dsh-model-everything 0.4.1 → 0.5.1

package/src/render/layout.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/**
+ * The graph the layout stages agree on, and the order they start from.
+ *
+ * A layout stage has no business knowing what a diagram is: it sees boxes with a size and edges
+ * between them. That is what `LayoutGraph` is, and it is the whole vocabulary the pipeline shares -
+ * cycle breaking reads it, layering writes layers, ordering and coordinate assignment read those.
+ *
+ * `rankStates` stays: it is the breadth-first order a source's own reading suggests, and it seeds
+ * the ordering stage with the discovery order instead of whatever order the parser happened to
+ * collect. It no longer decides which row a state is in - `layer.ts` does that now - so the rows it
+ * returns are only a first guess at the left-to-right order.
+ *
+ * Pure, and asserted on the answer itself.
+ */
+
+/** A box to place: an id, and the space its text needs. */
+export interface LayoutNode {
+  id: string
+  width: number
+  height: number
+}
+
+/** An edge to draw: which two boxes it joins, and which diagram edge it came from. */
+export interface LayoutEdge {
+  /** The index in the diagram's own edge list, so the drawing can report a lane back for it. */
+  index: number
+  from: string
+  to: string
+}
+
+/** One level of a nested drawing: what is placed together in a single pass of the pipeline. */
+export interface LayoutGraph {
+  nodes: LayoutNode[]
+  edges: LayoutEdge[]
+  /** The box that must stay on layer zero, when the source named one. */
+  init?: string
+}
+
+export interface Ranked {
+  /** The state ids of each row, top to bottom, already ordered left to right. */
+  rows: string[][]
+  /** States no edge reaches from the initial one. */
+  unreachable: string[]
+}
+
+export function rankStates(
+  nodes: ReadonlyArray<{ id: string }>,
+  edges: ReadonlyArray<{ from: string; to: string }>,
+  init: string | undefined,
+): Ranked {
+  const ids = nodes.map((node) => node.id)
+  const known = new Set(ids)
+  const start = init !== undefined && known.has(init) ? init : ids[0]
+
+  const outgoing = new Map<string, string[]>()
+  for (const edge of edges) {
+    if (!known.has(edge.from) || !known.has(edge.to)) continue
+    outgoing.set(edge.from, [...(outgoing.get(edge.from) ?? []), edge.to])
+  }
+
+  const depth = new Map<string, number>()
+  if (start !== undefined) {
+    depth.set(start, 0)
+    const queue: string[] = [start]
+    while (queue.length > 0) {
+      const id = queue.shift() as string
+      const level = depth.get(id) as number
+      for (const target of outgoing.get(id) ?? []) {
+        if (depth.has(target)) continue
+        depth.set(target, level + 1)
+        queue.push(target)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const rows: string[][] = []
+  for (const id of ids) {
+    const level = depth.get(id)
+    if (level === undefined) continue
+    while (rows.length <= level) rows.push([])
+    rows[level].push(id)
+  }
+
+  return { rows, unreachable: ids.filter((id) => !depth.has(id)) }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The left-to-right seed the ordering stage starts from.
+ *
+ * Breadth-first discovery is what a reader expects a drawing to follow, so it is a better first
+ * guess than the order the parser collected. A state nothing reaches has no discovery order and
+ * keeps the order it was written in, after everything that was reached.
+ */
+export function seedOrder(graph: LayoutGraph): Map<string, number> {
+  const ranked = rankStates(graph.nodes, graph.edges, graph.init)
+  const order = new Map<string, number>()
+  let index = 0
+  for (const row of ranked.rows) for (const id of row) order.set(id, index++)
+  for (const id of ranked.unreachable) order.set(id, index++)
+  return order
+}

package/src/render/model.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/**
+ * The diagram a renderer draws, in the notation it came from being nobody's business.
+ *
+ * Every source - a verification report, a Mermaid file, a PlantUML component diagram, a dependency scan -
+ * is reduced to this one shape before anything is laid out. A renderer that understood notations would have
+ * to be changed for each of them; a renderer that understands this does not.
+ *
+ * Pure data, no functions: a model can be serialised, compared and asserted.
+ */
+
+/** What a node is, as far as colour is concerned. */
+export type NodeRole = 'normal' | 'error' | 'warning' | 'muted'
+
+/** The symbol a node is drawn as. UML and Mermaid both distinguish these; the notation decides which one applies. */
+export type NodeShape = 'rect' | 'diamond' | 'cylinder' | 'stadium' | 'circle' | 'subroutine' | 'hexagon'
+
+export interface DiagramNode {
+  id: string
+  /** The text drawn inside the box. Defaults to the id when a notation labelled it. */
+  label?: string
+  role: NodeRole
+  /** Defaults to a rectangle: a node the source gave no shape has no shape to draw. */
+  shape?: NodeShape
+}
+
+/**
+ * What an edge's head means, when the notation distinguished it.
+ *
+ * The painter draws the meaning: a plain arrow for an association, a hollow triangle for a generalisation or a
+ * realisation, a filled diamond at the source for a composition, a hollow one for an aggregation, and a dashed
+ * line for the two dependency-flavoured kinds.
+ */
+export type EdgeArrow = 'association' | 'dependency' | 'generalization' | 'realization' | 'composition' | 'aggregation'
+
+export interface DiagramEdge {
+  from: string
+  to: string
+  label: string
+  /** A dashed edge, for notations that distinguish one. */
+  dashed?: boolean
+  /**
+   * The arrow the notation stated. Absent means the plain arrow every edge has been drawn with: a Mermaid edge
+   * states no arrow type, so it carries no field and is drawn exactly as before.
+   */
+  arrow?: EdgeArrow
+}
+
+export interface DiagramGroup {
+  id: string
+  label: string
+  /**
+   * The nodes declared directly inside it: a group is a box around boxes, and its own members are the ones a
+   * source named there. A node inside a nested group is that group's member, not this one's.
+   */
+  members: string[]
+  /**
+   * The group that contains this one, when the source said so.
+   *
+   * Only a parser can know this - nesting is a property of where the text put the boundary - so the layout does
+   * not guess it. Left absent, the painter falls back to inferring containment from member sets, which is the
+   * best a hand-written model can offer.
+   */
+  parent?: string
+}
+
+export interface Diagram {
+  kind: 'machine' | 'graph' | 'none'
+  /** The state the machine starts in, when the source declared one. */
+  init?: string
+  title: string
+  nodes: DiagramNode[]
+  edges: DiagramEdge[]
+  groups?: DiagramGroup[]
+  /** One line under the drawing: what was decided, in words the drawing cannot carry. */
+  caption: string
+}
+
+/** An empty drawing, for a source that produced no nodes. */
+export function emptyDiagram(title: string, caption: string): Diagram {
+  return { kind: 'none', title, nodes: [], edges: [], caption }
+}
+
+/** The label to draw for a node: its own label when the notation gave one, else its id. */
+export function labelOf(node: DiagramNode): string {
+  return node.label !== undefined && node.label !== '' ? node.label : node.id
+}

package/src/render/network-simplex.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+/**
+ * Minimum-length ranking: the network simplex of Gansner, Koutsofios, North and Vo (1993).
+ *
+ * The ranking problem: give every node a layer such that each edge spans at least its minimum length, and make the
+ * total of all the slack - the layers every edge spans beyond its minimum - as small as it can be. Slack is what a
+ * reader pays for: an edge that spans three layers has to be drawn through two of them.
+ *
+ * Longest paths are one feasible answer and they are not the best one. They put every node as high as it can
+ * possibly go, which leaves a node whose edges leave it with nothing to do above the boxes it points at. The best
+ * answer is the solution of a linear program, and network simplex is how the mature layering implementations solve
+ * it: hold a *feasible tree* - a spanning tree every edge of which is tight - and a ranking that tightens it, attach
+ * a *cut value* to each tree edge (the weight flowing one way across that cut minus the weight flowing the other),
+ * and while some tree edge has a negative cut value, take it out, let the cheapest edge across its cut in, and move
+ * the ranks so the new edge is tight. The cut value is the rate at which the total length falls as the tree edge is
+ * left out, so every exchange shortens the drawing, and a tree with no negative cut value is the optimum: no single
+ * exchange is left that would shorten it, and for this program that is the definition of optimal.
+ *
+ * Three things are done differently from the paper, each because this graph is not the paper's graph:
+ *
+ * - **Components are solved one at a time.** The ranking is translation invariant, so two components that share no
+ *   edge can be laid out apart from each other; each is solved on its own and its top row is then numbered zero.
+ * - **A node may be pinned to the top.** A state machine has an initial state and a reader expects it first, so the
+ *   stage can name one node that must be on the topmost layer: a zero-length, zero-weight constraint edge runs from
+ *   it to every other node of its component (`rank(v) >= rank(pinned)`), and the ranking is minimised subject to that.
+ *   The constraint costs length when the free optimum would have put the pinned node below another source, and that
+ *   price is what "the initial state is first" means.
+ * - **The iteration is capped.** A degenerate exchange (one that moves nothing) is legal and in theory can go round
+ *   in circles. The cap turns that into a ranking that is feasible and no worse than where it started.
+ *
+ * Pure, and generic in the ranking program: no ids, no sizes, no drawing.
+ */
+
+/** One edge of the ranking program: two layers, how far apart they may be, and what one layer of slack costs. */
+export interface RankEdge {
+  from: number
+  to: number
+  /** The least number of layers this edge may span. One for an edge that is drawn, zero for a constraint. */
+  minLength: number
+  /** What one extra layer on this edge costs. Zero for a constraint, which must hold but is not worth shortening. */
+  weight: number
+}
+
+export interface RankProblem {
+  count: number
+  edges: RankEdge[]
+  /** A feasible ranking to start from: it already gives every edge at least its minimum length. */
+  start: number[]
+  /**
+   * The node that has to sit on the topmost layer, when the source named one.
+   *
+   * It has to be a node nothing points at, or no ranking can hold it at the top - a predecessor forces it down. The
+   * constraint is dropped when the start ranking cannot satisfy it.
+   */
+  pinned?: number
+}
+
+/** How many layers this edge spans beyond its minimum: at least zero in a feasible ranking. */
+function slackOf(edge: RankEdge, rank: number[]): number {
+  return rank[edge.to] - rank[edge.from] - edge.minLength
+}
+
+/** The nodes of each weakly connected component, in index order, each list in index order. */
+function componentsOf(count: number, edges: RankEdge[]): number[][] {
+  const neighbours: number[][] = []
+  for (let node = 0; node < count; node += 1) neighbours.push([])
+  for (const edge of edges) {
+    neighbours[edge.from].push(edge.to)
+    neighbours[edge.to].push(edge.from)
+  }
+  const seen = new Array<boolean>(count).fill(false)
+  const components: number[][] = []
+  for (let node = 0; node < count; node += 1) {
+    if (seen[node]) continue
+    seen[node] = true
+    const members = [node]
+    for (let head = 0; head < members.length; head += 1) {
+      for (const next of neighbours[members[head]]) {
+        if (seen[next]) continue
+        seen[next] = true
+        members.push(next)
+      }
+    }
+    members.sort((left, right) => left - right)
+    components.push(members)
+  }
+  return components
+}
+
+/**
+ * A spanning tree of tight edges, built one edge at a time.
+ *
+ * A tight edge is one of the tree's to grow on: it already spans exactly its minimum, so it constrains the ranking
+ * without costing anything. When no tight edge reaches out of the tree, no tree can be grown from here without
+ * moving something: the nodes outside the tree are shifted as one block until a crossing edge is tight. The block
+ * moves by the largest amount that keeps every crossing edge feasible, which is the smaller of the two bounds the
+ * crossing edges impose - one per direction - so one edge becomes tight and none goes negative.
+ */
+function buildTightTree(members: number[], edges: RankEdge[], rank: number[], tree: Set<number>): void {
+  const inside = new Set<number>([members[0]])
+  while (inside.size < members.length) {
+    let tight = -1
+    for (const [index, edge] of edges.entries()) {
+      if (tree.has(index)) continue
+      if (inside.has(edge.from) === inside.has(edge.to)) continue
+      if (slackOf(edge, rank) === 0) {
+        tight = index
+        break
+      }
+    }
+    if (tight >= 0) {
+      tree.add(tight)
+      inside.add(edges[tight].from)
+      inside.add(edges[tight].to)
+      continue
+    }
+    // Nothing tight leaves the tree: slide everything outside it until something does. An edge leaving the tree
+    // gains a layer of slack per unit of the slide and an edge entering it loses one, so the feasible slides are the
+    // interval between the two bounds, and the bound that is not zero is where an edge becomes tight.
+    let lowest = -Infinity
+    let highest = Infinity
+    for (const edge of edges) {
+      const from = inside.has(edge.from)
+      const to = inside.has(edge.to)
+      if (from === to) continue
+      const slack = slackOf(edge, rank)
+      if (from) lowest = Math.max(lowest, -slack)
+      else highest = Math.min(highest, slack)
+    }
+    // A connected component has at least one edge across the tree's cut, so one of the two bounds is finite.
+    const step = lowest > -Infinity ? lowest : highest
+    for (const node of members) if (!inside.has(node)) rank[node] += step
+  }
+}
+
+/** The tree's parents and subtree extents, read off one depth-first walk. */
+interface TreeWalk {
+  /** For each node, its parent, or -1 for the root. */
+  parent: Map<number, number>
+  /** The preorder position of each node, and how many nodes its subtree holds. */
+  first: Map<number, number>
+  size: Map<number, number>
+  order: number[]
+}
+
+function walkTree(members: number[], edges: RankEdge[], tree: Set<number>): TreeWalk {
+  const adjacency = new Map<number, Array<{ node: number }>>()
+  const link = (node: number, other: number): void => {
+    adjacency.set(node, [...(adjacency.get(node) ?? []), { node: other }])
+  }
+  for (const index of tree) {
+    const edge = edges[index]
+    link(edge.from, edge.to)
+    link(edge.to, edge.from)
+  }
+  const parent = new Map<number, number>()
+  const first = new Map<number, number>()
+  const size = new Map<number, number>()
+  const order: number[] = []
+  const seen = new Set<number>()
+  const root = members[0]
+  const stack = [root]
+  seen.add(root)
+  parent.set(root, -1)
+  while (stack.length > 0) {
+    const node = stack.pop() as number
+    first.set(node, order.length)
+    order.push(node)
+    for (const step of adjacency.get(node) as Array<{ node: number }>) {
+      if (seen.has(step.node)) continue
+      seen.add(step.node)
+      parent.set(step.node, node)
+      stack.push(step.node)
+    }
+  }
+  for (let index = order.length - 1; index >= 0; index -= 1) {
+    const node = order[index]
+    size.set(node, (size.get(node) ?? 0) + 1)
+    const above = parent.get(node)
+    if (above !== undefined && above >= 0) size.set(above, (size.get(above) ?? 0) + (size.get(node) as number))
+  }
+  return { parent, first, size, order }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Solve one component in place: grow a tight tree, exchange until no cut value is negative, then number its top row
+ * zero.
+ */
+function solveComponent(size: number, members: number[], edges: RankEdge[], rank: number[]): void {
+  if (members.length < 2) {
+    if (members.length === 1) rank[members[0]] = 0
+    return
+  }
+  const tree = new Set<number>()
+  buildTightTree(members, edges, rank, tree)
+  // A tree that does not span cannot be exchanged on; the start ranking is still feasible, so it is what is kept.
+  const spanning = tree.size === members.length - 1
+  if (spanning) improve(size, members, edges, tree, rank)
+
+  let top = Infinity
+  for (const node of members) top = Math.min(top, rank[node])
+  for (const node of members) rank[node] -= top
+}
+
+function improve(size: number, members: number[], edges: RankEdge[], tree: Set<number>, rank: number[]): void {
+  const incoming = new Float64Array(size)
+  const outgoing = new Float64Array(size)
+  for (const edge of edges) {
+    outgoing[edge.from] += edge.weight
+    incoming[edge.to] += edge.weight
+  }
+  const cap = Math.max(50, 8 * members.length + 4 * edges.length)
+  for (let iteration = 0; iteration < cap; iteration += 1) {
+    const walk = walkTree(members, edges, tree)
+    // A subtree's cut value is what enters it minus what leaves it, or the other way round: which of the two is the
+    // tail side of the tree edge decides the sign. Removing a tree edge splits the tree in two, and the side holding
+    // the edge's tail is the one the value is read from.
+    const entering = new Map<number, number>()
+    const leaving = new Map<number, number>()
+    for (let index = walk.order.length - 1; index >= 0; index -= 1) {
+      const node = walk.order[index]
+      entering.set(node, incoming[node] + (entering.get(node) ?? 0))
+      leaving.set(node, outgoing[node] + (leaving.get(node) ?? 0))
+      const above = walk.parent.get(node)
+      if (above === undefined || above < 0) continue
+      entering.set(above, (entering.get(above) ?? 0) + (entering.get(node) as number))
+      leaving.set(above, (leaving.get(above) ?? 0) + (leaving.get(node) as number))
+    }
+    const holds = (node: number, child: number): boolean => {
+      const start = walk.first.get(child) as number
+      const at = walk.first.get(node) as number
+      return at >= start && at < start + (walk.size.get(child) as number)
+    }
+
+    let worst = -1
+    let worstEdge = -1
+    let worstChild = -1
+    for (const index of tree) {
+      const edge = edges[index]
+      const child = walk.parent.get(edge.from) === edge.to ? edge.from : edge.to
+      const tailInside = holds(edge.from, child)
+      const value = tailInside
+        ? (leaving.get(child) as number) - (entering.get(child) as number)
+        : (entering.get(child) as number) - (leaving.get(child) as number)
+      if (value < 0 && (worstEdge < 0 || value < worst)) {
+        worst = value
+        worstEdge = index
+        worstChild = child
+      }
+    }
+    if (worstEdge < 0) return
+
+    // The head side of the leaving edge is moved down, which shortens every edge running from it to the tail side.
+    // The move is as far as the first of those edges allows, and that edge becomes the one that enters the tree.
+    const leavingEdge = edges[worstEdge]
+    const headInside = !holds(leavingEdge.from, worstChild)
+    const inHead = (node: number): boolean => (headInside ? holds(node, worstChild) : !holds(node, worstChild))
+    let enteringEdge = -1
+    let step = Infinity
+    for (const [index, edge] of edges.entries()) {
+      if (tree.has(index)) continue
+      if (!inHead(edge.from) || inHead(edge.to)) continue
+      const slack = slackOf(edge, rank)
+      if (slack < step || (slack === step && (enteringEdge < 0 || index < enteringEdge))) {
+        step = slack
+        enteringEdge = index
+      }
+    }
+    if (enteringEdge < 0 || step === Infinity) return
+    if (step !== 0) for (const node of members) if (inHead(node)) rank[node] += step
+    tree.delete(worstEdge)
+    tree.add(enteringEdge)
+  }
+}
+
+export function minimumLength(problem: RankProblem): number[] {
+  const rank = problem.start.slice()
+  for (const members of componentsOf(problem.count, problem.edges)) {
+    const inside = new Set(members)
+    const local = problem.edges.filter((edge) => inside.has(edge.from) && inside.has(edge.to))
+    const pinned = problem.pinned !== undefined && inside.has(problem.pinned) ? problem.pinned : undefined
+    // The pin is a set of zero-length constraints from the pinned node to the rest of its component. It is only
+    // feasible when the start ranking already holds the pinned node at the top of its component.
+    const pinnedRank = pinned === undefined ? undefined : rank[pinned]
+    if (pinned !== undefined && pinnedRank !== undefined && members.every((node) => rank[node] >= pinnedRank)) {
+      for (const node of members) if (node !== pinned) local.push({ from: pinned, to: node, minLength: 0, weight: 0 })
+    }
+    solveComponent(problem.count, members, local, rank)
+  }
+  return rank
+}

package/src/render/order.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/**
+ * Ordering: the left-to-right order of each layer.
+ *
+ * The layer a box is in is fixed by now; the only freedom left is the order inside each layer, and that order decides
+ * how many edges cross. A crossing is counted on a pair of adjacent layers: two edges between the same two layers
+ * cross when their end points are in opposite order on the top and the bottom.
+ *
+ * The method is the one every layered layout uses. A median sweep takes each layer in turn and sorts it by the median
+ * position of its neighbours in the layer just visited - down the drawing, then up. A down sweep alone settles each
+ * layer against the one above it and can be undone by the next; alternating is what makes the passes converge.
+ *
+ * The median is a good guess, not a search. Greedy switch is the search: try swapping two neighbours in a layer, keep
+ * the swap if the total crossing count falls, and stop when a whole pass finds nothing. That is where a crossing the
+ * median cannot see gets removed.
+ *
+ * Pure: layers of ids in, layers of ids out, plus the crossing count that justified them.
+ */
+
+import type { Chain } from './dummy.js'
+
+export interface Ordered {
+  /** The same layers, each in its final order. */
+  layers: string[][]
+  /** The number of crossings between adjacent layers left by the ordering. */
+  crossings: number
+}
+
+/** Where each id sits, by layer and by position within it. */
+function locate(layers: string[][]): Map<string, { layer: number; index: number }> {
+  const found = new Map<string, { layer: number; index: number }>()
+  layers.forEach((layer, depth) => layer.forEach((id, index) => found.set(id, { layer: depth, index })))
+  return found
+}
+
+/** The median position of an id's neighbours in the layer that was just visited; its own when it has none there. */
+function medianOf(
+  id: string,
+  neighbours: Map<string, string[]>,
+  reference: number,
+  positions: Map<string, { layer: number; index: number }>,
+): number {
+  const found = (neighbours.get(id) ?? [])
+    .filter((other) => positions.get(other)?.layer === reference)
+    .map((other) => (positions.get(other) as { index: number }).index)
+    .sort((left, right) => left - right)
+  if (found.length === 0) return (positions.get(id) as { index: number }).index
+  const middle = Math.floor(found.length / 2)
+  return found.length % 2 === 1 ? found[middle] : (found[middle - 1] + found[middle]) / 2
+}
+
+/** How many pairs of edges between adjacent layers cross. */
+export function countCrossings(layers: string[][], chains: Chain[]): number {
+  const positions = locate(layers)
+  const segments = new Map<number, Array<{ top: number; bottom: number }>>()
+  for (const chain of chains) {
+    for (let cursor = 0; cursor + 1 < chain.path.length; cursor += 1) {
+      const top = positions.get(chain.path[cursor])
+      const bottom = positions.get(chain.path[cursor + 1])
+      if (top === undefined || bottom === undefined || bottom.layer !== top.layer + 1) continue
+      const list = segments.get(top.layer) ?? []
+      list.push({ top: top.index, bottom: bottom.index })
+      segments.set(top.layer, list)
+    }
+  }
+  let crossings = 0
+  for (const list of segments.values()) {
+    for (let left = 0; left < list.length; left += 1) {
+      for (let right = left + 1; right < list.length; right += 1) {
+        if ((list[left].top - list[right].top) * (list[left].bottom - list[right].bottom) < 0) crossings += 1
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return crossings
+}
+
+export function order(seedLayers: string[][], chains: Chain[], seed?: Map<string, number>): Ordered {
+  // The first guess: the order the source's own reading suggests. A dummy has no such order and starts last in its
+  // layer; the median sweep is what moves it to the lane its edge crosses.
+  const layers = seedLayers.map((layer) =>
+    layer
+      .map((id, index) => ({ id, index }))
+      .sort((left, right) => (seed?.get(left.id) ?? Infinity) - (seed?.get(right.id) ?? Infinity) || left.index - right.index)
+      .map((entry) => entry.id),
+  )
+  const down = new Map<string, string[]>()
+  const up = new Map<string, string[]>()
+  for (const chain of chains) {
+    for (let cursor = 0; cursor + 1 < chain.path.length; cursor += 1) {
+      const top = chain.path[cursor]
+      const bottom = chain.path[cursor + 1]
+      down.set(top, [...(down.get(top) ?? []), bottom])
+      up.set(bottom, [...(up.get(bottom) ?? []), top])
+    }
+  }
+
+  let positions = locate(layers)
+  for (let round = 0; round < 4; round += 1) {
+    for (let depth = 1; depth < layers.length; depth += 1) {
+      const layer = layers[depth]
+      const sorted = layer
+        .map((id, index) => ({ id, index, median: medianOf(id, up, depth - 1, positions) }))
+        .sort((left, right) => left.median - right.median || left.index - right.index)
+        .map((entry) => entry.id)
+      layers[depth] = sorted
+      positions = locate(layers)
+    }
+    for (let depth = layers.length - 2; depth >= 0; depth -= 1) {
+      const layer = layers[depth]
+      const sorted = layer
+        .map((id, index) => ({ id, index, median: medianOf(id, down, depth + 1, positions) }))
+        .sort((left, right) => left.median - right.median || left.index - right.index)
+        .map((entry) => entry.id)
+      layers[depth] = sorted
+      positions = locate(layers)
+    }
+  }
+
+  let crossings = countCrossings(layers, chains)
+  for (let pass = 0; pass < 4; pass += 1) {
+    let improved = false
+    for (const layer of layers) {
+      for (let index = 0; index + 1 < layer.length; index += 1) {
+        const before = layer[index]
+        layer[index] = layer[index + 1]
+        layer[index + 1] = before
+        const next = countCrossings(layers, chains)
+        if (next < crossings) {
+          crossings = next
+          improved = true
+        } else {
+          layer[index + 1] = layer[index]
+          layer[index] = before
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (!improved) break
+  }
+  return { layers, crossings }
+}