cui-llama.rn 1.1.4 → 1.1.6

package/cpp/common.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "common.h"
+#include "log.h"
 // Change JSON_ASSERT from assert() to LM_GGML_ASSERT:
 #define JSON_ASSERT LM_GGML_ASSERT
 #include "json.hpp"
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include <vector>
-#include <climits>
+#include <thread>
 
 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
 #include <sys/types.h>
@@ -49,7 +50,6 @@
 #if defined(LLAMA_USE_CURL)
 #include <curl/curl.h>
 #include <curl/easy.h>
-#include <thread>
 #include <future>
 #endif
 
@@ -63,14 +63,6 @@ char const *LLAMA_BUILD_TARGET = "unknown";
 #pragma warning(disable: 4244 4267) // possible loss of data
 #endif
 
-#if (defined(LM_GGML_USE_CUDA) || defined(LM_GGML_USE_SYCL))
-#define LM_GGML_USE_CUDA_SYCL
-#endif
-
-#if (defined(LM_GGML_USE_CUDA) || defined(LM_GGML_USE_SYCL)) || defined(LM_GGML_USE_VULKAN)
-#define LM_GGML_USE_CUDA_SYCL_VULKAN
-#endif
-
 #if defined(LLAMA_USE_CURL)
 #ifdef __linux__
 #include <linux/limits.h>
@@ -241,7 +233,7 @@ bool set_process_priority(enum lm_ggml_sched_priority prio) {
     }
 
     if (!SetPriorityClass(GetCurrentProcess(), p)) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "warn: failed to set process priority class %d : (%d)\n", prio, (int) GetLastError());
+        LOG_WRN("failed to set process priority class %d : (%d)\n", prio, (int) GetLastError());
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -266,7 +258,7 @@ bool set_process_priority(enum lm_ggml_sched_priority prio) {
     }
 
     if (!setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, p)) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "warn: failed to set process priority %d : %s (%d)\n", prio, strerror(errno), errno);
+        LOG_WRN("failed to set process priority %d : %s (%d)\n", prio, strerror(errno), errno);
         return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -278,53 +270,6 @@ bool set_process_priority(enum lm_ggml_sched_priority prio) {
 // CLI argument parsing
 //
 
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-#ifdef __MINGW32__
-#define LLAMA_COMMON_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(...) __attribute__((format(gnu_printf, __VA_ARGS__)))
-#else
-#define LLAMA_COMMON_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(...) __attribute__((format(printf, __VA_ARGS__)))
-#endif
-#else
-#define LLAMA_COMMON_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(...)
-#endif
-
-LLAMA_COMMON_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT(1, 2)
-static std::string format(const char * fmt, ...) {
-    va_list ap;
-    va_list ap2;
-    va_start(ap, fmt);
-    va_copy(ap2, ap);
-    int size = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, ap);
-    LM_GGML_ASSERT(size >= 0 && size < INT_MAX); // NOLINT
-    std::vector<char> buf(size + 1);
-    int size2 = vsnprintf(buf.data(), size + 1, fmt, ap2);
-    LM_GGML_ASSERT(size2 == size);
-    va_end(ap2);
-    va_end(ap);
-    return std::string(buf.data(), size);
-}
-
-static void gpt_params_handle_model_default(gpt_params & params) {
-    if (!params.hf_repo.empty()) {
-        // short-hand to avoid specifying --hf-file -> default it to --model
-        if (params.hf_file.empty()) {
-            if (params.model.empty()) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("error: --hf-repo requires either --hf-file or --model\n");
-            }
-            params.hf_file = params.model;
-        } else if (params.model.empty()) {
-            params.model = fs_get_cache_file(string_split(params.hf_file, '/').back());
-        }
-    } else if (!params.model_url.empty()) {
-        if (params.model.empty()) {
-            auto f = string_split(params.model_url, '#').front();
-            f = string_split(f, '?').front();
-            params.model = fs_get_cache_file(string_split(f, '/').back());
-        }
-    } else if (params.model.empty()) {
-        params.model = DEFAULT_MODEL_PATH;
-    }
-}
 
 void postprocess_cpu_params(cpu_params& cpuparams, const cpu_params* role_model) {
     int32_t n_set = 0;
@@ -346,158 +291,14 @@ void postprocess_cpu_params(cpu_params& cpuparams, const cpu_params* role_model)
 
     if (n_set && n_set < cpuparams.n_threads) {
         // Not enough set bits, may experience performance issues.
-        fprintf(stderr, "warn: Not enough set bits in CPU mask (%d) to satisfy requested thread count: %d\n", n_set, cpuparams.n_threads);
+        LOG_WRN("Not enough set bits in CPU mask (%d) to satisfy requested thread count: %d\n", n_set, cpuparams.n_threads);
     }
 }
 
-bool gpt_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params, std::vector<llama_arg> & options) {
-    std::string arg;
-    const std::string arg_prefix = "--";
-    gpt_sampler_params & sparams = params.sparams;
-
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, llama_arg *> arg_to_options;
-    for (auto & opt : options) {
-        for (const auto & arg : opt.args) {
-            arg_to_options[arg] = &opt;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // handle environment variables
-    for (auto & opt : options) {
-        std::string value;
-        if (opt.get_value_from_env(value)) {
-            try {
-                if (opt.handler_void && (value == "1" || value == "true")) {
-                    opt.handler_void(params);
-                }
-                if (opt.handler_int) {
-                    opt.handler_int(params, std::stoi(value));
-                }
-                if (opt.handler_string) {
-                    opt.handler_string(params, value);
-                    continue;
-                }
-            } catch (std::exception & e) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument(format(
-                    "error while handling environment variable \"%s\": %s\n\n", opt.env, e.what()));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // handle command line arguments
-    auto check_arg = [&](int i) {
-        if (i+1 >= argc) {
-            throw std::invalid_argument("expected value for argument");
-        }
-    };
-
-    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-        const std::string arg_prefix = "--";
-
-        std::string arg = argv[i];
-        if (arg.compare(0, arg_prefix.size(), arg_prefix) == 0) {
-            std::replace(arg.begin(), arg.end(), '_', '-');
-        }
-        if (arg_to_options.find(arg) == arg_to_options.end()) {
-            throw std::invalid_argument(format("error: invalid argument: %s", arg.c_str()));
-        }
-        auto opt = *arg_to_options[arg];
-        if (opt.has_value_from_env()) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "warn: %s environment variable is set, but will be overwritten by command line argument %s\n", opt.env, arg.c_str());
-        }
-        try {
-            if (opt.handler_void) {
-                opt.handler_void(params);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // arg with single value
-            check_arg(i);
-            std::string val = argv[++i];
-            if (opt.handler_int) {
-                opt.handler_int(params, std::stoi(val));
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (opt.handler_string) {
-                opt.handler_string(params, val);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            // arg with 2 values
-            check_arg(i);
-            std::string val2 = argv[++i];
-            if (opt.handler_str_str) {
-                opt.handler_str_str(params, val, val2);
-                continue;
-            }
-        } catch (std::exception & e) {
-            throw std::invalid_argument(format(
-                "error while handling argument \"%s\": %s\n\n"
-                "usage:\n%s\n\nto show complete usage, run with -h",
-                arg.c_str(), e.what(), arg_to_options[arg]->to_string().c_str()));
-        }
-    }
-
-    postprocess_cpu_params(params.cpuparams, nullptr);
-    postprocess_cpu_params(params.cpuparams_batch, &params.cpuparams);
-    postprocess_cpu_params(params.draft_cpuparams, &params.cpuparams);
-    postprocess_cpu_params(params.draft_cpuparams_batch, &params.cpuparams_batch);
-
-    if (params.prompt_cache_all && (params.interactive || params.interactive_first)) {
-        throw std::invalid_argument("error: --prompt-cache-all not supported in interactive mode yet\n");
-    }
-
-    gpt_params_handle_model_default(params);
-
-    if (params.escape) {
-        string_process_escapes(params.prompt);
-        string_process_escapes(params.input_prefix);
-        string_process_escapes(params.input_suffix);
-        for (auto & antiprompt : params.antiprompt) {
-            string_process_escapes(antiprompt);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!params.kv_overrides.empty()) {
-        params.kv_overrides.emplace_back();
-        params.kv_overrides.back().key[0] = 0;
-    }
-
-    if (sparams.seed == LLAMA_DEFAULT_SEED) {
-        sparams.seed = time(NULL);
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool gpt_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params, std::vector<llama_arg> & options) {
-    const auto params_org = params; // the example can modify the default params
-
-    try {
-        if (!gpt_params_parse_ex(argc, argv, params, options)) {
-            params = params_org;
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (params.usage) {
-            gpt_params_print_usage(params, options);
-            if (params.print_usage) {
-                params.print_usage(argc, argv);
-            }
-            exit(0);
-        }
-    } catch (const std::invalid_argument & ex) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", ex.what());
-        params = params_org;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
 bool parse_cpu_range(const std::string & range, bool (&boolmask)[LM_GGML_MAX_N_THREADS]) {
     size_t dash_loc = range.find('-');
     if (dash_loc == std::string::npos) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Format of CPU range is invalid! Expected [<start>]-[<end>].\n");
+        LOG_ERR("Format of CPU range is invalid! Expected [<start>]-[<end>].\n");
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -509,7 +310,7 @@ bool parse_cpu_range(const std::string & range, bool (&boolmask)[LM_GGML_MAX_N_T
     } else {
         start_i = std::stoull(range.substr(0, dash_loc));
         if (start_i >= LM_GGML_MAX_N_THREADS) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Start index out of bounds!\n");
+            LOG_ERR("Start index out of bounds!\n");
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -519,7 +320,7 @@ bool parse_cpu_range(const std::string & range, bool (&boolmask)[LM_GGML_MAX_N_T
     } else {
         end_i = std::stoull(range.substr(dash_loc + 1));
         if (end_i >= LM_GGML_MAX_N_THREADS) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "End index out of bounds!\n");
+            LOG_ERR("End index out of bounds!\n");
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -554,7 +355,7 @@ bool parse_cpu_mask(const std::string & mask, bool (&boolmask)[LM_GGML_MAX_N_THR
         } else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') {
             id -= 'A' - 10;
         } else {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Invalid hex character '%c' at position %d\n", c, int32_t(i));
+            LOG_ERR("Invalid hex character '%c' at position %d\n", c, int32_t(i));
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -567,1741 +368,20 @@ bool parse_cpu_mask(const std::string & mask, bool (&boolmask)[LM_GGML_MAX_N_THR
     return true;
 }
 
-static std::vector<std::string> break_str_into_lines(std::string input, size_t max_char_per_line) {
-    std::vector<std::string> result;
-    std::istringstream iss(input);
-    std::string line;
-    auto add_line = [&](const std::string& l) {
-        if (l.length() <= max_char_per_line) {
-            result.push_back(l);
-        } else {
-            std::istringstream line_stream(l);
-            std::string word, current_line;
-            while (line_stream >> word) {
-                if (current_line.length() + !current_line.empty() + word.length() > max_char_per_line) {
-                    if (!current_line.empty()) result.push_back(current_line);
-                    current_line = word;
-                } else {
-                    current_line += (!current_line.empty() ? " " : "") + word;
-                }
-            }
-            if (!current_line.empty()) result.push_back(current_line);
+void gpt_init() {
+    llama_log_set([](lm_ggml_log_level level, const char * text, void * /*user_data*/) {
+        if (LOG_DEFAULT_LLAMA <= gpt_log_verbosity_thold) {
+            gpt_log_add(gpt_log_main(), level, "%s", text);
         }
-    };
-    while (std::getline(iss, line)) {
-        add_line(line);
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-std::string llama_arg::to_string() {
-    // params for printing to console
-    const static int n_leading_spaces = 40;
-    const static int n_char_per_line_help = 70; // TODO: detect this based on current console
-    std::string leading_spaces(n_leading_spaces, ' ');
-
-    std::ostringstream ss;
-    for (const auto arg : args) {
-        if (arg == args.front()) {
-            if (args.size() == 1) {
-                ss << arg;
-            } else {
-                // first arg is usually abbreviation, we need padding to make it more beautiful
-                auto tmp = std::string(arg) + ", ";
-                ss << format("%-7s", tmp.c_str());
-            }
-        } else {
-            ss << arg << (arg != args.back() ? ", " : "");
-        }
-    }
-    if (value_hint) ss << " " << value_hint;
-    if (value_hint_2) ss << " " << value_hint_2;
-    if (ss.tellp() > n_leading_spaces - 3) {
-        // current line is too long, add new line
-        ss << "\n" << leading_spaces;
-    } else {
-        // padding between arg and help, same line
-        ss << std::string(leading_spaces.size() - ss.tellp(), ' ');
-    }
-    const auto help_lines = break_str_into_lines(help, n_char_per_line_help);
-    for (const auto & line : help_lines) {
-        ss << (&line == &help_lines.front() ? "" : leading_spaces) << line << "\n";
-    }
-    return ss.str();
-}
-
-void gpt_params_print_usage(gpt_params & params, std::vector<llama_arg> & options) {
-    auto print_options = [](std::vector<llama_arg *> & options) {
-        for (llama_arg * opt : options) {
-            printf("%s", opt->to_string().c_str());
-        }
-    };
-
-    std::vector<llama_arg *> common_options;
-    std::vector<llama_arg *> specific_options;
-    for (auto & opt : options) {
-        // in case multiple LLAMA_EXAMPLE_* are set, we prioritize the LLAMA_EXAMPLE_* matching current example
-        if (opt.in_example(params.curr_ex)) {
-            specific_options.push_back(&opt);
-        } else {
-            common_options.push_back(&opt);
-        }
-    }
-    printf("----- common options -----\n\n");
-    print_options(common_options);
-    // TODO: maybe convert enum llama_example to string
-    printf("\n\n----- example-specific options -----\n\n");
-    print_options(specific_options);
-}
-
-std::vector<llama_arg> gpt_params_parser_init(gpt_params & params, llama_example ex) {
-    return gpt_params_parser_init(params, ex, nullptr);
-}
-
-std::vector<llama_arg> gpt_params_parser_init(gpt_params & params, llama_example ex, std::function<void(int, char **)> print_usage) {
-    std::vector<llama_arg> options;
-    params.print_usage = print_usage;
-    params.curr_ex     = ex;
-
-    std::string sampler_type_chars;
-    std::string sampler_type_names;
-    for (const auto & sampler : params.sparams.samplers) {
-        sampler_type_chars += gpt_sampler_type_to_chr(sampler);
-        sampler_type_names += gpt_sampler_type_to_str(sampler) + ";";
-    }
-    sampler_type_names.pop_back();
-
-
-    /**
-     * filter options by example
-     * rules:
-     * - all examples inherit options from LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON
-     * - if LLAMA_EXAMPLE_* is set (other than COMMON), we only show the option in the corresponding example
-     * - if both {LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_*,} are set, we will prioritize the LLAMA_EXAMPLE_* matching current example
-     */
-    auto add_opt = [&](llama_arg arg) {
-        if (arg.in_example(ex) || arg.in_example(LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON)) {
-            options.push_back(std::move(arg));
-        }
-    };
-
+    }, NULL);
 
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-h", "--help", "--usage"},
-        "print usage and exit",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.usage = true;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--version"},
-        "show version and build info",
-        [](gpt_params &) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "version: %d (%s)\n", LLAMA_BUILD_NUMBER, LLAMA_COMMIT);
-            fprintf(stderr, "built with %s for %s\n", LLAMA_COMPILER, LLAMA_BUILD_TARGET);
-            exit(0);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-v", "--verbose"},
-        "print verbose information",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.verbosity = 1;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--verbosity"}, "N",
-        format("set specific verbosity level (default: %d)", params.verbosity),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.verbosity = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--verbose-prompt"},
-        format("print a verbose prompt before generation (default: %s)", params.verbose_prompt ? "true" : "false"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.verbose_prompt = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--no-display-prompt"},
-        format("don't print prompt at generation (default: %s)", !params.display_prompt ? "true" : "false"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.display_prompt = false;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-co", "--color"},
-        format("colorise output to distinguish prompt and user input from generations (default: %s)", params.use_color ? "true" : "false"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.use_color = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_INFILL}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-s", "--seed"}, "SEED",
-        format("RNG seed (default: %d, use random seed for < 0)", params.sparams.seed),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.seed = std::stoul(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-t", "--threads"}, "N",
-        format("number of threads to use during generation (default: %d)", params.cpuparams.n_threads),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.cpuparams.n_threads = value;
-            if (params.cpuparams.n_threads <= 0) {
-                params.cpuparams.n_threads = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
-            }
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_THREADS"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-tb", "--threads-batch"}, "N",
-        "number of threads to use during batch and prompt processing (default: same as --threads)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.cpuparams_batch.n_threads = value;
-            if (params.cpuparams_batch.n_threads <= 0) {
-                params.cpuparams_batch.n_threads = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
-            }
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-td", "--threads-draft"}, "N",
-        "number of threads to use during generation (default: same as --threads)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.draft_cpuparams.n_threads = value;
-            if (params.draft_cpuparams.n_threads <= 0) {
-                params.draft_cpuparams.n_threads = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
-            }
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-tbd", "--threads-batch-draft"}, "N",
-        "number of threads to use during batch and prompt processing (default: same as --threads-draft)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.draft_cpuparams_batch.n_threads = value;
-            if (params.draft_cpuparams_batch.n_threads <= 0) {
-                params.draft_cpuparams_batch.n_threads = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
-            }
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-C", "--cpu-mask"}, "M",
-        "CPU affinity mask: arbitrarily long hex. Complements cpu-range (default: \"\")",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & mask) {
-            params.cpuparams.mask_valid = true;
-            if (!parse_cpu_mask(mask, params.cpuparams.cpumask)) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid cpumask");
-            }
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-Cr", "--cpu-range"}, "lo-hi",
-        "range of CPUs for affinity. Complements --cpu-mask",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & range) {
-            params.cpuparams.mask_valid = true;
-            if (!parse_cpu_range(range, params.cpuparams.cpumask)) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid range");
-            }
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--cpu-strict"}, "<0|1>",
-        format("use strict CPU placement (default: %u)\n", (unsigned) params.cpuparams.strict_cpu),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.cpuparams.strict_cpu = std::stoul(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--prio"}, "N",
-        format("set process/thread priority : 0-normal, 1-medium, 2-high, 3-realtime (default: %d)\n", params.cpuparams.priority),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int prio) {
-            if (prio < 0 || prio > 3) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value");
-            }
-            params.cpuparams.priority = (enum lm_ggml_sched_priority) prio;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--poll"}, "<0...100>",
-        format("use polling level to wait for work (0 - no polling, default: %u)\n", (unsigned) params.cpuparams.poll),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.cpuparams.poll = std::stoul(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-Cb", "--cpu-mask-batch"}, "M",
-        "CPU affinity mask: arbitrarily long hex. Complements cpu-range-batch (default: same as --cpu-mask)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & mask) {
-            params.cpuparams_batch.mask_valid = true;
-            if (!parse_cpu_mask(mask, params.cpuparams_batch.cpumask)) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid cpumask");
-            }
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-Crb", "--cpu-range-batch"}, "lo-hi",
-        "ranges of CPUs for affinity. Complements --cpu-mask-batch",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & range) {
-            params.cpuparams_batch.mask_valid = true;
-            if (!parse_cpu_range(range, params.cpuparams_batch.cpumask)) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid range");
-            }
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--cpu-strict-batch"}, "<0|1>",
-        "use strict CPU placement (default: same as --cpu-strict)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.cpuparams_batch.strict_cpu = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--prio-batch"}, "N",
-        format("set process/thread priority : 0-normal, 1-medium, 2-high, 3-realtime (default: %d)\n", params.cpuparams_batch.priority),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int prio) {
-            if (prio < 0 || prio > 3) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value");
-            }
-            params.cpuparams_batch.priority = (enum lm_ggml_sched_priority) prio;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--poll-batch"}, "<0|1>",
-        "use polling to wait for work (default: same as --poll)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.cpuparams_batch.poll = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-Cd", "--cpu-mask-draft"}, "M",
-        "Draft model CPU affinity mask. Complements cpu-range-draft (default: same as --cpu-mask)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & mask) {
-            params.draft_cpuparams.mask_valid = true;
-            if (!parse_cpu_mask(mask, params.draft_cpuparams.cpumask)) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid cpumask");
-            }
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-Crd", "--cpu-range-draft"}, "lo-hi",
-        "Ranges of CPUs for affinity. Complements --cpu-mask-draft",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & range) {
-            params.draft_cpuparams.mask_valid = true;
-            if (!parse_cpu_range(range, params.draft_cpuparams.cpumask)) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid range");
-            }
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--cpu-strict-draft"}, "<0|1>",
-        "Use strict CPU placement for draft model (default: same as --cpu-strict)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.draft_cpuparams.strict_cpu = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--prio-draft"}, "N",
-        format("set draft process/thread priority : 0-normal, 1-medium, 2-high, 3-realtime (default: %d)\n", params.draft_cpuparams.priority),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int prio) {
-            if (prio < 0 || prio > 3) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value");
-            }
-            params.draft_cpuparams.priority = (enum lm_ggml_sched_priority) prio;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--poll-draft"}, "<0|1>",
-        "Use polling to wait for draft model work (default: same as --poll])",
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.draft_cpuparams.poll = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-Cbd", "--cpu-mask-batch-draft"}, "M",
-        "Draft model CPU affinity mask. Complements cpu-range-draft (default: same as --cpu-mask)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & mask) {
-            params.draft_cpuparams_batch.mask_valid = true;
-            if (!parse_cpu_mask(mask, params.draft_cpuparams_batch.cpumask)) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid cpumask");
-            }
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-Crbd", "--cpu-range-batch-draft"}, "lo-hi",
-        "Ranges of CPUs for affinity. Complements --cpu-mask-draft-batch)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & range) {
-            params.draft_cpuparams_batch.mask_valid = true;
-            if (!parse_cpu_range(range, params.draft_cpuparams_batch.cpumask)) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid cpumask");
-            }
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--cpu-strict-batch-draft"}, "<0|1>",
-        "Use strict CPU placement for draft model (default: --cpu-strict-draft)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.draft_cpuparams_batch.strict_cpu = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--prio-batch-draft"}, "N",
-        format("set draft process/thread priority : 0-normal, 1-medium, 2-high, 3-realtime (default: %d)\n", params.draft_cpuparams_batch.priority),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int prio) {
-            if (prio < 0 || prio > 3) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value");
-            }
-            params.draft_cpuparams_batch.priority = (enum lm_ggml_sched_priority) prio;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--poll-batch-draft"}, "<0|1>",
-        "Use polling to wait for draft model work (default: --poll-draft)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.draft_cpuparams_batch.poll = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--draft"}, "N",
-        format("number of tokens to draft for speculative decoding (default: %d)", params.n_draft),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_draft = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-ps", "--p-split"}, "N",
-        format("speculative decoding split probability (default: %.1f)", (double)params.p_split),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.p_split = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-lcs", "--lookup-cache-static"}, "FNAME",
-        "path to static lookup cache to use for lookup decoding (not updated by generation)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.lookup_cache_static = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-lcd", "--lookup-cache-dynamic"}, "FNAME",
-        "path to dynamic lookup cache to use for lookup decoding (updated by generation)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.lookup_cache_dynamic = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-c", "--ctx-size"}, "N",
-        format("size of the prompt context (default: %d, 0 = loaded from model)", params.n_ctx),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_ctx = value;
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_CTX_SIZE"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-n", "--predict", "--n-predict"}, "N",
-        format("number of tokens to predict (default: %d, -1 = infinity, -2 = until context filled)", params.n_predict),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_predict = value;
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_N_PREDICT"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-b", "--batch-size"}, "N",
-        format("logical maximum batch size (default: %d)", params.n_batch),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_batch = value;
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_BATCH"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-ub", "--ubatch-size"}, "N",
-        format("physical maximum batch size (default: %d)", params.n_ubatch),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_ubatch = value;
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_UBATCH"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--keep"}, "N",
-        format("number of tokens to keep from the initial prompt (default: %d, -1 = all)", params.n_keep),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_keep = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--chunks"}, "N",
-        format("max number of chunks to process (default: %d, -1 = all)", params.n_chunks),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_chunks = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-fa", "--flash-attn"},
-        format("enable Flash Attention (default: %s)", params.flash_attn ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.flash_attn = true;
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_FLASH_ATTN"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-p", "--prompt"}, "PROMPT",
-        ex == LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN
-            ? "prompt to start generation with\nif -cnv is set, this will be used as system prompt"
-            : "prompt to start generation with",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.prompt = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-f", "--file"}, "FNAME",
-        "a file containing the prompt (default: none)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            std::ifstream file(value);
-            if (!file) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("error: failed to open file '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
-            }
-            // store the external file name in params
-            params.prompt_file = value;
-            std::copy(std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(file), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(), back_inserter(params.prompt));
-            if (!params.prompt.empty() && params.prompt.back() == '\n') {
-                params.prompt.pop_back();
-            }
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--in-file"}, "FNAME",
-        "an input file (repeat to specify multiple files)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            std::ifstream file(value);
-            if (!file) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("error: failed to open file '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
-            }
-            params.in_files.push_back(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-bf", "--binary-file"}, "FNAME",
-        "binary file containing the prompt (default: none)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            std::ifstream file(value, std::ios::binary);
-            if (!file) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("error: failed to open file '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
-            }
-            // store the external file name in params
-            params.prompt_file = value;
-            std::ostringstream ss;
-            ss << file.rdbuf();
-            params.prompt = ss.str();
-            fprintf(stderr, "Read %zu bytes from binary file %s\n", params.prompt.size(), value.c_str());
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-e", "--escape"},
-        format("process escapes sequences (\\n, \\r, \\t, \\', \\\", \\\\) (default: %s)", params.escape ? "true" : "false"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.escape = true;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--no-escape"},
-        "do not process escape sequences",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.escape = false;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-ptc", "--print-token-count"}, "N",
-        format("print token count every N tokens (default: %d)", params.n_print),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_print = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--prompt-cache"}, "FNAME",
-        "file to cache prompt state for faster startup (default: none)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.path_prompt_cache = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--prompt-cache-all"},
-        "if specified, saves user input and generations to cache as well\n",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.prompt_cache_all = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--prompt-cache-ro"},
-        "if specified, uses the prompt cache but does not update it",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.prompt_cache_ro = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-r", "--reverse-prompt"}, "PROMPT",
-        "halt generation at PROMPT, return control in interactive mode\n",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.antiprompt.emplace_back(value);
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-sp", "--special"},
-        format("special tokens output enabled (default: %s)", params.special ? "true" : "false"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.special = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-cnv", "--conversation"},
-        format(
-            "run in conversation mode:\n"
-            "- does not print special tokens and suffix/prefix\n"
-            "- interactive mode is also enabled\n"
-            "(default: %s)",
-            params.conversation ? "true" : "false"
-        ),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.conversation = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-i", "--interactive"},
-        format("run in interactive mode (default: %s)", params.interactive ? "true" : "false"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.interactive = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-if", "--interactive-first"},
-        format("run in interactive mode and wait for input right away (default: %s)", params.interactive_first ? "true" : "false"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.interactive_first = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-mli", "--multiline-input"},
-        "allows you to write or paste multiple lines without ending each in '\\'",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.multiline_input = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--in-prefix-bos"},
-        "prefix BOS to user inputs, preceding the `--in-prefix` string",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.input_prefix_bos = true;
-            params.enable_chat_template = false;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--in-prefix"}, "STRING",
-        "string to prefix user inputs with (default: empty)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.input_prefix = value;
-            params.enable_chat_template = false;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--in-suffix"}, "STRING",
-        "string to suffix after user inputs with (default: empty)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.input_suffix = value;
-            params.enable_chat_template = false;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--no-warmup"},
-        "skip warming up the model with an empty run",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.warmup = false;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--spm-infill"},
-        format(
-            "use Suffix/Prefix/Middle pattern for infill (instead of Prefix/Suffix/Middle) as some models prefer this. (default: %s)",
-            params.spm_infill ? "enabled" : "disabled"
-        ),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.spm_infill = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_INFILL}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--samplers"}, "SAMPLERS",
-        format("samplers that will be used for generation in the order, separated by \';\'\n(default: %s)", sampler_type_names.c_str()),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            const auto sampler_names = string_split(value, ';');
-            params.sparams.samplers = gpt_sampler_types_from_names(sampler_names, true);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--sampling-seq"}, "SEQUENCE",
-        format("simplified sequence for samplers that will be used (default: %s)", sampler_type_chars.c_str()),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.samplers = gpt_sampler_types_from_chars(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--ignore-eos"},
-        "ignore end of stream token and continue generating (implies --logit-bias EOS-inf)",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.sparams.ignore_eos = true;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--penalize-nl"},
-        format("penalize newline tokens (default: %s)", params.sparams.penalize_nl ? "true" : "false"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.sparams.penalize_nl = true;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--temp"}, "N",
-        format("temperature (default: %.1f)", (double)params.sparams.temp),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.temp = std::stof(value);
-            params.sparams.temp = std::max(params.sparams.temp, 0.0f);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--top-k"}, "N",
-        format("top-k sampling (default: %d, 0 = disabled)", params.sparams.top_k),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.sparams.top_k = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--top-p"}, "N",
-        format("top-p sampling (default: %.1f, 1.0 = disabled)", (double)params.sparams.top_p),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.top_p = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--min-p"}, "N",
-        format("min-p sampling (default: %.1f, 0.0 = disabled)", (double)params.sparams.min_p),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.min_p = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--tfs"}, "N",
-        format("tail free sampling, parameter z (default: %.1f, 1.0 = disabled)", (double)params.sparams.tfs_z),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.tfs_z = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--typical"}, "N",
-        format("locally typical sampling, parameter p (default: %.1f, 1.0 = disabled)", (double)params.sparams.typ_p),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.typ_p = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--repeat-last-n"}, "N",
-        format("last n tokens to consider for penalize (default: %d, 0 = disabled, -1 = ctx_size)", params.sparams.penalty_last_n),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.sparams.penalty_last_n = value;
-            params.sparams.n_prev = std::max(params.sparams.n_prev, params.sparams.penalty_last_n);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--repeat-penalty"}, "N",
-        format("penalize repeat sequence of tokens (default: %.1f, 1.0 = disabled)", (double)params.sparams.penalty_repeat),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.penalty_repeat = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--presence-penalty"}, "N",
-        format("repeat alpha presence penalty (default: %.1f, 0.0 = disabled)", (double)params.sparams.penalty_present),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.penalty_present = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--frequency-penalty"}, "N",
-        format("repeat alpha frequency penalty (default: %.1f, 0.0 = disabled)", (double)params.sparams.penalty_freq),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.penalty_freq = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--dynatemp-range"}, "N",
-        format("dynamic temperature range (default: %.1f, 0.0 = disabled)", (double)params.sparams.dynatemp_range),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.dynatemp_range = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--dynatemp-exp"}, "N",
-        format("dynamic temperature exponent (default: %.1f)", (double)params.sparams.dynatemp_exponent),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.dynatemp_exponent = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--mirostat"}, "N",
-        format("use Mirostat sampling.\nTop K, Nucleus, Tail Free and Locally Typical samplers are ignored if used.\n"
-        "(default: %d, 0 = disabled, 1 = Mirostat, 2 = Mirostat 2.0)", params.sparams.mirostat),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.sparams.mirostat = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--mirostat-lr"}, "N",
-        format("Mirostat learning rate, parameter eta (default: %.1f)", (double)params.sparams.mirostat_eta),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.mirostat_eta = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--mirostat-ent"}, "N",
-        format("Mirostat target entropy, parameter tau (default: %.1f)", (double)params.sparams.mirostat_tau),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.mirostat_tau = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-l", "--logit-bias"}, "TOKEN_ID(+/-)BIAS",
-        "modifies the likelihood of token appearing in the completion,\n"
-        "i.e. `--logit-bias 15043+1` to increase likelihood of token ' Hello',\n"
-        "or `--logit-bias 15043-1` to decrease likelihood of token ' Hello'",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            std::stringstream ss(value);
-            llama_token key;
-            char sign;
-            std::string value_str;
-            try {
-                if (ss >> key && ss >> sign && std::getline(ss, value_str) && (sign == '+' || sign == '-')) {
-                    const float bias = std::stof(value_str) * ((sign == '-') ? -1.0f : 1.0f);
-                    params.sparams.logit_bias.push_back({key, bias});
-                } else {
-                    throw std::invalid_argument("invalid input format");
-                }
-            } catch (const std::exception&) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid input format");
-            }
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--grammar"}, "GRAMMAR",
-        format("BNF-like grammar to constrain generations (see samples in grammars/ dir) (default: '%s')", params.sparams.grammar.c_str()),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.grammar = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--grammar-file"}, "FNAME",
-        "file to read grammar from",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            std::ifstream file(value);
-            if (!file) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("error: failed to open file '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
-            }
-            std::copy(
-                std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(file),
-                std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(),
-                std::back_inserter(params.sparams.grammar)
-            );
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-j", "--json-schema"}, "SCHEMA",
-        "JSON schema to constrain generations (https://json-schema.org/), e.g. `{}` for any JSON object\nFor schemas w/ external $refs, use --grammar + example/json_schema_to_grammar.py instead",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sparams.grammar = json_schema_to_grammar(json::parse(value));
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--pooling"}, "{none,mean,cls,last}",
-        "pooling type for embeddings, use model default if unspecified",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            /**/ if (value == "none") { params.pooling_type = LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE; }
-            else if (value == "mean") { params.pooling_type = LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_MEAN; }
-            else if (value == "cls") { params.pooling_type = LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_CLS; }
-            else if (value == "last") { params.pooling_type = LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_LAST; }
-            else { throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value"); }
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDING}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--attention"}, "{causal,non,causal}",
-        "attention type for embeddings, use model default if unspecified",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            /**/ if (value == "causal") { params.attention_type = LLAMA_ATTENTION_TYPE_CAUSAL; }
-            else if (value == "non-causal") { params.attention_type = LLAMA_ATTENTION_TYPE_NON_CAUSAL; }
-            else { throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value"); }
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDING}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--rope-scaling"}, "{none,linear,yarn}",
-        "RoPE frequency scaling method, defaults to linear unless specified by the model",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            /**/ if (value == "none") { params.rope_scaling_type = LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_NONE; }
-            else if (value == "linear") { params.rope_scaling_type = LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_LINEAR; }
-            else if (value == "yarn") { params.rope_scaling_type = LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_YARN; }
-            else { throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value"); }
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--rope-scale"}, "N",
-        "RoPE context scaling factor, expands context by a factor of N",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.rope_freq_scale = 1.0f / std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--rope-freq-base"}, "N",
-        "RoPE base frequency, used by NTK-aware scaling (default: loaded from model)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.rope_freq_base = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--rope-freq-scale"}, "N",
-        "RoPE frequency scaling factor, expands context by a factor of 1/N",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.rope_freq_scale = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--yarn-orig-ctx"}, "N",
-        format("YaRN: original context size of model (default: %d = model training context size)", params.yarn_orig_ctx),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.yarn_orig_ctx = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--yarn-ext-factor"}, "N",
-        format("YaRN: extrapolation mix factor (default: %.1f, 0.0 = full interpolation)", (double)params.yarn_ext_factor),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.yarn_ext_factor = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--yarn-attn-factor"}, "N",
-        format("YaRN: scale sqrt(t) or attention magnitude (default: %.1f)", (double)params.yarn_attn_factor),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.yarn_attn_factor = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--yarn-beta-slow"}, "N",
-        format("YaRN: high correction dim or alpha (default: %.1f)", (double)params.yarn_beta_slow),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.yarn_beta_slow = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--yarn-beta-fast"}, "N",
-        format("YaRN: low correction dim or beta (default: %.1f)", (double)params.yarn_beta_fast),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.yarn_beta_fast = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-gan", "--grp-attn-n"}, "N",
-        format("group-attention factor (default: %d)", params.grp_attn_n),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.grp_attn_n = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-gaw", "--grp-attn-w"}, "N",
-        format("group-attention width (default: %.1f)", (double)params.grp_attn_w),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.grp_attn_w = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-dkvc", "--dump-kv-cache"},
-        "verbose print of the KV cache",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.dump_kv_cache = true;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-nkvo", "--no-kv-offload"},
-        "disable KV offload",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.no_kv_offload = true;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-ctk", "--cache-type-k"}, "TYPE",
-        format("KV cache data type for K (default: %s)", params.cache_type_k.c_str()),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            // TODO: get the type right here
-            params.cache_type_k = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-ctv", "--cache-type-v"}, "TYPE",
-        format("KV cache data type for V (default: %s)", params.cache_type_v.c_str()),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            // TODO: get the type right here
-            params.cache_type_v = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--perplexity", "--all-logits"},
-        format("return logits for all tokens in the batch (default: %s)", params.logits_all ? "true" : "false"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.logits_all = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--hellaswag"},
-        "compute HellaSwag score over random tasks from datafile supplied with -f",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.hellaswag = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--hellaswag-tasks"}, "N",
-        format("number of tasks to use when computing the HellaSwag score (default: %zu)", params.hellaswag_tasks),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.hellaswag_tasks = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--winogrande"},
-        "compute Winogrande score over random tasks from datafile supplied with -f",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.winogrande = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--winogrande-tasks"}, "N",
-        format("number of tasks to use when computing the Winogrande score (default: %zu)", params.winogrande_tasks),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.winogrande_tasks = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--multiple-choice"},
-        "compute multiple choice score over random tasks from datafile supplied with -f",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.multiple_choice = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--multiple-choice-tasks"}, "N",
-        format("number of tasks to use when computing the multiple choice score (default: %zu)", params.multiple_choice_tasks),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.multiple_choice_tasks = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--kl-divergence"},
-        "computes KL-divergence to logits provided via --kl-divergence-base",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.kl_divergence = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--save-all-logits", "--kl-divergence-base"}, "FNAME",
-        "set logits file",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.logits_file = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--ppl-stride"}, "N",
-        format("stride for perplexity calculation (default: %d)", params.ppl_stride),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.ppl_stride = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--ppl-output-type"}, "<0|1>",
-        format("output type for perplexity calculation (default: %d)", params.ppl_output_type),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.ppl_output_type = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-dt", "--defrag-thold"}, "N",
-        format("KV cache defragmentation threshold (default: %.1f, < 0 - disabled)", (double)params.defrag_thold),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.defrag_thold = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_DEFRAG_THOLD"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-np", "--parallel"}, "N",
-        format("number of parallel sequences to decode (default: %d)", params.n_parallel),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_parallel = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-ns", "--sequences"}, "N",
-        format("number of sequences to decode (default: %d)", params.n_sequences),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_sequences = value;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-cb", "--cont-batching"},
-        format("enable continuous batching (a.k.a dynamic batching) (default: %s)", params.cont_batching ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.cont_batching = true;
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_CONT_BATCHING"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-nocb", "--no-cont-batching"},
-        "disable continuous batching",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.cont_batching = false;
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_NO_CONT_BATCHING"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--mmproj"}, "FILE",
-        "path to a multimodal projector file for LLaVA. see examples/llava/README.md",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.mmproj = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LLAVA}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--image"}, "FILE",
-        "path to an image file. use with multimodal models. Specify multiple times for batching",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.image.emplace_back(value);
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LLAVA}));
-#ifdef LM_GGML_USE_RPC
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--rpc"}, "SERVERS",
-        "comma separated list of RPC servers",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.rpc_servers = value;
-        }
-    ));
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+    const char * build_type = "";
+#else
+    const char * build_type = " (debug)";
 #endif
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--mlock"},
-        "force system to keep model in RAM rather than swapping or compressing",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.use_mlock = true;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--no-mmap"},
-        "do not memory-map model (slower load but may reduce pageouts if not using mlock)",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.use_mmap = false;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--numa"}, "TYPE",
-        "attempt optimizations that help on some NUMA systems\n"
-        "- distribute: spread execution evenly over all nodes\n"
-        "- isolate: only spawn threads on CPUs on the node that execution started on\n"
-        "- numactl: use the CPU map provided by numactl\n"
-        "if run without this previously, it is recommended to drop the system page cache before using this\n"
-        "see https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues/1437",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            /**/ if (value == "distribute" || value == "") { params.numa = LM_GGML_NUMA_STRATEGY_DISTRIBUTE; }
-            else if (value == "isolate") { params.numa = LM_GGML_NUMA_STRATEGY_ISOLATE; }
-            else if (value == "numactl") { params.numa = LM_GGML_NUMA_STRATEGY_NUMACTL; }
-            else { throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value"); }
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-ngl", "--gpu-layers", "--n-gpu-layers"}, "N",
-        "number of layers to store in VRAM",
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_gpu_layers = value;
-            if (!llama_supports_gpu_offload()) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "warning: not compiled with GPU offload support, --gpu-layers option will be ignored\n");
-                fprintf(stderr, "warning: see main README.md for information on enabling GPU BLAS support\n");
-            }
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_N_GPU_LAYERS"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-ngld", "--gpu-layers-draft", "--n-gpu-layers-draft"}, "N",
-        "number of layers to store in VRAM for the draft model",
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_gpu_layers_draft = value;
-            if (!llama_supports_gpu_offload()) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "warning: not compiled with GPU offload support, --gpu-layers-draft option will be ignored\n");
-                fprintf(stderr, "warning: see main README.md for information on enabling GPU BLAS support\n");
-            }
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-sm", "--split-mode"}, "{none,layer,row}",
-        "how to split the model across multiple GPUs, one of:\n"
-        "- none: use one GPU only\n"
-        "- layer (default): split layers and KV across GPUs\n"
-        "- row: split rows across GPUs",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            std::string arg_next = value;
-            if (arg_next == "none") {
-                params.split_mode = LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_NONE;
-            } else if (arg_next == "layer") {
-                params.split_mode = LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_LAYER;
-            }
-            else if (arg_next == "row") {
-#ifdef LM_GGML_USE_SYCL
-                fprintf(stderr, "warning: The split mode value:[row] is not supported by llama.cpp with SYCL. It's developing.\nExit!\n");
-                exit(1);
-#endif // LM_GGML_USE_SYCL
-                params.split_mode = LLAMA_SPLIT_MODE_ROW;
-            }
-            else {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value");
-            }
-#ifndef LM_GGML_USE_CUDA_SYCL_VULKAN
-            fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without CUDA/SYCL/Vulkan. Setting the split mode has no effect.\n");
-#endif // LM_GGML_USE_CUDA_SYCL_VULKAN
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-ts", "--tensor-split"}, "N0,N1,N2,...",
-        "fraction of the model to offload to each GPU, comma-separated list of proportions, e.g. 3,1",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            std::string arg_next = value;
-
-            // split string by , and /
-            const std::regex regex{ R"([,/]+)" };
-            std::sregex_token_iterator it{ arg_next.begin(), arg_next.end(), regex, -1 };
-            std::vector<std::string> split_arg{ it, {} };
-            if (split_arg.size() >= llama_max_devices()) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument(
-                    format("got %d input configs, but system only has %d devices", (int)split_arg.size(), (int)llama_max_devices())
-                );
-            }
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < llama_max_devices(); ++i) {
-                if (i < split_arg.size()) {
-                        params.tensor_split[i] = std::stof(split_arg[i]);
-                } else {
-                        params.tensor_split[i] = 0.0f;
-                }
-            }
-#ifndef LM_GGML_USE_CUDA_SYCL_VULKAN
-            fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without CUDA/SYCL/Vulkan. Setting a tensor split has no effect.\n");
-#endif // LM_GGML_USE_CUDA_SYCL_VULKAN
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-mg", "--main-gpu"}, "INDEX",
-        format("the GPU to use for the model (with split-mode = none), or for intermediate results and KV (with split-mode = row) (default: %d)", params.main_gpu),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.main_gpu = value;
-#ifndef LM_GGML_USE_CUDA_SYCL_VULKAN
-            fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without CUDA/SYCL/Vulkan. Setting the main GPU has no effect.\n");
-#endif // LM_GGML_USE_CUDA_SYCL_VULKAN
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--check-tensors"},
-        format("check model tensor data for invalid values (default: %s)", params.check_tensors ? "true" : "false"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.check_tensors = true;
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--override-kv"}, "KEY=TYPE:VALUE",
-        "advanced option to override model metadata by key. may be specified multiple times.\n"
-        "types: int, float, bool, str. example: --override-kv tokenizer.ggml.add_bos_token=bool:false",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            if (!string_parse_kv_override(value.c_str(), params.kv_overrides)) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("error: Invalid type for KV override: %s\n", value.c_str()));
-            }
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--lora"}, "FNAME",
-        "path to LoRA adapter (can be repeated to use multiple adapters)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.lora_adapters.push_back({ std::string(value), 1.0 });
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_LORA}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--lora-scaled"}, "FNAME", "SCALE",
-        "path to LoRA adapter with user defined scaling (can be repeated to use multiple adapters)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & fname, const std::string & scale) {
-            params.lora_adapters.push_back({ fname, std::stof(scale) });
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_LORA}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--control-vector"}, "FNAME",
-        "add a control vector\nnote: this argument can be repeated to add multiple control vectors",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.control_vectors.push_back({ 1.0f, value, });
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--control-vector-scaled"}, "FNAME", "SCALE",
-        "add a control vector with user defined scaling SCALE\n"
-        "note: this argument can be repeated to add multiple scaled control vectors",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & fname, const std::string & scale) {
-            params.control_vectors.push_back({ std::stof(scale), fname });
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--control-vector-layer-range"}, "START", "END",
-        "layer range to apply the control vector(s) to, start and end inclusive",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & start, const std::string & end) {
-            params.control_vector_layer_start = std::stoi(start);
-            params.control_vector_layer_end = std::stoi(end);
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-a", "--alias"}, "STRING",
-        "set alias for model name (to be used by REST API)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.model_alias = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-m", "--model"}, "FNAME",
-        ex == LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_LORA
-            ? std::string("model path from which to load base model")
-            : format(
-                "model path (default: `models/$filename` with filename from `--hf-file` "
-                "or `--model-url` if set, otherwise %s)", DEFAULT_MODEL_PATH
-            ),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.model = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_LORA}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_MODEL"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-md", "--model-draft"}, "FNAME",
-        "draft model for speculative decoding (default: unused)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.model_draft = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-mu", "--model-url"}, "MODEL_URL",
-        "model download url (default: unused)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.model_url = value;
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_MODEL_URL"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-hfr", "--hf-repo"}, "REPO",
-        "Hugging Face model repository (default: unused)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.hf_repo = value;
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_HF_REPO"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-hff", "--hf-file"}, "FILE",
-        "Hugging Face model file (default: unused)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.hf_file = value;
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_HF_FILE"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-hft", "--hf-token"}, "TOKEN",
-        "Hugging Face access token (default: value from HF_TOKEN environment variable)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.hf_token = value;
-        }
-    ).set_env("HF_TOKEN"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--context-file"}, "FNAME",
-        "file to load context from (repeat to specify multiple files)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            std::ifstream file(value, std::ios::binary);
-            if (!file) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("error: failed to open file '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
-            }
-            params.context_files.push_back(value);
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_RETRIEVAL}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--chunk-size"}, "N",
-        format("minimum length of embedded text chunks (default: %d)", params.chunk_size),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.chunk_size = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_RETRIEVAL}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--chunk-separator"}, "STRING",
-        format("separator between chunks (default: '%s')", params.chunk_separator.c_str()),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.chunk_separator = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_RETRIEVAL}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--junk"}, "N",
-        format("number of times to repeat the junk text (default: %d)", params.n_junk),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_junk = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PASSKEY}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--pos"}, "N",
-        format("position of the passkey in the junk text (default: %d)", params.i_pos),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.i_pos = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PASSKEY}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-o", "--output", "--output-file"}, "FNAME",
-        format("output file (default: '%s')",
-            ex == LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_LORA
-                ? params.lora_outfile.c_str()
-                : ex == LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CVECTOR_GENERATOR
-                    ? params.cvector_outfile.c_str()
-                    : params.out_file.c_str()),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.out_file = value;
-            params.cvector_outfile = value;
-            params.lora_outfile = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_IMATRIX, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CVECTOR_GENERATOR, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_LORA}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-ofreq", "--output-frequency"}, "N",
-        format("output the imatrix every N iterations (default: %d)", params.n_out_freq),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_out_freq = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_IMATRIX}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--save-frequency"}, "N",
-        format("save an imatrix copy every N iterations (default: %d)", params.n_save_freq),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_save_freq = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_IMATRIX}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--process-output"},
-        format("collect data for the output tensor (default: %s)", params.process_output ? "true" : "false"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.process_output = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_IMATRIX}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--no-ppl"},
-        format("do not compute perplexity (default: %s)", params.compute_ppl ? "true" : "false"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.compute_ppl = false;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_IMATRIX}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--chunk", "--from-chunk"}, "N",
-        format("start processing the input from chunk N (default: %d)", params.i_chunk),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.i_chunk = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_IMATRIX}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-pps"},
-        format("is the prompt shared across parallel sequences (default: %s)", params.is_pp_shared ? "true" : "false"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.is_pp_shared = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_BENCH}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-npp"}, "n0,n1,...",
-        "number of prompt tokens",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            auto p = string_split<int>(value, ',');
-            params.n_pp.insert(params.n_pp.end(), p.begin(), p.end());
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_BENCH}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-ntg"}, "n0,n1,...",
-        "number of text generation tokens",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            auto p = string_split<int>(value, ',');
-            params.n_tg.insert(params.n_tg.end(), p.begin(), p.end());
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_BENCH}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-npl"}, "n0,n1,...",
-        "number of parallel prompts",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            auto p = string_split<int>(value, ',');
-            params.n_pl.insert(params.n_pl.end(), p.begin(), p.end());
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_BENCH}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--embd-normalize"}, "N",
-        format("normalisation for embendings (default: %d) (-1=none, 0=max absolute int16, 1=taxicab, 2=euclidean, >2=p-norm)", params.embd_normalize),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.embd_normalize = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDING}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--embd-output-format"}, "FORMAT",
-        "empty = default, \"array\" = [[],[]...], \"json\" = openai style, \"json+\" = same \"json\" + cosine similarity matrix",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.embd_out = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDING}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--embd-separator"}, "STRING",
-        "separator of embendings (default \\n) for example \"<#sep#>\"",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.embd_sep = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDING}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--host"}, "HOST",
-        format("ip address to listen (default: %s)", params.hostname.c_str()),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.hostname = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_HOST"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--port"}, "PORT",
-        format("port to listen (default: %d)", params.port),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.port = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_PORT"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--path"}, "PATH",
-        format("path to serve static files from (default: %s)", params.public_path.c_str()),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.public_path = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--embedding", "--embeddings"},
-        format("restrict to only support embedding use case; use only with dedicated embedding models (default: %s)", params.embedding ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.embedding = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_EMBEDDINGS"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--api-key"}, "KEY",
-        "API key to use for authentication (default: none)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.api_keys.push_back(value);
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_API_KEY"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--api-key-file"}, "FNAME",
-        "path to file containing API keys (default: none)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            std::ifstream key_file(value);
-            if (!key_file) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("error: failed to open file '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
-            }
-            std::string key;
-            while (std::getline(key_file, key)) {
-                if (!key.empty()) {
-                        params.api_keys.push_back(key);
-                }
-            }
-            key_file.close();
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--ssl-key-file"}, "FNAME",
-        "path to file a PEM-encoded SSL private key",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.ssl_file_key = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--ssl-cert-file"}, "FNAME",
-        "path to file a PEM-encoded SSL certificate",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.ssl_file_cert = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-to", "--timeout"}, "N",
-        format("server read/write timeout in seconds (default: %d)", params.timeout_read),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.timeout_read  = value;
-            params.timeout_write = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--threads-http"}, "N",
-        format("number of threads used to process HTTP requests (default: %d)", params.n_threads_http),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_threads_http = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_THREADS_HTTP"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-spf", "--system-prompt-file"}, "FNAME",
-        "set a file to load a system prompt (initial prompt of all slots), this is useful for chat applications",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            std::ifstream file(value);
-            if (!file) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format("error: failed to open file '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
-            }
-            std::string system_prompt;
-            std::copy(
-                        std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(file),
-                        std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(),
-                        std::back_inserter(system_prompt)
-                        );
-            params.system_prompt = system_prompt;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--log-format"}, "{text, json}",
-        "log output format: json or text (default: json)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            if (value == "json") {
-                params.log_json = true;
-            } else if (value == "text") {
-                params.log_json = false;
-            } else {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value");
-            }
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--metrics"},
-        format("enable prometheus compatible metrics endpoint (default: %s)", params.endpoint_metrics ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.endpoint_metrics = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_ENDPOINT_METRICS"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--no-slots"},
-        format("disables slots monitoring endpoint (default: %s)", params.endpoint_slots ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.endpoint_slots = false;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_NO_ENDPOINT_SLOTS"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--slot-save-path"}, "PATH",
-        "path to save slot kv cache (default: disabled)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.slot_save_path = value;
-            // if doesn't end with DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, add it
-            if (!params.slot_save_path.empty() && params.slot_save_path[params.slot_save_path.size() - 1] != DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) {
-                params.slot_save_path += DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
-            }
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--chat-template"}, "JINJA_TEMPLATE",
-        "set custom jinja chat template (default: template taken from model's metadata)\n"
-        "if suffix/prefix are specified, template will be disabled\n"
-        "only commonly used templates are accepted:\nhttps://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/wiki/Templates-supported-by-llama_chat_apply_template",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            if (!llama_chat_verify_template(value)) {
-                throw std::runtime_error(format(
-                    "error: the supplied chat template is not supported: %s\n"
-                    "note: llama.cpp does not use jinja parser, we only support commonly used templates\n",
-                    value.c_str()
-                ));
-            }
-            params.chat_template = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_CHAT_TEMPLATE"));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-sps", "--slot-prompt-similarity"}, "SIMILARITY",
-        format("how much the prompt of a request must match the prompt of a slot in order to use that slot (default: %.2f, 0.0 = disabled)\n", params.slot_prompt_similarity),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.slot_prompt_similarity = std::stof(value);
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--lora-init-without-apply"},
-        format("load LoRA adapters without applying them (apply later via POST /lora-adapters) (default: %s)", params.lora_init_without_apply ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.lora_init_without_apply = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--simple-io"},
-        "use basic IO for better compatibility in subprocesses and limited consoles",
-        [](gpt_params & params) {
-            params.simple_io = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_INFILL}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"-ld", "--logdir"}, "LOGDIR",
-        "path under which to save YAML logs (no logging if unset)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.logdir = value;
-
-            if (params.logdir.back() != DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) {
-                params.logdir += DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
-            }
-        }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--positive-file"}, "FNAME",
-        format("positive prompts file, one prompt per line (default: '%s')", params.cvector_positive_file.c_str()),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.cvector_positive_file = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CVECTOR_GENERATOR}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--negative-file"}, "FNAME",
-        format("negative prompts file, one prompt per line (default: '%s')", params.cvector_negative_file.c_str()),
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.cvector_negative_file = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CVECTOR_GENERATOR}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--pca-batch"}, "N",
-        format("batch size used for PCA. Larger batch runs faster, but uses more memory (default: %d)", params.n_pca_batch),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_pca_batch = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CVECTOR_GENERATOR}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--pca-iter"}, "N",
-        format("number of iterations used for PCA (default: %d)", params.n_pca_iterations),
-        [](gpt_params & params, int value) {
-            params.n_pca_iterations = value;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CVECTOR_GENERATOR}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--method"}, "{pca, mean}",
-        "dimensionality reduction method to be used (default: pca)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            /**/ if (value == "pca") { params.cvector_dimre_method = DIMRE_METHOD_PCA; }
-            else if (value == "mean") { params.cvector_dimre_method = DIMRE_METHOD_MEAN; }
-            else { throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value"); }
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CVECTOR_GENERATOR}));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--output-format"}, "{md,jsonl}",
-        "output format for batched-bench results (default: md)",
-        [](gpt_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            /**/ if (value == "jsonl") { params.batched_bench_output_jsonl = true; }
-            else if (value == "md") { params.batched_bench_output_jsonl = false; }
-            else { std::invalid_argument("invalid value"); }
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_BENCH}));
-#ifndef LOG_DISABLE_LOGS
-    // TODO: make this looks less weird
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--log-test"},
-        "Log test",
-        [](gpt_params &) { log_param_single_parse("--log-test"); }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--log-disable"},
-        "Log disable",
-        [](gpt_params &) { log_param_single_parse("--log-disable"); }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--log-enable"},
-        "Log enable",
-        [](gpt_params &) { log_param_single_parse("--log-enable"); }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--log-new"},
-        "Log new",
-        [](gpt_params &) { log_param_single_parse("--log-new"); }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--log-append"},
-        "Log append",
-        [](gpt_params &) { log_param_single_parse("--log-append"); }
-    ));
-    add_opt(llama_arg(
-        {"--log-file"}, "FNAME",
-        "Log file",
-        [](gpt_params &, const std::string & value) { log_param_pair_parse(false, "--log-file", value); }
-    ));
-#endif // LOG_DISABLE_LOGS
-
-    return options;
+
+    LOG_INF("build: %d (%s) with %s for %s%s\n", LLAMA_BUILD_NUMBER, LLAMA_COMMIT, LLAMA_COMPILER, LLAMA_BUILD_TARGET, build_type);
 }
 
 std::string gpt_params_get_system_info(const gpt_params & params) {
@@ -2384,6 +464,94 @@ void string_replace_all(std::string & s, const std::string & search, const std::
     s = std::move(builder);
 }
 
+std::string string_from(bool value) {
+    return value ? "true" : "false";
+}
+
+std::string string_from(const std::vector<int> & values) {
+    std::stringstream buf;
+
+    buf << "[ ";
+    bool first = true;
+    for (auto e : values) {
+        if (first) {
+            first = false;
+        } else {
+            buf << ", ";
+        }
+        buf << std::to_string(e);
+    }
+    buf << " ]";
+
+    return buf.str();
+}
+
+std::string string_from(const struct llama_context * ctx, const std::vector<llama_token> & tokens) {
+    std::stringstream buf;
+
+    buf << "[ ";
+
+    bool first = true;
+    for (const auto & token : tokens) {
+        if (!first) {
+            buf << ", ";
+        } else {
+            first = false;
+        }
+
+        auto detokenized = llama_token_to_piece(ctx, token);
+
+        detokenized.erase(
+            std::remove_if(
+                detokenized.begin(),
+                detokenized.end(),
+                [](const unsigned char c) { return !std::isprint(c); }),
+            detokenized.end());
+
+        buf << "'" << detokenized << "'"
+            << ":" << std::to_string(token);
+    }
+
+    buf << " ]";
+
+    return buf.str();
+}
+
+std::string string_from(const struct llama_context * ctx, const struct llama_batch & batch) {
+    std::stringstream buf;
+
+    buf << "[ ";
+
+    bool first = true;
+    for (int i = 0; i < batch.n_tokens; ++i) {
+        if (!first) {
+            buf << ", ";
+        } else {
+            first = false;
+        }
+
+        auto detokenized = llama_token_to_piece(ctx, batch.token[i]);
+
+        detokenized.erase(
+                std::remove_if(
+                    detokenized.begin(),
+                    detokenized.end(),
+                    [](const unsigned char c) { return !std::isprint(c); }),
+                detokenized.end());
+
+        buf << "\n" << std::to_string(i)
+            << ":token '" << detokenized << "'"
+            << ":pos " << std::to_string(batch.pos[i])
+            << ":n_seq_id  " << std::to_string(batch.n_seq_id[i])
+            << ":seq_id " << std::to_string(batch.seq_id[i][0])
+            << ":logits " << std::to_string(batch.logits[i]);
+    }
+
+    buf << " ]";
+
+    return buf.str();
+}
+
 void string_process_escapes(std::string & input) {
     std::size_t input_len = input.length();
     std::size_t output_idx = 0;
@@ -2424,7 +592,7 @@ void string_process_escapes(std::string & input) {
 bool string_parse_kv_override(const char * data, std::vector<llama_model_kv_override> & overrides) {
     const char * sep = strchr(data, '=');
     if (sep == nullptr || sep - data >= 128) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: malformed KV override '%s'\n", __func__, data);
+        LOG_ERR("%s: malformed KV override '%s'\n", __func__, data);
         return false;
     }
     llama_model_kv_override kvo;
@@ -2447,20 +615,20 @@ bool string_parse_kv_override(const char * data, std::vector<llama_model_kv_over
         } else if (std::strcmp(sep, "false") == 0) {
             kvo.val_bool = false;
         } else {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid boolean value for KV override '%s'\n", __func__, data);
+            LOG_ERR("%s: invalid boolean value for KV override '%s'\n", __func__, data);
             return false;
         }
     } else if (strncmp(sep, "str:", 4) == 0) {
         sep += 4;
         kvo.tag = LLAMA_KV_OVERRIDE_TYPE_STR;
         if (strlen(sep) > 127) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: malformed KV override '%s', value cannot exceed 127 chars\n", __func__, data);
+            LOG_ERR("%s: malformed KV override '%s', value cannot exceed 127 chars\n", __func__, data);
             return false;
         }
         strncpy(kvo.val_str, sep, 127);
         kvo.val_str[127] = '\0';
     } else {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid type for KV override '%s'\n", __func__, data);
+        LOG_ERR("%s: invalid type for KV override '%s'\n", __func__, data);
         return false;
     }
     overrides.emplace_back(std::move(kvo));
@@ -2672,7 +840,7 @@ struct llama_init_result llama_init_from_gpt_params(gpt_params & params) {
     }
 
     if (model == NULL) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to load model '%s'\n", __func__, params.model.c_str());
+        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to load model '%s'\n", __func__, params.model.c_str());
         return iparams;
     }
 
@@ -2680,7 +848,7 @@ struct llama_init_result llama_init_from_gpt_params(gpt_params & params) {
 
     llama_context * lctx = llama_new_context_with_model(model, cparams);
     if (lctx == NULL) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to create context with model '%s'\n", __func__, params.model.c_str());
+        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to create context with model '%s'\n", __func__, params.model.c_str());
         llama_free_model(model);
         return iparams;
     }
@@ -2716,7 +884,7 @@ struct llama_init_result llama_init_from_gpt_params(gpt_params & params) {
         loaded_la.scale = la.scale;
         loaded_la.adapter = llama_lora_adapter_init(model, la.path.c_str());
         if (loaded_la.adapter == nullptr) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to apply lora adapter '%s'\n", __func__, la.path.c_str());
+            LOG_ERR("%s: failed to apply lora adapter '%s'\n", __func__, la.path.c_str());
             llama_free(lctx);
             llama_free_model(model);
             return iparams;
@@ -2728,12 +896,12 @@ struct llama_init_result llama_init_from_gpt_params(gpt_params & params) {
     }
 
     if (params.sparams.ignore_eos && llama_token_eos(model) == -1) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: warning: model does not have an EOS token, ignoring --ignore-eos\n", __func__);
+        LOG_WRN("%s: warning: model does not have an EOS token, ignoring --ignore-eos\n", __func__);
         params.sparams.ignore_eos = false;
     }
 
     if (params.warmup) {
-        LOG("warming up the model with an empty run\n");
+        LOG_WRN("%s: warming up the model with an empty run - please wait ... (--no-warmup to disable)\n", __func__);
 
         std::vector<llama_token> tmp;
         llama_token bos = llama_token_bos(model);
@@ -2763,7 +931,7 @@ struct llama_init_result llama_init_from_gpt_params(gpt_params & params) {
         }
         llama_kv_cache_clear(lctx);
         llama_synchronize(lctx);
-        llama_perf_reset(lctx, LLAMA_PERF_TYPE_CONTEXT);
+        llama_perf_context_reset(lctx);
     }
 
     iparams.model   = model;
@@ -2860,6 +1028,7 @@ struct llama_context_params llama_context_params_from_gpt_params(const gpt_param
     cparams.cb_eval_user_data = params.cb_eval_user_data;
     cparams.offload_kqv       = !params.no_kv_offload;
     cparams.flash_attn        = params.flash_attn;
+    cparams.no_perf           = params.no_perf;
 
     cparams.type_k = kv_cache_type_from_str(params.cache_type_k);
     cparams.type_v = kv_cache_type_from_str(params.cache_type_v);
@@ -2885,17 +1054,44 @@ struct lm_ggml_threadpool_params lm_ggml_threadpool_params_from_cpu_params(const
 
 #ifdef LLAMA_USE_CURL
 
+#define CURL_MAX_RETRY 3
+#define CURL_RETRY_DELAY_SECONDS 2
+
+
 static bool starts_with(const std::string & str, const std::string & prefix) {
     // While we wait for C++20's std::string::starts_with...
     return str.rfind(prefix, 0) == 0;
 }
 
+static bool curl_perform_with_retry(const std::string& url, CURL* curl, int max_attempts, int retry_delay_seconds) {
+    int remaining_attempts = max_attempts;
+
+    while (remaining_attempts > 0) {
+        LOG_INF("%s: Trying to download from %s (attempt %d of %d)...\n", __func__ , url.c_str(), max_attempts - remaining_attempts + 1, max_attempts);
+
+        CURLcode res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+        if (res == CURLE_OK) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        int exponential_backoff_delay = std::pow(retry_delay_seconds, max_attempts - remaining_attempts) * 1000;
+        LOG_WRN("%s: curl_easy_perform() failed: %s, retrying after %d milliseconds...\n", __func__, curl_easy_strerror(res), exponential_backoff_delay);
+
+        remaining_attempts--;
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(exponential_backoff_delay));
+    }
+
+    LOG_ERR("%s: curl_easy_perform() failed after %d attempts\n", __func__, max_attempts);
+
+    return false;
+}
+
 static bool llama_download_file(const std::string & url, const std::string & path, const std::string & hf_token) {
 
     // Initialize libcurl
     std::unique_ptr<CURL, decltype(&curl_easy_cleanup)> curl(curl_easy_init(), &curl_easy_cleanup);
     if (!curl) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: error initializing libcurl\n", __func__);
+        LOG_ERR("%s: error initializing libcurl\n", __func__);
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -2936,11 +1132,11 @@ static bool llama_download_file(const std::string & url, const std::string & pat
         if (metadata_in.good()) {
             try {
                 metadata_in >> metadata;
-                fprintf(stderr, "%s: previous metadata file found %s: %s\n", __func__, metadata_path.c_str(), metadata.dump().c_str());
+                LOG_INF("%s: previous metadata file found %s: %s\n", __func__, metadata_path.c_str(), metadata.dump().c_str());
                 if (metadata.contains("url") && metadata.at("url").is_string()) {
                     auto previous_url = metadata.at("url").get<std::string>();
                     if (previous_url != url) {
-                        fprintf(stderr, "%s: Model URL mismatch: %s != %s\n", __func__, url.c_str(), previous_url.c_str());
+                        LOG_ERR("%s: Model URL mismatch: %s != %s\n", __func__, url.c_str(), previous_url.c_str());
                         return false;
                     }
                 }
@@ -2951,12 +1147,12 @@ static bool llama_download_file(const std::string & url, const std::string & pat
                     last_modified = metadata.at("lastModified");
                 }
             } catch (const nlohmann::json::exception & e) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "%s: error reading metadata file %s: %s\n", __func__, metadata_path.c_str(), e.what());
+            LOG_ERR("%s: error reading metadata file %s: %s\n", __func__, metadata_path.c_str(), e.what());
                 return false;
             }
         }
     } else {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: no previous model file found %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
+        LOG_INF("%s: no previous model file found %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
     }
 
     // Send a HEAD request to retrieve the etag and last-modified headers
@@ -2993,9 +1189,8 @@ static bool llama_download_file(const std::string & url, const std::string & pat
         curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, static_cast<CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION_PTR>(header_callback));
         curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_HEADERDATA, &headers);
 
-        CURLcode res = curl_easy_perform(curl.get());
-        if (res != CURLE_OK) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: curl_easy_perform() failed: %s\n", __func__, curl_easy_strerror(res));
+        bool was_perform_successful = curl_perform_with_retry(url, curl.get(), CURL_MAX_RETRY, CURL_RETRY_DELAY_SECONDS);
+        if (!was_perform_successful) {
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -3005,26 +1200,26 @@ static bool llama_download_file(const std::string & url, const std::string & pat
             // HEAD not supported, we don't know if the file has changed
             // force trigger downloading
             force_download = true;
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: HEAD invalid http status code received: %ld\n", __func__, http_code);
+            LOG_ERR("%s: HEAD invalid http status code received: %ld\n", __func__, http_code);
         }
     }
 
     bool should_download = !file_exists || force_download;
     if (!should_download) {
         if (!etag.empty() && etag != headers.etag) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: ETag header is different (%s != %s): triggering a new download\n", __func__, etag.c_str(), headers.etag.c_str());
+            LOG_WRN("%s: ETag header is different (%s != %s): triggering a new download\n", __func__, etag.c_str(), headers.etag.c_str());
             should_download = true;
         } else if (!last_modified.empty() && last_modified != headers.last_modified) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: Last-Modified header is different (%s != %s): triggering a new download\n", __func__, last_modified.c_str(), headers.last_modified.c_str());
+            LOG_WRN("%s: Last-Modified header is different (%s != %s): triggering a new download\n", __func__, last_modified.c_str(), headers.last_modified.c_str());
             should_download = true;
         }
     }
     if (should_download) {
         std::string path_temporary = path + ".downloadInProgress";
         if (file_exists) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: deleting previous downloaded file: %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
+            LOG_WRN("%s: deleting previous downloaded file: %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
             if (remove(path.c_str()) != 0) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "%s: unable to delete file: %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
+                LOG_ERR("%s: unable to delete file: %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
                 return false;
             }
         }
@@ -3039,7 +1234,7 @@ static bool llama_download_file(const std::string & url, const std::string & pat
 
         std::unique_ptr<FILE, FILE_deleter> outfile(fopen(path_temporary.c_str(), "wb"));
         if (!outfile) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: error opening local file for writing: %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
+            LOG_ERR("%s: error opening local file for writing: %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -3070,18 +1265,17 @@ static bool llama_download_file(const std::string & url, const std::string & pat
         };
 
         // start the download
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: downloading from %s to %s (server_etag:%s, server_last_modified:%s)...\n", __func__,
-                llama_download_hide_password_in_url(url).c_str(), path.c_str(), headers.etag.c_str(), headers.last_modified.c_str());
-        auto res = curl_easy_perform(curl.get());
-        if (res != CURLE_OK) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: curl_easy_perform() failed: %s\n", __func__, curl_easy_strerror(res));
+        LOG_INF("%s: trying to download model from %s to %s (server_etag:%s, server_last_modified:%s)...\n", __func__,
+            llama_download_hide_password_in_url(url).c_str(), path.c_str(), headers.etag.c_str(), headers.last_modified.c_str());
+        bool was_perform_successful = curl_perform_with_retry(url, curl.get(), CURL_MAX_RETRY, CURL_RETRY_DELAY_SECONDS);
+        if (!was_perform_successful) {
             return false;
         }
 
         long http_code = 0;
         curl_easy_getinfo (curl.get(), CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &http_code);
         if (http_code < 200 || http_code >= 400) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid http status code received: %ld\n", __func__, http_code);
+            LOG_ERR("%s: invalid http status code received: %ld\n", __func__, http_code);
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -3095,10 +1289,10 @@ static bool llama_download_file(const std::string & url, const std::string & pat
             {"lastModified", headers.last_modified}
         });
         std::ofstream(metadata_path) << metadata.dump(4);
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: file metadata saved: %s\n", __func__, metadata_path.c_str());
+        LOG_INF("%s: file metadata saved: %s\n", __func__, metadata_path.c_str());
 
         if (rename(path_temporary.c_str(), path.c_str()) != 0) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: unable to rename file: %s to %s\n", __func__, path_temporary.c_str(), path.c_str());
+            LOG_ERR("%s: unable to rename file: %s to %s\n", __func__, path_temporary.c_str(), path.c_str());
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -3113,7 +1307,7 @@ struct llama_model * llama_load_model_from_url(
         const struct llama_model_params & params) {
     // Basic validation of the model_url
     if (!model_url || strlen(model_url) == 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid model_url\n", __func__);
+        LOG_ERR("%s: invalid model_url\n", __func__);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -3130,7 +1324,7 @@ struct llama_model * llama_load_model_from_url(
         };
         auto * ctx_gguf = lm_gguf_init_from_file(path_model, lm_gguf_params);
         if (!ctx_gguf) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "\n%s:  failed to load input GGUF from %s\n", __func__, path_model);
+            LOG_ERR("\n%s:  failed to load input GGUF from %s\n", __func__, path_model);
             return NULL;
         }
 
@@ -3150,14 +1344,12 @@ struct llama_model * llama_load_model_from_url(
         // and extract split URL and PATH prefixes
         {
             if (!llama_split_prefix(split_prefix, sizeof(split_prefix), path_model, 0, n_split)) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: unexpected model file name: %s"
-                                " n_split=%d\n", __func__, path_model, n_split);
+                LOG_ERR("\n%s: unexpected model file name: %s n_split=%d\n", __func__, path_model, n_split);
                 return NULL;
             }
 
             if (!llama_split_prefix(split_url_prefix, sizeof(split_url_prefix), model_url, 0, n_split)) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: unexpected model url: %s"
-                                " n_split=%d\n", __func__, model_url, n_split);
+                LOG_ERR("\n%s: unexpected model url: %s n_split=%d\n", __func__, model_url, n_split);
                 return NULL;
             }
         }
@@ -3217,7 +1409,7 @@ struct llama_model * llama_load_model_from_url(
         const char * /*path_model*/,
         const char * /*hf_token*/,
         const struct llama_model_params & /*params*/) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "%s: llama.cpp built without libcurl, downloading from an url not supported.\n", __func__);
+    LOG_WRN("%s: llama.cpp built without libcurl, downloading from an url not supported.\n", __func__);
     return nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -3227,7 +1419,7 @@ struct llama_model * llama_load_model_from_hf(
         const char * /*path_model*/,
         const char * /*hf_token*/,
         const struct llama_model_params & /*params*/) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "%s: llama.cpp built without libcurl, downloading from Hugging Face not supported.\n", __func__);
+    LOG_WRN("%s: llama.cpp built without libcurl, downloading from Hugging Face not supported.\n", __func__);
     return nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -3555,13 +1747,13 @@ static llama_control_vector_data llama_control_vector_load_one(const llama_contr
     };
     struct lm_gguf_context * ctx_gguf = lm_gguf_init_from_file(load_info.fname.c_str(), meta_lm_gguf_params);
     if (!ctx_gguf) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to load control vector file from %s\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
+        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to load control vector file from %s\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
         return result;
     }
 
     int32_t n_tensors = lm_gguf_get_n_tensors(ctx_gguf);
     if (n_tensors == 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: no direction tensors found in %s\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
+        LOG_WRN("%s: no direction tensors found in %s\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
     }
 
     for (int i = 0; i < n_tensors; i++) {
@@ -3579,23 +1771,23 @@ static llama_control_vector_data llama_control_vector_load_one(const llama_contr
             }
         }
         if (layer_idx < 0) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid/unparsable direction tensor layer index in %s\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
+            LOG_ERR("%s: invalid/unparsable direction tensor layer index in %s\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
             result.n_embd = -1;
             break;
         } else if (layer_idx == 0) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid (zero) direction tensor layer index in %s\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
+            LOG_ERR("%s: invalid (zero) direction tensor layer index in %s\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
             result.n_embd = -1;
             break;
         }
 
         struct lm_ggml_tensor * tensor = lm_ggml_get_tensor(ctx, name.c_str());
         if (tensor->type != LM_GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid (non-F32) direction tensor type in %s\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
+            LOG_ERR("%s: invalid (non-F32) direction tensor type in %s\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
             result.n_embd = -1;
             break;
         }
         if (lm_ggml_n_dims(tensor) != 1) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid (non-1D) direction tensor shape in %s\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
+            LOG_ERR("%s: invalid (non-1D) direction tensor shape in %s\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
             result.n_embd = -1;
             break;
         }
@@ -3603,7 +1795,7 @@ static llama_control_vector_data llama_control_vector_load_one(const llama_contr
         if (result.n_embd == -1) {
             result.n_embd = lm_ggml_nelements(tensor);
         } else if (lm_ggml_nelements(tensor) != result.n_embd) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: direction tensor in %s does not match previous dimensions\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
+            LOG_ERR("%s: direction tensor in %s does not match previous dimensions\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
             result.n_embd = -1;
             break;
         }
@@ -3620,7 +1812,7 @@ static llama_control_vector_data llama_control_vector_load_one(const llama_contr
     }
 
     if (result.n_embd == -1) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: skipping %s due to invalid direction tensors\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
+        LOG_WRN("%s: skipping %s due to invalid direction tensors\n", __func__, load_info.fname.c_str());
         result.data.clear();
     }
 
@@ -3641,7 +1833,7 @@ llama_control_vector_data llama_control_vector_load(const std::vector<llama_cont
             break;
         }
         if (result.n_embd != -1 && result.n_embd != cur.n_embd) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: control vectors in %s does not match previous dimensions\n", __func__, info.fname.c_str());
+            LOG_ERR("%s: control vectors in %s does not match previous dimensions\n", __func__, info.fname.c_str());
             result.n_embd = -1;
             break;
         }
@@ -3657,7 +1849,7 @@ llama_control_vector_data llama_control_vector_load(const std::vector<llama_cont
     }
 
     if (result.n_embd == -1) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: no valid control vector files passed\n", __func__);
+        LOG_ERR("%s: no valid control vector files passed\n", __func__);
         result.data.clear();
     }
 
@@ -3748,6 +1940,7 @@ void yaml_dump_non_result_info(FILE * stream, const gpt_params & params, const l
     fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_sve: %s\n",         lm_ggml_cpu_has_sve()         ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_f16c: %s\n",        lm_ggml_cpu_has_f16c()        ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_fp16_va: %s\n",     lm_ggml_cpu_has_fp16_va()     ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_riscv_v: %s\n",     lm_ggml_cpu_has_riscv_v()     ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_wasm_simd: %s\n",   lm_ggml_cpu_has_wasm_simd()   ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_blas: %s\n",        lm_ggml_cpu_has_blas()        ? "true" : "false");
     fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_sse3: %s\n",        lm_ggml_cpu_has_sse3()        ? "true" : "false");