codebee 0.1.10 → 0.1.11

package/app/core/publish/browser.py

@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""CDP 浏览器驱动：定位浏览器 → 带 profile 启动 → WebSocket 控制页面。
+
+设计取向：
+- 「操作」全部走 Runtime.evaluate 注入 JS（querySelector 匹配交给浏览器自己），
+  Python 侧不解析 DOM——平台改版时只需改流程选择器表，驱动层不动；
+- 每平台一个持久化 user-data-dir（profile）：登录态落在 profile 里，
+  服务重启后重新 launch 即恢复，代码不经手 cookie；
+- 浏览器窗口对用户可见（扫码登录、人工确认提交都靠它），不默认 headless；
+- CDP 调试端口只绑 127.0.0.1，HTTP 探测禁用系统代理（用户挂代理时不误伤）。
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import shutil
+import signal
+import socket
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+import urllib.request
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from .ws import MiniWS, WebSocketError
+
+# 本机回环的 CDP HTTP 端点绝不能走系统代理（代理环境下 urlopen 会黑洞）
+_OPENER = urllib.request.build_opener(urllib.request.ProxyHandler({}))
+
+_CANDS = {
+    "win32": [r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe",
+              r"C:\Program Files\Microsoft\Edge\Application\msedge.exe",
+              r"C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe",
+              r"C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"],
+    "darwin": ["/Applications/Microsoft Edge.app/Contents/MacOS/Microsoft Edge",
+               "/Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome"],
+    "linux": [],
+}
+_WHICH = ("msedge", "microsoft-edge", "google-chrome", "chromium", "chrome")
+
+
+class BrowserError(Exception):
+    """驱动层失败（找不到浏览器/起不来/JS 执行异常），message 面向用户。"""
+
+
+def find_browser():
+    """按 Edge → Chrome 顺序找本机浏览器可执行文件；找不到返回 None。"""
+    for p in _CANDS.get(sys.platform, []):
+        if Path(p).exists():
+            return p
+    for name in _WHICH:
+        w = shutil.which(name)
+        if w:
+            return w
+    return None
+
+
+def _http_json(url, timeout=5.0, method="GET"):
+    req = urllib.request.Request(url, method=method)
+    with _OPENER.open(req, timeout=timeout) as r:
+        return json.loads(r.read().decode("utf-8", "replace"))
+
+
+def port_alive(port, timeout=2.0):
+    """探测 127.0.0.1:<port> 上有没有活的 CDP 服务（重启后重连用）。"""
+    try:
+        return bool(_http_json("http://127.0.0.1:%d/json/version" % port, timeout=timeout))
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+def _free_port():
+    s = socket.socket()
+    s.bind(("127.0.0.1", 0))
+    port = s.getsockname()[1]
+    s.close()
+    return port
+
+
+class Browser:
+    """一个浏览器子进程（一个 profile 一个实例）+ 它的调试端口。"""
+
+    def __init__(self, user_data_dir, headless=False, exe=None, extra_args=None):
+        self.exe = exe or find_browser()
+        if not self.exe:
+            raise BrowserError("没找到 Edge/Chrome 浏览器，请先安装 Microsoft Edge")
+        self.user_data_dir = str(Path(user_data_dir))
+        self.port = _free_port()
+        args = [self.exe,
+                "--remote-debugging-port=%d" % self.port,
+                "--user-data-dir=%s" % self.user_data_dir,
+                "--no-first-run", "--no-default-browser-check",
+                "--hide-crash-restore-bubble"]   # 崩溃恢复气泡压掉即够；
+                                                 # --restore-last-session 是无值开关，
+                                                 # 带 =false 反而激活会话恢复，勿加
+        if extra_args:
+            args += list(extra_args)
+        if headless:
+            args.append("--headless=new")
+        try:
+            self.proc = subprocess.Popen(
+                args, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+                start_new_session=(os.name != "nt"))  # POSIX 独立进程组供 killpg
+                                                      # 杀树（runner 同款）；Windows 忽略
+        except OSError as e:
+            raise BrowserError("浏览器启动失败：%s" % e)
+        if not self._wait_ready(15.0):
+            raise BrowserError("浏览器调试端口 15 秒内没就绪（可能被安全软件拦截）")
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ 生命周期
+    def _wait_ready(self, timeout):
+        deadline = time.time() + timeout
+        while time.time() < deadline:
+            if self.proc.poll() is not None:
+                return False            # 二开 profile 时新进程会把参数转交老实例后退出
+            if port_alive(self.port, timeout=1.0):
+                return True
+            time.sleep(0.4)
+        return False
+
+    def alive(self):
+        return port_alive(self.port, timeout=1.5)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """杀掉浏览器进程树。登录态在 profile 里，杀掉不丢。"""
+        pid = getattr(self, "proc", None) and self.proc.pid
+        try:
+            if sys.platform == "win32" and pid:
+                subprocess.call(["taskkill", "/F", "/T", "/PID", str(pid)],
+                                stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
+            elif pid:
+                # spawn 时 start_new_session，pgid==pid，连渲染进程带杀（runner 同款）；
+                # SIGTERM 单杀主进程在浏览器挂死时留残余子进程锁 profile
+                os.killpg(pid, signal.SIGKILL)
+            elif self.proc:
+                self.proc.terminate()
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ 页面
+    def pages(self):
+        return [t for t in _http_json("http://127.0.0.1:%d/json/list" % self.port)
+                if t.get("type") == "page"]
+
+    def new_page(self, url="about:blank"):
+        t = _http_json("http://127.0.0.1:%d/json/new?%s" % (self.port, url),
+                       method="PUT")    # Chromium 111+ 要求 PUT
+        return Page(t["webSocketDebuggerUrl"])
+
+    def first_page(self, create=True):
+        ps = self.pages()
+        if ps:
+            return Page(ps[0]["webSocketDebuggerUrl"])
+        return self.new_page() if create else None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def attach(port):
+        """不启动进程、直接接管已存活浏览器（服务重启后重连同 profile 的实例）。"""
+        if not port_alive(port):
+            raise BrowserError("端口 %s 上没有活着的浏览器" % port)
+        b = Browser.__new__(Browser)
+        b.port = int(port)
+        b.proc = None
+        b.user_data_dir = ""
+        b.exe = find_browser()
+        return b
+
+
+class Page:
+    """一个标签页的 CDP 会话：命令收发 + 注入式高层操作。"""
+
+    def __init__(self, ws_url, connect_timeout=15.0):
+        m = re.match(r"ws://([^/:]+):(\d+)(/.+)", ws_url)
+        if not m:
+            raise BrowserError("无法解析调试地址：%s" % ws_url[:80])
+        try:
+            self.ws = MiniWS(m.group(1), int(m.group(2)), m.group(3),
+                             timeout=connect_timeout)
+        except (WebSocketError, OSError) as e:
+            raise BrowserError("连接页面失败：%s" % e)
+        self._id = 0
+        self._events = []
+        try:
+            self.send("Runtime.enable")
+            self.send("Page.enable")
+            self._ua_override()
+        except BrowserError:
+            self.ws.close()
+            raise
+
+    def _ua_override(self):
+        """UA 伪装成标准 Chrome：Edge 尾巴（Edg/x.y）会被部分站点（如七猫
+        建书页）的浏览器检测判「版本过低」整页替换。用 CDP Browser.getVersion
+        的真实内核版本拼标准 Chrome UA，各站点兼容性等同 Chrome。失败不拦
+        （个别上下文可能禁用该域）。"""
+        try:
+            r = self.send("Browser.getVersion", timeout=5.0)
+            ver = str((r.get("product") or "")).split("/")[-1] or "130.0.0.0"
+            ua = ("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 "
+                  "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/%s Safari/537.36" % ver)
+            self.send("Network.setUserAgentOverride",
+                      {"userAgent": ua}, timeout=5.0)
+        except BrowserError:
+            pass
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ CDP 协议
+    def send(self, method, params=None, timeout=30.0):
+        """发一条命令并等它的响应；期间到达的事件进缓存（wait_event 消费）。"""
+        self._id += 1
+        mid = self._id
+        self.ws.send_text(json.dumps({"id": mid, "method": method,
+                                      "params": params or {}}))
+        deadline = time.time() + timeout
+        while True:
+            remain = deadline - time.time()
+            if remain <= 0:
+                raise BrowserError("命令 %s 等响应超时（%.0fs）" % (method, timeout))
+            try:
+                msg = json.loads(self.ws.recv_message(timeout=remain))
+            except socket.timeout:
+                continue                        # 到点抛 BrowserError（上面的分支）
+            except (WebSocketError, OSError) as e:
+                raise BrowserError("连接断开：%s" % e)
+            if msg.get("id") == mid:
+                if "error" in msg:
+                    raise BrowserError("CDP 拒绝 %s：%s" %
+                                       (method, str(msg["error"].get("message"))[:160]))
+                return msg.get("result") or {}
+            if "id" not in msg:
+                self._events.append(msg)
+
+    def wait_event(self, method, timeout=30.0, drain=True):
+        """等一个指定事件（如 Page.loadEventFired）；drain 时清空旧事件。"""
+        if drain:
+            self._events = [e for e in self._events if e.get("method") != method]
+        deadline = time.time() + timeout
+        while time.time() < deadline:
+            for i, e in enumerate(self._events):
+                if e.get("method") == method:
+                    del self._events[i]
+                    return e.get("params") or {}
+            try:
+                msg = json.loads(self.ws.recv_message(
+                    timeout=max(0.2, deadline - time.time())))
+            except socket.timeout:
+                continue
+            except (WebSocketError, OSError) as e:
+                raise BrowserError("连接断开：%s" % e)
+            if "id" not in msg:
+                self._events.append(msg)
+        raise BrowserError("等事件 %s 超时（%.0fs）" % (method, timeout))
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ 求值
+    def evaluate(self, expr, await_promise=False, timeout=60.0):
+        """求值 JS 表达式返回其值；JS 抛错时带出人话信息。"""
+        r = self.send("Runtime.evaluate", {
+            "expression": expr, "awaitPromise": await_promise,
+            "returnByValue": True, "userGesture": True,
+        }, timeout=timeout)
+        det = r.get("exceptionDetails")
+        if det:
+            raise BrowserError("JS 异常：%s" % json.dumps(det, ensure_ascii=False)[:220])
+        res = r.get("result") or {}      # send 已剥掉外层 {id,result} 的 result
+        if res.get("subtype") == "error":
+            raise BrowserError("JS 抛错：%s" % str(res.get("description"))[:200])
+        return res.get("value")
+
+    def call(self, fn, *args, **kw):
+        """注入一个 JS 函数并调用：call('(sel,t)=>{...}', sel, text)。"""
+        payload = ", ".join(json.dumps(a, ensure_ascii=False) for a in args)
+        return self.evaluate("(%s)(%s)" % (fn, payload), **kw)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ 高层操作
+    def url(self):
+        return self.evaluate("location.href")
+
+    def navigate(self, url, timeout=30.0):
+        """导航并等文档就绪。SPA 路由可能不触发完整 load，readyState 轮询兜底。"""
+        try:
+            self.send("Page.navigate", {"url": url}, timeout=timeout)
+        except BrowserError:
+            pass                             # 老页面销毁时连接报错属正常，轮询兜底
+        deadline = time.time() + timeout
+        while time.time() < deadline:
+            try:
+                if self.evaluate("document.readyState", timeout=3.0) == "complete":
+                    return
+            except BrowserError:
+                pass                         # 导航间隙 evaluate 会短暂失败
+            time.sleep(0.3)
+        raise BrowserError("页面 %.0f 秒未完成加载：%s" % (timeout, url))
+
+    def exists(self, sel, timeout=1.0):
+        return bool(self.call("(s)=>!!document.querySelector(s)", sel, timeout=timeout))
+
+    def wait_for(self, sel, timeout=15.0):
+        deadline = time.time() + timeout
+        while time.time() < deadline:
+            if self.exists(sel, timeout=1.0):
+                return
+            time.sleep(0.4)
+        raise BrowserError("等待元素超时（%.0fs）：%s" % (timeout, sel))
+
+    def value(self, sel):
+        return self.call("(s)=>{const e=document.querySelector(s);"
+                         "return e?(e.value!==undefined?e.value:e.textContent):null}", sel)
+
+    def fill(self, sel, text):
+        """填输入框/文本域/富文本。
+
+        React/Vue 受控组件直接赋 value 不触发框架状态，必须走原型链 native
+        setter 再补 input/change 事件；网文编辑器正文多为 contenteditable，
+        走 execCommand('insertText') 以触发其内部输入管道（先清空再插入）。"""
+        r = self.call(
+            "(s,t)=>{const el=document.querySelector(s);if(!el)"
+            "return{ok:false,err:'找不到输入框 '+s};"
+            "el.scrollIntoView({block:'center'});el.focus();"
+            "if(el.isContentEditable){"
+            "const r=document.createRange();r.selectNodeContents(el);"
+            "const g=getSelection();g.removeAllRanges();g.addRange(r);"
+            "document.execCommand('insertText',false,t);"
+            "return{ok:el.textContent.length>=Math.min(t.length,10)};}"
+            "const proto=el.tagName==='TEXTAREA'?HTMLTextAreaElement.prototype"
+            ":HTMLInputElement.prototype;"
+            "const d=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(proto,'value');"
+            "(d&&d.set?d.set:function(v){el.value=v}).call(el,t);"
+            "el.dispatchEvent(new Event('input',{bubbles:true}));"
+            "el.dispatchEvent(new Event('change',{bubbles:true}));"
+            "return{ok:true};}", sel, str(text))
+        if not (r or {}).get("ok"):
+            raise BrowserError("填入失败：%s" % ((r or {}).get("err") or "目标不是可输入元素"))
+        return True
+
+    def click(self, sel):
+        r = self.call(
+            "(s)=>{const el=document.querySelector(s);if(!el)"
+            "return{ok:false,err:'找不到 '+s};"
+            "if(el.disabled)return{ok:false,err:'按钮处于禁用态（表单可能有未通过校验的字段）'};"
+            "el.scrollIntoView({block:'center'});el.click();return{ok:true};}", sel)
+        if not (r or {}).get("ok"):
+            raise BrowserError("点击失败：%s" % ((r or {}).get("err") or sel))
+        return True
+
+    def real_click_text(self, text, scope="", contains=True, exact_fallback=True):
+        """按文本真实点击：JS 定位元素中心坐标 → CDP Input 派发鼠标事件序列。
+
+        qm-btn 一类自定义按钮只认真实事件序列（mousedown/mouseup/focus），
+        el.click() 对它们无效——建书「确认创建」/发章「立即发布」都栽在这。
+        返回 {ok, tag?, via}；找不到元素返回 {ok: False, err}。"""
+        r = self.call(
+            "(t,scope,c)=>{"
+            "const els=[...document.querySelectorAll(scope||'button,a,[role=button],span,li,[class*=btn]')];"
+            "let cands=els.filter(e=>{const x=(e.innerText||'').trim();"
+            "return x&&(c?x.includes(t):x===t);});"
+            "if(!cands.length&&c){cands=els.filter(e=>(e.innerText||'').trim()===t);}"
+            "if(!cands.length)return{ok:false,err:'nf'};"
+            "cands.sort((a,b)=>((a.innerText||'').trim().length)-((b.innerText||'').trim().length));"
+            "const el=cands[0];el.scrollIntoView({block:'center'});"
+            "const rc=el.getBoundingClientRect();"
+            "return{ok:true,x:Math.round(rc.x+rc.width/2),y:Math.round(rc.y+rc.height/2),"
+            "tag:el.tagName,cls:(el.className||'').toString().slice(0,30)};}",
+            str(text), scope or "", bool(contains))
+        if not (r or {}).get("ok"):
+            return {"ok": False, "err": "页面上找不到文本为「%s」的可点元素" % text}
+        x, y = r["x"], r["y"]
+        self.send("Input.dispatchMouseEvent",
+                  {"type": "mousePressed", "x": x, "y": y,
+                   "button": "left", "clickCount": 1}, timeout=8.0)
+        self.send("Input.dispatchMouseEvent",
+                  {"type": "mouseReleased", "x": x, "y": y,
+                   "button": "left", "clickCount": 1}, timeout=8.0)
+        return {"ok": True, "tag": r.get("tag"), "via": "input"}
+
+    def screenshot(self, fp):
+        """整页截图存证：发布每步之后落一张，出错可回看卡在哪一步。"""
+        r = self.send("Page.captureScreenshot", {"format": "png", "fromSurface": True})
+        import base64
+        fp = Path(fp)
+        fp.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        fp.write_bytes(base64.b64decode(r.get("data") or ""))
+        return str(fp)
+
+    def close(self):
+        try:
+            self.send("Page.close", timeout=3.0)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        self.ws.close()
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------ 表单探测
+    def probe(self):
+        """dump 页面上可交互元素的概要——校准流程选择器表的辅助工具。
+
+        返回 [{tag, type, sel, text, value, placeholder}]，sel 是尽量稳定的
+        定位串（id/#id 优先，退而求其次 name/placeholder/文本/序号）。"""
+        return self.call(
+            "()=>{const out=[];"
+            "document.querySelectorAll('input,textarea,button,select,[contenteditable=true]').forEach(el=>{"
+            "let s='';"
+            "if(el.id)s='#'+el.id;"
+            "else if(el.name)s=el.tagName.toLowerCase()+'[name=\"'+el.name+'\"]';"
+            "else if(el.placeholder)s=el.tagName.toLowerCase()+'[placeholder=\"'+el.placeholder.slice(0,20)+'\"]';"
+            "else{const t=(el.innerText||el.value||'').trim().slice(0,12);"
+            "s=t?el.tagName.toLowerCase()+':contains('+t+')':el.tagName.toLowerCase();}"
+            "out.push({tag:el.tagName.toLowerCase(),type:el.type||'',sel:s,"
+            "text:(el.innerText||'').trim().slice(0,16),"
+            "value:(el.value||el.textContent||'').trim().slice(0,24),"
+            "placeholder:(el.placeholder||'').slice(0,20)});});"
+            "return out.slice(0,80);}", timeout=15.0) or []

package/app/core/publish/fanqie.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""番茄作家后台的发布流程定义（默认表：选择器为合理推测，待实测校准）。
+
+校准方式（不改代码）：把真实步骤写进 data/publish/flows-fanqie.json：
+  {"create_book": [ {"do":"navigate","url":"..."}, {"do":"fill","sel":"...","key":"title"} ... ],
+   "upload_chapter": [ ... ]}
+存在即整体覆盖本文件的 FLOWS；用「探测表单」按钮（probe 流程）dump 出
+页面真实元素清单后照着写即可。每次失败的截图也会指出卡在哪一步。
+
+URL 依据：tools/fanqie_bookmeta.json 的 source 记录了 2026-09-17 实抓
+fanqienovel.com/main/writer/create 建书弹层；入口走作家后台首页点
+「创建作品」，不硬编码深链（深链随改版漂移，入口按钮最稳）。
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+CONFIG = {
+    "id": "fanqie",
+    "label": "番茄",
+    "home": "https://fanqienovel.com/main/writer/",   # 实测 writer. 子域不存在(DNS 000)；快照实抓为主站路径
+    # 导航后 URL 含任一标记 → 未登录（跳到了登录/通行证页）
+    "login_url_marks": ["login", "passport", "sso", "account/signin"],
+}
+
+# 建书：入口 → 弹层/页面 → 文本字段直填；分类/签约模式/标签走文本点击。
+# 文本输入类的选择器优先用 placeholder 模糊匹配（改版后 id/class 易变，
+# 「书名」「简介」这类 placeholder 语料最稳定）。
+CREATE_BOOK = [
+    {"do": "navigate", "url": "{home}"},
+    {"do": "url_any", "any": ["fanqienovel.com"]},
+    {"do": "click_text", "text": "创建作品", "contains": True, "scope": "button,a,[role=button],span"},
+    {"do": "probe", "note": "建书表单"},
+    {"do": "wait", "sel": "input[placeholder*='书名'],input[placeholder*='作品名'],input[maxlength]", "timeout": 10},
+    {"do": "fill", "sel": "input[placeholder*='书名'],input[placeholder*='作品名']", "key": "title"},
+    {"do": "fill", "sel": "textarea[placeholder*='简介'],textarea", "key": "summary"},
+    {"do": "fill", "sel": "input[placeholder*='主角']", "key": "protagonist"},
+    {"do": "click_text", "text": "{signing_mode}", "contains": False,
+     "scope": "[class*=mode] label,label,span,div"},
+    {"do": "click_text", "text": "{category}", "contains": False,
+     "scope": "[class*=categor] li,span,div"},
+    {"do": "shot", "name": "create-book-filled"},
+    {"do": "submit", "sel": "button[class*=submit],button[class*=primary]"},
+]
+
+# 发章：后台首页 → 按书名点进作品 → 新建章节 → 填标题与正文。
+# book_name 由 manager 从作品登记（books.json）带入 values，click_text 复用。
+UPLOAD_CHAPTER = [
+    {"do": "navigate", "url": "{home}"},
+    {"do": "url_any", "any": ["fanqienovel.com"]},
+    {"do": "click_text", "text": "{book_name}", "contains": True,
+     "scope": "a,span,div[class*=title],div[class*=book]"},
+    {"do": "click_text", "text": "新建章节", "contains": True, "scope": "button,a,[role=button],span"},
+    {"do": "probe", "note": "章节编辑器"},
+    {"do": "fill", "sel": "input[placeholder*='章节'],input[placeholder*='标题']", "key": "chapter_title"},
+    {"do": "wait", "sel": "[contenteditable=true],textarea[class*=content],div[class*=editor]", "timeout": 10},
+    {"do": "fill", "sel": "[contenteditable=true],textarea[class*=content]", "key": "chapter_body"},
+    {"do": "shot", "name": "chapter-filled"},
+    {"do": "submit", "sel": "button[class*=publish],button[class*=submit]"},
+]
+
+# 登录态探测：打开后台首页，URL 被踢到登录页 → 未登录
+CHECK_LOGIN = [
+    {"do": "navigate", "url": "{home}"},
+    {"do": "url_any", "any": ["fanqienovel.com"]},
+]
+
+# 表单探测（校准辅助）：开建书入口后 dump 全部可交互元素
+PROBE_FORM = [
+    {"do": "navigate", "url": "{home}"},
+    {"do": "url_any", "any": ["fanqienovel.com"]},
+    {"do": "click_text", "text": "创建作品", "contains": True, "scope": "button,a,[role=button],span"},
+    {"do": "probe", "note": "建书表单"},
+]
+
+FLOWS = {"create_book": CREATE_BOOK, "upload_chapter": UPLOAD_CHAPTER,
+         "check_login": CHECK_LOGIN, "probe_form": PROBE_FORM}
+
+
+def values_create_book(meta):
+    """bookmeta 字段 → 建书表单值。标签/分类逐项点击由流程按 values.tags 展开
+    （manager 组装时把 tags 列表拍平成 click_text 步骤追加）。"""
+    return {
+        "title": (meta.get("book_name") or "").strip(),
+        "summary": (meta.get("summary") or "").strip(),
+        "protagonist": (meta.get("protagonist_1") or "").strip(),
+        "signing_mode": (meta.get("signing_mode") or "连载模式").strip(),
+        "category": (meta.get("category") or "").strip(),
+    }
+
+
+def tag_groups(meta):
+    """标签字段名 → 值列表（manager 用来生成逐个 click_text 步骤）。"""
+    out = []
+    for key in ("tags_theme", "tags_role", "tags_plot",
+                "content_plot", "content_emotion", "content_character", "content_world"):
+        v = meta.get(key)
+        if isinstance(v, list) and v:
+            out.append((key, [str(x) for x in v]))
+    return out