data-structure-typed 1.51.7 → 1.51.9

package/dist/mjs/data-structures/binary-tree/binary-tree.js

@@ -97,34 +97,25 @@ export class BinaryTreeNode {
 export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     iterationType = 'ITERATIVE';
     /**
-     * The constructor function initializes a binary tree object with optional keysOrNodesOrEntries and options.
-     * @param [keysOrNodesOrEntries] - An optional iterable of KeyOrNodeOrEntry objects. These objects represent the
+     * The constructor function initializes a binary tree object with optional keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements and options.
+     * @param [keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements] - An optional iterable of KeyOrNodeOrEntry objects. These objects represent the
      * nodes to be added to the binary tree.
      * @param [options] - The `options` parameter is an optional object that can contain additional
      * configuration options for the binary tree. In this case, it is of type
      * `Partial<BinaryTreeOptions>`, which means that not all properties of `BinaryTreeOptions` are
      * required.
      */
-    constructor(keysOrNodesOrEntries = [], options) {
+    constructor(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements = [], options) {
         super();
         if (options) {
-            const { iterationType, extractor } = options;
+            const { iterationType, toEntryFn } = options;
             if (iterationType)
                 this.iterationType = iterationType;
-            if (extractor)
-                this._extractor = extractor;
+            if (typeof toEntryFn === 'function')
+                this._toEntryFn = toEntryFn;
         }
-        this._size = 0;
-        if (keysOrNodesOrEntries)
-            this.addMany(keysOrNodesOrEntries);
-    }
-    _extractor = (key) => (typeof key === 'number' ? key : Number(key));
-    /**
-     * The function returns the value of the `_extractor` property.
-     * @returns The `_extractor` property is being returned.
-     */
-    get extractor() {
-        return this._extractor;
+        if (keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements)
+            this.addMany(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements);
     }
     _root;
     /**
@@ -135,7 +126,7 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     get root() {
         return this._root;
     }
-    _size;
+    _size = 0;
     /**
      * The function returns the size of an object.
      * @returns The size of the object, which is a number.
@@ -151,6 +142,14 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     get NIL() {
         return this._NIL;
     }
+    _toEntryFn;
+    /**
+     * The function returns the value of the _toEntryFn property.
+     * @returns The function being returned is `this._toEntryFn`.
+     */
+    get toEntryFn() {
+        return this._toEntryFn;
+    }
     /**
      * Creates a new instance of BinaryTreeNode with the given key and value.
      * @param {K} key - The key for the new node.
@@ -171,42 +170,42 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
         return new BinaryTree([], { iterationType: this.iterationType, ...options });
     }
     /**
-     * The function `keyValueOrEntryToNode` converts an keyOrNodeOrEntry object into a node object.
-     * @param keyOrNodeOrEntry - The `keyOrNodeOrEntry` parameter is of type `KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
+     * The function `keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode` converts a key-value pair, entry, or raw element
+     * into a node object.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement - The parameter
+     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement` can be of type `R` or `KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
      * @param {V} [value] - The `value` parameter is an optional value that can be passed to the
-     * `keyValueOrEntryToNode` function. It represents the value associated with the keyOrNodeOrEntry node. If no value
-     * is provided, it will be `undefined`.
-     * @returns a value of type NODE (node), or null, or undefined.
+     * `keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode` function. It represents the value associated with a key in a
+     * key-value pair. If provided, it will be used to create a node with the specified key and value.
+     * @returns The function `keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode` returns either a `NODE` object, `null`,
+     * or `undefined`.
      */
-    keyValueOrEntryToNode(keyOrNodeOrEntry, value) {
-        if (keyOrNodeOrEntry === undefined)
+    keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement, value) {
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement === undefined)
             return;
-        let node;
-        if (keyOrNodeOrEntry === null) {
-            node = null;
-        }
-        else if (this.isEntry(keyOrNodeOrEntry)) {
-            const [key, value] = keyOrNodeOrEntry;
-            if (key === undefined) {
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement === null)
+            return null;
+        if (this.isNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement))
+            return keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement;
+        if (this.toEntryFn) {
+            const [key, entryValue] = this.toEntryFn(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement);
+            if (key)
+                return this.createNode(key, entryValue ?? value);
+            else
                 return;
-            }
-            else if (key === null) {
-                node = null;
-            }
-            else {
-                node = this.createNode(key, value);
-            }
-        }
-        else if (this.isNode(keyOrNodeOrEntry)) {
-            node = keyOrNodeOrEntry;
         }
-        else if (!this.isNode(keyOrNodeOrEntry)) {
-            node = this.createNode(keyOrNodeOrEntry, value);
-        }
-        else {
-            return;
+        if (this.isEntry(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement)) {
+            const [key, value] = keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement;
+            if (key === undefined)
+                return;
+            else if (key === null)
+                return null;
+            else
+                return this.createNode(key, value);
         }
-        return node;
+        if (this.isKey(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement))
+            return this.createNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement, value);
+        return;
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
@@ -216,56 +215,56 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(log n)
      *
-     * The function `ensureNode` returns the node corresponding to the given key if it is a valid node
-     * key, otherwise it returns the key itself.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} keyOrNodeOrEntry - The `key` parameter can be of type `K`, `NODE`,
-     * `null`, or `undefined`. It represents a key used to identify a node in a binary tree.
-     * @param iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is an optional parameter that specifies the
-     * type of iteration to be used when searching for a node by key. It has a default value of
-     * `'ITERATIVE'`.
-     * @returns either the node corresponding to the given key if it is a valid node key, or the key
-     * itself if it is not a valid node key.
-     */
-    ensureNode(keyOrNodeOrEntry, iterationType = 'ITERATIVE') {
-        if (keyOrNodeOrEntry === this.NIL)
+     * The `ensureNode` function checks if the input is a valid node and returns it, or converts it to a
+     * node if it is a key or entry.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement - The parameter
+     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement` can accept a value of type `R`, `KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`, or
+     * a raw element.
+     * @param {IterationType} [iterationType=ITERATIVE] - The `iterationType` parameter is an optional
+     * parameter that specifies the type of iteration to be used when searching for a node. It has a
+     * default value of `'ITERATIVE'`.
+     * @returns The function `ensureNode` returns either a `NODE` object, `null`, or `undefined`.
+     */
+    ensureNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement, iterationType = 'ITERATIVE') {
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement === null)
+            return null;
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement === undefined)
+            return;
+        if (keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement === this.NIL)
             return;
-        if (this.isRealNode(keyOrNodeOrEntry)) {
-            return keyOrNodeOrEntry;
+        if (this.isNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement))
+            return keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement;
+        if (this.toEntryFn) {
+            const [key] = this.toEntryFn(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement);
+            if (key)
+                return this.getNodeByKey(key);
         }
-        if (this.isEntry(keyOrNodeOrEntry)) {
-            const key = keyOrNodeOrEntry[0];
+        if (this.isEntry(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement)) {
+            const key = keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement[0];
             if (key === null)
                 return null;
             if (key === undefined)
                 return;
             return this.getNodeByKey(key, iterationType);
         }
-        if (keyOrNodeOrEntry === null)
-            return null;
-        if (keyOrNodeOrEntry === undefined)
-            return;
-        return this.getNodeByKey(keyOrNodeOrEntry, iterationType);
-    }
-    /**
-     * The function checks if a given node is a real node or null.
-     * @param {any} node - The parameter `node` is of type `any`, which means it can be any data type.
-     * @returns a boolean value.
-     */
-    isNodeOrNull(node) {
-        return this.isRealNode(node) || node === null;
+        if (this.isKey(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement))
+            return this.getNodeByKey(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement, iterationType);
+        return;
     }
     /**
-     * The function "isNode" checks if an keyOrNodeOrEntry is an instance of the BinaryTreeNode class.
-     * @param keyOrNodeOrEntry - The `keyOrNodeOrEntry` parameter is a variable of type `KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V,NODE>`.
-     * @returns a boolean value indicating whether the keyOrNodeOrEntry is an instance of the class NODE.
+     * The function checks if the input is an instance of the BinaryTreeNode class.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement - The parameter
+     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement` can be of type `R` or `KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
+     * @returns a boolean value indicating whether the input parameter `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement` is
+     * an instance of the `BinaryTreeNode` class.
      */
-    isNode(keyOrNodeOrEntry) {
-        return keyOrNodeOrEntry instanceof BinaryTreeNode;
+    isNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement) {
+        return keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement instanceof BinaryTreeNode;
     }
     /**
-     * The function checks if a given node is a real node by verifying if it is an instance of
-     * BinaryTreeNode and its key is not NaN.
-     * @param {any} node - The parameter `node` is of type `any`, which means it can be any data type.
+     * The function checks if a given node is a valid node in a binary search tree.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} node - The parameter `node` can be of type `R` or
+     * `KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
      * @returns a boolean value.
      */
     isRealNode(node) {
@@ -274,21 +273,64 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
         return this.isNode(node);
     }
     /**
-     * The function checks if a given node is a BinaryTreeNode instance and has a key value of NaN.
-     * @param {any} node - The parameter `node` is of type `any`, which means it can be any data type.
+     * The function checks if a given node is a real node or null.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} node - The parameter `node` can be of type `R` or
+     * `KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
+     * @returns a boolean value.
+     */
+    isNodeOrNull(node) {
+        return this.isRealNode(node) || node === null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * The function checks if a given node is equal to the NIL value.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} node - The parameter `node` can be of type `R` or
+     * `KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
      * @returns a boolean value.
      */
     isNIL(node) {
         return node === this.NIL;
     }
     /**
-     * The function checks if a given value is an entry in a binary tree node.
-     * @param keyOrNodeOrEntry - KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V,NODE> - A generic type representing a node in a binary tree. It has
-     * two type parameters V and NODE, representing the value and node type respectively.
+     * The function checks if the input is an array with two elements, indicating it is a binary tree
+     * node entry.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement - The parameter
+     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement` can be of type `R` or `KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
      * @returns a boolean value.
      */
-    isEntry(keyOrNodeOrEntry) {
-        return Array.isArray(keyOrNodeOrEntry) && keyOrNodeOrEntry.length === 2;
+    isEntry(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement) {
+        return Array.isArray(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement) && keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement.length === 2;
+    }
+    /**
+     * The function checks if a given value is a valid key by evaluating its type and value.
+     * @param {any} key - The `key` parameter can be of any type. It is the value that we want to check
+     * if it is a valid key.
+     * @param [isCheckValueOf=true] - The `isCheckValueOf` parameter is a boolean flag that determines
+     * whether the function should check the valueOf() method of an object when the key is of type
+     * 'object'. If `isCheckValueOf` is true, the function will recursively call itself with the value
+     * returned by key.valueOf().
+     * @returns a boolean value.
+     */
+    isKey(key, isCheckValueOf = true) {
+        if (key === null)
+            return true;
+        const keyType = typeof key;
+        if (keyType === 'string' || keyType === 'bigint' || keyType === 'boolean')
+            return true;
+        if (keyType === 'number')
+            return !isNaN(key);
+        if (keyType === 'symbol' || keyType === 'undefined')
+            return false;
+        if (keyType === 'function')
+            return this.isKey(key());
+        if (keyType === 'object') {
+            if (typeof key.toString === 'function')
+                return true;
+            if (isCheckValueOf && typeof key.valueOf === 'function') {
+                this.isKey(key.valueOf(), false);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+        return false;
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity O(n)
@@ -298,14 +340,20 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity O(n)
      * Space Complexity O(1)
      *
-     * The `add` function adds a new node to a binary tree, either by creating a new node or replacing an
-     * existing node with the same key.
-     * @param keyOrNodeOrEntry - The `keyOrNodeOrEntry` parameter can be one of the following:
-     * @param {V} [value] - The value to be inserted into the binary tree.
-     * @returns The function `add` returns either a node (`NODE`), `null`, or `undefined`.
-     */
-    add(keyOrNodeOrEntry, value) {
-        const newNode = this.keyValueOrEntryToNode(keyOrNodeOrEntry, value);
+     * The `add` function is used to insert a new node into a binary tree, checking for duplicate keys
+     * and finding the appropriate insertion position.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement - The
+     * `keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement` parameter can accept a value of type `R`, which represents the key,
+     * node, entry, or raw element to be added to the tree. It can also accept a value of type
+     * `KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>
+     * @param {V} [value] - The `value` parameter is an optional value that can be associated with the
+     * key being added to the tree. It represents the value that will be stored in the tree for the given
+     * key.
+     * @returns a boolean value. It returns `true` if the insertion is successful, and `false` if the
+     * insertion position cannot be found or if there are duplicate keys.
+     */
+    add(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement, value) {
+        const newNode = this.keyValueOrEntryOrRawElementToNode(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement, value);
         if (newNode === undefined)
             return false;
         // If the tree is empty, directly set the new node as the root node
@@ -359,20 +407,24 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(k * n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The `addMany` function takes in a collection of keysOrNodesOrEntries and an optional collection of values, and
-     * adds each node with its corresponding value to the data structure.
-     * @param keysOrNodesOrEntries - An iterable collection of KeyOrNodeOrEntry objects.
-     * @param [values] - An optional iterable of values that will be assigned to each node being added.
-     * @returns The function `addMany` returns an array of `NODE`, `null`, or `undefined` values.
-     */
-    addMany(keysOrNodesOrEntries, values) {
+     * The `addMany` function takes in an iterable of keys or nodes or entries or raw elements, and an
+     * optional iterable of values, and adds each key or node or entry with its corresponding value to a
+     * data structure, returning an array of booleans indicating whether each insertion was successful.
+     * @param keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements - An iterable containing keys, nodes, entries, or raw
+     * elements. These elements will be added to the data structure.
+     * @param [values] - An optional iterable of values that correspond to the keys or nodes or entries
+     * in the `keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements` parameter.
+     * @returns The function `addMany` returns an array of booleans indicating whether each element was
+     * successfully added to the data structure.
+     */
+    addMany(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements, values) {
         // TODO not sure addMany not be run multi times
         const inserted = [];
         let valuesIterator;
         if (values) {
             valuesIterator = values[Symbol.iterator]();
         }
-        for (const keyOrNodeOrEntry of keysOrNodesOrEntries) {
+        for (const keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement of keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements) {
             let value = undefined;
             if (valuesIterator) {
                 const valueResult = valuesIterator.next();
@@ -380,7 +432,7 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
                     value = valueResult.value;
                 }
             }
-            inserted.push(this.add(keyOrNodeOrEntry, value));
+            inserted.push(this.add(keyOrNodeOrEntryOrRawElement, value));
         }
         return inserted;
     }
@@ -393,36 +445,34 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(k * n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The `refill` function clears the current data and adds new key-value pairs to the data structure.
-     * @param keysOrNodesOrEntries - An iterable containing keys, nodes, or entries. These can be of type
-     * KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>.
-     * @param [values] - The `values` parameter is an optional iterable that contains the values to be
-     * associated with the keys or nodes or entries in the `keysOrNodesOrEntries` parameter. If provided,
-     * the values will be associated with the corresponding keys or nodes or entries in the
-     * `keysOrNodesOrEntries` iterable
-     */
-    refill(keysOrNodesOrEntries, values) {
+     * The `refill` function clears the current data and adds new data to the collection.
+     * @param keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements - An iterable collection of keys, nodes, entries, or raw
+     * elements. These can be of any type (R) or a specific type (KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>).
+     * @param [values] - The `values` parameter is an optional iterable of values that will be associated
+     * with the keys or nodes being added. If provided, the values will be assigned to the corresponding
+     * keys or nodes. If not provided, the values will be set to `undefined`.
+     */
+    refill(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements, values) {
         this.clear();
-        this.addMany(keysOrNodesOrEntries, values);
+        this.addMany(keysOrNodesOrEntriesOrRawElements, values);
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
-     * /
-  
-     /**
+     */
+    /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function deletes a node from a binary tree and returns an array of the deleted nodes along
-     * with the nodes that need to be balanced.
-     * @param {ReturnType<C> | null | undefined} identifier - The identifier parameter is the value or
-     * object that you want to delete from the binary tree. It can be of any type that is compatible with
-     * the callback function's return type. It can also be null or undefined if you want to delete a
-     * specific node based on its value or object.
+     * The above function is a TypeScript implementation of deleting a node from a binary tree, returning
+     * the deleted node and the node that needs to be balanced.
+     * @param {ReturnType<C> | null | undefined} identifier - The `identifier` parameter is the value
+     * used to identify the node that needs to be deleted from the binary tree. It can be of any type
+     * that is returned by the callback function.
      * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that is used to determine the
-     * identifier of the node to be deleted. It is optional and has a default value of
-     * `this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK`. The `callback` function should return the identifier of the node.
+     * identifier of the node to be deleted. It is of type `C`, which extends the `BTNCallback<NODE>`
+     * interface. The `BTNCallback<NODE>` interface represents a callback function that takes a node of
+     * type `NODE
      * @returns an array of `BinaryTreeDeleteResult<NODE>`.
      */
     delete(identifier, callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK) {
@@ -477,28 +527,27 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      */
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(k + log n).
+     * Space Complexity: O(k + log n)
      *
-     * The function `getNodes` retrieves nodes from a binary tree based on a given identifier and
-     * callback function.
+     * The function `getNodes` returns an array of nodes that match a given identifier, using either a
+     * recursive or iterative approach.
      * @param {ReturnType<C> | null | undefined} identifier - The `identifier` parameter is the value
-     * that you want to search for in the binary tree. It can be of any type that is returned by the
-     * callback function `C`. It can also be `null` or `undefined` if you don't want to search for a
-     * specific value.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that takes a node of type `NODE` as
-     * input and returns a value of type `C`. It is used to determine if a node matches the given
-     * identifier. If no callback is provided, the `_DEFAULT_CALLBACK` function is used as the
-     * default
-     * @param [onlyOne=false] - A boolean value indicating whether to only return the first node that
-     * matches the identifier. If set to true, the function will stop iterating once it finds a matching
-     * node and return that node. If set to false (default), the function will continue iterating and
-     * return all nodes that match the identifier.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
-     * starting node for the traversal. It can be either a key, a node object, or `null`/`undefined`. If
-     * it is `null` or `undefined`, an empty array will be returned.
-     * @param iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter determines the type of iteration used to
-     * traverse the binary tree. It can have two possible values:
-     * @returns an array of nodes of type `NODE`.
+     * that is used to identify the nodes. It can be of any type and is used to match against the result
+     * of the callback function for each node.
+     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that takes a node as input and
+     * returns a value. This value is used to identify the nodes that match the given identifier. The
+     * `callback` function is optional and defaults to a default callback function
+     * (`this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK`) if not provided.
+     * @param [onlyOne=false] - A boolean value indicating whether to return only one node that matches
+     * the identifier or all nodes that match the identifier. If set to true, only the first matching
+     * node will be returned. If set to false, all matching nodes will be returned. The default value is
+     * false.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
+     * point for the search. It can be either a node object, a key-value pair, or a key. If it is not
+     * provided, the `root` of the data structure is used as the starting point.
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter determines the type of
+     * iteration to be performed on the nodes of a binary tree. It can have two possible values:
+     * @returns an array of NODE objects.
      */
     getNodes(identifier, callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, onlyOne = false, beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
@@ -543,24 +592,21 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      */
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(log n)
+     * Space Complexity: O(log n).
      *
-     * The function `getNode` returns the first node that matches the given identifier and callback
-     * function.
+     * The function `getNode` returns the first node that matches the given identifier and callback,
+     * starting from the specified root node and using the specified iteration type.
      * @param {ReturnType<C> | null | undefined} identifier - The `identifier` parameter is the value
-     * used to identify the node you want to retrieve. It can be of any type that is returned by the
-     * callback function `C`. It can also be `null` or `undefined` if you don't have a specific
-     * identifier.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called for each node in
-     * the binary tree. It is used to determine if a node matches the given identifier. The `callback`
-     * function should take a single parameter of type `NODE` (the type of the nodes in the binary tree) and
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting point
-     * for searching the binary tree. It can be either a key value, a node object, or `null`/`undefined`.
-     * If `null` or `undefined` is passed, the search will start from the root of the binary tree.
-     * @param iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to specify the type of iteration to
-     * be performed when searching for nodes in the binary tree. It determines the order in which the
-     * nodes are visited during the search.
-     * @returns a value of type `NODE | null | undefined`.
+     * used to identify the node you want to retrieve. It can be of any type that is the return type of
+     * the `C` callback function, or it can be `null` or `undefined`.
+     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be used to determine if a
+     * node matches the desired criteria. It should return a value that can be used to identify the node.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
+     * point for searching nodes in a tree structure. It can be either a root node, a key-value pair, or
+     * a node entry. If not provided, the search will start from the root of the tree.
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to specify the type
+     * of iteration to be performed when searching for nodes. It can have one of the following values:
+     * @returns The method is returning a NODE object, or null, or undefined.
      */
     getNode(identifier, callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
         return this.getNodes(identifier, callback, true, beginRoot, iterationType)[0] ?? null;
@@ -573,15 +619,13 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(log n)
      *
-     * The function `getNodeByKey` searches for a node in a binary tree by its key, using either
-     * recursive or iterative iteration.
-     * @param {K} key - The `key` parameter is the key value that we are searching for in the tree.
-     * It is used to find the node with the matching key value.
-     * @param iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to determine whether the search for
-     * the node with the given key should be performed iteratively or recursively. It has two possible
-     * values:
-     * @returns The function `getNodeByKey` returns a node (`NODE`) if a node with the specified key is
-     * found in the binary tree. If no node is found, it returns `undefined`.
+     * The function `getNodeByKey` returns a node with a specific key value from a tree structure.
+     * @param {K} key - The key parameter is the value that you want to search for in the tree. It is
+     * used to find the node with the matching key value.
+     * @param {IterationType} [iterationType=ITERATIVE] - The `iterationType` parameter is an optional
+     * parameter that specifies the type of iteration to be used when searching for a node in the tree.
+     * It has a default value of `'ITERATIVE'`.
+     * @returns a value of type NODE, null, or undefined.
      */
     getNodeByKey(key, iterationType = 'ITERATIVE') {
         return this.getNode(key, this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, this.root, iterationType);
@@ -594,51 +638,49 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(log n)
      *
-     * The function `get` retrieves the value of a node in a binary tree based on the provided identifier
-     * and callback function.
+     * The function `get` in TypeScript overrides the base class method and returns the value associated
+     * with the given identifier.
      * @param {ReturnType<C> | null | undefined} identifier - The `identifier` parameter is the value
-     * used to identify the node in the binary tree. It can be of any type that is the return type of the
+     * used to identify the node in the binary tree. It can be of any type that is returned by the
      * callback function `C`. It can also be `null` or `undefined` if no identifier is provided.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called with each node in
-     * the binary tree. It is used to determine whether a node matches the given identifier. The callback
-     * function should return a value that can be compared to the identifier to determine if it is a
-     * match.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting point
-     * for the search in the binary tree. It can be specified as a `K` (a unique identifier for a
-     * node), a node object of type `NODE`, or `null`/`undefined` to start the search from the root of
-     * @param iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to specify the type of iteration to
-     * be performed when searching for a node in the binary tree. It is an optional parameter with a
-     * default value specified by `this.iterationType`.
-     * @returns The value of the node with the given identifier is being returned. If the node is not
-     * found, `undefined` is returned.
+     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be used to determine if a
+     * node matches the given identifier. It is optional and defaults to `this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK`.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
+     * point for the search in the binary tree. It can be either a root node of the tree or a key, node,
+     * or entry object that exists in the tree. If no specific starting point is provided, the search
+     * will begin from the root of the
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to specify the type
+     * of iteration to be performed when searching for a node in the tree. It can have one of the
+     * following values:
+     * @returns The method is returning the value associated with the specified identifier in the binary
+     * tree.
      */
     get(identifier, callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
         return this.getNode(identifier, callback, beginRoot, iterationType)?.value;
     }
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(log n).
+     * Space Complexity: O(log n)
      */
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(log n).
+     * Space Complexity: O(log n)
      *
-     * The function checks if a Binary Tree Node with a specific identifier exists in the tree.
+     * The `has` function checks if a given identifier exists in the data structure and returns a boolean
+     * value.
      * @param {ReturnType<C> | null | undefined} identifier - The `identifier` parameter is the value
-     * that you want to search for in the binary tree. It can be of any type that is returned by the
-     * callback function `C`. It can also be `null` or `undefined` if you don't want to specify a
-     * specific identifier.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called for each node in
-     * the binary tree. It is used to filter the nodes based on certain conditions. The `callback`
-     * function should return a boolean value indicating whether the node should be included in the
-     * result or not.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting point
-     * for the search in the binary tree. It can be specified as a `K` (a unique identifier for a
-     * node in the binary tree), a node object (`NODE`), or `null`/`undefined` to start the search from
-     * @param iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is a variable that determines the type of
-     * iteration to be performed on the binary tree. It is used to specify whether the iteration should
-     * be performed in a pre-order, in-order, or post-order manner.
-     * @returns a boolean value.
+     * used to identify a specific node or entry in the data structure. It can be of any type that is
+     * returned by the callback function `C`. It can also be `null` or `undefined` if no specific
+     * identifier is provided.
+     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be used to determine
+     * whether a node should be included in the result or not. It is of type `C`, which extends the
+     * `BTNCallback<NODE>` type.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
+     * point for the iteration in the data structure. It can be either a root node, a key-value pair, or
+     * a node entry. If not specified, it defaults to the root of the data structure.
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to specify the type
+     * of iteration to be performed. It is an optional parameter with a default value of `IterationType`.
+     * @returns The method is returning a boolean value.
      */
     has(identifier, callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
         callback = this._ensureCallback(identifier, callback);
@@ -682,9 +724,10 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      *
      * The function checks if a binary tree is perfectly balanced by comparing the minimum height and the
      * height of the tree.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting point
-     * for calculating the height and minimum height of a binary tree. It can be either a `K` (a key
-     * value of a binary tree node), `NODE` (a node of a binary tree), `null`, or `undefined`. If
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The parameter `beginRoot` is optional and
+     * has a default value of `this.root`. It represents the starting point for checking if the tree is
+     * perfectly balanced. It can be either a root node (`R`), a key or node or entry
+     * (`KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE
      * @returns a boolean value.
      */
     isPerfectlyBalanced(beginRoot = this.root) {
@@ -698,12 +741,14 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function `isSubtreeBST` checks if a given binary tree is a valid binary search tree.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the root
-     * node of the binary search tree (BST) that you want to check if it is a subtree of another BST.
-     * @param iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is an optional parameter that specifies the
-     * type of iteration to use when checking if a subtree is a binary search tree (BST). It can have two
-     * possible values:
+     * The function `isBST` checks if a binary search tree is valid, either recursively or iteratively.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
+     * starting point for checking if a binary search tree (BST) is valid. It can be either a root node
+     * of the BST, a key value of a node in the BST, or an entry object containing both the key and value
+     * of a node in the BST
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to determine the type
+     * of iteration to be performed while checking if the binary search tree (BST) is valid. It can have
+     * two possible values:
      * @returns a boolean value.
      */
     isBST(beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
@@ -715,7 +760,7 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
             const dfs = (cur, min, max) => {
                 if (!this.isRealNode(cur))
                     return true;
-                const numKey = this.extractor(cur.key);
+                const numKey = Number(cur.key);
                 if (numKey <= min || numKey >= max)
                     return false;
                 return dfs(cur.left, min, numKey) && dfs(cur.right, numKey, max);
@@ -736,7 +781,7 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
                         curr = curr.left;
                     }
                     curr = stack.pop();
-                    const numKey = this.extractor(curr.key);
+                    const numKey = Number(curr.key);
                     if (!this.isRealNode(curr) || (!checkMax && prev >= numKey) || (checkMax && prev <= numKey))
                         return false;
                     prev = numKey;
@@ -756,25 +801,26 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function calculates the depth of a given node in a binary tree.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} dist - The `dist` parameter represents the node in
-     * the binary tree whose depth we want to find. It can be of type `K`, `NODE`, `null`, or
-     * `undefined`.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting node
-     * from which we want to calculate the depth. It can be either a `K` (binary tree node key) or
-     * `NODE` (binary tree node) or `null` or `undefined`. If no value is provided for `beginRoot
-     * @returns the depth of the `dist` relative to the `beginRoot`.
+     * The function calculates the depth of a given node or key in a tree-like data structure.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} dist - The `dist` parameter can be either a `R`
+     * (representing a root node), or a `KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>` (representing a key, node, or
+     * entry).
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is optional and
+     * represents the starting point from which to calculate the depth. It can be either a reference to a
+     * node in the tree or a key-value pair or an entry object. If not provided, the default value is
+     * `this.root`, which refers to the root node
+     * @returns the depth of a node in a tree structure.
      */
     getDepth(dist, beginRoot = this.root) {
-        dist = this.ensureNode(dist);
-        beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
+        let distEnsured = this.ensureNode(dist);
+        const beginRootEnsured = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
         let depth = 0;
-        while (dist?.parent) {
-            if (dist === beginRoot) {
+        while (distEnsured?.parent) {
+            if (distEnsured === beginRootEnsured) {
                 return depth;
             }
             depth++;
-            dist = dist.parent;
+            distEnsured = distEnsured.parent;
         }
         return depth;
     }
@@ -784,17 +830,16 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      */
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(log n)
+     * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function `getHeight` calculates the maximum height of a binary tree using either recursive or
-     * iterative traversal.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
-     * starting node of the binary tree from which we want to calculate the height. It can be of type
-     * `K`, `NODE`, `null`, or `undefined`. If not provided, it defaults to `this.root`.
-     * @param iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to determine whether to calculate the
-     * height of the tree using a recursive approach or an iterative approach. It can have two possible
-     * values:
-     * @returns the height of the binary tree.
+     * The `getHeight` function calculates the maximum height of a binary tree using either a recursive
+     * or iterative approach.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
+     * starting point for calculating the height of a tree. It can be either a root node (`R`), a key or
+     * node or entry (`KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`), or it defaults to the root of the current tree.
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter determines the type of
+     * iteration used to calculate the height of the tree. It can have two possible values:
+     * @returns the maximum height of the binary tree.
      */
     getHeight(beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
@@ -834,12 +879,15 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      *
      * The `getMinHeight` function calculates the minimum height of a binary tree using either a
      * recursive or iterative approach.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
-     * starting node of the binary tree from which we want to calculate the minimum height. It can be of
-     * type `K`, `NODE`, `null`, or `undefined`. If no value is provided, it defaults to `this.root`.
-     * @param iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to determine the method of iteration
-     * to calculate the minimum height of a binary tree. It can have two possible values:
-     * @returns The function `getMinHeight` returns the minimum height of a binary tree.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
+     * starting point for calculating the minimum height of a tree. It can be either a root node (`R`), a
+     * key or node or entry (`KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`), or it defaults to the root of the current
+     * tree.
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter determines the type of
+     * iteration to be used when calculating the minimum height of the tree. It can have two possible
+     * values:
+     * @returns The function `getMinHeight` returns a number, which represents the minimum height of the
+     * binary tree.
      */
     getMinHeight(beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
@@ -888,35 +936,31 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     /**
      * Time Complexity: O(log n)
      * Space Complexity: O(log n)
-     * /
-  
-     /**
+     */
+    /**
      * Time Complexity: O(log n)
      * Space Complexity: O(log n)
      *
-     * The function `getPathToRoot` returns an array of nodes from a given node to the root of a tree
-     * structure, with the option to reverse the order of the nodes.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginNode - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
-     * starting node from which you want to find the path to the root. It can be of type `K`, `NODE`,
-     * `null`, or `undefined`.
+     * The function `getPathToRoot` returns an array of nodes starting from a given node and traversing
+     * up to the root node, with an option to reverse the order of the nodes.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginNode - The `beginNode` parameter can be either of
+     * type `R` or `KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
      * @param [isReverse=true] - The `isReverse` parameter is a boolean flag that determines whether the
      * resulting path should be reversed or not. If `isReverse` is set to `true`, the path will be
-     * reversed before returning it. If `isReverse` is set to `false`, the path will be returned as is
-     * @returns The function `getPathToRoot` returns an array of nodes (`NODE[]`).
+     * reversed before returning it. If `isReverse` is set to `false` or not provided, the path will
+     * @returns The function `getPathToRoot` returns an array of `NODE` objects.
      */
     getPathToRoot(beginNode, isReverse = true) {
-        // TODO to support get path through passing key
         const result = [];
-        beginNode = this.ensureNode(beginNode);
-        if (!beginNode)
+        let beginNodeEnsured = this.ensureNode(beginNode);
+        if (!beginNodeEnsured)
             return result;
-        while (beginNode.parent) {
+        while (beginNodeEnsured.parent) {
             // Array.push + Array.reverse is more efficient than Array.unshift
-            // TODO may consider using Deque, so far this is not the performance bottleneck
-            result.push(beginNode);
-            beginNode = beginNode.parent;
+            result.push(beginNodeEnsured);
+            beginNodeEnsured = beginNodeEnsured.parent;
         }
-        result.push(beginNode);
+        result.push(beginNodeEnsured);
         return isReverse ? result.reverse() : result;
     }
     /**
@@ -927,15 +971,14 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(log n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function `getLeftMost` returns the leftmost node in a binary tree, either recursively or
-     * iteratively.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting point
-     * for finding the leftmost node in a binary tree. It can be either a `K` (a key value), `NODE` (a
-     * node), `null`, or `undefined`. If not provided, it defaults to `this.root`,
-     * @param iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to determine the type of iteration to
-     * be performed when finding the leftmost node in a binary tree. It can have two possible values:
-     * @returns The function `getLeftMost` returns the leftmost node (`NODE`) in the binary tree. If there
-     * is no leftmost node, it returns `null` or `undefined` depending on the input.
+     * The `getLeftMost` function returns the leftmost node in a binary tree, either using recursive or
+     * iterative traversal.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
+     * starting point for finding the leftmost node in a binary tree. It can be either a root node (`R`),
+     * a key or node or entry (`KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`), or `null` or `undefined`.
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to specify the type
+     * of iteration to be performed. It can have two possible values:
+     * @returns The function `getLeftMost` returns the leftmost node in a binary tree.
      */
     getLeftMost(beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
         if (this.isNIL(beginRoot))
@@ -969,16 +1012,15 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(log n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function `getRightMost` returns the rightmost node in a binary tree, either recursively or
+     * The `getRightMost` function returns the rightmost node in a binary tree, either recursively or
      * iteratively.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
-     * starting node from which we want to find the rightmost node. It can be of type `K`, `NODE`,
-     * `null`, or `undefined`. If not provided, it defaults to `this.root`, which is a property of the
-     * current object.
-     * @param iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is an optional parameter that specifies the
-     * type of iteration to use when finding the rightmost node. It can have one of two values:
-     * @returns The function `getRightMost` returns the rightmost node (`NODE`) in a binary tree. If there
-     * is no rightmost node, it returns `null` or `undefined`, depending on the input.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
+     * starting point for finding the rightmost node in a binary tree. It can be either a root node
+     * (`R`), a key or node or entry (`KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`), or `null` or `undefined`.
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter is used to specify the type
+     * of iteration to be performed when finding the rightmost node in a binary tree. It can have two
+     * possible values:
+     * @returns The function `getRightMost` returns a NODE object, `null`, or `undefined`.
      */
     getRightMost(beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
         if (this.isNIL(beginRoot))
@@ -1013,10 +1055,10 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(log n)
      * Space Complexity: O(1)
      *
-     * The function returns the predecessor of a given node in a tree.
-     * @param {NODE} node - The parameter `node` is of type `RedBlackTreeNode`, which represents a node in a
+     * The function returns the predecessor node of a given node in a binary tree.
+     * @param {NODE} node - The parameter "node" is of type "NODE", which represents a node in a binary
      * tree.
-     * @returns the predecessor of the given 'node'.
+     * @returns the predecessor node of the given node.
      */
     getPredecessor(node) {
         if (this.isRealNode(node.left)) {
@@ -1042,8 +1084,8 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      *
      * The function `getSuccessor` returns the next node in a binary tree given a current node.
      * @param {K | NODE | null} [x] - The parameter `x` can be of type `K`, `NODE`, or `null`.
-     * @returns the successor of the given node or key. The successor is the node that comes immediately
-     * after the given node in the inorder traversal of the binary tree.
+     * @returns The function `getSuccessor` returns a `NODE` object if a successor exists, `null` if
+     * there is no successor, and `undefined` if the input `x` is not a valid node.
      */
     getSuccessor(x) {
         x = this.ensureNode(x);
@@ -1062,30 +1104,29 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     /**
      * Time complexity: O(n)
      * Space complexity: O(n)
-     * /
-  
-     /**
+     */
+    /**
      * Time complexity: O(n)
      * Space complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `dfs` function performs a depth-first search traversal on a binary tree or graph, based on the
-     * specified pattern and iteration type, and returns an array of values obtained from applying a
-     * callback function to each visited node.
-     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called for each node in
-     * the tree during the depth-first search. It takes a single parameter, which can be of type `NODE`,
-     * `null`, or `undefined`, and returns a value of any type. The default value for this parameter is
-     * @param {DFSOrderPattern} [pattern=in] - The `pattern` parameter determines the order in which the
-     * nodes are traversed during the depth-first search. It can have one of the following values:
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting node
-     * for the depth-first search traversal. It can be specified as a key, a node object, or
-     * `null`/`undefined`. If not provided, the `beginRoot` will default to the root node of the tree.
-     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter determines the type of
-     * iteration to use when traversing the tree. It can have one of the following values:
+     * The `dfs` function performs a depth-first search traversal on a binary tree, executing a callback
+     * function on each node according to a specified pattern and iteration type.
+     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called for each node
+     * visited during the depth-first search. It takes a node as an argument and returns a value. The
+     * return type of the callback function is determined by the generic type `C`.
+     * @param {DFSOrderPattern} [pattern=IN] - The `pattern` parameter determines the order in which the
+     * nodes are visited during the depth-first search. It can have one of the following values:
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
+     * point of the depth-first search. It can be either a node object, a key-value pair, or a key. If it
+     * is a key or key-value pair, the method will find the corresponding node in the tree and start the
+     * search from there.
+     * @param {IterationType} [iterationType=ITERATIVE] - The `iterationType` parameter determines the
+     * type of iteration to use during the depth-first search. It can have two possible values:
      * @param [includeNull=false] - The `includeNull` parameter is a boolean value that determines
-     * whether null or undefined nodes should be included in the traversal. If `includeNull` is set to
-     * `true`, null or undefined nodes will be included in the traversal. If `includeNull` is set to
-     * `false`, null or undefined
-     * @returns an array of values that are the return values of the callback function.
+     * whether or not to include null values in the depth-first search traversal. If `includeNull` is set
+     * to `true`, null values will be included in the traversal. If `includeNull` is set to `false`, null
+     * values will
+     * @returns an array of the return types of the callback function.
      */
     dfs(callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, pattern = 'IN', beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = 'ITERATIVE', includeNull = false) {
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
@@ -1201,22 +1242,23 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time complexity: O(n)
      * Space complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `bfs` function performs a breadth-first search traversal on a binary tree, executing a
-     * callback function on each node.
+     * The `bfs` function performs a breadth-first search on a binary tree, calling a callback function
+     * on each node and returning an array of the results.
      * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called for each node in
-     * the breadth-first search traversal. It takes a single parameter, which is the current node being
+     * the breadth-first search traversal. It takes a single argument, which is the current node being
      * visited, and returns a value of any type.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
-     * starting node for the breadth-first search traversal. It can be specified as a key, a node object,
-     * or `null`/`undefined` to indicate the root of the tree. If not provided, the `root` property of
-     * the class is used as
-     * @param iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter determines the type of iteration to be
-     * performed during the breadth-first search (BFS). It can have two possible values:
-     * @param [includeNull=false] - The `includeNull` parameter is a boolean flag that determines whether
-     * to include null values in the breadth-first search traversal. If `includeNull` is set to
-     * `true`, null values will be included in the traversal, otherwise they will be skipped.
-     * @returns an array of values that are the result of invoking the callback function on each node in
-     * the breadth-first traversal of a binary tree.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
+     * starting point of the breadth-first search. It can be either a root node of a tree or a key, node,
+     * or entry object. If no value is provided, the `root` property of the class is used as the default
+     * starting point.
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter determines the type of
+     * iteration to be performed. It can have two possible values:
+     * @param [includeNull=false] - The `includeNull` parameter is a boolean value that determines
+     * whether or not to include null values in the breadth-first search (BFS) traversal. If
+     * `includeNull` is set to `true`, null values will be included in the traversal. If `includeNull` is
+     * set to `false
+     * @returns The function `bfs` returns an array of values that are the result of invoking the
+     * `callback` function on each node in the breadth-first order traversal of the binary tree.
      */
     bfs(callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, beginRoot = this.root, iterationType = this.iterationType, includeNull = false) {
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
@@ -1279,18 +1321,18 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Space complexity: O(n)
      *
      * The `listLevels` function returns an array of arrays, where each inner array represents a level in
-     * a binary tree and contains the values returned by a callback function applied to the nodes at that
-     * level.
+     * a binary tree and contains the results of applying a callback function to the nodes at that level.
      * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called for each node in
-     * the tree. It takes a single parameter, which can be of type `NODE`, `null`, or `undefined`, and
-     * returns a value of any type.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
-     * starting node for traversing the tree. It can be either a node object (`NODE`), a key value
-     * (`K`), `null`, or `undefined`. If not provided, it defaults to the root node of the tree.
-     * @param iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter determines the type of iteration to be
-     * performed on the tree. It can have two possible values:
+     * the tree. It takes a node as an argument and returns a value. The return type of the callback
+     * function is determined by the generic type `C` which extends `BTNCallback<NODE | null>`.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter represents the
+     * starting point for traversing the tree. It can be either a root node, a key-value pair, or a node
+     * entry. If no value is provided, the `root` property of the class is used as the default starting
+     * point.
+     * @param {IterationType} iterationType - The `iterationType` parameter determines the type of
+     * iteration to be performed on the binary tree. It can have two possible values:
      * @param [includeNull=false] - The `includeNull` parameter is a boolean value that determines
-     * whether to include null values in the resulting levels. If `includeNull` is set to `true`,
+     * whether or not to include null values in the resulting levels. If `includeNull` is set to `true`,
      * null values will be included in the levels. If `includeNull` is set to `false`, null values will
      * be excluded
      * @returns The function `listLevels` returns a two-dimensional array of type `ReturnType<C>[][]`.
@@ -1355,17 +1397,17 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * The `morris` function performs a depth-first traversal on a binary tree using the Morris traversal
      * algorithm.
      * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that will be called for each node in
-     * the tree. It takes a single parameter of type `NODE` (the type of the nodes in the tree) and returns
-     * a value of any type.
-     * @param {DFSOrderPattern} [pattern=in] - The `pattern` parameter in the `morris` function
-     * determines the order in which the nodes of a binary tree are traversed. It can have one of the
+     * the tree. It takes a single argument, which is the current node, and can return any value. The
+     * return type of the `callback` function is determined by the `ReturnType<C>` type, which represents
+     * the return
+     * @param {DFSOrderPattern} [pattern=IN] - The `pattern` parameter in the `morris` function is used
+     * to specify the order in which the nodes of a binary tree are traversed. It can take one of the
      * following values:
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting node
-     * for the traversal. It can be specified as a key, a node object, or `null`/`undefined` to indicate
-     * the root of the tree. If no value is provided, the default value is the root of the tree.
-     * @returns The function `morris` returns an array of values that are the result of invoking the
-     * `callback` function on each node in the binary tree. The type of the array nodes is determined
-     * by the return type of the `callback` function.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
+     * point for the traversal. It can be either a node object, a key, or an entry object. If no value is
+     * provided, the `root` of the tree is used as the starting point.
+     * @returns The function `morris` returns an array of values that are the return values of the
+     * callback function `callback`.
      */
     morris(callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK, pattern = 'IN', beginRoot = this.root) {
         beginRoot = this.ensureNode(beginRoot);
@@ -1460,8 +1502,7 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time complexity: O(n)
      * Space complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `clone` function creates a new tree object and copies all the nodes from the original tree to
-     * the new tree.
+     * The `clone` function creates a deep copy of a tree object.
      * @returns The `clone()` method is returning a cloned instance of the `TREE` object.
      */
     clone() {
@@ -1482,16 +1523,16 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `filter` function creates a new tree by iterating over the nodes of the current tree and
-     * adding only the nodes that satisfy the given predicate function.
-     * @param predicate - The `predicate` parameter is a function that takes three arguments: `value`,
-     * `key`, and `index`. It should return a boolean value indicating whether the pair should be
-     * included in the filtered tree or not.
-     * @param {any} [thisArg] - The `thisArg` parameter is an optional argument that specifies the value
-     * to be used as the `this` value when executing the `predicate` function. If `thisArg` is provided,
-     * it will be passed as the first argument to the `predicate` function. If `thisArg` is
-     * @returns The `filter` method is returning a new tree object that contains the key-value pairs that
-     * pass the given predicate function.
+     * The `filter` function creates a new tree with entries that pass a given predicate function.
+     * @param predicate - The `predicate` parameter is a callback function that is used to test each
+     * element in the tree. It takes three arguments: `value`, `key`, and `index`. The `value` argument
+     * represents the value of the current element being processed, the `key` argument represents the key
+     * of the
+     * @param {any} [thisArg] - The `thisArg` parameter is an optional argument that allows you to
+     * specify the value of `this` within the `predicate` function. When the `predicate` function is
+     * called, `thisArg` will be used as the value of `this` within the function. If `thisArg`
+     * @returns The `filter` method is returning a new tree object that contains the entries that pass
+     * the given predicate function.
      */
     filter(predicate, thisArg) {
         const newTree = this.createTree();
@@ -1511,15 +1552,15 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `map` function creates a new tree by applying a callback function to each key-value pair in
-     * the original tree.
-     * @param callback - The callback parameter is a function that will be called for each key-value pair
-     * in the tree. It takes four arguments: the value of the current pair, the key of the current pair,
-     * the index of the current pair, and a reference to the tree itself. The callback function should
-     * return a new
-     * @param {any} [thisArg] - The `thisArg` parameter is an optional argument that allows you to
-     * specify the value of `this` within the callback function. If you pass a value for `thisArg`, it
-     * will be used as the `this` value when the callback function is called. If you don't pass a value
+     * The `map` function creates a new tree by applying a callback function to each entry in the current
+     * tree.
+     * @param callback - The callback parameter is a function that will be called for each entry in the
+     * tree. It takes three arguments: value, key, and index. The value argument represents the value of
+     * the current entry, the key argument represents the key of the current entry, and the index
+     * argument represents the index of the
+     * @param {any} [thisArg] - The `thisArg` parameter is an optional argument that specifies the value
+     * to be used as `this` when executing the `callback` function. If `thisArg` is provided, it will be
+     * passed as the `this` value to the `callback` function. If `thisArg` is
      * @returns The `map` method is returning a new tree object.
      */
     map(callback, thisArg) {
@@ -1547,11 +1588,15 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
      * Time Complexity: O(n)
      * Space Complexity: O(n)
      *
-     * The `print` function is used to display a binary tree structure in a visually appealing way.
-     * @param {K | NODE | null | undefined} [beginRoot=this.root] - The `root` parameter is of type `K | NODE | null |
-     * undefined`. It represents the root node of a binary tree. The root node can have one of the
-     * following types:
-     * @param {BinaryTreePrintOptions} [options={ isShowUndefined: false, isShowNull: false, isShowRedBlackNIL: false}] - Options object that controls printing behavior. You can specify whether to display undefined, null, or sentinel nodes.
+     * The `print` function in TypeScript prints the binary tree structure with customizable options.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} beginRoot - The `beginRoot` parameter is the starting
+     * point for printing the binary tree. It can be either a node of the binary tree or a key or entry
+     * that exists in the binary tree. If no value is provided, the root of the binary tree will be used
+     * as the starting point.
+     * @param {BinaryTreePrintOptions} [options] - The `options` parameter is an optional object that
+     * allows you to customize the printing behavior. It has the following properties:
+     * @returns Nothing is being returned. The function has a return type of `void`, which means it does
+     * not return any value.
      */
     print(beginRoot = this.root, options) {
         const opts = { isShowUndefined: false, isShowNull: false, isShowRedBlackNIL: false, ...options };
@@ -1562,10 +1607,10 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
             console.log(`U for undefined
       `);
         if (opts.isShowNull)
-            console.log(`NODE for null
+            console.log(`N for null
       `);
         if (opts.isShowRedBlackNIL)
-            console.log(`S for Sentinel Node
+            console.log(`S for Sentinel Node(NIL)
       `);
         const display = (root) => {
             const [lines, , ,] = this._displayAux(root, opts);
@@ -1576,13 +1621,18 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
         display(beginRoot);
     }
     /**
-     * The function `_getIterator` is a protected generator function that returns an iterator for the
-     * key-value pairs in a binary search tree.
-     * @param node - The `node` parameter represents the current node in the binary search tree. It is an
-     * optional parameter with a default value of `this.root`, which means if no node is provided, the
-     * root node of the tree will be used as the starting point for iteration.
-     * @returns The function `_getIterator` returns an `IterableIterator` of key-value pairs `[K, V |
-     * undefined]`.
+     * Time Complexity: O(1)
+     * Space Complexity: O(1)
+     */
+    /**
+     * Time Complexity: O(1)
+     * Space Complexity: O(1)
+     *
+     * The function `_getIterator` is a generator function that returns an iterator for the key-value
+     * pairs in a binary search tree.
+     * @param node - The `node` parameter represents the current node in the binary search tree. It is
+     * initially set to the root node of the tree.
+     * @returns an IterableIterator<[K, V | undefined]>.
      */
     *_getIterator(node = this.root) {
         if (!node)
@@ -1591,28 +1641,35 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
             const stack = [];
             let current = node;
             while (current || stack.length > 0) {
-                while (current && !isNaN(this.extractor(current.key))) {
+                while (this.isRealNode(current)) {
                     stack.push(current);
                     current = current.left;
                 }
                 current = stack.pop();
-                if (current && !isNaN(this.extractor(current.key))) {
+                if (this.isRealNode(current)) {
                     yield [current.key, current.value];
                     current = current.right;
                 }
             }
         }
         else {
-            if (node.left && !isNaN(this.extractor(node.key))) {
+            if (node.left && this.isRealNode(node)) {
                 yield* this[Symbol.iterator](node.left);
             }
             yield [node.key, node.value];
-            if (node.right && !isNaN(this.extractor(node.key))) {
+            if (node.right && this.isRealNode(node)) {
                 yield* this[Symbol.iterator](node.right);
             }
         }
     }
     /**
+     * Time Complexity: O(n)
+     * Space Complexity: O(n)
+     */
+    /**
+     * Time Complexity: O(n)
+     * Space Complexity: O(n)
+     *
      * The `_displayAux` function is responsible for generating the display layout of a binary tree node,
      * taking into account various options such as whether to show null, undefined, or NaN nodes.
      * @param {NODE | null | undefined} node - The `node` parameter represents a node in a binary tree.
@@ -1636,12 +1693,12 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
         else if (node === undefined && !isShowUndefined) {
             return emptyDisplayLayout;
         }
-        else if (node !== null && node !== undefined && isNaN(this.extractor(node.key)) && !isShowRedBlackNIL) {
+        else if (this.isNIL(node) && !isShowRedBlackNIL) {
             return emptyDisplayLayout;
         }
         else if (node !== null && node !== undefined) {
             // Display logic of normal nodes
-            const key = node.key, line = isNaN(this.extractor(key)) ? 'S' : this.extractor(key).toString(), width = line.length;
+            const key = node.key, line = this.isNIL(node) ? 'S' : key.toString(), width = line.length;
             return _buildNodeDisplay(line, width, this._displayAux(node.left, options), this._displayAux(node.right, options));
         }
         else {
@@ -1680,10 +1737,21 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     }
     _DEFAULT_CALLBACK = (node) => (node ? node.key : undefined);
     /**
-     * Swap the data of two nodes in the binary tree.
-     * @param {NODE} srcNode - The source node to swap.
-     * @param {NODE} destNode - The destination node to swap.
-     * @returns {NODE} - The destination node after the swap.
+     * Time Complexity: O(1)
+     * Space Complexity: O(1)
+     */
+    /**
+     * Time Complexity: O(1)
+     * Space Complexity: O(1)
+     *
+     * The function `_swapProperties` swaps the key-value properties between two nodes.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} srcNode - The source node that will be swapped with the
+     * destination node. It can be either an instance of the class `R`, or an object of type
+     * `KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>`.
+     * @param {R | KeyOrNodeOrEntry<K, V, NODE>} destNode - The `destNode` parameter is the node where
+     * the properties will be swapped with the `srcNode`.
+     * @returns either the `destNode` object with its properties swapped with the `srcNode` object's
+     * properties, or `undefined` if either `srcNode` or `destNode` is falsy.
      */
     _swapProperties(srcNode, destNode) {
         srcNode = this.ensureNode(srcNode);
@@ -1702,12 +1770,20 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
         return undefined;
     }
     /**
-     * The function replaces an old node with a new node in a binary tree.
+     * Time Complexity: O(1)
+     * Space Complexity: O(1)
+     */
+    /**
+     * Time Complexity: O(1)
+     * Space Complexity: O(1)
+     *
+     * The function replaces a node in a binary tree with a new node, updating the parent, left child,
+     * right child, and root if necessary.
      * @param {NODE} oldNode - The oldNode parameter represents the node that needs to be replaced in the
      * tree.
      * @param {NODE} newNode - The `newNode` parameter is the node that will replace the `oldNode` in the
      * tree.
-     * @returns The method is returning the newNode.
+     * @returns the newNode.
      */
     _replaceNode(oldNode, newNode) {
         if (oldNode.parent) {
@@ -1727,10 +1803,17 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
         return newNode;
     }
     /**
-     * The function sets the root property of an object to a given value, and if the value is not null,
-     * it also sets the parent property of the value to undefined.
-     * @param {NODE | null | undefined} v - The parameter `v` is of type `NODE | null | undefined`, which means it can either be of
-     * type `NODE` or `null`.
+     * Time Complexity: O(1)
+     * Space Complexity: O(1)
+     */
+    /**
+     * Time Complexity: O(1)
+     * Space Complexity: O(1)
+     *
+     * The function sets the root property of an object to the provided value, and also updates the
+     * parent property of the new root.
+     * @param {NODE | null | undefined} v - The parameter `v` is of type `NODE | null | undefined`. This
+     * means that it can accept a value of type `NODE`, `null`, or `undefined`.
      */
     _setRoot(v) {
         if (v) {
@@ -1738,6 +1821,23 @@ export class BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
         }
         this._root = v;
     }
+    /**
+     * Time Complexity: O(1)
+     * Space Complexity: O(1)
+     */
+    /**
+     * Time Complexity: O(1)
+     * Space Complexity: O(1)
+     *
+     * The function `_ensureCallback` ensures that a callback function is provided and returns it.
+     * @param {ReturnType<C> | null | undefined} identifier - The `identifier` parameter is of type
+     * `ReturnType<C> | null | undefined`. This means it can accept a value that is the return type of
+     * the generic type `C`, or it can be `null` or `undefined`.
+     * @param {C} callback - The `callback` parameter is a function that takes a `node` as an argument
+     * and returns a value. It is of type `C`, which is a generic type that extends the
+     * `BTNCallback<NODE>` type.
+     * @returns the callback parameter.
+     */
     _ensureCallback(identifier, callback = this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK) {
         if ((!callback || callback === this._DEFAULT_CALLBACK) && this.isNode(identifier)) {
             callback = (node => node);