directed-graph-typed 2.4.5 → 2.5.1

package/dist/umd/directed-graph-typed.js

@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       if (options) {
         const { toElementFn } = options;
         if (typeof toElementFn === "function") this._toElementFn = toElementFn;
-        else if (toElementFn) throw new TypeError(ERR.notAFunction("toElementFn"));
+        else if (toElementFn) throw new TypeError("toElementFn must be a function type");
       }
     }
     /**
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
         acc = initialValue;
       } else {
         const first = iter.next();
-        if (first.done) throw new TypeError(ERR.reduceEmpty());
+        if (first.done) throw new TypeError("Reduce of empty structure with no initial value");
         acc = first.value;
         index = 1;
       }
@@ -500,6 +500,196 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
     }
   };
 
+  // src/data-structures/base/linear-base.ts
+  var LinearBase = class _LinearBase extends IterableElementBase {
+    /**
+     * Construct a linear container with runtime options.
+     * @param options - `{ maxLen?, ... }` bounds/behavior options.
+     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+     */
+    constructor(options) {
+      super(options);
+      __publicField(this, "_maxLen", -1);
+      if (options) {
+        const { maxLen } = options;
+        if (typeof maxLen === "number" && maxLen > 0 && maxLen % 1 === 0) this._maxLen = maxLen;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Upper bound for length (if positive), or `-1` when unbounded.
+     * @returns Maximum allowed length.
+     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+     */
+    get maxLen() {
+      return this._maxLen;
+    }
+    /**
+     * First index of a value from the left.
+     * @param searchElement - Value to match.
+     * @param fromIndex - Start position (supports negative index).
+     * @returns Index or `-1` if not found.
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
+     */
+    indexOf(searchElement, fromIndex = 0) {
+      if (this.length === 0) return -1;
+      if (fromIndex < 0) fromIndex = this.length + fromIndex;
+      if (fromIndex < 0) fromIndex = 0;
+      for (let i = fromIndex; i < this.length; i++) {
+        const element = this.at(i);
+        if (element === searchElement) return i;
+      }
+      return -1;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Last index of a value from the right.
+     * @param searchElement - Value to match.
+     * @param fromIndex - Start position (supports negative index).
+     * @returns Index or `-1` if not found.
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
+     */
+    lastIndexOf(searchElement, fromIndex = this.length - 1) {
+      if (this.length === 0) return -1;
+      if (fromIndex >= this.length) fromIndex = this.length - 1;
+      if (fromIndex < 0) fromIndex = this.length + fromIndex;
+      for (let i = fromIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
+        const element = this.at(i);
+        if (element === searchElement) return i;
+      }
+      return -1;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Find the first index matching a predicate.
+     * @param predicate - `(element, index, self) => boolean`.
+     * @param thisArg - Optional `this` for callback.
+     * @returns Index or `-1`.
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
+     */
+    findIndex(predicate, thisArg) {
+      for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
+        const item = this.at(i);
+        if (item !== void 0 && predicate.call(thisArg, item, i, this)) return i;
+      }
+      return -1;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Concatenate elements and/or containers.
+     * @param items - Elements or other containers.
+     * @returns New container with combined elements (`this` type).
+     * @remarks Time O(sum(length)), Space O(sum(length))
+     */
+    concat(...items) {
+      const newList = this.clone();
+      for (const item of items) {
+        if (item instanceof _LinearBase) {
+          newList.pushMany(item);
+        } else {
+          newList.push(item);
+        }
+      }
+      return newList;
+    }
+    /**
+     * In-place stable order via array sort semantics.
+     * @param compareFn - Comparator `(a, b) => number`.
+     * @returns This container.
+     * @remarks Time O(n log n), Space O(n) (materializes to array temporarily)
+     */
+    sort(compareFn) {
+      const arr = this.toArray();
+      arr.sort(compareFn);
+      this.clear();
+      for (const item of arr) this.push(item);
+      return this;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Remove and/or insert elements at a position (array-compatible).
+     * @param start - Start index (supports negative index).
+     * @param deleteCount - How many to remove.
+     * @param items - Elements to insert.
+     * @returns Removed elements as a new list (`this` type).
+     * @remarks Time O(n + m), Space O(min(n, m)) where `m = items.length`
+     */
+    splice(start, deleteCount = 0, ...items) {
+      const removedList = this._createInstance();
+      start = start < 0 ? this.length + start : start;
+      start = Math.max(0, Math.min(start, this.length));
+      deleteCount = Math.max(0, Math.min(deleteCount, this.length - start));
+      for (let i = 0; i < deleteCount; i++) {
+        const removed = this.deleteAt(start);
+        if (removed !== void 0) {
+          removedList.push(removed);
+        }
+      }
+      for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+        this.addAt(start + i, items[i]);
+      }
+      return removedList;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Join all elements into a string.
+     * @param separator - Separator string.
+     * @returns Concatenated string.
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(n)
+     */
+    join(separator = ",") {
+      return this.toArray().join(separator);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Snapshot elements into a reversed array.
+     * @returns New reversed array.
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(n)
+     */
+    toReversedArray() {
+      const array = [];
+      for (let i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        array.push(this.at(i));
+      }
+      return array;
+    }
+    reduceRight(callbackfn, initialValue) {
+      let accumulator = initialValue != null ? initialValue : 0;
+      for (let i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        accumulator = callbackfn(accumulator, this.at(i), i, this);
+      }
+      return accumulator;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Create a shallow copy of a subrange.
+     * @param start - Inclusive start (supports negative index).
+     * @param end - Exclusive end (supports negative index).
+     * @returns New list with the range (`this` type).
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(n)
+     */
+    slice(start = 0, end = this.length) {
+      start = start < 0 ? this.length + start : start;
+      end = end < 0 ? this.length + end : end;
+      const newList = this._createInstance();
+      for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
+        newList.push(this.at(i));
+      }
+      return newList;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Fill a range with a value.
+     * @param value - Value to set.
+     * @param start - Inclusive start.
+     * @param end - Exclusive end.
+     * @returns This list.
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
+     */
+    fill(value, start = 0, end = this.length) {
+      start = start < 0 ? this.length + start : start;
+      end = end < 0 ? this.length + end : end;
+      if (start < 0) start = 0;
+      if (end > this.length) end = this.length;
+      if (start >= end) return this;
+      for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
+        this.setAt(i, value);
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+
   // src/data-structures/heap/heap.ts
   var Heap = class _Heap extends IterableElementBase {
     /**
@@ -537,10 +727,51 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return this._elements;
     }
     /**
-     * Get the number of elements.
-     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-     * @returns Heap size.
-     */
+      * Get the number of elements.
+      * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+      * @returns Heap size.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Track heap capacity
+    *  const heap = new Heap<number>();
+    *     console.log(heap.size); // 0;
+    *     heap.add(10);
+    *     heap.add(20);
+    *     console.log(heap.size); // 2;
+    *     heap.poll();
+    *     console.log(heap.size); // 1;
+      */
     get size() {
       return this.elements.length;
     }
@@ -579,21 +810,103 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return new _Heap(elements, options);
     }
     /**
-     * Insert an element.
-     * @remarks Time O(1) amortized, Space O(1)
-     * @param element - Element to insert.
-     * @returns True.
-     */
+      * Insert an element.
+      * @remarks Time O(1) amortized, Space O(1)
+      * @param element - Element to insert.
+      * @returns True.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // basic Heap creation and add operation
+    *  // Create a min heap (default)
+    *     const minHeap = new Heap([5, 3, 7, 1, 9, 2]);
+    *
+    *     // Verify size
+    *     console.log(minHeap.size); // 6;
+    *
+    *     // Add new element
+    *     minHeap.add(4);
+    *     console.log(minHeap.size); // 7;
+    *
+    *     // Min heap property: smallest element at root
+    *     const min = minHeap.peek();
+    *     console.log(min); // 1;
+      */
     add(element) {
       this._elements.push(element);
       return this._bubbleUp(this.elements.length - 1);
     }
     /**
-     * Insert many elements from an iterable.
-     * @remarks Time O(N log N), Space O(1)
-     * @param elements - Iterable of elements or raw values.
-     * @returns Array of per-element success flags.
-     */
+      * Insert many elements from an iterable.
+      * @remarks Time O(N log N), Space O(1)
+      * @param elements - Iterable of elements or raw values.
+      * @returns Array of per-element success flags.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Add multiple elements
+    *  const heap = new Heap<number>([], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+    *     heap.addMany([5, 3, 7, 1]);
+    *     console.log(heap.peek()); // 1;
+    *     console.log(heap.size); // 4;
+      */
     addMany(elements) {
       const flags = [];
       for (const el of elements) {
@@ -608,10 +921,67 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return flags;
     }
     /**
-     * Remove and return the top element.
-     * @remarks Time O(log N), Space O(1)
-     * @returns Top element or undefined.
-     */
+      * Remove and return the top element.
+      * @remarks Time O(log N), Space O(1)
+      * @returns Top element or undefined.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Heap with custom comparator (MaxHeap behavior)
+    *  interface Task {
+    *       id: number;
+    *       priority: number;
+    *       name: string;
+    *     }
+    *
+    *     // Custom comparator for max heap behavior (higher priority first)
+    *     const tasks: Task[] = [
+    *       { id: 1, priority: 5, name: 'Email' },
+    *       { id: 2, priority: 3, name: 'Chat' },
+    *       { id: 3, priority: 8, name: 'Alert' }
+    *     ];
+    *
+    *     const maxHeap = new Heap(tasks, {
+    *       comparator: (a: Task, b: Task) => b.priority - a.priority
+    *     });
+    *
+    *     console.log(maxHeap.size); // 3;
+    *
+    *     // Peek returns highest priority task
+    *     const topTask = maxHeap.peek();
+    *     console.log(topTask?.priority); // 8;
+    *     console.log(topTask?.name); // 'Alert';
+      */
     poll() {
       if (this.elements.length === 0) return;
       const value = this.elements[0];
@@ -623,26 +993,188 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return value;
     }
     /**
-     * Get the current top element without removing it.
-     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-     * @returns Top element or undefined.
-     */
+      * Get the current top element without removing it.
+      * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+      * @returns Top element or undefined.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Heap for event processing with priority
+    *  interface Event {
+    *       id: number;
+    *       type: 'critical' | 'warning' | 'info';
+    *       timestamp: number;
+    *       message: string;
+    *     }
+    *
+    *     // Custom priority: critical > warning > info
+    *     const priorityMap = { critical: 3, warning: 2, info: 1 };
+    *
+    *     const eventHeap = new Heap<Event>([], {
+    *       comparator: (a: Event, b: Event) => {
+    *         const priorityA = priorityMap[a.type];
+    *         const priorityB = priorityMap[b.type];
+    *         return priorityB - priorityA; // Higher priority first
+    *       }
+    *     });
+    *
+    *     // Add events in random order
+    *     eventHeap.add({ id: 1, type: 'info', timestamp: 100, message: 'User logged in' });
+    *     eventHeap.add({ id: 2, type: 'critical', timestamp: 101, message: 'Server down' });
+    *     eventHeap.add({ id: 3, type: 'warning', timestamp: 102, message: 'High memory' });
+    *     eventHeap.add({ id: 4, type: 'info', timestamp: 103, message: 'Cache cleared' });
+    *     eventHeap.add({ id: 5, type: 'critical', timestamp: 104, message: 'Database error' });
+    *
+    *     console.log(eventHeap.size); // 5;
+    *
+    *     // Process events by priority (critical first)
+    *     const processedOrder: Event[] = [];
+    *     while (eventHeap.size > 0) {
+    *       const event = eventHeap.poll();
+    *       if (event) {
+    *         processedOrder.push(event);
+    *       }
+    *     }
+    *
+    *     // Verify critical events came first
+    *     console.log(processedOrder[0].type); // 'critical';
+    *     console.log(processedOrder[1].type); // 'critical';
+    *     console.log(processedOrder[2].type); // 'warning';
+    *     console.log(processedOrder[3].type); // 'info';
+    *     console.log(processedOrder[4].type); // 'info';
+    *
+    *     // Verify O(log n) operations
+    *     const newHeap = new Heap<number>([5, 3, 7, 1]);
+    *
+    *     // Add - O(log n)
+    *     newHeap.add(2);
+    *     console.log(newHeap.size); // 5;
+    *
+    *     // Poll - O(log n)
+    *     const removed = newHeap.poll();
+    *     console.log(removed); // 1;
+    *
+    *     // Peek - O(1)
+    *     const top = newHeap.peek();
+    *     console.log(top); // 2;
+      */
     peek() {
       return this.elements[0];
     }
     /**
-     * Check whether the heap is empty.
-     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-     * @returns True if size is 0.
-     */
+      * Check whether the heap is empty.
+      * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+      * @returns True if size is 0.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Check if heap is empty
+    *  const heap = new Heap<number>([], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+    *     console.log(heap.isEmpty()); // true;
+    *     heap.add(1);
+    *     console.log(heap.isEmpty()); // false;
+      */
     isEmpty() {
       return this.size === 0;
     }
     /**
-     * Remove all elements.
-     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-     * @returns void
-     */
+      * Remove all elements.
+      * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+      * @returns void
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Remove all elements
+    *  const heap = new Heap<number>([1, 2, 3], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+    *     heap.clear();
+    *     console.log(heap.isEmpty()); // true;
+      */
     clear() {
       this._elements = [];
     }
@@ -657,21 +1189,83 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return this.fix();
     }
     /**
-     * Check if an equal element exists in the heap.
-     * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(1)
-     * @param element - Element to search for.
-     * @returns True if found.
-     */
+      * Check if an equal element exists in the heap.
+      * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(1)
+      * @param element - Element to search for.
+      * @returns True if found.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Check element existence
+    *  const heap = new Heap<number>([3, 1, 2], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+    *     console.log(heap.has(1)); // true;
+    *     console.log(heap.has(99)); // false;
+      */
     has(element) {
       for (const el of this.elements) if (this._equals(el, element)) return true;
       return false;
     }
     /**
-     * Delete one occurrence of an element.
-     * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(1)
-     * @param element - Element to delete.
-     * @returns True if an element was removed.
-     */
+      * Delete one occurrence of an element.
+      * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(1)
+      * @param element - Element to delete.
+      * @returns True if an element was removed.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Remove specific element
+    *  const heap = new Heap<number>([3, 1, 4, 1, 5], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+    *     heap.delete(4);
+    *     console.log(heap.toArray().includes(4)); // false;
+      */
     delete(element) {
       let index = -1;
       for (let i = 0; i < this.elements.length; i++) {
@@ -729,11 +1323,39 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return this;
     }
     /**
-     * Traverse the binary heap as a complete binary tree and collect elements.
-     * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(H)
-     * @param [order] - Traversal order: 'PRE' | 'IN' | 'POST'.
-     * @returns Array of visited elements.
-     */
+      * Traverse the binary heap as a complete binary tree and collect elements.
+      * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(H)
+      * @param [order] - Traversal order: 'PRE' | 'IN' | 'POST'.
+      * @returns Array of visited elements.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Depth-first traversal
+    *  const heap = new Heap<number>([3, 1, 2], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+    *     const result = heap.dfs('IN');
+    *     console.log(result.length); // 3;
+      */
     dfs(order = "PRE") {
       const result = [];
       const _dfs = (index) => {
@@ -770,10 +1392,47 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return results;
     }
     /**
-     * Return all elements in ascending order by repeatedly polling.
-     * @remarks Time O(N log N), Space O(N)
-     * @returns Sorted array of elements.
-     */
+      * Return all elements in ascending order by repeatedly polling.
+      * @remarks Time O(N log N), Space O(N)
+      * @returns Sorted array of elements.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Sort elements using heap
+    *  const heap = new Heap<number>([5, 1, 3, 2, 4]);
+    *     const sorted = heap.sort();
+    *     console.log(sorted); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+      */
     sort() {
       const visited = [];
       const cloned = this._createInstance();
@@ -785,22 +1444,94 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return visited;
     }
     /**
-     * Deep clone this heap.
-     * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
-     * @returns A new heap with the same elements.
-     */
+      * Deep clone this heap.
+      * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
+      * @returns A new heap with the same elements.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Create independent copy
+    *  const heap = new Heap<number>([3, 1, 4], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+    *     const copy = heap.clone();
+    *     copy.poll();
+    *     console.log(heap.size); // 3;
+    *     console.log(copy.size); // 2;
+      */
     clone() {
       const next = this._createInstance();
       for (const x of this.elements) next.add(x);
       return next;
     }
     /**
-     * Filter elements into a new heap of the same class.
-     * @remarks Time O(N log N), Space O(N)
-     * @param callback - Predicate (element, index, heap) → boolean to keep element.
-     * @param [thisArg] - Value for `this` inside the callback.
-     * @returns A new heap with the kept elements.
-     */
+      * Filter elements into a new heap of the same class.
+      * @remarks Time O(N log N), Space O(N)
+      * @param callback - Predicate (element, index, heap) → boolean to keep element.
+      * @param [thisArg] - Value for `this` inside the callback.
+      * @returns A new heap with the kept elements.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Filter elements
+    *  const heap = new Heap<number>([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+    *     const evens = heap.filter(x => x % 2 === 0);
+    *     console.log(evens.size); // 2;
+      */
     filter(callback, thisArg) {
       const out = this._createInstance();
       let i = 0;
@@ -814,15 +1545,49 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return out;
     }
     /**
-     * Map elements into a new heap of possibly different element type.
-     * @remarks Time O(N log N), Space O(N)
-     * @template EM
-     * @template RM
-     * @param callback - Mapping function (element, index, heap) → newElement.
-     * @param options - Options for the output heap, including comparator for EM.
-     * @param [thisArg] - Value for `this` inside the callback.
-     * @returns A new heap with mapped elements.
-     */
+      * Map elements into a new heap of possibly different element type.
+      * @remarks Time O(N log N), Space O(N)
+      * @template EM
+      * @template RM
+      * @param callback - Mapping function (element, index, heap) → newElement.
+      * @param options - Options for the output heap, including comparator for EM.
+      * @param [thisArg] - Value for `this` inside the callback.
+      * @returns A new heap with mapped elements.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Transform elements
+    *  const heap = new Heap<number>([1, 2, 3], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+    *     const doubled = heap.map(x => x * 2, { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+    *     console.log(doubled.peek()); // 2;
+      */
     map(callback, options, thisArg) {
       const { comparator, toElementFn, ...rest } = options != null ? options : {};
       if (!comparator) throw new TypeError(ERR.comparatorRequired("Heap.map"));
@@ -926,196 +1691,6 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
     }
   };
 
-  // src/data-structures/base/linear-base.ts
-  var LinearBase = class _LinearBase extends IterableElementBase {
-    /**
-     * Construct a linear container with runtime options.
-     * @param options - `{ maxLen?, ... }` bounds/behavior options.
-     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-     */
-    constructor(options) {
-      super(options);
-      __publicField(this, "_maxLen", -1);
-      if (options) {
-        const { maxLen } = options;
-        if (typeof maxLen === "number" && maxLen > 0 && maxLen % 1 === 0) this._maxLen = maxLen;
-      }
-    }
-    /**
-     * Upper bound for length (if positive), or `-1` when unbounded.
-     * @returns Maximum allowed length.
-     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-     */
-    get maxLen() {
-      return this._maxLen;
-    }
-    /**
-     * First index of a value from the left.
-     * @param searchElement - Value to match.
-     * @param fromIndex - Start position (supports negative index).
-     * @returns Index or `-1` if not found.
-     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
-     */
-    indexOf(searchElement, fromIndex = 0) {
-      if (this.length === 0) return -1;
-      if (fromIndex < 0) fromIndex = this.length + fromIndex;
-      if (fromIndex < 0) fromIndex = 0;
-      for (let i = fromIndex; i < this.length; i++) {
-        const element = this.at(i);
-        if (element === searchElement) return i;
-      }
-      return -1;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Last index of a value from the right.
-     * @param searchElement - Value to match.
-     * @param fromIndex - Start position (supports negative index).
-     * @returns Index or `-1` if not found.
-     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
-     */
-    lastIndexOf(searchElement, fromIndex = this.length - 1) {
-      if (this.length === 0) return -1;
-      if (fromIndex >= this.length) fromIndex = this.length - 1;
-      if (fromIndex < 0) fromIndex = this.length + fromIndex;
-      for (let i = fromIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
-        const element = this.at(i);
-        if (element === searchElement) return i;
-      }
-      return -1;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Find the first index matching a predicate.
-     * @param predicate - `(element, index, self) => boolean`.
-     * @param thisArg - Optional `this` for callback.
-     * @returns Index or `-1`.
-     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
-     */
-    findIndex(predicate, thisArg) {
-      for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
-        const item = this.at(i);
-        if (item !== void 0 && predicate.call(thisArg, item, i, this)) return i;
-      }
-      return -1;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Concatenate elements and/or containers.
-     * @param items - Elements or other containers.
-     * @returns New container with combined elements (`this` type).
-     * @remarks Time O(sum(length)), Space O(sum(length))
-     */
-    concat(...items) {
-      const newList = this.clone();
-      for (const item of items) {
-        if (item instanceof _LinearBase) {
-          newList.pushMany(item);
-        } else {
-          newList.push(item);
-        }
-      }
-      return newList;
-    }
-    /**
-     * In-place stable order via array sort semantics.
-     * @param compareFn - Comparator `(a, b) => number`.
-     * @returns This container.
-     * @remarks Time O(n log n), Space O(n) (materializes to array temporarily)
-     */
-    sort(compareFn) {
-      const arr = this.toArray();
-      arr.sort(compareFn);
-      this.clear();
-      for (const item of arr) this.push(item);
-      return this;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Remove and/or insert elements at a position (array-compatible).
-     * @param start - Start index (supports negative index).
-     * @param deleteCount - How many to remove.
-     * @param items - Elements to insert.
-     * @returns Removed elements as a new list (`this` type).
-     * @remarks Time O(n + m), Space O(min(n, m)) where `m = items.length`
-     */
-    splice(start, deleteCount = 0, ...items) {
-      const removedList = this._createInstance();
-      start = start < 0 ? this.length + start : start;
-      start = Math.max(0, Math.min(start, this.length));
-      deleteCount = Math.max(0, Math.min(deleteCount, this.length - start));
-      for (let i = 0; i < deleteCount; i++) {
-        const removed = this.deleteAt(start);
-        if (removed !== void 0) {
-          removedList.push(removed);
-        }
-      }
-      for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
-        this.addAt(start + i, items[i]);
-      }
-      return removedList;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Join all elements into a string.
-     * @param separator - Separator string.
-     * @returns Concatenated string.
-     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(n)
-     */
-    join(separator = ",") {
-      return this.toArray().join(separator);
-    }
-    /**
-     * Snapshot elements into a reversed array.
-     * @returns New reversed array.
-     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(n)
-     */
-    toReversedArray() {
-      const array = [];
-      for (let i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-        array.push(this.at(i));
-      }
-      return array;
-    }
-    reduceRight(callbackfn, initialValue) {
-      let accumulator = initialValue != null ? initialValue : 0;
-      for (let i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-        accumulator = callbackfn(accumulator, this.at(i), i, this);
-      }
-      return accumulator;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create a shallow copy of a subrange.
-     * @param start - Inclusive start (supports negative index).
-     * @param end - Exclusive end (supports negative index).
-     * @returns New list with the range (`this` type).
-     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(n)
-     */
-    slice(start = 0, end = this.length) {
-      start = start < 0 ? this.length + start : start;
-      end = end < 0 ? this.length + end : end;
-      const newList = this._createInstance();
-      for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
-        newList.push(this.at(i));
-      }
-      return newList;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Fill a range with a value.
-     * @param value - Value to set.
-     * @param start - Inclusive start.
-     * @param end - Exclusive end.
-     * @returns This list.
-     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
-     */
-    fill(value, start = 0, end = this.length) {
-      start = start < 0 ? this.length + start : start;
-      end = end < 0 ? this.length + end : end;
-      if (start < 0) start = 0;
-      if (end > this.length) end = this.length;
-      if (start >= end) return this;
-      for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
-        this.setAt(i, value);
-      }
-      return this;
-    }
-  };
-
   // src/data-structures/queue/queue.ts
   var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
     /**
@@ -1170,18 +1745,94 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       this._autoCompactRatio = value;
     }
     /**
-     * Get the number of elements currently in the queue.
-     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-     * @returns Current length.
-     */
+      * Get the number of elements currently in the queue.
+      * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+      * @returns Current length.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Track queue length
+    *  const q = new Queue<number>();
+    *     console.log(q.length); // 0;
+    *     q.push(1);
+    *     q.push(2);
+    *     console.log(q.length); // 2;
+      */
     get length() {
       return this.elements.length - this._offset;
     }
     /**
-     * Get the first element (front) without removing it.
-     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-     * @returns Front element or undefined.
-     */
+      * Get the first element (front) without removing it.
+      * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+      * @returns Front element or undefined.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // View the front element
+    *  const q = new Queue<string>(['first', 'second', 'third']);
+    *     console.log(q.first); // 'first';
+    *     console.log(q.length); // 3;
+      */
     get first() {
       return this.length > 0 ? this.elements[this._offset] : void 0;
     }
@@ -1204,19 +1855,111 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return new _Queue(elements);
     }
     /**
-     * Check whether the queue is empty.
-     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-     * @returns True if length is 0.
-     */
+      * Check whether the queue is empty.
+      * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+      * @returns True if length is 0.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Queue for...of iteration and isEmpty check
+    *  const queue = new Queue<string>(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']);
+    *
+    *     const elements: string[] = [];
+    *     for (const item of queue) {
+    *       elements.push(item);
+    *     }
+    *
+    *     // Verify all elements are iterated in order
+    *     console.log(elements); // ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'];
+    *
+    *     // Process all elements
+    *     while (queue.length > 0) {
+    *       queue.shift();
+    *     }
+    *
+    *     console.log(queue.length); // 0;
+      */
     isEmpty() {
       return this.length === 0;
     }
     /**
-     * Enqueue one element at the back.
-     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-     * @param element - Element to enqueue.
-     * @returns True on success.
-     */
+      * Enqueue one element at the back.
+      * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+      * @param element - Element to enqueue.
+      * @returns True on success.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // basic Queue creation and push operation
+    *  // Create a simple Queue with initial values
+    *     const queue = new Queue([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+    *
+    *     // Verify the queue maintains insertion order
+    *     console.log([...queue]); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    *
+    *     // Check length
+    *     console.log(queue.length); // 5;
+      */
     push(element) {
       this.elements.push(element);
       if (this._maxLen > 0 && this.length > this._maxLen) this.shift();
@@ -1237,10 +1980,56 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return ans;
     }
     /**
-     * Dequeue one element from the front (amortized via offset).
-     * @remarks Time O(1) amortized, Space O(1)
-     * @returns Removed element or undefined.
-     */
+      * Dequeue one element from the front (amortized via offset).
+      * @remarks Time O(1) amortized, Space O(1)
+      * @returns Removed element or undefined.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Queue shift and peek operations
+    *  const queue = new Queue<number>([10, 20, 30, 40]);
+    *
+    *     // Peek at the front element without removing it
+    *     console.log(queue.first); // 10;
+    *
+    *     // Remove and get the first element (FIFO)
+    *     const first = queue.shift();
+    *     console.log(first); // 10;
+    *
+    *     // Verify remaining elements and length decreased
+    *     console.log([...queue]); // [20, 30, 40];
+    *     console.log(queue.length); // 3;
+      */
     shift() {
       if (this.length === 0) return void 0;
       const first = this.first;
@@ -1249,11 +2038,45 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return first;
     }
     /**
-     * Delete the first occurrence of a specific element.
-     * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(1)
-     * @param element - Element to remove (strict equality via Object.is).
-     * @returns True if an element was removed.
-     */
+      * Delete the first occurrence of a specific element.
+      * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(1)
+      * @param element - Element to remove (strict equality via Object.is).
+      * @returns True if an element was removed.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Remove specific element
+    *  const q = new Queue<number>([1, 2, 3, 2]);
+    *     q.delete(2);
+    *     console.log(q.length); // 3;
+      */
     delete(element) {
       for (let i = this._offset; i < this.elements.length; i++) {
         if (Object.is(this.elements[i], element)) {
@@ -1264,11 +2087,45 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return false;
     }
     /**
-     * Get the element at a given logical index.
-     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-     * @param index - Zero-based index from the front.
-     * @returns Element or undefined.
-     */
+      * Get the element at a given logical index.
+      * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+      * @param index - Zero-based index from the front.
+      * @returns Element or undefined.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Access element by index
+    *  const q = new Queue<string>(['a', 'b', 'c']);
+    *     console.log(q.at(0)); // 'a';
+    *     console.log(q.at(2)); // 'c';
+      */
     at(index) {
       if (index < 0 || index >= this.length) return void 0;
       return this._elements[this._offset + index];
@@ -1320,19 +2177,90 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return this;
     }
     /**
-     * Remove all elements and reset offset.
-     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-     * @returns void
-     */
+      * Remove all elements and reset offset.
+      * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+      * @returns void
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Remove all elements
+    *  const q = new Queue<number>([1, 2, 3]);
+    *     q.clear();
+    *     console.log(q.length); // 0;
+      */
     clear() {
       this._elements = [];
       this._offset = 0;
     }
     /**
-     * Compact storage by discarding consumed head elements.
-     * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
-     * @returns True when compaction performed.
-     */
+      * Compact storage by discarding consumed head elements.
+      * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
+      * @returns True when compaction performed.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Reclaim unused memory
+    *  const q = new Queue<number>([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+    *     q.shift();
+    *     q.shift();
+    *     q.compact();
+    *     console.log(q.length); // 3;
+      */
     compact() {
       this._elements = this.elements.slice(this._offset);
       this._offset = 0;
@@ -1358,10 +2286,47 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return removed;
     }
     /**
-     * Deep clone this queue and its parameters.
-     * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
-     * @returns A new queue with the same content and options.
-     */
+      * Deep clone this queue and its parameters.
+      * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
+      * @returns A new queue with the same content and options.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Create independent copy
+    *  const q = new Queue<number>([1, 2, 3]);
+    *     const copy = q.clone();
+    *     copy.shift();
+    *     console.log(q.length); // 3;
+    *     console.log(copy.length); // 2;
+      */
     clone() {
       const out = this._createInstance({ toElementFn: this.toElementFn, maxLen: this._maxLen });
       out._setAutoCompactRatio(this._autoCompactRatio);
@@ -1369,12 +2334,47 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return out;
     }
     /**
-     * Filter elements into a new queue of the same class.
-     * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
-     * @param predicate - Predicate (element, index, queue) → boolean to keep element.
-     * @param [thisArg] - Value for `this` inside the predicate.
-     * @returns A new queue with kept elements.
-     */
+      * Filter elements into a new queue of the same class.
+      * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
+      * @param predicate - Predicate (element, index, queue) → boolean to keep element.
+      * @param [thisArg] - Value for `this` inside the predicate.
+      * @returns A new queue with kept elements.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Filter elements
+    *  const q = new Queue<number>([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+    *     const evens = q.filter(x => x % 2 === 0);
+    *     console.log(evens.length); // 2;
+      */
     filter(predicate, thisArg) {
       const out = this._createInstance({ toElementFn: this.toElementFn, maxLen: this._maxLen });
       out._setAutoCompactRatio(this._autoCompactRatio);
@@ -1386,15 +2386,49 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return out;
     }
     /**
-     * Map each element to a new element in a possibly different-typed queue.
-     * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
-     * @template EM
-     * @template RM
-     * @param callback - Mapping function (element, index, queue) → newElement.
-     * @param [options] - Options for the output queue (e.g., toElementFn, maxLen, autoCompactRatio).
-     * @param [thisArg] - Value for `this` inside the callback.
-     * @returns A new Queue with mapped elements.
-     */
+      * Map each element to a new element in a possibly different-typed queue.
+      * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
+      * @template EM
+      * @template RM
+      * @param callback - Mapping function (element, index, queue) → newElement.
+      * @param [options] - Options for the output queue (e.g., toElementFn, maxLen, autoCompactRatio).
+      * @param [thisArg] - Value for `this` inside the callback.
+      * @returns A new Queue with mapped elements.
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Transform elements
+    *  const q = new Queue<number>([1, 2, 3]);
+    *     const doubled = q.map(x => x * 2);
+    *     console.log(doubled.toArray()); // [2, 4, 6];
+      */
     map(callback, options, thisArg) {
       var _a, _b;
       const out = new this.constructor([], {
@@ -2482,12 +3516,49 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return new DirectedEdge(src, dest, (_a = weight != null ? weight : this.options.defaultEdgeWeight) != null ? _a : 1, value);
     }
     /**
-     * Get the unique edge from `src` to `dest`, if present.
-     * @param srcOrKey - Source vertex or key.
-     * @param destOrKey - Destination vertex or key.
-     * @returns Edge instance or `undefined`.
-     * @remarks Time O(1) avg, Space O(1)
-     */
+      * Get the unique edge from `src` to `dest`, if present.
+      * @param srcOrKey - Source vertex or key.
+      * @param destOrKey - Destination vertex or key.
+      * @returns Edge instance or `undefined`.
+      * @remarks Time O(1) avg, Space O(1)
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Get edge between vertices
+    *  const g = new DirectedGraph();
+    *     g.addVertex('A');
+    *     g.addVertex('B');
+    *     g.addEdge('A', 'B', 5);
+    *     const edge = g.getEdge('A', 'B');
+    *     console.log(edge?.weight); // 5;
+      */
     getEdge(srcOrKey, destOrKey) {
       let edgeMap = [];
       if (srcOrKey !== void 0 && destOrKey !== void 0) {
@@ -2527,12 +3598,69 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return removed;
     }
     /**
-     * Delete an edge by instance or by `(srcKey, destKey)`.
-     * @param edgeOrSrcVertexKey - Edge instance or source vertex/key.
-     * @param destVertexKey - Optional destination vertex/key when deleting by pair.
-     * @returns Removed edge or `undefined`.
-     * @remarks Time O(1) avg, Space O(1)
-     */
+      * Delete an edge by instance or by `(srcKey, destKey)`.
+      * @param edgeOrSrcVertexKey - Edge instance or source vertex/key.
+      * @param destVertexKey - Optional destination vertex/key when deleting by pair.
+      * @returns Removed edge or `undefined`.
+      * @remarks Time O(1) avg, Space O(1)
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // DirectedGraph deleteEdge and vertex operations
+    *  const graph = new DirectedGraph<string>();
+    *
+    *     // Build a small graph
+    *     graph.addVertex('X');
+    *     graph.addVertex('Y');
+    *     graph.addVertex('Z');
+    *     graph.addEdge('X', 'Y', 1);
+    *     graph.addEdge('Y', 'Z', 2);
+    *
+    *     // Delete an edge
+    *     graph.deleteEdgeSrcToDest('X', 'Y');
+    *     console.log(graph.hasEdge('X', 'Y')); // false;
+    *
+    *     // Edge in other direction should not exist
+    *     console.log(graph.hasEdge('Y', 'X')); // false;
+    *
+    *     // Other edges should remain
+    *     console.log(graph.hasEdge('Y', 'Z')); // true;
+    *
+    *     // Delete a vertex
+    *     graph.deleteVertex('Y');
+    *     console.log(graph.hasVertex('Y')); // false;
+    *     console.log(graph.size); // 2;
+      */
     deleteEdge(edgeOrSrcVertexKey, destVertexKey) {
       let removed = void 0;
       let src, dest;
@@ -2559,6 +3687,47 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       }
       return removed;
     }
+    /**
+      * Remove a vertex
+     
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Remove a vertex
+    *  const g = new DirectedGraph();
+    *     g.addVertex('A');
+    *     g.addVertex('B');
+    *     g.addEdge('A', 'B');
+    *     g.deleteVertex('A');
+    *     console.log(g.hasVertex('A')); // false;
+    *     console.log(g.hasEdge('A', 'B')); // false;
+      */
     deleteVertex(vertexOrKey) {
       let vertexKey;
       let vertex;
@@ -2590,11 +3759,49 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return removed;
     }
     /**
-     * Incoming edges of a vertex.
-     * @param vertexOrKey - Vertex or key.
-     * @returns Array of incoming edges.
-     * @remarks Time O(deg_in), Space O(deg_in)
-     */
+      * Incoming edges of a vertex.
+      * @param vertexOrKey - Vertex or key.
+      * @returns Array of incoming edges.
+      * @remarks Time O(deg_in), Space O(deg_in)
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Get incoming edges
+    *  const g = new DirectedGraph();
+    *     g.addVertex('A');
+    *     g.addVertex('B');
+    *     g.addVertex('C');
+    *     g.addEdge('A', 'C');
+    *     g.addEdge('B', 'C');
+    *     console.log(g.incomingEdgesOf('C').length); // 2;
+      */
     incomingEdgesOf(vertexOrKey) {
       const target = this._getVertex(vertexOrKey);
       if (target) {
@@ -2603,11 +3810,49 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return [];
     }
     /**
-     * Outgoing edges of a vertex.
-     * @param vertexOrKey - Vertex or key.
-     * @returns Array of outgoing edges.
-     * @remarks Time O(deg_out), Space O(deg_out)
-     */
+      * Outgoing edges of a vertex.
+      * @param vertexOrKey - Vertex or key.
+      * @returns Array of outgoing edges.
+      * @remarks Time O(deg_out), Space O(deg_out)
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Get outgoing edges
+    *  const g = new DirectedGraph();
+    *     g.addVertex('A');
+    *     g.addVertex('B');
+    *     g.addVertex('C');
+    *     g.addEdge('A', 'B');
+    *     g.addEdge('A', 'C');
+    *     console.log(g.outgoingEdgesOf('A').length); // 2;
+      */
     outgoingEdgesOf(vertexOrKey) {
       const target = this._getVertex(vertexOrKey);
       if (target) {
@@ -2666,11 +3911,65 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return destinations;
     }
     /**
-     * Topological sort if DAG; returns `undefined` if a cycle exists.
-     * @param propertyName - `'key'` to map to keys; `'vertex'` to keep instances.
-     * @returns Array of keys/vertices, or `undefined` when cycle is found.
-     * @remarks Time O(V + E), Space O(V)
-     */
+      * Topological sort if DAG; returns `undefined` if a cycle exists.
+      * @param propertyName - `'key'` to map to keys; `'vertex'` to keep instances.
+      * @returns Array of keys/vertices, or `undefined` when cycle is found.
+      * @remarks Time O(V + E), Space O(V)
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // DirectedGraph topologicalSort for task scheduling
+    *  const graph = new DirectedGraph<string>();
+    *
+    *     // Build a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) for task dependencies
+    *     graph.addVertex('Design');
+    *     graph.addVertex('Implement');
+    *     graph.addVertex('Test');
+    *     graph.addVertex('Deploy');
+    *
+    *     // Add dependency edges
+    *     graph.addEdge('Design', 'Implement', 1); // Design must come before Implement
+    *     graph.addEdge('Implement', 'Test', 1); // Implement must come before Test
+    *     graph.addEdge('Test', 'Deploy', 1); // Test must come before Deploy
+    *
+    *     // Topological sort gives valid execution order
+    *     const executionOrder = graph.topologicalSort();
+    *     console.log(executionOrder); // defined;
+    *     console.log(executionOrder); // ['Design', 'Implement', 'Test', 'Deploy'];
+    *
+    *     // All vertices should be included
+    *     console.log(executionOrder?.length); // 4;
+      */
     topologicalSort(propertyName) {
       propertyName = propertyName != null ? propertyName : "key";
       const statusMap = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
@@ -2702,6 +4001,45 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       if (propertyName === "key") sorted = sorted.map((vertex) => vertex instanceof DirectedVertex ? vertex.key : vertex);
       return sorted.reverse();
     }
+    /**
+      * Get all edges
+     
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Get all edges
+    *  const g = new DirectedGraph();
+    *     g.addVertex('A');
+    *     g.addVertex('B');
+    *     g.addEdge('A', 'B', 3);
+    *     console.log(g.edgeSet().length); // 1;
+      */
     edgeSet() {
       let edgeMap = [];
       this._outEdgeMap.forEach((outEdges) => {
@@ -2709,6 +4047,49 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       });
       return edgeMap;
     }
+    /**
+      * Get outgoing neighbors
+     
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Get outgoing neighbors
+    *  const g = new DirectedGraph();
+    *     g.addVertex('A');
+    *     g.addVertex('B');
+    *     g.addVertex('C');
+    *     g.addEdge('A', 'B');
+    *     g.addEdge('A', 'C');
+    *     const neighbors = g.getNeighbors('A');
+    *     console.log(neighbors.map(v => v.key).sort()); // ['B', 'C'];
+      */
     getNeighbors(vertexOrKey) {
       const neighbors = [];
       const vertex = this._getVertex(vertexOrKey);
@@ -2766,10 +4147,52 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return super.clone();
     }
     /**
-     * Tarjan's algorithm for strongly connected components.
-     * @returns `{ dfnMap, lowMap, SCCs }`.
-     * @remarks Time O(V + E), Space O(V + E)
-     */
+      * Tarjan's algorithm for strongly connected components.
+      * @returns `{ dfnMap, lowMap, SCCs }`.
+      * @remarks Time O(V + E), Space O(V + E)
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Find strongly connected components
+    *  const g = new DirectedGraph();
+    *     g.addVertex('A');
+    *     g.addVertex('B');
+    *     g.addVertex('C');
+    *     g.addEdge('A', 'B');
+    *     g.addEdge('B', 'C');
+    *     g.addEdge('C', 'A');
+    *     const { SCCs } = g.tarjan();
+    *     // A→B→C→A forms one SCC with 3 members
+    *     const sccArrays = [...SCCs.values()];
+    *     console.log(sccArrays.some(scc => scc.length === 3)); // true;
+      */
     tarjan() {
       const dfnMap = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
       const lowMap = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
@@ -2827,10 +4250,50 @@ var directedGraphTyped = (() => {
       return this.tarjan().lowMap;
     }
     /**
-     * Strongly connected components computed by `tarjan()`.
-     * @returns Map from SCC id to vertices.
-     * @remarks Time O(#SCC + V), Space O(V)
-     */
+      * Strongly connected components computed by `tarjan()`.
+      * @returns Map from SCC id to vertices.
+      * @remarks Time O(#SCC + V), Space O(V)
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+      
+       * @example
+    * // Get strongly connected components
+    *  const g = new DirectedGraph();
+    *     g.addVertex(1);
+    *     g.addVertex(2);
+    *     g.addVertex(3);
+    *     g.addEdge(1, 2);
+    *     g.addEdge(2, 3);
+    *     g.addEdge(3, 1);
+    *     const sccs = g.getSCCs(); // Map<number, VO[]>
+    *     console.log(sccs.size); // >= 1;
+      */
     getSCCs() {
       return this.tarjan().SCCs;
     }