dd-trace 5.95.0 → 5.97.0

package/packages/dd-trace/src/config/index.js

@@ -5,1682 +5,749 @@ const os = require('node:os')
 const { URL } = require('node:url')
 const path = require('node:path')
 
+const rfdc = require('../../../../vendor/dist/rfdc')({ proto: false, circles: false })
 const uuid = require('../../../../vendor/dist/crypto-randomuuid') // we need to keep the old uuid dep because of cypress
-
 const set = require('../../../datadog-core/src/utils/src/set')
 const { DD_MAJOR } = require('../../../../version')
 const log = require('../log')
-const tagger = require('../tagger')
-const { isTrue, isFalse, normalizeProfilingEnabledValue } = require('../util')
+const pkg = require('../pkg')
+const { isTrue } = require('../util')
 const { GIT_REPOSITORY_URL, GIT_COMMIT_SHA } = require('../plugins/util/tags')
-const { updateConfig } = require('../telemetry')
+const telemetry = require('../telemetry')
 const telemetryMetrics = require('../telemetry/metrics')
 const {
   IS_SERVERLESS,
   getIsGCPFunction,
   getIsAzureFunction,
-  enableGCPPubSubPushSubscription,
 } = require('../serverless')
-const { ORIGIN_KEY } = require('../constants')
+const { ORIGIN_KEY, DATADOG_MINI_AGENT_PATH } = require('../constants')
 const { appendRules } = require('../payload-tagging/config')
 const { getGitMetadataFromGitProperties, removeUserSensitiveInfo, getRemoteOriginURL, resolveGitHeadSHA } =
   require('./git_properties')
-const { getEnvironmentVariable: getEnv, getEnvironmentVariables, getStableConfigSources } = require('./helper')
-const defaults = require('./defaults')
-
-const TELEMETRY_COUNTERS = new Map([
-  ['otel.env.hiding', {}],
-  ['otel.env.invalid', {}],
-])
-const OTEL_DD_ENV_MAPPING = new Map([
-  ['OTEL_LOG_LEVEL', 'DD_TRACE_LOG_LEVEL'],
-  ['OTEL_PROPAGATORS', 'DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE'],
-  ['OTEL_SERVICE_NAME', 'DD_SERVICE'],
-  ['OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER', 'DD_TRACE_SAMPLE_RATE'],
-  ['OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG', 'DD_TRACE_SAMPLE_RATE'],
-  ['OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER', 'DD_TRACE_ENABLED'],
-  ['OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER', 'DD_RUNTIME_METRICS_ENABLED'],
-  ['OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES', 'DD_TAGS'],
-  ['OTEL_SDK_DISABLED', 'DD_TRACE_OTEL_ENABLED'],
-  ['OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER', undefined],
-])
-const VALID_PROPAGATION_STYLES = new Set(['datadog', 'tracecontext', 'b3', 'b3 single header', 'none'])
-const VALID_PROPAGATION_BEHAVIOR_EXTRACT = new Set(['continue', 'restart', 'ignore'])
-const VALID_LOG_LEVELS = new Set(['debug', 'info', 'warn', 'error'])
-const DEFAULT_OTLP_PORT = 4318
+const ConfigBase = require('./config-base')
+const {
+  getEnvironmentVariable,
+  getEnvironmentVariables,
+  getStableConfigSources,
+  getValueFromEnvSources,
+} = require('./helper')
+const {
+  defaults,
+  fallbackConfigurations,
+  configurationsTable,
+  optionsTable,
+  configWithOrigin,
+  parseErrors,
+  generateTelemetry,
+} = require('./defaults')
+const { transformers } = require('./parsers')
+
 const RUNTIME_ID = uuid()
-// eslint-disable-next-line eslint-rules/eslint-process-env -- internal propagation, not user config
-const ROOT_SESSION_ID = process.env.DD_ROOT_JS_SESSION_ID || RUNTIME_ID
-const NAMING_VERSIONS = new Set(['v0', 'v1'])
-const DEFAULT_NAMING_VERSION = 'v0'
 
 const tracerMetrics = telemetryMetrics.manager.namespace('tracers')
-const changeTracker = {}
 
+/**
+ * @typedef {'default'
+ * | 'code'
+ * | 'remote_config'
+ * | 'calculated'
+ * | 'env_var'
+ * | 'local_stable_config'
+ * | 'fleet_stable_config'} TelemetrySource
+ * @typedef {'remote_config' | 'calculated'} RevertibleTelemetrySource
+ * @typedef {import('../../../../index').TracerOptions} TracerOptions
+ * @typedef {import('./config-types').ConfigKey} ConfigKey
+ * @typedef {import('./config-types').ConfigPath} ConfigPath
+ * @typedef {{
+ *   value: import('./config-types').ConfigPathValue<ConfigPath>,
+ *   source: TelemetrySource
+ * }} TrackedConfigEntry
+ * @typedef {{
+ *   baseValuesByPath: Partial<Record<ConfigPath, TrackedConfigEntry>>,
+ *   remote_config: Set<ConfigPath>,
+ *   calculated: Set<ConfigPath>,
+ * }} ChangeTracker
+ */
+
+/** @type {Config | null} */
 let configInstance = null
 
+// An entry that is undefined means it is the default value.
+/** @type {Map<ConfigPath, TelemetrySource>} */
+const trackedConfigOrigins = new Map()
+
+// ChangeTracker tracks the changes to the config up to programmatic options (code).
+/** @type {ChangeTracker} */
+const changeTracker = {
+  baseValuesByPath: {},
+  remote_config: new Set(),
+  calculated: new Set(),
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Config} config
+ * @param {RevertibleTelemetrySource} source
+ */
+function undo (config, source) {
+  for (const name of changeTracker[source]) {
+    const entry = changeTracker.baseValuesByPath[name] ?? { source: 'default', value: defaults[name] }
+    setAndTrack(config, name, entry.value, undefined, entry.source)
+  }
+}
+
+function get (object, path) {
+  // Fast path for simple property access.
+  if (object[path] !== undefined) {
+    return object[path]
+  }
+  let index = 0
+  while (true) {
+    const nextIndex = path.indexOf('.', index)
+    if (nextIndex === -1) {
+      return object[path.slice(index)]
+    }
+    object = object[path.slice(index, nextIndex)]
+    index = nextIndex + 1
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param {Config} config
+ * @template {ConfigPath} TPath
+ * @param {TPath} name
+ * @param {import('./config-types').ConfigPathValue<TPath>} value
+ * @param {unknown} [rawValue]
+ * @param {TelemetrySource} [source]
+ */
+function setAndTrack (config, name, value, rawValue = value, source = 'calculated') {
+  // envs can not be undefined
+  if (value == null) {
+    // TODO: This works as before while ignoring undefined programmatic options is not ideal.
+    if (source !== 'default') {
+      return
+    }
+  } else if (source === 'calculated' || source === 'remote_config') {
+    if (source === 'calculated' && value === get(config, name)) {
+      return
+    }
+    changeTracker[source].add(name)
+  } else {
+    const copy = typeof value === 'object' && value !== null ? rfdc(value) : value
+    changeTracker.baseValuesByPath[name] = { value: copy, source }
+  }
+  set(config, name, value)
+
+  generateTelemetry(rawValue, source, name)
+  if (source === 'default') {
+    trackedConfigOrigins.delete(name)
+  } else {
+    trackedConfigOrigins.set(name, source)
+  }
+}
+
 module.exports = getConfig
 
-class Config {
+// We extend from ConfigBase to make our types work
+class Config extends ConfigBase {
   /**
    * parsed DD_TAGS, usable as a standalone tag set across products
    * @type {Record<string, string>}
    */
-  #parsedDdTags = {}
-  #envUnprocessed = {}
-  #optsUnprocessed = {}
-  #remoteUnprocessed = {}
-  #env = {}
-  #options = {}
-  #remote = {}
-  #defaults = {}
-  #optionsArg = {}
-  #localStableConfig = {}
-  #fleetStableConfig = {}
-  #calculated = {}
+  #parsedDdTags
 
+  /**
+   * @type {Record<string, string>}
+   */
+  get parsedDdTags () {
+    return this.#parsedDdTags
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {TracerOptions} [options={}]
+   */
   constructor (options = {}) {
-    if (!IS_SERVERLESS) {
-      const configEnvSources = getStableConfigSources()
-      this.stableConfig = {
-        fleetEntries: configEnvSources.fleetStableConfig,
-        localEntries: configEnvSources.localStableConfig,
-        warnings: configEnvSources.stableConfigWarnings,
-      }
-    }
+    super()
 
-    options = {
-      ...options,
-      // TODO(BridgeAR): Remove the experimental prefix once we have a major version.
-      // That also applies to index.d.ts
-      appsec: options.appsec == null ? options.experimental?.appsec : options.appsec,
-      iast: options.iast == null ? options.experimental?.iast : options.iast,
+    const configEnvSources = getStableConfigSources()
+    this.stableConfig = {
+      fleetEntries: configEnvSources.fleetStableConfig ?? {},
+      localEntries: configEnvSources.localStableConfig ?? {},
+      warnings: configEnvSources.stableConfigWarnings,
     }
 
     // Configure the logger first so it can be used to warn about other configs
-    const logConfig = log.getConfig()
-    this.debug = log.isEnabled(
-      this.stableConfig?.fleetEntries?.DD_TRACE_DEBUG,
-      this.stableConfig?.localEntries?.DD_TRACE_DEBUG
-    )
-    this.logger = options.logger ?? logConfig.logger
-    this.logLevel = log.getLogLevel(
-      options.logLevel,
-      this.stableConfig?.fleetEntries?.DD_TRACE_LOG_LEVEL,
-      this.stableConfig?.localEntries?.DD_TRACE_LOG_LEVEL
-    )
-    log.use(this.logger)
-    log.toggle(this.debug, this.logLevel)
+    // TODO: Implement auto buffering of inside of log module before first
+    // configure call. That way the logger is always available and the
+    // application doesn't need to configure it first and the configuration
+    // happens inside of config instead of inside of log module. If the logger
+    // is not deactivated, the buffered logs would be discarded. That way stable
+    // config warnings can also be logged directly and do not need special
+    // handling.
+    this.debug = log.configure(options)
 
     // Process stable config warnings, if any
     for (const warning of this.stableConfig?.warnings ?? []) {
       log.warn(warning)
     }
 
-    checkIfBothOtelAndDdEnvVarSet()
-
-    if (typeof options.appsec === 'boolean') {
-      options.appsec = {
-        enabled: options.appsec,
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (typeof options.runtimeMetrics === 'boolean') {
-      options.runtimeMetrics = {
-        enabled: options.runtimeMetrics,
-      }
-    }
-
-    this.#defaults = defaults
     this.#applyDefaults()
-    this.#applyStableConfig(this.stableConfig?.localEntries ?? {}, this.#localStableConfig)
-    this.#applyEnvironment()
-    this.#applyStableConfig(this.stableConfig?.fleetEntries ?? {}, this.#fleetStableConfig)
-    this.#applyOptions(options)
+    // TODO: Update origin documentation to list all valid sources. Add local_stable_config and fleet_stable_config.
+    this.#applyEnvs(getEnvironmentVariables(this.stableConfig.localEntries, true), 'local_stable_config')
+    this.#applyEnvs(getEnvironmentVariables(undefined, true), 'env_var')
+    this.#applyEnvs(getEnvironmentVariables(this.stableConfig.fleetEntries, true), 'fleet_stable_config')
+
+    // Experimental options are applied first, so they can be overridden by non-experimental options.
+    // TODO: When using programmatic options, check if there is a higher
+    // priority name in the same options object. Use the highest priority name.
+    const { experimental, ...rest } = options
+    if (experimental) {
+      // @ts-expect-error - Difficult to type this correctly.
+      this.#applyOptions(experimental, 'code', 'experimental')
+    }
+    this.#applyOptions(rest, 'code')
     this.#applyCalculated()
-    this.#merge()
 
-    tagger.add(this.tags, {
-      service: this.service,
-      env: this.env,
-      version: this.version,
-      'runtime-id': RUNTIME_ID,
-    })
+    warnWrongOtelSettings()
+
+    if (this.gitMetadataEnabled) {
+      this.#loadGitMetadata()
+    }
 
-    this.rootSessionId = ROOT_SESSION_ID
+    parseErrors.clear()
+  }
 
-    if (this.isCiVisibility) {
-      tagger.add(this.tags, {
-        [ORIGIN_KEY]: 'ciapp-test',
-      })
+  #applyDefaults () {
+    for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(defaults)) {
+      set(this, name, value)
     }
+  }
 
-    if (this.gitMetadataEnabled) {
-      this.#loadGitMetadata()
+  /**
+   * @param {import('./helper').TracerEnv} envs
+   * @param {'env_var' | 'local_stable_config' | 'fleet_stable_config'} source
+   */
+  #applyEnvs (envs, source) {
+    for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(envs)) {
+      const entry = configurationsTable[name]
+      // TracePropagationStyle is a special case. It is a single option that is used to set both inject and extract.
+      // TODO: Consider what to do with this later
+      if (name === 'DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE') {
+        if (
+          getValueFromEnvSources('DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_INJECT') !== undefined ||
+          getValueFromEnvSources('DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_EXTRACT') !== undefined
+        ) {
+          log.warn(
+            // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/max-len
+            'Use either DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE or separate DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_INJECT and DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_EXTRACT environment variables'
+          )
+          continue
+        }
+        this.#applyEnvs({ DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_INJECT: value, DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_EXTRACT: value }, source)
+        continue
+      }
+      const parsed = entry.parser(value, name, source)
+      const transformed = parsed !== undefined && entry.transformer ? entry.transformer(parsed, name, source) : parsed
+      const rawValue = transformed !== null && typeof transformed === 'object' ? value : parsed
+      setAndTrack(this, entry.property ?? name, transformed, rawValue, source)
     }
   }
 
-  get parsedDdTags () {
-    return this.#parsedDdTags
+  /**
+   * @param {TracerOptions} options
+   * @param {'code' | 'remote_config'} source
+   * @param {string} [root]
+   */
+  #applyOptions (options, source, root = '') {
+    for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(options)) {
+      const fullName = root ? `${root}.${name}` : name
+      let entry = optionsTable[fullName]
+      if (!entry) {
+        // TODO: Fix this by by changing remote config to use env styles.
+        if (name !== 'tracing' || source !== 'remote_config') {
+          log.warn('Unknown option %s with value %o', fullName, value)
+          continue
+        }
+        // @ts-expect-error - The entry is defined in the configurationsTable.
+        entry = configurationsTable.tracing
+      }
+
+      if (entry.nestedProperties) {
+        let matched = false
+        if (typeof value === 'object' && value !== null) {
+          for (const nestedProperty of entry.nestedProperties) {
+            // WARNING: if the property name might be part of the value we look at, this could conflict!
+            // Defining an option that receives an object as value may not contain a property that is also
+            // potentially a nested property!
+            if (Object.hasOwn(value, nestedProperty)) {
+              this.#applyOptions(value, source, fullName)
+              matched = true
+              break
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        if (matched) {
+          continue
+        }
+        if (entry.option) {
+          entry = entry.option
+        } else {
+          if (fullName === 'tracePropagationStyle') {
+            // TracePropagationStyle is special. It is a single option that is used to set both inject and extract.
+            // @ts-expect-error - Difficult to type this correctly.
+            this.#applyOptions({ inject: value, extract: value }, source, 'tracePropagationStyle')
+          } else {
+            log.warn('Unknown option %s with value %o', fullName, value)
+          }
+          continue
+        }
+      }
+      // TODO: Coerce mismatched types to the expected type, if possible. E.g., strings <> numbers
+      const transformed = value !== undefined && entry.transformer ? entry.transformer(value, fullName, source) : value
+      setAndTrack(this, entry.property, transformed, value, source)
+    }
   }
 
   /**
    * Set the configuration with remote config settings.
    * Applies remote configuration, recalculates derived values, and merges all configuration sources.
    *
-   * @param {import('./remote_config').RemoteConfigOptions|null} options - Configurations received via Remote
+   * @param {TracerOptions|null} options - Configurations received via Remote
    *   Config or null to reset all remote configuration
    */
   setRemoteConfig (options) {
     // Clear all RC-managed fields to ensure previous values don't persist.
     // State is instead managed by the `RCClientLibConfigManager` class
-    this.#remote = {}
-    this.#remoteUnprocessed = {}
+    undo(this, 'remote_config')
 
     // Special case: if options is null, nothing to apply
     // This happens when all remote configs are removed
     if (options !== null) {
-      this.#applyRemoteConfig(options)
+      this.#applyOptions(options, 'remote_config')
     }
 
     this.#applyCalculated()
-    this.#merge()
   }
 
-  // TODO: Remove the `updateOptions` method. We don't want to support updating the config this way
   /**
-   * Updates the configuration with new programmatic options.
-   *
-   * @deprecated This method should not be used and will be removed in a future version.
-   * @param {object} options - Configuration options to apply (same format as tracer init options)
+   * @param {ConfigPath} name
    */
-  updateOptions (options) {
-    this.#applyOptions(options)
-    this.#applyCalculated()
-    this.#merge()
-  }
-
   getOrigin (name) {
-    for (const { container, origin } of this.#getSourcesInOrder()) {
-      const value = container[name]
-      if (value != null || container === this.#defaults) {
-        return origin
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  #getSourcesInOrder () {
-    return [
-      { container: this.#remote, origin: 'remote_config', unprocessed: this.#remoteUnprocessed },
-      { container: this.#options, origin: 'code', unprocessed: this.#optsUnprocessed },
-      { container: this.#fleetStableConfig, origin: 'fleet_stable_config' },
-      { container: this.#env, origin: 'env_var', unprocessed: this.#envUnprocessed },
-      { container: this.#localStableConfig, origin: 'local_stable_config' },
-      { container: this.#calculated, origin: 'calculated' },
-      { container: this.#defaults, origin: 'default' },
-    ]
-  }
-
-  #applyStableConfig (config, obj) {
-    this.#applyConfigValues(config, obj, {})
+    return trackedConfigOrigins.get(name) ?? 'default'
   }
 
-  // Set environment-dependent defaults that can be overridden by users
-  #applyDefaults () {
-    const defaults = this.#defaults
-
-    if (IS_SERVERLESS) {
-      setBoolean(defaults, 'crashtracking.enabled', false)
-      setString(defaults, 'profiling.enabled', 'false')
-      setBoolean(defaults, 'telemetry.enabled', false)
-      setBoolean(defaults, 'remoteConfig.enabled', false)
-    } else {
-      setBoolean(defaults, 'crashtracking.enabled', true)
+  // Handles values calculated from a mixture of options and env vars
+  #applyCalculated () {
+    undo(this, 'calculated')
+
+    if (this.DD_CIVISIBILITY_AGENTLESS_URL ||
+        this.url ||
+        os.type() !== 'Windows_NT' &&
+        !trackedConfigOrigins.has('hostname') &&
+        !trackedConfigOrigins.has('port') &&
+        !this.DD_CIVISIBILITY_AGENTLESS_ENABLED &&
+        fs.existsSync('/var/run/datadog/apm.socket')) {
+      setAndTrack(
+        this,
+        'url',
+        new URL(this.DD_CIVISIBILITY_AGENTLESS_URL || this.url || 'unix:///var/run/datadog/apm.socket')
+      )
     }
 
-    if (getEnv('JEST_WORKER_ID')) {
-      setBoolean(defaults, 'telemetry.enabled', false)
+    if (this.isCiVisibility) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'isServiceUserProvided', trackedConfigOrigins.has('service'))
+      this.tags[ORIGIN_KEY] = 'ciapp-test'
     }
-  }
+    // Compute OTLP logs and metrics URLs to send payloads to the active Datadog Agent
+    const agentHostname = this.hostname || /** @type {URL} */ (this.url).hostname
 
-  #applyEnvironment () {
-    this.#applyConfigValues(getEnvironmentVariables(), this.#env, this.#envUnprocessed)
-  }
+    if (!trackedConfigOrigins.has('dogstatsd.hostname')) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'dogstatsd.hostname', agentHostname)
+    }
+    // Disable log injection when OTEL logs are enabled
+    // OTEL logs and DD log injection are mutually exclusive
+    if (this.otelLogsEnabled) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'logInjection', false)
+    }
+    if (this.otelMetricsEnabled &&
+        trackedConfigOrigins.has('OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER') &&
+        this.OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER === 'none') {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'otelMetricsEnabled', false)
+    }
 
-  #applyConfigValues (source, target, unprocessedTarget) {
-    const {
-      AWS_LAMBDA_FUNCTION_NAME,
-      DD_AGENT_HOST,
-      DD_AI_GUARD_ENABLED,
-      DD_AI_GUARD_ENDPOINT,
-      DD_AI_GUARD_MAX_CONTENT_SIZE,
-      DD_AI_GUARD_MAX_MESSAGES_LENGTH,
-      DD_AI_GUARD_TIMEOUT,
-      DD_API_KEY,
-      DD_API_SECURITY_ENABLED,
-      DD_API_SECURITY_SAMPLE_DELAY,
-      DD_API_SECURITY_ENDPOINT_COLLECTION_ENABLED,
-      DD_API_SECURITY_ENDPOINT_COLLECTION_MESSAGE_LIMIT,
-      DD_API_SECURITY_DOWNSTREAM_BODY_ANALYSIS_SAMPLE_RATE,
-      DD_API_SECURITY_MAX_DOWNSTREAM_REQUEST_BODY_ANALYSIS,
-      DD_APM_TRACING_ENABLED,
-      DD_APP_KEY,
-      DD_APPSEC_AUTO_USER_INSTRUMENTATION_MODE,
-      DD_APPSEC_COLLECT_ALL_HEADERS,
-      DD_APPSEC_ENABLED,
-      DD_APPSEC_GRAPHQL_BLOCKED_TEMPLATE_JSON,
-      DD_APPSEC_HEADER_COLLECTION_REDACTION_ENABLED,
-      DD_APPSEC_HTTP_BLOCKED_TEMPLATE_HTML,
-      DD_APPSEC_HTTP_BLOCKED_TEMPLATE_JSON,
-      DD_APPSEC_MAX_COLLECTED_HEADERS,
-      DD_APPSEC_MAX_STACK_TRACES,
-      DD_APPSEC_MAX_STACK_TRACE_DEPTH,
-      DD_APPSEC_OBFUSCATION_PARAMETER_KEY_REGEXP,
-      DD_APPSEC_OBFUSCATION_PARAMETER_VALUE_REGEXP,
-      DD_APPSEC_RULES,
-      DD_APPSEC_SCA_ENABLED,
-      DD_APPSEC_STACK_TRACE_ENABLED,
-      DD_APPSEC_RASP_ENABLED,
-      DD_APPSEC_RASP_COLLECT_REQUEST_BODY,
-      DD_APPSEC_TRACE_RATE_LIMIT,
-      DD_APPSEC_WAF_TIMEOUT,
-      DD_CRASHTRACKING_ENABLED,
-      DD_CODE_ORIGIN_FOR_SPANS_ENABLED,
-      DD_CODE_ORIGIN_FOR_SPANS_EXPERIMENTAL_EXIT_SPANS_ENABLED,
-      DD_DATA_STREAMS_ENABLED,
-      DD_DBM_PROPAGATION_MODE,
-      DD_DBM_INJECT_SQL_BASEHASH,
-      DD_DOGSTATSD_HOST,
-      DD_DOGSTATSD_PORT,
-      DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_CAPTURE_TIMEOUT_MS,
-      DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_ENABLED,
-      DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_PROBE_FILE,
-      DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_REDACTED_IDENTIFIERS,
-      DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_REDACTION_EXCLUDED_IDENTIFIERS,
-      DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_UPLOAD_INTERVAL_SECONDS,
-      DD_ENV,
-      DD_EXPERIMENTAL_APPSEC_STANDALONE_ENABLED,
-      DD_EXPERIMENTAL_PROPAGATE_PROCESS_TAGS_ENABLED,
-      DD_PROFILING_ENABLED,
-      DD_GRPC_CLIENT_ERROR_STATUSES,
-      DD_GRPC_SERVER_ERROR_STATUSES,
-      DD_HEAP_SNAPSHOT_COUNT,
-      DD_HEAP_SNAPSHOT_DESTINATION,
-      DD_HEAP_SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL,
-      DD_IAST_DB_ROWS_TO_TAINT,
-      DD_IAST_DEDUPLICATION_ENABLED,
-      DD_IAST_ENABLED,
-      DD_IAST_MAX_CONCURRENT_REQUESTS,
-      DD_IAST_MAX_CONTEXT_OPERATIONS,
-      DD_IAST_REDACTION_ENABLED,
-      DD_IAST_REDACTION_NAME_PATTERN,
-      DD_IAST_REDACTION_VALUE_PATTERN,
-      DD_IAST_REQUEST_SAMPLING,
-      DD_IAST_SECURITY_CONTROLS_CONFIGURATION,
-      DD_IAST_TELEMETRY_VERBOSITY,
-      DD_IAST_STACK_TRACE_ENABLED,
-      DD_INJECTION_ENABLED,
-      DD_INJECT_FORCE,
-      DD_ENABLE_NX_SERVICE_NAME,
-      DD_INSTRUMENTATION_TELEMETRY_ENABLED,
-      DD_INSTRUMENTATION_CONFIG_ID,
-      DD_LOGS_INJECTION,
-      DD_LOGS_OTEL_ENABLED,
-      DD_METRICS_OTEL_ENABLED,
-      DD_LANGCHAIN_SPAN_CHAR_LIMIT,
-      DD_LANGCHAIN_SPAN_PROMPT_COMPLETION_SAMPLE_RATE,
-      DD_LLMOBS_AGENTLESS_ENABLED,
-      DD_LLMOBS_ENABLED,
-      DD_LLMOBS_ML_APP,
-      DD_OPENAI_LOGS_ENABLED,
-      DD_OPENAI_SPAN_CHAR_LIMIT,
-      DD_PROFILING_EXPORTERS,
-      DD_PROFILING_SOURCE_MAP,
-      DD_INTERNAL_PROFILING_LONG_LIVED_THRESHOLD,
-      DD_INSTRUMENTATION_INSTALL_ID,
-      DD_INSTRUMENTATION_INSTALL_TIME,
-      DD_INSTRUMENTATION_INSTALL_TYPE,
-      DD_REMOTE_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED,
-      DD_REMOTE_CONFIG_POLL_INTERVAL_SECONDS,
-      DD_RUNTIME_METRICS_ENABLED,
-      DD_RUNTIME_METRICS_EVENT_LOOP_ENABLED,
-      DD_RUNTIME_METRICS_GC_ENABLED,
-      DD_SERVICE,
-      DD_SERVICE_MAPPING,
-      DD_SITE,
-      DD_SPAN_SAMPLING_RULES,
-      DD_SPAN_SAMPLING_RULES_FILE,
-      DD_TAGS,
-      DD_TELEMETRY_DEBUG,
-      DD_TELEMETRY_DEPENDENCY_COLLECTION_ENABLED,
-      DD_TELEMETRY_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL,
-      DD_TELEMETRY_LOG_COLLECTION_ENABLED,
-      DD_TELEMETRY_METRICS_ENABLED,
-      DD_TEST_TIA_KEEP_COV_CONFIG,
-      DD_TRACE_128_BIT_TRACEID_GENERATION_ENABLED,
-      DD_TRACE_128_BIT_TRACEID_LOGGING_ENABLED,
-      DD_TRACE_AGENT_PORT,
-      DD_TRACE_AGENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-      DD_TRACE_AWS_ADD_SPAN_POINTERS,
-      DD_TRACE_BAGGAGE_MAX_BYTES,
-      DD_TRACE_BAGGAGE_MAX_ITEMS,
-      DD_TRACE_BAGGAGE_TAG_KEYS,
-      DD_TRACE_CLIENT_IP_ENABLED,
-      DD_TRACE_CLIENT_IP_HEADER,
-      DD_TRACE_CLOUD_REQUEST_PAYLOAD_TAGGING,
-      DD_TRACE_CLOUD_RESPONSE_PAYLOAD_TAGGING,
-      DD_TRACE_CLOUD_PAYLOAD_TAGGING_MAX_DEPTH,
-      DD_TRACE_DYNAMODB_TABLE_PRIMARY_KEYS,
-      DD_TRACE_ENABLED,
-      DD_TRACE_EXPERIMENTAL_EXPORTER,
-      DD_TRACE_EXPERIMENTAL_GET_RUM_DATA_ENABLED,
-      DD_RUNTIME_METRICS_RUNTIME_ID_ENABLED,
-      DD_TRACE_GIT_METADATA_ENABLED,
-      DD_TRACE_GRAPHQL_ERROR_EXTENSIONS,
-      DD_TRACE_HEADER_TAGS,
-      DD_TRACE_LEGACY_BAGGAGE_ENABLED,
-      DD_TRACE_MEMCACHED_COMMAND_ENABLED,
-      DD_TRACE_MIDDLEWARE_TRACING_ENABLED,
-      DD_TRACE_OBFUSCATION_QUERY_STRING_REGEXP,
-      DD_TRACE_PARTIAL_FLUSH_MIN_SPANS,
-      DD_TRACE_FLUSH_INTERVAL,
-      DD_TRACE_PEER_SERVICE_MAPPING,
-      DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_EXTRACT_FIRST,
-      DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_BEHAVIOR_EXTRACT,
-      DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE,
-      DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_INJECT,
-      DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_EXTRACT,
-      DD_TRACE_RATE_LIMIT,
-      DD_TRACE_REMOVE_INTEGRATION_SERVICE_NAMES_ENABLED,
-      DD_TRACE_REPORT_HOSTNAME,
-      DD_TRACE_RESOURCE_RENAMING_ENABLED,
-      DD_TRACE_SAMPLE_RATE,
-      DD_TRACE_SAMPLING_RULES,
-      DD_TRACE_SCOPE,
-      DD_TRACE_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_SCHEMA,
-      DD_TRACE_SPAN_LEAK_DEBUG,
-      DD_TRACE_STARTUP_LOGS,
-      DD_TRACE_TAGS,
-      DD_TRACE_WEBSOCKET_MESSAGES_ENABLED,
-      DD_TRACE_WEBSOCKET_MESSAGES_INHERIT_SAMPLING,
-      DD_TRACE_WEBSOCKET_MESSAGES_SEPARATE_TRACES,
-      DD_TRACE_X_DATADOG_TAGS_MAX_LENGTH,
-      DD_TRACING_ENABLED,
-      DD_VERSION,
-      DD_VERTEXAI_SPAN_PROMPT_COMPLETION_SAMPLE_RATE,
-      DD_VERTEXAI_SPAN_CHAR_LIMIT,
-      DD_TRACE_INFERRED_PROXY_SERVICES_ENABLED,
-      DD_TRACE_NATIVE_SPAN_EVENTS,
-      OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER,
-      OTEL_PROPAGATORS,
-      OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES,
-      OTEL_SERVICE_NAME,
-      OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER,
-      OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG,
-      DD_EXPERIMENTAL_FLAGGING_PROVIDER_ENABLED,
-      DD_EXPERIMENTAL_FLAGGING_PROVIDER_INITIALIZATION_TIMEOUT_MS,
-      OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT,
-      OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_HEADERS,
-      OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_PROTOCOL,
-      OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_TIMEOUT,
-      OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_ENDPOINT,
-      OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_HEADERS,
-      OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_PROTOCOL,
-      OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_TIMEOUT,
-      OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_TEMPORALITY_PREFERENCE,
-      OTEL_METRIC_EXPORT_TIMEOUT,
-      OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_PROTOCOL,
-      OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT,
-      OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS,
-      OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TIMEOUT,
-      OTEL_BSP_SCHEDULE_DELAY,
-      OTEL_BSP_MAX_EXPORT_BATCH_SIZE,
-      OTEL_BSP_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE,
-      OTEL_METRIC_EXPORT_INTERVAL,
-      NX_TASK_TARGET_PROJECT,
-    } = source
-
-    const tags = {}
-
-    tagger.add(tags, parseSpaceSeparatedTags(handleOtel(OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES)))
-    tagger.add(tags, parseSpaceSeparatedTags(DD_TAGS))
-    tagger.add(tags, DD_TRACE_TAGS)
-
-    Object.assign(this.#parsedDdTags, tags)
-
-    setString(target, 'apiKey', DD_API_KEY)
-    setBoolean(target, 'otelLogsEnabled', DD_LOGS_OTEL_ENABLED)
-    // Set OpenTelemetry logs configuration with specific _LOGS_ vars taking precedence over generic _EXPORTERS_ vars
-    if (OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT) {
-      // Only set if there's a custom URL, otherwise let calc phase handle the default
-      setString(target, 'otelUrl', OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT)
+    if (this.telemetry.heartbeatInterval) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'telemetry.heartbeatInterval', Math.floor(this.telemetry.heartbeatInterval * 1000))
     }
-    if (OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT || OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT) {
-      setString(target, 'otelLogsUrl', OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_ENDPOINT || target.otelUrl)
+    if (this.telemetry.extendedHeartbeatInterval) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'telemetry.extendedHeartbeatInterval',
+        Math.floor(this.telemetry.extendedHeartbeatInterval * 1000))
     }
-    setString(target, 'otelHeaders', OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_HEADERS)
-    setString(target, 'otelLogsHeaders', OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_HEADERS || target.otelHeaders)
-    setString(target, 'otelProtocol', OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_PROTOCOL)
-    setString(target, 'otelLogsProtocol', OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_PROTOCOL || target.otelProtocol)
-    const otelTimeout = nonNegInt(OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TIMEOUT, 'OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_TIMEOUT')
-    if (otelTimeout !== undefined) {
-      target.otelTimeout = otelTimeout
+
+    // Enable resourceRenamingEnabled when appsec is enabled and only
+    // if DD_TRACE_RESOURCE_RENAMING_ENABLED is not explicitly set
+    if (!trackedConfigOrigins.has('resourceRenamingEnabled')) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'resourceRenamingEnabled', this.appsec.enabled ?? false)
     }
-    const otelLogsTimeout = nonNegInt(OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_TIMEOUT, 'OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_LOGS_TIMEOUT')
-    target.otelLogsTimeout = otelLogsTimeout === undefined ? target.otelTimeout : otelLogsTimeout
-    const otelBatchTimeout = nonNegInt(OTEL_BSP_SCHEDULE_DELAY, 'OTEL_BSP_SCHEDULE_DELAY', false)
-    if (otelBatchTimeout !== undefined) {
-      target.otelBatchTimeout = otelBatchTimeout
+
+    if (!trackedConfigOrigins.has('spanComputePeerService') && this.spanAttributeSchema !== 'v0') {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'spanComputePeerService', true)
     }
-    target.otelMaxExportBatchSize = nonNegInt(OTEL_BSP_MAX_EXPORT_BATCH_SIZE, 'OTEL_BSP_MAX_EXPORT_BATCH_SIZE', false)
-    target.otelMaxQueueSize = nonNegInt(OTEL_BSP_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE, 'OTEL_BSP_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE', false)
-
-    const otelMetricsExporterEnabled = OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER?.toLowerCase() !== 'none'
-    setBoolean(
-      target,
-      'otelMetricsEnabled',
-      DD_METRICS_OTEL_ENABLED && isTrue(DD_METRICS_OTEL_ENABLED) && otelMetricsExporterEnabled
-    )
-    // Set OpenTelemetry metrics configuration with specific _METRICS_ vars
-    // taking precedence over generic _EXPORTERS_ vars
-    if (OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT || OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_ENDPOINT) {
-      setString(target, 'otelMetricsUrl', OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_ENDPOINT || target.otelUrl)
+
+    if (!this.apmTracingEnabled) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'stats.enabled', false)
+    } else if (!trackedConfigOrigins.has('stats.enabled')) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'stats.enabled', getIsGCPFunction() || getIsAzureFunction())
     }
-    setString(target, 'otelMetricsHeaders', OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_HEADERS || target.otelHeaders)
-    setString(target, 'otelMetricsProtocol', OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_PROTOCOL || target.otelProtocol)
-    const otelMetricsTimeout = nonNegInt(OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_TIMEOUT, 'OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_TIMEOUT')
-    target.otelMetricsTimeout = otelMetricsTimeout === undefined ? target.otelTimeout : otelMetricsTimeout
-    target.otelMetricsExportTimeout = nonNegInt(OTEL_METRIC_EXPORT_TIMEOUT, 'OTEL_METRIC_EXPORT_TIMEOUT')
-    target.otelMetricsExportInterval = nonNegInt(OTEL_METRIC_EXPORT_INTERVAL, 'OTEL_METRIC_EXPORT_INTERVAL', false)
-
-    // Parse temporality preference (default to DELTA for Datadog)
-    if (OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_TEMPORALITY_PREFERENCE) {
-      const temporalityPref = OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_TEMPORALITY_PREFERENCE.toUpperCase()
-      if (['DELTA', 'CUMULATIVE', 'LOWMEMORY'].includes(temporalityPref)) {
-        setString(target, 'otelMetricsTemporalityPreference', temporalityPref)
+
+    // TODO: Remove the experimental env vars as a major or deprecate the option?
+    if (this.experimental?.b3) {
+      if (!this.tracePropagationStyle.inject.includes('b3')) {
+        this.tracePropagationStyle.inject.push('b3')
       }
-    }
-    setBoolean(
-      target,
-      'apmTracingEnabled',
-      DD_APM_TRACING_ENABLED ??
-        (DD_EXPERIMENTAL_APPSEC_STANDALONE_ENABLED && isFalse(DD_EXPERIMENTAL_APPSEC_STANDALONE_ENABLED))
-    )
-    setBoolean(target, 'propagateProcessTags.enabled', DD_EXPERIMENTAL_PROPAGATE_PROCESS_TAGS_ENABLED)
-    setString(target, 'appKey', DD_APP_KEY)
-    setBoolean(target, 'appsec.apiSecurity.enabled', DD_API_SECURITY_ENABLED && isTrue(DD_API_SECURITY_ENABLED))
-    target['appsec.apiSecurity.sampleDelay'] = maybeFloat(DD_API_SECURITY_SAMPLE_DELAY)
-    setBoolean(target, 'appsec.apiSecurity.endpointCollectionEnabled',
-      DD_API_SECURITY_ENDPOINT_COLLECTION_ENABLED)
-    target['appsec.apiSecurity.endpointCollectionMessageLimit'] =
-      maybeInt(DD_API_SECURITY_ENDPOINT_COLLECTION_MESSAGE_LIMIT)
-    target['appsec.blockedTemplateGraphql'] = maybeFile(DD_APPSEC_GRAPHQL_BLOCKED_TEMPLATE_JSON)
-    target['appsec.blockedTemplateHtml'] = maybeFile(DD_APPSEC_HTTP_BLOCKED_TEMPLATE_HTML)
-    unprocessedTarget['appsec.blockedTemplateHtml'] = DD_APPSEC_HTTP_BLOCKED_TEMPLATE_HTML
-    target['appsec.blockedTemplateJson'] = maybeFile(DD_APPSEC_HTTP_BLOCKED_TEMPLATE_JSON)
-    unprocessedTarget['appsec.blockedTemplateJson'] = DD_APPSEC_HTTP_BLOCKED_TEMPLATE_JSON
-    setBoolean(target, 'appsec.enabled', DD_APPSEC_ENABLED)
-    setString(target, 'appsec.eventTracking.mode', DD_APPSEC_AUTO_USER_INSTRUMENTATION_MODE)
-    // TODO appsec.extendedHeadersCollection are deprecated, to delete in a major
-    setBoolean(target, 'appsec.extendedHeadersCollection.enabled', DD_APPSEC_COLLECT_ALL_HEADERS)
-    setBoolean(
-      target,
-      'appsec.extendedHeadersCollection.redaction',
-      DD_APPSEC_HEADER_COLLECTION_REDACTION_ENABLED
-    )
-    target['appsec.extendedHeadersCollection.maxHeaders'] = maybeInt(DD_APPSEC_MAX_COLLECTED_HEADERS)
-    unprocessedTarget['appsec.extendedHeadersCollection.maxHeaders'] = DD_APPSEC_MAX_COLLECTED_HEADERS
-    setString(target, 'appsec.obfuscatorKeyRegex', DD_APPSEC_OBFUSCATION_PARAMETER_KEY_REGEXP)
-    setString(target, 'appsec.obfuscatorValueRegex', DD_APPSEC_OBFUSCATION_PARAMETER_VALUE_REGEXP)
-    setBoolean(target, 'appsec.rasp.enabled', DD_APPSEC_RASP_ENABLED)
-    // TODO Deprecated, to delete in a major
-    setBoolean(target, 'appsec.rasp.bodyCollection', DD_APPSEC_RASP_COLLECT_REQUEST_BODY)
-    target['appsec.rateLimit'] = maybeInt(DD_APPSEC_TRACE_RATE_LIMIT)
-    unprocessedTarget['appsec.rateLimit'] = DD_APPSEC_TRACE_RATE_LIMIT
-    setString(target, 'appsec.rules', DD_APPSEC_RULES)
-    // DD_APPSEC_SCA_ENABLED is never used locally, but only sent to the backend
-    setBoolean(target, 'appsec.sca.enabled', DD_APPSEC_SCA_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'appsec.stackTrace.enabled', DD_APPSEC_STACK_TRACE_ENABLED)
-    target['appsec.stackTrace.maxDepth'] = maybeInt(DD_APPSEC_MAX_STACK_TRACE_DEPTH)
-    unprocessedTarget['appsec.stackTrace.maxDepth'] = DD_APPSEC_MAX_STACK_TRACE_DEPTH
-    target['appsec.stackTrace.maxStackTraces'] = maybeInt(DD_APPSEC_MAX_STACK_TRACES)
-    unprocessedTarget['appsec.stackTrace.maxStackTraces'] = DD_APPSEC_MAX_STACK_TRACES
-    target['appsec.wafTimeout'] = maybeInt(DD_APPSEC_WAF_TIMEOUT)
-    unprocessedTarget['appsec.wafTimeout'] = DD_APPSEC_WAF_TIMEOUT
-    target['appsec.apiSecurity.downstreamBodyAnalysisSampleRate'] =
-      maybeFloat(DD_API_SECURITY_DOWNSTREAM_BODY_ANALYSIS_SAMPLE_RATE)
-    target['appsec.apiSecurity.maxDownstreamRequestBodyAnalysis'] =
-      maybeInt(DD_API_SECURITY_MAX_DOWNSTREAM_REQUEST_BODY_ANALYSIS)
-    target.baggageMaxBytes = DD_TRACE_BAGGAGE_MAX_BYTES
-    target.baggageMaxItems = DD_TRACE_BAGGAGE_MAX_ITEMS
-    setArray(target, 'baggageTagKeys', DD_TRACE_BAGGAGE_TAG_KEYS)
-    setBoolean(target, 'clientIpEnabled', DD_TRACE_CLIENT_IP_ENABLED)
-    setString(target, 'clientIpHeader', DD_TRACE_CLIENT_IP_HEADER?.toLowerCase())
-    if (DD_TRACE_CLOUD_REQUEST_PAYLOAD_TAGGING || DD_TRACE_CLOUD_RESPONSE_PAYLOAD_TAGGING) {
-      if (DD_TRACE_CLOUD_REQUEST_PAYLOAD_TAGGING) {
-        setBoolean(target, 'cloudPayloadTagging.requestsEnabled', true)
+      if (!this.tracePropagationStyle.extract.includes('b3')) {
+        this.tracePropagationStyle.extract.push('b3')
       }
-      if (DD_TRACE_CLOUD_RESPONSE_PAYLOAD_TAGGING) {
-        setBoolean(target, 'cloudPayloadTagging.responsesEnabled', true)
+      if (!this.tracePropagationStyle.inject.includes('b3 single header')) {
+        this.tracePropagationStyle.inject.push('b3 single header')
       }
-      target['cloudPayloadTagging.rules'] = appendRules(
-        splitJSONPathRules(DD_TRACE_CLOUD_REQUEST_PAYLOAD_TAGGING),
-        splitJSONPathRules(DD_TRACE_CLOUD_RESPONSE_PAYLOAD_TAGGING)
-      )
-    }
-    if (DD_TRACE_CLOUD_PAYLOAD_TAGGING_MAX_DEPTH) {
-      target['cloudPayloadTagging.maxDepth'] = maybeInt(DD_TRACE_CLOUD_PAYLOAD_TAGGING_MAX_DEPTH)
-    }
-    setBoolean(target, 'crashtracking.enabled', DD_CRASHTRACKING_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'codeOriginForSpans.enabled', DD_CODE_ORIGIN_FOR_SPANS_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(
-      target,
-      'codeOriginForSpans.experimental.exit_spans.enabled',
-      DD_CODE_ORIGIN_FOR_SPANS_EXPERIMENTAL_EXIT_SPANS_ENABLED
-    )
-    setString(target, 'dbmPropagationMode', DD_DBM_PROPAGATION_MODE)
-    setBoolean(target, 'dbm.injectSqlBaseHash', DD_DBM_INJECT_SQL_BASEHASH)
-    setString(target, 'dogstatsd.hostname', DD_DOGSTATSD_HOST)
-    setString(target, 'dogstatsd.port', DD_DOGSTATSD_PORT)
-    setBoolean(target, 'dsmEnabled', DD_DATA_STREAMS_ENABLED)
-    target['dynamicInstrumentation.captureTimeoutMs'] = maybeInt(DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_CAPTURE_TIMEOUT_MS)
-    unprocessedTarget['dynamicInstrumentation.captureTimeoutMs'] = DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_CAPTURE_TIMEOUT_MS
-    setBoolean(target, 'dynamicInstrumentation.enabled', DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_ENABLED)
-    setString(target, 'dynamicInstrumentation.probeFile', DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_PROBE_FILE)
-    setArray(target, 'dynamicInstrumentation.redactedIdentifiers',
-      DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_REDACTED_IDENTIFIERS)
-    setArray(
-      target,
-      'dynamicInstrumentation.redactionExcludedIdentifiers',
-      DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_REDACTION_EXCLUDED_IDENTIFIERS
-    )
-    target['dynamicInstrumentation.uploadIntervalSeconds'] =
-      maybeFloat(DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_UPLOAD_INTERVAL_SECONDS)
-    unprocessedTarget['dynamicInstrumentation.uploadInterval'] = DD_DYNAMIC_INSTRUMENTATION_UPLOAD_INTERVAL_SECONDS
-    setString(target, 'env', DD_ENV || tags.env)
-    setBoolean(
-      target,
-      'experimental.flaggingProvider.enabled',
-      DD_EXPERIMENTAL_FLAGGING_PROVIDER_ENABLED
-    )
-    if (DD_EXPERIMENTAL_FLAGGING_PROVIDER_INITIALIZATION_TIMEOUT_MS != null) {
-      target['experimental.flaggingProvider.initializationTimeoutMs'] =
-        maybeInt(DD_EXPERIMENTAL_FLAGGING_PROVIDER_INITIALIZATION_TIMEOUT_MS)
+      if (!this.tracePropagationStyle.extract.includes('b3 single header')) {
+        this.tracePropagationStyle.extract.push('b3 single header')
+      }
+      setAndTrack(this, 'tracePropagationStyle.inject', this.tracePropagationStyle.inject)
+      setAndTrack(this, 'tracePropagationStyle.extract', this.tracePropagationStyle.extract)
     }
-    setBoolean(target, 'traceEnabled', DD_TRACE_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'experimental.aiguard.enabled', DD_AI_GUARD_ENABLED)
-    setString(target, 'experimental.aiguard.endpoint', DD_AI_GUARD_ENDPOINT)
-    target['experimental.aiguard.maxContentSize'] = maybeInt(DD_AI_GUARD_MAX_CONTENT_SIZE)
-    unprocessedTarget['experimental.aiguard.maxContentSize'] = DD_AI_GUARD_MAX_CONTENT_SIZE
-    target['experimental.aiguard.maxMessagesLength'] = maybeInt(DD_AI_GUARD_MAX_MESSAGES_LENGTH)
-    unprocessedTarget['experimental.aiguard.maxMessagesLength'] = DD_AI_GUARD_MAX_MESSAGES_LENGTH
-    target['experimental.aiguard.timeout'] = maybeInt(DD_AI_GUARD_TIMEOUT)
-    unprocessedTarget['experimental.aiguard.timeout'] = DD_AI_GUARD_TIMEOUT
-    setBoolean(target, 'experimental.enableGetRumData', DD_TRACE_EXPERIMENTAL_GET_RUM_DATA_ENABLED)
-    setString(target, 'experimental.exporter', DD_TRACE_EXPERIMENTAL_EXPORTER)
-    if (AWS_LAMBDA_FUNCTION_NAME) {
-      target.flushInterval = 0
-    } else if (DD_TRACE_FLUSH_INTERVAL) {
-      target.flushInterval = maybeInt(DD_TRACE_FLUSH_INTERVAL)
+
+    if (getEnvironmentVariable('AWS_LAMBDA_FUNCTION_NAME') && !fs.existsSync(DATADOG_MINI_AGENT_PATH)) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'flushInterval', 0)
     }
-    target.flushMinSpans = maybeInt(DD_TRACE_PARTIAL_FLUSH_MIN_SPANS)
-    unprocessedTarget.flushMinSpans = DD_TRACE_PARTIAL_FLUSH_MIN_SPANS
-    setBoolean(target, 'gitMetadataEnabled', DD_TRACE_GIT_METADATA_ENABLED)
-    setIntegerRangeSet(target, 'grpc.client.error.statuses', DD_GRPC_CLIENT_ERROR_STATUSES)
-    setIntegerRangeSet(target, 'grpc.server.error.statuses', DD_GRPC_SERVER_ERROR_STATUSES)
-    setArray(target, 'headerTags', DD_TRACE_HEADER_TAGS)
-    target['heapSnapshot.count'] = maybeInt(DD_HEAP_SNAPSHOT_COUNT)
-    setString(target, 'heapSnapshot.destination', DD_HEAP_SNAPSHOT_DESTINATION)
-    target['heapSnapshot.interval'] = maybeInt(DD_HEAP_SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL)
-    setString(target, 'hostname', DD_AGENT_HOST)
-    target['iast.dbRowsToTaint'] = maybeInt(DD_IAST_DB_ROWS_TO_TAINT)
-    setBoolean(target, 'iast.deduplicationEnabled', DD_IAST_DEDUPLICATION_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'iast.enabled', DD_IAST_ENABLED)
-    target['iast.maxConcurrentRequests'] = maybeInt(DD_IAST_MAX_CONCURRENT_REQUESTS)
-    unprocessedTarget['iast.maxConcurrentRequests'] = DD_IAST_MAX_CONCURRENT_REQUESTS
-    target['iast.maxContextOperations'] = maybeInt(DD_IAST_MAX_CONTEXT_OPERATIONS)
-    unprocessedTarget['iast.maxContextOperations'] = DD_IAST_MAX_CONTEXT_OPERATIONS
-    setBoolean(target, 'iast.redactionEnabled', DD_IAST_REDACTION_ENABLED && !isFalse(DD_IAST_REDACTION_ENABLED))
-    setString(target, 'iast.redactionNamePattern', DD_IAST_REDACTION_NAME_PATTERN)
-    setString(target, 'iast.redactionValuePattern', DD_IAST_REDACTION_VALUE_PATTERN)
-    const iastRequestSampling = maybeInt(DD_IAST_REQUEST_SAMPLING)
-    if (iastRequestSampling !== undefined && iastRequestSampling > -1 && iastRequestSampling < 101) {
-      target['iast.requestSampling'] = iastRequestSampling
+
+    if (!trackedConfigOrigins.has('apmTracingEnabled') &&
+        trackedConfigOrigins.has('experimental.appsec.standalone.enabled')) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'apmTracingEnabled', !this.experimental.appsec.standalone.enabled)
     }
-    unprocessedTarget['iast.requestSampling'] = DD_IAST_REQUEST_SAMPLING
-    setString(target, 'iast.securityControlsConfiguration', DD_IAST_SECURITY_CONTROLS_CONFIGURATION)
-    setString(target, 'iast.telemetryVerbosity', DD_IAST_TELEMETRY_VERBOSITY)
-    setBoolean(target, 'iast.stackTrace.enabled', DD_IAST_STACK_TRACE_ENABLED)
-    setString(target, 'installSignature.id', DD_INSTRUMENTATION_INSTALL_ID)
-    setString(target, 'installSignature.time', DD_INSTRUMENTATION_INSTALL_TIME)
-    setString(target, 'installSignature.type', DD_INSTRUMENTATION_INSTALL_TYPE)
-    // TODO: Why is DD_INJECTION_ENABLED a comma separated list?
-    setArray(target, 'injectionEnabled', DD_INJECTION_ENABLED)
-    if (DD_INJECTION_ENABLED !== undefined) {
-      setString(target, 'instrumentationSource', DD_INJECTION_ENABLED ? 'ssi' : 'manual')
+
+    if (this.cloudPayloadTagging?.request || this.cloudPayloadTagging?.response) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'cloudPayloadTagging.rules', appendRules(
+        this.cloudPayloadTagging.request,
+        this.cloudPayloadTagging.response
+      ))
     }
-    setBoolean(target, 'injectForce', DD_INJECT_FORCE)
-    setBoolean(target, 'isAzureFunction', getIsAzureFunction())
-    setBoolean(target, 'isGCPFunction', getIsGCPFunction())
-    setBoolean(target, 'gcpPubSubPushSubscriptionEnabled', enableGCPPubSubPushSubscription())
-    target['langchain.spanCharLimit'] = maybeInt(DD_LANGCHAIN_SPAN_CHAR_LIMIT)
-    target['langchain.spanPromptCompletionSampleRate'] = maybeFloat(DD_LANGCHAIN_SPAN_PROMPT_COMPLETION_SAMPLE_RATE)
-    setBoolean(target, 'legacyBaggageEnabled', DD_TRACE_LEGACY_BAGGAGE_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'llmobs.agentlessEnabled', DD_LLMOBS_AGENTLESS_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'llmobs.enabled', DD_LLMOBS_ENABLED)
-    setString(target, 'llmobs.mlApp', DD_LLMOBS_ML_APP)
-    setBoolean(target, 'logInjection', DD_LOGS_INJECTION)
-    // Requires an accompanying DD_APM_OBFUSCATION_MEMCACHED_KEEP_COMMAND=true in the agent
-    setBoolean(target, 'memcachedCommandEnabled', DD_TRACE_MEMCACHED_COMMAND_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'middlewareTracingEnabled', DD_TRACE_MIDDLEWARE_TRACING_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'openAiLogsEnabled', DD_OPENAI_LOGS_ENABLED)
-    target['openai.spanCharLimit'] = maybeInt(DD_OPENAI_SPAN_CHAR_LIMIT)
-    unprocessedTarget.openaiSpanCharLimit = DD_OPENAI_SPAN_CHAR_LIMIT
-    if (DD_TRACE_PEER_SERVICE_MAPPING) {
-      target.peerServiceMapping = Object.fromEntries(
-        DD_TRACE_PEER_SERVICE_MAPPING.split(',').map(x => x.trim().split(':'))
-      )
-      unprocessedTarget.peerServiceMapping = DD_TRACE_PEER_SERVICE_MAPPING
+
+    if (this.injectionEnabled) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'instrumentationSource', 'ssi')
     }
-    setString(target, 'port', DD_TRACE_AGENT_PORT)
-    const profilingEnabled = normalizeProfilingEnabledValue(DD_PROFILING_ENABLED)
-    setString(target, 'profiling.enabled', profilingEnabled)
-    setString(target, 'profiling.exporters', DD_PROFILING_EXPORTERS)
-    setBoolean(target, 'profiling.sourceMap', DD_PROFILING_SOURCE_MAP && !isFalse(DD_PROFILING_SOURCE_MAP))
-    if (DD_INTERNAL_PROFILING_LONG_LIVED_THRESHOLD) {
-      // This is only used in testing to not have to wait 30s
-      target['profiling.longLivedThreshold'] = Number(DD_INTERNAL_PROFILING_LONG_LIVED_THRESHOLD)
+
+    if (!trackedConfigOrigins.has('runtimeMetrics.enabled') && this.OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER === 'none') {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'runtimeMetrics.enabled', false)
     }
 
-    setString(target, 'protocolVersion', DD_TRACE_AGENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION)
-    setString(target, 'queryStringObfuscation', DD_TRACE_OBFUSCATION_QUERY_STRING_REGEXP)
-    setBoolean(target, 'remoteConfig.enabled', DD_REMOTE_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
-    target['remoteConfig.pollInterval'] = maybeFloat(DD_REMOTE_CONFIG_POLL_INTERVAL_SECONDS)
-    unprocessedTarget['remoteConfig.pollInterval'] = DD_REMOTE_CONFIG_POLL_INTERVAL_SECONDS
-    setBoolean(target, 'reportHostname', DD_TRACE_REPORT_HOSTNAME)
-    if (DD_TRACE_RESOURCE_RENAMING_ENABLED !== undefined) {
-      setBoolean(target, 'resourceRenamingEnabled', DD_TRACE_RESOURCE_RENAMING_ENABLED)
+    if (!trackedConfigOrigins.has('sampleRate') && trackedConfigOrigins.has('OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER')) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'sampleRate', getFromOtelSamplerMap(this.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER, this.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG))
     }
-    // only used to explicitly set runtimeMetrics to false
-    const otelSetRuntimeMetrics = String(OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER).toLowerCase() === 'none'
-      ? false
-      : undefined
-    setBoolean(target, 'runtimeMetrics.enabled', DD_RUNTIME_METRICS_ENABLED ||
-    otelSetRuntimeMetrics)
-    setBoolean(target, 'runtimeMetrics.eventLoop', DD_RUNTIME_METRICS_EVENT_LOOP_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'runtimeMetrics.gc', DD_RUNTIME_METRICS_GC_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'runtimeMetricsRuntimeId', DD_RUNTIME_METRICS_RUNTIME_ID_ENABLED)
-    setArray(target, 'sampler.spanSamplingRules', reformatSpanSamplingRules(
-      maybeJsonFile(DD_SPAN_SAMPLING_RULES_FILE) ??
-      safeJsonParse(DD_SPAN_SAMPLING_RULES)
-    ))
-    setUnit(
-      target,
-      'sampleRate',
-      DD_TRACE_SAMPLE_RATE || getFromOtelSamplerMap(OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER, OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG)
-    )
-    target['sampler.rateLimit'] = DD_TRACE_RATE_LIMIT
-    setSamplingRule(target, 'sampler.rules', safeJsonParse(DD_TRACE_SAMPLING_RULES))
-    unprocessedTarget['sampler.rules'] = DD_TRACE_SAMPLING_RULES
-    setString(target, 'scope', DD_TRACE_SCOPE)
-    // Priority:
-    // DD_SERVICE > tags.service > OTEL_SERVICE_NAME > NX_TASK_TARGET_PROJECT (if DD_ENABLE_NX_SERVICE_NAME) > default
-    let serviceName = DD_SERVICE || tags.service || OTEL_SERVICE_NAME
-    let isServiceNameInferred
-    if (!serviceName && NX_TASK_TARGET_PROJECT) {
-      if (isTrue(DD_ENABLE_NX_SERVICE_NAME)) {
-        isServiceNameInferred = true
-        serviceName = NX_TASK_TARGET_PROJECT
-      } else if (DD_MAJOR < 6) {
-        // Warn about v6 behavior change for Nx projects
-        log.warn(
-          // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/max-len
-          'NX_TASK_TARGET_PROJECT is set but no service name was configured. In v6, NX_TASK_TARGET_PROJECT will be used as the default service name. Set DD_ENABLE_NX_SERVICE_NAME=true to opt-in to this behavior now, or set a service name explicitly.'
-        )
+
+    if (this.DD_SPAN_SAMPLING_RULES_FILE) {
+      try {
+        // TODO: Should we log a warning in case this is defined next to spanSamplingRules?
+        setAndTrack(this, 'spanSamplingRules', transformers.toCamelCase(JSON.parse(this.DD_SPAN_SAMPLING_RULES_FILE)))
+      } catch (error) {
+        log.warn('Error reading span sampling rules file %s; %o', this.DD_SPAN_SAMPLING_RULES_FILE, error)
       }
     }
-    setString(target, 'service', serviceName)
-    if (serviceName) setBoolean(target, 'isServiceNameInferred', isServiceNameInferred ?? false)
-    if (DD_SERVICE_MAPPING) {
-      target.serviceMapping = Object.fromEntries(
-        DD_SERVICE_MAPPING.split(',').map(x => x.trim().split(':'))
-      )
-    }
-    setString(target, 'site', DD_SITE)
-    if (DD_TRACE_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_SCHEMA) {
-      setString(target, 'spanAttributeSchema', validateNamingVersion(DD_TRACE_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_SCHEMA))
-      unprocessedTarget.spanAttributeSchema = DD_TRACE_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_SCHEMA
-    }
-    // 0: disabled, 1: logging, 2: garbage collection + logging
-    target.spanLeakDebug = maybeInt(DD_TRACE_SPAN_LEAK_DEBUG)
-    setBoolean(target, 'spanRemoveIntegrationFromService', DD_TRACE_REMOVE_INTEGRATION_SERVICE_NAMES_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'startupLogs', DD_TRACE_STARTUP_LOGS)
-    setTags(target, 'tags', tags)
-    target.tagsHeaderMaxLength = DD_TRACE_X_DATADOG_TAGS_MAX_LENGTH
-    setBoolean(target, 'telemetry.enabled', DD_INSTRUMENTATION_TELEMETRY_ENABLED)
-    setString(target, 'instrumentation_config_id', DD_INSTRUMENTATION_CONFIG_ID)
-    setBoolean(target, 'telemetry.debug', DD_TELEMETRY_DEBUG)
-    setBoolean(target, 'telemetry.dependencyCollection', DD_TELEMETRY_DEPENDENCY_COLLECTION_ENABLED)
-    target['telemetry.heartbeatInterval'] = maybeInt(Math.floor(DD_TELEMETRY_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL * 1000))
-    unprocessedTarget['telemetry.heartbeatInterval'] = DD_TELEMETRY_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL
-    setBoolean(target, 'telemetry.logCollection', DD_TELEMETRY_LOG_COLLECTION_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'telemetry.metrics', DD_TELEMETRY_METRICS_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'isKeepingCoverageConfiguration', DD_TEST_TIA_KEEP_COV_CONFIG)
-    setBoolean(target, 'traceId128BitGenerationEnabled', DD_TRACE_128_BIT_TRACEID_GENERATION_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'traceId128BitLoggingEnabled', DD_TRACE_128_BIT_TRACEID_LOGGING_ENABLED)
-    warnIfPropagationStyleConflict(
-      DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE,
-      DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_INJECT,
-      DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_EXTRACT
-    )
-    if (DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE !== undefined) {
-      setArray(target, 'tracePropagationStyle.inject', normalizePropagationStyle(DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE))
-      setArray(target, 'tracePropagationStyle.extract', normalizePropagationStyle(DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE))
-    }
-    if (DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_INJECT !== undefined) {
-      setArray(target, 'tracePropagationStyle.inject',
-        normalizePropagationStyle(DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_INJECT))
+
+    // All sampler options are tracked as individual values. No need to track the sampler object as a whole.
+    this.sampler = {
+      rules: this.samplingRules,
+      rateLimit: this.rateLimit,
+      sampleRate: this.sampleRate,
+      spanSamplingRules: this.spanSamplingRules,
     }
-    if (DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_EXTRACT !== undefined) {
-      setArray(target, 'tracePropagationStyle.extract',
-        normalizePropagationStyle(DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_EXTRACT))
+
+    // For LLMObs, we want to auto enable it when other llmobs options are defined.
+    if (!this.llmobs.enabled &&
+        !trackedConfigOrigins.has('llmobs.enabled') &&
+        (trackedConfigOrigins.has('llmobs.agentlessEnabled') ||
+        trackedConfigOrigins.has('llmobs.mlApp'))) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'llmobs.enabled', true)
     }
-    setBoolean(target, 'tracePropagationExtractFirst', DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_EXTRACT_FIRST)
-    if (DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_BEHAVIOR_EXTRACT !== undefined) {
-      const stringPropagationBehaviorExtract = String(DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_BEHAVIOR_EXTRACT)
-      target.tracePropagationBehaviorExtract =
-        VALID_PROPAGATION_BEHAVIOR_EXTRACT.has(stringPropagationBehaviorExtract)
-          ? stringPropagationBehaviorExtract
-          : 'continue'
+
+    if (this.OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES) {
+      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(this.OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES)) {
+        // Not replacing existing tags keeps the order of the tags as before.
+        if (!this.tags[key]) {
+          this.tags[key] = value
+        }
+      }
     }
-    if (DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE !== undefined ||
-        DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_INJECT !== undefined ||
-        DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_EXTRACT !== undefined ||
-        OTEL_PROPAGATORS !== undefined) {
-      // At least one var is defined, calculate value using truthy logic
-      const useDdStyle = DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE ||
-                         DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_INJECT ||
-                         DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_EXTRACT
-      setBoolean(target, 'tracePropagationStyle.otelPropagators',
-        useDdStyle ? false : !!OTEL_PROPAGATORS)
-
-      // Use OTEL_PROPAGATORS if no DD-specific vars are set
-      if (!useDdStyle && OTEL_PROPAGATORS) {
-        const otelStyles = normalizePropagationStyle(OTEL_PROPAGATORS)
-        // Validate OTEL propagators
-        for (const style of otelStyles || []) {
-          if (!VALID_PROPAGATION_STYLES.has(style)) {
-            log.warn('unexpected value %s for OTEL_PROPAGATORS environment variable', style)
-            getCounter('otel.env.invalid', 'DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE', 'OTEL_PROPAGATORS').inc()
+    if (this.DD_TRACE_TAGS) {
+      // TODO: This is a hack to keep the order of the tags as before.
+      // That hack is not sufficient, since it does not handle other cases where the tags are set by the user.
+      if (trackedConfigOrigins.get('tags') === 'code') {
+        for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(this.DD_TRACE_TAGS)) {
+          // Not replacing existing tags keeps the order of the tags as before.
+          if (!this.tags[key]) {
+            this.tags[key] = value
           }
         }
-        // Set inject/extract from OTEL_PROPAGATORS
-        if (otelStyles) {
-          setArray(target, 'tracePropagationStyle.inject', otelStyles)
-          setArray(target, 'tracePropagationStyle.extract', otelStyles)
-        }
+      } else {
+        Object.assign(this.tags, this.DD_TRACE_TAGS)
       }
     }
-    setBoolean(target, 'traceWebsocketMessagesEnabled', DD_TRACE_WEBSOCKET_MESSAGES_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'traceWebsocketMessagesInheritSampling', DD_TRACE_WEBSOCKET_MESSAGES_INHERIT_SAMPLING)
-    setBoolean(target, 'traceWebsocketMessagesSeparateTraces', DD_TRACE_WEBSOCKET_MESSAGES_SEPARATE_TRACES)
-    setBoolean(target, 'tracing', DD_TRACING_ENABLED)
-    setString(target, 'version', DD_VERSION || tags.version)
-    setBoolean(target, 'inferredProxyServicesEnabled', DD_TRACE_INFERRED_PROXY_SERVICES_ENABLED)
-    setBoolean(target, 'trace.aws.addSpanPointers', DD_TRACE_AWS_ADD_SPAN_POINTERS)
-    setString(target, 'trace.dynamoDb.tablePrimaryKeys', DD_TRACE_DYNAMODB_TABLE_PRIMARY_KEYS)
-    setArray(target, 'graphqlErrorExtensions', DD_TRACE_GRAPHQL_ERROR_EXTENSIONS)
-    setBoolean(target, 'trace.nativeSpanEvents', DD_TRACE_NATIVE_SPAN_EVENTS)
-    target['vertexai.spanPromptCompletionSampleRate'] = maybeFloat(DD_VERTEXAI_SPAN_PROMPT_COMPLETION_SAMPLE_RATE)
-    target['vertexai.spanCharLimit'] = maybeInt(DD_VERTEXAI_SPAN_CHAR_LIMIT)
-  }
 
-  #applyOptions (options) {
-    const opts = this.#options
-    const tags = {}
-
-    options = this.#optionsArg = { ingestion: {}, ...options, ...opts }
-
-    tagger.add(tags, options.tags)
-
-    setBoolean(opts, 'apmTracingEnabled', options.apmTracingEnabled ??
-      (options.experimental?.appsec?.standalone && !options.experimental.appsec.standalone.enabled)
-    )
-    setBoolean(opts, 'appsec.apiSecurity.enabled', options.appsec?.apiSecurity?.enabled)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'appsec.apiSecurity.endpointCollectionEnabled',
-      options.appsec?.apiSecurity?.endpointCollectionEnabled)
-    opts['appsec.apiSecurity.endpointCollectionMessageLimit'] =
-      maybeInt(options.appsec?.apiSecurity?.endpointCollectionMessageLimit)
-    opts['appsec.blockedTemplateGraphql'] = maybeFile(options.appsec?.blockedTemplateGraphql)
-    opts['appsec.blockedTemplateHtml'] = maybeFile(options.appsec?.blockedTemplateHtml)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed['appsec.blockedTemplateHtml'] = options.appsec?.blockedTemplateHtml
-    opts['appsec.blockedTemplateJson'] = maybeFile(options.appsec?.blockedTemplateJson)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed['appsec.blockedTemplateJson'] = options.appsec?.blockedTemplateJson
-    setBoolean(opts, 'appsec.enabled', options.appsec?.enabled)
-    setString(opts, 'appsec.eventTracking.mode', options.appsec?.eventTracking?.mode)
-    setBoolean(
-      opts,
-      'appsec.extendedHeadersCollection.enabled',
-      options.appsec?.extendedHeadersCollection?.enabled
-    )
-    setBoolean(
-      opts,
-      'appsec.extendedHeadersCollection.redaction',
-      options.appsec?.extendedHeadersCollection?.redaction
-    )
-    opts['appsec.extendedHeadersCollection.maxHeaders'] = options.appsec?.extendedHeadersCollection?.maxHeaders
-    setString(opts, 'appsec.obfuscatorKeyRegex', options.appsec?.obfuscatorKeyRegex)
-    setString(opts, 'appsec.obfuscatorValueRegex', options.appsec?.obfuscatorValueRegex)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'appsec.rasp.enabled', options.appsec?.rasp?.enabled)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'appsec.rasp.bodyCollection', options.appsec?.rasp?.bodyCollection)
-    opts['appsec.rateLimit'] = maybeInt(options.appsec?.rateLimit)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed['appsec.rateLimit'] = options.appsec?.rateLimit
-    setString(opts, 'appsec.rules', options.appsec?.rules)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'appsec.stackTrace.enabled', options.appsec?.stackTrace?.enabled)
-    opts['appsec.stackTrace.maxDepth'] = maybeInt(options.appsec?.stackTrace?.maxDepth)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed['appsec.stackTrace.maxDepth'] = options.appsec?.stackTrace?.maxDepth
-    opts['appsec.stackTrace.maxStackTraces'] = maybeInt(options.appsec?.stackTrace?.maxStackTraces)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed['appsec.stackTrace.maxStackTraces'] = options.appsec?.stackTrace?.maxStackTraces
-    opts['appsec.wafTimeout'] = maybeInt(options.appsec?.wafTimeout)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed['appsec.wafTimeout'] = options.appsec?.wafTimeout
-    setBoolean(opts, 'clientIpEnabled', options.clientIpEnabled)
-    setString(opts, 'clientIpHeader', options.clientIpHeader?.toLowerCase())
-    if (options.cloudPayloadTagging?.request || options.cloudPayloadTagging?.response) {
-      if (options.cloudPayloadTagging.request) {
-        setBoolean(opts, 'cloudPayloadTagging.requestsEnabled', true)
-      }
-      if (options.cloudPayloadTagging.response) {
-        setBoolean(opts, 'cloudPayloadTagging.responsesEnabled', true)
-      }
-      opts['cloudPayloadTagging.rules'] = appendRules(
-        splitJSONPathRules(options.cloudPayloadTagging.request),
-        splitJSONPathRules(options.cloudPayloadTagging.response)
-      )
-    }
-    if (options.cloudPayloadTagging?.requestsEnabled !== undefined) {
-      setBoolean(opts, 'cloudPayloadTagging.requestsEnabled', options.cloudPayloadTagging.requestsEnabled)
-    }
-    if (options.cloudPayloadTagging?.responsesEnabled !== undefined) {
-      setBoolean(opts, 'cloudPayloadTagging.responsesEnabled', options.cloudPayloadTagging.responsesEnabled)
-    }
-    opts['cloudPayloadTagging.maxDepth'] = maybeInt(options.cloudPayloadTagging?.maxDepth)
-    opts.baggageMaxBytes = options.baggageMaxBytes
-    opts.baggageMaxItems = options.baggageMaxItems
-    setArray(opts, 'baggageTagKeys', options.baggageTagKeys)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'codeOriginForSpans.enabled', options.codeOriginForSpans?.enabled)
-    setBoolean(
-      opts,
-      'codeOriginForSpans.experimental.exit_spans.enabled',
-      options.codeOriginForSpans?.experimental?.exit_spans?.enabled
-    )
-    setString(opts, 'dbmPropagationMode', options.dbmPropagationMode)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'dbm.injectSqlBaseHash', options.dbm?.injectSqlBaseHash)
-    if (options.dogstatsd) {
-      setString(opts, 'dogstatsd.hostname', options.dogstatsd.hostname)
-      setString(opts, 'dogstatsd.port', options.dogstatsd.port)
+    if (!this.#parsedDdTags) {
+      this.#parsedDdTags = rfdc(this.tags)
     }
-    setBoolean(opts, 'dsmEnabled', options.dsmEnabled)
-    opts['dynamicInstrumentation.captureTimeoutMs'] = maybeInt(options.dynamicInstrumentation?.captureTimeoutMs)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed['dynamicInstrumentation.captureTimeoutMs'] = options.dynamicInstrumentation?.captureTimeoutMs
-    setBoolean(opts, 'dynamicInstrumentation.enabled', options.dynamicInstrumentation?.enabled)
-    setString(opts, 'dynamicInstrumentation.probeFile', options.dynamicInstrumentation?.probeFile)
-    setArray(
-      opts,
-      'dynamicInstrumentation.redactedIdentifiers',
-      options.dynamicInstrumentation?.redactedIdentifiers
-    )
-    setArray(
-      opts,
-      'dynamicInstrumentation.redactionExcludedIdentifiers',
-      options.dynamicInstrumentation?.redactionExcludedIdentifiers
-    )
-    opts['dynamicInstrumentation.uploadIntervalSeconds'] =
-      maybeFloat(options.dynamicInstrumentation?.uploadIntervalSeconds)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed['dynamicInstrumentation.uploadIntervalSeconds'] =
-      options.dynamicInstrumentation?.uploadIntervalSeconds
-    setString(opts, 'env', options.env || tags.env)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'experimental.aiguard.enabled', options.experimental?.aiguard?.enabled)
-    setString(opts, 'experimental.aiguard.endpoint', options.experimental?.aiguard?.endpoint)
-    opts['experimental.aiguard.maxMessagesLength'] = maybeInt(options.experimental?.aiguard?.maxMessagesLength)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed['experimental.aiguard.maxMessagesLength'] = options.experimental?.aiguard?.maxMessagesLength
-    opts['experimental.aiguard.maxContentSize'] = maybeInt(options.experimental?.aiguard?.maxContentSize)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed['experimental.aiguard.maxContentSize'] = options.experimental?.aiguard?.maxContentSize
-    opts['experimental.aiguard.timeout'] = maybeInt(options.experimental?.aiguard?.timeout)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed['experimental.aiguard.timeout'] = options.experimental?.aiguard?.timeout
-    setBoolean(opts, 'experimental.enableGetRumData', options.experimental?.enableGetRumData)
-    setString(opts, 'experimental.exporter', options.experimental?.exporter)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'experimental.flaggingProvider.enabled', options.experimental?.flaggingProvider?.enabled)
-    opts['experimental.flaggingProvider.initializationTimeoutMs'] = maybeInt(
-      options.experimental?.flaggingProvider?.initializationTimeoutMs
-    )
-    this.#optsUnprocessed['experimental.flaggingProvider.initializationTimeoutMs'] =
-      options.experimental?.flaggingProvider?.initializationTimeoutMs
-    opts.flushInterval = maybeInt(options.flushInterval)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed.flushInterval = options.flushInterval
-    opts.flushMinSpans = maybeInt(options.flushMinSpans)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed.flushMinSpans = options.flushMinSpans
-    setArray(opts, 'headerTags', options.headerTags)
-    setString(opts, 'hostname', options.hostname)
-    opts['iast.dbRowsToTaint'] = maybeInt(options.iast?.dbRowsToTaint)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'iast.deduplicationEnabled', options.iast && options.iast.deduplicationEnabled)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'iast.enabled',
-      options.iast && (options.iast === true || options.iast.enabled === true))
-    opts['iast.maxConcurrentRequests'] = maybeInt(options.iast?.maxConcurrentRequests)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed['iast.maxConcurrentRequests'] = options.iast?.maxConcurrentRequests
-    opts['iast.maxContextOperations'] = maybeInt(options.iast?.maxContextOperations)
-    this.#optsUnprocessed['iast.maxContextOperations'] = options.iast?.maxContextOperations
-    setBoolean(opts, 'iast.redactionEnabled', options.iast?.redactionEnabled)
-    setString(opts, 'iast.redactionNamePattern', options.iast?.redactionNamePattern)
-    setString(opts, 'iast.redactionValuePattern', options.iast?.redactionValuePattern)
-    const iastRequestSampling = maybeInt(options.iast?.requestSampling)
-    if (iastRequestSampling !== undefined && iastRequestSampling > -1 && iastRequestSampling < 101) {
-      opts['iast.requestSampling'] = iastRequestSampling
-      this.#optsUnprocessed['iast.requestSampling'] = options.iast?.requestSampling
-    }
-    if (DD_MAJOR < 6) {
-      opts['iast.securityControlsConfiguration'] = options.iast?.securityControlsConfiguration
+
+    if (!this.env && this.tags.env !== undefined) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'env', this.tags.env)
     }
-    setBoolean(opts, 'iast.stackTrace.enabled', options.iast?.stackTrace?.enabled)
-    setString(opts, 'iast.telemetryVerbosity', options.iast && options.iast.telemetryVerbosity)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'isCiVisibility', options.isCiVisibility)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'legacyBaggageEnabled', options.legacyBaggageEnabled)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'llmobs.agentlessEnabled', options.llmobs?.agentlessEnabled)
-    setString(opts, 'llmobs.mlApp', options.llmobs?.mlApp)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'logInjection', options.logInjection)
-    opts.lookup = options.lookup
-    setBoolean(opts, 'middlewareTracingEnabled', options.middlewareTracingEnabled)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'openAiLogsEnabled', options.openAiLogsEnabled)
-    opts.peerServiceMapping = options.peerServiceMapping
-    setBoolean(opts, 'plugins', options.plugins)
-    setString(opts, 'port', options.port)
-    const strProfiling = String(options.profiling)
-    if (['true', 'false', 'auto'].includes(strProfiling)) {
-      setString(opts, 'profiling.enabled', strProfiling)
+
+    if (!this.version) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'version', this.tags.version || pkg.version)
+      this.tags.version ??= pkg.version
     }
-    setString(opts, 'protocolVersion', options.protocolVersion)
-    if (options.remoteConfig) {
-      opts['remoteConfig.pollInterval'] = maybeFloat(options.remoteConfig.pollInterval)
-      this.#optsUnprocessed['remoteConfig.pollInterval'] = options.remoteConfig.pollInterval
+
+    let isServiceNameInferred = false
+    if (!trackedConfigOrigins.has('service')) {
+      if (this.tags.service) {
+        setAndTrack(this, 'service', this.tags.service)
+      } else {
+        const NX_TASK_TARGET_PROJECT = getEnvironmentVariable('NX_TASK_TARGET_PROJECT')
+        if (NX_TASK_TARGET_PROJECT) {
+          if (this.DD_ENABLE_NX_SERVICE_NAME) {
+            setAndTrack(this, 'service', NX_TASK_TARGET_PROJECT)
+            isServiceNameInferred = true
+          } else if (DD_MAJOR < 6) {
+            log.warn(
+              // eslint-disable-next-line eslint-rules/eslint-log-printf-style
+              'NX_TASK_TARGET_PROJECT is set but no service name was configured. In v6, NX_TASK_TARGET_PROJECT will ' +
+              'be used as the default service name. Set DD_ENABLE_NX_SERVICE_NAME=true to opt-in to this behavior ' +
+              'now, or set a service name explicitly.'
+            )
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!this.service) {
+        const serverlessName = IS_SERVERLESS
+          ? (
+              getEnvironmentVariable('AWS_LAMBDA_FUNCTION_NAME') ||
+              getEnvironmentVariable('FUNCTION_NAME') || // Google Cloud Function Name set by deprecated runtimes
+              getEnvironmentVariable('K_SERVICE') || // Google Cloud Function Name set by newer runtimes
+              getEnvironmentVariable('WEBSITE_SITE_NAME') // set by Azure Functions
+            )
+          : undefined
+
+        setAndTrack(this, 'service', serverlessName || pkg.name || 'node')
+        this.tags.service ??= /** @type {string} */ (this.service)
+        isServiceNameInferred = true
+      }
     }
-    setBoolean(opts, 'reportHostname', options.reportHostname)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'runtimeMetrics.enabled', options.runtimeMetrics?.enabled)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'runtimeMetrics.eventLoop', options.runtimeMetrics?.eventLoop)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'runtimeMetrics.gc', options.runtimeMetrics?.gc)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'runtimeMetricsRuntimeId', options.runtimeMetricsRuntimeId)
-    setArray(opts, 'sampler.spanSamplingRules', reformatSpanSamplingRules(options.spanSamplingRules))
-    setUnit(opts, 'sampleRate', options.sampleRate ?? options.ingestion.sampleRate)
-    opts['sampler.rateLimit'] = maybeInt(options.rateLimit ?? options.ingestion.rateLimit)
-    setSamplingRule(opts, 'sampler.rules', options.samplingRules)
-    const optService = options.service || tags.service
-    setString(opts, 'service', optService)
-    if (optService) {
-      setBoolean(opts, 'isServiceNameInferred', false)
+    setAndTrack(this, 'isServiceNameInferred', isServiceNameInferred)
+
+    // Add missing tags, in case they are defined otherwise.
+    if (this.service) {
+      this.tags.service = this.service
     }
-    opts.serviceMapping = options.serviceMapping
-    setString(opts, 'site', options.site)
-    if (options.spanAttributeSchema) {
-      setString(opts, 'spanAttributeSchema', validateNamingVersion(options.spanAttributeSchema))
-      this.#optsUnprocessed.spanAttributeSchema = options.spanAttributeSchema
+    if (this.env) {
+      this.tags.env = this.env
     }
-    setBoolean(opts, 'spanRemoveIntegrationFromService', options.spanRemoveIntegrationFromService)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'startupLogs', options.startupLogs)
-    setTags(opts, 'tags', tags)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'traceId128BitGenerationEnabled', options.traceId128BitGenerationEnabled)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'traceId128BitLoggingEnabled', options.traceId128BitLoggingEnabled)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'traceWebsocketMessagesEnabled', options.traceWebsocketMessagesEnabled)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'traceWebsocketMessagesInheritSampling', options.traceWebsocketMessagesInheritSampling)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'traceWebsocketMessagesSeparateTraces', options.traceWebsocketMessagesSeparateTraces)
-    setString(opts, 'version', options.version || tags.version)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'inferredProxyServicesEnabled', options.inferredProxyServicesEnabled)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'graphqlErrorExtensions', options.graphqlErrorExtensions)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'trace.nativeSpanEvents', options.trace?.nativeSpanEvents)
-    if (options.tracePropagationStyle) {
-      setArray(opts, 'tracePropagationStyle.inject',
-        normalizePropagationStyle(options.tracePropagationStyle.inject ?? options.tracePropagationStyle))
-      setArray(opts, 'tracePropagationStyle.extract',
-        normalizePropagationStyle(options.tracePropagationStyle.extract ?? options.tracePropagationStyle))
+    if (this.version) {
+      this.tags.version = this.version
     }
+    this.tags['runtime-id'] = RUNTIME_ID
 
-    // For LLMObs, we want the environment variable to take precedence over the options.
-    // This is reliant on environment config being set before options.
-    // This is to make sure the origins of each value are tracked appropriately for telemetry.
-    // We'll only set `llmobs.enabled` on the opts when it's not set on the environment, and options.llmobs is provided.
-    if (this.#env['llmobs.enabled'] == null && options.llmobs) {
-      setBoolean(opts, 'llmobs.enabled', true)
+    if (IS_SERVERLESS) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'telemetry.enabled', false)
+      setAndTrack(this, 'crashtracking.enabled', false)
+      setAndTrack(this, 'remoteConfig.enabled', false)
     }
-  }
-
-  #isCiVisibility () {
-    return this.#optionsArg.isCiVisibility ?? this.#defaults.isCiVisibility
-  }
-
-  #getHostname () {
-    const DD_CIVISIBILITY_AGENTLESS_URL = getEnv('DD_CIVISIBILITY_AGENTLESS_URL')
-    const url = DD_CIVISIBILITY_AGENTLESS_URL
-      ? new URL(DD_CIVISIBILITY_AGENTLESS_URL)
-      : getAgentUrl(this.#getTraceAgentUrl(), this.#optionsArg)
-    const DD_AGENT_HOST = this.#optionsArg.hostname ??
-      getEnv('DD_AGENT_HOST') ??
-      defaults.hostname
-    return DD_AGENT_HOST || url?.hostname
-  }
-
-  #getSpanComputePeerService () {
-    const DD_TRACE_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_SCHEMA = validateNamingVersion(
-      this.#optionsArg.spanAttributeSchema ??
-      getEnv('DD_TRACE_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_SCHEMA')
-    )
-
-    const peerServiceSet = (
-      this.#optionsArg.hasOwnProperty('spanComputePeerService') ||
-      getEnv('DD_TRACE_PEER_SERVICE_DEFAULTS_ENABLED') !== undefined
-    )
-    const peerServiceValue = this.#optionsArg.spanComputePeerService ??
-      getEnv('DD_TRACE_PEER_SERVICE_DEFAULTS_ENABLED')
-
-    const spanComputePeerService = (
-      DD_TRACE_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_SCHEMA === 'v0'
-        // In v0, peer service is computed only if it is explicitly set to true
-        ? peerServiceSet && isTrue(peerServiceValue)
-        // In >v0, peer service is false only if it is explicitly set to false
-        : (peerServiceSet ? !isFalse(peerServiceValue) : true)
-    )
-
-    return spanComputePeerService
-  }
 
-  #isTraceStatsComputationEnabled () {
-    const apmTracingEnabled = this.#options.apmTracingEnabled !== false &&
-      this.#env.apmTracingEnabled !== false
-
-    return apmTracingEnabled && (
-      this.#optionsArg.stats ??
-      getEnv('DD_TRACE_STATS_COMPUTATION_ENABLED') ??
-      (getIsGCPFunction() || getIsAzureFunction())
-    )
-  }
-
-  #getTraceAgentUrl () {
-    return this.#optionsArg.url ??
-      getEnv('DD_TRACE_AGENT_URL') ??
-      null
-  }
-
-  // handles values calculated from a mixture of options and env vars
-  #applyCalculated () {
-    const calc = this.#calculated
-
-    const DD_CIVISIBILITY_AGENTLESS_URL = getEnv('DD_CIVISIBILITY_AGENTLESS_URL')
-
-    calc.url = DD_CIVISIBILITY_AGENTLESS_URL
-      ? new URL(DD_CIVISIBILITY_AGENTLESS_URL)
-      : getAgentUrl(this.#getTraceAgentUrl(), this.#optionsArg)
+    // TODO: Should this unconditionally be disabled?
+    if (getEnvironmentVariable('JEST_WORKER_ID') && !trackedConfigOrigins.has('telemetry.enabled')) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'telemetry.enabled', false)
+    }
 
     // Experimental agentless APM span intake
     // When enabled, sends spans directly to Datadog intake without an agent
-    const agentlessEnabled = isTrue(getEnv('_DD_APM_TRACING_AGENTLESS_ENABLED'))
+    // TODO: Replace this with a proper configuration
+    const agentlessEnabled = isTrue(getEnvironmentVariable('_DD_APM_TRACING_AGENTLESS_ENABLED'))
     if (agentlessEnabled) {
-      setString(calc, 'experimental.exporter', 'agentless')
-      // Disable rate limiting - server-side sampling will be used
-      calc['sampler.rateLimit'] = -1
+      setAndTrack(this, 'experimental.exporter', 'agentless')
       // Disable client-side stats computation
-      setBoolean(calc, 'stats.enabled', false)
+      setAndTrack(this, 'stats.enabled', false)
       // Enable hostname reporting
-      setBoolean(calc, 'reportHostname', true)
+      setAndTrack(this, 'reportHostname', true)
+      // Disable rate limiting - server-side sampling will be used
+      setAndTrack(this, 'sampler.rateLimit', -1)
       // Clear sampling rules - server-side sampling handles this
-      calc['sampler.rules'] = []
+      setAndTrack(this, 'sampler.rules', [])
       // Agentless intake only accepts 64-bit trace IDs; disable 128-bit generation
-      setBoolean(calc, 'traceId128BitGenerationEnabled', false)
-    }
-
-    if (this.#isCiVisibility()) {
-      setBoolean(calc, 'isEarlyFlakeDetectionEnabled',
-        getEnv('DD_CIVISIBILITY_EARLY_FLAKE_DETECTION_ENABLED') ?? true)
-      setBoolean(calc, 'isFlakyTestRetriesEnabled', getEnv('DD_CIVISIBILITY_FLAKY_RETRY_ENABLED') ?? true)
-      calc.flakyTestRetriesCount = maybeInt(getEnv('DD_CIVISIBILITY_FLAKY_RETRY_COUNT')) ?? 5
-      setBoolean(calc, 'isIntelligentTestRunnerEnabled', isTrue(isCiVisibilityItrEnabled()))
-      setBoolean(calc, 'isManualApiEnabled', !isFalse(getEnv('DD_CIVISIBILITY_MANUAL_API_ENABLED')))
-      setString(calc, 'ciVisibilityTestSessionName', getEnv('DD_TEST_SESSION_NAME'))
-      setBoolean(calc, 'ciVisAgentlessLogSubmissionEnabled',
-        isTrue(getEnv('DD_AGENTLESS_LOG_SUBMISSION_ENABLED')))
-      setBoolean(calc, 'isTestDynamicInstrumentationEnabled',
-        !isFalse(getEnv('DD_TEST_FAILED_TEST_REPLAY_ENABLED')))
-      setBoolean(calc, 'isServiceUserProvided', !!this.#env.service)
-      setBoolean(calc, 'isTestManagementEnabled', !isFalse(getEnv('DD_TEST_MANAGEMENT_ENABLED')))
-      calc.testManagementAttemptToFixRetries = maybeInt(getEnv('DD_TEST_MANAGEMENT_ATTEMPT_TO_FIX_RETRIES')) ?? 20
-      setBoolean(calc, 'isImpactedTestsEnabled',
-        !isFalse(getEnv('DD_CIVISIBILITY_IMPACTED_TESTS_DETECTION_ENABLED')))
-    }
-
-    // Disable log injection when OTEL logs are enabled
-    // OTEL logs and DD log injection are mutually exclusive
-    if (this.#env.otelLogsEnabled) {
-      setBoolean(calc, 'logInjection', false)
+      if (!trackedConfigOrigins.has('traceId128BitGenerationEnabled')) {
+        setAndTrack(this, 'traceId128BitGenerationEnabled', false)
+      }
     }
 
-    calc['dogstatsd.hostname'] = this.#getHostname()
-
-    // Compute OTLP logs and metrics URLs to send payloads to the active Datadog Agent
-    const agentHostname = this.#getHostname()
-    calc.otelLogsUrl = `http://${agentHostname}:${DEFAULT_OTLP_PORT}`
-    calc.otelMetricsUrl = `http://${agentHostname}:${DEFAULT_OTLP_PORT}/v1/metrics`
-    calc.otelUrl = `http://${agentHostname}:${DEFAULT_OTLP_PORT}`
-    calc['telemetry.heartbeatInterval'] = maybeInt(Math.floor(this.#defaults['telemetry.heartbeatInterval'] * 1000))
-
-    setBoolean(calc, 'isGitUploadEnabled',
-      calc.isIntelligentTestRunnerEnabled && !isFalse(getEnv('DD_CIVISIBILITY_GIT_UPLOAD_ENABLED')))
-
-    // Enable resourceRenamingEnabled when appsec is enabled and only
-    // if DD_TRACE_RESOURCE_RENAMING_ENABLED is not explicitly set
-    if (this.#env.resourceRenamingEnabled === undefined) {
-      const appsecEnabled = this.#options['appsec.enabled'] ?? this.#env['appsec.enabled']
-      if (appsecEnabled) {
-        setBoolean(calc, 'resourceRenamingEnabled', true)
+    // Apply all fallbacks to the calculated config.
+    for (const [configName, alias] of fallbackConfigurations) {
+      if (!trackedConfigOrigins.has(configName) && trackedConfigOrigins.has(alias)) {
+        setAndTrack(this, configName, this[alias])
       }
     }
 
-    setBoolean(calc, 'spanComputePeerService', this.#getSpanComputePeerService())
-    setBoolean(calc, 'stats.enabled', this.#isTraceStatsComputationEnabled())
-    const defaultPropagationStyle = getDefaultPropagationStyle(this.#optionsArg)
-    if (defaultPropagationStyle.length > 2) {
-      // b3 was added, so update defaults to include it
-      // This will only be used if no other source (options, env, stable config) set the value
-      calc['tracePropagationStyle.inject'] = defaultPropagationStyle
-      calc['tracePropagationStyle.extract'] = defaultPropagationStyle
+    const DEFAULT_OTLP_PORT = '4318'
+    if (!this.otelLogsUrl) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'otelLogsUrl', `http://${agentHostname}:${DEFAULT_OTLP_PORT}`)
     }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Applies remote configuration options from APM_TRACING configs.
-   *
-   * @param {import('./remote_config').RemoteConfigOptions} options - Configurations received via Remote Config
-   */
-  #applyRemoteConfig (options) {
-    const opts = this.#remote
-
-    setBoolean(opts, 'dynamicInstrumentation.enabled', options.dynamic_instrumentation_enabled)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'codeOriginForSpans.enabled', options.code_origin_enabled)
-    setUnit(opts, 'sampleRate', options.tracing_sampling_rate)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'logInjection', options.log_injection_enabled)
-    setBoolean(opts, 'tracing', options.tracing_enabled)
-    this.#remoteUnprocessed['sampler.rules'] = options.tracing_sampling_rules
-    setSamplingRule(opts, 'sampler.rules', reformatTagsFromRC(options.tracing_sampling_rules))
-
-    opts.headerTags = options.tracing_header_tags?.map(tag => {
-      return tag.tag_name ? `${tag.header}:${tag.tag_name}` : tag.header
-    })
-
-    const tags = {}
-    tagger.add(tags, options.tracing_tags)
-    if (Object.keys(tags).length) {
-      tags['runtime-id'] = RUNTIME_ID
+    if (!this.otelMetricsUrl) {
+      setAndTrack(this, 'otelMetricsUrl', `http://${agentHostname}:${DEFAULT_OTLP_PORT}/v1/metrics`)
     }
-    setTags(opts, 'tags', tags)
-  }
 
-  #setAndTrackChange ({ name, value, origin, unprocessedValue, changes }) {
-    set(this, name, value)
-
-    if (!changeTracker[name]) {
-      changeTracker[name] = {}
+    if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+      // OOM monitoring does not work properly on Windows, so it will be disabled.
+      deactivateIfEnabledAndWarnOnWindows(this, 'DD_PROFILING_EXPERIMENTAL_OOM_MONITORING_ENABLED')
+      // Profiler sampling contexts are not available on Windows, so features
+      // depending on those (code hotspots and endpoint collection) need to be disabled on Windows.
+      deactivateIfEnabledAndWarnOnWindows(this, 'DD_PROFILING_CODEHOTSPOTS_ENABLED')
+      deactivateIfEnabledAndWarnOnWindows(this, 'DD_PROFILING_ENDPOINT_COLLECTION_ENABLED')
+      deactivateIfEnabledAndWarnOnWindows(this, 'DD_PROFILING_CPU_ENABLED')
+      deactivateIfEnabledAndWarnOnWindows(this, 'DD_PROFILING_TIMELINE_ENABLED')
+      deactivateIfEnabledAndWarnOnWindows(this, 'DD_PROFILING_ASYNC_CONTEXT_FRAME_ENABLED')
     }
 
-    const originExists = origin in changeTracker[name]
-    const oldValue = changeTracker[name][origin]
+    // Single tags update is tracked as a calculated value.
+    setAndTrack(this, 'tags', this.tags)
 
-    if (!originExists || oldValue !== value) {
-      changeTracker[name][origin] = value
-      changes.push({
-        name,
-        value: unprocessedValue || value,
-        origin,
-      })
-    }
-  }
-
-  // TODO: Report origin changes and errors to telemetry.
-  // TODO: Deeply merge configurations.
-  // TODO: Move change tracking to telemetry.
-  // for telemetry reporting, `name`s in `containers` need to be keys from:
-  // https://github.com/DataDog/dd-go/blob/prod/trace/apps/tracer-telemetry-intake/telemetry-payload/static/config_norm_rules.json
-  #merge () {
-    const changes = []
-    const sources = this.#getSourcesInOrder()
-
-    for (const name of Object.keys(this.#defaults)) {
-      // Use reverse order for merge (lowest priority first)
-      for (let i = sources.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-        const { container, origin, unprocessed } = sources[i]
-        const value = container[name]
-        if (value != null || container === this.#defaults) {
-          this.#setAndTrackChange({
-            name,
-            value,
-            origin,
-            unprocessedValue: unprocessed?.[name],
-            changes,
-          })
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    this.sampler.sampleRate = this.sampleRate
-    updateConfig(changes, this)
+    telemetry.updateConfig([...configWithOrigin.values()], this)
   }
 
+  // TODO: Move outside of config. This is unrelated to the config system.
   #loadGitMetadata () {
-    // try to read Git metadata from the environment variables
-    this.repositoryUrl = removeUserSensitiveInfo(
-      getEnv('DD_GIT_REPOSITORY_URL') ?? this.tags[GIT_REPOSITORY_URL]
-    )
-    this.commitSHA = getEnv('DD_GIT_COMMIT_SHA') ?? this.tags[GIT_COMMIT_SHA]
+    // Try to read Git metadata from the environment variables
+    this.repositoryUrl = removeUserSensitiveInfo(this.DD_GIT_REPOSITORY_URL ?? this.tags[GIT_REPOSITORY_URL])
+    this.commitSHA = this.DD_GIT_COMMIT_SHA ?? this.tags[GIT_COMMIT_SHA]
 
-    // otherwise, try to read Git metadata from the git.properties file
+    // Otherwise, try to read Git metadata from the git.properties file
     if (!this.repositoryUrl || !this.commitSHA) {
-      const DD_GIT_PROPERTIES_FILE = getEnv('DD_GIT_PROPERTIES_FILE')
+      const DD_GIT_PROPERTIES_FILE = this.DD_GIT_PROPERTIES_FILE
       const gitPropertiesFile = DD_GIT_PROPERTIES_FILE ?? `${process.cwd()}/git.properties`
-      let gitPropertiesString
       try {
-        gitPropertiesString = fs.readFileSync(gitPropertiesFile, 'utf8')
-      } catch (e) {
+        const gitPropertiesString = fs.readFileSync(gitPropertiesFile, 'utf8')
+        const { commitSHA, repositoryUrl } = getGitMetadataFromGitProperties(gitPropertiesString)
+        this.commitSHA ??= commitSHA
+        this.repositoryUrl ??= repositoryUrl
+      } catch (error) {
         // Only log error if the user has set a git.properties path
         if (DD_GIT_PROPERTIES_FILE) {
-          log.error('Error reading DD_GIT_PROPERTIES_FILE: %s', gitPropertiesFile, e)
+          log.error('Error reading DD_GIT_PROPERTIES_FILE: %s', gitPropertiesFile, error)
         }
       }
-      if (gitPropertiesString) {
-        const { commitSHA, repositoryUrl } = getGitMetadataFromGitProperties(gitPropertiesString)
-        this.commitSHA = this.commitSHA || commitSHA
-        this.repositoryUrl = this.repositoryUrl || repositoryUrl
-      }
     }
-    // otherwise, try to read Git metadata from the .git/ folder
-    if (!this.repositoryUrl || !this.commitSHA) {
-      const DD_GIT_FOLDER_PATH = getEnv('DD_GIT_FOLDER_PATH')
-      const gitFolderPath = DD_GIT_FOLDER_PATH ?? path.join(process.cwd(), '.git')
-      if (!this.repositoryUrl) {
-        // try to read git config (repository URL)
-        const gitConfigPath = path.join(gitFolderPath, 'config')
-        try {
-          const gitConfigContent = fs.readFileSync(gitConfigPath, 'utf8')
-          if (gitConfigContent) {
-            this.repositoryUrl = getRemoteOriginURL(gitConfigContent)
-          }
-        } catch (e) {
-          // Only log error if the user has set a .git/ path
-          if (DD_GIT_FOLDER_PATH) {
-            log.error('Error reading git config: %s', gitConfigPath, e)
-          }
+
+    // Otherwise, try to read Git metadata from the .git/ folder
+    const DD_GIT_FOLDER_PATH = this.DD_GIT_FOLDER_PATH
+    const gitFolderPath = DD_GIT_FOLDER_PATH ?? path.join(process.cwd(), '.git')
+
+    if (!this.repositoryUrl) {
+      // Try to read git config (repository URL)
+      const gitConfigPath = path.join(gitFolderPath, 'config')
+      try {
+        const gitConfigContent = fs.readFileSync(gitConfigPath, 'utf8')
+        if (gitConfigContent) {
+          this.repositoryUrl = getRemoteOriginURL(gitConfigContent)
         }
-      }
-      if (!this.commitSHA) {
-        // try to read git HEAD (commit SHA)
-        const gitHeadSha = resolveGitHeadSHA(gitFolderPath)
-        if (gitHeadSha) {
-          this.commitSHA = gitHeadSha
+      } catch (error) {
+        // Only log error if the user has set a .git/ path
+        if (DD_GIT_FOLDER_PATH) {
+          log.error('Error reading git config: %s', gitConfigPath, error)
         }
       }
     }
+    // Try to read git HEAD (commit SHA)
+    this.commitSHA ??= resolveGitHeadSHA(gitFolderPath)
   }
 }
 
-function getCounter (event, ddVar, otelVar) {
-  const counters = TELEMETRY_COUNTERS.get(event)
-  const tags = []
-  const ddVarPrefix = 'config_datadog:'
-  const otelVarPrefix = 'config_opentelemetry:'
-  if (ddVar) {
-    ddVar = ddVarPrefix + ddVar.toLowerCase()
-    tags.push(ddVar)
-  }
-  if (otelVar) {
-    otelVar = otelVarPrefix + otelVar.toLowerCase()
-    tags.push(otelVar)
-  }
-
-  if (!(otelVar in counters)) counters[otelVar] = {}
-
-  const counter = tracerMetrics.count(event, tags)
-  counters[otelVar][ddVar] = counter
-  return counter
-}
-
-function getFromOtelSamplerMap (otelTracesSampler, otelTracesSamplerArg) {
-  const OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_MAPPING = {
-    always_on: '1.0',
-    always_off: '0.0',
-    traceidratio: otelTracesSamplerArg,
-    parentbased_always_on: '1.0',
-    parentbased_always_off: '0.0',
-    parentbased_traceidratio: otelTracesSamplerArg,
-  }
-  return OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_MAPPING[otelTracesSampler]
-}
-
 /**
- * Validate the type of an environment variable
- * @param {string} envVar - The name of the environment variable
- * @param {string} [value] - The value of the environment variable
- * @returns {boolean} - True if the value is valid, false otherwise
+ * @param {Config} config
+ * @param {ConfigKey} envVar
  */
-function isInvalidOtelEnvironmentVariable (envVar, value) {
-  // Skip validation if the value is undefined (it was not set as environment variable)
-  if (value === undefined) return false
-
-  switch (envVar) {
-    case 'OTEL_LOG_LEVEL':
-      return !VALID_LOG_LEVELS.has(value)
-    case 'OTEL_PROPAGATORS':
-    case 'OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES':
-    case 'OTEL_SERVICE_NAME':
-      return typeof value !== 'string'
-    case 'OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER':
-      return getFromOtelSamplerMap(value, getEnv('OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG')) === undefined
-    case 'OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG':
-      return Number.isNaN(Number.parseFloat(value))
-    case 'OTEL_SDK_DISABLED':
-      return value.toLowerCase() !== 'true' && value.toLowerCase() !== 'false'
-    case 'OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER':
-    case 'OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER':
-    case 'OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER':
-      return value.toLowerCase() !== 'none'
-    default:
-      return true
-  }
-}
-
-function checkIfBothOtelAndDdEnvVarSet () {
-  for (const [otelEnvVar, ddEnvVar] of OTEL_DD_ENV_MAPPING) {
-    const otelValue = getEnv(otelEnvVar)
-
-    if (ddEnvVar && getEnv(ddEnvVar) && otelValue) {
-      log.warn('both %s and %s environment variables are set', ddEnvVar, otelEnvVar)
-      getCounter('otel.env.hiding', ddEnvVar, otelEnvVar).inc()
+function deactivateIfEnabledAndWarnOnWindows (config, envVar) {
+  if (config[envVar]) {
+    const source = trackedConfigOrigins.get(envVar)
+    setAndTrack(config, envVar, false)
+    // TODO: Should we log even for default values?
+    if (source) {
+      log.warn('%s is not supported on Windows. Deactivating. (source: %s)', envVar, source)
     }
-
-    if (isInvalidOtelEnvironmentVariable(otelEnvVar, otelValue)) {
-      log.warn('unexpected value %s for %s environment variable', otelValue, otelEnvVar)
-      getCounter('otel.env.invalid', ddEnvVar, otelEnvVar).inc()
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-function maybeFile (filepath) {
-  if (!filepath) return
-  try {
-    return fs.readFileSync(filepath, 'utf8')
-  } catch (e) {
-    log.error('Error reading file %s', filepath, e)
-  }
-}
-
-function maybeJsonFile (filepath) {
-  const file = maybeFile(filepath)
-  if (!file) return
-  try {
-    return JSON.parse(file)
-  } catch (e) {
-    log.error('Error parsing JSON file %s', filepath, e)
-  }
-}
-
-function safeJsonParse (input) {
-  try {
-    return JSON.parse(input)
-  } catch {}
-}
-
-function validateNamingVersion (versionString) {
-  if (!versionString) {
-    return DEFAULT_NAMING_VERSION
-  }
-  if (!NAMING_VERSIONS.has(versionString)) {
-    log.warn('Unexpected input for config.spanAttributeSchema, picked default', DEFAULT_NAMING_VERSION)
-    return DEFAULT_NAMING_VERSION
   }
-  return versionString
 }
 
-/**
- * Given a string of comma-separated paths, return the array of paths.
- * If a blank path is provided a null is returned to signal that the feature is disabled.
- * An empty array means the feature is enabled but that no rules need to be applied.
- *
- * @param {string | string[]} input
- */
-function splitJSONPathRules (input) {
-  if (!input || input === '$') return
-  if (Array.isArray(input)) return input
-  if (input === 'all') return []
-  return input.split(',')
-}
-
-// Shallow clone with property name remapping
-function remapify (input, mappings) {
-  if (!input) return
-  const output = {}
-  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(input)) {
-    output[key in mappings ? mappings[key] : key] = value
-  }
-  return output
-}
-
-/**
- * Normalizes propagation style values to a lowercase array.
- * Handles both string (comma-separated) and array inputs.
- */
-function normalizePropagationStyle (value) {
-  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-    return value.map(v => v.toLowerCase())
-  }
-  if (typeof value === 'string') {
-    return value.split(',')
-      .filter(v => v !== '')
-      .map(v => v.trim().toLowerCase())
-  }
-  if (value !== undefined) {
-    log.warn('Unexpected input for config.tracePropagationStyle')
+function increaseCounter (event, ddVar, otelVar) {
+  const tags = []
+  if (ddVar) {
+    tags.push(`config_datadog:${ddVar.toLowerCase()}`)
   }
+  tags.push(`config_opentelemetry:${otelVar.toLowerCase()}`)
+  tracerMetrics.count(event, tags).inc()
 }
 
-/**
- * Warns if both DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE and specific inject/extract vars are set.
- */
-function warnIfPropagationStyleConflict (general, inject, extract) {
-  if (general && (inject || extract)) {
-    log.warn(
-      // eslint-disable-next-line @stylistic/max-len
-      'Use either the DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE environment variable or separate DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_INJECT and DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE_EXTRACT environment variables'
-    )
+function getFromOtelSamplerMap (otelTracesSampler, otelTracesSamplerArg) {
+  const OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_MAPPING = {
+    always_on: 1,
+    always_off: 0,
+    parentbased_always_on: 1,
+    parentbased_always_off: 0,
   }
-}
-
-function reformatSpanSamplingRules (rules) {
-  if (!rules) return rules
-  return rules.map(rule => {
-    return remapify(rule, {
-      sample_rate: 'sampleRate',
-      max_per_second: 'maxPerSecond',
-    })
-  })
-}
 
-function getDefaultPropagationStyle (options) {
-  // TODO: Remove the experimental env vars as a major?
-  const DD_TRACE_B3_ENABLED = options.experimental?.b3 ??
-    getEnv('DD_TRACE_EXPERIMENTAL_B3_ENABLED')
-  const defaultPropagationStyle = ['datadog', 'tracecontext']
-  if (isTrue(DD_TRACE_B3_ENABLED)) {
-    defaultPropagationStyle.push('b3', 'b3 single header')
+  const result = OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_MAPPING[otelTracesSampler] ?? otelTracesSamplerArg
+  if (result === undefined) {
+    increaseCounter('otel.env.invalid', 'DD_TRACE_SAMPLE_RATE', 'OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER')
   }
-  return defaultPropagationStyle
+  return result
 }
 
-function isCiVisibilityItrEnabled () {
-  return getEnv('DD_CIVISIBILITY_ITR_ENABLED') ?? true
-}
-
-function reformatTagsFromRC (samplingRules) {
-  for (const rule of (samplingRules || [])) {
-    if (rule.tags) {
-      const reformattedTags = {}
-      for (const tag of rule.tags) {
-        reformattedTags[tag.key] = tag.value_glob
+function warnWrongOtelSettings () {
+  // This mostly works for non-aliased environment variables only.
+  // TODO: Adjust this to work across all sources.
+  for (const [otelEnvVar, ddEnvVar, key] of [
+    // eslint-disable-next-line eslint-rules/eslint-env-aliases
+    ['OTEL_LOG_LEVEL', 'DD_TRACE_LOG_LEVEL', 'logLevel'],
+    // eslint-disable-next-line eslint-rules/eslint-env-aliases
+    ['OTEL_PROPAGATORS', 'DD_TRACE_PROPAGATION_STYLE'],
+    // eslint-disable-next-line eslint-rules/eslint-env-aliases
+    ['OTEL_SERVICE_NAME', 'DD_SERVICE', 'service'],
+    ['OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER', 'DD_TRACE_SAMPLE_RATE'],
+    ['OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG', 'DD_TRACE_SAMPLE_RATE'],
+    ['OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER', 'DD_TRACE_ENABLED'],
+    ['OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER', 'DD_RUNTIME_METRICS_ENABLED'],
+    ['OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES', 'DD_TAGS'],
+    ['OTEL_SDK_DISABLED', 'DD_TRACE_OTEL_ENABLED'],
+    ['OTEL_LOGS_EXPORTER'],
+  ]) {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line eslint-rules/eslint-process-env
+    const envs = process.env
+    const otelSource = trackedConfigOrigins.get(/** @type {ConfigPath} */ (key ?? otelEnvVar))
+    const otelEnvValue = envs[otelEnvVar]
+    if (otelEnvValue) {
+      if (envs[ddEnvVar]) {
+        log.warn('Conflicting %s and %s environment variables are set for %s', ddEnvVar, otelEnvVar, otelSource)
+        increaseCounter('otel.env.hiding', ddEnvVar, otelEnvVar)
       }
-      rule.tags = reformattedTags
-    }
-  }
-  return samplingRules
-}
-
-function setBoolean (obj, name, value) {
-  if (value === undefined || value === null) {
-    obj[name] = value
-  } else if (isTrue(value)) {
-    obj[name] = true
-  } else if (isFalse(value)) {
-    obj[name] = false
-  }
-}
-
-function setUnit (obj, name, value) {
-  if (value === null || value === undefined) {
-    obj[name] = value
-    return
-  }
-
-  value = Number.parseFloat(value)
-
-  if (!Number.isNaN(value)) {
-    // TODO: Ignore out of range values instead of normalizing them.
-    obj[name] = Math.min(Math.max(value, 0), 1)
-  }
-}
-
-function setArray (obj, name, value) {
-  if (value == null) {
-    obj[name] = null
-    return
-  }
-
-  if (typeof value === 'string') {
-    value = value.split(',').map(item => {
-      // Trim each item and remove whitespace around the colon
-      const [key, val] = item.split(':').map(part => part.trim())
-      return val === undefined ? key : `${key}:${val}`
-    })
-  }
 
-  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-    obj[name] = value
-  }
-}
-
-function setIntegerRangeSet (obj, name, value) {
-  if (value == null) {
-    obj[name] = null
-    return
-  }
-  value = value.split(',')
-  const result = []
-
-  for (const val of value) {
-    if (val.includes('-')) {
-      const [start, end] = val.split('-').map(Number)
-      for (let i = start; i <= end; i++) {
-        result.push(i)
+      // eslint-disable-next-line eslint-rules/eslint-env-aliases
+      const invalidOtelValue = otelEnvVar === 'OTEL_PROPAGATORS'
+        ? trackedConfigOrigins.get(/** @type {ConfigPath} */ ('tracePropagationStyle.inject')) !== otelSource &&
+          !envs[ddEnvVar]
+        : !otelSource
+      if (invalidOtelValue) {
+        increaseCounter('otel.env.invalid', ddEnvVar, otelEnvVar)
       }
-    } else {
-      result.push(Number(val))
     }
   }
-  obj[name] = result
-}
-
-function setSamplingRule (obj, name, value) {
-  if (value == null) {
-    obj[name] = null
-    return
-  }
-
-  if (typeof value === 'string') {
-    value = value.split(',')
-  }
-
-  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-    value = value.map(rule => {
-      return remapify(rule, {
-        sample_rate: 'sampleRate',
-      })
-    })
-    obj[name] = value
-  }
-}
-
-function setString (obj, name, value) {
-  obj[name] = value ? String(value) : undefined // unset for empty strings
-}
-
-function setTags (obj, name, value) {
-  if (!value || Object.keys(value).length === 0) {
-    obj[name] = null
-    return
-  }
-
-  obj[name] = value
-}
-
-function handleOtel (tagString) {
-  return tagString
-    ?.replace(/(^|,)deployment\.environment=/, '$1env:')
-    .replace(/(^|,)service\.name=/, '$1service:')
-    .replace(/(^|,)service\.version=/, '$1version:')
-    .replaceAll('=', ':')
-}
-
-function parseSpaceSeparatedTags (tagString) {
-  if (tagString && !tagString.includes(',')) {
-    tagString = tagString.replaceAll(/\s+/g, ',')
-  }
-  return tagString
-}
-
-function maybeInt (number) {
-  const parsed = Number.parseInt(number)
-  return Number.isNaN(parsed) ? undefined : parsed
-}
-
-function maybeFloat (number) {
-  const parsed = Number.parseFloat(number)
-  return Number.isNaN(parsed) ? undefined : parsed
-}
-
-function nonNegInt (value, envVarName, allowZero = true) {
-  if (value === undefined) return
-  const parsed = Number.parseInt(value)
-  if (Number.isNaN(parsed) || parsed < 0 || (parsed === 0 && !allowZero)) {
-    log.warn('Invalid value %d for %s. Using default value.', parsed, envVarName)
-    return
-  }
-  return parsed
-}
-
-function getAgentUrl (url, options) {
-  if (url) return new URL(url)
-
-  if (os.type() === 'Windows_NT') return
-
-  if (
-    !options.hostname &&
-    !options.port &&
-    !getEnv('DD_AGENT_HOST') &&
-    !getEnv('DD_TRACE_AGENT_PORT') &&
-    !isTrue(getEnv('DD_CIVISIBILITY_AGENTLESS_ENABLED')) &&
-    fs.existsSync('/var/run/datadog/apm.socket')
-  ) {
-    return new URL('unix:///var/run/datadog/apm.socket')
-  }
 }
 
+/**
+ * @param {TracerOptions} [options]
+ */
 function getConfig (options) {
   if (!configInstance) {
     configInstance = new Config(options)