data-structure-typed 2.5.3 → 2.6.1

package/src/data-structures/binary-tree/tree-multi-set.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
  * - Default iteration is expanded (each element yielded `count(x)` times)
  * - `delete(x)` removes one occurrence by default
  */
-
 import type { Comparator, TreeMultiSetOptions } from '../../types';
 import { ERR, raise } from '../../common';
 import { RedBlackTree } from './red-black-tree';
@@ -16,7 +15,6 @@ import { TreeSet } from './tree-set';
 export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   readonly #core: RedBlackTree<K, number>;
   readonly #isDefaultComparator: boolean;
-  private _size = 0; // total occurrences (sumCounts)
 
   /**
    * Creates a new TreeMultiSet.
@@ -35,43 +33,18 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
     const toElementFn = options.toElementFn;
     const comparator = options.comparator ?? TreeSet.createDefaultComparator<K>();
     this.#isDefaultComparator = options.comparator === undefined;
-    this.#core = new RedBlackTree<K, number>([], { comparator, isMapMode: options.isMapMode, enableOrderStatistic: options.enableOrderStatistic });
-
+    this.#core = new RedBlackTree<K, number>([], {
+      comparator,
+      isMapMode: options.isMapMode,
+      enableOrderStatistic: options.enableOrderStatistic
+    });
     for (const item of elements) {
       const k = toElementFn ? toElementFn(item as R) : (item as K);
       this.add(k);
     }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Validates the key against the default comparator rules.
-   * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-   */
-  private _validateKey(key: K): void {
-    if (!this.#isDefaultComparator) return;
-
-    if (typeof key === 'number') {
-      if (Number.isNaN(key)) raise(TypeError, ERR.invalidNaN('TreeMultiSet'));
-      return;
-    }
-
-    if (typeof key === 'string') return;
-
-    if (key instanceof Date) {
-      if (Number.isNaN(key.getTime())) raise(TypeError, ERR.invalidDate('TreeMultiSet'));
-      return;
-    }
-
-    raise(TypeError, ERR.comparatorRequired('TreeMultiSet'));
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Validates that count is a non-negative safe integer.
-   * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-   */
-  private _validateCount(n: number): void {
-    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(n) || n < 0) raise(RangeError, ERR.invalidArgument('count must be a safe integer >= 0.', 'TreeMultiSet'));
-  }
+  private _size = 0; // total occurrences (sumCounts)
 
   /**
    * Total occurrences (sumCounts).
@@ -84,231 +57,31 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Number of distinct keys.
    * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Unique key count
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1, 3);
- *       ms.add(2, 2);
- *       console.log(ms.distinctSize); // 2;
+   * @example
+   * // Unique key count
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1, 3);
+   *       ms.add(2, 2);
+   *       console.log(ms.distinctSize); // 2;
    */
   get distinctSize(): number {
     return this.#core.size;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Expose comparator for advanced usage/testing (read-only).
+   * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+   */
+  get comparator(): Comparator<K> {
+    return this.#core.comparator;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Whether the multiset is empty.
    * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Check empty
- *  console.log(new TreeMultiSet().isEmpty()); // true;
+   * @example
+   * // Check empty
+   *  console.log(new TreeMultiSet().isEmpty()); // true;
    */
   isEmpty(): boolean {
     return this.size === 0;
@@ -317,193 +90,12 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Whether the multiset contains the given key.
    * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Check existence
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1);
- *       console.log(ms.has(1)); // true;
- *       console.log(ms.has(2)); // false;
+   * @example
+   * // Check existence
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1);
+   *       console.log(ms.has(1)); // true;
+   *       console.log(ms.has(2)); // false;
    */
   has(key: K): boolean {
     this._validateKey(key);
@@ -513,41 +105,11 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Returns the count of occurrences for the given key.
    * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Get occurrence count
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1, 5);
- *       console.log(ms.count(1)); // 5;
+   * @example
+   * // Get occurrence count
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1, 5);
+   *       console.log(ms.count(1)); // 5;
    */
   count(key: K): number {
     this._validateKey(key);
@@ -558,192 +120,19 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
    * Add `n` occurrences of `key`.
    * @returns True if the multiset changed.
    * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Add elements
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1);
- *       ms.add(1);
- *       ms.add(2);
- *       console.log(ms.count(1)); // 2;
- *       console.log(ms.size); // 3;
+   * @example
+   * // Add elements
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1);
+   *       ms.add(1);
+   *       ms.add(2);
+   *       console.log(ms.count(1)); // 2;
+   *       console.log(ms.size); // 3;
    */
   add(key: K, n = 1): boolean {
     this._validateKey(key);
     this._validateCount(n);
     if (n === 0) return false;
-
     const old = this.#core.get(key) ?? 0;
     const next = old + n;
     this.#core.set(key, next);
@@ -755,55 +144,22 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
    * Set count for `key` to exactly `n`.
    * @returns True if changed.
    * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Set occurrence count
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.setCount(1, 3);
- *       console.log(ms.count(1)); // 3;
+   * @example
+   * // Set occurrence count
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.setCount(1, 3);
+   *       console.log(ms.count(1)); // 3;
    */
   setCount(key: K, n: number): boolean {
     this._validateKey(key);
     this._validateCount(n);
-
     const old = this.#core.get(key) ?? 0;
     if (old === n) return false;
-
     if (n === 0) {
       if (old !== 0) this.#core.delete(key);
     } else {
       this.#core.set(key, n);
     }
-
     this._size += n - old;
     return true;
   }
@@ -812,208 +168,23 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
    * Delete `n` occurrences of `key` (default 1).
    * @returns True if any occurrence was removed.
    * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Remove one occurrence
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1, 3);
- *       ms.delete(1);
- *       console.log(ms.count(1)); // 2;
+   * @example
+   * // Remove one occurrence
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1, 3);
+   *       ms.delete(1);
+   *       console.log(ms.count(1)); // 2;
    */
   delete(key: K, n = 1): boolean {
     this._validateKey(key);
     this._validateCount(n);
     if (n === 0) return false;
-
     const old = this.#core.get(key) ?? 0;
     if (old === 0) return false;
-
     const removed = Math.min(old, n);
     const next = old - removed;
-
     if (next === 0) this.#core.delete(key);
     else this.#core.set(key, next);
-
     this._size -= removed;
     return true;
   }
@@ -1022,42 +193,12 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
    * Delete all occurrences of the given key.
    * @returns True if any occurrence was removed.
    * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Remove all occurrences
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1, 3);
- *       ms.deleteAll(1);
- *       console.log(ms.has(1)); // false;
+   * @example
+   * // Remove all occurrences
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1, 3);
+   *       ms.deleteAll(1);
+   *       console.log(ms.has(1)); // false;
    */
   deleteAll(key: K): boolean {
     this._validateKey(key);
@@ -1071,42 +212,12 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Iterates over distinct keys (each key yielded once).
    * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Iterate unique keys
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1, 2);
- *       ms.add(2);
- *       console.log([...ms.keysDistinct()]); // [1, 2];
+   * @example
+   * // Iterate unique keys
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1, 2);
+   *       ms.add(2);
+   *       console.log([...ms.keysDistinct()]); // [1, 2];
    */
   *keysDistinct(): IterableIterator<K> {
     yield* this.#core.keys();
@@ -1115,189 +226,11 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Iterates over entries as [key, count] pairs.
    * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Iterate entries
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1, 2);
- *       console.log([...ms.entries()].length); // > 0;
+   * @example
+   * // Iterate entries
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1, 2);
+   *       console.log([...ms.entries()].length); // > 0;
    */
   *entries(): IterableIterator<[K, number]> {
     for (const [k, v] of this.#core) {
@@ -1315,193 +248,48 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Iterate over all elements with multiplicity (Set-compatible, alias for `[Symbol.iterator]`).
+   * @remarks Each key is yielded `count(key)` times. Time O(size), Space O(1) per step.
+   * @example
+   * // Iterate with multiplicity
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *     ms.add(1);
+   *     ms.add(1);
+   *     ms.add(2);
+   *     ms.add(3);
+   *     ms.add(3);
+   *     ms.add(3);
+   *     console.log([...ms.keys()]); // [1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3];
+   */
+  *keys(): IterableIterator<K> {
+    yield* this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Iterate over all elements with multiplicity (Set-compatible, alias for `[Symbol.iterator]`).
+   * @remarks Each key is yielded `count(key)` times. Time O(size), Space O(1) per step.
+   * @example
+   * // Iterate with multiplicity
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *     ms.add(5);
+   *     ms.add(5);
+   *     ms.add(10);
+   *     console.log([...ms.values()]); // [5, 5, 10];
+   */
+  *values(): IterableIterator<K> {
+    yield* this;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns an array with all elements (expanded).
    * @remarks Time O(size), Space O(size)
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-    * @example
- * // All elements (with duplicates)
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1, 2);
- *       ms.add(2);
- *       console.log(ms.toArray()); // [1, 1, 2];
+   * @example
+   * // All elements (with duplicates)
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1, 2);
+   *       ms.add(2);
+   *       console.log(ms.toArray()); // [1, 1, 2];
    */
   toArray(): K[] {
     return [...this];
@@ -1510,42 +298,12 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Returns an array with distinct keys only.
    * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(n)
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-    * @example
- * // Unique keys only
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1, 3);
- *       ms.add(2);
- *       console.log(ms.toDistinctArray()); // [1, 2];
+   * @example
+   * // Unique keys only
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1, 3);
+   *       ms.add(2);
+   *       console.log(ms.toDistinctArray()); // [1, 2];
    */
   toDistinctArray(): K[] {
     return [...this.keysDistinct()];
@@ -1554,384 +312,77 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Returns an array of [key, count] entries.
    * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(n)
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-    * @example
- * // Key-count pairs
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1, 2);
- *       ms.add(3);
- *       console.log(ms.toEntries()); // [[1, 2], [3, 1]];
+   * @example
+   * // Key-count pairs
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1, 2);
+   *       ms.add(3);
+   *       console.log(ms.toEntries()); // [
+   *  //        [1, 2],
+   *  //        [3, 1]
+   *  //      ];
    */
   toEntries(): Array<[K, number]> {
     return [...this.entries()];
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Expose comparator for advanced usage/testing (read-only).
-   * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
-   */
-  get comparator(): Comparator<K> {
-    return this.#core.comparator;
-  }
-
-  // ━━━ clear ━━━
-
   /**
    * Remove all elements from the multiset.
    * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Remove all
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1);
- *       ms.clear();
- *       console.log(ms.isEmpty()); // true;
+   * @example
+   * // Remove all
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1);
+   *       ms.clear();
+   *       console.log(ms.isEmpty()); // true;
    */
   clear(): void {
     this.#core.clear();
     this._size = 0;
   }
 
-  // ━━━ Navigable methods ━━━
-
   /**
    * Returns the smallest key, or undefined if empty.
    * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Smallest element
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(3);
- *       ms.add(1);
- *       console.log(ms.first()); // 1;
+   * @example
+   * // Smallest element
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(3);
+   *       ms.add(1);
+   *       console.log(ms.first()); // 1;
    */
   first(): K | undefined {
     return this.#core.getLeftMost();
   }
 
+  // ━━━ clear ━━━
+
   /**
    * Returns the largest key, or undefined if empty.
    * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Largest element
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1);
- *       ms.add(3);
- *       console.log(ms.last()); // 3;
+   * @example
+   * // Largest element
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1);
+   *       ms.add(3);
+   *       console.log(ms.last()); // 3;
    */
   last(): K | undefined {
     return this.#core.getRightMost();
   }
 
+  // ━━━ Navigable methods ━━━
+
   /**
    * Removes all occurrences of the smallest key and returns it.
    * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Remove and return smallest
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(2);
- *       ms.add(1);
- *       console.log(ms.pollFirst()); // 1;
- *       console.log(ms.has(1)); // false;
+   * @example
+   * // Remove and return smallest
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(2);
+   *       ms.add(1);
+   *       console.log(ms.pollFirst()); // 1;
+   *       console.log(ms.has(1)); // false;
    */
   pollFirst(): K | undefined {
     const key = this.first();
@@ -1943,43 +394,12 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Removes all occurrences of the largest key and returns it.
    * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Remove and return largest
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1);
- *       ms.add(3);
- *       console.log(ms.pollLast()); // 3;
+   * @example
+   * // Remove and return largest
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1);
+   *       ms.add(3);
+   *       console.log(ms.pollLast()); // 3;
    */
   pollLast(): K | undefined {
     const key = this.last();
@@ -1991,155 +411,13 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Returns the smallest key >= given key, or undefined.
    * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Least key ≥ target
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(10);
- *       ms.add(20);
- *       ms.add(30);
- *       console.log(ms.ceiling(15)); // 20;
+   * @example
+   * // Least key ≥ target
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(10);
+   *       ms.add(20);
+   *       ms.add(30);
+   *       console.log(ms.ceiling(15)); // 20;
    */
   ceiling(key: K): K | undefined {
     this._validateKey(key);
@@ -2149,155 +427,13 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Returns the largest key <= given key, or undefined.
    * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Greatest key ≤ target
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(10);
- *       ms.add(20);
- *       ms.add(30);
- *       console.log(ms.floor(25)); // 20;
+   * @example
+   * // Greatest key ≤ target
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(10);
+   *       ms.add(20);
+   *       ms.add(30);
+   *       console.log(ms.floor(25)); // 20;
    */
   floor(key: K): K | undefined {
     this._validateKey(key);
@@ -2307,154 +443,12 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Returns the smallest key > given key, or undefined.
    * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Least key > target
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(10);
- *       ms.add(20);
- *       console.log(ms.higher(10)); // 20;
+   * @example
+   * // Least key > target
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(10);
+   *       ms.add(20);
+   *       console.log(ms.higher(10)); // 20;
    */
   higher(key: K): K | undefined {
     this._validateKey(key);
@@ -2464,352 +458,32 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Returns the largest key < given key, or undefined.
    * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Greatest key < target
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(10);
- *       ms.add(20);
- *       console.log(ms.lower(20)); // 10;
+   * @example
+   * // Greatest key < target
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(10);
+   *       ms.add(20);
+   *       console.log(ms.lower(20)); // 10;
    */
   lower(key: K): K | undefined {
     this._validateKey(key);
     return this.#core.lower(key);
   }
 
-  // ━━━ Functional methods ━━━
-
   /**
    * Iterates over distinct keys with their counts.
    * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Iterate
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1, 2);
- *       ms.add(2);
- *       const pairs: [number, number][] = [];
- *       ms.forEach((k, c) => pairs.push([k, c]));
- *       console.log(pairs); // [[1, 2], [2, 1]];
+   * @example
+   * // Iterate
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1, 2);
+   *       ms.add(2);
+   *       const pairs: [number, number][] = [];
+   *       ms.forEach((k, c) => pairs.push([k, c]));
+   *       console.log(pairs); // [
+   *  //        [1, 2],
+   *  //        [2, 1]
+   *  //      ];
    */
   forEach(callback: (key: K, count: number) => void): void {
     for (const [k, c] of this.entries()) {
@@ -2820,193 +494,14 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Creates a new TreeMultiSet with entries that match the predicate.
    * @remarks Time O(n log n), Space O(n)
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-    * @example
- * // Filter
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1, 3);
- *       ms.add(2, 1);
- *       ms.add(3, 2);
- *       const filtered = ms.filter((k, c) => c > 1);
- *       console.log([...filtered.keysDistinct()]); // [1, 3];
+   * @example
+   * // Filter
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1, 3);
+   *       ms.add(2, 1);
+   *       ms.add(3, 2);
+   *       const filtered = ms.filter((k, c) => c > 1);
+   *       console.log([...filtered.keysDistinct()]); // [1, 3];
    */
   filter(predicate: (key: K, count: number) => boolean): TreeMultiSet<K> {
     const result = new TreeMultiSet<K>([], {
@@ -3021,195 +516,18 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
     return result;
   }
 
+  // ━━━ Functional methods ━━━
+
   /**
    * Reduces the multiset to a single value.
    * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
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-    * @example
- * // Aggregate
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1, 2);
- *       ms.add(2, 3);
- *       const sum = ms.reduce((acc, k, c) => acc + k * c, 0);
- *       console.log(sum); // 8;
+   * @example
+   * // Aggregate
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1, 2);
+   *       ms.add(2, 3);
+   *       const sum = ms.reduce((acc, k, c) => acc + k * c, 0);
+   *       console.log(sum); // 8;
    */
   reduce<U>(callback: (accumulator: U, key: K, count: number) => U, initialValue: U): U {
     let acc = initialValue;
@@ -3223,192 +541,13 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
    * Maps keys and counts to a new TreeMultiSet.
    * When multiple keys map to the same new key, counts are merged (added).
    * @remarks Time O(n log n), Space O(n)
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-    * @example
- * // Transform
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1, 2);
- *       ms.add(2, 3);
- *       const doubled = ms.map((k, c) => [k * 10, c] as [number, number]);
- *       console.log([...doubled.keysDistinct()]); // [10, 20];
+   * @example
+   * // Transform
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1, 2);
+   *       ms.add(2, 3);
+   *       const doubled = ms.map((k, c) => [k * 10, c] as [number, number]);
+   *       console.log([...doubled.keysDistinct()]); // [10, 20];
    */
   map<K2>(
     mapper: (key: K, count: number) => [K2, number],
@@ -3428,256 +567,62 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Creates an independent copy of this multiset.
    * @remarks Time O(n log n), Space O(n)
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-    * @example
- * // Order-statistic on BST
- *  const tree = new TreeMultiSet<number>([30, 10, 50, 20, 40], { enableOrderStatistic: true });
- *       console.log(tree.getByRank(0)); // 10;
- *       console.log(tree.getByRank(4)); // 50;
- *       console.log(tree.getRank(30)); // 2;
+   * @example
+   * // Order-statistic on BST
+   *  const tree = new TreeMultiSet<number>([30, 10, 50, 20, 40], { enableOrderStatistic: true });
+   *       console.log(tree.getByRank(0)); // 10;
+   *       console.log(tree.getByRank(4)); // 50;
+   *       console.log(tree.getRank(30)); // 2;
    */
   // ─── Order-Statistic Methods ───────────────────────────
-
   getByRank(k: number): K | undefined {
     return this.#core.getByRank(k);
   }
 
-    /**
+  /**
    * Get the rank of a key in sorted order
    * @example
- * // Get the rank of a key in sorted order
- *  const tree = new TreeMultiSet<number>(
- *         [10, 20, 30, 40, 50],
- *         { enableOrderStatistic: true }
- *       );
- *       console.log(tree.getRank(10)); // 0;  // smallest → rank 0
- *       console.log(tree.getRank(30)); // 2;  // 2 elements before 30 in tree order
- *       console.log(tree.getRank(50)); // 4;  // largest → rank 4
- *       console.log(tree.getRank(25)); // 2;
+   * // Get the rank of a key in sorted order
+   *  const tree = new TreeMultiSet<number>(
+   *         [10, 20, 30, 40, 50],
+   *         { enableOrderStatistic: true }
+   *       );
+   *       console.log(tree.getRank(10)); // 0;  // smallest → rank 0
+   *       console.log(tree.getRank(30)); // 2;  // 2 elements before 30 in tree order
+   *       console.log(tree.getRank(50)); // 4;  // largest → rank 4
+   *       console.log(tree.getRank(25)); // 2;
    */
   getRank(key: K): number {
     return this.#core.getRank(key);
   }
 
-    /**
+  /**
    * Get elements by rank range
-  
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-    * @example
- * // Pagination by position in tree order
- *  const tree = new TreeMultiSet<number>(
- *         [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90],
- *         { enableOrderStatistic: true }
- *       );
- *       const pageSize = 3;
- *
- *       // Page 1
- *       console.log(tree.rangeByRank(0, pageSize - 1)); // [10, 20, 30];
- *       // Page 2
- *       console.log(tree.rangeByRank(pageSize, 2 * pageSize - 1)); // [40, 50, 60];
- *       // Page 3
- *       console.log(tree.rangeByRank(2 * pageSize, 3 * pageSize - 1)); // [70, 80, 90];
+   * @example
+   * // Pagination by position in tree order
+   *  const tree = new TreeMultiSet<number>([10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90], { enableOrderStatistic: true });
+   *       const pageSize = 3;
+   *
+   *       // Page 1
+   *       console.log(tree.rangeByRank(0, pageSize - 1)); // [10, 20, 30];
+   *       // Page 2
+   *       console.log(tree.rangeByRank(pageSize, 2 * pageSize - 1)); // [40, 50, 60];
+   *       // Page 3
+   *       console.log(tree.rangeByRank(2 * pageSize, 3 * pageSize - 1)); // [70, 80, 90];
    */
   rangeByRank(start: number, end: number): K[] {
     return this.#core.rangeByRank(start, end).filter((k): k is K => k !== undefined);
   }
 
-    /**
+  /**
    * Deep copy
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-    * @example
- * // Deep clone
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1, 3);
- *       const copy = ms.clone();
- *       copy.deleteAll(1);
- *       console.log(ms.has(1)); // true;
+   * @example
+   * // Deep clone
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1, 3);
+   *       const copy = ms.clone();
+   *       copy.deleteAll(1);
+   *       console.log(ms.has(1)); // true;
    */
   clone(): TreeMultiSet<K> {
     const result = new TreeMultiSet<K>([], {
@@ -3690,166 +635,19 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
     return result;
   }
 
-  // ━━━ Tree utilities ━━━
-
   /**
    * Returns keys within the given range.
    * @remarks Time O(log n + k), Space O(k) where k is result size
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-    * @example
- * // Find in range
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(10);
- *       ms.add(20);
- *       ms.add(30);
- *       const result = ms.rangeSearch([15, 25]);
- *       console.log(result.length); // 1;
-   */
-  rangeSearch<C extends (key: K) => any>(
-    range: [K, K],
-    callback?: C
-  ): (C extends undefined ? K : ReturnType<C>)[] {
+   * @example
+   * // Find in range
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(10);
+   *       ms.add(20);
+   *       ms.add(30);
+   *       const result = ms.rangeSearch([15, 25]);
+   *       console.log(result.length); // 1;
+   */
+  rangeSearch<C extends (key: K) => any>(range: [K, K], callback?: C): (C extends undefined ? K : ReturnType<C>)[] {
     const cb = callback ?? ((k: K) => k);
     return this.#core.rangeSearch(range, node => cb(node.key));
   }
@@ -3857,192 +655,42 @@ export class TreeMultiSet<K = any, R = K> implements Iterable<K> {
   /**
    * Prints the internal tree structure (for debugging).
    * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(n)
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-    * @example
- * // Display
- *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
- *       ms.add(1);
- *       expect(() => ms.print()).not.toThrow();
+   * @example
+   * // Display
+   *  const ms = new TreeMultiSet<number>();
+   *       ms.add(1);
+   *       expect(() => ms.print()).not.toThrow();
    */
   print(): void {
     this.#core.print();
   }
+
+  // ━━━ Tree utilities ━━━
+
+  /**
+   * Validates the key against the default comparator rules.
+   * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+   */
+  private _validateKey(key: K): void {
+    if (!this.#isDefaultComparator) return;
+    if (typeof key === 'number') {
+      if (Number.isNaN(key)) raise(TypeError, ERR.invalidNaN('TreeMultiSet'));
+      return;
+    }
+    if (typeof key === 'string') return;
+    if (key instanceof Date) {
+      if (Number.isNaN(key.getTime())) raise(TypeError, ERR.invalidDate('TreeMultiSet'));
+      return;
+    }
+    raise(TypeError, ERR.comparatorRequired('TreeMultiSet'));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Validates that count is a non-negative safe integer.
+   * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+   */
+  private _validateCount(n: number): void {
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(n) || n < 0)
+      raise(RangeError, ERR.invalidArgument('count must be a safe integer >= 0.', 'TreeMultiSet'));
+  }
 }