SCHEMA;
 		schema = INVALID_SCHEMA;
 		function_name = reinterpret_cast<duckdb_libpgquery::PGValue *>(name->head->data.ptr_value)->val.str;
 	}
@@ -142150,6 +144341,7 @@ unique_ptr<LoadStatement> Transformer::TransformLoad(duckdb_libpgquery::PGNode *
 
 
 
+
 namespace duckdb {
 
 unique_ptr<SQLStatement> Transformer::TransformPragma(duckdb_libpgquery::PGNode *node) {
@@ -142167,7 +144359,15 @@ unique_ptr<SQLStatement> Transformer::TransformPragma(duckdb_libpgquery::PGNode
 
 			if (expr->type == ExpressionType::COMPARE_EQUAL) {
 				auto &comp = (ComparisonExpression &)*expr;
-				info.named_parameters[comp.left->ToString()] = Value(comp.right->ToString());
+				if (comp.right->type != ExpressionType::VALUE_CONSTANT) {
+					throw ParserException("Named parameter requires a constant on the RHS");
+				}
+				if (comp.left->type != ExpressionType::COLUMN_REF) {
+					throw ParserException("Named parameter requires a column reference on the LHS");
+				}
+				auto &columnref = (ColumnRefExpression &)*comp.left;
+				auto &constant = (ConstantExpression &)*comp.right;
+				info.named_parameters[columnref.GetName()] = constant.value;
 			} else if (node->type == duckdb_libpgquery::T_PGAConst) {
 				auto constant = TransformConstant((duckdb_libpgquery::PGAConst *)node);
 				info.parameters.push_back(((ConstantExpression &)*constant).value);
@@ -145156,6 +147356,8 @@ static LogicalType BindRangeExpression(ClientContext &context, const string &nam
 }
 
 BindResult SelectBinder::BindWindow(WindowExpression &window, idx_t depth) {
+	auto name = window.GetName();
+
 	QueryErrorContext error_context(binder.root_statement, window.query_location);
 	if (inside_window) {
 		throw BinderException(error_context.FormatError("window function calls cannot be nested"));
@@ -145323,7 +147525,7 @@ BindResult SelectBinder::BindWindow(WindowExpression &window, idx_t depth) {
 	result->end = window.end;
 
 	// create a BoundColumnRef that references this entry
-	auto colref = make_unique<BoundColumnRefExpression>(window.GetName(), result->return_type,
+	auto colref = make_unique<BoundColumnRefExpression>(move(name), result->return_type,
 	                                                    ColumnBinding(node.window_index, node.windows.size()), depth);
 	// move the WINDOW expression into the set of bound windows
 	node.windows.push_back(move(result));
@@ -150301,7 +152503,70 @@ string Binder::FormatErrorRecursive(idx_t query_location, const string &message,
 } // namespace duckdb
 
 
+namespace duckdb {
 
+BoundResultModifier::BoundResultModifier(ResultModifierType type) : type(type) {
+}
+
+BoundResultModifier::~BoundResultModifier() {
+}
+
+BoundOrderByNode::BoundOrderByNode(OrderType type, OrderByNullType null_order, unique_ptr<Expression> expression)
+    : type(type), null_order(null_order), expression(move(expression)) {
+}
+BoundOrderByNode::BoundOrderByNode(OrderType type, OrderByNullType null_order, unique_ptr<Expression> expression,
+                                   unique_ptr<BaseStatistics> stats)
+    : type(type), null_order(null_order), expression(move(expression)), stats(move(stats)) {
+}
+
+BoundOrderByNode BoundOrderByNode::Copy() const {
+	if (stats) {
+		return BoundOrderByNode(type, null_order, expression->Copy(), stats->Copy());
+	} else {
+		return BoundOrderByNode(type, null_order, expression->Copy());
+	}
+}
+
+string BoundOrderByNode::ToString() const {
+	auto str = expression->ToString();
+	switch (type) {
+	case OrderType::ASCENDING:
+		str += " ASC";
+		break;
+	case OrderType::DESCENDING:
+		str += " DESC";
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	switch (null_order) {
+	case OrderByNullType::NULLS_FIRST:
+		str += " NULLS FIRST";
+		break;
+	case OrderByNullType::NULLS_LAST:
+		str += " NULLS LAST";
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+	return str;
+}
+
+BoundLimitModifier::BoundLimitModifier() : BoundResultModifier(ResultModifierType::LIMIT_MODIFIER) {
+}
+
+BoundOrderModifier::BoundOrderModifier() : BoundResultModifier(ResultModifierType::ORDER_MODIFIER) {
+}
+
+BoundDistinctModifier::BoundDistinctModifier() : BoundResultModifier(ResultModifierType::DISTINCT_MODIFIER) {
+}
+
+BoundLimitPercentModifier::BoundLimitPercentModifier()
+    : BoundResultModifier(ResultModifierType::LIMIT_PERCENT_MODIFIER) {
+}
+
+} // namespace duckdb
 
 
 
@@ -150317,17 +152582,12 @@ BoundAggregateExpression::BoundAggregateExpression(AggregateFunction function, v
     : Expression(ExpressionType::BOUND_AGGREGATE, ExpressionClass::BOUND_AGGREGATE, function.return_type),
       function(move(function)), children(move(children)), bind_info(move(bind_info)), distinct(distinct),
       filter(move(filter)) {
+	D_ASSERT(!function.name.empty());
 }
 
 string BoundAggregateExpression::ToString() const {
-	string result = function.name + "(";
-	if (distinct) {
-		result += "DISTINCT ";
-	}
-	result += StringUtil::Join(children, children.size(), ", ",
-	                           [](const unique_ptr<Expression> &child) { return child->ToString(); });
-	result += ")";
-	return result;
+	return FunctionExpression::ToString<BoundAggregateExpression, Expression>(*this, string(), function.name, false,
+	                                                                          distinct, filter.get());
 }
 
 hash_t BoundAggregateExpression::Hash() const {
@@ -150381,6 +152641,7 @@ unique_ptr<Expression> BoundAggregateExpression::Copy() {
 } // namespace duckdb
 
 
+
 namespace duckdb {
 
 BoundBetweenExpression::BoundBetweenExpression(unique_ptr<Expression> input, unique_ptr<Expression> lower,
@@ -150391,7 +152652,7 @@ BoundBetweenExpression::BoundBetweenExpression(unique_ptr<Expression> input, uni
 }
 
 string BoundBetweenExpression::ToString() const {
-	return input->ToString() + " BETWEEN " + lower->ToString() + " AND " + upper->ToString();
+	return BetweenExpression::ToString<BoundBetweenExpression, Expression>(*this);
 }
 
 bool BoundBetweenExpression::Equals(const BaseExpression *other_p) const {
@@ -150421,6 +152682,7 @@ unique_ptr<Expression> BoundBetweenExpression::Copy() {
 } // namespace duckdb
 
 
+
 namespace duckdb {
 
 BoundCaseExpression::BoundCaseExpression(LogicalType type)
@@ -150438,13 +152700,7 @@ BoundCaseExpression::BoundCaseExpression(unique_ptr<Expression> when_expr, uniqu
 }
 
 string BoundCaseExpression::ToString() const {
-	string result = "CASE";
-	for (auto &check : case_checks) {
-		result += " WHEN (" + check.when_expr->ToString() + ")";
-		result += " THEN (" + check.then_expr->ToString() + ")";
-	}
-	result += " ELSE (" + else_expr->ToString() + ")";
-	return result;
+	return CaseExpression::ToString<BoundCaseExpression, Expression>(*this);
 }
 
 bool BoundCaseExpression::Equals(const BaseExpression *other_p) const {
@@ -150618,10 +152874,10 @@ unique_ptr<Expression> BoundCastExpression::Copy() {
 
 namespace duckdb {
 
-BoundColumnRefExpression::BoundColumnRefExpression(string alias, LogicalType type, ColumnBinding binding, idx_t depth)
+BoundColumnRefExpression::BoundColumnRefExpression(string alias_p, LogicalType type, ColumnBinding binding, idx_t depth)
     : Expression(ExpressionType::BOUND_COLUMN_REF, ExpressionClass::BOUND_COLUMN_REF, move(type)), binding(binding),
       depth(depth) {
-	this->alias = move(alias);
+	this->alias = move(alias_p);
 }
 
 BoundColumnRefExpression::BoundColumnRefExpression(LogicalType type, ColumnBinding binding, idx_t depth)
@@ -150648,12 +152904,16 @@ bool BoundColumnRefExpression::Equals(const BaseExpression *other_p) const {
 }
 
 string BoundColumnRefExpression::ToString() const {
+	if (!alias.empty()) {
+		return alias;
+	}
 	return "#[" + to_string(binding.table_index) + "." + to_string(binding.column_index) + "]";
 }
 
 } // namespace duckdb
 
 
+
 namespace duckdb {
 
 BoundComparisonExpression::BoundComparisonExpression(ExpressionType type, unique_ptr<Expression> left,
@@ -150662,7 +152922,7 @@ BoundComparisonExpression::BoundComparisonExpression(ExpressionType type, unique
 }
 
 string BoundComparisonExpression::ToString() const {
-	return left->GetName() + ExpressionTypeToOperator(type) + right->GetName();
+	return ComparisonExpression::ToString<BoundComparisonExpression, Expression>(*this);
 }
 
 bool BoundComparisonExpression::Equals(const BaseExpression *other_p) const {
@@ -150689,6 +152949,7 @@ unique_ptr<Expression> BoundComparisonExpression::Copy() {
 
 
 
+
 namespace duckdb {
 
 BoundConjunctionExpression::BoundConjunctionExpression(ExpressionType type)
@@ -150703,11 +152964,7 @@ BoundConjunctionExpression::BoundConjunctionExpression(ExpressionType type, uniq
 }
 
 string BoundConjunctionExpression::ToString() const {
-	string result = "(" + children[0]->ToString();
-	for (idx_t i = 1; i < children.size(); i++) {
-		result += " " + ExpressionTypeToOperator(type) + " " + children[i]->ToString();
-	}
-	return result + ")";
+	return ConjunctionExpression::ToString<BoundConjunctionExpression, Expression>(*this);
 }
 
 bool BoundConjunctionExpression::Equals(const BaseExpression *other_p) const {
@@ -150741,7 +152998,7 @@ BoundConstantExpression::BoundConstantExpression(Value value_p)
 }
 
 string BoundConstantExpression::ToString() const {
-	return value.ToString();
+	return value.ToSQLString();
 }
 
 bool BoundConstantExpression::Equals(const BaseExpression *other_p) const {
@@ -150770,7 +153027,6 @@ unique_ptr<Expression> BoundConstantExpression::Copy() {
 
 
 
-
 namespace duckdb {
 
 BoundFunctionExpression::BoundFunctionExpression(LogicalType return_type, ScalarFunction bound_function,
@@ -150778,6 +153034,7 @@ BoundFunctionExpression::BoundFunctionExpression(LogicalType return_type, Scalar
                                                  unique_ptr<FunctionData> bind_info, bool is_operator)
     : Expression(ExpressionType::BOUND_FUNCTION, ExpressionClass::BOUND_FUNCTION, move(return_type)),
       function(move(bound_function)), children(move(arguments)), bind_info(move(bind_info)), is_operator(is_operator) {
+	D_ASSERT(!function.name.empty());
 }
 
 bool BoundFunctionExpression::HasSideEffects() const {
@@ -150790,11 +153047,8 @@ bool BoundFunctionExpression::IsFoldable() const {
 }
 
 string BoundFunctionExpression::ToString() const {
-	string result = function.name + "(";
-	result += StringUtil::Join(children, children.size(), ", ",
-	                           [](const unique_ptr<Expression> &child) { return child->GetName(); });
-	result += ")";
-	return result;
+	return FunctionExpression::ToString<BoundFunctionExpression, Expression>(*this, string(), function.name,
+	                                                                         is_operator);
 }
 
 hash_t BoundFunctionExpression::Hash() const {
@@ -150832,11 +153086,16 @@ unique_ptr<Expression> BoundFunctionExpression::Copy() {
 	return move(copy);
 }
 
+void BoundFunctionExpression::Verify() const {
+	D_ASSERT(!function.name.empty());
+}
+
 } // namespace duckdb
 
 
 
 
+
 namespace duckdb {
 
 BoundOperatorExpression::BoundOperatorExpression(ExpressionType type, LogicalType return_type)
@@ -150844,21 +153103,7 @@ BoundOperatorExpression::BoundOperatorExpression(ExpressionType type, LogicalTyp
 }
 
 string BoundOperatorExpression::ToString() const {
-	auto op = ExpressionTypeToOperator(type);
-	if (!op.empty()) {
-		// use the operator string to represent the operator
-		if (children.size() == 1) {
-			return op + "(" + children[0]->GetName() + ")";
-		} else if (children.size() == 2) {
-			return children[0]->GetName() + " " + op + " " + children[1]->GetName();
-		}
-	}
-	// if there is no operator we render it as a function
-	auto result = ExpressionTypeToString(type) + "(";
-	result += StringUtil::Join(children, children.size(), ", ",
-	                           [](const unique_ptr<Expression> &child) { return child->GetName(); });
-	result += ")";
-	return result;
+	return OperatorExpression::ToString<BoundOperatorExpression, Expression>(*this);
 }
 
 bool BoundOperatorExpression::Equals(const BaseExpression *other_p) const {
@@ -150948,6 +153193,9 @@ BoundReferenceExpression::BoundReferenceExpression(LogicalType type, idx_t index
 }
 
 string BoundReferenceExpression::ToString() const {
+	if (!alias.empty()) {
+		return alias;
+	}
 	return "#" + to_string(index);
 }
 
@@ -151039,6 +153287,7 @@ unique_ptr<Expression> BoundUnnestExpression::Copy() {
 
 
 
+
 namespace duckdb {
 
 BoundWindowExpression::BoundWindowExpression(ExpressionType type, LogicalType return_type,
@@ -151049,134 +153298,9 @@ BoundWindowExpression::BoundWindowExpression(ExpressionType type, LogicalType re
 }
 
 string BoundWindowExpression::ToString() const {
-	string result = aggregate.get() ? aggregate->name : ExpressionTypeToString(type);
-	result += "(";
-	result += StringUtil::Join(children, children.size(), ", ",
-	                           [](const unique_ptr<Expression> &child) { return child->GetName(); });
-	// Lead/Lag extra arguments
-	if (offset_expr.get()) {
-		result += ", ";
-		result += offset_expr->GetName();
-	}
-	if (default_expr.get()) {
-		result += ", ";
-		result += default_expr->GetName();
-	}
-
-	// IGNORE NULLS
-	if (ignore_nulls) {
-		result += " IGNORE NULLS";
-	}
-
-	// Over clause
-	result += ") OVER(";
-	string sep;
-
-	// Partitions
-	if (!partitions.empty()) {
-		result += "PARTITION BY ";
-		result += StringUtil::Join(partitions, partitions.size(), ", ",
-		                           [](const unique_ptr<Expression> &partition) { return partition->GetName(); });
-		sep = " ";
-	}
-
-	// Orders
-	if (!orders.empty()) {
-		result += sep;
-		result += "ORDER BY ";
-		result += StringUtil::Join(orders, orders.size(), ", ", [](const BoundOrderByNode &order) {
-			auto str = order.expression->GetName();
-			str += (order.type == OrderType::ASCENDING) ? " ASC" : " DESC";
-			switch (order.null_order) {
-			case OrderByNullType::NULLS_FIRST:
-				str += " NULLS FIRST";
-				break;
-			case OrderByNullType::NULLS_LAST:
-				str += " NULLS LAST";
-				break;
-			default:
-				break;
-			}
-			return str;
-		});
-		sep = " ";
-	}
-
-	// Rows/Range
-	string units = "ROWS";
-	string from;
-	switch (start) {
-	case WindowBoundary::CURRENT_ROW_RANGE:
-	case WindowBoundary::CURRENT_ROW_ROWS:
-		from = "CURRENT ROW";
-		units = (start == WindowBoundary::CURRENT_ROW_RANGE) ? "RANGE" : "ROWS";
-		break;
-	case WindowBoundary::UNBOUNDED_PRECEDING:
-		if (end != WindowBoundary::CURRENT_ROW_RANGE) {
-			from = "UNBOUNDED PRECEDING";
-		}
-		break;
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_PRECEDING_ROWS:
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_PRECEDING_RANGE:
-		from = start_expr->GetName() + " PRECEDING";
-		units = (start == WindowBoundary::EXPR_PRECEDING_RANGE) ? "RANGE" : "ROWS";
-		break;
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_FOLLOWING_ROWS:
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_FOLLOWING_RANGE:
-		from = start_expr->GetName() + " FOLLOWING";
-		units = (start == WindowBoundary::EXPR_FOLLOWING_RANGE) ? "RANGE" : "ROWS";
-		break;
-	default:
-		break;
-	}
-
-	string to;
-	switch (end) {
-	case WindowBoundary::CURRENT_ROW_RANGE:
-		if (start != WindowBoundary::UNBOUNDED_PRECEDING) {
-			to = "CURRENT ROW";
-			units = "RANGE";
-		}
-		break;
-	case WindowBoundary::CURRENT_ROW_ROWS:
-		to = "CURRENT ROW";
-		units = "ROWS";
-		break;
-	case WindowBoundary::UNBOUNDED_PRECEDING:
-		to = "UNBOUNDED PRECEDING";
-		break;
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_PRECEDING_ROWS:
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_PRECEDING_RANGE:
-		to = end_expr->GetName() + " PRECEDING";
-		units = (start == WindowBoundary::EXPR_PRECEDING_RANGE) ? "RANGE" : "ROWS";
-		break;
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_FOLLOWING_ROWS:
-	case WindowBoundary::EXPR_FOLLOWING_RANGE:
-		to = end_expr->GetName() + " FOLLOWING";
-		units = (start == WindowBoundary::EXPR_FOLLOWING_RANGE) ? "RANGE" : "ROWS";
-		break;
-	default:
-		break;
-	}
-
-	if (!from.empty() || !to.empty()) {
-		result += sep + units;
-	}
-	if (!from.empty() && !to.empty()) {
-		result += " BETWEEN ";
-		result += from;
-		result += " AND ";
-		result += to;
-	} else if (!from.empty()) {
-		result += " ";
-		result += from;
-	} else if (!to.empty()) {
-		result += " ";
-		result += to;
-	}
-
-	result += ")";
-	return result;
+	string function_name = aggregate.get() ? aggregate->name : ExpressionTypeToString(type);
+	return WindowExpression::ToString<BoundWindowExpression, Expression, BoundOrderByNode>(*this, string(),
+	                                                                                       function_name);
 }
 
 bool BoundWindowExpression::Equals(const BaseExpression *other_p) const {
@@ -151770,7 +153894,13 @@ OrderBinder::OrderBinder(vector<Binder *> binders, idx_t projection_index, Selec
 }
 
 unique_ptr<Expression> OrderBinder::CreateProjectionReference(ParsedExpression &expr, idx_t index) {
-	return make_unique<BoundColumnRefExpression>(expr.GetName(), LogicalType::INVALID,
+	string alias;
+	if (extra_list && index < extra_list->size()) {
+		alias = extra_list->at(index)->ToString();
+	} else {
+		alias = expr.GetName();
+	}
+	return make_unique<BoundColumnRefExpression>(move(alias), LogicalType::INVALID,
 	                                             ColumnBinding(projection_index, index));
 }
 
@@ -152879,6 +155009,7 @@ JoinSide JoinSide::GetJoinSide(const unordered_set<idx_t> &bindings, unordered_s
 
 
 
+
 namespace duckdb {
 
 string LogicalOperator::GetName() const {
@@ -152955,6 +155086,7 @@ void LogicalOperator::Verify() {
 #ifdef DEBUG
 	// verify expressions
 	for (idx_t expr_idx = 0; expr_idx < expressions.size(); expr_idx++) {
+		auto str = expressions[expr_idx]->ToString();
 		// verify that we can (correctly) copy this expression
 		auto copy = expressions[expr_idx]->Copy();
 		auto original_hash = expressions[expr_idx]->Hash();
@@ -152974,6 +155106,7 @@ void LogicalOperator::Verify() {
 				D_ASSERT(!expr_equal);
 			}
 		}
+		D_ASSERT(!str.empty());
 	}
 	D_ASSERT(!ToString().empty());
 	for (auto &child : children) {
@@ -156230,7 +158363,7 @@ void PartialBlock::FlushToDisk(DatabaseInstance &db) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #11
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /**
@@ -156243,7 +158376,7 @@ void PartialBlock::FlushToDisk(DatabaseInstance &db) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #11
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /**
@@ -179681,7 +181814,7 @@ mz_bool mz_zip_end(mz_zip_archive *pZip)
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2008 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -179712,7 +181845,7 @@ mz_bool mz_zip_end(mz_zip_archive *pZip)
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2009 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -179733,7 +181866,7 @@ mz_bool mz_zip_end(mz_zip_archive *pZip)
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2009 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -179880,7 +182013,7 @@ class LogMessageFatal : public LogMessage {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2018 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -179945,7 +182078,7 @@ class PODArray {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2007 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -179972,7 +182105,7 @@ class PODArray {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2006 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -180374,7 +182507,7 @@ template<typename Value> bool SparseArray<Value>::less(const IndexValue& a,
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2006 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -181063,7 +183196,7 @@ class Prog {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2006 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -181164,7 +183297,7 @@ class Prog {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*
@@ -182138,7 +184271,7 @@ bool Prog::SearchBitState(const StringPiece& text,
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2007 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -182165,7 +184298,7 @@ bool Prog::SearchBitState(const StringPiece& text,
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2006 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -183681,7 +185814,7 @@ Prog* Prog::CompileSet(Regexp* re, RE2::Anchor anchor, int64_t max_mem) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2008 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -183726,7 +185859,7 @@ Prog* Prog::CompileSet(Regexp* re, RE2::Anchor anchor, int64_t max_mem) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2016 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -183777,7 +185910,7 @@ class HashMix {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2007 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -183921,7 +186054,7 @@ class WriterMutexLock {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2016 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -185997,7 +188130,7 @@ bool Prog::PossibleMatchRange(std::string* min, std::string* max, int maxlen) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2009 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -186007,7 +188140,7 @@ bool Prog::PossibleMatchRange(std::string* min, std::string* max, int maxlen) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2009 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -186133,7 +188266,7 @@ class FilteredRE2 {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2009 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -186251,7 +188384,7 @@ class Prefilter {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2009 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -186511,7 +188644,7 @@ void FilteredRE2::PrintPrefilter(int regexpid) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2008 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -186707,7 +188840,7 @@ static bool CanBeEmptyString(Regexp* re) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2006-2007 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -187430,7 +189563,7 @@ void Prog::Fanout(SparseArray<int>* fanout) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2008 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -188014,7 +190147,7 @@ fail:
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2006 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -188054,7 +190187,7 @@ fail:
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2008 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -188142,7 +190275,7 @@ extern Rune ApplyFold(const CaseFold *f, Rune r);
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2008 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -190650,7 +192783,7 @@ Regexp* Regexp::Parse(const StringPiece& s, ParseFlags global_flags,
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // GENERATED BY make_perl_groups.pl; DO NOT EDIT.
@@ -190778,7 +192911,7 @@ const int num_posix_groups = 28;
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2009 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -191479,7 +193612,7 @@ Prefilter* Prefilter::FromRE2(const RE2* re2) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2009 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -191890,7 +194023,7 @@ std::string PrefilterTree::DebugNodeString(Prefilter* node) const {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2007 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -191914,7 +194047,7 @@ std::string PrefilterTree::DebugNodeString(Prefilter* node) const {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2016 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -192940,7 +195073,7 @@ void Prog::ComputeHints(std::vector<Inst>* flat, int begin, int end) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2003-2009 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -194184,7 +196317,7 @@ DEFINE_INTEGER_PARSER(ulonglong)
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2006 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -195164,7 +197297,7 @@ CharClass* CharClassBuilder::GetCharClass() {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2010 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -195174,7 +197307,7 @@ CharClass* CharClassBuilder::GetCharClass() {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2010 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -195415,7 +197548,7 @@ bool RE2::Set::Match(const StringPiece& text, std::vector<int>* v,
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2006 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -196080,7 +198213,7 @@ Regexp* SimplifyWalker::SimplifyCharClass(Regexp* re) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2004 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -196154,7 +198287,7 @@ std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& o, const StringPiece& p) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 2006 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -196512,7 +198645,7 @@ static void AppendCCRange(std::string* t, Rune lo, Rune hi) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 
@@ -197088,7 +199221,7 @@ const int num_unicode_tolower = 194;
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 
@@ -203156,7 +205289,7 @@ const int num_unicode_groups = 184;
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*
@@ -203425,7 +205558,7 @@ utfrune(const char *s, Rune c)
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 // Copyright 1999-2005 The RE2 Authors.  All Rights Reserved.
@@ -203598,7 +205731,7 @@ void StringAppendF(std::string* dst, const char* format, ...) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #4
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #5
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /* hyperloglog.c - Redis HyperLogLog probabilistic cardinality approximation.
@@ -203636,7 +205769,7 @@ void StringAppendF(std::string* dst, const char* format, ...) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #4
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #5
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /* SDSLib 2.0 -- A C dynamic strings library
@@ -205140,7 +207273,7 @@ robj *hll_merge(robj **hlls, size_t hll_count) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #4
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #5
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /* SDSLib 2.0 -- A C dynamic strings library
@@ -206263,7 +208396,7 @@ void sdfree(void *ptr) { free(ptr); }
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #11
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 
@@ -223402,7 +225535,7 @@ size_t Utf8Proc::RenderWidth(const char *s, size_t len, size_t pos) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 #include <stdexcept>
@@ -223412,7 +225545,7 @@ size_t Utf8Proc::RenderWidth(const char *s, size_t len, size_t pos) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 
@@ -223740,7 +225873,7 @@ PGNode *newNode(size_t size, PGNodeTag type) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 
@@ -223750,7 +225883,7 @@ PGNode *newNode(size_t size, PGNodeTag type) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -223789,7 +225922,7 @@ bool get_preserve_identifier_case();
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -223837,7 +225970,7 @@ PostgresParser::PostgresParser() : success(false), parse_tree(nullptr), error_me
 
 void PostgresParser::Parse(const string &query) {
 	duckdb_libpgquery::pg_parser_init();
-    duckdb_libpgquery::parse_result res;
+	duckdb_libpgquery::parse_result res;
 	pg_parser_parse(query.c_str(), &res);
 	success = res.success;
 
@@ -223879,7 +226012,7 @@ void PostgresParser::SetPreserveIdentifierCase(bool preserve) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -224427,7 +226560,7 @@ int			length(const PGList *list);
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -224468,7 +226601,7 @@ int			length(const PGList *list);
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -224503,7 +226636,7 @@ typedef struct PGFunctionCallInfoData *PGFunctionCallInfo;
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -224581,7 +226714,7 @@ PGGroupingSet *makeGroupingSet(GroupingSetKind kind, PGList *content, int locati
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -224928,7 +227061,7 @@ PGGroupingSet *makeGroupingSet(GroupingSetKind kind, PGList *content, int locati
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -225010,7 +227143,7 @@ PGValue *makeString(const char *str) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /* A Bison parser, made by GNU Bison 2.3.  */
@@ -226114,7 +228247,7 @@ PGValue *makeString(const char *str) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -226141,7 +228274,7 @@ PGValue *makeString(const char *str) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -226279,7 +228412,7 @@ namespace duckdb_libpgquery {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /* A Bison parser, made by GNU Bison 2.3.  */
@@ -227414,7 +229547,7 @@ int base_yyparse(core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -227438,7 +229571,7 @@ int base_yyparse(core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -227458,7 +229591,7 @@ int base_yyparse(core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -227519,7 +229652,7 @@ typedef struct {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -252437,7 +254570,7 @@ parser_init(base_yy_extra_type *yyext)
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -252476,7 +254609,7 @@ parser_init(base_yy_extra_type *yyext)
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 
@@ -253208,7 +255341,7 @@ int base_yylex(YYSTYPE *lvalp, YYLTYPE *llocp, core_yyscan_t yyscanner) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 #line 2 "third_party/libpg_query/src_backend_parser_scan.cpp"
@@ -253253,7 +255386,7 @@ int base_yylex(YYSTYPE *lvalp, YYLTYPE *llocp, core_yyscan_t yyscanner) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -257345,7 +259478,7 @@ core_yyfree(void *ptr, core_yyscan_t yyscanner)
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -257477,7 +259610,7 @@ bool scanner_isspace(char ch) {
 
 
 // LICENSE_CHANGE_BEGIN
-// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9
+// The following code up to LICENSE_CHANGE_END is subject to THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10
 // See the end of this file for a list
 
 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -257741,6 +259874,34 @@ THE SOFTWARE.
 
 ### THIRD PARTY LICENSE #4 ###
 
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
+person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
+Software without restriction, including without
+limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
+the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice
+shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
+of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
+ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT
+SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+
+
+### THIRD PARTY LICENSE #5 ###
+
 Copyright (c) 2012 Art.sy, Inc.
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
@@ -257762,7 +259923,7 @@ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 SOFTWARE.
 
 
-### THIRD PARTY LICENSE #5 ###
+### THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6 ###
 
                                  Apache License
                            Version 2.0, January 2004
@@ -257967,7 +260128,7 @@ SOFTWARE.
    limitations under the License.
 
 
-### THIRD PARTY LICENSE #6 ###
+### THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7 ###
 
 // Copyright (c) 2009 The RE2 Authors. All rights reserved.
 //
@@ -257999,7 +260160,7 @@ SOFTWARE.
 
 
 
-### THIRD PARTY LICENSE #7 ###
+### THIRD PARTY LICENSE #8 ###
 
 The MIT License (MIT)
 
@@ -258026,7 +260187,7 @@ SOFTWARE.
 
 
 
-### THIRD PARTY LICENSE #8 ###
+### THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9 ###
 
 This license file applies to everything in this repository except that which
 is explicitly annotated as being written by other authors, i.e. the Boost
@@ -258092,7 +260253,7 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
 
 
-### THIRD PARTY LICENSE #9 ###
+### THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10 ###
 
 Copyright (c) 2015, Lukas Fittl <lukas@fittl.com>
 All rights reserved.
@@ -258124,7 +260285,7 @@ ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
 
-### THIRD PARTY LICENSE #10 ###
+### THIRD PARTY LICENSE #11 ###
 
 Apache License
 Version 2.0, January 2004