dataply 0.0.26-alpha.10 → 0.0.26-alpha.12

package/dist/cjs/index.js

@@ -2191,13 +2191,7 @@ function insertOp(ops, ctx, key, value, comparator) {
 }
 function deleteEntry(ops, ctx, node, key, comparator) {
   if (!node.leaf) {
-    let keyIndex = -1;
-    for (let i = 0, len = node.keys.length; i < len; i++) {
-      if (node.keys[i] === key) {
-        keyIndex = i;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
+    let keyIndex = node.keys.indexOf(key);
     if (keyIndex !== -1) {
       node = cloneNode(node);
       node.keys.splice(keyIndex, 1);
@@ -2236,17 +2230,15 @@ function deleteEntry(ops, ctx, node, key, comparator) {
     let nextNode = null;
     let prevValue = null;
     let postValue = null;
-    for (let i = 0, len = parentNode.keys.length; i < len; i++) {
-      const nKey = parentNode.keys[i];
-      if (nKey === node.id) {
-        if (i > 0) {
-          prevNode = ops.getNode(parentNode.keys[i - 1]);
-          prevValue = parentNode.values[i - 1];
-        }
-        if (i < parentNode.keys.length - 1) {
-          nextNode = ops.getNode(parentNode.keys[i + 1]);
-          postValue = parentNode.values[i];
-        }
+    let keyIndex = parentNode.keys.indexOf(node.id);
+    if (keyIndex !== -1) {
+      if (keyIndex > 0) {
+        prevNode = ops.getNode(parentNode.keys[keyIndex - 1]);
+        prevValue = parentNode.values[keyIndex - 1];
+      }
+      if (keyIndex < parentNode.keys.length - 1) {
+        nextNode = ops.getNode(parentNode.keys[keyIndex + 1]);
+        postValue = parentNode.values[keyIndex];
       }
     }
     let siblingNode;
@@ -2279,7 +2271,7 @@ function deleteEntry(ops, ctx, node, key, comparator) {
         siblingNode = node;
         node = pTemp;
       }
-      siblingNode.keys.push(...node.keys);
+      siblingNode.keys = siblingNode.keys.concat(node.keys);
       if (!node.leaf) {
         siblingNode.values.push(guess);
       } else {
@@ -2290,7 +2282,7 @@ function deleteEntry(ops, ctx, node, key, comparator) {
           ops.updateNode(n);
         }
       }
-      siblingNode.values.push(...node.values);
+      siblingNode.values = siblingNode.values.concat(node.values);
       if (!siblingNode.leaf) {
         const keys = siblingNode.keys;
         for (let i = 0, len = keys.length; i < len; i++) {
@@ -2338,8 +2330,8 @@ function deleteEntry(ops, ctx, node, key, comparator) {
         if (!node.leaf) {
           pointerP0 = siblingNode.keys.splice(0, 1)[0];
           pointerK0 = siblingNode.values.splice(0, 1)[0];
-          node.keys = [...node.keys, pointerP0];
-          node.values = [...node.values, guess];
+          node.keys = node.keys.concat(pointerP0);
+          node.values = node.values.concat(guess);
           parentNode = cloneNode(ops.getNode(node.parent));
           const pointerIndex = parentNode.keys.indexOf(siblingNode.id);
           if (pointerIndex > 0) {
@@ -2349,8 +2341,8 @@ function deleteEntry(ops, ctx, node, key, comparator) {
         } else {
           pointerP0 = siblingNode.keys.splice(0, 1)[0];
           pointerK0 = siblingNode.values.splice(0, 1)[0];
-          node.keys = [...node.keys, pointerP0];
-          node.values = [...node.values, pointerK0];
+          node.keys = node.keys.concat(pointerP0);
+          node.values = node.values.concat(pointerK0);
           parentNode = cloneNode(ops.getNode(node.parent));
           const pointerIndex = parentNode.keys.indexOf(siblingNode.id);
           if (pointerIndex > 0) {
@@ -4221,13 +4213,7 @@ async function insertOpAsync(ops, ctx, key, value, comparator) {
 }
 async function deleteEntryAsync(ops, ctx, node, key, comparator) {
   if (!node.leaf) {
-    let keyIndex = -1;
-    for (let i = 0, len = node.keys.length; i < len; i++) {
-      if (node.keys[i] === key) {
-        keyIndex = i;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
+    let keyIndex = node.keys.indexOf(key);
     if (keyIndex !== -1) {
       node = cloneNode(node);
       node.keys.splice(keyIndex, 1);
@@ -4256,16 +4242,15 @@ async function deleteEntryAsync(ops, ctx, node, key, comparator) {
     let nextNode = null;
     let prevValue = null;
     let postValue = null;
-    for (let i = 0, len = parentNode.keys.length; i < len; i++) {
-      if (parentNode.keys[i] === node.id) {
-        if (i > 0) {
-          prevNode = await ops.getNode(parentNode.keys[i - 1]);
-          prevValue = parentNode.values[i - 1];
-        }
-        if (i < parentNode.keys.length - 1) {
-          nextNode = await ops.getNode(parentNode.keys[i + 1]);
-          postValue = parentNode.values[i];
-        }
+    let keyIndex = parentNode.keys.indexOf(node.id);
+    if (keyIndex !== -1) {
+      if (keyIndex > 0) {
+        prevNode = await ops.getNode(parentNode.keys[keyIndex - 1]);
+        prevValue = parentNode.values[keyIndex - 1];
+      }
+      if (keyIndex < parentNode.keys.length - 1) {
+        nextNode = await ops.getNode(parentNode.keys[keyIndex + 1]);
+        postValue = parentNode.values[keyIndex];
       }
     }
     let siblingNode;
@@ -4292,11 +4277,11 @@ async function deleteEntryAsync(ops, ctx, node, key, comparator) {
     siblingNode = cloneNode(siblingNode);
     if (node.values.length + siblingNode.values.length < ctx.order) {
       if (!isPredecessor) {
-        const t = siblingNode;
+        const pTemp = siblingNode;
         siblingNode = node;
-        node = t;
+        node = pTemp;
       }
-      siblingNode.keys.push(...node.keys);
+      siblingNode.keys = siblingNode.keys.concat(node.keys);
       if (!node.leaf) {
         siblingNode.values.push(guess);
       } else {
@@ -4307,7 +4292,7 @@ async function deleteEntryAsync(ops, ctx, node, key, comparator) {
           await ops.updateNode(n);
         }
       }
-      siblingNode.values.push(...node.values);
+      siblingNode.values = siblingNode.values.concat(node.values);
       if (!siblingNode.leaf) {
         for (let i = 0, len = siblingNode.keys.length; i < len; i++) {
           const n = cloneNode(await ops.getNode(siblingNode.keys[i]));
@@ -4351,8 +4336,8 @@ async function deleteEntryAsync(ops, ctx, node, key, comparator) {
         if (!node.leaf) {
           pointerP0 = siblingNode.keys.splice(0, 1)[0];
           pointerK0 = siblingNode.values.splice(0, 1)[0];
-          node.keys = [...node.keys, pointerP0];
-          node.values = [...node.values, guess];
+          node.keys = node.keys.concat(pointerP0);
+          node.values = node.values.concat(guess);
           parentNode = cloneNode(await ops.getNode(node.parent));
           const pi = parentNode.keys.indexOf(siblingNode.id);
           if (pi > 0) {
@@ -4362,8 +4347,8 @@ async function deleteEntryAsync(ops, ctx, node, key, comparator) {
         } else {
           pointerP0 = siblingNode.keys.splice(0, 1)[0];
           pointerK0 = siblingNode.values.splice(0, 1)[0];
-          node.keys = [...node.keys, pointerP0];
-          node.values = [...node.values, pointerK0];
+          node.keys = node.keys.concat(pointerP0);
+          node.values = node.values.concat(pointerK0);
           parentNode = cloneNode(await ops.getNode(node.parent));
           const pi = parentNode.keys.indexOf(siblingNode.id);
           if (pi > 0) {
@@ -5023,9 +5008,14 @@ var BPTreePureSync = class {
   }
   _createReadOps() {
     const strategy = this.strategy;
+    const readBuffer = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
     return {
       getNode(id) {
-        return strategy.read(id);
+        const buffered = readBuffer.get(id);
+        if (buffered) return buffered;
+        const node = strategy.read(id);
+        readBuffer.set(id, node);
+        return node;
       },
       createNode(leaf, keys, values, parent = null, next = null, prev = null) {
         const id = strategy.id(leaf);
@@ -5045,6 +5035,7 @@ var BPTreePureSync = class {
   }
   _createBufferedOps() {
     const strategy = this.strategy;
+    const readBuffer = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
     const writeBuffer = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
     const deleteBuffer = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
     let headBuffer = null;
@@ -5052,7 +5043,11 @@ var BPTreePureSync = class {
       getNode(id) {
         const buffered = writeBuffer.get(id);
         if (buffered) return buffered;
-        return strategy.read(id);
+        const read = readBuffer.get(id);
+        if (read) return read;
+        const node = strategy.read(id);
+        readBuffer.set(id, node);
+        return node;
       },
       createNode(leaf, keys, values, parent = null, next = null, prev = null) {
         const id = strategy.id(leaf);
@@ -5085,6 +5080,10 @@ var BPTreePureSync = class {
       if (headBuffer) {
         strategy.writeHead(headBuffer);
       }
+      readBuffer.clear();
+      writeBuffer.clear();
+      deleteBuffer.clear();
+      headBuffer = null;
     }
     return { ops, flush };
   }
@@ -5266,9 +5265,14 @@ var BPTreePureAsync = class {
   }
   _createReadOps() {
     const strategy = this.strategy;
+    const readBuffer = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
     return {
       async getNode(id) {
-        return await strategy.read(id);
+        const buffered = readBuffer.get(id);
+        if (buffered) return buffered;
+        const node = await strategy.read(id);
+        readBuffer.set(id, node);
+        return node;
       },
       async createNode(leaf, keys, values, parent = null, next = null, prev = null) {
         const id = await strategy.id(leaf);
@@ -5288,6 +5292,7 @@ var BPTreePureAsync = class {
   }
   _createBufferedOps() {
     const strategy = this.strategy;
+    const readBuffer = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
     const writeBuffer = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
     const deleteBuffer = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
     let headBuffer = null;
@@ -5295,7 +5300,11 @@ var BPTreePureAsync = class {
       async getNode(id) {
         const buffered = writeBuffer.get(id);
         if (buffered) return buffered;
-        return await strategy.read(id);
+        const read = readBuffer.get(id);
+        if (read) return read;
+        const node = await strategy.read(id);
+        readBuffer.set(id, node);
+        return node;
       },
       async createNode(leaf, keys, values, parent = null, next = null, prev = null) {
         const id = await strategy.id(leaf);
@@ -5328,6 +5337,10 @@ var BPTreePureAsync = class {
       if (headBuffer) {
         await strategy.writeHead(headBuffer);
       }
+      readBuffer.clear();
+      writeBuffer.clear();
+      deleteBuffer.clear();
+      headBuffer = null;
     }
     return { ops, flush };
   }
@@ -9916,7 +9929,7 @@ var PageFileSystem = class {
    * @param tx Transaction
    */
   async updateBitmap(pageId, isFree, tx) {
-    const metadata = await this.getMetadata(tx);
+    const metadata = await this.getMetadata(false, tx);
     const metadataManager = this.pageFactory.getManager(metadata);
     const bitmapPageId = metadataManager.getBitmapPageId(metadata);
     const headerSize = PageManager.CONSTANT.SIZE_PAGE_HEADER;
@@ -9924,7 +9937,7 @@ var PageFileSystem = class {
     let currentBitmapPageId = bitmapPageId;
     let targetBitIndex = pageId;
     while (targetBitIndex >= capacityPerBitmapPage) {
-      const currentBitmapPage = await this.get(currentBitmapPageId, tx);
+      const currentBitmapPage = await this.get(currentBitmapPageId, true, tx);
       const manager = this.pageFactory.getManager(currentBitmapPage);
       targetBitIndex -= capacityPerBitmapPage;
       const nextPageId = manager.getNextPageId(currentBitmapPage);
@@ -9941,7 +9954,7 @@ var PageFileSystem = class {
       }
     }
     await tx.__acquireWriteLock(currentBitmapPageId);
-    const targetBitmapPage = await this.get(currentBitmapPageId, tx);
+    const targetBitmapPage = await this.get(currentBitmapPageId, true, tx);
     const bitmapManager = this.pageFactory.getManager(targetBitmapPage);
     bitmapManager.setBit(targetBitmapPage, targetBitIndex, isFree);
     await this.setPage(currentBitmapPageId, targetBitmapPage, tx);
@@ -9960,20 +9973,22 @@ var PageFileSystem = class {
   }
   /**
    * @param pageIndex 페이지 인덱스
+   * @param copy Copy-on-Read
    * @param tx 트랜잭션
    * @returns 페이지 버퍼
    */
-  async get(pageIndex, tx) {
-    return tx.__readPage(pageIndex);
+  async get(pageIndex, copy, tx) {
+    return tx.__readPage(pageIndex, copy);
   }
   /**
    * Reads the page header.
    * @param pageIndex Page index
+   * @param copy Copy-on-Read
    * @param tx Transaction
    * @returns Page header buffer
    */
-  async getHeader(pageIndex, tx) {
-    const page = await this.get(pageIndex, tx);
+  async getHeader(pageIndex, copy, tx) {
+    const page = await this.get(pageIndex, copy, tx);
     return page.subarray(0, PageManager.CONSTANT.SIZE_PAGE_HEADER);
   }
   /**
@@ -9984,7 +9999,7 @@ var PageFileSystem = class {
    * @returns Page body buffer
    */
   async getBody(pageIndex, recursive = false, tx) {
-    const page = await this.get(pageIndex, tx);
+    const page = await this.get(pageIndex, false, tx);
     const manager = this.pageFactory.getManager(page);
     const fullBody = manager.getBody(page);
     if (!recursive) {
@@ -10002,11 +10017,12 @@ var PageFileSystem = class {
   }
   /**
    * Returns the metadata page.
+   * @param copy Copy-on-Read
    * @param tx Transaction
    * @returns Metadata page
    */
-  async getMetadata(tx) {
-    const page = await this.get(0, tx);
+  async getMetadata(copy, tx) {
+    const page = await this.get(0, copy, tx);
     if (!MetadataPageManager.IsMetadataPage(page)) {
       throw new Error("Invalid metadata page");
     }
@@ -10018,20 +10034,21 @@ var PageFileSystem = class {
    * @returns Number of pages
    */
   async getPageCount(tx) {
-    const metadata = await this.getMetadata(tx);
+    const metadata = await this.getMetadata(false, tx);
     const manager = this.pageFactory.getManager(metadata);
     return manager.getPageCount(metadata);
   }
   /**
    * Returns the root index page.
+   * @param copy Copy-on-Read
    * @param tx Transaction
    * @returns Root index page
    */
-  async getRootIndex(tx) {
-    const metadata = await this.getMetadata(tx);
+  async getRootIndex(copy, tx) {
+    const metadata = await this.getMetadata(false, tx);
     const manager = this.pageFactory.getManager(metadata);
     const rootIndexPageId = manager.getRootIndexPageId(metadata);
-    const rootIndexPage = await this.get(rootIndexPageId, tx);
+    const rootIndexPage = await this.get(rootIndexPageId, copy, tx);
     if (!IndexPageManager.IsIndexPage(rootIndexPage)) {
       throw new Error("Invalid root index page");
     }
@@ -10066,12 +10083,12 @@ var PageFileSystem = class {
   async appendNewPage(pageType = PageManager.CONSTANT.PAGE_TYPE_EMPTY, tx) {
     this.logger.debug(`Appending new page of type ${pageType}`);
     await tx.__acquireWriteLock(0);
-    const metadata = await this.getMetadata(tx);
+    const metadata = await this.getMetadata(true, tx);
     const metadataManager = this.pageFactory.getManager(metadata);
     const freePageId = metadataManager.getFreePageId(metadata);
     if (freePageId !== -1) {
       const reusedPageId = freePageId;
-      const reusedPage = await this.get(reusedPageId, tx);
+      const reusedPage = await this.get(reusedPageId, false, tx);
       const reusedPageManager = this.pageFactory.getManager(reusedPage);
       const nextFreePageId = reusedPageManager.getNextPageId(reusedPage);
       metadataManager.setFreePageId(metadata, nextFreePageId);
@@ -10116,7 +10133,7 @@ var PageFileSystem = class {
     let currentOffset = offset;
     let dataOffset = 0;
     while (dataOffset < data.length) {
-      const page = await this.get(currentPageId, tx);
+      const page = await this.get(currentPageId, true, tx);
       const manager = this.pageFactory.getManager(page);
       const bodyStart = PageManager.CONSTANT.SIZE_PAGE_HEADER;
       const bodySize = this.pageSize - bodyStart;
@@ -10176,7 +10193,7 @@ var PageFileSystem = class {
         break;
       }
       visited.add(currentPageId);
-      const page = await this.get(currentPageId, tx);
+      const page = await this.get(currentPageId, false, tx);
       const nextPageId = this.pageFactory.getManager(page).getNextPageId(page);
       await this.setFreePage(currentPageId, tx);
       currentPageId = nextPageId;
@@ -10192,7 +10209,7 @@ var PageFileSystem = class {
     if (pageId <= 0) return;
     await tx.__acquireWriteLock(0);
     await tx.__acquireWriteLock(pageId);
-    const metadata = await this.getMetadata(tx);
+    const metadata = await this.getMetadata(true, tx);
     const metadataManager = this.pageFactory.getManager(metadata);
     const currentHeadFreePageId = metadataManager.getFreePageId(metadata);
     const emptyPageManager = this.pageFactory.getManagerFromType(PageManager.CONSTANT.PAGE_TYPE_EMPTY);
@@ -10275,12 +10292,12 @@ var RowIdentifierStrategy = class extends SerializeStrategyAsync {
   async id(isLeaf) {
     const tx = this.txContext.get();
     await tx.__acquireWriteLock(0);
-    const metadata = await this.pfs.getMetadata(tx);
+    const metadata = await this.pfs.getMetadata(true, tx);
     const metadataManager = this.factory.getManager(metadata);
     const freePageId = metadataManager.getFreePageId(metadata);
     let pageId;
     if (freePageId !== -1) {
-      const freePage = await this.pfs.get(freePageId, tx);
+      const freePage = await this.pfs.get(freePageId, false, tx);
       const freePageManager = this.factory.getManager(freePage);
       const nextFreePageId = freePageManager.getNextPageId(freePage);
       metadataManager.setFreePageId(metadata, nextFreePageId);
@@ -10296,7 +10313,7 @@ var RowIdentifierStrategy = class extends SerializeStrategyAsync {
   async read(id) {
     const tx = this.txContext.get();
     const pageId = +id;
-    const page = await this.pfs.get(pageId, tx);
+    const page = await this.pfs.get(pageId, false, tx);
     if (!IndexPageManager.IsIndexPage(page)) {
       throw new Error(`Node ${id} does not exist - not a valid index page`);
     }
@@ -10331,7 +10348,7 @@ var RowIdentifierStrategy = class extends SerializeStrategyAsync {
   async write(id, node) {
     const tx = this.txContext.get();
     const pageId = +id;
-    let page = await this.pfs.get(pageId, tx);
+    let page = await this.pfs.get(pageId, true, tx);
     if (!IndexPageManager.IsIndexPage(page)) {
       page = this.indexPageManger.create(this.pfs.pageSize, pageId);
     }
@@ -10379,7 +10396,7 @@ var RowIdentifierStrategy = class extends SerializeStrategyAsync {
   }
   async readHead() {
     const tx = this.txContext.get();
-    const metadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(tx);
+    const metadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(false, tx);
     const manager = this.factory.getManager(metadataPage);
     const rootIndexPageId = manager.getRootIndexPageId(metadataPage);
     if (rootIndexPageId === -1) {
@@ -10399,7 +10416,7 @@ var RowIdentifierStrategy = class extends SerializeStrategyAsync {
     if (root === null) {
       throw new Error("");
     }
-    const metadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(tx);
+    const metadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(true, tx);
     const manager = this.factory.getManager(metadataPage);
     manager.setRootIndexPageId(metadataPage, +root);
     manager.setRootIndexOrder(metadataPage, order);
@@ -10560,7 +10577,7 @@ var RowTableEngine = class {
     if (!this.initialized) {
       throw new Error("RowTableEngine instance is not initialized");
     }
-    const metadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(tx);
+    const metadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(false, tx);
     const manager = this.factory.getManagerFromType(MetadataPageManager.CONSTANT.PAGE_TYPE_METADATA);
     const pageSize = manager.getPageSize(metadataPage);
     const pageCount = manager.getPageCount(metadataPage);
@@ -10588,10 +10605,10 @@ var RowTableEngine = class {
     }
     await tx.__acquireWriteLock(0);
     const pks = [];
-    const metadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(tx);
+    const metadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(false, tx);
     let lastPk = this.metadataPageManager.getLastRowPk(metadataPage);
     let lastInsertDataPageId = this.metadataPageManager.getLastInsertPageId(metadataPage);
-    let lastInsertDataPage = await this.pfs.get(lastInsertDataPageId, tx);
+    let lastInsertDataPage = await this.pfs.get(lastInsertDataPageId, true, tx);
     if (!this.factory.isDataPage(lastInsertDataPage)) {
       throw new Error(`Last insert page is not data page`);
     }
@@ -10613,7 +10630,7 @@ var RowTableEngine = class {
           await this.pfs.setPage(lastInsertDataPageId, lastInsertDataPage, tx);
         } else {
           const newPageId = await this.pfs.appendNewPage(this.dataPageManager.pageType, tx);
-          const newPage = await this.pfs.get(newPageId, tx);
+          const newPage = await this.pfs.get(newPageId, true, tx);
           this.dataPageManager.insert(newPage, row);
           this.setRID(newPageId, 0);
           lastInsertDataPageId = newPageId;
@@ -10628,7 +10645,7 @@ var RowTableEngine = class {
         this.rowManager.setBody(row, data);
         if (slotIndex === -1) {
           const newPageId = await this.pfs.appendNewPage(this.dataPageManager.pageType, tx);
-          const newPage = await this.pfs.get(newPageId, tx);
+          const newPage = await this.pfs.get(newPageId, true, tx);
           this.dataPageManager.insert(newPage, row);
           this.setRID(newPageId, 0);
           lastInsertDataPageId = newPageId;
@@ -10644,7 +10661,7 @@ var RowTableEngine = class {
       pks.push(pk);
     }
     await this.bptree.batchInsert(batchInsertData);
-    const freshMetadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(tx);
+    const freshMetadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(true, tx);
     this.metadataPageManager.setLastInsertPageId(freshMetadataPage, lastInsertDataPageId);
     this.metadataPageManager.setLastRowPk(freshMetadataPage, lastPk);
     if (incrementRowCount) {
@@ -10690,7 +10707,7 @@ var RowTableEngine = class {
     this.keyManager.setBufferFromKey(rid, this.ridBuffer);
     const pageId = this.keyManager.getPageId(this.ridBuffer);
     const slotIndex = this.keyManager.getSlotIndex(this.ridBuffer);
-    const page = await this.pfs.get(pageId, tx);
+    const page = await this.pfs.get(pageId, true, tx);
     if (!this.factory.isDataPage(page)) {
       throw new Error(`RID not found for PK: ${pk}`);
     }
@@ -10726,22 +10743,22 @@ var RowTableEngine = class {
     this.rowManager.setBodySize(newRow, newBodySize);
     this.rowManager.setBody(newRow, data);
     await tx.__acquireWriteLock(0);
-    const metadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(tx);
+    const metadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(false, tx);
     let lastInsertDataPageId = this.metadataPageManager.getLastInsertPageId(metadataPage);
-    let lastInsertDataPage = await this.pfs.get(lastInsertDataPageId, tx);
+    let lastInsertDataPage = await this.pfs.get(lastInsertDataPageId, true, tx);
     if (!this.factory.isDataPage(lastInsertDataPage)) {
       throw new Error("Last insert page is not data page");
     }
     let newSlotIndex = this.dataPageManager.getNextSlotIndex(lastInsertDataPage, newRow);
     if (newSlotIndex === -1) {
       const newPageId = await this.pfs.appendNewPage(this.dataPageManager.pageType, tx);
-      lastInsertDataPage = await this.pfs.get(newPageId, tx);
+      lastInsertDataPage = await this.pfs.get(newPageId, true, tx);
       lastInsertDataPageId = newPageId;
       newSlotIndex = 0;
     }
     this.dataPageManager.insert(lastInsertDataPage, newRow);
     await this.pfs.setPage(lastInsertDataPageId, lastInsertDataPage, tx);
-    const targetPage = await this.pfs.get(pageId, tx);
+    const targetPage = await this.pfs.get(pageId, true, tx);
     if (!this.factory.isDataPage(targetPage)) {
       throw new Error("Target page is not data page");
     }
@@ -10754,7 +10771,7 @@ var RowTableEngine = class {
     const newRidNumeric = this.getRID();
     await this.bptree.delete(oldRidNumeric, pk);
     await this.bptree.insert(newRidNumeric, pk);
-    const freshMetadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(tx);
+    const freshMetadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(true, tx);
     this.metadataPageManager.setLastInsertPageId(freshMetadataPage, lastInsertDataPageId);
     await this.pfs.setMetadata(freshMetadataPage, tx);
   }
@@ -10774,7 +10791,7 @@ var RowTableEngine = class {
     this.keyManager.setBufferFromKey(rid, this.ridBuffer);
     const pageId = this.keyManager.getPageId(this.ridBuffer);
     const slotIndex = this.keyManager.getSlotIndex(this.ridBuffer);
-    const page = await this.pfs.get(pageId, tx);
+    const page = await this.pfs.get(pageId, true, tx);
     if (!this.factory.isDataPage(page)) {
       throw new Error(`RID not found for PK: ${pk}`);
     }
@@ -10790,14 +10807,14 @@ var RowTableEngine = class {
     await this.pfs.setPage(pageId, page, tx);
     await this.bptree.delete(rid, pk);
     if (decrementRowCount) {
-      const metadataPage2 = await this.pfs.getMetadata(tx);
+      const metadataPage2 = await this.pfs.getMetadata(true, tx);
       const currentRowCount = this.metadataPageManager.getRowCount(metadataPage2);
       this.metadataPageManager.setRowCount(metadataPage2, currentRowCount - 1);
       await this.pfs.setMetadata(metadataPage2, tx);
     }
     const insertedRowCount = this.dataPageManager.getInsertedRowCount(page);
     let allDeleted = true;
-    const metadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(tx);
+    const metadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(false, tx);
     const lastInsertPageId = this.metadataPageManager.getLastInsertPageId(metadataPage);
     if (pageId === lastInsertPageId) {
       allDeleted = false;
@@ -10903,7 +10920,7 @@ var RowTableEngine = class {
     const sortedPageIds = Array.from(collections.keys()).sort((a, b) => a - b);
     await Promise.all(sortedPageIds.map(async (pageId) => {
       const items = collections.get(pageId);
-      const page = await this.pfs.get(pageId, tx);
+      const page = await this.pfs.get(pageId, false, tx);
       if (!this.factory.isDataPage(page)) {
         throw new Error(`Page ${pageId} is not a data page`);
       }
@@ -10928,7 +10945,7 @@ var RowTableEngine = class {
     this.keyManager.setBufferFromKey(rid, this.ridBuffer);
     const pageId = this.keyManager.getPageId(this.ridBuffer);
     const slotIndex = this.keyManager.getSlotIndex(this.ridBuffer);
-    const page = await this.pfs.get(pageId, tx);
+    const page = await this.pfs.get(pageId, false, tx);
     if (!this.factory.isDataPage(page)) {
       throw new Error(`RID not found for PK: ${pk}`);
     }
@@ -10938,7 +10955,7 @@ var RowTableEngine = class {
       return null;
     } else if (this.rowManager.getOverflowFlag(row)) {
       const overflowPageId = bytesToNumber(this.rowManager.getBody(row));
-      const overflowPage = await this.pfs.get(overflowPageId, tx);
+      const overflowPage = await this.pfs.get(overflowPageId, false, tx);
       if (!this.factory.isOverflowPage(overflowPage)) {
         throw new Error(`Overflow page not found for RID: ${rid}`);
       }
@@ -10952,7 +10969,7 @@ var RowTableEngine = class {
    * @returns Row count
    */
   async getRowCount(tx) {
-    const metadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(tx);
+    const metadataPage = await this.pfs.getMetadata(false, tx);
     return this.metadataPageManager.getRowCount(metadataPage);
   }
 };
@@ -11063,16 +11080,20 @@ var Transaction = class {
   /**
    * Reads a page through the MVCC transaction.
    * @param pageId Page ID
+   * @param copy Copy-on-Read
    * @returns Page data
    */
-  async __readPage(pageId) {
+  async __readPage(pageId, copy) {
     const data = await this.mvccTx.read(pageId);
     if (data === null) {
       return new Uint8Array(this.pfs.pageSize);
     }
-    const copy = new Uint8Array(data.length);
-    copy.set(data);
-    return copy;
+    if (copy) {
+      const copy2 = new Uint8Array(data.length);
+      copy2.set(data);
+      return copy2;
+    }
+    return data;
   }
   /**
    * Writes a page through the MVCC transaction.
@@ -11082,9 +11103,7 @@ var Transaction = class {
   async __writePage(pageId, data) {
     const exists = await this.mvccTx.exists(pageId);
     if (exists) {
-      const copy = new Uint8Array(data.length);
-      copy.set(data);
-      await this.mvccTx.write(pageId, copy);
+      await this.mvccTx.write(pageId, data);
     } else {
       await this.mvccTx.create(pageId, data);
     }
@@ -11490,7 +11509,7 @@ var DataplyAPI = class {
    * @returns The result of the callback.
    */
   async withWriteTransaction(callback, tx) {
-    this.logger.debug("Running with default write transaction");
+    this.logger.debug("Running with write transaction");
     if (!tx) {
       const release = await this.acquireWriteLock();
       const internalTx = this.createTransaction();
@@ -11514,7 +11533,7 @@ var DataplyAPI = class {
     return result;
   }
   async withReadTransaction(callback, tx) {
-    this.logger.debug("Running with default transaction");
+    this.logger.debug("Running with read transaction");
     const isInternalTx = !tx;
     if (!tx) {
       tx = this.createTransaction();

package/dist/types/core/PageFileSystem.d.ts

@@ -62,17 +62,19 @@ export declare class PageFileSystem {
     get strategy(): PageMVCCStrategy;
     /**
      * @param pageIndex 페이지 인덱스
+     * @param copy Copy-on-Read
      * @param tx 트랜잭션
      * @returns 페이지 버퍼
      */
-    get(pageIndex: number, tx: Transaction): Promise<Uint8Array>;
+    get(pageIndex: number, copy: boolean, tx: Transaction): Promise<Uint8Array>;
     /**
      * Reads the page header.
      * @param pageIndex Page index
+     * @param copy Copy-on-Read
      * @param tx Transaction
      * @returns Page header buffer
      */
-    getHeader(pageIndex: number, tx: Transaction): Promise<Uint8Array>;
+    getHeader(pageIndex: number, copy: boolean, tx: Transaction): Promise<Uint8Array>;
     /**
      * Reads the page body.
      * @param pageIndex Page index
@@ -83,10 +85,11 @@ export declare class PageFileSystem {
     getBody(pageIndex: number, recursive: boolean | undefined, tx: Transaction): Promise<Uint8Array>;
     /**
      * Returns the metadata page.
+     * @param copy Copy-on-Read
      * @param tx Transaction
      * @returns Metadata page
      */
-    getMetadata(tx: Transaction): Promise<MetadataPage>;
+    getMetadata(copy: boolean, tx: Transaction): Promise<MetadataPage>;
     /**
      * Returns the number of pages stored in the database.
      * @param tx Transaction
@@ -95,10 +98,11 @@ export declare class PageFileSystem {
     getPageCount(tx: Transaction): Promise<number>;
     /**
      * Returns the root index page.
+     * @param copy Copy-on-Read
      * @param tx Transaction
      * @returns Root index page
      */
-    getRootIndex(tx: Transaction): Promise<IndexPage>;
+    getRootIndex(copy: boolean, tx: Transaction): Promise<IndexPage>;
     /**
      * Sets the metadata page.
      * @param metadataPage Metadata page

package/dist/types/core/transaction/Transaction.d.ts

@@ -51,9 +51,10 @@ export declare class Transaction {
     /**
      * Reads a page through the MVCC transaction.
      * @param pageId Page ID
+     * @param copy Copy-on-Read
      * @returns Page data
      */
-    __readPage(pageId: number): Promise<Uint8Array>;
+    __readPage(pageId: number, copy: boolean): Promise<Uint8Array>;
     /**
      * Writes a page through the MVCC transaction.
      * @param pageId Page ID

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "dataply",
-  "version": "0.0.26-alpha.10",
+  "version": "0.0.26-alpha.12",
   "description": "A lightweight storage engine for Node.js with support for MVCC, WAL.",
   "license": "MIT",
   "author": "izure <admin@izure.org>",
@@ -49,6 +49,6 @@
     "hookall": "^2.2.0",
     "mvcc-api": "^1.3.7",
     "ryoiki": "^1.2.0",
-    "serializable-bptree": "^9.0.3"
+    "serializable-bptree": "^9.0.4-alpha.1"
   }
 }