cross-seed 7.0.0-21 → 7.0.0-23

package/node_modules/zod/v4/core/schemas.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import * as checks from "./checks.js";
 import * as core from "./core.js";
 import { Doc } from "./doc.js";
-import { parse, parseAsync, safeParse, safeParseAsync } from "./parse.js";
+import { parse, parseAsync } from "./parse.js";
 import * as regexes from "./regexes.js";
 import * as util from "./util.js";
 import { version } from "./versions.js";
@@ -11,19 +11,20 @@ export const $ZodType = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodType", (inst, def)
     inst._zod.def = def; // set _def property
     inst._zod.bag = inst._zod.bag || {}; // initialize _bag object
     inst._zod.version = version;
-    const checks = [...(inst._zod.def.checks ?? [])];
+    const defChecks = inst._zod.def.checks;
     // if inst is itself a checks.$ZodCheck, run it as a check
-    if (inst._zod.traits.has("$ZodCheck")) {
-        checks.unshift(inst);
-    }
+    const checks = inst._zod.traits.has("$ZodCheck")
+        ? [inst, ...(defChecks ?? [])]
+        : defChecks?.length
+            ? [...defChecks]
+            : [];
     for (const ch of checks) {
         for (const fn of ch._zod.onattach) {
             fn(inst);
         }
     }
     if (checks.length === 0) {
-        // deferred initializer
-        // inst._zod.parse is not yet defined
+        // deferred initializer inst._zod.parse is not yet defined
         (_a = inst._zod).deferred ?? (_a.deferred = []);
         inst._zod.deferred?.push(() => {
             inst._zod.run = inst._zod.parse;
@@ -31,10 +32,14 @@ export const $ZodType = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodType", (inst, def)
     }
     else {
         const runChecks = (payload, checks, ctx) => {
+            if (payload.memo)
+                return payload;
             let isAborted = util.aborted(payload);
             let asyncResult;
             for (const ch of checks) {
                 if (ch._zod.def.when) {
+                    if (util.explicitlyAborted(payload))
+                        continue;
                     const shouldRun = ch._zod.def.when(payload);
                     if (!shouldRun)
                         continue;
@@ -53,6 +58,7 @@ export const $ZodType = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodType", (inst, def)
                         const nextLen = payload.issues.length;
                         if (nextLen === currLen)
                             return;
+                        util.attachSchema(payload.issues, currLen, inst);
                         if (!isAborted)
                             isAborted = util.aborted(payload, currLen);
                     });
@@ -61,6 +67,7 @@ export const $ZodType = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodType", (inst, def)
                     const nextLen = payload.issues.length;
                     if (nextLen === currLen)
                         continue;
+                    util.attachSchema(payload.issues, currLen, inst);
                     if (!isAborted)
                         isAborted = util.aborted(payload, currLen);
                 }
@@ -92,8 +99,7 @@ export const $ZodType = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodType", (inst, def)
                 return inst._zod.parse(payload, ctx);
             }
             if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
-                // run canary
-                // initial pass (no checks)
+                // run canary initial pass (no checks)
                 const canary = inst._zod.parse({ value: payload.value, issues: [] }, { ...ctx, skipChecks: true });
                 if (canary instanceof Promise) {
                     return canary.then((canary) => {
@@ -112,25 +118,44 @@ export const $ZodType = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodType", (inst, def)
             return runChecks(result, checks, ctx);
         };
     }
-    // Lazy initialize ~standard to avoid creating objects for every schema
-    util.defineLazy(inst, "~standard", () => ({
+}, {
+    // Wrappers extend this by installing a richer factory over it; reading it eagerly would defeat the laziness.
+    get "~standard"() {
+        return util.hide(this, "~standard", standardProps(this));
+    },
+    set "~standard"(value) {
+        util.own(this, "~standard", value);
+    },
+});
+/** The Standard Schema surface for `inst`. Shared so wrappers can extend it without forcing it. */
+// a Standard Schema result only reports issues, so a failure finalizes them straight off the raw payload: no ZodError, and no lazy result to read through
+const toStandardResult = (r, ctx) => r.issues.length ? { issues: r.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())) } : { value: r.value };
+async function validateAsync(inst, value) {
+    const ctx = { async: true };
+    return toStandardResult((await inst._zod.run({ value, issues: [] }, ctx)), ctx);
+}
+export function standardProps(inst) {
+    return {
         validate: (value) => {
+            const ctx = { async: false };
             try {
-                const r = safeParse(inst, value);
-                return r.success ? { value: r.data } : { issues: r.error?.issues };
-            }
-            catch (_) {
-                return safeParseAsync(inst, value).then((r) => (r.success ? { value: r.data } : { issues: r.error?.issues }));
+                const r = inst._zod.run({ value, issues: [] }, ctx);
+                if (!(r instanceof Promise))
+                    return toStandardResult(r, ctx);
             }
+            catch (_) { }
+            // async function so a synchronously throwing check rejects instead of escaping validate
+            return validateAsync(inst, value);
         },
         vendor: "zod",
         version: 1,
-    }));
-});
+    };
+}
 export { clone } from "./util.js";
 export const $ZodString = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodString", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.pattern = [...(inst?._zod.bag?.patterns ?? [])].pop() ?? regexes.string(inst._zod.bag);
+    // a format's own pattern, else unbounded; a template literal derives the check-aware form itself
+    inst._zod.pattern = def.pattern ?? regexes.anyString;
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, _) => {
         if (def.coerce)
             try {
@@ -182,51 +207,115 @@ export const $ZodEmail = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodEmail", (inst, def
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.email);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
 });
+/** The `://` guard rejected the input before the URL constructor saw it. */
+export const URL_BAD_FORMAT = 1;
+/** The URL parser rejected the input. */
+export const URL_UNPARSEABLE = 2;
+export function canParseURL(input) {
+    try {
+        if (typeof URL !== "undefined" && typeof URL.canParse === "function")
+            return URL.canParse(input);
+        new URL(input);
+        return true;
+    }
+    catch {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+export function validateURL(trimmed, def) {
+    if (!("normalize" in def) && !("hostname" in def) && !("protocol" in def)) {
+        return canParseURL(trimmed) || URL_UNPARSEABLE;
+    }
+    return parseURLObject(trimmed, def);
+}
+/** Parses a URL while preserving the non-normalizing HTTP guard. */
+export function parseURLObject(trimmed, def) {
+    // When normalize is off, require :// for http/https URLs. This prevents strings like "http:example.com" or "https:/path" from being silently accepted
+    if (!def.normalize && def.protocol?.source === regexes.httpProtocol.source && !/^https?:\/\//i.test(trimmed)) {
+        return URL_BAD_FORMAT;
+    }
+    try {
+        if (typeof URL !== "undefined") {
+            const URLStatic = URL;
+            if (typeof URLStatic.parse === "function")
+                return URLStatic.parse(trimmed) ?? URL_UNPARSEABLE;
+        }
+        // @ts-ignore
+        return new URL(trimmed);
+    }
+    catch {
+        return URL_UNPARSEABLE;
+    }
+}
+const asciiTabOrNewline = /[\t\n\r]/g;
+/** The URL parser deletes every ASCII tab, LF and CR from its input before it parses, so `new URL("https://exa\nmple.com")` reports on `example.com`. Applying the same deletion to the returned value closes the half of that divergence which can move the host; the parser's other rewrite, stripping C0 controls at the edges, cannot. */
+export function stripTabAndNewline(value) {
+    return value.replace(asciiTabOrNewline, "");
+}
+export function urlHostnameOk(url, hostname) {
+    hostname.lastIndex = 0;
+    return hostname.test(url.hostname);
+}
+export function urlProtocolOk(url, protocol) {
+    protocol.lastIndex = 0;
+    return protocol.test(url.protocol.endsWith(":") ? url.protocol.slice(0, -1) : url.protocol);
+}
 export const $ZodURL = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodURL", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
     inst._zod.check = (payload) => {
         try {
             // Trim whitespace from input
             const trimmed = payload.value.trim();
-            // @ts-ignore
-            const url = new URL(trimmed);
-            if (def.hostname) {
-                def.hostname.lastIndex = 0;
-                if (!def.hostname.test(url.hostname)) {
-                    payload.issues.push({
-                        code: "invalid_format",
-                        format: "url",
-                        note: "Invalid hostname",
-                        pattern: def.hostname.source,
-                        input: payload.value,
-                        inst,
-                        continue: !def.abort,
-                    });
-                }
+            const url = validateURL(trimmed, def);
+            if (url === URL_BAD_FORMAT) {
+                payload.issues.push({
+                    code: "invalid_format",
+                    format: "url",
+                    note: "Invalid URL format",
+                    input: payload.value,
+                    inst,
+                    continue: !def.abort,
+                });
+                return;
             }
-            if (def.protocol) {
-                def.protocol.lastIndex = 0;
-                if (!def.protocol.test(url.protocol.endsWith(":") ? url.protocol.slice(0, -1) : url.protocol)) {
-                    payload.issues.push({
-                        code: "invalid_format",
-                        format: "url",
-                        note: "Invalid protocol",
-                        pattern: def.protocol.source,
-                        input: payload.value,
-                        inst,
-                        continue: !def.abort,
-                    });
-                }
+            if (url === URL_UNPARSEABLE) {
+                payload.issues.push({
+                    code: "invalid_format",
+                    format: "url",
+                    input: payload.value,
+                    inst,
+                    continue: !def.abort,
+                });
+                return;
             }
-            // Set the output value based on normalize flag
-            if (def.normalize) {
-                // Use normalized URL
-                payload.value = url.href;
+            if (url === true) {
+                payload.value = stripTabAndNewline(trimmed);
+                return;
             }
-            else {
-                // Preserve the original input (trimmed)
-                payload.value = trimmed;
+            if (def.hostname && !urlHostnameOk(url, def.hostname)) {
+                payload.issues.push({
+                    code: "invalid_format",
+                    format: "url",
+                    note: "Invalid hostname",
+                    pattern: def.hostname.source,
+                    input: payload.value,
+                    inst,
+                    continue: !def.abort,
+                });
+            }
+            if (def.protocol && !urlProtocolOk(url, def.protocol)) {
+                payload.issues.push({
+                    code: "invalid_format",
+                    format: "url",
+                    note: "Invalid protocol",
+                    pattern: def.protocol.source,
+                    input: payload.value,
+                    inst,
+                    continue: !def.abort,
+                });
             }
+            // Set the output value based on normalize flag
+            payload.value = def.normalize ? url.href : stripTabAndNewline(trimmed);
             return;
         }
         catch (_) {
@@ -245,9 +334,16 @@ export const $ZodEmoji = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodEmoji", (inst, def
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
 });
 export const $ZodNanoID = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNanoID", (inst, def) => {
-    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.nanoid);
+    if (def.length !== undefined && (!Number.isInteger(def.length) || def.length < 1))
+        throw new Error(`Invalid nanoid length: ${def.length}`);
+    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = def.length === undefined ? regexes.nanoid : regexes.nanoidOfLength(def.length));
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
 });
+/**
+ * @deprecated CUID v1 is deprecated by its authors due to information leakage
+ * (timestamps embedded in the id). Use {@link $ZodCUID2} instead.
+ * See https://github.com/paralleldrive/cuid.
+ */
 export const $ZodCUID = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCUID", (inst, def) => {
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.cuid);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
@@ -287,19 +383,19 @@ export const $ZodISODuration = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodISODuration"
 export const $ZodIPv4 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodIPv4", (inst, def) => {
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.ipv4);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.bag.format = `ipv4`;
 });
+/** An IPv6 address is written with hex digits, colons and dots, and nothing else. The guard is what makes the check below an IPv6 check: `new URL("http://[...]")` parses an authority, not an address, so `@` and `\` re-delimit it and `"::@1\\"` validates against the host `0.0.0.1`. The URL parser also deletes ASCII tab, LF and CR rather than failing, which is how `"::1\n"` validated as `::1`. */
+const ipv6Alphabet = /^[0-9a-fA-F:.]+$/;
+export function isValidIPv6(value) {
+    if (!ipv6Alphabet.test(value))
+        return false;
+    return canParseURL(`http://[${value}]`);
+}
 export const $ZodIPv6 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodIPv6", (inst, def) => {
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.ipv6);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.bag.format = `ipv6`;
     inst._zod.check = (payload) => {
-        try {
-            // @ts-ignore
-            new URL(`http://[${payload.value}]`);
-            // return;
-        }
-        catch {
+        if (!isValidIPv6(payload.value)) {
             payload.issues.push({
                 code: "invalid_format",
                 format: "ipv6",
@@ -313,32 +409,30 @@ export const $ZodIPv6 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodIPv6", (inst, def)
 export const $ZodMAC = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodMAC", (inst, def) => {
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.mac(def.delimiter));
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.bag.format = `mac`;
 });
 export const $ZodCIDRv4 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCIDRv4", (inst, def) => {
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.cidrv4);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
 });
+export function isValidCIDRv6(value) {
+    const parts = value.split("/");
+    if (parts.length !== 2)
+        return false;
+    const [address, prefix] = parts;
+    if (!prefix)
+        return false;
+    const prefixNum = Number(prefix);
+    if (`${prefixNum}` !== prefix)
+        return false;
+    if (prefixNum < 0 || prefixNum > 128)
+        return false;
+    return isValidIPv6(address);
+}
 export const $ZodCIDRv6 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCIDRv6", (inst, def) => {
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.cidrv6); // not used for validation
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
     inst._zod.check = (payload) => {
-        const parts = payload.value.split("/");
-        try {
-            if (parts.length !== 2)
-                throw new Error();
-            const [address, prefix] = parts;
-            if (!prefix)
-                throw new Error();
-            const prefixNum = Number(prefix);
-            if (`${prefixNum}` !== prefix)
-                throw new Error();
-            if (prefixNum < 0 || prefixNum > 128)
-                throw new Error();
-            // @ts-ignore
-            new URL(`http://[${address}]`);
-        }
-        catch {
+        if (!isValidCIDRv6(payload.value)) {
             payload.issues.push({
                 code: "invalid_format",
                 format: "cidrv6",
@@ -353,6 +447,9 @@ export const $ZodCIDRv6 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCIDRv6", (inst, d
 export function isValidBase64(data) {
     if (data === "")
         return true;
+    // atob ignores whitespace, so reject it up front.
+    if (/\s/.test(data))
+        return false;
     if (data.length % 4 !== 0)
         return false;
     try {
@@ -364,10 +461,11 @@ export function isValidBase64(data) {
         return false;
     }
 }
+// lax on purpose: the quantified regexes.base64 overflows the regex stack on multi-MB input and its leading ^$| alternation leaks through template-literal composition; isValidBase64 enforces length and padding
+export const base64Charset = /^[0-9a-zA-Z+/]*={0,2}$/;
 export const $ZodBase64 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodBase64", (inst, def) => {
-    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.base64);
+    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = base64Charset);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.bag.contentEncoding = "base64";
     inst._zod.check = (payload) => {
         if (isValidBase64(payload.value))
             return;
@@ -380,18 +478,19 @@ export const $ZodBase64 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodBase64", (inst, d
         });
     };
 });
-//////////////////////////////   ZodBase64   //////////////////////////////
+//////////////////////////////   ZodBase64URL   //////////////////////////////
+// lax on purpose: the quantified regexes.base64url overflows the regex stack on multi-MB input; isValidBase64 enforces length on the padded string
+export const base64urlCharset = /^[A-Za-z0-9_-]*$/;
 export function isValidBase64URL(data) {
-    if (!regexes.base64url.test(data))
+    if (!base64urlCharset.test(data))
         return false;
     const base64 = data.replace(/[-_]/g, (c) => (c === "-" ? "+" : "/"));
     const padded = base64.padEnd(Math.ceil(base64.length / 4) * 4, "=");
     return isValidBase64(padded);
 }
 export const $ZodBase64URL = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodBase64URL", (inst, def) => {
-    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.base64url);
+    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = base64urlCharset);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.bag.contentEncoding = "base64url";
     inst._zod.check = (payload) => {
         if (isValidBase64URL(payload.value))
             return;
@@ -408,6 +507,77 @@ export const $ZodE164 = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodE164", (inst, def)
     def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.e164);
     $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
 });
+//////////////////////////////   ZodCreditCard   //////////////////////////////
+const CC_SANITIZE = /[- ]/g;
+/** Luhn checksum on a digit-only string. Adapted from valibot (MIT). */
+function isLuhnAlgo(digits) {
+    let length = digits.length;
+    let bit = 1;
+    let sum = 0;
+    while (length) {
+        const value = digits.charCodeAt(--length) - 48;
+        bit ^= 1;
+        sum += bit ? [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9][value] : value;
+    }
+    return sum % 10 === 0;
+}
+export function isValidCreditCard(input) {
+    if (!regexes.creditCard.test(input))
+        return false;
+    return isLuhnAlgo(input.replace(CC_SANITIZE, ""));
+}
+export const $ZodCreditCard = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCreditCard", (inst, def) => {
+    // Shape only — the Luhn check below is not expressible as a pattern, so consumers of `pattern` (JSON Schema, template literals) get the length and separator rules alone.
+    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.creditCard);
+    $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
+    inst._zod.check = (payload) => {
+        if (isValidCreditCard(payload.value))
+            return;
+        payload.issues.push({
+            code: "invalid_format",
+            format: "credit_card",
+            input: payload.value,
+            inst,
+            continue: !def.abort,
+        });
+    };
+});
+//////////////////////////////   ZodIBAN   //////////////////////////////
+// iso 7064 mod 97-10 checksum without BigInt
+function isIso7064Mod97(iban) {
+    let remainder = 0;
+    const len = iban.length;
+    for (let i = 4; i < len; i++) {
+        const code = iban.charCodeAt(i);
+        remainder = (code >= 65 ? remainder * 100 + (code - 55) : remainder * 10 + (code - 48)) % 97;
+    }
+    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        const code = iban.charCodeAt(i);
+        remainder = (code >= 65 ? remainder * 100 + (code - 55) : remainder * 10 + (code - 48)) % 97;
+    }
+    return remainder === 1;
+}
+export function isValidIBAN(input) {
+    if (!regexes.iban.test(input))
+        return false;
+    return isIso7064Mod97(input);
+}
+export const $ZodIBAN = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodIBAN", (inst, def) => {
+    // shape only — checksum is not expressible as a pattern
+    def.pattern ?? (def.pattern = regexes.iban);
+    $ZodStringFormat.init(inst, def);
+    inst._zod.check = (payload) => {
+        if (isValidIBAN(payload.value))
+            return;
+        payload.issues.push({
+            code: "invalid_format",
+            format: "iban",
+            input: payload.value,
+            inst,
+            continue: !def.abort,
+        });
+    };
+});
 //////////////////////////////   ZodJWT   //////////////////////////////
 export function isValidJWT(token, algorithm = null) {
     try {
@@ -461,7 +631,7 @@ export const $ZodCustomStringFormat = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCusto
 });
 export const $ZodNumber = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNumber", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.pattern = inst._zod.bag.pattern ?? regexes.number;
+    inst._zod.pattern = regexes.number;
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, _ctx) => {
         if (def.coerce)
             try {
@@ -476,7 +646,7 @@ export const $ZodNumber = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNumber", (inst, d
             ? Number.isNaN(input)
                 ? "NaN"
                 : !Number.isFinite(input)
-                    ? "Infinity"
+                    ? String(input)
                     : undefined
             : undefined;
         payload.issues.push({
@@ -557,8 +727,6 @@ export const $ZodUndefined = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodUndefined", (i
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
     inst._zod.pattern = regexes.undefined;
     inst._zod.values = new Set([undefined]);
-    inst._zod.optin = "optional";
-    inst._zod.optout = "optional";
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, _ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (typeof input === "undefined")
@@ -648,6 +816,33 @@ export const $ZodDate = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodDate", (inst, def)
         return payload;
     };
 });
+// an oversized container fails its leading size checks before any element is parsed
+function capSize(inst, size) {
+    const caps = util.sizeCaps(inst._zod.def.checks);
+    if (!caps.length)
+        return;
+    const cap = Math.min(...caps.map((c) => c[0]));
+    const parse = inst._zod.parse;
+    inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
+        const n = size(payload.value);
+        if (n > cap && !ctx?.skipChecks && ctx?.direction !== "backward") {
+            for (const [max, ch] of util.sizeCaps(inst._zod.def.checks)) {
+                if (n > max && ch._zod.def.when(payload)) {
+                    const start = payload.issues.length;
+                    ch._zod.check(payload);
+                    // the value is still the raw input, so no later check may read it
+                    payload.issues[start].continue = false;
+                    util.attachSchema(payload.issues, start, inst);
+                    return payload;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return parse(payload, ctx);
+    };
+}
+const arraySize = (input) => (Array.isArray(input) ? input.length : -1);
+const mapSize = (input) => (input instanceof Map ? input.size : -1);
+const setSize = (input) => (input instanceof Set ? input.size : -1);
 function handleArrayResult(result, final, index) {
     if (result.issues.length) {
         final.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(index, result.issues));
@@ -656,6 +851,8 @@ function handleArrayResult(result, final, index) {
 }
 export const $ZodArray = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodArray", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
+    const memo = core.globalConfig.memoizer;
+    memo?.attach(inst);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (!Array.isArray(input)) {
@@ -667,8 +864,9 @@ export const $ZodArray = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodArray", (inst, def
             });
             return payload;
         }
-        payload.value = Array(input.length);
+        payload.value = memo ? memo.alloc(inst, payload, Array(input.length), ctx) : Array(input.length);
         const proms = [];
+        const abortEarly = ctx?.abortEarly;
         for (let i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
             const item = input[i];
             const result = def.element._zod.run({
@@ -680,6 +878,9 @@ export const $ZodArray = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodArray", (inst, def
             }
             else {
                 handleArrayResult(result, payload, i);
+                // the element's payload is authoritative here, since handleArrayResult forwards every issue; an object's is not, because it drops a failed absent optional
+                if (abortEarly && result.issues.length !== 0 && util.aborted(result))
+                    break;
             }
         }
         if (proms.length) {
@@ -687,17 +888,35 @@ export const $ZodArray = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodArray", (inst, def
         }
         return payload; //handleArrayResultsAsync(parseResults, final);
     };
+    capSize(inst, arraySize);
 });
-function handlePropertyResult(result, final, key, input, isOptionalOut) {
+function handlePropertyResult(result, final, key, input, optin, optout) {
+    const isPresent = key in input;
+    const isOptionalOut = optout === "optional";
+    // The middle rung means "absence permitted, nothing supplied in its place", so an absent key contributes nothing — whatever the schema made of `undefined` is invented, not substituted. Only `optional` reaches this with a value: `defaulted` substitutes, and a schema that isn't optional-out has to keep the key.
+    if (!isPresent && isOptionalOut && optin === "optional") {
+        return;
+    }
     if (result.issues.length) {
-        // For optional-out schemas, ignore errors on absent keys
-        if (isOptionalOut && !(key in input)) {
+        // For optional-in/out schemas, ignore errors on absent keys.
+        if (optin !== undefined && isOptionalOut && !isPresent) {
             return;
         }
         final.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(key, result.issues));
     }
+    if (!isPresent && optin === undefined) {
+        if (!result.issues.length) {
+            final.issues.push({
+                code: "invalid_type",
+                expected: "nonoptional",
+                input: undefined,
+                path: [key],
+            });
+        }
+        return;
+    }
     if (result.value === undefined) {
-        if (key in input) {
+        if (isPresent || (optin === "defaulted" && !isOptionalOut)) {
             final.value[key] = undefined;
         }
     }
@@ -705,42 +924,64 @@ function handlePropertyResult(result, final, key, input, isOptionalOut) {
         final.value[key] = result.value;
     }
 }
+// one shared instance; a fresh [] per schema cost 56 bytes retained
+const NO_SYMBOL_KEYS = [];
 function normalizeDef(def) {
     const keys = Object.keys(def.shape);
-    for (const k of keys) {
+    const ownSymbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(def.shape);
+    const symbolKeys = ownSymbols.length ? ownSymbols : NO_SYMBOL_KEYS;
+    // aliases `keys` when there are no symbols, so a string-only shape keeps one array
+    const allKeys = symbolKeys.length ? [...keys, ...symbolKeys] : keys;
+    for (const k of allKeys) {
         if (!def.shape?.[k]?._zod?.traits?.has("$ZodType")) {
-            throw new Error(`Invalid element at key "${k}": expected a Zod schema`);
+            throw new Error(`Invalid element at key "${String(k)}": expected a Zod schema`);
         }
     }
     const okeys = util.optionalKeys(def.shape);
     return {
         ...def,
-        keys,
+        allKeys,
+        symbolKeys,
+        // string-only: handleCatchall matches it against `for...in`, which never yields a symbol
         keySet: new Set(keys),
         numKeys: keys.length,
         optionalKeys: new Set(okeys),
     };
 }
-function handleCatchall(proms, input, payload, ctx, def, inst) {
+function handleCatchall(proms, input, payload, ctx, def, inst, abortEarly) {
     const unrecognized = [];
-    // iterate over input keys
     const keySet = def.keySet;
     const _catchall = def.catchall._zod;
     const t = _catchall.def.type;
-    const isOptionalOut = _catchall.optout === "optional";
+    const optin = _catchall.optin;
+    const optout = _catchall.optout;
+    // starts at 0, not the current length: the shape phase already ran and may have aborted
+    let seen = 0;
     for (const key in input) {
+        if (abortEarly && payload.issues.length !== seen) {
+            if (util.aborted(payload, seen))
+                break;
+            seen = payload.issues.length;
+        }
+        // Must precede the __proto__ branch: a declared key is not unrecognized, even though the shape loop deliberately strips __proto__ from the parsed output.
         if (keySet.has(key))
             continue;
+        // Don't copy an undeclared __proto__ into the result; assignment to a plain {} would replace the result prototype. But in strict mode it is still an unknown key, so report it before skipping.
+        if (key === "__proto__") {
+            if (t === "never")
+                unrecognized.push(key);
+            continue;
+        }
         if (t === "never") {
             unrecognized.push(key);
             continue;
         }
         const r = _catchall.run({ value: input[key], issues: [] }, ctx);
         if (r instanceof Promise) {
-            proms.push(r.then((r) => handlePropertyResult(r, payload, key, input, isOptionalOut)));
+            proms.push(r.then((r) => handlePropertyResult(r, payload, key, input, optin, optout)));
         }
         else {
-            handlePropertyResult(r, payload, key, input, isOptionalOut);
+            handlePropertyResult(r, payload, key, input, optin, optout);
         }
     }
     if (unrecognized.length) {
@@ -749,6 +990,8 @@ function handleCatchall(proms, input, payload, ctx, def, inst) {
             keys: unrecognized,
             input,
             inst,
+            // Describes the shape of the input, not the validity of the parsed value, so it never aborts. The parse still fails; the schema's own checks just get to run first, and an enclosing intersection can reconcile the key against a sibling operand.
+            continue: true,
         });
     }
     if (!proms.length)
@@ -760,30 +1003,35 @@ function handleCatchall(proms, input, payload, ctx, def, inst) {
 export const $ZodObject = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodObject", (inst, def) => {
     // requires cast because technically $ZodObject doesn't extend
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    // const sh = def.shape;
     const desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(def, "shape");
-    if (!desc?.get) {
-        const sh = def.shape;
-        Object.defineProperty(def, "shape", {
-            get: () => {
-                const newSh = { ...sh };
-                Object.defineProperty(def, "shape", {
-                    value: newSh,
-                });
-                return newSh;
-            },
-        });
+    // a cloned def carries its source's accessor, which knows the shape it answers from; adopting that keeps the clone's keys readable without running it
+    const sh = desc?.get ? desc.get.raw : (def.shape ?? {});
+    if (sh) {
+        // Freezes the shape on first read, so its getters resolve once and every later read sees the same schemas.
+        const get = () => {
+            const newSh = { ...sh };
+            Object.defineProperty(def, "shape", { value: newSh });
+            get.raw = newSh;
+            return newSh;
+        };
+        get.raw = sh;
+        Object.defineProperty(def, "shape", { get });
     }
     const _normalized = util.cached(() => normalizeDef(def));
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "propValues", () => {
-        const shape = def.shape;
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "propValues", (zod) => {
+        const shape = zod.def.shape;
         const propValues = {};
         for (const key in shape) {
             const field = shape[key]._zod;
             if (field.values) {
-                propValues[key] ?? (propValues[key] = new Set());
+                if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(propValues, key)) {
+                    util.assignProp(propValues, key, new Set());
+                }
                 for (const v of field.values)
                     propValues[key].add(v);
+                // An omittable slot reads back as undefined at a discriminator lookup, so it has to claim undefined: two options that can both omit the key are not discriminable on it.
+                if (field.optin !== undefined)
+                    propValues[key].add(undefined);
             }
         }
         return propValues;
@@ -791,6 +1039,8 @@ export const $ZodObject = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodObject", (inst, d
     const isObject = util.isObject;
     const catchall = def.catchall;
     let value;
+    const memo = core.globalConfig.memoizer;
+    memo?.attach(inst);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         value ?? (value = _normalized.value);
         const input = payload.value;
@@ -803,24 +1053,34 @@ export const $ZodObject = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodObject", (inst, d
             });
             return payload;
         }
-        payload.value = {};
+        payload.value = memo ? memo.alloc(inst, payload, {}, ctx) : {};
         const proms = [];
         const shape = value.shape;
-        for (const key of value.keys) {
+        const abortEarly = ctx?.abortEarly;
+        let seen = payload.issues.length;
+        for (const key of value.allKeys) {
+            if (abortEarly && payload.issues.length !== seen) {
+                if (util.aborted(payload, seen))
+                    break;
+                seen = payload.issues.length;
+            }
+            if (key === "__proto__")
+                continue;
             const el = shape[key];
-            const isOptionalOut = el._zod.optout === "optional";
+            const optin = el._zod.optin;
+            const optout = el._zod.optout;
             const r = el._zod.run({ value: input[key], issues: [] }, ctx);
             if (r instanceof Promise) {
-                proms.push(r.then((r) => handlePropertyResult(r, payload, key, input, isOptionalOut)));
+                proms.push(r.then((r) => handlePropertyResult(r, payload, key, input, optin, optout)));
             }
             else {
-                handlePropertyResult(r, payload, key, input, isOptionalOut);
+                handlePropertyResult(r, payload, key, input, optin, optout);
             }
         }
         if (!catchall) {
             return proms.length ? Promise.all(proms).then(() => payload) : payload;
         }
-        return handleCatchall(proms, input, payload, ctx, _normalized.value, inst);
+        return handleCatchall(proms, input, payload, ctx, _normalized.value, inst, abortEarly === true);
     };
 });
 export const $ZodObjectJIT = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodObjectJIT", (inst, def) => {
@@ -828,73 +1088,106 @@ export const $ZodObjectJIT = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodObjectJIT", (i
     $ZodObject.init(inst, def);
     const superParse = inst._zod.parse;
     const _normalized = util.cached(() => normalizeDef(def));
+    const memo = core.globalConfig.memoizer;
     const generateFastpass = (shape) => {
-        const doc = new Doc(["shape", "payload", "ctx"]);
         const normalized = _normalized.value;
-        const parseStr = (key) => {
-            const k = util.esc(key);
-            return `shape[${k}]._zod.run({ value: input[${k}], issues: [] }, ctx)`;
-        };
+        const syms = normalized.symbolKeys;
+        // a symbol has no source literal, so it is read as `syms[i]` off the closed-over scope
+        const doc = new Doc(["payload", "ctx"], { shape, inst, memo, syms });
+        const parseStr = (k) => `shape[${k}]._zod.run({ value: input[${k}], issues: [] }, ctx)`;
+        // prefixes in place, like util.prefixIssues. newResult must land before the early return: a catchall runs after this and would otherwise write onto the caller's input
+        const prefixStr = (id, k) => `
+          let ${id}_ab = false;
+          for (let i = 0; i < ${id}.issues.length; i++) {
+            const iss = ${id}.issues[i];
+            iss.path = iss.path ? [${k}, ...iss.path] : [${k}];
+            payload.issues.push(iss);
+            if (iss.continue !== true) ${id}_ab = true;
+          }
+          if (${id}_ab && ctx && ctx.abortEarly) {
+            payload.value = newResult;
+            return payload;
+          }`;
         doc.write(`const input = payload.value;`);
         const ids = Object.create(null);
         let counter = 0;
-        for (const key of normalized.keys) {
+        for (const key of normalized.allKeys) {
             ids[key] = `key_${counter++}`;
         }
         // A: preserve key order {
-        doc.write(`const newResult = {};`);
-        for (const key of normalized.keys) {
+        doc.write(memo ? `const newResult = memo.alloc(inst, payload, {}, ctx);` : `const newResult = {};`);
+        for (const key of normalized.allKeys) {
+            if (key === "__proto__")
+                continue;
             const id = ids[key];
-            const k = util.esc(key);
+            const k = typeof key === "symbol" ? `syms[${syms.indexOf(key)}]` : util.esc(key);
+            const isPresent = `${k} in input`;
             const schema = shape[key];
+            const optin = schema?._zod?.optin;
+            const isOptionalIn = optin !== undefined;
             const isOptionalOut = schema?._zod?.optout === "optional";
-            doc.write(`const ${id} = ${parseStr(key)};`);
-            if (isOptionalOut) {
-                // For optional-out schemas, ignore errors on absent keys
+            doc.write(`const ${id} = ${parseStr(k)};`);
+            if (isOptionalIn && isOptionalOut) {
+                // For optional-in/out schemas, ignore errors on absent keys — and, like the interpreted path, drop the value produced alongside them. The middle rung goes further: it permits absence without supplying anything in its place, so an absent key contributes nothing at all.
+                const assign = optin === "optional" ? `${id}_present` : `${id}.value !== undefined || ${id}_present`;
                 doc.write(`
-        if (${id}.issues.length) {
-          if (${k} in input) {
-            payload.issues = payload.issues.concat(${id}.issues.map(iss => ({
-              ...iss,
-              path: iss.path ? [${k}, ...iss.path] : [${k}]
-            })));
+        const ${id}_present = ${isPresent};
+        if (!${id}.issues.length || ${id}_present) {
+          if (${id}.issues.length) {${prefixStr(id, k)}
+          }
+
+          if (${assign}) {
+            newResult[${k}] = ${id}.value;
           }
         }
-        
-        if (${id}.value === undefined) {
-          if (${k} in input) {
-            newResult[${k}] = undefined;
+
+      `);
+            }
+            else if (!isOptionalIn) {
+                doc.write(`
+        const ${id}_present = ${isPresent};
+        if (${id}.issues.length) {${prefixStr(id, k)}
+        }
+        if (!${id}_present && !${id}.issues.length) {
+          payload.issues.push({
+            code: "invalid_type",
+            expected: "nonoptional",
+            input: undefined,
+            path: [${k}]
+          });
+          if (ctx && ctx.abortEarly) {
+            payload.value = newResult;
+            return payload;
           }
-        } else {
+        }
+
+        if (${id}_present) {
           newResult[${k}] = ${id}.value;
         }
-        
+
       `);
             }
             else {
                 doc.write(`
-        if (${id}.issues.length) {
-          payload.issues = payload.issues.concat(${id}.issues.map(iss => ({
-            ...iss,
-            path: iss.path ? [${k}, ...iss.path] : [${k}]
-          })));
-        }
-        
-        if (${id}.value === undefined) {
-          if (${k} in input) {
-            newResult[${k}] = undefined;
-          }
-        } else {
+        if (${id}.issues.length) {${prefixStr(id, k)}
+        }
+      `);
+                if (optin === "defaulted") {
+                    doc.write(`newResult[${k}] = ${id}.value;`);
+                }
+                else {
+                    doc.write(`
+        if (${id}.value !== undefined || ${isPresent}) {
           newResult[${k}] = ${id}.value;
         }
-        
       `);
+                }
             }
         }
         doc.write(`payload.value = newResult;`);
         doc.write(`return payload;`);
-        const fn = doc.compile();
-        return (payload, ctx) => fn(shape, payload, ctx);
+        // closing `shape` in is what pays: turbofan specializes the parser against that one shape object, so every `shape[k]._zod.run` folds to a known callee. as a parameter it stays a generic load and measures 13% slower even with the forwarding frame gone
+        return doc.compile();
     };
     let fastpass;
     const isObject = util.isObject;
@@ -922,7 +1215,7 @@ export const $ZodObjectJIT = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodObjectJIT", (i
             payload = fastpass(payload, ctx);
             if (!catchall)
                 return payload;
-            return handleCatchall([], input, payload, ctx, value, inst);
+            return handleCatchall([], input, payload, ctx, value, inst, ctx?.abortEarly === true);
         }
         return superParse(payload, ctx);
     };
@@ -949,25 +1242,28 @@ function handleUnionResults(results, final, inst, ctx) {
 }
 export const $ZodUnion = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodUnion", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optin", () => def.options.some((o) => o._zod.optin === "optional") ? "optional" : undefined);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optout", () => def.options.some((o) => o._zod.optout === "optional") ? "optional" : undefined);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => {
-        if (def.options.every((o) => o._zod.values)) {
-            return new Set(def.options.flatMap((option) => Array.from(option._zod.values)));
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.def.options.some((o) => o._zod.optin === "defaulted")
+        ? "defaulted"
+        : zod.def.options.some((o) => o._zod.optin !== undefined)
+            ? "optional"
+            : undefined);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optout", (zod) => zod.def.options.some((o) => o._zod.optout === "optional") ? "optional" : undefined);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => {
+        if (zod.def.options.every((o) => o._zod.values)) {
+            return new Set(zod.def.options.flatMap((option) => Array.from(option._zod.values)));
         }
         return undefined;
     });
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "pattern", () => {
-        if (def.options.every((o) => o._zod.pattern)) {
-            const patterns = def.options.map((o) => o._zod.pattern);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "pattern", (zod) => {
+        if (zod.def.options.every((o) => o._zod.pattern)) {
+            const patterns = zod.def.options.map((o) => o._zod.pattern);
             return new RegExp(`^(${patterns.map((p) => util.cleanRegex(p.source)).join("|")})$`);
         }
         return undefined;
     });
-    const single = def.options.length === 1;
-    const first = def.options[0]._zod.run;
+    const first = def.options.length === 1 ? def.options[0]._zod.run : null;
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
-        if (single) {
+        if (first) {
             return first(payload, ctx);
         }
         let async = false;
@@ -995,12 +1291,16 @@ export const $ZodUnion = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodUnion", (inst, def
     };
 });
 function handleExclusiveUnionResults(results, final, inst, ctx) {
-    const successes = results.filter((r) => r.issues.length === 0);
-    if (successes.length === 1) {
-        final.value = successes[0].value;
+    const matches = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
+        if (results[i].issues.length === 0)
+            matches.push(i);
+    }
+    if (matches.length === 1) {
+        final.value = results[matches[0]].value;
         return final;
     }
-    if (successes.length === 0) {
+    if (matches.length === 0) {
         // No matches - same as regular union
         final.issues.push({
             code: "invalid_union",
@@ -1017,6 +1317,7 @@ function handleExclusiveUnionResults(results, final, inst, ctx) {
             inst,
             errors: [],
             inclusive: false,
+            matches,
         });
     }
     return final;
@@ -1024,10 +1325,9 @@ function handleExclusiveUnionResults(results, final, inst, ctx) {
 export const $ZodXor = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodXor", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodUnion.init(inst, def);
     def.inclusive = false;
-    const single = def.options.length === 1;
-    const first = def.options[0]._zod.run;
+    const first = def.options.length === 1 ? def.options[0]._zod.run : null;
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
-        if (single) {
+        if (first) {
             return first(payload, ctx);
         }
         let async = false;
@@ -1052,44 +1352,75 @@ export const $ZodXor = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodXor", (inst, def) =>
         });
     };
 });
+/** Returns the option whose discriminator claims `value`, or throws if ambiguous. */
+export function getDiscriminatedOption(union, value) {
+    const internals = union._zod;
+    let map = internals.bag.optionsMap;
+    if (!map) {
+        map = discriminatorMap(internals.def);
+        internals.bag.optionsMap = map;
+    }
+    const option = map.get(value);
+    if (option === null)
+        throw new Error(`Ambiguous discriminator value "${String(value)}"`);
+    return option;
+}
+function discriminatorMap(def) {
+    const map = new Map();
+    for (const option of def.options) {
+        const values = option._zod.propValues?.[def.discriminator];
+        if (!values || values.size === 0)
+            throw new Error(`Invalid discriminated union option at index "${def.options.indexOf(option)}"`);
+        for (const value of values) {
+            if (map.has(value)) {
+                if (value !== undefined)
+                    throw new Error(`Duplicate discriminator value "${String(value)}"`);
+                // keep the collision marked so a later member cannot reclaim it
+                map.set(value, null);
+            }
+            else {
+                map.set(value, option);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return map;
+}
 export const $ZodDiscriminatedUnion = 
 /*@__PURE__*/
 core.$constructor("$ZodDiscriminatedUnion", (inst, def) => {
     def.inclusive = false;
     $ZodUnion.init(inst, def);
     const _super = inst._zod.parse;
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "propValues", () => {
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "propValues", (zod) => {
         const propValues = {};
-        for (const option of def.options) {
+        let undefinedCount = 0;
+        for (const option of zod.def.options) {
             const pv = option._zod.propValues;
             if (!pv || Object.keys(pv).length === 0)
-                throw new Error(`Invalid discriminated union option at index "${def.options.indexOf(option)}"`);
+                throw new Error(`Invalid discriminated union option at index "${zod.def.options.indexOf(option)}"`);
+            if (pv[zod.def.discriminator]?.has(undefined))
+                undefinedCount++;
             for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(pv)) {
-                if (!propValues[k])
-                    propValues[k] = new Set();
+                if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(propValues, k)) {
+                    util.assignProp(propValues, k, new Set());
+                }
                 for (const val of v) {
                     propValues[k].add(val);
                 }
             }
         }
+        if (!zod.def.unionFallback && undefinedCount > 1)
+            propValues[zod.def.discriminator]?.delete(undefined);
         return propValues;
     });
-    const disc = util.cached(() => {
-        const opts = def.options;
-        const map = new Map();
-        for (const o of opts) {
-            const values = o._zod.propValues?.[def.discriminator];
-            if (!values || values.size === 0)
-                throw new Error(`Invalid discriminated union option at index "${def.options.indexOf(o)}"`);
-            for (const v of values) {
-                if (map.has(v)) {
-                    throw new Error(`Duplicate discriminator value "${String(v)}"`);
-                }
-                map.set(v, o);
-            }
+    // Checked now rather than in the lookup map below, so an option that lacks the discriminator fails at the `discriminatedUnion` call instead of on the first object parsed. Options whose shape cannot be enumerated without resolving it — pipes and lazies — are left to the map.
+    def.options.forEach((option, i) => {
+        const propShape = util.rawShape(option._zod.def);
+        if (propShape && !Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(propShape, def.discriminator)) {
+            throw new Error(`Invalid discriminated union option at index "${i}"`);
         }
-        return map;
     });
+    const disc = util.cached(() => discriminatorMap(def));
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (!util.isObject(input)) {
@@ -1101,11 +1432,16 @@ core.$constructor("$ZodDiscriminatedUnion", (inst, def) => {
             });
             return payload;
         }
-        const opt = disc.value.get(input?.[def.discriminator]);
-        if (opt) {
+        const value = input?.[def.discriminator];
+        const opt = disc.value.get(value);
+        // forward metadata cannot choose an encoder for an absent tag
+        if (opt && (value !== undefined || ctx.direction !== "backward")) {
             return opt._zod.run(payload, ctx);
         }
-        if (def.unionFallback) {
+        // Fall back to union matching when the fast discriminator path fails:
+        // - explicitly enabled via unionFallback, or
+        // - during backward direction (encode), since codec-based discriminators have different values in forward vs backward directions
+        if (def.unionFallback || ctx.direction === "backward") {
             return _super(payload, ctx);
         }
         // no matching discriminator
@@ -1114,6 +1450,7 @@ core.$constructor("$ZodDiscriminatedUnion", (inst, def) => {
             errors: [],
             note: "No matching discriminator",
             discriminator: def.discriminator,
+            options: Array.from(disc.value.keys()).filter((value) => disc.value.get(value) !== null),
             input,
             path: [def.discriminator],
             inst,
@@ -1136,7 +1473,7 @@ export const $ZodIntersection = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodIntersectio
         return handleIntersectionResults(payload, left, right);
     };
 });
-function mergeValues(a, b) {
+export function mergeValues(a, b) {
     // const aType = parse.t(a);
     // const bType = parse.t(b);
     if (a === b) {
@@ -1149,7 +1486,11 @@ function mergeValues(a, b) {
         const bKeys = Object.keys(b);
         const sharedKeys = Object.keys(a).filter((key) => bKeys.indexOf(key) !== -1);
         const newObj = { ...a, ...b };
+        if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(newObj, "__proto__"))
+            delete newObj.__proto__;
         for (const key of sharedKeys) {
+            if (key === "__proto__")
+                continue;
             const sharedValue = mergeValues(a[key], b[key]);
             if (!sharedValue.valid) {
                 return {
@@ -1183,43 +1524,55 @@ function mergeValues(a, b) {
     return { valid: false, mergeErrorPath: [] };
 }
 function handleIntersectionResults(result, left, right) {
-    // Track which side(s) report each key as unrecognized
+    // Track which side(s) reject each key. A key rejection is reported only when BOTH sides reject it, so a key owned by one branch survives the other's key schema. strictObject reports these as unrecognized_keys; a record with an open key schema reports one invalid_key per key.
     const unrecKeys = new Map();
     let unrecIssue;
-    for (const iss of left.issues) {
-        if (iss.code === "unrecognized_keys") {
+    const keyIssues = new Map();
+    const collect = (iss, side) => {
+        let keys;
+        if (iss.code === "unrecognized_keys" && !iss.path?.length) {
             unrecIssue ?? (unrecIssue = iss);
-            for (const k of iss.keys) {
-                if (!unrecKeys.has(k))
-                    unrecKeys.set(k, {});
-                unrecKeys.get(k).l = true;
-            }
+            keys = iss.keys;
+        }
+        else if (iss.code === "invalid_key" && iss.origin === "record" && iss.path?.length === 1) {
+            const k = String(iss.path[0]);
+            if (!keyIssues.has(k))
+                keyIssues.set(k, iss);
+            keys = [k];
         }
         else {
-            result.issues.push(iss);
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (const k of keys) {
+            if (!unrecKeys.has(k))
+                unrecKeys.set(k, {});
+            unrecKeys.get(k)[side] = true;
         }
+        return true;
+    };
+    for (const iss of left.issues) {
+        if (!collect(iss, "l"))
+            result.issues.push(iss);
     }
     for (const iss of right.issues) {
-        if (iss.code === "unrecognized_keys") {
-            for (const k of iss.keys) {
-                if (!unrecKeys.has(k))
-                    unrecKeys.set(k, {});
-                unrecKeys.get(k).r = true;
-            }
-        }
-        else {
+        if (!collect(iss, "r"))
             result.issues.push(iss);
-        }
     }
-    // Report only keys unrecognized by BOTH sides
+    // Report only keys rejected by BOTH sides
     const bothKeys = [...unrecKeys].filter(([, f]) => f.l && f.r).map(([k]) => k);
-    if (bothKeys.length && unrecIssue) {
-        result.issues.push({ ...unrecIssue, keys: bothKeys });
+    if (bothKeys.length) {
+        const aggregated = unrecIssue ? bothKeys.filter((k) => unrecIssue.keys.includes(k)) : [];
+        if (aggregated.length)
+            result.issues.push({ ...unrecIssue, keys: aggregated });
+        for (const k of bothKeys) {
+            if (!aggregated.includes(k) && keyIssues.has(k))
+                result.issues.push(keyIssues.get(k));
+        }
     }
-    if (util.aborted(result))
-        return result;
     const merged = mergeValues(left.value, right.value);
     if (!merged.valid) {
+        if (util.aborted(result))
+            return result;
         throw new Error(`Unmergable intersection. Error path: ` + `${JSON.stringify(merged.mergeErrorPath)}`);
     }
     result.value = merged.data;
@@ -1228,6 +1581,8 @@ function handleIntersectionResults(result, left, right) {
 export const $ZodTuple = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTuple", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
     const items = def.items;
+    const memo = core.globalConfig.memoizer;
+    memo?.attach(inst);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (!Array.isArray(input)) {
@@ -1239,71 +1594,132 @@ export const $ZodTuple = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTuple", (inst, def
             });
             return payload;
         }
-        payload.value = [];
+        payload.value = memo ? memo.alloc(inst, payload, [], ctx) : [];
         const proms = [];
-        const reversedIndex = [...items].reverse().findIndex((item) => item._zod.optin !== "optional");
-        const optStart = reversedIndex === -1 ? 0 : items.length - reversedIndex;
+        const optinStart = getTupleOptStart(items, "optin");
+        const optoutStart = getTupleOptStart(items, "optout");
         if (!def.rest) {
-            const tooBig = input.length > items.length;
-            const tooSmall = input.length < optStart - 1;
-            if (tooBig || tooSmall) {
+            if (input.length < optinStart) {
                 payload.issues.push({
-                    ...(tooBig
-                        ? { code: "too_big", maximum: items.length, inclusive: true }
-                        : { code: "too_small", minimum: items.length }),
+                    code: "too_small",
+                    minimum: optinStart,
+                    inclusive: true,
                     input,
                     inst,
                     origin: "array",
                 });
                 return payload;
             }
+            if (input.length > items.length) {
+                payload.issues.push({
+                    code: "too_big",
+                    maximum: items.length,
+                    inclusive: true,
+                    input,
+                    inst,
+                    origin: "array",
+                });
+            }
         }
-        let i = -1;
-        for (const item of items) {
-            i++;
-            if (i >= input.length)
-                if (i >= optStart)
-                    continue;
-            const result = item._zod.run({
-                value: input[i],
-                issues: [],
-            }, ctx);
-            if (result instanceof Promise) {
-                proms.push(result.then((result) => handleTupleResult(result, payload, i)));
+        // Run every item in parallel, collecting results into an indexed array. The post-processing in `handleTupleResults` walks them in order so it can decide whether an absent optional-output error can truncate the tail or must be reported to preserve required output.
+        const itemResults = new Array(items.length);
+        // only tracked when there is a rest loop to skip
+        const abortEarly = def.rest ? ctx?.abortEarly : undefined;
+        let itemAborted = false;
+        for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+            const r = items[i]._zod.run({ value: input[i], issues: [] }, ctx);
+            if (r instanceof Promise) {
+                proms.push(r.then((rr) => {
+                    itemResults[i] = rr;
+                }));
             }
             else {
-                handleTupleResult(result, payload, i);
+                itemResults[i] = r;
+                if (abortEarly && !itemAborted && r.issues.length)
+                    itemAborted = util.aborted(r);
             }
         }
-        if (def.rest) {
+        // sound because rest is non-empty exactly when every fixed index is present, the one case handleTupleResults cannot discard an item's issues
+        if (def.rest && !itemAborted) {
+            let i = items.length - 1;
             const rest = input.slice(items.length);
+            let seen = payload.issues.length;
             for (const el of rest) {
+                if (abortEarly && payload.issues.length !== seen) {
+                    if (util.aborted(payload, seen))
+                        break;
+                    seen = payload.issues.length;
+                }
                 i++;
-                const result = def.rest._zod.run({
-                    value: el,
-                    issues: [],
-                }, ctx);
+                const result = def.rest._zod.run({ value: el, issues: [] }, ctx);
                 if (result instanceof Promise) {
-                    proms.push(result.then((result) => handleTupleResult(result, payload, i)));
+                    proms.push(result.then((r) => handleTupleResult(r, payload, i)));
                 }
                 else {
                     handleTupleResult(result, payload, i);
                 }
             }
         }
-        if (proms.length)
-            return Promise.all(proms).then(() => payload);
-        return payload;
+        if (proms.length) {
+            return Promise.all(proms).then(() => handleTupleResults(itemResults, payload, items, input, optoutStart));
+        }
+        return handleTupleResults(itemResults, payload, items, input, optoutStart);
     };
 });
+function getTupleOptStart(items, key) {
+    for (let i = items.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        // optin is a three-rung ladder so any rung above `undefined` permits an absent slot; optout stays two-valued.
+        const omittable = key === "optin" ? items[i]._zod.optin !== undefined : items[i]._zod.optout === "optional";
+        if (!omittable)
+            return i + 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
 function handleTupleResult(result, final, index) {
     if (result.issues.length) {
         final.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(index, result.issues));
     }
     final.value[index] = result.value;
 }
+function handleTupleResults(itemResults, final, items, input, optoutStart) {
+    // Walk results in order. Mirror $ZodObject's swallow-on-absent-optional rule, but only after `optoutStart`: the first index where the output tuple tail can be absent.
+    for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+        const r = itemResults[i];
+        const isPresent = i < input.length;
+        // The array analog of `handlePropertyResult`'s absent-key early return: the middle rung permits absence without supplying anything in its place, so the tail truncates here instead of materializing whatever the item made of `undefined`.
+        if (!isPresent && i >= optoutStart && items[i]._zod.optin === "optional") {
+            final.value.length = i;
+            break;
+        }
+        if (r.issues.length) {
+            if (!isPresent && i >= optoutStart) {
+                final.value.length = i;
+                break;
+            }
+            final.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(i, r.issues));
+        }
+        final.value[i] = r.value;
+    }
+    // Drop trailing slots that produced `undefined` for absent input
+    // (the array analog of an absent optional key on an object). The
+    // `i >= input.length` floor is critical: an explicit `undefined`
+    // *inside* the input must be preserved even when the schema is
+    // optional-out (e.g. `z.string().or(z.undefined())` accepting an
+    // explicit undefined value).
+    for (let i = final.value.length - 1; i >= input.length; i--) {
+        if (items[i]._zod.optout === "optional" && final.value[i] === undefined) {
+            final.value.length = i;
+        }
+        else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return final;
+}
 export const $ZodRecord = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodRecord", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
+    const memo = core.globalConfig.memoizer;
+    memo?.attach(inst);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (!util.isPlainObject(input)) {
@@ -1315,36 +1731,66 @@ export const $ZodRecord = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodRecord", (inst, d
             });
             return payload;
         }
+        // no guard in either loop below: a record's invalid_key aborts but an enclosing intersection can reconcile it, so a stopped loop hides keys the sibling does not own and the intersection then rejects nothing
         const proms = [];
         const values = def.keyType._zod.values;
-        if (values) {
-            payload.value = {};
+        if (values && !def.partial) {
+            payload.value = memo ? memo.alloc(inst, payload, {}, ctx) : {};
             const recordKeys = new Set();
             for (const key of values) {
                 if (typeof key === "string" || typeof key === "number" || typeof key === "symbol") {
                     recordKeys.add(typeof key === "number" ? key.toString() : key);
+                    // A declared __proto__ is stripped but is not an unrecognized key.
+                    if (key === "__proto__")
+                        continue;
+                    const keyResult = def.keyType._zod.run({ value: key, issues: [] }, ctx);
+                    if (keyResult instanceof Promise) {
+                        throw new Error("Async schemas not supported in object keys currently");
+                    }
+                    if (keyResult.issues.length) {
+                        payload.issues.push({
+                            code: "invalid_key",
+                            origin: "record",
+                            issues: keyResult.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())),
+                            input: key,
+                            path: [key],
+                            inst,
+                        });
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    const outKey = keyResult.value;
+                    if (outKey === "__proto__")
+                        continue;
                     const result = def.valueType._zod.run({ value: input[key], issues: [] }, ctx);
                     if (result instanceof Promise) {
                         proms.push(result.then((result) => {
                             if (result.issues.length) {
                                 payload.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(key, result.issues));
                             }
-                            payload.value[key] = result.value;
+                            payload.value[outKey] = result.value;
                         }));
                     }
                     else {
                         if (result.issues.length) {
                             payload.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(key, result.issues));
                         }
-                        payload.value[key] = result.value;
+                        payload.value[outKey] = result.value;
                     }
                 }
             }
             let unrecognized;
             for (const key in input) {
                 if (!recordKeys.has(key)) {
-                    unrecognized = unrecognized ?? [];
-                    unrecognized.push(key);
+                    if (def.mode === "loose") {
+                        // skip __proto__ so it can't replace the result prototype via the assignment setter on the plain {} we build into
+                        if (key === "__proto__")
+                            continue;
+                        payload.value[key] = input[key];
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        unrecognized = unrecognized ?? [];
+                        unrecognized.push(key);
+                    }
                 }
             }
             if (unrecognized && unrecognized.length > 0) {
@@ -1353,20 +1799,25 @@ export const $ZodRecord = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodRecord", (inst, d
                     input,
                     inst,
                     keys: unrecognized,
+                    continue: true,
                 });
             }
         }
         else {
-            payload.value = {};
+            payload.value = memo ? memo.alloc(inst, payload, {}, ctx) : {};
+            // An enumerable key schema declares which keys the record owns, so a key outside the set is unrecognized. A non-enumerable one (regex, refine) is a constraint every key must satisfy, so a failing key is invalid. Only the former is reconcilable against the other side of an intersection.
+            let unrecognized;
+            // Reflect.ownKeys for Symbol-key support; filter non-enumerable to match z.object()
             for (const key of Reflect.ownKeys(input)) {
                 if (key === "__proto__")
                     continue;
+                if (!Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(input, key))
+                    continue;
                 let keyResult = def.keyType._zod.run({ value: key, issues: [] }, ctx);
                 if (keyResult instanceof Promise) {
                     throw new Error("Async schemas not supported in object keys currently");
                 }
-                // Numeric string fallback: if key is a numeric string and failed, retry with Number(key)
-                // This handles z.number(), z.literal([1, 2, 3]), and unions containing numeric literals
+                // Numeric string fallback: if key is a numeric string and failed, retry with Number(key). This handles z.number(), z.literal([1, 2, 3]), and unions containing numeric literals
                 const checkNumericKey = typeof key === "string" && regexes.number.test(key) && keyResult.issues.length;
                 if (checkNumericKey) {
                     const retryResult = def.keyType._zod.run({ value: Number(key), issues: [] }, ctx);
@@ -1382,6 +1833,10 @@ export const $ZodRecord = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodRecord", (inst, d
                         // Pass through unchanged
                         payload.value[key] = input[key];
                     }
+                    else if (values) {
+                        unrecognized = unrecognized ?? [];
+                        unrecognized.push(key);
+                    }
                     else {
                         // Default "strict" behavior: error on invalid key
                         payload.issues.push({
@@ -1395,22 +1850,35 @@ export const $ZodRecord = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodRecord", (inst, d
                     }
                     continue;
                 }
+                // the guard above tests the raw input key, but the key schema can normalize an ordinary key into __proto__; re-check the key we actually write under
+                const outKey = keyResult.value;
+                if (outKey === "__proto__")
+                    continue;
                 const result = def.valueType._zod.run({ value: input[key], issues: [] }, ctx);
                 if (result instanceof Promise) {
                     proms.push(result.then((result) => {
                         if (result.issues.length) {
                             payload.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(key, result.issues));
                         }
-                        payload.value[keyResult.value] = result.value;
+                        payload.value[outKey] = result.value;
                     }));
                 }
                 else {
                     if (result.issues.length) {
                         payload.issues.push(...util.prefixIssues(key, result.issues));
                     }
-                    payload.value[keyResult.value] = result.value;
+                    payload.value[outKey] = result.value;
                 }
             }
+            if (unrecognized && unrecognized.length > 0) {
+                payload.issues.push({
+                    code: "unrecognized_keys",
+                    input,
+                    inst,
+                    keys: unrecognized,
+                    continue: true,
+                });
+            }
         }
         if (proms.length) {
             return Promise.all(proms).then(() => payload);
@@ -1420,6 +1888,8 @@ export const $ZodRecord = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodRecord", (inst, d
 });
 export const $ZodMap = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodMap", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
+    const memo = core.globalConfig.memoizer;
+    memo?.attach(inst);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (!(input instanceof Map)) {
@@ -1432,8 +1902,15 @@ export const $ZodMap = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodMap", (inst, def) =>
             return payload;
         }
         const proms = [];
-        payload.value = new Map();
+        payload.value = memo ? memo.alloc(inst, payload, new Map(), ctx) : new Map();
+        const abortEarly = ctx?.abortEarly;
+        let seen = payload.issues.length;
         for (const [key, value] of input) {
+            if (abortEarly && payload.issues.length !== seen) {
+                if (util.aborted(payload, seen))
+                    break;
+                seen = payload.issues.length;
+            }
             const keyResult = def.keyType._zod.run({ value: key, issues: [] }, ctx);
             const valueResult = def.valueType._zod.run({ value: value, issues: [] }, ctx);
             if (keyResult instanceof Promise || valueResult instanceof Promise) {
@@ -1449,6 +1926,7 @@ export const $ZodMap = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodMap", (inst, def) =>
             return Promise.all(proms).then(() => payload);
         return payload;
     };
+    capSize(inst, mapSize);
 });
 function handleMapResult(keyResult, valueResult, final, key, input, inst, ctx) {
     if (keyResult.issues.length) {
@@ -1484,6 +1962,8 @@ function handleMapResult(keyResult, valueResult, final, key, input, inst, ctx) {
 }
 export const $ZodSet = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodSet", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
+    const memo = core.globalConfig.memoizer;
+    memo?.attach(inst);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (!(input instanceof Set)) {
@@ -1496,8 +1976,15 @@ export const $ZodSet = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodSet", (inst, def) =>
             return payload;
         }
         const proms = [];
-        payload.value = new Set();
+        payload.value = memo ? memo.alloc(inst, payload, new Set(), ctx) : new Set();
+        const abortEarly = ctx?.abortEarly;
+        let seen = payload.issues.length;
         for (const item of input) {
+            if (abortEarly && payload.issues.length !== seen) {
+                if (util.aborted(payload, seen))
+                    break;
+                seen = payload.issues.length;
+            }
             const result = def.valueType._zod.run({ value: item, issues: [] }, ctx);
             if (result instanceof Promise) {
                 proms.push(result.then((result) => handleSetResult(result, payload)));
@@ -1509,6 +1996,7 @@ export const $ZodSet = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodSet", (inst, def) =>
             return Promise.all(proms).then(() => payload);
         return payload;
     };
+    capSize(inst, setSize);
 });
 function handleSetResult(result, final) {
     if (result.issues.length) {
@@ -1521,10 +2009,11 @@ export const $ZodEnum = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodEnum", (inst, def)
     const values = util.getEnumValues(def.entries);
     const valuesSet = new Set(values);
     inst._zod.values = valuesSet;
-    inst._zod.pattern = new RegExp(`^(${values
-        .filter((k) => util.propertyKeyTypes.has(typeof k))
-        .map((o) => (typeof o === "string" ? util.escapeRegex(o) : o.toString()))
-        .join("|")})$`);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "pattern", (zod) => {
+        const patternValues = util.getEnumValues(zod.def.entries).filter((k) => util.propertyKeyTypes.has(typeof k));
+        // unmatchable fallback, RE2-safe: an empty alternation would compile to /^()$/, which matches ""
+        return new RegExp(patternValues.length ? `^(${patternValues.map((o) => util.escapeRegex(o.toString())).join("|")})$` : "^[^\\s\\S]$");
+    });
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, _ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (valuesSet.has(input)) {
@@ -1541,14 +2030,17 @@ export const $ZodEnum = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodEnum", (inst, def)
 });
 export const $ZodLiteral = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodLiteral", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    if (def.values.length === 0) {
-        throw new Error("Cannot create literal schema with no valid values");
-    }
     const values = new Set(def.values);
     inst._zod.values = values;
-    inst._zod.pattern = new RegExp(`^(${def.values
-        .map((o) => (typeof o === "string" ? util.escapeRegex(o) : o ? util.escapeRegex(o.toString()) : String(o)))
-        .join("|")})$`);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "pattern", (zod) => {
+        const vals = zod.def.values;
+        // unmatchable fallback, RE2-safe: an empty alternation would compile to /^()$/, which matches ""
+        return new RegExp(vals.length
+            ? `^(${vals
+                .map((o) => typeof o === "string" ? util.escapeRegex(o) : o ? util.escapeRegex(o.toString()) : String(o))
+                .join("|")})$`
+            : "^[^\\s\\S]$");
+    });
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, _ctx) => {
         const input = payload.value;
         if (values.has(input)) {
@@ -1581,6 +2073,8 @@ export const $ZodFile = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodFile", (inst, def)
 });
 export const $ZodTransform = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTransform", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
+    inst._zod.optin = "optional";
+    core.globalConfig.memoizer?.guard(inst);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
             throw new core.$ZodEncodeError(inst.constructor.name);
@@ -1600,32 +2094,34 @@ export const $ZodTransform = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTransform", (i
         return payload;
     };
 });
-function handleOptionalResult(result, input) {
-    if (result.issues.length && input === undefined) {
-        return { issues: [], value: undefined };
-    }
-    return result;
+function handleOptionalResult(payload, result) {
+    // A substituting schema that still failed has no usable answer; yield undefined. Its issues are simply dropped: it ran on a payload of its own, so there is no shared array to truncate and nothing of the caller's to lose with it.
+    payload.value = result.issues.length ? undefined : result.value;
+    return payload;
 }
 export const $ZodOptional = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodOptional", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.optin = "optional";
+    // .optional() propagates absence rather than substituting for it, so a defaulted inner keeps its rung.
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.optin === "defaulted" ? "defaulted" : "optional");
     inst._zod.optout = "optional";
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => {
-        return def.innerType._zod.values ? new Set([...def.innerType._zod.values, undefined]) : undefined;
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => {
+        const values = zod.def.innerType._zod.values;
+        return values ? new Set([...values, undefined]) : undefined;
     });
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "pattern", () => {
-        const pattern = def.innerType._zod.pattern;
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "pattern", (zod) => {
+        const pattern = zod.def.innerType._zod.pattern;
         return pattern ? new RegExp(`^(${util.cleanRegex(pattern.source)})?$`) : undefined;
     });
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
-        if (def.innerType._zod.optin === "optional") {
-            const result = def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
-            if (result instanceof Promise)
-                return result.then((r) => handleOptionalResult(r, payload.value));
-            return handleOptionalResult(result, payload.value);
-        }
         if (payload.value === undefined) {
-            return payload;
+            // Only the top rung substitutes a value for absence; everything else leaves it intact, which is what .optional() means.
+            if (def.innerType._zod.optin !== "defaulted")
+                return payload;
+            // Its own payload, for the same reason $ZodCatch gets one: a pipe forwards an unrecognized key through the caller's issues array, and this must not read that as the substituting schema failing and drop it.
+            const result = def.innerType._zod.run({ value: payload.value, issues: [] }, ctx);
+            if (result instanceof Promise)
+                return result.then((result) => handleOptionalResult(payload, result));
+            return handleOptionalResult(payload, result);
         }
         return def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
     };
@@ -1634,8 +2130,8 @@ export const $ZodExactOptional = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodExactOptio
     // Call parent init - inherits optin/optout = "optional"
     $ZodOptional.init(inst, def);
     // Override values/pattern to NOT add undefined
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => def.innerType._zod.values);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "pattern", () => def.innerType._zod.pattern);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.values);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "pattern", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.pattern);
     // Override parse to just delegate (no undefined handling)
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         return def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
@@ -1643,14 +2139,14 @@ export const $ZodExactOptional = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodExactOptio
 });
 export const $ZodNullable = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNullable", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optin", () => def.innerType._zod.optin);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optout", () => def.innerType._zod.optout);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "pattern", () => {
-        const pattern = def.innerType._zod.pattern;
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.optin);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optout", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.optout);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "pattern", (zod) => {
+        const pattern = zod.def.innerType._zod.pattern;
         return pattern ? new RegExp(`^(${util.cleanRegex(pattern.source)}|null)$`) : undefined;
     });
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => {
-        return def.innerType._zod.values ? new Set([...def.innerType._zod.values, null]) : undefined;
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => {
+        return zod.def.innerType._zod.values ? new Set([...zod.def.innerType._zod.values, null]) : undefined;
     });
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         // Forward direction (decode): allow null to pass through
@@ -1662,8 +2158,8 @@ export const $ZodNullable = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNullable", (ins
 export const $ZodDefault = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodDefault", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
     // inst._zod.qin = "true";
-    inst._zod.optin = "optional";
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => def.innerType._zod.values);
+    inst._zod.optin = "defaulted";
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.values);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
             return def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
@@ -1692,8 +2188,8 @@ function handleDefaultResult(payload, def) {
 }
 export const $ZodPrefault = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodPrefault", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    inst._zod.optin = "optional";
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => def.innerType._zod.values);
+    inst._zod.optin = "defaulted";
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.values);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
             return def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
@@ -1707,8 +2203,8 @@ export const $ZodPrefault = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodPrefault", (ins
 });
 export const $ZodNonOptional = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNonOptional", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => {
-        const v = def.innerType._zod.values;
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => {
+        const v = zod.def.innerType._zod.values;
         return v ? new Set([...v].filter((x) => x !== undefined)) : undefined;
     });
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
@@ -1747,45 +2243,40 @@ export const $ZodSuccess = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodSuccess", (inst,
         return payload;
     };
 });
+function handleCatchResult(payload, result, def, ctx) {
+    if (!result.issues.length) {
+        payload.value = result.value;
+        // The value carries up, so the flag describing it has to carry with it: a back-edge into a node still being parsed must not be frozen by an enclosing readonly, and its checks belong to the node itself. Guarded so the ordinary case adds no own property.
+        if (result.memo)
+            payload.memo = true;
+        return payload;
+    }
+    // Spread the inner's own payload, not ours: `value` has to stay the input the catch was handed, and the inner ran on a payload of its own so its issues are already private to this call.
+    payload.value = def.catchValue({
+        ...result,
+        value: payload.value,
+        error: {
+            issues: result.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())),
+        },
+        input: payload.value,
+    });
+    return payload;
+}
 export const $ZodCatch = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCatch", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optin", () => def.innerType._zod.optin);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optout", () => def.innerType._zod.optout);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => def.innerType._zod.values);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.optin === "defaulted" ? "defaulted" : "optional");
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optout", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.optout);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.values);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
             return def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
         }
         // Forward direction (decode): apply catch logic
-        const result = def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
+        const result = def.innerType._zod.run({ value: payload.value, issues: [] }, ctx);
         if (result instanceof Promise) {
-            return result.then((result) => {
-                payload.value = result.value;
-                if (result.issues.length) {
-                    payload.value = def.catchValue({
-                        ...payload,
-                        error: {
-                            issues: result.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())),
-                        },
-                        input: payload.value,
-                    });
-                    payload.issues = [];
-                }
-                return payload;
-            });
+            return result.then((result) => handleCatchResult(payload, result, def, ctx));
         }
-        payload.value = result.value;
-        if (result.issues.length) {
-            payload.value = def.catchValue({
-                ...payload,
-                error: {
-                    issues: result.issues.map((iss) => util.finalizeIssue(iss, ctx, core.config())),
-                },
-                input: payload.value,
-            });
-            payload.issues = [];
-        }
-        return payload;
+        return handleCatchResult(payload, result, def, ctx);
     };
 });
 export const $ZodNaN = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNaN", (inst, def) => {
@@ -1805,10 +2296,10 @@ export const $ZodNaN = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodNaN", (inst, def) =>
 });
 export const $ZodPipe = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodPipe", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => def.in._zod.values);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optin", () => def.in._zod.optin);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optout", () => def.out._zod.optout);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "propValues", () => def.in._zod.propValues);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => zod.def.in._zod.values);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.def.in._zod.optin);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optout", (zod) => zod.def.out._zod.optout);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "propValues", (zod) => zod.def.in._zod.propValues);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
             const right = def.out._zod.run(payload, ctx);
@@ -1825,7 +2316,8 @@ export const $ZodPipe = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodPipe", (inst, def)
     };
 });
 function handlePipeResult(left, next, ctx) {
-    if (left.issues.length) {
+    // Any issue stops the pipe, so a failing refinement never feeds its transform. An unrecognized key is the exception: it describes the input's extra properties, not the value being piped, and an enclosing intersection may yet reconcile it.
+    if (left.issues.some((iss) => iss.code !== "unrecognized_keys")) {
         // prevent further checks
         left.aborted = true;
         return left;
@@ -1834,10 +2326,10 @@ function handlePipeResult(left, next, ctx) {
 }
 export const $ZodCodec = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodCodec", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => def.in._zod.values);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optin", () => def.in._zod.optin);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optout", () => def.out._zod.optout);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "propValues", () => def.in._zod.propValues);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => zod.def.in._zod.values);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.def.in._zod.optin);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optout", (zod) => zod.def.out._zod.optout);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "propValues", (zod) => zod.def.in._zod.propValues);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const direction = ctx.direction || "forward";
         if (direction === "forward") {
@@ -1886,12 +2378,15 @@ function handleCodecTxResult(left, value, nextSchema, ctx) {
     }
     return nextSchema._zod.run({ value, issues: left.issues }, ctx);
 }
+export const $ZodPreprocess = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodPreprocess", (inst, def) => {
+    $ZodPipe.init(inst, def);
+});
 export const $ZodReadonly = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodReadonly", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "propValues", () => def.innerType._zod.propValues);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "values", () => def.innerType._zod.values);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optin", () => def.innerType?._zod?.optin);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optout", () => def.innerType?._zod?.optout);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "propValues", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.propValues);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "values", (zod) => zod.def.innerType._zod.values);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.def.innerType?._zod?.optin);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optout", (zod) => zod.def.innerType?._zod?.optout);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         if (ctx.direction === "backward") {
             return def.innerType._zod.run(payload, ctx);
@@ -1904,25 +2399,72 @@ export const $ZodReadonly = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodReadonly", (ins
     };
 });
 function handleReadonlyResult(payload) {
-    payload.value = Object.freeze(payload.value);
+    // A repeat visit hands back a node that is still being built; freezing it here would make the rest of its keys fail to assign.
+    if (!payload.memo)
+        payload.value = Object.freeze(payload.value);
     return payload;
 }
+// a leaf's pattern source with its own checks folded in: the last pattern-carrying check wins, else length bounds narrow the catch-all, else an integer format narrows the number form. the fold lives here instead of on `_zod.pattern` so a bundle without template literals never pays for it
+function leafPattern(schema) {
+    const def = schema._zod.def;
+    let pattern = def.pattern;
+    let isInt = !!def.format?.includes("int");
+    let minimum;
+    let maximum;
+    for (const ch of def.checks ?? []) {
+        const d = ch._zod.def;
+        if (d.pattern)
+            pattern = d.pattern;
+        isInt || (isInt = !!d.format?.includes("int"));
+        const lo = d.minimum ?? d.length;
+        const hi = d.maximum ?? d.length;
+        if (lo !== undefined && (minimum === undefined || lo > minimum))
+            minimum = lo;
+        if (hi !== undefined && (maximum === undefined || hi < maximum))
+            maximum = hi;
+    }
+    if (pattern)
+        return pattern.source;
+    // an empty range matches nothing at runtime, and `{8,5}` is not a legal quantifier
+    if (minimum !== undefined && maximum !== undefined && minimum > maximum)
+        return "(?!)";
+    if (minimum !== undefined || maximum !== undefined)
+        return regexes.string({ minimum, maximum }).source;
+    const own = schema._zod.pattern;
+    return (isInt && own === regexes.number ? regexes.integer : own)?.source;
+}
+// a part's pattern source. a wrapper's pattern embeds its inner pattern's source verbatim, so the folded form is substituted in place without knowing the wrapper's own composition; a union's options are joined the way the union builds its own pattern
+function partPattern(schema) {
+    const def = schema._zod.def;
+    const own = schema._zod.pattern?.source;
+    // lazy resolves its inner on the internals, not the def
+    const inner = def.innerType ?? schema._zod.innerType;
+    if (inner) {
+        const before = inner._zod.pattern?.source;
+        const after = partPattern(inner);
+        if (own && before && after && after !== before) {
+            return own.replace(util.cleanRegex(before), () => util.cleanRegex(after));
+        }
+        return own;
+    }
+    if (def.options) {
+        const sources = def.options.map(partPattern);
+        if (sources.every(Boolean))
+            return `^(${sources.map((s) => util.cleanRegex(s)).join("|")})$`;
+    }
+    return leafPattern(schema);
+}
 export const $ZodTemplateLiteral = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTemplateLiteral", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
     const regexParts = [];
     for (const part of def.parts) {
         if (typeof part === "object" && part !== null) {
             // is Zod schema
-            if (!part._zod.pattern) {
-                // if (!source)
+            const source = partPattern(part);
+            if (!source) {
                 throw new Error(`Invalid template literal part, no pattern found: ${[...part._zod.traits].shift()}`);
             }
-            const source = part._zod.pattern instanceof RegExp ? part._zod.pattern.source : part._zod.pattern;
-            if (!source)
-                throw new Error(`Invalid template literal part: ${part._zod.traits}`);
-            const start = source.startsWith("^") ? 1 : 0;
-            const end = source.endsWith("$") ? source.length - 1 : source.length;
-            regexParts.push(source.slice(start, end));
+            regexParts.push(util.cleanRegex(source));
         }
         else if (part === null || util.primitiveTypes.has(typeof part)) {
             regexParts.push(util.escapeRegex(`${part}`));
@@ -1958,33 +2500,35 @@ export const $ZodTemplateLiteral = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodTemplate
 });
 export const $ZodFunction = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodFunction", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    inst._def = def;
+    // Defined, not assigned: the classic prototype exposes `_def` as a getter with no setter.
+    Object.defineProperty(inst, "_def", { value: def });
     inst._zod.def = def;
     inst.implement = (func) => {
         if (typeof func !== "function") {
             throw new Error("implement() must be called with a function");
         }
-        return function (...args) {
+        // Defined inline so the closure stays anonymous: binding it to a `const` first names it, which costs 256 bytes per implemented function.
+        return Object.defineProperty(function (...args) {
             const parsedArgs = inst._def.input ? parse(inst._def.input, args) : args;
             const result = Reflect.apply(func, this, parsedArgs);
             if (inst._def.output) {
                 return parse(inst._def.output, result);
             }
             return result;
-        };
+        }, "_zod", { value: inst._zod, enumerable: false });
     };
     inst.implementAsync = (func) => {
         if (typeof func !== "function") {
             throw new Error("implementAsync() must be called with a function");
         }
-        return async function (...args) {
+        return Object.defineProperty(async function (...args) {
             const parsedArgs = inst._def.input ? await parseAsync(inst._def.input, args) : args;
             const result = await Reflect.apply(func, this, parsedArgs);
             if (inst._def.output) {
                 return await parseAsync(inst._def.output, result);
             }
             return result;
-        };
+        }, "_zod", { value: inst._zod, enumerable: false });
     };
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, _ctx) => {
         if (typeof payload.value !== "function") {
@@ -2043,18 +2587,17 @@ export const $ZodPromise = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodPromise", (inst,
 });
 export const $ZodLazy = /*@__PURE__*/ core.$constructor("$ZodLazy", (inst, def) => {
     $ZodType.init(inst, def);
-    // let _innerType!: any;
-    // util.defineLazy(def, "getter", () => {
-    //   if (!_innerType) {
-    //     _innerType = def.getter();
-    //   }
-    //   return () => _innerType;
-    // });
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "innerType", () => def.getter());
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "pattern", () => inst._zod.innerType?._zod?.pattern);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "propValues", () => inst._zod.innerType?._zod?.propValues);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optin", () => inst._zod.innerType?._zod?.optin ?? undefined);
-    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "optout", () => inst._zod.innerType?._zod?.optout ?? undefined);
+    // Cache the resolved inner type on the shared `def` so all clones of this lazy (e.g. via `.describe()`/`.meta()`) share the same inner instance, preserving identity for cycle detection on recursive schemas.
+    util.defineLazy(inst._zod, "innerType", () => {
+        const d = def;
+        if (!d._cachedInner)
+            d._cachedInner = def.getter();
+        return d._cachedInner;
+    });
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "pattern", (zod) => zod.innerType?._zod?.pattern);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "propValues", (zod) => zod.innerType?._zod?.propValues);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optin", (zod) => zod.innerType?._zod?.optin ?? undefined);
+    util.defineLazyInternal(inst, "optout", (zod) => zod.innerType?._zod?.optout ?? undefined);
     inst._zod.parse = (payload, ctx) => {
         const inner = inst._zod.innerType;
         return inner._zod.run(payload, ctx);