craftdriver 1.4.0 → 1.6.0

package/dist/lib/webelement.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"webelement.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/lib/webelement.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AACA,OAAO,KAAK,EAAmB,iBAAiB,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AACrE,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE,EAAE,MAAM,SAAS,CAAC;AAE7B,eAAO,MAAM,eAAe,wCAAwC,CAAC;AACrE,eAAO,MAAM,kBAAkB,YAAY,CAAC;AAE5C,qBAAa,UAAU;IAEnB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ;IAChB,OAAO,CAAC,SAAS;IACjB,OAAO,CAAC,SAAS;gBAFT,QAAQ,EAAE,iBAAiB,EAC3B,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,EACjB,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM;IAG3B,KAAK,IAAI,MAAM;IAIT,KAAK,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC;IAStB,QAAQ,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC;IAUrC,OAAO,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC;IAUhC,MAAM;;;;IAIA,WAAW,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;IAU/B,gBAAgB,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC;IAUnC,KAAK,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC;IAStB,YAAY,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC;IAUlD,WAAW,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;IAU3C,SAAS,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;IAU7B,UAAU,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;IAU9B,UAAU,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC;IAU7B,OAAO,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC;QAAE,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;QAAC,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;QAAC,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;QAAC,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,CAAA;KAAE,CAAC;IAU3E,YAAY,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,CAAC;CAiBvD"}
+{"version":3,"file":"webelement.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/lib/webelement.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AACA,OAAO,KAAK,EAAmB,iBAAiB,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AACrE,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE,EAAE,MAAM,SAAS,CAAC;AAE7B,eAAO,MAAM,eAAe,wCAAwC,CAAC;AACrE,eAAO,MAAM,kBAAkB,YAAY,CAAC;AAuG5C,qBAAa,UAAU;IAEnB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ;IAChB,OAAO,CAAC,SAAS;IACjB,OAAO,CAAC,SAAS;gBAFT,QAAQ,EAAE,iBAAiB,EAC3B,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,EACjB,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM;IAG3B,KAAK,IAAI,MAAM;IAIT,KAAK,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC;IAStB,QAAQ,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC;IAUrC,OAAO,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC;IAUhC,MAAM;;;;IAIA,WAAW,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;IA0B/B,gBAAgB,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC;IAUnC,KAAK,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC;IAStB,YAAY,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC;IAUlD,WAAW,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;IAU3C,SAAS,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;IAU7B,UAAU,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC;IAU9B,UAAU,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC;IAU7B,OAAO,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC;QAAE,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;QAAC,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;QAAC,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;QAAC,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,CAAA;KAAE,CAAC;IAU3E,YAAY,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,CAAC;CAiBvD"}

package/dist/lib/webelement.js

@@ -1,6 +1,106 @@
 import { HttpClient } from './http.js';
 export const W3C_ELEMENT_KEY = 'element-6066-11e4-a52e-4f735466cecf';
 export const LEGACY_ELEMENT_KEY = 'ELEMENT';
+/**
+ * W3C-compatible "is element displayed" algorithm, executed via
+ * `POST /execute/sync`. Faithfully reproduces the behavior of Selenium's
+ * `bot.dom.isShown_` (the atom chromedriver and geckodriver's native
+ * `is displayed` commands are compiled from), so results match the browsers
+ * that currently answer via the legacy `/element/{id}/displayed` endpoint —
+ * while also working on Safari, whose command table omits that endpoint.
+ *
+ * Written in ES5-compatible style (plain `function`s, `var`, `for` loops) to
+ * match the other scripts sent to `/execute/sync` in this codebase and to run
+ * safely across every supported Classic remote end. Receives the element as
+ * `arguments[0]` and returns a boolean.
+ *
+ * Rules, each mirroring the corresponding `bot.dom` behavior:
+ *  - `<input type="hidden">` and `<noscript>` are never shown.
+ *  - `display:none` on the element OR any ancestor hides it. `display` is not
+ *    inherited, so the ancestor chain must be walked explicitly.
+ *  - `visibility:hidden`/`collapse` hides it. `visibility` IS inherited, and a
+ *    descendant may override an ancestor back to `visible`, so we check only the
+ *    element's OWN computed value (getComputedStyle already resolves
+ *    inheritance) — this both matches `bot.dom` and is more correct than walking
+ *    the chain for visibility.
+ *  - No positive-area box hides it, unless a child has one (zero-size wrappers)
+ *    or it is a `<br>` (a legitimately zero-width line break). Mirrors
+ *    `bot.dom.positiveSize_`.
+ *  - Being clipped out of view by an `overflow:hidden` ancestor hides it,
+ *    matching `bot.dom.OverflowState.HIDDEN`. An element scrolled out of a
+ *    `scroll`/`auto` ancestor is still considered shown (it can be scrolled
+ *    into view — `bot.dom.OverflowState.SCROLL`), so it is not treated as
+ *    hidden here.
+ */
+const IS_DISPLAYED_ATOM = `
+var elem = arguments[0];
+if (!elem || elem.nodeType !== 1) { return false; }
+
+var win = elem.ownerDocument.defaultView || window;
+function style(e, prop) {
+  var cs = win.getComputedStyle(e, null);
+  return cs ? cs.getPropertyValue(prop) : '';
+}
+
+// <input type="hidden"> is never shown (bot.dom.isShown_).
+var tag = elem.tagName ? elem.tagName.toUpperCase() : '';
+if (tag === 'INPUT' && (elem.type || '').toLowerCase() === 'hidden') { return false; }
+// <noscript> is not rendered.
+if (tag === 'NOSCRIPT') { return false; }
+
+// display:none on the element or any ancestor hides it. display is NOT
+// inherited, so the whole chain must be checked (bot.dom.displayed_).
+var node = elem;
+while (node && node.nodeType === 1) {
+  if (style(node, 'display') === 'none') { return false; }
+  node = node.parentElement;
+}
+
+// visibility:hidden/collapse hides it. visibility IS inherited but overridable
+// by descendants, so checking the element's own computed value is correct.
+var vis = style(elem, 'visibility');
+if (vis === 'hidden' || vis === 'collapse') { return false; }
+
+// An element with no positive-area box is not shown, unless a child has one
+// (zero-size wrapper) or it is a <br> (bot.dom.positiveSize_).
+function positiveSize(e) {
+  var r = e.getBoundingClientRect();
+  if (r.width > 0 && r.height > 0) { return true; }
+  if (e.tagName && e.tagName.toUpperCase() === 'BR') { return true; }
+  var kids = e.childNodes;
+  for (var i = 0; i < kids.length; i++) {
+    var k = kids[i];
+    if (k.nodeType === 1 && positiveSize(k)) { return true; }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+if (!positiveSize(elem)) { return false; }
+
+// Clipped out of view by an overflow:hidden ancestor => hidden
+// (bot.dom.OverflowState.HIDDEN). scroll/auto ancestors are treated as shown
+// (OverflowState.SCROLL — scrollable into view). position:fixed escapes
+// ancestor clipping, so skip the check for fixed elements.
+if (style(elem, 'position') !== 'fixed') {
+  var rect = elem.getBoundingClientRect();
+  var parent = elem.parentElement;
+  while (parent) {
+    var ox = style(parent, 'overflow-x');
+    var oy = style(parent, 'overflow-y');
+    if (ox === 'hidden' || oy === 'hidden' || ox === 'clip' || oy === 'clip') {
+      var pr = parent.getBoundingClientRect();
+      var clippedX = (ox === 'hidden' || ox === 'clip') &&
+        (rect.right <= pr.left || rect.left >= pr.right);
+      var clippedY = (oy === 'hidden' || oy === 'clip') &&
+        (rect.bottom <= pr.top || rect.top >= pr.bottom);
+      if (clippedX || clippedY) { return false; }
+    }
+    if (style(parent, 'position') === 'fixed') { break; }
+    parent = parent.parentElement;
+  }
+}
+
+return true;
+`;
 export class WebElement {
     endpoint;
     sessionId;
@@ -43,10 +143,26 @@ export class WebElement {
         return { [W3C_ELEMENT_KEY]: this.elementId, [LEGACY_ELEMENT_KEY]: this.elementId };
     }
     async isDisplayed() {
+        // The legacy `GET /element/{id}/displayed` endpoint is a pre-W3C JSON Wire
+        // Protocol command. chromedriver/geckodriver still accept it for backward
+        // compatibility, but it was never part of W3C WebDriver Classic and is
+        // absent from Apple's Safari 12+ command table. We therefore compute
+        // displayedness the same way every real driver does under the hood: by
+        // executing the well-known "displayedness atom" via the standard
+        // `POST /execute/sync` command, which every Classic remote end supports.
+        //
+        // The script below mirrors Selenium's `bot.dom.isShown_`
+        // (selenium/javascript/atoms/dom.js) — the exact algorithm chromedriver's
+        // and geckodriver's `is displayed` implementations are compiled from, and
+        // the same one wdio/Playwright rely on. Keeping it byte-for-byte faithful
+        // in behavior is what preserves existing Chrome/Chromium/Firefox results;
+        // this is a protocol change, not a semantics change. Each rule is annotated
+        // with the `bot.dom` behavior it reproduces so a reviewer can verify it.
         const client = new HttpClient(this.endpoint);
         const res = await client.send({
-            method: 'GET',
-            path: `/session/${this.sessionId}/element/${this.elementId}/displayed`,
+            method: 'POST',
+            path: `/session/${this.sessionId}/execute/sync`,
+            body: { script: IS_DISPLAYED_ATOM, args: [this.toJSON()] },
         });
         const value = res?.value ?? res;
         return Boolean(value);

package/dist/lib/webelement.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/docs/api-reference.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Launch browsers, move between pages and frames, handle dialogs, and wait for nav
 | Symbol | Kind | Summary | Docs |
 |---|---|---|---|
 | `Browser` | class | — | [browser-api](browser-api.md) |
-| `LaunchOptions` | type | Mutually-exclusive browser and Electron renderer launch configurations. | [browser-api](browser-api.md) |
+| `LaunchOptions` | type | Mutually-exclusive browser, Electron, and remote-WebDriver launch configurations. | [browser-api](browser-api.md) |
 | `LoadState` | type | When to consider a navigation complete. - `'load'` — page `load` event has fired (default) - `'domcontentloaded'` — `DOMContentLoaded` has fired (faster, no waiting for images/fonts) - `'networkidle'` — `load` + no in-flight requests for 500 ms - `'none'` — do not wait; return as soon as the navigation is initiated | [browser-api](browser-api.md) |
 | `Page` | class | — | [browser-api](browser-api.md) |
 | `Frame` | class | — | [browser-api](browser-api.md) |
@@ -153,6 +153,8 @@ Handle stable CraftDriver errors or customize browser driver services.
 | `ChromeServiceOptions` | type | — | [getting-started](getting-started.md) |
 | `FirefoxService` | class | — | [getting-started](getting-started.md) |
 | `FirefoxServiceOptions` | type | — | [getting-started](getting-started.md) |
+| `SafariService` | class | — | [getting-started](getting-started.md) |
+| `SafariServiceOptions` | type | — | [getting-started](getting-started.md) |
 
 ## Other Exports
 
@@ -165,5 +167,7 @@ Exports that are public but not yet assigned to a feature group.
 | `ElectronMockCall` | type | One recorded invocation of a mocked Electron main-process method. | — |
 | `ElectronRemoteOptions` | type | Extra context ElectronRemote needs beyond the inspector endpoint. | [electron](electron.md) |
 | `PageMatcher` | type | Selects a top-level page by `url` and/or `title` for {@link Browser.waitForPage}. A string matches as a substring; a `RegExp` is tested. When both fields are given, both must match. | [browser-api](browser-api.md) |
+| `RemoteAuth` | type | — | — |
+| `RemoteWebDriverOptions` | type | Options for connecting to any W3C-compatible remote WebDriver endpoint — a self-hosted Selenium Grid, BrowserStack, or another cloud provider. Provider-specific detail (BrowserStack's `bstack:options`, etc.) is forwarded through `capabilities` without schema conversion. | — |
 
-Total exports: **82**.
+Total exports: **86**.

package/docs/browser-api.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ const browser = await Browser.launch({
 
 | Option | Type | Default | Description |
 |--------|------|---------|-------------|
-| `browserName` | `'chrome' \| 'chromium' \| 'firefox'` | `'chrome'` | Browser to launch |
+| `browserName` | `'chrome' \| 'chromium' \| 'firefox' \| 'safari'`; any non-empty `string` remotely | `'chrome'` | Local browser to launch or provider-facing remote browser name |
 | `enableBiDi` | `boolean` | browsers: `true`; Electron: `false` | Use WebDriver BiDi. Electron requires an explicit opt-in because negotiation resets its initial renderer to `about:blank`. |
 | `storageState` | `string` | — | Path to a session-state JSON file to load on startup |
 | `mobileEmulation` | `MobileEmulation \| DeviceName` | — | Mobile device emulation settings (Chrome/Chromium only) |
@@ -35,10 +35,11 @@ const browser = await Browser.launch({
 | `browserPath` | `string` | — | Custom browser binary to launch (Chrome/Chromium/Firefox) — see [Driver Configuration → Browser Binary Configuration](./driver-configuration.md#browser-binary-configuration) |
 | `electron` | `ElectronLaunchOptions` | — | Launch a packaged Electron application renderer instead of a browser. Mutually exclusive with browser-only options; see [Testing Electron Apps](./electron.md). |
 | `electronService` | `ElectronService` | automatic | Customize the Electron-specific chromedriver service. Valid only with `electron`. |
+| `remote` | `RemoteWebDriverOptions` | — | Connect to a remote W3C WebDriver endpoint instead of launching locally. It supports `browserName`, `enableBiDi`, and `storageState`, but not local service, binary, argument, emulation, or download-directory options. **Not supported by the CLI or MCP server.** See [Remote WebDriver](./remote-webdriver.md). |
 
-The TypeScript surface is a discriminated union: browser options and Electron
-options cannot be mixed. The same validation runs at runtime for JavaScript and
-JSON-driven callers.
+The TypeScript surface is a discriminated union for local browser, Electron,
+and remote targets. Target-specific conflicts are also validated at runtime
+for JavaScript and JSON-driven callers.
 
 ## Navigation
 

package/docs/driver-configuration.md

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 # Driver Configuration
 
+> This page is **local-only** — it covers resolving a local
+> chromedriver/geckodriver/safaridriver binary. Connecting to a remote
+> Selenium Grid or cloud provider instead of a local driver process is a
+> different, simpler configuration surface — see
+> [Remote WebDriver](./remote-webdriver.md).
+
 Craftdriver resolves the WebDriver binary through a chain — first match wins:
 
 | Step | Source |
@@ -279,3 +285,57 @@ const browser = await Browser.launch({
   }),
 });
 ```
+
+## Safari (macOS): driver ships with the browser
+
+Everything above (steps 1–9, the download chain, the TTL cache) resolves
+**chromedriver**/**geckodriver** — binaries craftdriver may fetch and cache on
+disk. `browserName: 'safari'` doesn't fit that model at all: Apple ships
+`safaridriver` as part of macOS/Safari itself, so there is no download, no
+version-matching problem, and no cache to warm. This page covers only driver
+**resolution**; for setup (`safaridriver --enable`), capabilities, limitations,
+and Safari Technology Preview, see the [**Safari guide**](./safari.md).
+
+`SafariService` resolves the `safaridriver` binary through its own chain —
+first match wins, and none of these steps ever triggers a network call:
+
+| Step | Source |
+|---|---|
+| 1 | `binaryPath` passed to `new SafariService({ binaryPath })` |
+| 2 | `CRAFTDRIVER_SAFARIDRIVER_PATH` env var |
+| 3 | `CRAFTDRIVER_DRIVER_PATH` env var (generic fallback, shared with Chrome/Firefox) |
+| 4 | `/usr/bin/safaridriver` (the fixed system location on macOS) |
+| 5 | `safaridriver` on `PATH` |
+| 6 | a clear, actionable error if nothing resolves — craftdriver never downloads a `safaridriver` |
+
+To pin **Safari Technology Preview**, point `binaryPath` at its bundled driver
+(`/Applications/Safari Technology Preview.app/Contents/MacOS/safaridriver`) —
+see the [Safari guide](./safari.md#safari-technology-preview).
+
+### Extra `safaridriver` arguments
+
+`SafariService` accepts `args`, passed through verbatim after `--port <port>`.
+The most useful one is `--diagnose`, which turns on `safaridriver`'s
+diagnostic logging (written under `~/Library/Logs/com.apple.WebDriver/`) —
+handy when a Safari session fails to start and the driver's own stdout/stderr
+isn't enough to tell why:
+
+```typescript
+const browser = await Browser.launch({
+  browserName: 'safari',
+  safariService: new SafariService({ args: ['--diagnose'] }),
+});
+```
+
+### What's different from Chrome/Firefox here
+
+- No `CRAFTDRIVER_CACHE_DIR`, `CRAFTDRIVER_DRIVER_TTL`, or `CRAFTDRIVER_OFFLINE`
+  behavior applies to Safari — there's nothing cached or downloaded to
+  configure.
+- No browser-binary resolution chain (`browserPath` / `CRAFTDRIVER_CHROME_PATH`-
+  style) exists for Safari — you select which Safari build's driver to use via
+  `SafariService.binaryPath` directly, as shown above, not via a separate
+  browser-path option.
+- `enableBiDi: true` is rejected before launch — Safari has no documented
+  WebDriver BiDi endpoint to negotiate. See
+  [WebDriver Standards → Safari is Classic-only](./standards.md#safari-is-classic-only).

package/docs/getting-started.md

@@ -75,29 +75,49 @@ returns the same `Page` the shortcuts would target.
 
 ## Launch Options
 
+The simplest launch runs Chrome:
+
+```typescript
+const browser = await Browser.launch(); // Chrome by default
+```
+
+Pick a browser with `browserName`:
+
 ```typescript
-// Chrome (default)
 const browser = await Browser.launch({
-  browserName: 'chrome', // 'chrome' | 'chromium' | 'firefox'
+  browserName: 'firefox', // 'chrome' | 'chromium' | 'firefox' | 'safari'
   storageState: './session.json', // optional: pre-load saved session state
 });
+```
+
+To switch browsers from an environment variable in your own tests, read it
+yourself and pass it to `browserName` — craftdriver doesn't read any browser
+env var for you:
 
-// Firefox
+```typescript
 const browser = await Browser.launch({
-  browserName: 'firefox',
+  browserName: process.env.BROWSER_NAME ?? 'chrome',
 });
 ```
 
-### Running tests on Firefox
+### Safari
 
-Set `BROWSER_NAME=firefox` before running your test command:
+Safari runs on macOS with the same API, as a smaller Classic-only tier. Enable
+automation once (`safaridriver --enable`) and launch:
 
-```bash
-BROWSER_NAME=firefox npx vitest run
-# or use the built-in script if your package.json has it:
-npm run test:firefox
+```typescript
+const browser = await Browser.launch({ browserName: 'safari' });
+await browser.navigateTo('http://127.0.0.1:8080/login.html');
+await browser.fill('#username', 'alice');
+await browser.click('#submit');
+await browser.quit();
 ```
 
+Safari is macOS-only, headed, and serial (one session at a time), and doesn't
+support BiDi-only features (network mocking, tracing, emulation, …). See the
+[**Safari guide**](./safari.md) for the full picture — setup, what works, and
+Safari Technology Preview.
+
 ### Custom WebDriver binary or port
 
 `Browser.launch()` resolves the driver binary automatically. To pin a

package/docs/index.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ features:
     details: CLI, MCP server, and assistant rules are there when you want coding agents to drive the browser too.
 ---
 
-## One Install
+## Quick Start
 
 ```bash
 npm install craftdriver --save-dev
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ await browser.quit();
 | Write browser automation          | [Getting Started](./getting-started.md) |
 | Solve a common testing workflow   | [Recipes](./recipes.md)                 |
 | Give an AI coding agent a browser | [AI Agent Guide](./agents.md)           |
+| Run on a Grid or cloud provider   | [Remote WebDriver](./remote-webdriver.md) |
 
 ## Good Stuff To Read Next
 

package/docs/keyboard-mouse.md

@@ -255,10 +255,11 @@ This is often more convenient than using the global keyboard API.
 
 ---
 
-## Touch gestures (mobile emulation)
+## Touch gestures
 
-When running with `mobileEmulation`, two convenience gestures are
-exposed under `browser.gesture`:
+When running Chrome/Chromium with `mobileEmulation`, or a remote real-device
+session whose provider supports W3C touch-pointer actions, two convenience
+gestures are exposed under `browser.gesture`:
 
 ```typescript
 // Swipe from one point to another (px coordinates).
@@ -277,5 +278,6 @@ await browser.gesture.pinch({
 });
 ```
 
-These wrap the W3C Pointer Actions API with two simulated touch
-pointers. They work whether or not BiDi is enabled.
+These use W3C Pointer Actions and do not require BiDi. Remote support depends
+on the selected device, browser, and provider. Local desktop Safari rejects
+touch gestures because it has no documented touch-pointer automation surface.

package/docs/public/examples/displayed.html

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8" />
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
+  <title>Craftdriver Displayedness</title>
+  <style>
+    body {
+      font-family: system-ui, Arial, sans-serif;
+      margin: 1rem;
+    }
+
+    /* An ancestor hidden via display:none. Its descendant #hidden-by-ancestor
+       has no style of its own but must count as not displayed. */
+    #display-none-ancestor {
+      display: none;
+    }
+
+    /* Own visibility:hidden. */
+    #visibility-hidden {
+      visibility: hidden;
+    }
+
+    /* Zero-sized content: no rendered box, overflow clipped. */
+    #zero-size {
+      width: 0;
+      height: 0;
+      overflow: hidden;
+    }
+
+    /* A scrollable-but-CLIPPING (overflow:hidden) container. The child at the
+       bottom is scrolled out of the container's viewport, so it is clipped and
+       not displayed (bot.dom OverflowState.HIDDEN). */
+    #clip-container {
+      width: 120px;
+      height: 80px;
+      overflow: hidden;
+      border: 1px solid #ccc;
+    }
+
+    #clip-spacer {
+      height: 400px;
+    }
+  </style>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+  <div class="container">
+    <!-- Plainly visible baseline. -->
+    <div id="visible-el">I am visible</div>
+
+    <!-- Hidden by a display:none ancestor. -->
+    <div id="display-none-ancestor">
+      <div id="hidden-by-ancestor">Hidden because my ancestor is display:none</div>
+    </div>
+
+    <!-- Own display:none. -->
+    <div id="display-none-self" style="display: none">Hidden by my own display:none</div>
+
+    <!-- Own visibility:hidden. -->
+    <div id="visibility-hidden">Hidden by my own visibility:hidden</div>
+
+    <!-- Visibility hidden ancestor with a visible descendant override:
+         the child sets visibility:visible and MUST count as displayed. -->
+    <div style="visibility: hidden">
+      <div id="visibility-visible-override" style="visibility: visible">
+        Visible again despite hidden ancestor
+      </div>
+    </div>
+
+    <!-- Zero-sized content. -->
+    <div id="zero-size">unrenderable</div>
+
+    <!-- A <br> is legitimately zero-width but should count as displayed. -->
+    <br id="line-break" />
+
+    <!-- Element scrolled out of an overflow:hidden container's viewport. -->
+    <div id="clip-container">
+      <div id="clip-spacer"></div>
+      <div id="scrolled-out-of-clip">I am below the clipped fold</div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</body>
+
+</html>