data-structure-typed 1.52.5 → 1.52.7

package/dist/mjs/data-structures/binary-tree/binary-tree.js

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 /**
  * data-structure-typed
  *
- * @author Tyler Zeng
- * @copyright Copyright (c) 2022 Tyler Zeng <zrwusa@gmail.com>
+ * @author Pablo Zeng
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2022 Pablo Zeng <zrwusa@gmail.com>
  * @license MIT License
  */
-import { DFSOperation } from '../../types';
 import { isComparable, trampoline } from '../../utils';
 import { Queue } from '../queue';
 import { IterableEntryBase } from '../base';
+import { DFSOperation } from '../../constants';
 /**
  * Represents a node in a binary tree.
  * @template V - The type of data stored in the node.
@@ -18,32 +18,14 @@ export class BinaryTreeNode {
     key;
     value;
     parent;
-    /**
-     * The constructor function initializes an object with a key and an optional value.
-     * @param {K} key - The "key" parameter is of type K, which represents the type of the key for the
-     * constructor. It is used to set the key property of the object being created.
-     * @param {V} [value] - The "value" parameter is an optional parameter of type V. It represents the
-     * value associated with the key in the constructor.
-     */
     constructor(key, value) {
         this.key = key;
         this.value = value;
     }
     _left;
-    /**
-     * The function returns the value of the `_left` property, which can be of type `NODE`, `null`, or
-     * `undefined`.
-     * @returns The left node of the current node is being returned. It can be either a NODE object,
-     * null, or undefined.
-     */
     get left() {
         return this._left;
     }
-    /**
-     * The function sets the left child of a node and updates its parent reference.
-     * @param {OptBTNOrNull<NODE>} v - The parameter `v` can be of type `NODE`, `null`, or
-     * `undefined`.
-     */
     set left(v) {
         if (v) {
             v.parent = this;
@@ -51,29 +33,15 @@ export class BinaryTreeNode {
         this._left = v;
     }
     _right;
-    /**
-     * The function returns the right node of a binary tree or null if it doesn't exist.
-     * @returns The method is returning the value of the `_right` property, which can be a `NODE` object,
-     * `null`, or `undefined`.
-     */
     get right() {
         return this._right;
     }
-    /**
-     * The function sets the right child of a node and updates its parent.
-     * @param {OptBTNOrNull<NODE>} v - The parameter `v` can be of type `NODE`, `null`, or
-     * `undefined`.
-     */
     set right(v) {
         if (v) {
             v.parent = this;
         }
         this._right = v;
     }
-    /**
-     * Get the position of the node within its family.
-     * @returns {FamilyPosition} - The family position of the node.
-     */
     get familyPosition() {
         const that = this;
         if (!this.parent) {
@@ -98,15 +66,15 @@ export class BinaryTreeNode {
 export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     iterationType = 'ITERATIVE';
     /**
-     * The constructor function initializes a binary tree object with optional keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements and options.
-     * @param [keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements] - Optional iterable of BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry objects. These objects represent the
-     * nodes to be added to the binary tree.
-     * @param [options] - The `options` parameter is an optional object that can contain additional
-     * configuration options for the binary tree. In this case, it is of type
-     * `Partial<BinaryTreeOptions>`, which means that not all properties of `BinaryTreeOptions` are
-     * required.
+     * The constructor initializes a binary tree with optional options and adds keys, nodes, entries, or
+     * raw data if provided.
+     * @param keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRaws - The `keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRaws` parameter in the constructor
+     * is an iterable that can contain elements of type `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>` or `R`. It is
+     * initialized with an empty array `[]` by default.
+     * @param [options] - The `options` parameter in the constructor is an object that can contain the
+     * following properties:
      */
-    constructor(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements = [], options) {
+    constructor(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRaws = [], options) {
         super();
         if (options) {
             const { iterationType, toEntryFn } = options;
@@ -117,81 +85,76 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
             else if (toEntryFn)
                 throw TypeError('toEntryFn must be a function type');
         }
-        if (keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements)
-            this.addMany(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements);
+        if (keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRaws)
+            this.addMany(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRaws);
     }
     _root;
-    /**
-     * The function returns the root node, which can be of type NODE, null, or undefined.
-     * @returns The method is returning the value of the `_root` property, which can be of type `NODE`,
-     * `null`, or `undefined`.
-     */
     get root() {
         return this._root;
     }
     _size = 0;
-    /**
-     * The function returns the size of an object.
-     * @returns The size of the object, which is a number.
-     */
     get size() {
         return this._size;
     }
     _NIL = new BinaryTreeNode(NaN);
-    /**
-     * The function returns the value of the _NIL property.
-     * @returns The method is returning the value of the `_NIL` property.
-     */
     get NIL() {
         return this._NIL;
     }
     _toEntryFn;
-    /**
-     * The function returns the value of the _toEntryFn property.
-     * @returns The function being returned is `this._toEntryFn`.
-     */
     get toEntryFn() {
         return this._toEntryFn;
     }
     /**
-     * Creates a new instance of BinaryTreeNode with the given key and value.
-     * @param {K} key - The key for the new node.
-     * @param {V} value - The value for the new node.
-     * @returns {NODE} - The newly created BinaryTreeNode.
+     * The function creates a new binary tree node with a specified key and optional value.
+     * @param {K} key - The `key` parameter is the key of the node being created in the binary tree.
+     * @param {V} [value] - The `value` parameter in the `createNode` function is optional, meaning it is
+     * not required to be provided when calling the function. If a `value` is provided, it should be of
+     * type `V`, which is the type of the value associated with the node.
+     * @returns A new BinaryTreeNode instance with the provided key and value is being returned, casted
+     * as NODE.
      */
     createNode(key, value) {
         return new BinaryTreeNode(key, value);
     }
     /**
-     * The function creates a binary tree with the given options.
-     * @param [options] - The `options` parameter is an optional object that allows you to customize the
-     * behavior of the `BinaryTree` class. It is of type `Partial<BinaryTreeOptions>`, which means that
-     * you can provide only a subset of the properties defined in the `BinaryTreeOptions` interface.
-     * @returns a new instance of a binary tree.
+     * The function creates a binary tree with the specified options.
+     * @param [options] - The `options` parameter in the `createTree` function is an optional parameter
+     * that allows you to provide partial configuration options for creating a binary tree. It is of type
+     * `Partial<BinaryTreeOptions<K, V, R>>`, which means you can pass in an object containing a subset
+     * of properties
+     * @returns A new instance of a binary tree with the specified options is being returned.
      */
     createTree(options) {
-        return new BinaryTree([], { iterationType: this.iterationType, ...options });
+        return new BinaryTree([], {
+            iterationType: this.iterationType,
+            toEntryFn: this._toEntryFn,
+            ...options
+        });
     }
     /**
-     * The function `keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode` converts a key-value pair, entry, or raw element
-     * into a node object.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement - The parameter
-     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement` can be of type `R` or `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
-     * @param {V} [value] - The `value` parameter is an optional value that can be passed to the
-     * `keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode` function. It represents the value associated with a key in a
-     * key-value pair. If provided, it will be used to create a node with the specified key and value.
-     * @returns The function `keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode` returns either a `NODE` object, `null`,
-     * or `undefined`.
+     * The function `keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode` converts various input types into a node object
+     * or returns null.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw - The
+     * `keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode` function takes in a parameter `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw`, which
+     * can be of type `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>` or `R`. This parameter represents either a key, a
+     * node, an entry
+     * @param {V} [value] - The `value` parameter in the `keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode` function is
+     * an optional parameter of type `V`. It represents the value associated with the key in the node
+     * being created. If a `value` is provided, it will be used when creating the node. If
+     * @returns The `keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode` function returns an optional node
+     * (`OptBTNOrNull<NODE>`) based on the input parameters provided. The function checks the type of the
+     * input parameter (`keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw`) and processes it accordingly to return a node or null
+     * value.
      */
-    keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement, value) {
-        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement === undefined)
+    keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw, value) {
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw === undefined)
             return;
-        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement === null)
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw === null)
             return null;
-        if (this.isNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement))
-            return keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement;
-        if (this.isEntry(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement)) {
-            const [key, entryValue] = keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement;
+        if (this.isNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw))
+            return keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw;
+        if (this.isEntry(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw)) {
+            const [key, entryValue] = keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw;
             if (key === undefined)
                 return;
             else if (key === null)
@@ -199,122 +162,139 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
             if (this.isKey(key))
                 return this.createNode(key, value ?? entryValue);
         }
-        if (this.toEntryFn) {
-            const [key, entryValue] = this.toEntryFn(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement);
+        if (this._toEntryFn) {
+            const [key, entryValue] = this._toEntryFn(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw);
             if (this.isKey(key))
                 return this.createNode(key, value ?? entryValue);
             else
                 return;
         }
-        if (this.isKey(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement))
-            return this.createNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement, value);
+        if (this.isKey(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw))
+            return this.createNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw, value);
         return;
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(log n)
      *
-     * The `ensureNode` function checks if the input is a valid node and returns it, or converts it to a
-     * node if it is a key or entry.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement - The parameter
-     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement` can accept a value of type `R`, `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`, or
-     * a raw element.
-     * @param {IterationType} [iterationType=ITERATIVE] - The `iterationType` parameter is an optional
-     * parameter that specifies the type of iteration to be used when searching for a node. It has a
-     * default value of `'ITERATIVE'`.
-     * @returns The function `ensureNode` returns either a `NODE` object, `null`, or `undefined`.
+     * The function `ensureNode` in TypeScript checks if a given input is a node, entry, key, or raw
+     * value and returns the corresponding node or null.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw - The `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw`
+     * parameter in the `ensureNode` function can be of type `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>` or `R`. It
+     * is used to determine whether the input is a key, node, entry, or raw data. The
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter in the `ensureNode` function
+     * is used to specify the type of iteration to be performed. It has a default value of
+     * `this.iterationType` if not explicitly provided.
+     * @returns The `ensureNode` function returns either a node, `null`, or `undefined` based on the
+     * conditions specified in the code snippet.
      */
-    ensureNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
-        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement === null)
+    ensureNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw === null)
             return null;
-        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement === undefined)
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw === undefined)
             return;
-        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement === this.NIL)
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw === this._NIL)
             return;
-        if (this.isNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement))
-            return keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement;
-        if (this.toEntryFn) {
-            const [key] = this.toEntryFn(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement);
-            if (this.isKey(key))
-                return this.getNodeByKey(key);
-        }
-        if (this.isEntry(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement)) {
-            const key = keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement[0];
+        if (this.isNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw))
+            return keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw;
+        if (this.isEntry(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw)) {
+            const key = keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw[0];
             if (key === null)
                 return null;
             if (key === undefined)
                 return;
             return this.getNodeByKey(key, iterationType);
         }
-        if (this.isKey(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement))
-            return this.getNodeByKey(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement, iterationType);
+        if (this._toEntryFn) {
+            const [key] = this._toEntryFn(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw);
+            if (this.isKey(key))
+                return this.getNodeByKey(key);
+        }
+        if (this.isKey(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw))
+            return this.getNodeByKey(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw, iterationType);
         return;
     }
     /**
-     * The function checks if the input is an instance of the BinaryTreeNode class.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement - The parameter
-     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement` can be of type `R` or `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
-     * @returns a boolean value indicating whether the input parameter `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement` is
-     * an instance of the `BinaryTreeNode` class.
+     * The function isNode checks if the input is an instance of BinaryTreeNode.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw - The parameter
+     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw` can be either a key, a node, an entry, or raw data. The function is
+     * checking if the input is an instance of a `BinaryTreeNode` and returning a boolean value
+     * accordingly.
+     * @returns The function `isNode` is checking if the input `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw` is an instance of
+     * `BinaryTreeNode`. If it is, the function returns `true`, indicating that the input is a node. If
+     * it is not an instance of `BinaryTreeNode`, the function returns `false`, indicating that the input
+     * is not a node.
      */
-    isNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement) {
-        return keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement instanceof BinaryTreeNode;
+    isNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw) {
+        return keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw instanceof BinaryTreeNode;
     }
     /**
-     * The function checks if a given node is a valid node in a binary search tree.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} node - The parameter `node` can be of type `R` or
-     * `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
-     * @returns a boolean value.
+     * The function `isRealNode` checks if a given input is a valid node in a binary tree.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw - The `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw`
+     * parameter in the `isRealNode` function can be of type `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>` or `R`.
+     * The function checks if the input parameter is a `NODE` type by verifying if it is not equal
+     * @returns The function `isRealNode` is checking if the input `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw` is a valid
+     * node by comparing it to `this._NIL`, `null`, and `undefined`. If the input is not one of these
+     * values, it then calls the `isNode` method to further determine if the input is a node. The
+     * function will return a boolean value indicating whether the
      */
-    isRealNode(node) {
-        if (node === this.NIL || node === null || node === undefined)
+    isRealNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw) {
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw === this._NIL || keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw === null || keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw === undefined)
             return false;
-        return this.isNode(node);
+        return this.isNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw);
     }
     /**
-     * The function checks if a given node is a real node or null.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} node - The parameter `node` can be of type `R` or
-     * `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
-     * @returns a boolean value.
+     * The function checks if a given input is a valid node or null.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw - The parameter
+     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw` in the `isRealNodeOrNull` function can be of type `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K,
+     * V, NODE>` or `R`. It is a union type that can either be a key, a node, an entry, or
+     * @returns The function `isRealNodeOrNull` is returning a boolean value. It checks if the input
+     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw` is either `null` or a real node, and returns `true` if it is a node or
+     * `null`, and `false` otherwise.
      */
-    isRealNodeOrNull(node) {
-        return this.isRealNode(node) || node === null;
+    isRealNodeOrNull(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw) {
+        return keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw === null || this.isRealNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw);
     }
     /**
-     * The function checks if a given node is equal to the NIL value.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} node - The parameter `node` can be of type `R` or
-     * `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
-     * @returns a boolean value.
+     * The function isNIL checks if a given key, node, entry, or raw value is equal to the _NIL value.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw - BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V,
+     * NODE> | R
+     * @returns The function is checking if the `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw` parameter is equal to the `_NIL`
+     * property of the current object and returning a boolean value based on that comparison.
      */
-    isNIL(node) {
-        return node === this.NIL;
+    isNIL(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw) {
+        return keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw === this._NIL;
     }
     /**
-     * The function `isLeaf` determines whether a given node is a leaf node in a binary tree structure.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} node - The `node` parameter in the `isLeaf` function
-     * can be either a regular node (`R`) or a `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
-     * @returns The `isLeaf` function is checking if the provided node is a leaf node in a binary tree.
-     * If the node is `undefined`, it returns `false`. If the node is `null`, it returns `true`.
-     * Otherwise, it checks if both the left and right children of the node are not real nodes, and
-     * returns `true` if they are not, indicating that the node is a
+     * The function determines whether a given key, node, entry, or raw data is a leaf node in a binary
+     * tree.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw - The parameter
+     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw` can be of type `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>` or `R`. It represents a
+     * key, node, entry, or raw data in a binary tree structure. The function `isLeaf` checks whether the
+     * provided
+     * @returns The function `isLeaf` returns a boolean value indicating whether the input
+     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw` is a leaf node in a binary tree.
      */
-    isLeaf(node) {
-        node = this.ensureNode(node);
-        if (node === undefined)
+    isLeaf(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw) {
+        keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw = this.ensureNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw);
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw === undefined)
             return false;
-        if (node === null)
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw === null)
             return true;
-        return !this.isRealNode(node.left) && !this.isRealNode(node.right);
+        return !this.isRealNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw.left) && !this.isRealNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw.right);
     }
     /**
-     * The function checks if the input is an array with two elements, indicating it is a binary tree
-     * node entry.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement - The parameter
-     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement` can be of type `R` or `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
-     * @returns a boolean value.
+     * The function `isEntry` checks if the input is a BTNEntry object by verifying if it is an array
+     * with a length of 2.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw - The `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw`
+     * parameter in the `isEntry` function can be of type `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>` or type `R`.
+     * The function checks if the provided `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw` is of type `BTN
+     * @returns The `isEntry` function is checking if the `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw` parameter is an array
+     * with a length of 2. If it is, then it returns `true`, indicating that the parameter is of type
+     * `BTNEntry<K, V>`. If the condition is not met, it returns `false`.
      */
-    isEntry(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement) {
-        return Array.isArray(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement) && keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement.length === 2;
+    isEntry(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw) {
+        return Array.isArray(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw) && keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw.length === 2;
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity O(1)
@@ -336,29 +316,30 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity O(n)
      * Space Complexity O(1)
      *
-     * The `add` function is used to insert a new node into a binary tree, checking for duplicate keys
-     * and finding the appropriate insertion position.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement - The
-     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement` parameter can accept a value of type `R`, which represents the key,
-     * node, entry, or raw element to be added to the tree. It can also accept a value of type
-     * `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>
-     * @param {V} [value] - The `value` parameter is an optional value that can be associated with the
-     * key being added to the tree. It represents the value that will be stored in the tree for the given
-     * key.
-     * @returns a boolean value. It returns `true` if the insertion is successful, and `false` if the
-     * insertion position cannot be found or if there are duplicate keys.
+     * The `add` function in TypeScript adds a new node to a binary tree while handling duplicate keys
+     * and finding the correct insertion position.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw - The `add` method you provided
+     * seems to be for adding a new node to a binary tree structure. The `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw`
+     * parameter in the method can accept different types of values:
+     * @param {V} [value] - The `value` parameter in the `add` method represents the value associated
+     * with the key that you want to add to the binary tree. When adding a key-value pair to the binary
+     * tree, you provide the key and its corresponding value. The `add` method then creates a new node
+     * with this
+     * @returns The `add` method returns a boolean value. It returns `true` if the insertion of the new
+     * node was successful, and `false` if the insertion position could not be found or if a duplicate
+     * key was found and the node was replaced instead of inserted.
      */
-    add(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement, value) {
-        const newNode = this.keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement, value);
+    add(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw, value) {
+        const newNode = this.keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw, value);
         if (newNode === undefined)
             return false;
         // If the tree is empty, directly set the new node as the root node
-        if (!this.root) {
-            this._root = newNode;
+        if (!this._root) {
+            this._setRoot(newNode);
             this._size = 1;
             return true;
         }
-        const queue = new Queue([this.root]);
+        const queue = new Queue([this._root]);
         let potentialParent; // Record the parent node of the potential insertion location
         while (queue.size > 0) {
             const cur = queue.shift();
@@ -375,10 +356,12 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
             }
             // Continue traversing the left and right subtrees
             if (cur.left !== null) {
-                cur.left && queue.push(cur.left);
+                if (cur.left)
+                    queue.push(cur.left);
             }
             if (cur.right !== null) {
-                cur.right && queue.push(cur.right);
+                if (cur.right)
+                    queue.push(cur.right);
             }
         }
         // At the end of the traversal, if the insertion position is found, insert
@@ -398,24 +381,28 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(k * n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The `addMany` function takes in an iterable of keys or nodes or entries or raw elements, and an
-     * optional iterable of values, and adds each key or node or entry with its corresponding value to a
-     * data structure, returning an array of booleans indicating whether each insertion was successful.
-     * @param keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements - An iterable containing keys, nodes, entries, or raw
-     * elements. These elements will be added to the data structure.
-     * @param [values] - An optional iterable of values that correspond to the keys or nodes or entries
-     * in the `keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements` parameter.
-     * @returns The function `addMany` returns an array of booleans indicating whether each element was
-     * successfully added to the data structure.
+     * The `addMany` function takes in multiple keys or nodes or entries or raw values along with
+     * optional values, and adds them to a data structure while returning an array indicating whether
+     * each insertion was successful.
+     * @param keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRaws - `keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRaws` is an iterable that can contain a
+     * mix of keys, nodes, entries, or raw values. Each element in this iterable can be of type
+     * `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>` or `R`.
+     * @param [values] - The `values` parameter in the `addMany` function is an optional parameter that
+     * accepts an iterable of values. These values correspond to the keys or nodes being added in the
+     * `keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRaws` parameter. If provided, the function will iterate over the values and
+     * assign them
+     * @returns The `addMany` method returns an array of boolean values indicating whether each key,
+     * node, entry, or raw value was successfully added to the data structure. Each boolean value
+     * corresponds to the success of adding the corresponding key or value in the input iterable.
      */
-    addMany(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements, values) {
+    addMany(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRaws, values) {
         // TODO not sure addMany not be run multi times
         const inserted = [];
         let valuesIterator;
         if (values) {
             valuesIterator = values[Symbol.iterator]();
         }
-        for (const keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement of keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements) {
+        for (const keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw of keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRaws) {
             let value = undefined;
             if (valuesIterator) {
                 const valueResult = valuesIterator.next();
@@ -423,7 +410,7 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
                     value = valueResult.value;
                 }
             }
-            inserted.push(this.add(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement, value));
+            inserted.push(this.add(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRaw, value));
         }
         return inserted;
     }
@@ -431,38 +418,38 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(k * n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The `refill` function clears the current data and adds new data to the collection.
-     * @param keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements - An iterable collection of keys, nodes, entries, or raw
-     * elements. These can be of any type (R) or a specific type (BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>).
-     * @param [values] - The `values` parameter is an optional iterable of values that will be associated
-     * with the keys or nodes being added. If provided, the values will be assigned to the corresponding
-     * keys or nodes. If not provided, the values will be set to `undefined`.
+     * The `refill` function clears the existing data structure and then adds new key-value pairs based
+     * on the provided input.
+     * @param keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRaws - The `keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRaws` parameter in the `refill`
+     * method can accept an iterable containing a mix of `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>` objects or `R`
+     * objects.
+     * @param [values] - The `values` parameter in the `refill` method is an optional parameter that
+     * accepts an iterable of values of type `V` or `undefined`.
      */
-    refill(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements, values) {
+    refill(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRaws, values) {
         this.clear();
-        this.addMany(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements, values);
+        this.addMany(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRaws, values);
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The above function is a TypeScript implementation of deleting a node from a binary tree, returning
-     * the deleted node and the node that needs to be balanced.
-     * @param {ReturnType<C> | null | undefined} identifier - The `identifier` parameter is the value
-     * used to identify the node that needs to be deleted from the binary tree. It can be of any type
-     * that is returned by the callback function.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that is used to determine the
-     * identifier of the node to be deleted. It is of type `C`, which extends the `BTNCallback<NODE>`
-     * interface. The `BTNCallback<NODE>` interface represents a callback function that takes a node of
-     * type `NODE
-     * @returns an array of `BinaryTreeDeleteResult<NODE>`.
+     * The function `delete` in TypeScript implements the deletion of a node in a binary tree and returns
+     * the deleted node along with information for tree balancing.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R | BTNPredicate<NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate
+     * - The `delete` method you provided is used to delete a node from a binary tree based on the key,
+     * node, entry, raw data, or a custom predicate. The method returns an array of
+     * `BinaryTreeDeleteResult` objects containing information about the deleted node and whether
+     * balancing is needed.
+     * @returns The `delete` method returns an array of `BinaryTreeDeleteResult` objects. Each object in
+     * the array contains information about the node that was deleted (`deleted`) and the node that may
+     * need to be balanced (`needBalanced`).
      */
-    delete(identifier, callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK) {
+    delete(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate) {
         const deletedResult = [];
-        if (!this.root)
+        if (!this._root)
             return deletedResult;
-        callback = this._ensureCallback(identifier, callback);
-        const curr = this.getNode(identifier, callback);
+        const curr = this.getNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate);
         if (!curr)
             return deletedResult;
         const parent = curr?.parent;
@@ -499,7 +486,7 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
             this._setRoot(curr.right);
             curr.right = undefined;
         }
-        this._size = this.size - 1;
+        this._size = this._size - 1;
         deletedResult.push({ deleted: orgCurrent, needBalanced });
         return deletedResult;
     }
@@ -507,47 +494,46 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(k + log n)
      *
-     * The function `getNodes` returns an array of nodes that match a given identifier, using either a
-     * recursive or iterative approach.
-     * @param {ReturnType<C> | null | undefined} identifier - The `identifier` parameter is the value
-     * that is used to identify the nodes. It can be of any type and is used to match against the result
-     * of the callback function for each node.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that takes a node as input and
-     * returns a value. This value is used to identify the nodes that match the given identifier. The
-     * `callback` function is optional and defaults to a default callback function
-     * (`this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK`) if not provided.
-     * @param [onlyOne=false] - A boolean value indicating whether to return only one node that matches
-     * the identifier or all nodes that match the identifier. If set to true, only the first matching
-     * node will be returned. If set to false, all matching nodes will be returned. The default value is
-     * false.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
-     * point for the search. It can be either a node object, a key-value pair, or a key. If it is not
-     * provided, the `root` of the data structure is used as the starting point.
-     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter determines the type of
-     * iteration to be performed on the nodes of a binary tree. It can have two possible values:
-     * @returns an array of NODE objects.
+     * The function `getNodes` retrieves nodes from a binary tree based on a key, node, entry, raw data,
+     * or predicate, with options for recursive or iterative traversal.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R | BTNPredicate<NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate
+     * - The `getNodes` function you provided takes several parameters:
+     * @param [onlyOne=false] - The `onlyOne` parameter in the `getNodes` function is a boolean flag that
+     * determines whether to return only the first node that matches the criteria specified by the
+     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate` parameter. If `onlyOne` is set to `true`, the function will
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the
+     * `getNodes` function is used to specify the starting point for traversing the binary tree. It
+     * represents the root node of the binary tree or the node from which the traversal should begin. If
+     * not provided, the default value is set to `this._root
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter in the `getNodes` function
+     * determines the type of iteration to be performed when traversing the nodes of a binary tree. It
+     * can have two possible values:
+     * @returns The `getNodes` function returns an array of nodes that satisfy the provided condition
+     * based on the input parameters and the iteration type specified.
      */
-    getNodes(identifier, callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, onlyOne = false, beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
-        if (identifier === undefined)
+    getNodes(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate, onlyOne = false, beginRoot = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate === undefined)
             return [];
-        if (identifier === null)
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate === null)
             return [];
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
         if (!beginRoot)
             return [];
-        callback = this._ensureCallback(identifier, callback);
+        const callback = this._ensurePredicate(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate);
         const ans = [];
         if (iterationType === 'RECURSIVE') {
             const dfs = (cur) => {
-                if (callback(cur) === identifier) {
+                if (callback(cur)) {
                     ans.push(cur);
                     if (onlyOne)
                         return;
                 }
                 if (!this.isRealNode(cur.left) && !this.isRealNode(cur.right))
                     return;
-                this.isRealNode(cur.left) && dfs(cur.left);
-                this.isRealNode(cur.right) && dfs(cur.right);
+                if (this.isRealNode(cur.left))
+                    dfs(cur.left);
+                if (this.isRealNode(cur.right))
+                    dfs(cur.right);
             };
             dfs(beginRoot);
         }
@@ -556,13 +542,15 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
             while (stack.length > 0) {
                 const cur = stack.pop();
                 if (this.isRealNode(cur)) {
-                    if (callback(cur) === identifier) {
+                    if (callback(cur)) {
                         ans.push(cur);
                         if (onlyOne)
                             return ans;
                     }
-                    this.isRealNode(cur.left) && stack.push(cur.left);
-                    this.isRealNode(cur.right) && stack.push(cur.right);
+                    if (this.isRealNode(cur.left))
+                        stack.push(cur.left);
+                    if (this.isRealNode(cur.right))
+                        stack.push(cur.right);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -572,91 +560,95 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(log n).
      *
-     * The function `getNode` returns the first node that matches the given identifier and callback,
-     * starting from the specified root node and using the specified iteration type.
-     * @param {ReturnType<C> | null | undefined} identifier - The `identifier` parameter is the value
-     * used to identify the node you want to retrieve. It can be of any type that is the return type of
-     * the `C` callback function, or it can be `null` or `undefined`.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be used to determine if a
-     * node matches the desired criteria. It should return a value that can be used to identify the node.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
-     * point for searching nodes in a tree structure. It can be either a root node, a key-value pair, or
-     * a node entry. If not provided, the search will start from the root of the tree.
-     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to specify the type
-     * of iteration to be performed when searching for nodes. It can have one of the following values:
-     * @returns The method is returning a NODE object, or null, or undefined.
+     * The `getNode` function retrieves a node based on the provided key, node, entry, raw data, or
+     * predicate.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R | BTNPredicate<NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate
+     * - The `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate` parameter in the `getNode` function can accept a key,
+     * node, entry, raw data, or a predicate function.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the
+     * `getNode` function is used to specify the starting point for searching for a node in a binary
+     * tree. If no specific starting point is provided, the default value is set to `this._root`, which
+     * is typically the root node of the binary tree.
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter in the `getNode` method is
+     * used to specify the type of iteration to be performed when searching for a node. It has a default
+     * value of `this.iterationType`, which means it will use the iteration type defined in the current
+     * context if no specific value is provided
+     * @returns The `getNode` function is returning the first node that matches the specified criteria,
+     * or `null` if no matching node is found.
      */
-    getNode(identifier, callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
-        return this.getNodes(identifier, callback, true, beginRoot, iterationType)[0] ?? null;
+    getNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate, beginRoot = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
+        return this.getNodes(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate, true, beginRoot, iterationType)[0] ?? null;
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(log n)
      *
-     * The function `getNodeByKey` returns a node with a specific key value from a tree structure.
-     * @param {K} key - The key parameter is the value that you want to search for in the tree. It is
-     * used to find the node with the matching key value.
-     * @param {IterationType} [iterationType=ITERATIVE] - The `iterationType` parameter is an optional
-     * parameter that specifies the type of iteration to be used when searching for a node in the tree.
-     * It has a default value of `'ITERATIVE'`.
-     * @returns a value of type NODE, null, or undefined.
+     * The function `getNodeByKey` retrieves a node by its key from a binary tree structure.
+     * @param {K} key - The `key` parameter is the value used to search for a specific node in a data
+     * structure.
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is a type of iteration that
+     * specifies how the tree nodes should be traversed when searching for a node with the given key. It
+     * is an optional parameter with a default value of `this.iterationType`.
+     * @returns The `getNodeByKey` function is returning an optional binary tree node
+     * (`OptBTNOrNull<NODE>`).
      */
     getNodeByKey(key, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
-        return this.getNode(key, this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, this.root, iterationType);
+        return this.getNode(key, this._root, iterationType);
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(log n)
      *
-     * The function `get` in TypeScript overrides the base class method and returns the value associated
-     * with the given identifier.
-     * @param {ReturnType<C> | null | undefined} identifier - The `identifier` parameter is the value
-     * used to identify the node in the binary tree. It can be of any type that is returned by the
-     * callback function `C`. It can also be `null` or `undefined` if no identifier is provided.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be used to determine if a
-     * node matches the given identifier. It is optional and defaults to `this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK`.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
-     * point for the search in the binary tree. It can be either a root node of the tree or a key, node,
-     * or entry object that exists in the tree. If no specific starting point is provided, the search
-     * will begin from the root of the
-     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to specify the type
-     * of iteration to be performed when searching for a node in the tree. It can have one of the
-     * following values:
-     * @returns The method is returning the value associated with the specified identifier in the binary
-     * tree.
+     * This function overrides the `get` method to retrieve the value associated with a specified key,
+     * node, entry, raw data, or predicate in a data structure.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R | BTNPredicate<NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate
+     * - The `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate` parameter in the `get` method can accept one of the
+     * following types:
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the `get`
+     * method is used to specify the starting point for searching for a key or node in the binary tree.
+     * If no specific starting point is provided, the default starting point is the root of the binary
+     * tree (`this._root`).
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter in the `get` method is used
+     * to specify the type of iteration to be performed when searching for a key in the binary tree. It
+     * is an optional parameter with a default value of `this.iterationType`, which means it will use the
+     * iteration type defined in the
+     * @returns The `get` method is returning the value associated with the specified key, node, entry,
+     * raw data, or predicate in the binary tree map. If the specified key or node is found in the tree,
+     * the method returns the corresponding value. If the key or node is not found, it returns
+     * `undefined`.
      */
-    get(identifier, callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
-        return this.getNode(identifier, callback, beginRoot, iterationType)?.value;
+    get(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate, beginRoot = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
+        return this.getNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate, beginRoot, iterationType)?.value;
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(log n)
      *
-     * The `has` function checks if a given identifier exists in the data structure and returns a boolean
-     * value.
-     * @param {ReturnType<C> | null | undefined} identifier - The `identifier` parameter is the value
-     * used to identify a specific node or entry in the data structure. It can be of any type that is
-     * returned by the callback function `C`. It can also be `null` or `undefined` if no specific
-     * identifier is provided.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be used to determine
-     * whether a node should be included in the result or not. It is of type `C`, which extends the
-     * `BTNCallback<NODE>` type.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
-     * point for the iteration in the data structure. It can be either a root node, a key-value pair, or
-     * a node entry. If not specified, it defaults to the root of the data structure.
-     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to specify the type
-     * of iteration to be performed. It is an optional parameter with a default value of `IterationType`.
-     * @returns The method is returning a boolean value.
+     * The `has` function in TypeScript checks if a specified key, node, entry, raw data, or predicate
+     * exists in the data structure.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R | BTNPredicate<NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate
+     * - The `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate` parameter in the `override has` method can accept one of
+     * the following types:
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the
+     * `override` method is used to specify the starting point for the search operation within the data
+     * structure. It defaults to `this._root` if not provided explicitly.
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter in the `override has` method
+     * is used to specify the type of iteration to be performed. It has a default value of
+     * `this.iterationType`, which means it will use the iteration type defined in the current context if
+     * no value is provided when calling the method.
+     * @returns The `override has` method is returning a boolean value. It checks if there are any nodes
+     * that match the provided key, node, entry, raw data, or predicate in the tree structure. If there
+     * are matching nodes, it returns `true`, indicating that the tree contains the specified element.
+     * Otherwise, it returns `false`.
      */
-    has(identifier, callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
-        callback = this._ensureCallback(identifier, callback);
-        return this.getNodes(identifier, callback, true, beginRoot, iterationType).length > 0;
+    has(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate, beginRoot = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
+        return this.getNodes(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate, true, beginRoot, iterationType).length > 0;
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(1)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * Clear the binary tree, removing all nodes.
+     * The `clear` function resets the root node and size of a data structure to empty.
      */
     clear() {
         this._setRoot(undefined);
@@ -666,42 +658,51 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(1)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * Check if the binary tree is empty.
-     * @returns {boolean} - True if the binary tree is empty, false otherwise.
+     * The `isEmpty` function in TypeScript checks if a data structure has no elements and returns a
+     * boolean value.
+     * @returns The `isEmpty()` method is returning a boolean value, specifically `true` if the `_size`
+     * property is equal to 0, indicating that the data structure is empty, and `false` otherwise.
      */
     isEmpty() {
-        return this.size === 0;
+        return this._size === 0;
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(log n)
      *
-     * The function checks if a binary tree is perfectly balanced by comparing the minimum height and the
-     * height of the tree.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The parameter `beginRoot` is optional and
-     * has a default value of `this.root`. It represents the starting point for checking if the tree is
-     * perfectly balanced. It can be either a root node (`R`), a key or node or entry
-     * (`BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE
-     * @returns a boolean value.
+     * The function checks if a binary tree is perfectly balanced by comparing its minimum height with
+     * its height.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
+     * point for checking if the binary tree is perfectly balanced. It represents the root node of the
+     * binary tree or a specific node from which the balance check should begin.
+     * @returns The method `isPerfectlyBalanced` is returning a boolean value, which indicates whether
+     * the tree starting from the `beginRoot` node is perfectly balanced or not. The return value is
+     * determined by comparing the minimum height of the tree with the height of the tree. If the minimum
+     * height plus 1 is greater than or equal to the height of the tree, then it is considered perfectly
+     * balanced and
      */
-    isPerfectlyBalanced(beginRoot = this.root) {
+    isPerfectlyBalanced(beginRoot = this._root) {
         return this.getMinHeight(beginRoot) + 1 >= this.getHeight(beginRoot);
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function `isBST` checks if a binary search tree is valid, either recursively or iteratively.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
-     * starting point for checking if a binary search tree (BST) is valid. It can be either a root node
-     * of the BST, a key value of a node in the BST, or an entry object containing both the key and value
-     * of a node in the BST
-     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to determine the type
-     * of iteration to be performed while checking if the binary search tree (BST) is valid. It can have
-     * two possible values:
-     * @returns a boolean value.
+     * The function `isBST` in TypeScript checks if a binary search tree is valid using either recursive
+     * or iterative methods.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the `isBST`
+     * function represents the starting point for checking whether a binary search tree (BST) is valid.
+     * It can be a node in the BST or a reference to the root of the BST. If no specific node is
+     * provided, the function will default to
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter in the `isBST` function
+     * determines whether the function should use a recursive approach or an iterative approach to check
+     * if the binary search tree (BST) is valid.
+     * @returns The `isBST` method is returning a boolean value, which indicates whether the binary
+     * search tree (BST) represented by the given root node is a valid BST or not. The method checks if
+     * the tree satisfies the BST property, where for every node, all nodes in its left subtree have keys
+     * less than the node's key, and all nodes in its right subtree have keys greater than the node's
      */
-    isBST(beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
+    isBST(beginRoot = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
         // TODO there is a bug
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
         if (!beginRoot)
@@ -747,17 +748,19 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function calculates the depth of a given node or key in a tree-like data structure.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} dist - The `dist` parameter can be either a `R`
-     * (representing a root node), or a `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>` (representing a key, node, or
-     * entry).
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is optional and
-     * represents the starting point from which to calculate the depth. It can be either a reference to a
-     * node in the tree or a key-value pair or an entry object. If not provided, the default value is
-     * `this.root`, which refers to the root node
-     * @returns the depth of a node in a tree structure.
+     * The `getDepth` function calculates the depth between two nodes in a binary tree.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} dist - The `dist` parameter in the `getDepth`
+     * function represents the node or entry in a binary tree map, or a reference to a node in the tree.
+     * It is the target node for which you want to calculate the depth from the `beginRoot` node.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the
+     * `getDepth` function represents the starting point from which you want to calculate the depth of a
+     * given node or entry in a binary tree. If no specific starting point is provided, the default value
+     * for `beginRoot` is set to the root of the binary
+     * @returns The `getDepth` method returns the depth of a given node `dist` relative to the
+     * `beginRoot` node in a binary tree. If the `dist` node is not found in the path to the `beginRoot`
+     * node, it returns the depth of the `dist` node from the root of the tree.
      */
-    getDepth(dist, beginRoot = this.root) {
+    getDepth(dist, beginRoot = this._root) {
         let distEnsured = this.ensureNode(dist);
         const beginRootEnsured = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
         let depth = 0;
@@ -775,15 +778,19 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
      * The `getHeight` function calculates the maximum height of a binary tree using either a recursive
-     * or iterative approach.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
-     * starting point for calculating the height of a tree. It can be either a root node (`R`), a key or
-     * node or entry (`BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`), or it defaults to the root of the current tree.
-     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter determines the type of
-     * iteration used to calculate the height of the tree. It can have two possible values:
-     * @returns the maximum height of the binary tree.
+     * or iterative approach in TypeScript.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
+     * point from which the height of the binary tree will be calculated. It can be a node in the binary
+     * tree or a reference to the root of the tree. If not provided, it defaults to the root of the
+     * binary tree data structure.
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to determine the type
+     * of iteration to be performed while calculating the height of the binary tree. It can have two
+     * possible values:
+     * @returns The `getHeight` method returns the height of the binary tree starting from the specified
+     * root node. The height is calculated based on the maximum depth of the tree, considering either a
+     * recursive approach or an iterative approach depending on the `iterationType` parameter.
      */
-    getHeight(beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
+    getHeight(beginRoot = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
         if (!this.isRealNode(beginRoot))
             return -1;
@@ -816,18 +823,20 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Space Complexity: O(log n)
      *
      * The `getMinHeight` function calculates the minimum height of a binary tree using either a
-     * recursive or iterative approach.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
-     * starting point for calculating the minimum height of a tree. It can be either a root node (`R`), a
-     * key or node or entry (`BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`), or it defaults to the root of the current
-     * tree.
-     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter determines the type of
-     * iteration to be used when calculating the minimum height of the tree. It can have two possible
-     * values:
-     * @returns The function `getMinHeight` returns a number, which represents the minimum height of the
-     * binary tree.
+     * recursive or iterative approach in TypeScript.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the
+     * `getMinHeight` function represents the starting node from which the minimum height of the binary
+     * tree will be calculated. It is either a node in the binary tree or a reference to the root of the
+     * tree. If not provided, the default value is the root
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter in the `getMinHeight` method
+     * specifies the type of iteration to use when calculating the minimum height of a binary tree. It
+     * can have two possible values:
+     * @returns The `getMinHeight` method returns the minimum height of the binary tree starting from the
+     * specified root node. The height is calculated based on the shortest path from the root node to a
+     * leaf node in the tree. The method uses either a recursive approach or an iterative approach (using
+     * a stack) based on the `iterationType` parameter.
      */
-    getMinHeight(beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
+    getMinHeight(beginRoot = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
         if (!beginRoot)
             return -1;
@@ -857,8 +866,8 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
                     if (!this.isRealNode(node.right) || last === node.right) {
                         node = stack.pop();
                         if (this.isRealNode(node)) {
-                            const leftMinHeight = this.isRealNode(node.left) ? (depths.get(node.left) ?? -1) : -1;
-                            const rightMinHeight = this.isRealNode(node.right) ? (depths.get(node.right) ?? -1) : -1;
+                            const leftMinHeight = this.isRealNode(node.left) ? depths.get(node.left) : -1;
+                            const rightMinHeight = this.isRealNode(node.right) ? depths.get(node.right) : -1;
                             depths.set(node, 1 + Math.min(leftMinHeight, rightMinHeight));
                             last = node;
                             node = null;
@@ -868,33 +877,40 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
                         node = node.right;
                 }
             }
-            return depths.get(beginRoot) ?? -1;
+            return depths.get(beginRoot);
         }
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(log n)
      * Space Complexity: O(log n)
      *
-     * The function `getPathToRoot` returns an array of nodes starting from a given node and traversing
-     * up to the root node, with an option to reverse the order of the nodes.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginNode - The `beginNode` parameter can be either of
-     * type `R` or `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
-     * @param [isReverse=true] - The `isReverse` parameter is a boolean flag that determines whether the
-     * resulting path should be reversed or not. If `isReverse` is set to `true`, the path will be
-     * reversed before returning it. If `isReverse` is set to `false` or not provided, the path will
-     * @returns The function `getPathToRoot` returns an array of `NODE` objects.
+     * The function `getPathToRoot` in TypeScript retrieves the path from a given node to the root of a
+     * tree structure, applying a specified callback function along the way.
+     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that is used to process each node in
+     * the path to the root. It is expected to be a function that takes a node as an argument and returns
+     * a value based on that node. The return type of the callback function is determined by the generic
+     * type `C
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginNode - The `beginNode` parameter in the
+     * `getPathToRoot` function can be either a key, a node, an entry, or any other value of type `R`.
+     * @param [isReverse=true] - The `isReverse` parameter in the `getPathToRoot` function determines
+     * whether the resulting path from the given `beginNode` to the root should be in reverse order or
+     * not. If `isReverse` is set to `true`, the path will be reversed before being returned. If `is
+     * @returns The function `getPathToRoot` returns an array of the return values of the callback
+     * function `callback` applied to each node in the path from the `beginNode` to the root node. The
+     * array is either in reverse order or in the original order based on the value of the `isReverse`
+     * parameter.
      */
-    getPathToRoot(beginNode, isReverse = true) {
+    getPathToRoot(callback = this._DEFAULT_BTN_CALLBACK, beginNode, isReverse = true) {
         const result = [];
         let beginNodeEnsured = this.ensureNode(beginNode);
         if (!beginNodeEnsured)
             return result;
         while (beginNodeEnsured.parent) {
             // Array.push + Array.reverse is more efficient than Array.unshift
-            result.push(beginNodeEnsured);
+            result.push(callback(beginNodeEnsured));
             beginNodeEnsured = beginNodeEnsured.parent;
         }
-        result.push(beginNodeEnsured);
+        result.push(callback(beginNodeEnsured));
         return isReverse ? result.reverse() : result;
     }
     /**
@@ -904,21 +920,21 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * The function `getLeftMost` retrieves the leftmost node in a binary tree using either recursive or
      * tail-recursive iteration.
      * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called with the leftmost
-     * node of a binary tree or null if the tree is empty. It has a default value of `_DEFAULT_CALLBACK`
-     * if not provided explicitly.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the
+     * node of a binary tree or with `undefined` if the tree is empty. It is provided with a default
+     * value of `_DEFAULT_BTN_CALLBACK` if not specified.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the
      * `getLeftMost` function represents the starting point for finding the leftmost node in a binary
-     * tree. It can be either a reference to the root node of the tree (`R`), or a key, node, or entry in
-     * the binary tree structure (`
+     * tree. It can be either a key, a node, or an entry in the binary tree structure. If no specific
+     * starting point is provided, the function will default
      * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter in the `getLeftMost` function
      * specifies the type of iteration to be used when traversing the binary tree nodes. It can have two
      * possible values:
      * @returns The `getLeftMost` function returns the result of the callback function `C` applied to the
-     * leftmost node in the binary tree starting from the `beginRoot` node. If the `beginRoot` is `NIL`,
-     * it returns the result of the callback function applied to `undefined`. If the `beginRoot` is not a
-     * real node, it returns the result of the callback function applied
+     * leftmost node in the binary tree starting from the `beginRoot` node. If the `beginRoot` node is
+     * `NIL`, it returns the result of the callback function applied to `undefined`. If the `beginRoot`
+     * node is not a real node, it returns the result of the callback
      */
-    getLeftMost(callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
+    getLeftMost(callback = this._DEFAULT_BTN_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
         if (this.isNIL(beginRoot))
             return callback(undefined);
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
@@ -949,22 +965,22 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * The function `getRightMost` retrieves the rightmost node in a binary tree using either recursive
      * or iterative traversal methods.
      * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called with the result
-     * of the operation. It has a generic type `C` which extends `BTNCallback<OptBTNOrNull<NODE>>`. The
-     * default value for `callback` is `this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK` if it is not provided.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the
+     * of finding the rightmost node in a binary tree. It is of type `BTNCallback<OptBTNOrNull<NODE>>`,
+     * which means it is a callback function that can accept either an optional binary tree node or null
+     * as
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the
      * `getRightMost` function represents the starting point for finding the rightmost node in a binary
-     * tree. It can be either a reference to the root node of the tree (`this.root`) or a specific key,
-     * node, or entry in the tree. If
+     * tree. It can be either a key, a node, or an entry in the binary tree structure. If no specific
+     * starting point is provided, the function will default
      * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter in the `getRightMost`
-     * function specifies the type of iteration to be used when finding the rightmost node in a binary
-     * tree. It can have two possible values:
-     * @returns The `getRightMost` function returns the result of the callback function `C` applied to
-     * the rightmost node in the binary tree. The rightmost node is found either through a recursive
-     * depth-first search (if `iterationType` is 'RECURSIVE') or through an indirect implementation of
-     * iteration using tail recursion optimization. The result of the callback function applied to the
-     * rightmost node is returned
+     * function specifies the type of iteration to be used when traversing the binary tree nodes. It can
+     * have two possible values:
+     * @returns The `getRightMost` function returns the result of the callback function `C`, which is
+     * passed as a parameter to the function. The callback function is called with the rightmost node in
+     * the binary tree structure, determined based on the specified iteration type ('RECURSIVE' or
+     * other).
      */
-    getRightMost(callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
+    getRightMost(callback = this._DEFAULT_BTN_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
         if (this.isNIL(beginRoot))
             return callback(undefined);
         // TODO support get right most by passing key in
@@ -993,10 +1009,14 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(log n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function returns the predecessor node of a given node in a binary tree.
-     * @param {NODE} node - The parameter "node" is of type "NODE", which represents a node in a binary
-     * tree.
-     * @returns the predecessor node of the given node.
+     * The function `getPredecessor` in TypeScript returns the predecessor node of a given node in a
+     * binary tree.
+     * @param {NODE} node - The `getPredecessor` function you provided seems to be attempting to find the
+     * predecessor of a given node in a binary tree. However, there seems to be a logical issue in the
+     * while loop condition that might cause an infinite loop.
+     * @returns The `getPredecessor` function returns the predecessor node of the input `NODE` parameter.
+     * If the left child of the input node exists, it traverses to the rightmost node of the left subtree
+     * to find the predecessor. If the left child does not exist, it returns the input node itself.
      */
     getPredecessor(node) {
         if (this.isRealNode(node.left)) {
@@ -1016,10 +1036,14 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(log n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function `getSuccessor` returns the next node in a binary tree given a current node.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null} [x] - The parameter `x` can be of type `K`, `NODE`, or `null`.
-     * @returns The function `getSuccessor` returns a `NODE` object if a successor exists, `null` if
-     * there is no successor, and `undefined` if the input `x` is not a valid node.
+     * The function `getSuccessor` in TypeScript returns the next node in an in-order traversal of a
+     * binary tree.
+     * @param {K | NODE | null} [x] - The `getSuccessor` function takes a parameter `x`, which can be of
+     * type `K`, `NODE`, or `null`.
+     * @returns The `getSuccessor` function returns the successor node of the input node `x`. If `x` has
+     * a right child, the function returns the leftmost node in the right subtree of `x`. If `x` does not
+     * have a right child, the function traverses up the parent nodes until it finds a node that is not
+     * the right child of its parent, and returns that node
      */
     getSuccessor(x) {
         x = this.ensureNode(x);
@@ -1039,26 +1063,29 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time complexity: O(n)
      * Space complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `dfs` function performs a depth-first search traversal on a binary tree, executing a callback
-     * function on each node according to a specified pattern and iteration type.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called for each node
-     * visited during the depth-first search. It takes a node as an argument and returns a value. The
-     * return type of the callback function is determined by the generic type `C`.
-     * @param {DFSOrderPattern} [pattern=IN] - The `pattern` parameter determines the order in which the
-     * nodes are visited during the depth-first search. It can have one of the following values:
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
-     * point of the depth-first search. It can be either a node object, a key-value pair, or a key. If it
-     * is a key or key-value pair, the method will find the corresponding node in the tree and start the
-     * search from there.
-     * @param {IterationType} [iterationType=ITERATIVE] - The `iterationType` parameter determines the
-     * type of iteration to use during the depth-first search. It can have two possible values:
-     * @param [includeNull=false] - The `includeNull` parameter is a boolean value that determines
-     * whether or not to include null values in the depth-first search traversal. If `includeNull` is set
-     * to `true`, null values will be included in the traversal. If `includeNull` is set to `false`, null
-     * values will
-     * @returns an array of the return types of the callback function.
+     * The function `dfs` performs a depth-first search traversal on a binary tree structure based on the
+     * specified parameters.
+     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a generic type `C` that extends the
+     * `BTNCallback` interface with a type parameter of `OptBTNOrNull<NODE>`. It has a default value of
+     * `this._DEFAULT_BTN_CALLBACK as C`.
+     * @param {DFSOrderPattern} [pattern=IN] - The `pattern` parameter in the `dfs` method specifies the
+     * order in which the Depth-First Search (DFS) algorithm should traverse the nodes in the tree. The
+     * possible values for the `pattern` parameter are:
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the `dfs`
+     * method is used to specify the starting point for the Depth-First Search traversal. It can be
+     * either a `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry` object representing a key, node, or entry in the binary tree map,
+     * or it can be a
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter in the `dfs` method specifies
+     * the type of iteration to be performed during the depth-first search traversal. It is used to
+     * determine the order in which nodes are visited during the traversal.
+     * @param [includeNull=false] - The `includeNull` parameter in the `dfs` method is a boolean flag
+     * that determines whether null values should be included in the traversal or not. If `includeNull`
+     * is set to `true`, then null values will be included in the traversal process. If it is set to
+     * `false`,
+     * @returns The `dfs` method is returning an array of the return type specified by the generic type
+     * parameter `C`. The return type is determined by the callback function provided to the method.
      */
-    dfs(callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, pattern = 'IN', beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType, includeNull = false) {
+    dfs(callback = this._DEFAULT_BTN_CALLBACK, pattern = 'IN', beginRoot = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType, includeNull = false) {
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
         if (!beginRoot)
             return [];
@@ -1068,25 +1095,26 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time complexity: O(n)
      * Space complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `bfs` function performs a breadth-first search on a binary tree, calling a callback function
-     * on each node and returning an array of the results.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called for each node in
-     * the breadth-first search traversal. It takes a single argument, which is the current node being
-     * visited, and returns a value of any type.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
-     * starting point of the breadth-first search. It can be either a root node of a tree or a key, node,
-     * or entry object. If no value is provided, the `root` property of the class is used as the default
-     * starting point.
-     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter determines the type of
-     * iteration to be performed. It can have two possible values:
-     * @param [includeNull=false] - The `includeNull` parameter is a boolean value that determines
-     * whether or not to include null values in the breadth-first search (BFS) traversal. If
-     * `includeNull` is set to `true`, null values will be included in the traversal. If `includeNull` is
-     * set to `false
-     * @returns The function `bfs` returns an array of values that are the result of invoking the
-     * `callback` function on each node in the breadth-first order traversal of the binary tree.
+     * The `bfs` function performs a breadth-first search traversal on a binary tree or binary search
+     * tree, executing a specified callback function on each node visited.
+     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter in the `bfs` function is a function that will be
+     * called on each node visited during the breadth-first search traversal. It is a generic type `C`
+     * that extends the `BTNCallback` type, which takes a parameter of type `NODE` or `null`.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the `bfs`
+     * function represents the starting point for the breadth-first search traversal in a binary tree. It
+     * can be specified as a key, node, or entry in the binary tree structure. If not provided, the
+     * default value is the root node of the binary
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter in the `bfs` function
+     * determines the type of iteration to be performed on the binary tree nodes. It can have two
+     * possible values:
+     * @param [includeNull=false] - The `includeNull` parameter in the `bfs` function determines whether
+     * to include `null` values in the breadth-first search traversal of a binary tree. If `includeNull`
+     * is set to `true`, the traversal will include `null` values for nodes that do not have children
+     * (left
+     * @returns The `bfs` function returns an array of values that are the result of applying the
+     * provided callback function to each node in the binary tree in a breadth-first search manner.
      */
-    bfs(callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType, includeNull = false) {
+    bfs(callback = this._DEFAULT_BTN_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType, includeNull = false) {
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
         if (!beginRoot)
             return [];
@@ -1142,27 +1170,25 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time complexity: O(n)
      * Space complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `leaves` function in TypeScript iterates through a binary tree to find and return the leaf
-     * nodes based on a specified callback and iteration type.
+     * The `leaves` function in TypeScript returns an array of values from leaf nodes in a binary tree
+     * structure based on a specified callback and iteration type.
      * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called on each leaf node
-     * in the binary tree. It is a generic type `C` that extends `BTNCallback<NODE | null>`, where `NODE`
-     * represents a node in the binary tree. The default value for `callback` is
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the `leaves`
+     * in the binary tree. It is optional and defaults to a default callback function if not provided.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the `leaves`
      * method is used to specify the starting point for finding and processing the leaves of a binary
-     * tree. It represents the root node of the binary tree or a specific key, node, or entry within the
-     * tree from which the search for leaves should begin
+     * tree. It can be provided as either a key, a node, or an entry in the binary tree structure. If not
+     * explicitly provided, the default value
      * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter in the `leaves` method
      * specifies the type of iteration to be performed when collecting the leaves of a binary tree. It
      * can have two possible values:
      * @returns The `leaves` method returns an array of values that are the result of applying the
-     * provided callback function to the leaf nodes in the binary tree structure.
+     * provided callback function to each leaf node in the binary tree.
      */
-    leaves(callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
+    leaves(callback = this._DEFAULT_BTN_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
         const leaves = [];
-        if (!this.isRealNode(beginRoot)) {
+        if (!this.isRealNode(beginRoot))
             return [];
-        }
         if (iterationType === 'RECURSIVE') {
             const dfs = (cur) => {
                 if (this.isLeaf(cur)) {
@@ -1170,8 +1196,10 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
                 }
                 if (!this.isRealNode(cur.left) && !this.isRealNode(cur.right))
                     return;
-                this.isRealNode(cur.left) && dfs(cur.left);
-                this.isRealNode(cur.right) && dfs(cur.right);
+                if (this.isRealNode(cur.left))
+                    dfs(cur.left);
+                if (this.isRealNode(cur.right))
+                    dfs(cur.right);
             };
             dfs(beginRoot);
         }
@@ -1183,8 +1211,10 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
                     if (this.isLeaf(cur)) {
                         leaves.push(callback(cur));
                     }
-                    this.isRealNode(cur.left) && queue.push(cur.left);
-                    this.isRealNode(cur.right) && queue.push(cur.right);
+                    if (this.isRealNode(cur.left))
+                        queue.push(cur.left);
+                    if (this.isRealNode(cur.right))
+                        queue.push(cur.right);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -1194,24 +1224,27 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time complexity: O(n)
      * Space complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `listLevels` function returns an array of arrays, where each inner array represents a level in
-     * a binary tree and contains the results of applying a callback function to the nodes at that level.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called for each node in
-     * the tree. It takes a node as an argument and returns a value. The return type of the callback
-     * function is determined by the generic type `C` which extends `BTNCallback<NODE | null>`.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
-     * starting point for traversing the tree. It can be either a root node, a key-value pair, or a node
-     * entry. If no value is provided, the `root` property of the class is used as the default starting
-     * point.
-     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter determines the type of
-     * iteration to be performed on the binary tree. It can have two possible values:
-     * @param [includeNull=false] - The `includeNull` parameter is a boolean value that determines
-     * whether or not to include null values in the resulting levels. If `includeNull` is set to `true`,
-     * null values will be included in the levels. If `includeNull` is set to `false`, null values will
-     * be excluded
-     * @returns The function `listLevels` returns a two-dimensional array of type `ReturnType<C>[][]`.
+     * The `listLevels` function in TypeScript generates a list of nodes at each level of a binary tree,
+     * using either recursive or iterative traversal based on the specified iteration type.
+     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be applied to each node in
+     * the binary tree during the traversal. It is used to process each node and determine what
+     * information to include in the output for each level of the tree.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the
+     * `listLevels` function represents the starting point for traversing the binary tree. It can be
+     * either a key, a node, or an entry in the binary tree. If not provided, the default value is the
+     * root of the binary tree.
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter in the `listLevels` function
+     * determines the type of iteration to be performed on the binary tree nodes. It can have two
+     * possible values:
+     * @param [includeNull=false] - The `includeNull` parameter in the `listLevels` method determines
+     * whether or not to include null nodes in the traversal of the binary tree. If `includeNull` is set
+     * to `true`, the traversal will include null nodes in the levels of the tree. If set to `false`,
+     * null
+     * @returns The `listLevels` method returns an array of arrays, where each inner array represents a
+     * level in a binary tree. Each inner array contains the return value of the provided callback
+     * function applied to the nodes at that level.
      */
-    listLevels(callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType, includeNull = false) {
+    listLevels(callback = this._DEFAULT_BTN_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType, includeNull = false) {
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
         const levelsNodes = [];
         if (!beginRoot)
@@ -1264,24 +1297,25 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time complexity: O(n)
      * Space complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `morris` function performs a depth-first traversal on a binary tree using the Morris traversal
-     * algorithm.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called for each node in
-     * the tree. It takes a single argument, which is the current node, and can return any value. The
-     * return type of the `callback` function is determined by the `ReturnType<C>` type, which represents
-     * the return
-     * @param {DFSOrderPattern} [pattern=IN] - The `pattern` parameter in the `morris` function is used
-     * to specify the order in which the nodes of a binary tree are traversed. It can take one of the
-     * following values:
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
-     * point for the traversal. It can be either a node object, a key, or an entry object. If no value is
-     * provided, the `root` of the tree is used as the starting point.
-     * @returns The function `morris` returns an array of values that are the return values of the
-     * callback function `callback`.
+     * The `morris` function in TypeScript performs a Depth-First Search traversal on a binary tree using
+     * Morris Traversal algorithm with different order patterns.
+     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter in the `morris` function is a function that will be
+     * called on each node in the binary tree during the traversal. It is of type `C`, which extends the
+     * `BTNCallback<NODE>` type. The default value for `callback` is `this._DEFAULT
+     * @param {DFSOrderPattern} [pattern=IN] - The `pattern` parameter in the `morris` function specifies
+     * the type of Depth-First Search (DFS) order pattern to traverse the binary tree. The possible
+     * values for the `pattern` parameter are:
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the `morris`
+     * function is the starting point for the Morris traversal algorithm. It represents the root node of
+     * the binary tree or the node from which the traversal should begin. It can be provided as either a
+     * key, a node, an entry, or a reference
+     * @returns The `morris` function is returning an array of values that are the result of applying the
+     * provided callback function to each node in the binary tree in the specified order pattern (IN,
+     * PRE, or POST).
      */
-    morris(callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, pattern = 'IN', beginRoot = this.root) {
+    morris(callback = this._DEFAULT_BTN_CALLBACK, pattern = 'IN', beginRoot = this._root) {
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
-        if (beginRoot === null)
+        if (!beginRoot)
             return [];
         const ans = [];
         let cur = beginRoot;
@@ -1368,8 +1402,12 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time complexity: O(n)
      * Space complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `clone` function creates a deep copy of a tree object.
-     * @returns The `clone()` method is returning a cloned instance of the `TREE` object.
+     * The `clone` function creates a deep copy of a tree structure by traversing it using breadth-first
+     * search.
+     * @returns The `clone()` method is returning a cloned copy of the tree with the same structure and
+     * values as the original tree. The method creates a new tree, iterates over the nodes of the
+     * original tree using breadth-first search (bfs), and adds the nodes to the new tree. If a node in
+     * the original tree is null, a null node is added to the cloned tree. If a node
      */
     clone() {
         const cloned = this.createTree();
@@ -1378,23 +1416,24 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
                 cloned.add(null);
             else
                 cloned.add([node.key, node.value]);
-        }, this.root, this.iterationType, true);
+        }, this._root, this.iterationType, true);
         return cloned;
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `filter` function creates a new tree with entries that pass a given predicate function.
-     * @param predicate - The `predicate` parameter is a callback function that is used to test each
-     * element in the tree. It takes three arguments: `value`, `key`, and `index`. The `value` argument
-     * represents the value of the current element being processed, the `key` argument represents the key
-     * of the
-     * @param {any} [thisArg] - The `thisArg` parameter is an optional argument that allows you to
-     * specify the value of `this` within the `predicate` function. When the `predicate` function is
-     * called, `thisArg` will be used as the value of `this` within the function. If `thisArg`
-     * @returns The `filter` method is returning a new tree object that contains the entries that pass
-     * the given predicate function.
+     * The `filter` function iterates over key-value pairs in a tree data structure and creates a new
+     * tree with elements that satisfy a given predicate.
+     * @param predicate - The `predicate` parameter in the `filter` method is a function that will be
+     * called with four arguments: the `value` of the current entry, the `key` of the current entry, the
+     * `index` of the current entry in the iteration, and the reference to the tree itself (`
+     * @param {any} [thisArg] - The `thisArg` parameter in the `filter` method allows you to specify the
+     * value of `this` that should be used when executing the `predicate` function. This is useful when
+     * the `predicate` function relies on the context of a specific object or value. By providing a
+     * `thisArg
+     * @returns The `filter` method is returning a new tree that contains entries that pass the provided
+     * predicate function.
      */
     filter(predicate, thisArg) {
         const newTree = this.createTree();
@@ -1410,16 +1449,16 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `map` function creates a new tree by applying a callback function to each entry in the current
-     * tree.
-     * @param callback - The callback parameter is a function that will be called for each entry in the
-     * tree. It takes three arguments: value, key, and index. The value argument represents the value of
-     * the current entry, the key argument represents the key of the current entry, and the index
-     * argument represents the index of the
-     * @param {any} [thisArg] - The `thisArg` parameter is an optional argument that specifies the value
-     * to be used as `this` when executing the `callback` function. If `thisArg` is provided, it will be
-     * passed as the `this` value to the `callback` function. If `thisArg` is
-     * @returns The `map` method is returning a new tree object.
+     * The `map` function iterates over key-value pairs in a tree data structure, applies a callback
+     * function to each value, and returns a new tree with the updated values.
+     * @param callback - The `callback` parameter in the `map` method is a function that will be called
+     * on each entry in the tree. It takes four arguments:
+     * @param {any} [thisArg] - The `thisArg` parameter in the `map` function is an optional parameter
+     * that specifies the value to be passed as `this` when executing the callback function. If provided,
+     * the `thisArg` value will be used as the `this` value within the callback function. If `thisArg
+     * @returns The `map` method is returning a new tree with the entries modified by the provided
+     * callback function. Each entry in the original tree is passed to the callback function, and the
+     * result of the callback function is added to the new tree.
      */
     map(callback, thisArg) {
         const newTree = this.createTree();
@@ -1442,17 +1481,21 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `print` function in TypeScript prints the binary tree structure with customizable options.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
-     * point for printing the binary tree. It can be either a node of the binary tree or a key or entry
-     * that exists in the binary tree. If no value is provided, the root of the binary tree will be used
-     * as the starting point.
-     * @param {BinaryTreePrintOptions} [options] - The `options` parameter is an optional object that
-     * allows you to customize the printing behavior. It has the following properties:
-     * @returns Nothing is being returned. The function has a return type of `void`, which means it does
-     * not return any value.
+     * The function `toVisual` in TypeScript overrides the visual representation of a binary tree with
+     * customizable options for displaying undefined, null, and sentinel nodes.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the
+     * `toVisual` method is used to specify the starting point for visualizing the binary tree structure.
+     * It can be a node, key, entry, or the root of the tree. If no specific starting point is provided,
+     * the default is set to the root
+     * @param {BinaryTreePrintOptions} [options] - The `options` parameter in the `toVisual` method is an
+     * object that contains the following properties:
+     * @returns The `override toVisual` method returns a string that represents the visual display of the
+     * binary tree based on the provided options for showing undefined, null, and Red-Black NIL nodes.
+     * The method constructs the visual representation by calling the `_displayAux` method and appending
+     * the lines to the output string. The final output string contains the visual representation of the
+     * binary tree with the specified options.
      */
-    print(beginRoot = this.root, options) {
+    toVisual(beginRoot = this._root, options) {
         const opts = { isShowUndefined: false, isShowNull: false, isShowRedBlackNIL: false, ...options };
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
         let output = '';
@@ -1482,50 +1525,49 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time complexity: O(n)
      * Space complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The function `_dfs` performs a depth-first search traversal on a binary tree structure based on
+     * The `_dfs` function performs a depth-first search traversal on a binary tree structure based on
      * the specified order pattern and callback function.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called on each node
-     * visited during the depth-first search. It is of type `C`, which extends
-     * `BTNCallback<OptBTNOrNull<NODE>>`. The default value is set to `this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK` if not
-     * provided.
+     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter in the `_dfs` method is a function that will be
+     * called on each node visited during the depth-first search traversal. It is of type `C`, which
+     * extends `BTNCallback<OptBTNOrNull<NODE>>`. The default value for this parameter is `this._DEFAULT
      * @param {DFSOrderPattern} [pattern=IN] - The `pattern` parameter in the `_dfs` method specifies the
-     * order in which the Depth-First Search (DFS) algorithm should traverse the nodes in a binary tree.
-     * It can have one of the following values:
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the `_dfs`
+     * order in which the nodes are visited during the Depth-First Search traversal. It can have one of
+     * the following values:
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter in the `_dfs`
      * method is used to specify the starting point for the depth-first search traversal in a binary
-     * tree. It can be provided as either the root node of the tree or a key, node, or entry that exists
-     * in the tree. If no specific `
+     * tree. It can be provided as either a `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry` object or a reference to the root node
+     * of the tree. If no specific
      * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter in the `_dfs` method
-     * specifies the type of iteration to be performed during the Depth-First Search (DFS) traversal. It
-     * can have two possible values:
+     * specifies the type of iteration to be performed during the Depth-First Search (DFS) traversal of a
+     * binary tree. It can have two possible values:
      * @param [includeNull=false] - The `includeNull` parameter in the `_dfs` method is a boolean flag
      * that determines whether null nodes should be included in the depth-first search traversal. If
-     * `includeNull` is set to `true`, the traversal will consider null nodes as valid nodes to visit and
-     * process. If set to `
+     * `includeNull` is set to `true`, null nodes will be considered during the traversal process. If it
+     * is set to `false`,
      * @param shouldVisitLeft - The `shouldVisitLeft` parameter is a function that takes a node as input
      * and returns a boolean value. It is used to determine whether the left child of a node should be
      * visited during the depth-first search traversal. By default, it checks if the node is truthy (not
      * null or undefined
-     * @param shouldVisitRight - The `shouldVisitRight` parameter is a function that takes a node as
-     * input and returns a boolean value. It is used to determine whether the right child of a node
+     * @param shouldVisitRight - The `shouldVisitRight` parameter is a function that takes a node as an
+     * argument and returns a boolean value. It is used to determine whether the right child of a node
      * should be visited during the depth-first search traversal. The default implementation checks if
-     * the node is truthy before visiting the right child.
+     * the node is truthy before visiting the right child
      * @param shouldVisitRoot - The `shouldVisitRoot` parameter is a function that takes a node as an
-     * argument and returns a boolean value. It is used to determine whether a given node should be
+     * argument and returns a boolean value. It is used to determine whether the root node should be
      * visited during the depth-first search traversal based on certain conditions. The default
      * implementation checks if the node is a real node or null based
-     * @param shouldProcessRoot - The `shouldProcessRoot` parameter is a function that takes a node as
-     * input and returns a boolean value indicating whether the node should be processed during the
-     * depth-first search traversal. The default implementation of this function simply returns `true`,
-     * meaning that by default all nodes will be processed. However, you can
-     * @returns The `_dfs` method returns an array of the return type of the callback function provided
+     * @param shouldProcessRoot - The `shouldProcessRoot` parameter is a function that takes a node as an
+     * argument and returns a boolean value indicating whether the node should be processed during the
+     * depth-first search traversal. The default implementation checks if the node is a real node or null
+     * based on the `includeNull` flag. If `
+     * @returns The function `_dfs` returns an array of the return type of the callback function provided
      * as input.
      */
-    _dfs(callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, pattern = 'IN', beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType, includeNull = false, shouldVisitLeft = node => !!node, shouldVisitRight = node => !!node, shouldVisitRoot = node => {
+    _dfs(callback = this._DEFAULT_BTN_CALLBACK, pattern = 'IN', beginRoot = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType, includeNull = false, shouldVisitLeft = node => !!node, shouldVisitRight = node => !!node, shouldVisitRoot = node => {
         if (includeNull)
             return this.isRealNodeOrNull(node);
         return this.isRealNode(node);
-    }, shouldProcessRoot = node => true) {
+    }, shouldProcessRoot = node => this.isRealNodeOrNull(node)) {
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
         if (!beginRoot)
             return [];
@@ -1616,13 +1658,18 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(1)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function `_getIterator` is a generator function that returns an iterator for the key-value
-     * pairs in a binary search tree.
-     * @param node - The `node` parameter represents the current node in the binary search tree. It is
-     * initially set to the root node of the tree.
-     * @returns an IterableIterator<[K, V | undefined]>.
+     * The function `_getIterator` returns an iterable iterator for a binary tree data structure, either
+     * using an iterative approach or a recursive approach based on the specified iteration type.
+     * @param node - The `node` parameter in the `_getIterator` method represents the current node being
+     * processed during iteration. It is initially set to the root node of the data structure (or the
+     * node passed as an argument), and then it is traversed through the data structure based on the
+     * iteration type specified (`ITER
+     * @returns The `_getIterator` method returns an IterableIterator containing key-value pairs of nodes
+     * in a binary tree structure. The method uses an iterative approach to traverse the tree based on
+     * the `iterationType` property. If the `iterationType` is set to 'ITERATIVE', the method uses a
+     * stack to perform an in-order traversal of the tree. If the `iterationType` is not 'ITERATIVE
      */
-    *_getIterator(node = this.root) {
+    *_getIterator(node = this._root) {
         if (!node)
             return;
         if (this.iterationType === 'ITERATIVE') {
@@ -1654,18 +1701,16 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `_displayAux` function is responsible for generating the display layout of a binary tree node,
-     * taking into account various options such as whether to show null, undefined, or NaN nodes.
-     * @param {OptBTNOrNull<NODE>} node - The `node` parameter represents a node in a binary tree.
-     * It can be of type `NODE`, `null`, or `undefined`.
-     * @param {BinaryTreePrintOptions} options - The `options` parameter is an object that contains the
-     * following properties:
-     * @returns The function `_displayAux` returns a `NodeDisplayLayout` which is an array containing the
-     * following elements:
-     * 1. `mergedLines`: An array of strings representing the lines of the node display.
-     * 2. `totalWidth`: The total width of the node display.
-     * 3. `totalHeight`: The total height of the node display.
-     * 4. `middleIndex`: The index of the middle character
+     * The function `_displayAux` in TypeScript is responsible for generating the display layout of nodes
+     * in a binary tree based on specified options.
+     * @param node - The `node` parameter in the `_displayAux` function represents a node in a binary
+     * tree. It can be either a valid node containing a key or a special type of node like null,
+     * undefined, or a Red-Black tree NIL node. The function checks the type of the node and its
+     * @param {BinaryTreePrintOptions} options - The `options` parameter in the `_displayAux` function
+     * contains the following properties:
+     * @returns The `_displayAux` function returns a `NodeDisplayLayout`, which is an array containing
+     * information about how to display a node in a binary tree. The `NodeDisplayLayout` consists of four
+     * elements:
      */
     _displayAux(node, options) {
         const { isShowNull, isShowUndefined, isShowRedBlackNIL } = options;
@@ -1719,19 +1764,21 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
             ];
         }
     }
-    _DEFAULT_CALLBACK = (node) => (node ? node.key : undefined);
+    _DEFAULT_BTN_CALLBACK = (node) => (node ? node.key : undefined);
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(1)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function `_swapProperties` swaps the key-value properties between two nodes.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} srcNode - The source node that will be swapped with the
-     * destination node. It can be either an instance of the class `R`, or an object of type
-     * `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
-     * @param {R | BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} destNode - The `destNode` parameter is the node where
-     * the properties will be swapped with the `srcNode`.
-     * @returns either the `destNode` object with its properties swapped with the `srcNode` object's
-     * properties, or `undefined` if either `srcNode` or `destNode` is falsy.
+     * The _swapProperties function swaps key and value properties between two nodes in a binary tree.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} srcNode - The `srcNode` parameter in the
+     * `_swapProperties` method can be either a BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry object containing key and value
+     * properties, or it can be of type R.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R} destNode - The `destNode` parameter in the
+     * `_swapProperties` method represents the node or entry where the properties will be swapped with
+     * the `srcNode`. It can be of type `BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>` or `R`. The method ensures that
+     * both `srcNode
+     * @returns The `_swapProperties` method returns either the `destNode` with its key and value swapped
+     * with the `srcNode`, or `undefined` if either `srcNode` or `destNode` is falsy.
      */
     _swapProperties(srcNode, destNode) {
         srcNode = this.ensureNode(srcNode);
@@ -1753,13 +1800,15 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(1)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function replaces a node in a binary tree with a new node, updating the parent, left child,
-     * right child, and root if necessary.
-     * @param {NODE} oldNode - The oldNode parameter represents the node that needs to be replaced in the
-     * tree.
-     * @param {NODE} newNode - The `newNode` parameter is the node that will replace the `oldNode` in the
-     * tree.
-     * @returns the newNode.
+     * The _replaceNode function replaces an old node with a new node in a binary tree structure.
+     * @param {NODE} oldNode - The `oldNode` parameter represents the node that you want to replace in a
+     * tree data structure.
+     * @param {NODE} newNode - The `newNode` parameter in the `_replaceNode` function represents the node
+     * that will replace the `oldNode` in a tree data structure. This function is responsible for
+     * updating the parent, left child, right child, and root (if necessary) references when replacing a
+     * node in the tree.
+     * @returns The method `_replaceNode` is returning the `newNode` that was passed as a parameter after
+     * replacing the `oldNode` with it in the binary tree structure.
      */
     _replaceNode(oldNode, newNode) {
         if (oldNode.parent) {
@@ -1773,8 +1822,8 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
         newNode.left = oldNode.left;
         newNode.right = oldNode.right;
         newNode.parent = oldNode.parent;
-        if (this.root === oldNode) {
-            this._root = newNode;
+        if (this._root === oldNode) {
+            this._setRoot(newNode);
         }
         return newNode;
     }
@@ -1782,10 +1831,10 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(1)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function sets the root property of an object to the provided value, and also updates the
-     * parent property of the new root.
-     * @param {OptBTNOrNull<NODE>} v - The parameter `v` is of type `OptBTNOrNull<NODE>`. This
-     * means that it can accept a value of type `NODE`, `null`, or `undefined`.
+     * The function _setRoot sets the root node of a data structure while updating the parent reference
+     * of the previous root node.
+     * @param v - The parameter `v` in the `_setRoot` method is of type `OptBTNOrNull<NODE>`, which means
+     * it can either be an optional `NODE` type or `null`.
      */
     _setRoot(v) {
         if (v) {
@@ -1797,19 +1846,46 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(1)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function `_ensureCallback` ensures that a callback function is provided and returns it.
-     * @param {ReturnType<C> | null | undefined} identifier - The `identifier` parameter is of type
-     * `ReturnType<C> | null | undefined`. This means it can accept a value that is the return type of
-     * the generic type `C`, or it can be `null` or `undefined`.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that takes a `node` as an argument
-     * and returns a value. It is of type `C`, which is a generic type that extends the
-     * `BTNCallback<NODE>` type.
-     * @returns the callback parameter.
+     * The function `_ensurePredicate` in TypeScript ensures that the input is converted into a valid
+     * predicate function for a binary tree node.
+     * @param {BTNKeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE> | R | BTNPredicate<NODE>} keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate - The
+     * `_ensurePredicate` method in the provided code snippet is responsible for ensuring that the input
+     * parameter `keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate` is transformed into a valid predicate function that can be
+     * used for filtering nodes in a binary tree.
+     * @returns A BTNPredicate<NODE> function is being returned.
      */
-    _ensureCallback(identifier, callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK) {
-        if ((!callback || callback === this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK) && this.isNode(identifier)) {
-            callback = (node => node);
+    _ensurePredicate(keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate) {
+        if (keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate === null || keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate === undefined)
+            return (node) => (node ? false : false);
+        if (this._isPredicated(keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate))
+            return keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate;
+        if (this.isRealNode(keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate))
+            return (node) => node === keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate;
+        if (this.isEntry(keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate)) {
+            const [key] = keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate;
+            return (node) => node.key === key;
         }
-        return callback;
+        if (this.isKey(keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate))
+            return (node) => node.key === keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate;
+        if (this._toEntryFn) {
+            const [key] = this._toEntryFn(keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate);
+            return (node) => node.key === key;
+        }
+        return (node) => node.key === keyOrEntryOrRawOrPredicate;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Time Complexity: O(1)
+     * Space Complexity: O(1)
+     *
+     * The function `_isPredicated` checks if a given parameter is a function.
+     * @param {any} p - The parameter `p` is a variable of type `any`, which means it can hold any type
+     * of value. In this context, the function `_isPredicated` is checking if `p` is a function that
+     * satisfies the type `BTNPredicate<NODE>`.
+     * @returns The function is checking if the input `p` is a function and returning a boolean value
+     * based on that check. If `p` is a function, it will return `true`, indicating that `p` is a
+     * predicate function for a binary tree node. If `p` is not a function, it will return `false`.
+     */
+    _isPredicated(p) {
+        return typeof p === 'function';
     }
 }