dobo 2.38.0 → 2.39.1

package/lib/factory/adapter.js

@@ -1,1055 +1,1055 @@
-import { ulid } from 'ulid'
-import { v4 as uuidv4, v7 as uuidv7 } from 'uuid'
-import crypto from 'crypto'
-
-const defIdField = {
-  name: '_id',
-  type: 'string',
-  maxLength: 50,
-  required: true,
-  index: 'primary'
-}
-
-/**
- * @external Tools
- * @see {@link https://ardhi.github.io/bajo/Tools.html|Bajo Tools}
- */
-
-/**
- * @typedef TIdField
- * @type {object}
- * @memberof DoboAdapter
- * @property {string} [name='_id'] - The name of the ID field.
- * @property {string} [type='string'] - The data type of the ID field.
- * @property {number} [maxLength=50] - The maximum length of the ID field.
- * @property {boolean} [required=true] - Indicates if the ID field is required.
- * @property {string} [index='primary'] - The index type of the ID field.
- */
-
-/**
- * @typedef TSupport
- * @memberof DoboAdapter
- * @type {object}
- * @property {object} [propType={}] - An object indicating support for various property types.
- * @property {boolean} [propType.object=false] - Indicates if object property type is supported.
- * @property {boolean} [propType.array=false] - Indicates if array property type is supported.
- * @property {boolean} [propType.datetime=true] - Indicates if datetime property type is supported.
- * @property {boolean} [search=false] - Indicates if search functionality is supported.
- * @property {boolean} [uniqueIndex=false] - Indicates if unique index functionality is supported.
- * @property {boolean} [nullableField=true] - Indicates if nullable fields are supported.
- * @property {boolean} [transaction=false] - Indicates if transaction functionality is supported.
- */
-
-/**
- * Adapter factory function.
- *
- * @async
- * @returns {Promise<DoboAdapter>}
- */
-async function adapterFactory () {
-  const { Tools } = this.app.baseClass
-  const { pick, cloneDeep, has, uniq, without, isEmpty, omit, isFunction, camelCase, last } = this.app.lib._
-  const { isSet } = this.app.lib.aneka
-  const { runHook } = this.app.bajo
-
-  /**
-   * DoboAdapter class serves as a base class for all database adapters in the Dobo framework. It provides common functionality for managing models, records, and database operations.
-   * Child classes should implement the abstract methods to provide specific database functionality.
-   *
-   * @class
-   * @extends external:Tools
-   */
-  class DoboAdapter extends Tools {
-    /**
-     * Constructor.
-     */
-    constructor (plugin, name, options = {}) {
-      super(plugin)
-
-      /**
-       * Adapter name
-       * @type {string}
-       */
-      this.name = name
-
-      /**
-       * ID field configuration
-       * @type {DoboAdapter.TIdField}
-       */
-      this.idField = cloneDeep(defIdField)
-      this.propertyType = {}
-
-      /**
-       * Support configuration for the adapter
-       * @type {DoboAdapter.TSupport}
-       */
-      this.support = {
-        propType: {
-          object: false,
-          array: false,
-          datetime: true
-        },
-        search: false,
-        uniqueIndex: false,
-        nullableField: true,
-        transaction: false
-      }
-
-      /**
-       * Indicates whether to use UTC for datetime fields
-       * @type {boolean}
-       */
-      this.useUtc = false
-
-      /**
-       * Maximum chunk size for bulk operations
-       * @type {number}
-       */
-      this.maxChunkSize = 500
-
-      /**
-       * Indicates whether the adapter uses in-memory storage
-       * @type {boolean}
-       */
-      this.memory = false
-
-      /**
-       * Adapter options
-       * @type {object}
-       */
-      this.options = options
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sanitize connection object
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {Object} conn - Connection object
-     * @returns {Promise<void>}
-     */
-    async sanitizeConnection (conn) {
-      conn.proto = conn.proto ?? 'http' // used by adapter that use url based connection
-      conn.memory = false
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sanitizes the body of a record before creating or updating it. It ensures that all required fields
-     * are present and have valid values, and converts data types as necessary.
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the body is being sanitized
-     * @param {object} body - The body of the record to be sanitized
-     * @param {boolean} [partial=false] - Indicates whether to perform a partial update
-     * @returns {object} - Sanitized body
-     */
-    sanitizeBody (model, body = {}, partial) {
-      const { keys, pick } = this.app.lib._
-      const item = cloneDeep(body)
-      let newId = false
-      if (has(item, 'id') && this.idField.name !== 'id') {
-        item[this.idField.name] = item.id
-        newId = true
-      }
-      for (const prop of model.getNonVirtualProperties()) {
-        if (item[prop.name] === 'null') item[prop.name] = null
-        if (!isSet(item[prop.name]) && !this.support.nullableField) {
-          switch (prop.type) {
-            case 'datetime': item[prop.name] = new Date(0); break
-            case 'float':
-            case 'double': item[prop.name] = 0; break
-            case 'string':
-            case 'text': item[prop.name] = ''; break
-            case 'object': item[prop.name] = {}; break
-            case 'array': item[prop.name] = []; break
-          }
-        }
-        if (isSet(item[prop.name]) && !this.support.propType[prop.type]) {
-          if (prop.type === 'datetime') item[prop.name] = item[prop.name].toISOString()
-          else if (['object', 'array'].includes(prop.type)) item[prop.name] = JSON.stringify(item[prop.name])
-        }
-      }
-      const result = partial ? pick(item, keys(body)) : item
-      if (newId) delete result.id
-      return result
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sanitizes a record retrieved from the database, converting data types as necessary
-     * and ensuring that the record conforms to the model's schema.
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being sanitized
-     * @param {object} [record={}] - The record retrieved from the database
-     * @param {object} [options={}] - Additional options for sanitization
-     * @returns {object} - Sanitized record
-     */
-    sanitizeRecord (model, record = {}, options = {}) {
-      const { dayjs } = this.app.lib
-      const { isString } = this.app.lib._
-      const item = { ...record }
-      if (has(item, this.idField.name) && this.idField.name !== 'id') {
-        item.id = item[this.idField.name]
-        delete item[this.idField.name]
-      }
-      for (const prop of model.properties) {
-        if (isSet(item[prop.name])) {
-          if (!this.support.propType[prop.type]) {
-            try {
-              if (prop.type === 'datetime') {
-                const dt = this.useUtc ? dayjs.utc(item[prop.name]) : dayjs(item[prop.name])
-                item[prop.name] = dt.toDate()
-              } else if (isString(item[prop.name]) && ['object', 'array'].includes(prop.type)) item[prop.name] = JSON.parse(item[prop.name])
-            } catch (err) {
-              item[prop.name] = null
-            }
-          }
-          if (prop.type === 'datetime' && isString(item[prop.name])) {
-            const dt = this.useUtc ? dayjs.utc(item[prop.name]) : dayjs(item[prop.name])
-            item[prop.name] = dt.toDate()
-          }
-          if (prop.type === 'boolean' && isSet(item[prop.name])) item[prop.name] = Boolean(item[prop.name])
-        }
-      }
-      return item
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Utility method to get the real fields of a model, excluding virtual fields.
-     * This is useful for operations that require only the actual stored properties of a model.
-     * @param {*} model
-     * @returns {string[]} - Array of real field names
-     */
-    getRealFields (model) {
-      return model.getProperties({ noVirtual: true, namesOnly: true })
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Utility method to get the virtual fields of a model.
-     * This is useful for operations that need to work with computed or derived properties.
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance
-     * @returns {string[]} - Array of virtual field names
-     */
-    getVirtualFields (model) {
-      return model.getVirtualProperties({ namesOnly: true })
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get returning fields for a model based on the provided options. If the adapter supports returning fields,
-     * it will return the specified fields or all model properties. It ensures that the ID field is always
-     * included in the returned fields.
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which to get the returning fields
-     * @param {object} options - Options that may include the fields to return
-     * @returns {string[]} - Array of field names to be returned
-     */
-    _getReturningFields (model, options = {}) {
-      const { fields = [] } = options
-      if (!this.support.returning) return []
-      let items = fields.length > 0 ? [...fields] : model.properties.map(prop => prop.name)
-      if (!items.includes(this.idField.name)) items.unshift(this.idField.name)
-      if (this.idField.name !== 'id') items = without(items, ['id'])
-      return uniq(items)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Attaches hooks to the model for various operations. It runs the appropriate hooks
-     * before and after the specified operation, allowing for custom behavior to be injected
-     * into the model's lifecycle.
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {string} name - The name of the hook
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance to which the hook is being attached
-     * @param  {...any} args - Additional arguments to be passed to the hook
-     */
-    async _attachHook (name, model, ...args) {
-      const { ns } = this.app.dobo
-      const { kebabCase } = this.app.lib._
-      const options = last(args)
-      if (!options.noAdapterHook) {
-        const prefix = kebabCase(name).split('-')[0]
-        await runHook(`${ns}.adapter:${prefix}Any`, model, options)
-        await runHook(`${ns}.adapter:${name}`, model, ...args)
-        await runHook(`${ns}.adapter.${camelCase(model.name)}:${name}`, ...args)
-      }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks the uniqueness of fields with a unique index.
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @internal
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance to check
-     * @param {object} body - The data to be checked for uniqueness
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options, including the action being performed
-     * @returns {Promise<void>} - Resolves if unique, throws an error if not
-     */
-    _checkUnique = async (model, body = {}, options = {}) => {
-      const { isSet } = this.app.lib.aneka
-      const { filter, map, isEmpty, forOwn } = this.app.lib._
-      const indexes = filter(model.indexes ?? [], idx => idx.type === 'unique')
-      for (const index of indexes) {
-        const query = {}
-        for (const field of index.fields) {
-          if (isSet(body[field])) query[field] = body[field]
-        }
-        if (isEmpty(query)) continue
-        const { data } = await model.findOneRecord({ query }, options)
-        if (!isEmpty(data)) {
-          if (['updateRecord', 'upsertRecord'].includes(options.action)) {
-            let eq = true
-            forOwn(query, (v, k) => {
-              if (data[k] !== v) eq = false
-            })
-            if (!eq) continue
-          }
-          const error = this.app.dobo.t('uniqueConstraintError')
-          const details = map(index.fields, field => {
-            return { field, error }
-          })
-          throw this.app.dobo.error(error, { details, body })
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Internal calls that will be called by model
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the `modelExists` method, called internally by `model` to make sure
-     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
-     *
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model
-     * @param {object} options
-     * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
-     */
-    async _modelExists (model, options = {}) {
-      return await this.modelExists(model, options)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the `buildModel` method, called internally by `model` to make sure
-     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model
-     * @param {object} options
-     * @returns {Promise<object>}
-     */
-    async _buildModel (model, options = {}) {
-      return await this.buildModel(model, options)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the `dropModel` method, called internally by `model` to make sure
-     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model
-     * @param {object} options
-     * @returns {Promise<object>}
-     */
-    async _dropModel (model, options = {}) {
-      return await this.dropModel(model, options)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Prepares the body of a record for creation by populating default values for properties
-     * that are not set. It handles various types of default values, including functions,
-     * special strings (like 'now', 'uuid', etc.), and static values.
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the body is being prepared
-     * @param {object} body - The data to be prepared for creation
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect the preparation
-     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The prepared body with default values populated
-     */
-    async _prepBodyForCreate (model, body = {}, options = {}) {
-      const { callHandler } = this.app.bajo
-      const { isSet, generateId } = this.app.lib.aneka
-      for (const prop of model.getProperties({ noVirtual: true })) {
-        if (isSet(prop.default) && (!options.noDefault) && (!isSet(body[prop.name]) || body[prop.name] === prop.default)) {
-          if (isFunction(prop.default)) body[prop.name] = await prop.default.call(model)
-          else if (typeof prop.default !== 'string') body[prop.name] = prop.default
-          else {
-            if (['now'].includes(prop.default) && prop.type === 'datetime') {
-              body[prop.name] = new Date()
-            } else if (['uuid', 'uuidv4'].includes(prop.default) && prop.type === 'string') {
-              body[prop.name] = uuidv4().slice(0, prop.maxLength)
-            } else if (prop.default === 'uuidv7' && prop.type === 'string') {
-              body[prop.name] = uuidv7().slice(0, prop.maxLength)
-            } else if (prop.default === 'ulid' && prop.type === 'string') {
-              body[prop.name] = ulid().slice(0, prop.maxLength)
-            } else if (prop.default === 'generateid' && prop.type === 'string') {
-              body[prop.name] = generateId()
-            } else if (prop.default.startsWith('handler:')) {
-              const [, ...args] = prop.default.split(':')
-              if (args.length > 0) body[prop.name] = await callHandler(args.join(':'))
-            } else if (prop.default.startsWith('md5:') && prop.type === 'string') {
-              const [, field] = prop.default.split(':')
-              const fields = field.split(',')
-              if (model.properties.filter(item => fields.includes(item.name)).length === fields.length) {
-                const values = fields.map(f => body[f])
-                body[prop.name] = crypto.createHash('md5').update(values.join(':')).digest('hex')
-              }
-            } else {
-              body[prop.name] = prop.default
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return pick(body, this.getRealFields(model))
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Prepares the ID for a record before creation. It generates an ID if it is not set in the body.
-     *
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the ID is being prepared
-     * @param {object} body - The data containing the ID
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect ID generation
-     * @returns {Promise<void>} - Resolves when the ID has been prepared
-     */
-    async _prepIdForCreate (model, body = {}, options = {}) {
-      const { isSet, generateId } = this.app.lib.aneka
-      const { isFunction } = this.app.lib._
-      const prop = model.properties.find(p => p.name === 'id')
-      if (!isSet(body.id) && prop.type === 'string') {
-        if (this.idGenerator) {
-          if (['uuid', 'uuidv4'].includes(this.idGenerator)) body.id = uuidv4()
-          else if (['uuidv7'].includes(this.idGenerator)) body.id = uuidv7()
-          else if (this.idGenerator === 'generateId') body.id = generateId()
-          else if (isFunction(this.idGenerator)) body.id = await this.idGenerator(model, body, options)
-        }
-        if (!body.id) body.id = ulid()
-        body.id = body.id.slice(0, prop.maxLength)
-      }
-    }
-
-    _injectMeta (result = {}, options = {}) {
-      result.warnings = result.warnings ?? []
-      result.warnings.push(...(options.warnings ?? []))
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#createRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
-     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model
-     * @param {object} input
-     * @param {object} options
-     * @returns {Promise<object>}
-     */
-    async _createRecord (model, input = {}, options = {}) {
-      const { isSet } = this.app.lib.aneka
-      let body = await this._prepBodyForCreate(model, input, options)
-      await this._prepIdForCreate(model, body, options)
-      if (!options.noUniqueCheck) {
-        if (!this.support.uniqueIndex) await this._checkUnique(model, body, options)
-      }
-      if (!options.noIdCheck && isSet(body.id)) {
-        const resp = await this.getRecord(model, body.id, { noMagic: true })
-        if (!isEmpty(resp.data)) throw this.plugin.error('recordExists%s%s', body.id, model.name)
-      }
-      body = this.sanitizeBody(model, body)
-
-      await this._attachHook('beforeCreateRecord', model, body, options)
-      const result = await this.createRecord(model, body, options)
-      await this._attachHook('afterCreateRecord', model, body, result, options)
-
-      if (options.noResult) return
-      result.data = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data, options)
-      this._injectMeta(result, options)
-      return result
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#bulkCreateRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
-     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model
-     * @param {Array<object>} bodies
-     * @param {object} options
-     * @returns {Promise<void>}
-     */
-    async _bulkCreateRecord (model, bodies = [], options = {}) {
-      const { chunk } = this.app.lib._
-      let { chunkSize = this.maxChunkSize } = options
-      if (chunkSize > this.maxChunkSize) chunkSize = this.maxChunkSize
-      for (const idx in bodies) {
-        const body = await this._prepBodyForCreate(model, bodies[idx], options)
-        await this._prepIdForCreate(model, body, options)
-        bodies[idx] = this.sanitizeBody(model, body)
-      }
-
-      await this._attachHook('beforeBulkCreateRecord', model, bodies, options)
-      const items = chunk(bodies, chunkSize)
-      for (const item of items) {
-        await this.bulkCreateRecord(model, item, options)
-      }
-      await this._attachHook('afterBulkCreateRecord', model, bodies, [], options)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#getRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
-     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model
-     * @param {string|number} id
-     * @param {object} options
-     * @returns {Promise<object>}
-     */
-    async _getRecord (model, id, options = {}) {
-      await this._attachHook('beforeGetRecord', model, id, options)
-      const result = await this.getRecord(model, id, options)
-      await this._attachHook('afterGetRecord', model, id, result, options)
-
-      if (isEmpty(result.data) && options.throwNotFound) throw this.plugin.error('recordNotFound%s%s', id, model.name)
-      result.data = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data, options)
-      this._injectMeta(result, options)
-      return result
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#updateRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
-     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model
-     * @param {string|number} id
-     * @param {object} input
-     * @param {object} options
-     * @returns {Promise<object>}
-     */
-    async _updateRecord (model, id, input = {}, options = {}) {
-      let body = omit(input, this.getVirtualFields(model))
-      if (!options.noUniqueCheck) {
-        if (!this.support.uniqueIndex) await this._checkUnique(model, body, options)
-      }
-      if (!options._data) {
-        const resp = await this.getRecord(model, id, { noMagic: true })
-        if (!resp.data) throw this.plugin.error('recordNotFound%s%s', id, model.name)
-        options._data = resp.data
-      }
-      body = this.sanitizeBody(model, body, true)
-      delete body.id
-
-      await this._attachHook('beforeUpdateRecord', model, id, body, options)
-      const result = await this.updateRecord(model, id, body, options)
-      await this._attachHook('afterUpdateRecord', model, id, body, result, options)
-
-      if (options.noResult) return
-      result.oldData = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.oldData, options)
-      result.data = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data, options)
-      this._injectMeta(result, options)
-      return result
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Upserts a record for the given model.
-     * This method will only run if child adapter does not implement {@link DoboAdapter#upsertRecord}.
-     *
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being upserted
-     * @param {object} input - The input data for the upsert
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record upserting
-     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record upsert
-     */
-    async _upsertRecord (model, input = {}, options = {}) {
-      let body = omit(input, this.getVirtualFields(model))
-      if (!options.noUniqueCheck) {
-        if (!this.support.uniqueIndex) await this._checkUnique(model, body, options)
-      }
-      if (isSet(body.id)) {
-        if (!options._data) {
-          const resp = await this.getRecord(model, body.id, { noMagic: true })
-          if (!resp.data) throw this.plugin.error('recordNotFound%s%s', body.id, model.name)
-          options._data = resp.data
-        }
-      }
-      body = this.sanitizeBody(model, body)
-
-      await this._attachHook('beforeUpsertRecord', model, body, options)
-      const result = await this.upsertRecord(model, body, options)
-      await this._attachHook('afterUpsertRecord', model, body, result, options)
-
-      if (options.noResult) return
-      if (result.oldData) result.oldData = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.oldData, options)
-      result.data = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data, options)
-      this._injectMeta(result, options)
-      return result
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#removeRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
-     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model
-     * @param {string|number} id
-     * @param {object} options
-     * @returns {Promise<object>}
-     */
-    async _removeRecord (model, id, options = {}) {
-      if (!options._data) {
-        const resp = await this.getRecord(model, id, { noMagic: true })
-        if (!resp.data) throw this.plugin.error('recordNotFound%s%s', id, model.name)
-        options._data = resp.data
-      }
-
-      await this._attachHook('beforeRemoveRecord', model, id, options)
-      const result = await this.removeRecord(model, id, options)
-      await this._attachHook('afterRemoveRecord', model, id, result, options)
-
-      if (options.noResult) return
-      result.oldData = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.oldData, options)
-      this._injectMeta(result, options)
-      return result
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#clearRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
-     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model
-     * @param {object} options
-     * @returns {Promise<object>}
-     */
-    async _clearRecord (model, options = {}) {
-      await this._attachHook('beforeClearRecord', model, options)
-      const result = await this.clearRecord(model, options)
-      await this._attachHook('afterClearRecord', model, result, options)
-
-      this._injectMeta(result, options)
-      return result
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#findRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
-     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model
-     * @param {object} filter
-     * @param {object} options
-     * @returns {Promise<object>}
-     */
-    async _findRecord (model, filter = {}, options = {}) {
-      let result
-      try {
-        await this._attachHook('beforeFindRecord', model, filter, options)
-        result = await this.findRecord(model, filter, options)
-        await this._attachHook('afterFindRecord', model, filter, result, options)
-      } catch (err) {
-        if (!['_emptyColumnQuery', '_abortAction'].includes(err.message)) throw err
-        result = {
-          data: [],
-          count: 0
-          // warnings: [] // TODO: should generate warnings?
-        }
-      }
-
-      for (const idx in result.data) {
-        result.data[idx] = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data[idx], options)
-      }
-      this._injectMeta(result, options)
-      return result
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Finds all records for the given model based on the provided filter.
-     * This method will only run if child adapter does not implement {@link DoboAdapter#findAllRecord}.
-     *
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the records are being found
-     * @param {object} filter - The filter criteria for finding records
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record finding
-     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record finding
-     */
-    async _findAllRecord (model, filter = {}, options = {}) {
-      let result
-      try {
-        await this._attachHook('beforeFindAllRecord', model, filter, options)
-        result = await this.findAllRecord(model, filter, options)
-        await this._attachHook('afterFindAllRecord', model, filter, result, options)
-      } catch (err) {
-        if (err.message !== '_emptyColumnQuery') throw err
-        result = {
-          data: [],
-          count: 0
-          // warnings: [] // TODO: should generate warnings?
-        }
-      }
-
-      for (const idx in result.data) {
-        result.data[idx] = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data[idx], options)
-      }
-      this._injectMeta(result, options)
-      return result
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#countRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
-     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model
-     * @param {object} filter
-     * @param {object} options
-     * @returns {Promise<object>}
-     */
-    async _countRecord (model, filter = {}, options = {}) {
-      let result
-      try {
-        await this._attachHook('beforeCountRecord', model, filter, options)
-        result = await this.countRecord(model, filter, options)
-        await this._attachHook('afterCountRecord', model, filter, result, options)
-      } catch (err) {
-        if (err.message !== '_emptyColumnQuery') throw err
-        result = { data: 0 }
-      }
-
-      return result
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#aggregate} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
-     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model
-     * @param {object} filter
-     * @param {object} params
-     * @param {object} options
-     * @returns {Promise<object>}
-     */
-    async _aggregate (model, filter = {}, params = {}, options = {}) {
-      const fieldPropTypes = ['integer', 'smallint', 'float', 'double']
-      const groupPropTypes = ['string', ...fieldPropTypes]
-      this.app.dobo.checkAggregateParams(params)
-      const { group, field } = params
-
-      let prop = model.properties.find(p => p.name === group)
-      if (!prop) throw this.plugin.error('unknown%s%s', this.plugin.t('field.field'), group)
-      if (!groupPropTypes.includes(prop.type)) throw this.plugin.error('allowedPropType%s%s', group, groupPropTypes.join(', '))
-
-      prop = model.properties.find(p => p.name === field)
-      if (!prop) throw this.plugin.error('unknown%s%s', this.plugin.t('field.field'), field)
-      // if (!fieldPropTypes.includes(prop.type)) throw this.plugin.error('allowedPropType%s%s', field, fieldPropTypes.join(', '))
-
-      let result
-      try {
-        await this._attachHook('beforeAggregate', model, filter, params, options)
-        result = await this.aggregate(model, filter, params, options)
-        await this._attachHook('afterAggregate', model, filter, params, result, options)
-      } catch (err) {
-        if (err.message !== '_emptyColumnQuery') throw err
-        result = { data: [] }
-      }
-
-      for (const idx in result.data) {
-        result.data[idx] = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data[idx])
-      }
-      this._injectMeta(result, options)
-      return result
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#histogram} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
-     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
-     * @internal
-     * @async
-     * @method
-     * @param {DoboModel} model
-     * @param {object} filter
-     * @param {object} params
-     * @param {object} options
-     * @returns {Promise<object>}
-     */
-    async _histogram (model, filter = {}, params, options = {}) {
-      // const fieldPropTypes = ['integer', 'smallint', 'float', 'double']
-      const groupPropTypes = ['datetime', 'date']
-      this.app.dobo.checkHistogramParams(params)
-      const { group, field } = params
-
-      let prop = model.properties.find(p => p.name === group)
-      if (!prop) throw this.plugin.error('unknown%s%s', this.plugin.t('field.field'), group)
-      if (!groupPropTypes.includes(prop.type)) throw this.plugin.error('allowedPropType%s%s', group, groupPropTypes.join(', '))
-
-      prop = model.properties.find(p => p.name === field)
-      if (!prop) throw this.plugin.error('unknown%s%s', this.plugin.t('field.field'), field)
-
-      let result
-      try {
-        await this._attachHook('beforeHistogram', model, filter, params, options)
-        result = await this.histogram(model, filter, params, options)
-        await this._attachHook('afterHistogram', model, filter, params, result, options)
-      } catch (err) {
-        if (err.message !== '_emptyColumnQuery') throw err
-        result = { data: [] }
-      }
-
-      for (const idx in result.data) {
-        result.data[idx] = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data[idx])
-      }
-      this._injectMeta(result, options)
-      return result
-    }
-
-    // Public calls that need to be implemented by child adapters
-
-    /**
-     * Connects to the database using the provided connection parameters.
-     * @param {*} connection - The connection parameters for the database
-     * @param {*} noRebuild - Flag indicating whether to skip rebuilding the database schema
-     * @returns {Promise<void>} - Resolves when the connection is established
-     */
-    async connect (connection, noRebuild) {
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the model exists in the database.
-     *
-     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for model existence checking,
-     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
-     *
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance to check for existence
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect the existence check
-     */
-    async modelExists (model, options = {}) {
-      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'modelExists', this.name)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Builds the model in the database.
-     *
-     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for model building,
-     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
-     *
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being built
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect model building
-     */
-    async buildModel (model, options = {}) {
-      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'buildModel', this.name)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Drops the model from the database.
-     *
-     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for dropping a model,
-     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
-     *
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being dropped
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record dropping
-     */
-    async dropModel (model, options = {}) {
-      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'dropModel', this.name)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new record for the given model.
-     *
-     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for record creation,
-     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
-     *
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being created
-     * @param {object} input - The input data for the new record
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record creation
-     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record creation
-     */
-    async createRecord (model, body = {}, options = {}) {
-      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'createRecord', this.name)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Retrieves a record for the given model by its ID.
-     *
-     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for record retrieval,
-     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
-     *
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being retrieved
-     * @param {string|number} id - The ID of the record to retrieve
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record retrieval
-     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record retrieval
-     */
-    async getRecord (model, id, options = {}) {
-      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'getRecord', this.name)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Updates a record for the given model by its ID.
-     *
-     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for record updating,
-     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
-     *
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being updated
-     * @param {string|number} id - The ID of the record to update
-     * @param {object} input - The input data for the update
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record updating
-     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record update
-     */
-    async updateRecord (model, id, body = {}, options = {}) {
-      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'updateRecord', this.name)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Removes a record for the given model by its ID.
-     *
-     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for record removal,
-     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
-     *
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being removed
-     * @param {string|number} id - The ID of the record to remove
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record removal
-     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record removal
-     */
-    async removeRecord (model, id, options = {}) {
-      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'removeRecord', this.name)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Clears all records for the given model.
-     *
-     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for record clearing,
-     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
-     *
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the records are being cleared
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record clearing
-     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record clearing
-     */
-    async clearRecord (model, options = {}) {
-      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'clearRecord', this.name)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Finds records for the given model based on the provided filter.
-     *
-     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for record finding,
-     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
-     *
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the records are being found
-     * @param {object} filter - The filter criteria for finding records
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record finding
-     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record finding
-     */
-    async findRecord (model, filter = {}, options = {}) {
-      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'findRecord', this.name)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Bulk creates records for the given model.
-     *
-     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for bulk record creation,
-     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
-     *
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the records are being created
-     * @param {Array<object>} bodies - The array of input data for the new records
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record creation
-     * @returns {Promise<void>} - Resolves when the records have been created
-     */
-    async bulkCreateRecord (model, bodies = [], options = {}) {
-      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'bulkCreateRecord', this.name)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Counts the records for the given model based on the provided filter.
-     *
-     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for record counting,
-     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
-     *
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the records are being counted
-     * @param {object} filter - The filter criteria for counting records
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record counting
-     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record counting
-     */
-    async countRecord (model, filter = {}, options = {}) {
-      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'countRecord', this.name)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates an aggregate for the given model based on the provided filter and parameters.
-     *
-     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for aggregate creation,
-     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
-     *
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the aggregate is being created
-     * @param {object} filter - The filter criteria for creating the aggregate
-     * @param {object} params - The parameters for the aggregate creation
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect aggregate creation
-     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the aggregate creation
-     */
-    async aggregate (model, filter = {}, params = {}, options = {}) {
-      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'aggregate', this.name)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a histogram for the given model based on the provided filter and parameters.
-     *
-     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for histogram creation,
-     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
-     *
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the histogram is being created
-     * @param {object} filter - The filter criteria for creating the histogram
-     * @param {object} params - The parameters for the histogram creation
-     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect histogram creation
-     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the histogram creation
-     */
-    async histogram (model, filter = {}, params = {}, options = {}) {
-      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'histogram', this.name)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Executes a transaction for the given model.
-     *
-     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for transactions,
-     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
-     *
-     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the transaction is being executed
-     * @param {Function} handler - The transaction handler function
-     * @param  {...any} args - Additional arguments for the transaction handler
-     */
-    async transaction (model, handler, ...args) {
-      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'transaction', this.name)
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Disposes of the adapter, performing any necessary cleanup operations.
-     *
-     * @returns {Promise<void>} - Resolves when the adapter has been disposed
-     */
-    async dispose () {
-      await super.dispose()
-    }
-  }
-
-  class DoboNullAdapter extends DoboAdapter {
-    constructor (plugin, name = 'null', options = {}) {
-      super(plugin, name, options)
-      this.memory = true
-    }
-  }
-
-  this.app.baseClass.DoboAdapter = DoboAdapter
-  this.app.baseClass.DoboNullAdapter = DoboNullAdapter
-}
-
-export default adapterFactory
+import { ulid } from 'ulid'
+import { v4 as uuidv4, v7 as uuidv7 } from 'uuid'
+import crypto from 'crypto'
+
+const defIdField = {
+  name: '_id',
+  type: 'string',
+  maxLength: 50,
+  required: true,
+  index: 'primary'
+}
+
+/**
+ * @external Tools
+ * @see {@link https://ardhi.github.io/bajo/Tools.html|Bajo Tools}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef TIdField
+ * @type {object}
+ * @memberof DoboAdapter
+ * @property {string} [name='_id'] - The name of the ID field.
+ * @property {string} [type='string'] - The data type of the ID field.
+ * @property {number} [maxLength=50] - The maximum length of the ID field.
+ * @property {boolean} [required=true] - Indicates if the ID field is required.
+ * @property {string} [index='primary'] - The index type of the ID field.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef TSupport
+ * @memberof DoboAdapter
+ * @type {object}
+ * @property {object} [propType={}] - An object indicating support for various property types.
+ * @property {boolean} [propType.object=false] - Indicates if object property type is supported.
+ * @property {boolean} [propType.array=false] - Indicates if array property type is supported.
+ * @property {boolean} [propType.datetime=true] - Indicates if datetime property type is supported.
+ * @property {boolean} [search=false] - Indicates if search functionality is supported.
+ * @property {boolean} [uniqueIndex=false] - Indicates if unique index functionality is supported.
+ * @property {boolean} [nullableField=true] - Indicates if nullable fields are supported.
+ * @property {boolean} [transaction=false] - Indicates if transaction functionality is supported.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Adapter factory function.
+ *
+ * @async
+ * @returns {Promise<DoboAdapter>}
+ */
+async function adapterFactory () {
+  const { Tools } = this.app.baseClass
+  const { pick, cloneDeep, has, uniq, without, isEmpty, omit, isFunction, camelCase, last } = this.app.lib._
+  const { isSet } = this.app.lib.aneka
+  const { runHook } = this.app.bajo
+
+  /**
+   * DoboAdapter class serves as a base class for all database adapters in the Dobo framework. It provides common functionality for managing models, records, and database operations.
+   * Child classes should implement the abstract methods to provide specific database functionality.
+   *
+   * @class
+   * @extends external:Tools
+   */
+  class DoboAdapter extends Tools {
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     */
+    constructor (plugin, name, options = {}) {
+      super(plugin)
+
+      /**
+       * Adapter name
+       * @type {string}
+       */
+      this.name = name
+
+      /**
+       * ID field configuration
+       * @type {DoboAdapter.TIdField}
+       */
+      this.idField = cloneDeep(defIdField)
+      this.propertyType = {}
+
+      /**
+       * Support configuration for the adapter
+       * @type {DoboAdapter.TSupport}
+       */
+      this.support = {
+        propType: {
+          object: false,
+          array: false,
+          datetime: true
+        },
+        search: false,
+        uniqueIndex: false,
+        nullableField: true,
+        transaction: false
+      }
+
+      /**
+       * Indicates whether to use UTC for datetime fields
+       * @type {boolean}
+       */
+      this.useUtc = false
+
+      /**
+       * Maximum chunk size for bulk operations
+       * @type {number}
+       */
+      this.maxChunkSize = 500
+
+      /**
+       * Indicates whether the adapter uses in-memory storage
+       * @type {boolean}
+       */
+      this.memory = false
+
+      /**
+       * Adapter options
+       * @type {object}
+       */
+      this.options = options
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sanitize connection object
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {Object} conn - Connection object
+     * @returns {Promise<void>}
+     */
+    async sanitizeConnection (conn) {
+      conn.proto = conn.proto ?? 'http' // used by adapter that use url based connection
+      conn.memory = false
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sanitizes the body of a record before creating or updating it. It ensures that all required fields
+     * are present and have valid values, and converts data types as necessary.
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the body is being sanitized
+     * @param {object} body - The body of the record to be sanitized
+     * @param {boolean} [partial=false] - Indicates whether to perform a partial update
+     * @returns {object} - Sanitized body
+     */
+    sanitizeBody (model, body = {}, partial) {
+      const { keys, pick } = this.app.lib._
+      const item = cloneDeep(body)
+      let newId = false
+      if (has(item, 'id') && this.idField.name !== 'id') {
+        item[this.idField.name] = item.id
+        newId = true
+      }
+      for (const prop of model.getNonVirtualProperties()) {
+        if (item[prop.name] === 'null') item[prop.name] = null
+        if (!isSet(item[prop.name]) && !this.support.nullableField) {
+          switch (prop.type) {
+            case 'datetime': item[prop.name] = new Date(0); break
+            case 'float':
+            case 'double': item[prop.name] = 0; break
+            case 'string':
+            case 'text': item[prop.name] = ''; break
+            case 'object': item[prop.name] = {}; break
+            case 'array': item[prop.name] = []; break
+          }
+        }
+        if (isSet(item[prop.name]) && !this.support.propType[prop.type]) {
+          if (prop.type === 'datetime') item[prop.name] = item[prop.name].toISOString()
+          else if (['object', 'array'].includes(prop.type)) item[prop.name] = JSON.stringify(item[prop.name])
+        }
+      }
+      const result = partial ? pick(item, keys(body)) : item
+      if (newId) delete result.id
+      return result
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sanitizes a record retrieved from the database, converting data types as necessary
+     * and ensuring that the record conforms to the model's schema.
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being sanitized
+     * @param {object} [record={}] - The record retrieved from the database
+     * @param {object} [options={}] - Additional options for sanitization
+     * @returns {object} - Sanitized record
+     */
+    sanitizeRecord (model, record = {}, options = {}) {
+      const { dayjs } = this.app.lib
+      const { isString } = this.app.lib._
+      const item = { ...record }
+      if (has(item, this.idField.name) && this.idField.name !== 'id') {
+        item.id = item[this.idField.name]
+        delete item[this.idField.name]
+      }
+      for (const prop of model.properties) {
+        if (isSet(item[prop.name])) {
+          if (!this.support.propType[prop.type]) {
+            try {
+              if (prop.type === 'datetime') {
+                const dt = this.useUtc ? dayjs.utc(item[prop.name]) : dayjs(item[prop.name])
+                item[prop.name] = dt.toDate()
+              } else if (isString(item[prop.name]) && ['object', 'array'].includes(prop.type)) item[prop.name] = JSON.parse(item[prop.name])
+            } catch (err) {
+              item[prop.name] = null
+            }
+          }
+          if (prop.type === 'datetime' && isString(item[prop.name])) {
+            const dt = this.useUtc ? dayjs.utc(item[prop.name]) : dayjs(item[prop.name])
+            item[prop.name] = dt.toDate()
+          }
+          if (prop.type === 'boolean' && isSet(item[prop.name])) item[prop.name] = Boolean(item[prop.name])
+        }
+      }
+      return item
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility method to get the real fields of a model, excluding virtual fields.
+     * This is useful for operations that require only the actual stored properties of a model.
+     * @param {*} model
+     * @returns {string[]} - Array of real field names
+     */
+    getRealFields (model) {
+      return model.getProperties({ noVirtual: true, namesOnly: true })
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility method to get the virtual fields of a model.
+     * This is useful for operations that need to work with computed or derived properties.
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance
+     * @returns {string[]} - Array of virtual field names
+     */
+    getVirtualFields (model) {
+      return model.getVirtualProperties({ namesOnly: true })
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get returning fields for a model based on the provided options. If the adapter supports returning fields,
+     * it will return the specified fields or all model properties. It ensures that the ID field is always
+     * included in the returned fields.
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which to get the returning fields
+     * @param {object} options - Options that may include the fields to return
+     * @returns {string[]} - Array of field names to be returned
+     */
+    _getReturningFields (model, options = {}) {
+      const { fields = [] } = options
+      if (!this.support.returning) return []
+      let items = fields.length > 0 ? [...fields] : model.properties.map(prop => prop.name)
+      if (!items.includes(this.idField.name)) items.unshift(this.idField.name)
+      if (this.idField.name !== 'id') items = without(items, ['id'])
+      return uniq(items)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attaches hooks to the model for various operations. It runs the appropriate hooks
+     * before and after the specified operation, allowing for custom behavior to be injected
+     * into the model's lifecycle.
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {string} name - The name of the hook
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance to which the hook is being attached
+     * @param  {...any} args - Additional arguments to be passed to the hook
+     */
+    async _attachHook (name, model, ...args) {
+      const { ns } = this.app.dobo
+      const { kebabCase } = this.app.lib._
+      const options = last(args)
+      if (!options.noAdapterHook) {
+        const prefix = kebabCase(name).split('-')[0]
+        await runHook(`${ns}.adapter:${prefix}Any`, model, options)
+        await runHook(`${ns}.adapter:${name}`, model, ...args)
+        await runHook(`${ns}.adapter.${camelCase(model.name)}:${name}`, ...args)
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks the uniqueness of fields with a unique index.
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @internal
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance to check
+     * @param {object} body - The data to be checked for uniqueness
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options, including the action being performed
+     * @returns {Promise<void>} - Resolves if unique, throws an error if not
+     */
+    _checkUnique = async (model, body = {}, options = {}) => {
+      const { isSet } = this.app.lib.aneka
+      const { filter, map, isEmpty, forOwn } = this.app.lib._
+      const indexes = filter(model.indexes ?? [], idx => idx.type === 'unique')
+      for (const index of indexes) {
+        const query = {}
+        for (const field of index.fields) {
+          if (isSet(body[field])) query[field] = body[field]
+        }
+        if (isEmpty(query)) continue
+        const { data } = await model.findOneRecord({ query }, options)
+        if (!isEmpty(data)) {
+          if (['updateRecord', 'upsertRecord'].includes(options.action)) {
+            let eq = true
+            forOwn(query, (v, k) => {
+              if (data[k] !== v) eq = false
+            })
+            if (!eq) continue
+          }
+          const error = this.app.dobo.t('uniqueConstraintError')
+          const details = map(index.fields, field => {
+            return { field, error }
+          })
+          throw this.app.dobo.error(error, { details, body })
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Internal calls that will be called by model
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the `modelExists` method, called internally by `model` to make sure
+     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
+     *
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model
+     * @param {object} options
+     * @returns {Promise<boolean>}
+     */
+    async _modelExists (model, options = {}) {
+      return await this.modelExists(model, options)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the `buildModel` method, called internally by `model` to make sure
+     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model
+     * @param {object} options
+     * @returns {Promise<object>}
+     */
+    async _buildModel (model, options = {}) {
+      return await this.buildModel(model, options)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the `dropModel` method, called internally by `model` to make sure
+     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model
+     * @param {object} options
+     * @returns {Promise<object>}
+     */
+    async _dropModel (model, options = {}) {
+      return await this.dropModel(model, options)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepares the body of a record for creation by populating default values for properties
+     * that are not set. It handles various types of default values, including functions,
+     * special strings (like 'now', 'uuid', etc.), and static values.
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the body is being prepared
+     * @param {object} body - The data to be prepared for creation
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect the preparation
+     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The prepared body with default values populated
+     */
+    async _prepBodyForCreate (model, body = {}, options = {}) {
+      const { callHandler } = this.app.bajo
+      const { isSet, generateId } = this.app.lib.aneka
+      for (const prop of model.getProperties({ noVirtual: true })) {
+        if (isSet(prop.default) && (!options.noDefault) && (!isSet(body[prop.name]) || body[prop.name] === prop.default)) {
+          if (isFunction(prop.default)) body[prop.name] = await prop.default.call(model)
+          else if (typeof prop.default !== 'string') body[prop.name] = prop.default
+          else {
+            if (['now'].includes(prop.default) && prop.type === 'datetime') {
+              body[prop.name] = new Date()
+            } else if (['uuid', 'uuidv4'].includes(prop.default) && prop.type === 'string') {
+              body[prop.name] = uuidv4().slice(0, prop.maxLength)
+            } else if (prop.default === 'uuidv7' && prop.type === 'string') {
+              body[prop.name] = uuidv7().slice(0, prop.maxLength)
+            } else if (prop.default === 'ulid' && prop.type === 'string') {
+              body[prop.name] = ulid().slice(0, prop.maxLength)
+            } else if (prop.default === 'generateid' && prop.type === 'string') {
+              body[prop.name] = generateId()
+            } else if (prop.default.startsWith('handler:')) {
+              const [, ...args] = prop.default.split(':')
+              if (args.length > 0) body[prop.name] = await callHandler(args.join(':'))
+            } else if (prop.default.startsWith('md5:') && prop.type === 'string') {
+              const [, field] = prop.default.split(':')
+              const fields = field.split(',')
+              if (model.properties.filter(item => fields.includes(item.name)).length === fields.length) {
+                const values = fields.map(f => body[f])
+                body[prop.name] = crypto.createHash('md5').update(values.join(':')).digest('hex')
+              }
+            } else {
+              body[prop.name] = prop.default
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return pick(body, this.getRealFields(model))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepares the ID for a record before creation. It generates an ID if it is not set in the body.
+     *
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the ID is being prepared
+     * @param {object} body - The data containing the ID
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect ID generation
+     * @returns {Promise<void>} - Resolves when the ID has been prepared
+     */
+    async _prepIdForCreate (model, body = {}, options = {}) {
+      const { isSet, generateId } = this.app.lib.aneka
+      const { isFunction } = this.app.lib._
+      const prop = model.properties.find(p => p.name === 'id')
+      if (!isSet(body.id) && prop.type === 'string') {
+        if (this.idGenerator) {
+          if (['uuid', 'uuidv4'].includes(this.idGenerator)) body.id = uuidv4()
+          else if (['uuidv7'].includes(this.idGenerator)) body.id = uuidv7()
+          else if (this.idGenerator === 'generateId') body.id = generateId()
+          else if (isFunction(this.idGenerator)) body.id = await this.idGenerator(model, body, options)
+        }
+        if (!body.id) body.id = ulid()
+        body.id = body.id.slice(0, prop.maxLength)
+      }
+    }
+
+    _injectMeta (result = {}, options = {}) {
+      result.warnings = result.warnings ?? []
+      result.warnings.push(...(options.warnings ?? []))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#createRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
+     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model
+     * @param {object} input
+     * @param {object} options
+     * @returns {Promise<object>}
+     */
+    async _createRecord (model, input = {}, options = {}) {
+      const { isSet } = this.app.lib.aneka
+      let body = await this._prepBodyForCreate(model, input, options)
+      await this._prepIdForCreate(model, body, options)
+      if (!options.noUniqueCheck) {
+        if (!this.support.uniqueIndex) await this._checkUnique(model, body, options)
+      }
+      if (!options.noIdCheck && isSet(body.id)) {
+        const resp = await this.getRecord(model, body.id, { noMagic: true })
+        if (!isEmpty(resp.data)) throw this.plugin.error('recordExists%s%s', body.id, model.name)
+      }
+      body = this.sanitizeBody(model, body)
+
+      await this._attachHook('beforeCreateRecord', model, body, options)
+      const result = await this.createRecord(model, body, options)
+      await this._attachHook('afterCreateRecord', model, body, result, options)
+
+      if (options.noResult) return
+      result.data = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data, options)
+      this._injectMeta(result, options)
+      return result
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#bulkCreateRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
+     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model
+     * @param {Array<object>} bodies
+     * @param {object} options
+     * @returns {Promise<void>}
+     */
+    async _bulkCreateRecord (model, bodies = [], options = {}) {
+      const { chunk } = this.app.lib._
+      let { chunkSize = this.maxChunkSize } = options
+      if (chunkSize > this.maxChunkSize) chunkSize = this.maxChunkSize
+      for (const idx in bodies) {
+        const body = await this._prepBodyForCreate(model, bodies[idx], options)
+        await this._prepIdForCreate(model, body, options)
+        bodies[idx] = this.sanitizeBody(model, body)
+      }
+
+      await this._attachHook('beforeBulkCreateRecord', model, bodies, options)
+      const items = chunk(bodies, chunkSize)
+      for (const item of items) {
+        await this.bulkCreateRecord(model, item, options)
+      }
+      await this._attachHook('afterBulkCreateRecord', model, bodies, [], options)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#getRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
+     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model
+     * @param {string|number} id
+     * @param {object} options
+     * @returns {Promise<object>}
+     */
+    async _getRecord (model, id, options = {}) {
+      await this._attachHook('beforeGetRecord', model, id, options)
+      const result = await this.getRecord(model, id, options)
+      await this._attachHook('afterGetRecord', model, id, result, options)
+
+      if (isEmpty(result.data) && options.throwNotFound) throw this.plugin.error('recordNotFound%s%s', id, model.name)
+      result.data = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data, options)
+      this._injectMeta(result, options)
+      return result
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#updateRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
+     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model
+     * @param {string|number} id
+     * @param {object} input
+     * @param {object} options
+     * @returns {Promise<object>}
+     */
+    async _updateRecord (model, id, input = {}, options = {}) {
+      let body = omit(input, this.getVirtualFields(model))
+      if (!options.noUniqueCheck) {
+        if (!this.support.uniqueIndex) await this._checkUnique(model, body, options)
+      }
+      if (!options._data) {
+        const resp = await this.getRecord(model, id, { noMagic: true })
+        if (!resp.data) throw this.plugin.error('recordNotFound%s%s', id, model.name)
+        options._data = resp.data
+      }
+      body = this.sanitizeBody(model, body, true)
+      delete body.id
+
+      await this._attachHook('beforeUpdateRecord', model, id, body, options)
+      const result = await this.updateRecord(model, id, body, options)
+      await this._attachHook('afterUpdateRecord', model, id, body, result, options)
+
+      if (options.noResult) return
+      result.oldData = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.oldData, options)
+      result.data = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data, options)
+      this._injectMeta(result, options)
+      return result
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Upserts a record for the given model.
+     * This method will only run if child adapter does not implement {@link DoboAdapter#upsertRecord}.
+     *
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being upserted
+     * @param {object} input - The input data for the upsert
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record upserting
+     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record upsert
+     */
+    async _upsertRecord (model, input = {}, options = {}) {
+      let body = omit(input, this.getVirtualFields(model))
+      if (!options.noUniqueCheck) {
+        if (!this.support.uniqueIndex) await this._checkUnique(model, body, options)
+      }
+      if (isSet(body.id)) {
+        if (!options._data) {
+          const resp = await this.getRecord(model, body.id, { noMagic: true })
+          if (!resp.data) throw this.plugin.error('recordNotFound%s%s', body.id, model.name)
+          options._data = resp.data
+        }
+      }
+      body = this.sanitizeBody(model, body)
+
+      await this._attachHook('beforeUpsertRecord', model, body, options)
+      const result = await this.upsertRecord(model, body, options)
+      await this._attachHook('afterUpsertRecord', model, body, result, options)
+
+      if (options.noResult) return
+      if (result.oldData) result.oldData = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.oldData, options)
+      result.data = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data, options)
+      this._injectMeta(result, options)
+      return result
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#removeRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
+     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model
+     * @param {string|number} id
+     * @param {object} options
+     * @returns {Promise<object>}
+     */
+    async _removeRecord (model, id, options = {}) {
+      if (!options._data) {
+        const resp = await this.getRecord(model, id, { noMagic: true })
+        if (!resp.data) throw this.plugin.error('recordNotFound%s%s', id, model.name)
+        options._data = resp.data
+      }
+
+      await this._attachHook('beforeRemoveRecord', model, id, options)
+      const result = await this.removeRecord(model, id, options)
+      await this._attachHook('afterRemoveRecord', model, id, result, options)
+
+      if (options.noResult) return
+      result.oldData = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.oldData, options)
+      this._injectMeta(result, options)
+      return result
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#clearRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
+     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model
+     * @param {object} options
+     * @returns {Promise<object>}
+     */
+    async _clearRecord (model, options = {}) {
+      await this._attachHook('beforeClearRecord', model, options)
+      const result = await this.clearRecord(model, options)
+      await this._attachHook('afterClearRecord', model, result, options)
+
+      this._injectMeta(result, options)
+      return result
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#findRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
+     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model
+     * @param {object} filter
+     * @param {object} options
+     * @returns {Promise<object>}
+     */
+    async _findRecord (model, filter = {}, options = {}) {
+      let result
+      try {
+        await this._attachHook('beforeFindRecord', model, filter, options)
+        result = await this.findRecord(model, filter, options)
+        await this._attachHook('afterFindRecord', model, filter, result, options)
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (!['_emptyColumnQuery', '_abortAction'].includes(err.message)) throw err
+        result = {
+          data: [],
+          count: 0
+          // warnings: [] // TODO: should generate warnings?
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (const idx in result.data) {
+        result.data[idx] = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data[idx], options)
+      }
+      this._injectMeta(result, options)
+      return result
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds all records for the given model based on the provided filter.
+     * This method will only run if child adapter does not implement {@link DoboAdapter#findAllRecord}.
+     *
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the records are being found
+     * @param {object} filter - The filter criteria for finding records
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record finding
+     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record finding
+     */
+    async _findAllRecord (model, filter = {}, options = {}) {
+      let result
+      try {
+        await this._attachHook('beforeFindAllRecord', model, filter, options)
+        result = await this.findAllRecord(model, filter, options)
+        await this._attachHook('afterFindAllRecord', model, filter, result, options)
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err.message !== '_emptyColumnQuery') throw err
+        result = {
+          data: [],
+          count: 0
+          // warnings: [] // TODO: should generate warnings?
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (const idx in result.data) {
+        result.data[idx] = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data[idx], options)
+      }
+      this._injectMeta(result, options)
+      return result
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#countRecord} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
+     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model
+     * @param {object} filter
+     * @param {object} options
+     * @returns {Promise<object>}
+     */
+    async _countRecord (model, filter = {}, options = {}) {
+      let result
+      try {
+        await this._attachHook('beforeCountRecord', model, filter, options)
+        result = await this.countRecord(model, filter, options)
+        await this._attachHook('afterCountRecord', model, filter, result, options)
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err.message !== '_emptyColumnQuery') throw err
+        result = { data: 0 }
+      }
+
+      return result
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#aggregate} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
+     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model
+     * @param {object} filter
+     * @param {object} params
+     * @param {object} options
+     * @returns {Promise<object>}
+     */
+    async _aggregate (model, filter = {}, params = {}, options = {}) {
+      const fieldPropTypes = ['integer', 'smallint', 'float', 'double']
+      const groupPropTypes = ['string', ...fieldPropTypes]
+      this.app.dobo.checkAggregateParams(params)
+      const { group, field } = params
+
+      let prop = model.properties.find(p => p.name === group)
+      if (!prop) throw this.plugin.error('unknown%s%s', this.plugin.t('field.field'), group)
+      if (!groupPropTypes.includes(prop.type)) throw this.plugin.error('allowedPropType%s%s', group, groupPropTypes.join(', '))
+
+      prop = model.properties.find(p => p.name === field)
+      if (!prop) throw this.plugin.error('unknown%s%s', this.plugin.t('field.field'), field)
+      // if (!fieldPropTypes.includes(prop.type)) throw this.plugin.error('allowedPropType%s%s', field, fieldPropTypes.join(', '))
+
+      let result
+      try {
+        await this._attachHook('beforeAggregate', model, filter, params, options)
+        result = await this.aggregate(model, filter, params, options)
+        await this._attachHook('afterAggregate', model, filter, params, result, options)
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err.message !== '_emptyColumnQuery') throw err
+        result = { data: [] }
+      }
+
+      for (const idx in result.data) {
+        result.data[idx] = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data[idx])
+      }
+      this._injectMeta(result, options)
+      return result
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the {@link DoboAdapter#histogram} method, called internally by `model` to make sure
+     * all adapter hooks are executed accordingly, and all inputs and outputs are sanitized.
+     * @internal
+     * @async
+     * @method
+     * @param {DoboModel} model
+     * @param {object} filter
+     * @param {object} params
+     * @param {object} options
+     * @returns {Promise<object>}
+     */
+    async _histogram (model, filter = {}, params, options = {}) {
+      // const fieldPropTypes = ['integer', 'smallint', 'float', 'double']
+      const groupPropTypes = ['datetime', 'date']
+      this.app.dobo.checkHistogramParams(params)
+      const { group, field } = params
+
+      let prop = model.properties.find(p => p.name === group)
+      if (!prop) throw this.plugin.error('unknown%s%s', this.plugin.t('field.field'), group)
+      if (!groupPropTypes.includes(prop.type)) throw this.plugin.error('allowedPropType%s%s', group, groupPropTypes.join(', '))
+
+      prop = model.properties.find(p => p.name === field)
+      if (!prop) throw this.plugin.error('unknown%s%s', this.plugin.t('field.field'), field)
+
+      let result
+      try {
+        await this._attachHook('beforeHistogram', model, filter, params, options)
+        result = await this.histogram(model, filter, params, options)
+        await this._attachHook('afterHistogram', model, filter, params, result, options)
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err.message !== '_emptyColumnQuery') throw err
+        result = { data: [] }
+      }
+
+      for (const idx in result.data) {
+        result.data[idx] = this.sanitizeRecord(model, result.data[idx])
+      }
+      this._injectMeta(result, options)
+      return result
+    }
+
+    // Public calls that need to be implemented by child adapters
+
+    /**
+     * Connects to the database using the provided connection parameters.
+     * @param {*} connection - The connection parameters for the database
+     * @param {*} noRebuild - Flag indicating whether to skip rebuilding the database schema
+     * @returns {Promise<void>} - Resolves when the connection is established
+     */
+    async connect (connection, noRebuild) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the model exists in the database.
+     *
+     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for model existence checking,
+     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance to check for existence
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect the existence check
+     */
+    async modelExists (model, options = {}) {
+      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'modelExists', this.name)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builds the model in the database.
+     *
+     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for model building,
+     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being built
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect model building
+     */
+    async buildModel (model, options = {}) {
+      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'buildModel', this.name)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Drops the model from the database.
+     *
+     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for dropping a model,
+     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being dropped
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record dropping
+     */
+    async dropModel (model, options = {}) {
+      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'dropModel', this.name)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new record for the given model.
+     *
+     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for record creation,
+     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being created
+     * @param {object} input - The input data for the new record
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record creation
+     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record creation
+     */
+    async createRecord (model, body = {}, options = {}) {
+      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'createRecord', this.name)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a record for the given model by its ID.
+     *
+     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for record retrieval,
+     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being retrieved
+     * @param {string|number} id - The ID of the record to retrieve
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record retrieval
+     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record retrieval
+     */
+    async getRecord (model, id, options = {}) {
+      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'getRecord', this.name)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates a record for the given model by its ID.
+     *
+     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for record updating,
+     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being updated
+     * @param {string|number} id - The ID of the record to update
+     * @param {object} input - The input data for the update
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record updating
+     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record update
+     */
+    async updateRecord (model, id, body = {}, options = {}) {
+      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'updateRecord', this.name)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a record for the given model by its ID.
+     *
+     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for record removal,
+     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the record is being removed
+     * @param {string|number} id - The ID of the record to remove
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record removal
+     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record removal
+     */
+    async removeRecord (model, id, options = {}) {
+      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'removeRecord', this.name)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears all records for the given model.
+     *
+     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for record clearing,
+     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the records are being cleared
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record clearing
+     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record clearing
+     */
+    async clearRecord (model, options = {}) {
+      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'clearRecord', this.name)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds records for the given model based on the provided filter.
+     *
+     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for record finding,
+     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the records are being found
+     * @param {object} filter - The filter criteria for finding records
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record finding
+     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record finding
+     */
+    async findRecord (model, filter = {}, options = {}) {
+      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'findRecord', this.name)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Bulk creates records for the given model.
+     *
+     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for bulk record creation,
+     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the records are being created
+     * @param {Array<object>} bodies - The array of input data for the new records
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record creation
+     * @returns {Promise<void>} - Resolves when the records have been created
+     */
+    async bulkCreateRecord (model, bodies = [], options = {}) {
+      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'bulkCreateRecord', this.name)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Counts the records for the given model based on the provided filter.
+     *
+     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for record counting,
+     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the records are being counted
+     * @param {object} filter - The filter criteria for counting records
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect record counting
+     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the record counting
+     */
+    async countRecord (model, filter = {}, options = {}) {
+      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'countRecord', this.name)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an aggregate for the given model based on the provided filter and parameters.
+     *
+     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for aggregate creation,
+     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the aggregate is being created
+     * @param {object} filter - The filter criteria for creating the aggregate
+     * @param {object} params - The parameters for the aggregate creation
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect aggregate creation
+     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the aggregate creation
+     */
+    async aggregate (model, filter = {}, params = {}, options = {}) {
+      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'aggregate', this.name)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a histogram for the given model based on the provided filter and parameters.
+     *
+     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for histogram creation,
+     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the histogram is being created
+     * @param {object} filter - The filter criteria for creating the histogram
+     * @param {object} params - The parameters for the histogram creation
+     * @param {object} options - Additional options that may affect histogram creation
+     * @returns {Promise<object>} - The result of the histogram creation
+     */
+    async histogram (model, filter = {}, params = {}, options = {}) {
+      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'histogram', this.name)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes a transaction for the given model.
+     *
+     * Must be implemented by child classes to provide specific database functionality for transactions,
+     * or throw an error if the operation is not supported by the adapter.
+     *
+     * @param {DoboModel} model - The model instance for which the transaction is being executed
+     * @param {Function} handler - The transaction handler function
+     * @param  {...any} args - Additional arguments for the transaction handler
+     */
+    async transaction (model, handler, ...args) {
+      throw this.plugin.error('notSupportedAdapter%s%s%s', this.app.t('method'), 'transaction', this.name)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disposes of the adapter, performing any necessary cleanup operations.
+     *
+     * @returns {Promise<void>} - Resolves when the adapter has been disposed
+     */
+    async dispose () {
+      await super.dispose()
+    }
+  }
+
+  class DoboNullAdapter extends DoboAdapter {
+    constructor (plugin, name = 'null', options = {}) {
+      super(plugin, name, options)
+      this.memory = true
+    }
+  }
+
+  this.app.baseClass.DoboAdapter = DoboAdapter
+  this.app.baseClass.DoboNullAdapter = DoboNullAdapter
+}
+
+export default adapterFactory