cp-toolkit 2.0.0

package/templates/skills/optional/nextjs-react-expert/3-server-server-side-performance.md

@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+# 3. Server-Side Performance
+
+> **Impact:** HIGH
+> **Focus:** Optimizing server-side rendering and data fetching eliminates server-side waterfalls and reduces response times.
+
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+This section contains **7 rules** focused on server-side performance.
+
+---
+
+## Rule 3.1: Authenticate Server Actions Like API Routes
+
+**Impact:** CRITICAL  
+**Tags:** server, server-actions, authentication, security, authorization  
+
+## Authenticate Server Actions Like API Routes
+
+**Impact: CRITICAL (prevents unauthorized access to server mutations)**
+
+Server Actions (functions with `"use server"`) are exposed as public endpoints, just like API routes. Always verify authentication and authorization **inside** each Server Action—do not rely solely on middleware, layout guards, or page-level checks, as Server Actions can be invoked directly.
+
+Next.js documentation explicitly states: "Treat Server Actions with the same security considerations as public-facing API endpoints, and verify if the user is allowed to perform a mutation."
+
+**Incorrect (no authentication check):**
+
+```typescript
+'use server'
+
+export async function deleteUser(userId: string) {
+  // Anyone can call this! No auth check
+  await db.user.delete({ where: { id: userId } })
+  return { success: true }
+}
+```
+
+**Correct (authentication inside the action):**
+
+```typescript
+'use server'
+
+import { verifySession } from '@/lib/auth'
+import { unauthorized } from '@/lib/errors'
+
+export async function deleteUser(userId: string) {
+  // Always check auth inside the action
+  const session = await verifySession()
+  
+  if (!session) {
+    throw unauthorized('Must be logged in')
+  }
+  
+  // Check authorization too
+  if (session.user.role !== 'admin' && session.user.id !== userId) {
+    throw unauthorized('Cannot delete other users')
+  }
+  
+  await db.user.delete({ where: { id: userId } })
+  return { success: true }
+}
+```
+
+**With input validation:**
+
+```typescript
+'use server'
+
+import { verifySession } from '@/lib/auth'
+import { z } from 'zod'
+
+const updateProfileSchema = z.object({
+  userId: z.string().uuid(),
+  name: z.string().min(1).max(100),
+  email: z.string().email()
+})
+
+export async function updateProfile(data: unknown) {
+  // Validate input first
+  const validated = updateProfileSchema.parse(data)
+  
+  // Then authenticate
+  const session = await verifySession()
+  if (!session) {
+    throw new Error('Unauthorized')
+  }
+  
+  // Then authorize
+  if (session.user.id !== validated.userId) {
+    throw new Error('Can only update own profile')
+  }
+  
+  // Finally perform the mutation
+  await db.user.update({
+    where: { id: validated.userId },
+    data: {
+      name: validated.name,
+      email: validated.email
+    }
+  })
+  
+  return { success: true }
+}
+```
+
+Reference: [https://nextjs.org/docs/app/guides/authentication](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/guides/authentication)
+
+---
+
+## Rule 3.2: Avoid Duplicate Serialization in RSC Props
+
+**Impact:** LOW  
+**Tags:** server, rsc, serialization, props, client-components  
+
+## Avoid Duplicate Serialization in RSC Props
+
+**Impact: LOW (reduces network payload by avoiding duplicate serialization)**
+
+RSC→client serialization deduplicates by object reference, not value. Same reference = serialized once; new reference = serialized again. Do transformations (`.toSorted()`, `.filter()`, `.map()`) in client, not server.
+
+**Incorrect (duplicates array):**
+
+```tsx
+// RSC: sends 6 strings (2 arrays × 3 items)
+<ClientList usernames={usernames} usernamesOrdered={usernames.toSorted()} />
+```
+
+**Correct (sends 3 strings):**
+
+```tsx
+// RSC: send once
+<ClientList usernames={usernames} />
+
+// Client: transform there
+'use client'
+const sorted = useMemo(() => [...usernames].sort(), [usernames])
+```
+
+**Nested deduplication behavior:**
+
+Deduplication works recursively. Impact varies by data type:
+
+- `string[]`, `number[]`, `boolean[]`: **HIGH impact** - array + all primitives fully duplicated
+- `object[]`: **LOW impact** - array duplicated, but nested objects deduplicated by reference
+
+```tsx
+// string[] - duplicates everything
+usernames={['a','b']} sorted={usernames.toSorted()} // sends 4 strings
+
+// object[] - duplicates array structure only
+users={[{id:1},{id:2}]} sorted={users.toSorted()} // sends 2 arrays + 2 unique objects (not 4)
+```
+
+**Operations breaking deduplication (create new references):**
+
+- Arrays: `.toSorted()`, `.filter()`, `.map()`, `.slice()`, `[...arr]`
+- Objects: `{...obj}`, `Object.assign()`, `structuredClone()`, `JSON.parse(JSON.stringify())`
+
+**More examples:**
+
+```tsx
+// ❌ Bad
+<C users={users} active={users.filter(u => u.active)} />
+<C product={product} productName={product.name} />
+
+// ✅ Good
+<C users={users} />
+<C product={product} />
+// Do filtering/destructuring in client
+```
+
+**Exception:** Pass derived data when transformation is expensive or client doesn't need original.
+
+---
+
+## Rule 3.3: Cross-Request LRU Caching
+
+**Impact:** HIGH  
+**Tags:** server, cache, lru, cross-request  
+
+## Cross-Request LRU Caching
+
+`React.cache()` only works within one request. For data shared across sequential requests (user clicks button A then button B), use an LRU cache.
+
+**Implementation:**
+
+```typescript
+import { LRUCache } from 'lru-cache'
+
+const cache = new LRUCache<string, any>({
+  max: 1000,
+  ttl: 5 * 60 * 1000  // 5 minutes
+})
+
+export async function getUser(id: string) {
+  const cached = cache.get(id)
+  if (cached) return cached
+
+  const user = await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id } })
+  cache.set(id, user)
+  return user
+}
+
+// Request 1: DB query, result cached
+// Request 2: cache hit, no DB query
+```
+
+Use when sequential user actions hit multiple endpoints needing the same data within seconds.
+
+**With Vercel's [Fluid Compute](https://vercel.com/docs/fluid-compute):** LRU caching is especially effective because multiple concurrent requests can share the same function instance and cache. This means the cache persists across requests without needing external storage like Redis.
+
+**In traditional serverless:** Each invocation runs in isolation, so consider Redis for cross-process caching.
+
+Reference: [https://github.com/isaacs/node-lru-cache](https://github.com/isaacs/node-lru-cache)
+
+---
+
+## Rule 3.4: Minimize Serialization at RSC Boundaries
+
+**Impact:** HIGH  
+**Tags:** server, rsc, serialization, props  
+
+## Minimize Serialization at RSC Boundaries
+
+The React Server/Client boundary serializes all object properties into strings and embeds them in the HTML response and subsequent RSC requests. This serialized data directly impacts page weight and load time, so **size matters a lot**. Only pass fields that the client actually uses.
+
+**Incorrect (serializes all 50 fields):**
+
+```tsx
+async function Page() {
+  const user = await fetchUser()  // 50 fields
+  return <Profile user={user} />
+}
+
+'use client'
+function Profile({ user }: { user: User }) {
+  return <div>{user.name}</div>  // uses 1 field
+}
+```
+
+**Correct (serializes only 1 field):**
+
+```tsx
+async function Page() {
+  const user = await fetchUser()
+  return <Profile name={user.name} />
+}
+
+'use client'
+function Profile({ name }: { name: string }) {
+  return <div>{name}</div>
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Rule 3.5: Parallel Data Fetching with Component Composition
+
+**Impact:** CRITICAL  
+**Tags:** server, rsc, parallel-fetching, composition  
+
+## Parallel Data Fetching with Component Composition
+
+React Server Components execute sequentially within a tree. Restructure with composition to parallelize data fetching.
+
+**Incorrect (Sidebar waits for Page's fetch to complete):**
+
+```tsx
+export default async function Page() {
+  const header = await fetchHeader()
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <div>{header}</div>
+      <Sidebar />
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+async function Sidebar() {
+  const items = await fetchSidebarItems()
+  return <nav>{items.map(renderItem)}</nav>
+}
+```
+
+**Correct (both fetch simultaneously):**
+
+```tsx
+async function Header() {
+  const data = await fetchHeader()
+  return <div>{data}</div>
+}
+
+async function Sidebar() {
+  const items = await fetchSidebarItems()
+  return <nav>{items.map(renderItem)}</nav>
+}
+
+export default function Page() {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <Header />
+      <Sidebar />
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+**Alternative with children prop:**
+
+```tsx
+async function Header() {
+  const data = await fetchHeader()
+  return <div>{data}</div>
+}
+
+async function Sidebar() {
+  const items = await fetchSidebarItems()
+  return <nav>{items.map(renderItem)}</nav>
+}
+
+function Layout({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <Header />
+      {children}
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+export default function Page() {
+  return (
+    <Layout>
+      <Sidebar />
+    </Layout>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Rule 3.6: Per-Request Deduplication with React.cache()
+
+**Impact:** MEDIUM  
+**Tags:** server, cache, react-cache, deduplication  
+
+## Per-Request Deduplication with React.cache()
+
+Use `React.cache()` for server-side request deduplication. Authentication and database queries benefit most.
+
+**Usage:**
+
+```typescript
+import { cache } from 'react'
+
+export const getCurrentUser = cache(async () => {
+  const session = await auth()
+  if (!session?.user?.id) return null
+  return await db.user.findUnique({
+    where: { id: session.user.id }
+  })
+})
+```
+
+Within a single request, multiple calls to `getCurrentUser()` execute the query only once.
+
+**Avoid inline objects as arguments:**
+
+`React.cache()` uses shallow equality (`Object.is`) to determine cache hits. Inline objects create new references each call, preventing cache hits.
+
+**Incorrect (always cache miss):**
+
+```typescript
+const getUser = cache(async (params: { uid: number }) => {
+  return await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id: params.uid } })
+})
+
+// Each call creates new object, never hits cache
+getUser({ uid: 1 })
+getUser({ uid: 1 })  // Cache miss, runs query again
+```
+
+**Correct (cache hit):**
+
+```typescript
+const getUser = cache(async (uid: number) => {
+  return await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id: uid } })
+})
+
+// Primitive args use value equality
+getUser(1)
+getUser(1)  // Cache hit, returns cached result
+```
+
+If you must pass objects, pass the same reference:
+
+```typescript
+const params = { uid: 1 }
+getUser(params)  // Query runs
+getUser(params)  // Cache hit (same reference)
+```
+
+**Next.js-Specific Note:**
+
+In Next.js, the `fetch` API is automatically extended with request memoization. Requests with the same URL and options are automatically deduplicated within a single request, so you don't need `React.cache()` for `fetch` calls. However, `React.cache()` is still essential for other async tasks:
+
+- Database queries (Prisma, Drizzle, etc.)
+- Heavy computations
+- Authentication checks
+- File system operations
+- Any non-fetch async work
+
+Use `React.cache()` to deduplicate these operations across your component tree.
+
+Reference: [React.cache documentation](https://react.dev/reference/react/cache)
+
+---
+
+## Rule 3.7: Use after() for Non-Blocking Operations
+
+**Impact:** MEDIUM  
+**Tags:** server, async, logging, analytics, side-effects  
+
+## Use after() for Non-Blocking Operations
+
+Use Next.js's `after()` to schedule work that should execute after a response is sent. This prevents logging, analytics, and other side effects from blocking the response.
+
+**Incorrect (blocks response):**
+
+```tsx
+import { logUserAction } from '@/app/utils'
+
+export async function POST(request: Request) {
+  // Perform mutation
+  await updateDatabase(request)
+  
+  // Logging blocks the response
+  const userAgent = request.headers.get('user-agent') || 'unknown'
+  await logUserAction({ userAgent })
+  
+  return new Response(JSON.stringify({ status: 'success' }), {
+    status: 200,
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
+  })
+}
+```
+
+**Correct (non-blocking):**
+
+```tsx
+import { after } from 'next/server'
+import { headers, cookies } from 'next/headers'
+import { logUserAction } from '@/app/utils'
+
+export async function POST(request: Request) {
+  // Perform mutation
+  await updateDatabase(request)
+  
+  // Log after response is sent
+  after(async () => {
+    const userAgent = (await headers()).get('user-agent') || 'unknown'
+    const sessionCookie = (await cookies()).get('session-id')?.value || 'anonymous'
+    
+    logUserAction({ sessionCookie, userAgent })
+  })
+  
+  return new Response(JSON.stringify({ status: 'success' }), {
+    status: 200,
+    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
+  })
+}
+```
+
+The response is sent immediately while logging happens in the background.
+
+**Common use cases:**
+
+- Analytics tracking
+- Audit logging
+- Sending notifications
+- Cache invalidation
+- Cleanup tasks
+
+**Important notes:**
+
+- `after()` runs even if the response fails or redirects
+- Works in Server Actions, Route Handlers, and Server Components
+
+Reference: [https://nextjs.org/docs/app/api-reference/functions/after](https://nextjs.org/docs/app/api-reference/functions/after)
+