compact-encoding 2.8.0 → 2.9.0

package/README.md

@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ npm install compact-encoding
 ``` js
 const cenc = require('compact-encoding')
 
-const state = { start: 0, end: 0, buffer: null }
+const state = cenc.state()
 
 // use preencode to figure out how big a buffer is needed
 cenc.uint.preencode(state, 42)
 cenc.string.preencode(state, 'hi')
 
-console.log(state) // { start: 0, end: 4, buffer: null }
+console.log(state) // { start: 0, end: 4, buffer: null, cache: null }
 
 state.buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(state.end)
 
@@ -36,13 +36,14 @@ cenc.string.decode(state) // 'hi'
 
 #### `state`
 
-Should be an object that looks like this `{ start, end, buffer }`.
+Should be an object that looks like this `{ start, end, buffer, cache }`.
 
 You can also get a blank state object using `cenc.state()`.
 
 * `start` is the byte offset to start encoding/decoding at.
 * `end` is the byte offset indicating the end of the buffer.
 * `buffer` should be either a Node.js Buffer or Uint8Array.
+* `cache` is used internally be codecs, starts out as `null`.
 
 #### `enc.preencode(state, val)`
 

package/index.js

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ const b4a = require('b4a')
 const LE = (new Uint8Array(new Uint16Array([0xff]).buffer))[0] === 0xff
 const BE = !LE
 
-exports.state = function () {
-  return { start: 0, end: 0, buffer: null }
+exports.state = function (start = 0, end = 0, buffer = null) {
+  return { start, end, buffer, cache: null }
 }
 
 const uint = exports.uint = {
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ function fromAbstractEncoder (enc) {
 }
 
 exports.encode = function encode (enc, m) {
-  const state = { start: 0, end: 0, buffer: null }
+  const state = exports.state()
   enc.preencode(state, m)
   state.buffer = b4a.allocUnsafe(state.end)
   enc.encode(state, m)
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ exports.encode = function encode (enc, m) {
 }
 
 exports.decode = function decode (enc, buffer) {
-  return enc.decode({ start: 0, end: buffer.byteLength, buffer })
+  return enc.decode(exports.state(0, buffer.byteLength, buffer))
 }
 
 function zigZag (enc) {

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "compact-encoding",
-  "version": "2.8.0",
+  "version": "2.9.0",
   "description": "A series of compact encoding schemes for building small and fast parsers and serializers",
   "main": "index.js",
   "dependencies": {

package/test.js

@@ -5,19 +5,19 @@ tape('uint', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.uint.preencode(state, 42)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 1, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 1))
   enc.uint.preencode(state, 4200)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 4, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 4))
   enc.uint.preencode(state, Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 13, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 13))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.uint.encode(state, 42)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 1, end: 13, buffer: Buffer.from([42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(1, 13, Buffer.from([42, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])))
   enc.uint.encode(state, 4200)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 4, end: 13, buffer: Buffer.from([42, 0xfd, 104, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(4, 13, Buffer.from([42, 0xfd, 104, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])))
   enc.uint.encode(state, Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 13, end: 13, buffer: Buffer.from([42, 0xfd, 104, 16, 0xff, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 31, 0]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(13, 13, Buffer.from([42, 0xfd, 104, 16, 0xff, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 31, 0])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.is(enc.uint.decode(state), 42)
@@ -32,15 +32,15 @@ tape('int', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.int.preencode(state, 42)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 1, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 1))
   enc.int.preencode(state, -4200)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 4, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 4))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.int.encode(state, 42)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 1, end: 4, buffer: Buffer.from([84, 0, 0, 0]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(1, 4, Buffer.from([84, 0, 0, 0])))
   enc.int.encode(state, -4200)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 4, end: 4, buffer: Buffer.from([84, 0xfd, 207, 32]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(4, 4, Buffer.from([84, 0xfd, 207, 32])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.is(enc.int.decode(state), 42)
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ tape('float64', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.float64.preencode(state, 162.2377294)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 8, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 8))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 8, buffer: Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 8, Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])))
   enc.float64.encode(state, 162.2377294)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 8, end: 8, buffer: Buffer.from([0x87, 0xc9, 0xaf, 0x7a, 0x9b, 0x47, 0x64, 0x40]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(8, 8, Buffer.from([0x87, 0xc9, 0xaf, 0x7a, 0x9b, 0x47, 0x64, 0x40])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.is(enc.float64.decode(state), 162.2377294)
@@ -74,13 +74,13 @@ tape('float64', function (t) {
 
   enc.int.preencode(state, 0)
   enc.float64.preencode(state, 162.2377294)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 9, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 9))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 9, buffer: Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 9, Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])))
   enc.int.encode(state, 0)
   enc.float64.encode(state, 162.2377294)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 9, end: 9, buffer: Buffer.from([0, 0x87, 0xc9, 0xaf, 0x7a, 0x9b, 0x47, 0x64, 0x40]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(9, 9, Buffer.from([0, 0x87, 0xc9, 0xaf, 0x7a, 0x9b, 0x47, 0x64, 0x40])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.is(enc.int.decode(state), 0)
@@ -91,10 +91,10 @@ tape('float64', function (t) {
   const buf = Buffer.alloc(10)
   state.start = 0
   state.buffer = buf.subarray(1)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 9, buffer: Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 9, Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])))
   enc.int.encode(state, 0)
   enc.float64.encode(state, 162.2377294)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 9, end: 9, buffer: Buffer.from([0, 0x87, 0xc9, 0xaf, 0x7a, 0x9b, 0x47, 0x64, 0x40]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(9, 9, Buffer.from([0, 0x87, 0xc9, 0xaf, 0x7a, 0x9b, 0x47, 0x64, 0x40])))
   t.alike(buf, Buffer.from([0, 0, 0x87, 0xc9, 0xaf, 0x7a, 0x9b, 0x47, 0x64, 0x40]))
 
   state.start = 0
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ tape('float64', function (t) {
   enc.float64.preencode(state, 162.2377294)
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.float64.encode(state, 0)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 8, end: 8, buffer: Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(8, 8, Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.is(enc.float64.decode(state), 0)
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ tape('float64', function (t) {
   enc.float64.preencode(state, Infinity)
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.float64.encode(state, Infinity)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 8, end: 8, buffer: Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xf0, 0x7f]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(8, 8, Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xf0, 0x7f])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.is(enc.float64.decode(state), Infinity)
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ tape('float64', function (t) {
   enc.float64.preencode(state, 0.1 + 0.2)
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.float64.encode(state, 0.1 + 0.2)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 8, end: 8, buffer: Buffer.from([0x34, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0xd3, 0x3f]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(8, 8, Buffer.from([0x34, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33, 0xd3, 0x3f])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.is(enc.float64.decode(state), 0.1 + 0.2)
@@ -149,19 +149,19 @@ tape('buffer', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.buffer.preencode(state, Buffer.from('hi'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 3, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 3))
   enc.buffer.preencode(state, Buffer.from('hello'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 9, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 9))
   enc.buffer.preencode(state, null)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 10, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 10))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.buffer.encode(state, Buffer.from('hi'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 3, end: 10, buffer: Buffer.from('\x02hi\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00') })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(3, 10, Buffer.from('\x02hi\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')))
   enc.buffer.encode(state, Buffer.from('hello'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 9, end: 10, buffer: Buffer.from('\x02hi\x05hello\x00') })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(9, 10, Buffer.from('\x02hi\x05hello\x00')))
   enc.buffer.encode(state, null)
-  t.alike(state, { start: 10, end: 10, buffer: Buffer.from('\x02hi\x05hello\x00') })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(10, 10, Buffer.from('\x02hi\x05hello\x00')))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.alike(enc.buffer.decode(state), Buffer.from('hi'))
@@ -176,11 +176,11 @@ tape('raw', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.raw.preencode(state, Buffer.from('hi'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 2, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 2))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.raw.encode(state, Buffer.from('hi'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 2, end: 2, buffer: Buffer.from('hi') })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(2, 2, Buffer.from('hi')))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.alike(enc.raw.decode(state), Buffer.from('hi'))
@@ -191,11 +191,11 @@ tape('uint16array', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.uint16array.preencode(state, new Uint16Array([1, 2, 3]))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 7, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 7))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.uint16array.encode(state, new Uint16Array([1, 2, 3]))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 7, end: 7, buffer: Buffer.from([3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(7, 7, Buffer.from([3, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.alike(enc.uint16array.decode(state), new Uint16Array([1, 2, 3]))
@@ -208,15 +208,15 @@ tape('uint32array', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.uint32array.preencode(state, new Uint32Array([1]))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 5, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 5))
   enc.uint32array.preencode(state, new Uint32Array([42, 43]))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 14, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 14))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.uint32array.encode(state, new Uint32Array([1]))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 5, end: 14, buffer: Buffer.from([1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(5, 14, Buffer.from([1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])))
   enc.uint32array.encode(state, new Uint32Array([42, 43]))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 14, end: 14, buffer: Buffer.from([1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 42, 0, 0, 0, 43, 0, 0, 0]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(14, 14, Buffer.from([1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 42, 0, 0, 0, 43, 0, 0, 0])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.alike(enc.uint32array.decode(state), new Uint32Array([1]))
@@ -230,11 +230,11 @@ tape('int16array', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.int16array.preencode(state, new Int16Array([1, -2, 3]))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 7, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 7))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.int16array.encode(state, new Int16Array([1, -2, 3]))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 7, end: 7, buffer: Buffer.from([3, 1, 0, 0xfe, 0xff, 3, 0]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(7, 7, Buffer.from([3, 1, 0, 0xfe, 0xff, 3, 0])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.alike(enc.int16array.decode(state), new Int16Array([1, -2, 3]))
@@ -247,11 +247,11 @@ tape('int32array', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.int32array.preencode(state, new Int32Array([1, -2, 3]))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 13, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 13))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.int32array.encode(state, new Int32Array([1, -2, 3]))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 13, end: 13, buffer: Buffer.from([3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 3, 0, 0, 0]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(13, 13, Buffer.from([3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 3, 0, 0, 0])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.alike(enc.int32array.decode(state), new Int32Array([1, -2, 3]))
@@ -264,11 +264,11 @@ tape('float32array', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.float32array.preencode(state, new Float32Array([1.1, -2.2, 3.3]))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 13, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 13))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.float32array.encode(state, new Float32Array([1.1, -2.2, 3.3]))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 13, end: 13, buffer: Buffer.from([3, 0xcd, 0xcc, 0x8c, 0x3f, 0xcd, 0xcc, 0x0c, 0xc0, 0x33, 0x33, 0x53, 0x40]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(13, 13, Buffer.from([3, 0xcd, 0xcc, 0x8c, 0x3f, 0xcd, 0xcc, 0x0c, 0xc0, 0x33, 0x33, 0x53, 0x40])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.alike(enc.float32array.decode(state), new Float32Array([1.1, -2.2, 3.3]))
@@ -281,11 +281,11 @@ tape('float64array', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.float64array.preencode(state, new Float64Array([1.1, -2.2, 3.3]))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 25, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 25))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.float64array.encode(state, new Float64Array([1.1, -2.2, 3.3]))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 25, end: 25, buffer: Buffer.from([3, 0x9a, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0xf1, 0x3f, 0x9a, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x01, 0xc0, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x0a, 0x40]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(25, 25, Buffer.from([3, 0x9a, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0xf1, 0x3f, 0x9a, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99, 0x01, 0xc0, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x0a, 0x40])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.alike(enc.float64array.decode(state), new Float64Array([1.1, -2.2, 3.3]))
@@ -298,15 +298,15 @@ tape('string', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.string.preencode(state, '🌾')
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 5, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 5))
   enc.string.preencode(state, 'høsten er fin')
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 20, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 20))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.string.encode(state, '🌾')
-  t.alike(state, { start: 5, end: 20, buffer: Buffer.from('\x04🌾\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00') })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(5, 20, Buffer.from('\x04🌾\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')))
   enc.string.encode(state, 'høsten er fin')
-  t.alike(state, { start: 20, end: 20, buffer: Buffer.from('\x04🌾\x0ehøsten er fin') })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(20, 20, Buffer.from('\x04🌾\x0ehøsten er fin')))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.is(enc.string.decode(state), '🌾')
@@ -320,15 +320,15 @@ tape('fixed32', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.fixed32.preencode(state, Buffer.alloc(32).fill('a'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 32, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 32))
   enc.fixed32.preencode(state, Buffer.alloc(32).fill('b'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 64, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 64))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.fixed32.encode(state, Buffer.alloc(32).fill('a'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 32, end: 64, buffer: Buffer.alloc(64).fill('a', 0, 32) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(32, 64, Buffer.alloc(64).fill('a', 0, 32)))
   enc.fixed32.encode(state, Buffer.alloc(32).fill('b'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 64, end: 64, buffer: Buffer.alloc(64).fill('a', 0, 32).fill('b', 32, 64) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(64, 64, Buffer.alloc(64).fill('a', 0, 32).fill('b', 32, 64)))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.alike(enc.fixed32.decode(state), Buffer.alloc(32).fill('a'))
@@ -342,15 +342,15 @@ tape('fixed64', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.fixed64.preencode(state, Buffer.alloc(64).fill('a'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 64, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 64))
   enc.fixed64.preencode(state, Buffer.alloc(64).fill('b'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 128, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 128))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.fixed64.encode(state, Buffer.alloc(64).fill('a'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 64, end: 128, buffer: Buffer.alloc(128).fill('a', 0, 64) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(64, 128, Buffer.alloc(128).fill('a', 0, 64)))
   enc.fixed64.encode(state, Buffer.alloc(64).fill('b'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 128, end: 128, buffer: Buffer.alloc(128).fill('a', 0, 64).fill('b', 64, 128) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(128, 128, Buffer.alloc(128).fill('a', 0, 64).fill('b', 64, 128)))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.alike(enc.fixed64.decode(state), Buffer.alloc(64).fill('a'))
@@ -365,15 +365,15 @@ tape('fixed n', function (t) {
   const fixed = enc.fixed(3)
 
   fixed.preencode(state, Buffer.alloc(3).fill('a'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 3, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 3))
   fixed.preencode(state, Buffer.alloc(3).fill('b'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 6, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 6))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   fixed.encode(state, Buffer.alloc(3).fill('a'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 3, end: 6, buffer: Buffer.alloc(6).fill('a', 0, 3) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(3, 6, Buffer.alloc(6).fill('a', 0, 3)))
   fixed.encode(state, Buffer.alloc(3).fill('b'))
-  t.alike(state, { start: 6, end: 6, buffer: Buffer.alloc(6).fill('a', 0, 3).fill('b', 3, 6) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(6, 6, Buffer.alloc(6).fill('a', 0, 3).fill('b', 3, 6)))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.alike(fixed.decode(state), Buffer.alloc(3).fill('a'))
@@ -390,15 +390,15 @@ tape('array', function (t) {
   const arr = enc.array(enc.bool)
 
   arr.preencode(state, [true, false, true])
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 4, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 4))
   arr.preencode(state, [false, false, true, true])
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 9, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 9))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   arr.encode(state, [true, false, true])
-  t.alike(state, { start: 4, end: 9, buffer: Buffer.from([3, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(4, 9, Buffer.from([3, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])))
   arr.encode(state, [false, false, true, true])
-  t.alike(state, { start: 9, end: 9, buffer: Buffer.from([3, 1, 0, 1, 4, 0, 0, 1, 1]) })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(9, 9, Buffer.from([3, 1, 0, 1, 4, 0, 0, 1, 1])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.alike(arr.decode(state), [true, false, true])
@@ -412,18 +412,14 @@ tape('json', function (t) {
   const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.json.preencode(state, { a: 1, b: 2 })
-  t.alike(state, { start: 0, end: 14, buffer: null })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(0, 14))
 
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end)
   enc.json.encode(state, { a: 1, b: 2 })
-  t.alike(state, {
-    start: 14,
-    end: 14,
-    buffer: Buffer.concat([
-      Buffer.from([13]),
-      Buffer.from('{"a":1,"b":2}')
-    ])
-  })
+  t.alike(state, enc.state(14, 14, Buffer.concat([
+    Buffer.from([13]),
+    Buffer.from('{"a":1,"b":2}')
+  ])))
 
   state.start = 0
   t.alike(enc.json.decode(state), { a: 1, b: 2 })
@@ -488,11 +484,7 @@ tape('lexint: throws', function (t) {
 
   let num = 252
 
-  const state = {
-    start: 0,
-    end: 0,
-    buffer: null
-  }
+  const state = enc.state()
 
   enc.lexint.preencode(state, num)
   state.buffer = Buffer.alloc(state.end - state.start)