claude-flow-novice 2.0.0 → 2.0.1

package/docs/training/faq.md

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+# Blocking Coordination FAQ
+
+**Version:** 1.0
+**Last Updated:** 2025-10-10
+**Questions:** 30
+
+---
+
+## General Questions
+
+### Q1: When should I use blocking coordination?
+
+**Answer:** Use blocking coordination when you need to synchronize distributed agents waiting for critical events. Specifically:
+
+**Use Cases:**
+- **CFN Loop 2 (Consensus Validation):** Product Owner waits for ALL validator responses before calculating consensus
+- **CFN Loop 4 (GOAP Decisions):** Product Owner waits for validation results before executing PROCEED/DEFER/ESCALATE decision
+- **Multi-Agent Workflows:** Any scenario where work cannot proceed until a signal is received
+
+**Don't Use For:**
+- Independent parallel tasks (no synchronization needed)
+- Simple request-response (use direct HTTP/gRPC instead)
+- Fire-and-forget operations (use message queue instead)
+
+**Example (When to Use):**
+```typescript
+// ✅ GOOD: Wait for all validators before deciding
+const consensus = await productOwner.blockUntilAllValidatorsRespond();
+if (consensus >= 0.90) {
+  await productOwner.proceedToNextPhase();
+}
+
+// ❌ BAD: Don't use for independent tasks
+await coordinator.blockUntilSignal();  // Unnecessary blocking
+await doIndependentWork();
+```
+
+---
+
+### Q2: How do I choose timeout duration?
+
+**Answer:** Use the **2× expected task duration** rule:
+
+**Formula:**
+```
+Timeout = 2 × P95(task_duration)
+```
+
+**By Environment:**
+- **Development:** 5-10 minutes (fast feedback)
+- **Staging:** 15-20 minutes (realistic load)
+- **Production:** 30-60 minutes (accommodate peak load)
+
+**Dynamic Calculation:**
+```typescript
+async function calculateTimeout(taskType: string): Promise<number> {
+  const p95 = await metrics.getHistogramQuantile(
+    'blocking_coordination_duration_seconds',
+    0.95,
+    { task_type: taskType }
+  );
+
+  // 2× P95, minimum 5min, maximum 60min
+  return Math.min(
+    Math.max(p95 * 2 * 1000, 5 * 60 * 1000),
+    60 * 60 * 1000
+  );
+}
+```
+
+**Example:**
+- P95 = 3 minutes → Timeout = 6 minutes
+- P95 = 15 minutes → Timeout = 30 minutes
+- P95 = 45 minutes → Timeout = 60 minutes (capped)
+
+---
+
+### Q3: What happens if a coordinator dies?
+
+**Answer:** The dead coordinator detection system handles failures automatically:
+
+**Detection Flow:**
+1. **Heartbeat stops** (coordinator crashes)
+2. **Heartbeat TTL expires** (90 seconds)
+3. **Timeout handler detects** stale heartbeat (>120s old)
+4. **3 warnings issued** over 5 minutes
+5. **Escalation triggered** after 3rd warning
+6. **Work transferred** to new coordinator
+7. **Old state cleaned up** (signals, ACKs, warnings)
+
+**Timeline:**
+```
+00:00 - Coordinator dies
+00:90 - Heartbeat key expires in Redis
+02:00 - Timeout handler detects stale heartbeat (warning 1)
+03:00 - Warning 2
+04:00 - Warning 3
+04:01 - Escalation: spawn replacement coordinator
+04:05 - Work transferred to new coordinator
+04:06 - Old coordinator state cleaned up
+```
+
+**No Data Loss:**
+- Incomplete work stored in Redis with TTL
+- Replacement coordinator picks up work
+- Idempotent operations prevent duplication
+
+---
+
+### Q4: How do I troubleshoot signal delivery failures?
+
+**Answer:** Follow this diagnostic checklist:
+
+**Step 1: Verify Signal Exists**
+```bash
+redis-cli GET "blocking:signal:<receiver-id>"
+# If null → signal never sent
+```
+
+**Step 2: Check HMAC Secret**
+```bash
+# Verify secret matches on both sender and receiver
+echo $BLOCKING_COORDINATION_SECRET | md5sum
+```
+
+**Step 3: Inspect Signature**
+```bash
+# Get signal from Redis
+SIGNAL=$(redis-cli GET "blocking:signal:<receiver-id>")
+
+# Extract signature
+SIGNATURE=$(echo "$SIGNAL" | jq -r '.signature')
+
+# Manually calculate expected signature
+PAYLOAD="sender:receiver:type:timestamp"
+EXPECTED=$(echo -n "$PAYLOAD" | openssl dgst -sha256 -hmac "$SECRET" -hex | awk '{print $2}')
+
+# Compare
+echo "Received: $SIGNATURE"
+echo "Expected: $EXPECTED"
+```
+
+**Step 4: Review Logs**
+```bash
+# Check for verification errors
+grep "signature" /var/log/cfn-loop/coordinator-*.log
+
+# Common errors:
+# - "Invalid signal signature" → HMAC secret mismatch
+# - "Signal timestamp too old" → Clock skew
+# - "Unknown signal type" → Protocol version mismatch
+```
+
+**Step 5: Check Retry Logs**
+```bash
+# Look for retry attempts
+grep "retry" /var/log/cfn-loop/coordinator-*.log
+
+# If 3 retries failed → escalate to timeout handler
+```
+
+**Quick Fix:**
+```bash
+# Resend signal with correct signature
+node scripts/resend-signal.js --sender=A --receiver=B --type=wake
+```
+
+---
+
+### Q5: What's the difference between heartbeat TTL and dead coordinator threshold?
+
+**Answer:** They serve different purposes in failure detection:
+
+**Heartbeat TTL (90 seconds):**
+- **Purpose:** How long Redis keeps the heartbeat key
+- **Mechanism:** Redis automatically deletes key after 90s
+- **Rationale:** 18× heartbeat interval (5s) for tolerance
+
+**Dead Coordinator Threshold (120 seconds):**
+- **Purpose:** When we consider coordinator dead (not just slow)
+- **Mechanism:** Timeout handler checks heartbeat age
+- **Rationale:** 2× TTL to prevent false positives
+
+**Relationship:**
+```
+Heartbeat sent every 5s
+         ↓
+Heartbeat expires after 90s (TTL)
+         ↓
+Heartbeat considered stale after 120s (threshold)
+         ↓
+Escalation after 3 warnings
+```
+
+**Why Threshold > TTL?**
+- Redis slowdowns can delay heartbeat updates
+- Network jitter can cause temporary staleness
+- 2× TTL reduces false positive rate from ~10% to <1%
+
+**Example Timeline:**
+```
+00:00 - Last heartbeat sent (timestamp: 1633024800000)
+01:30 - Heartbeat expires (TTL reached)
+02:00 - Threshold reached (120s old)
+02:00 - Warning 1 issued
+02:30 - Heartbeat still missing
+03:00 - Warning 2 issued
+04:00 - Warning 3 issued
+04:01 - Escalation: coordinator marked dead
+```
+
+---
+
+## Implementation Questions
+
+### Q6: How do I rotate HMAC secrets?
+
+**Answer:** Use a **dual-secret zero-downtime rotation** strategy:
+
+**Phase 1: Add New Secret (No Downtime)**
+```bash
+# Generate new secret
+NEW_SECRET=$(openssl rand -hex 32)
+
+# Add to Vault alongside old
+vault kv patch secret/cfn-loop/blocking-coordination \
+  secret_new="$NEW_SECRET"
+
+# Update coordinators to accept both
+export BLOCKING_COORDINATION_SECRET="old-secret"
+export BLOCKING_COORDINATION_SECRET_NEW="$NEW_SECRET"
+
+# Reload coordinators (no restart)
+systemctl reload coordinator@*
+```
+
+**Phase 2: Update Verification Logic**
+```typescript
+private verifySignalSignature(signal: Signal): boolean {
+  // Try new secret first
+  if (process.env.BLOCKING_COORDINATION_SECRET_NEW) {
+    const validWithNew = this.verifyWithSecret(
+      signal,
+      process.env.BLOCKING_COORDINATION_SECRET_NEW
+    );
+    if (validWithNew) return true;
+  }
+
+  // Fall back to old secret
+  return this.verifyWithSecret(
+    signal,
+    process.env.BLOCKING_COORDINATION_SECRET!
+  );
+}
+```
+
+**Phase 3: Wait for Signal TTL (24 hours)**
+```bash
+# All signals signed with old secret will expire in 24h
+# Wait to ensure no old signals remain in Redis
+```
+
+**Phase 4: Promote New Secret**
+```bash
+# Remove old secret from Vault
+vault kv patch secret/cfn-loop/blocking-coordination \
+  secret="$NEW_SECRET"
+
+vault kv delete secret/cfn-loop/blocking-coordination/secret_new
+
+# Update environment (restart required)
+export BLOCKING_COORDINATION_SECRET="$NEW_SECRET"
+unset BLOCKING_COORDINATION_SECRET_NEW
+
+systemctl restart coordinator@*
+```
+
+**Rotation Schedule:**
+- **Production:** 90 days
+- **Staging:** 30 days
+- **Development:** No rotation (fixed dev secret)
+
+---
+
+### Q7: Why use Redis SCAN instead of KEYS?
+
+**Answer:** KEYS is **O(N) and blocks Redis**, while SCAN is **cursor-based and non-blocking**.
+
+**KEYS Problems:**
+```bash
+# BAD: Blocks Redis for entire operation
+redis-cli KEYS "blocking:*"
+
+# With 10,000 keys:
+# - Blocks Redis for ~500ms
+# - All other operations wait
+# - Can cause cascading timeouts
+```
+
+**SCAN Solution:**
+```typescript
+// GOOD: Non-blocking, iterative
+async function* scanKeys(pattern: string): AsyncGenerator<string> {
+  let cursor = '0';
+
+  do {
+    const [nextCursor, keys] = await redis.scan(
+      cursor,
+      'MATCH', pattern,
+      'COUNT', 100  // Process 100 keys per iteration
+    );
+
+    for (const key of keys) {
+      yield key;
+    }
+
+    cursor = nextCursor;
+  } while (cursor !== '0');
+}
+
+// Usage:
+for await (const key of scanKeys('blocking:*')) {
+  // Process key without blocking Redis
+}
+```
+
+**Performance Comparison:**
+```
+10,000 keys:
+
+KEYS (blocking):
+- Total time: 500ms
+- Redis blocked: 500ms
+- Memory: All keys loaded at once
+
+SCAN (non-blocking):
+- Total time: 500ms (100 iterations × 5ms)
+- Redis blocked per iteration: 5ms
+- Memory: 100 keys at a time
+```
+
+**SCAN Trade-offs:**
+- ✅ **Pro:** Doesn't block Redis
+- ✅ **Pro:** Memory efficient (batched)
+- ✅ **Pro:** Production safe
+- ❌ **Con:** More complex code
+- ❌ **Con:** May return duplicates (cursor reset)
+- ❌ **Con:** Not guaranteed order
+
+**When to Use Each:**
+- **KEYS:** Development only, <100 keys
+- **SCAN:** Production, any key count
+
+---
+
+### Q8: How do cleanup scripts avoid removing active coordinators?
+
+**Answer:** Cleanup scripts use a **stale threshold >2× dead coordinator threshold** to ensure only truly abandoned coordinators are removed.
+
+**Thresholds:**
+- **Dead coordinator threshold:** 120 seconds (2 minutes)
+- **Stale cleanup threshold:** 600 seconds (10 minutes)
+- **Ratio:** 5× dead threshold
+
+**Logic:**
+```typescript
+const DEAD_THRESHOLD = 120000;  // 120s
+const STALE_THRESHOLD = 600000;  // 600s (10 minutes)
+
+async function cleanupStaleCoordinators() {
+  const now = Date.now();
+
+  for await (const key of scanKeys('blocking:heartbeat:*')) {
+    const data = await redis.get(key);
+    if (!data) continue;  // Key expired, already handled
+
+    const { timestamp } = JSON.parse(data);
+    const age = now - timestamp;
+
+    // Only clean up if >10 minutes old (very stale)
+    if (age > STALE_THRESHOLD) {
+      const coordinatorId = key.replace('blocking:heartbeat:', '');
+      console.log(`Cleaning up stale coordinator: ${coordinatorId} (${age}ms old)`);
+
+      await redis.del(key);
+      await redis.del(`blocking:signal:${coordinatorId}`);
+      await redis.del(`blocking:ack:${coordinatorId}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Why 10 Minutes?**
+1. Dead coordinator detected at 120s
+2. 3 warnings issued over 5 minutes (120s, 180s, 240s)
+3. Escalation at 240s (4 minutes)
+4. Cleanup runs at 600s (10 minutes)
+5. 10min >> 4min ensures coordinator already handled by timeout handler
+
+**Safety Checks:**
+```typescript
+// Additional safety: only clean up if TTL is -2 (expired)
+const ttl = await redis.ttl(key);
+if (ttl > 0) {
+  // Key still valid, skip cleanup
+  continue;
+}
+
+// Only clean up if no recent activity
+const lastActivity = await redis.get(`activity:${coordinatorId}`);
+if (lastActivity && Date.now() - parseInt(lastActivity) < STALE_THRESHOLD) {
+  // Recent activity detected, skip cleanup
+  continue;
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+### Q9: What's the purpose of the circuit breaker?
+
+**Answer:** The circuit breaker **prevents cascading failures** by failing fast when Redis is unavailable, then retrying with exponential backoff.
+
+**Problem Without Circuit Breaker:**
+```
+Redis down
+    ↓
+Coordinator retries infinitely
+    ↓
+Resources exhausted (threads, memory, connections)
+    ↓
+Coordinator crashes
+    ↓
+All coordinators crash (cascading failure)
+```
+
+**Solution With Circuit Breaker:**
+```
+Redis down
+    ↓
+Retry with backoff [1s, 2s, 4s, 8s]
+    ↓
+After 4 attempts (15s), circuit opens
+    ↓
+Coordinator enters degraded mode
+    ↓
+Redis recovers
+    ↓
+Circuit closes automatically
+    ↓
+Normal operation resumes
+```
+
+**Implementation:**
+```typescript
+class CircuitBreaker {
+  private consecutiveFailures = 0;
+  private isOpen = false;
+
+  async execute<T>(operation: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
+    if (this.isOpen) {
+      throw new Error('Circuit breaker open: Redis unavailable');
+    }
+
+    const delays = [1000, 2000, 4000, 8000];
+
+    for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 4; attempt++) {
+      try {
+        const result = await operation();
+        this.consecutiveFailures = 0;  // Reset on success
+        return result;
+      } catch (error) {
+        this.consecutiveFailures++;
+
+        if (attempt === 3) {
+          // Final attempt failed
+          if (this.consecutiveFailures >= 10) {
+            this.isOpen = true;  // Open circuit after 10 consecutive failures
+          }
+          throw error;
+        }
+
+        await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, delays[attempt]));
+      }
+    }
+
+    throw new Error('Unreachable');
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Benefits:**
+- **Fail Fast:** 15s vs. infinite retries
+- **Resource Conservation:** No resource exhaustion
+- **Auto-Recovery:** Circuit closes after Redis recovers
+- **Graceful Degradation:** Coordinator enters safe mode
+
+---
+
+### Q10: How do I tune heartbeat intervals?
+
+**Answer:** Heartbeat interval depends on **coordinator count** and **detection speed requirements**.
+
+**Default Configuration (1-10 Coordinators):**
+```typescript
+const HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL = 5000;  // 5s
+const HEARTBEAT_TTL = 90;         // 90s (18× interval)
+const DEAD_THRESHOLD = 120000;    // 120s (24× interval)
+```
+
+**High Coordinator Count (>100):**
+```typescript
+// Reduce Redis load
+const HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL = 10000;  // 10s
+const HEARTBEAT_TTL = 180;         // 180s (18× interval)
+const DEAD_THRESHOLD = 240000;     // 240s (24× interval)
+```
+
+**Fast Detection Required (<1min):**
+```typescript
+// Faster detection at cost of Redis load
+const HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL = 3000;  // 3s
+const HEARTBEAT_TTL = 60;         // 60s (20× interval)
+const DEAD_THRESHOLD = 90000;     // 90s (30× interval)
+```
+
+**Redis Load Calculation:**
+```
+Heartbeats per day = (86400s / interval) × coordinator_count
+
+Examples:
+- 5s interval, 10 coordinators: 172,800 heartbeats/day
+- 10s interval, 100 coordinators: 864,000 heartbeats/day
+- 3s interval, 10 coordinators: 288,000 heartbeats/day
+```
+
+**Tuning Guidelines:**
+1. **Start with defaults** (5s interval)
+2. **Monitor Redis load** (ops/sec, CPU)
+3. **If Redis >80% CPU**, increase interval to 10s
+4. **If detection >3min**, decrease interval to 3s
+5. **Always maintain:** TTL ≥ 18× interval, threshold ≥ 2× TTL
+
+---
+
+## Operational Questions
+
+### Q11: What Prometheus metrics should I monitor?
+
+**Answer:** Monitor these 4 critical metrics with appropriate thresholds:
+
+**1. Blocking Duration (Histogram)**
+```yaml
+metric: blocking_coordination_duration_seconds
+buckets: [10, 30, 60, 120, 300, 600, 1800]
+
+Alerts:
+- Info: P50 <60s (baseline)
+- Warning: P95 >300s (5 minutes)
+- Critical: P99 >1800s (30 minutes)
+
+PromQL:
+histogram_quantile(0.95, rate(blocking_coordination_duration_seconds_bucket[5m]))
+```
+
+**2. Active Coordinators (Gauge)**
+```yaml
+metric: active_coordinators
+type: gauge
+
+Alerts:
+- Info: <10 coordinators
+- Warning: 10-20 coordinators
+- Critical: >20 coordinators
+
+PromQL:
+active_coordinators
+```
+
+**3. Signal Delivery Latency (Histogram)**
+```yaml
+metric: signal_delivery_latency_seconds
+buckets: [0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10]
+
+Alerts:
+- Target: P95 <5s
+- Warning: P95 >10s
+
+PromQL:
+histogram_quantile(0.95, rate(signal_delivery_latency_seconds_bucket[5m]))
+```
+
+**4. Timeout Events (Counter)**
+```yaml
+metric: timeout_events_total
+type: counter
+
+Alerts:
+- Warning: rate >0.5 events/sec
+- Critical: rate >2 events/sec
+
+PromQL:
+rate(timeout_events_total[5m])
+```
+
+**Grafana Dashboard Panels:**
+1. Blocking Duration (Time series, 3 lines: P50/P95/P99)
+2. Active Coordinators (Stat panel with trend sparkline)
+3. Signal Latency (Heatmap showing distribution)
+4. Timeout Rate (Bar gauge with color thresholds)
+
+---
+
+### Q12: How do I debug stuck coordinators?
+
+**Answer:** Follow this systematic debugging approach:
+
+**Step 1: Identify Stuck Coordinator**
+```bash
+# List all coordinators
+redis-cli KEYS "blocking:heartbeat:*"
+
+# Check each heartbeat age
+for key in $(redis-cli KEYS "blocking:heartbeat:*"); do
+  data=$(redis-cli GET "$key")
+  timestamp=$(echo "$data" | jq -r '.timestamp')
+  age=$(( $(date +%s)000 - timestamp ))
+  echo "$key: ${age}ms old"
+done
+```
+
+**Step 2: Check If Waiting for Signal**
+```bash
+COORDINATOR_ID="coord-123"
+
+# Check if signal exists
+redis-cli GET "blocking:signal:$COORDINATOR_ID"
+
+# If null → signal never sent (sender problem)
+# If present → check signature
+```
+
+**Step 3: Verify Signal Signature**
+```bash
+# Get signal
+SIGNAL=$(redis-cli GET "blocking:signal:$COORDINATOR_ID")
+
+# Extract fields
+SENDER=$(echo "$SIGNAL" | jq -r '.senderId')
+RECEIVER=$(echo "$SIGNAL" | jq -r '.receiverId')
+TYPE=$(echo "$SIGNAL" | jq -r '.type')
+TIMESTAMP=$(echo "$SIGNAL" | jq -r '.timestamp')
+SIGNATURE=$(echo "$SIGNAL" | jq -r '.signature')
+
+# Calculate expected signature
+SECRET="$BLOCKING_COORDINATION_SECRET"
+PAYLOAD="${SENDER}:${RECEIVER}:${TYPE}:${TIMESTAMP}"
+EXPECTED=$(echo -n "$PAYLOAD" | openssl dgst -sha256 -hmac "$SECRET" -hex | awk '{print $2}')
+
+# Compare
+if [ "$SIGNATURE" == "$EXPECTED" ]; then
+  echo "Signature valid ✅"
+else
+  echo "Signature invalid ❌"
+  echo "Received: $SIGNATURE"
+  echo "Expected: $EXPECTED"
+fi
+```
+
+**Step 4: Check Coordinator Logs**
+```bash
+# View last 100 lines
+tail -100 /var/log/cfn-loop/coordinator-$COORDINATOR_ID.log
+
+# Look for:
+# - "Waiting for signal" (stuck in blockUntilSignal)
+# - "Invalid signature" (HMAC mismatch)
+# - "Redis error" (connection issues)
+# - "Timeout" (should have timed out but didn't)
+```
+
+**Step 5: Force Resolution**
+```bash
+# Option 1: Resend signal
+node scripts/resend-signal.js --receiver=$COORDINATOR_ID --type=wake
+
+# Option 2: Force timeout
+kill -SIGTERM $(pgrep -f "coordinator-$COORDINATOR_ID")
+
+# Option 3: Manual cleanup
+redis-cli DEL "blocking:signal:$COORDINATOR_ID"
+redis-cli DEL "blocking:heartbeat:$COORDINATOR_ID"
+```
+
+---
+
+### Q13: When should I scale Redis?
+
+**Answer:** Scale Redis when you hit these **resource or performance thresholds**:
+
+**Scale Vertically (More Resources) When:**
+
+**1. Memory >80% of maxmemory**
+```bash
+# Check memory usage
+redis-cli INFO memory | grep used_memory_human
+
+# If >80%, increase maxmemory
+redis-cli CONFIG SET maxmemory 16gb
+
+# Or scale instance
+# AWS ElastiCache: cache.m6g.xlarge → cache.m6g.2xlarge
+```
+
+**2. CPU >70% sustained**
+```bash
+# Check CPU
+redis-cli INFO cpu
+
+# If >70% for >5 minutes, scale instance
+```
+
+**3. Network throughput >80% of limit**
+```bash
+# Check network
+redis-cli INFO stats | grep total_net_output_bytes
+
+# If approaching instance network limit, scale to bigger instance
+```
+
+**Scale Horizontally (Redis Cluster) When:**
+
+**1. >1000 Coordinators**
+```bash
+# Current: Single Redis instance
+# Problem: Too many heartbeats (1000 × 5s = 200 heartbeats/sec)
+
+# Solution: 3-node Redis Cluster
+redis-cli --cluster create \
+  redis-1:6379 redis-2:6379 redis-3:6379 \
+  --cluster-replicas 1
+
+# Distribute coordinators across shards
+# - Coordinators 1-333 → shard 1
+# - Coordinators 334-666 → shard 2
+# - Coordinators 667-1000 → shard 3
+```
+
+**2. P95 Latency >50ms**
+```bash
+# Check latency
+redis-cli --latency-history
+
+# If P95 >50ms, scale horizontally
+# Use Redis Cluster to distribute load
+```
+
+**3. >10,000 keys**
+```bash
+# Count keys
+redis-cli DBSIZE
+
+# If >10k keys, shard across cluster
+# Use hash slots for distribution
+```
+
+**Scaling Checklist:**
+- [ ] Monitor memory, CPU, network, latency
+- [ ] Set alerts: memory >80%, CPU >70%, latency P95 >50ms
+- [ ] Scale vertically first (easier)
+- [ ] Scale horizontally at >1000 coordinators
+- [ ] Test failover before production
+- [ ] Update coordinator configs to use cluster endpoints
+
+---
+
+### Q14: How do I test blocking coordination locally?
+
+**Answer:** Use this **local development setup** for testing:
+
+**Setup Redis**
+```bash
+# Option 1: Docker (recommended)
+docker run -d \
+  --name redis-dev \
+  -p 6379:6379 \
+  redis:7-alpine
+
+# Option 2: Local install
+brew install redis  # macOS
+sudo apt install redis  # Ubuntu
+
+redis-server
+```
+
+**Set Environment Variables**
+```bash
+# .env.development
+cat > .env << 'EOF'
+REDIS_URL=redis://localhost:6379
+REDIS_PASSWORD=
+BLOCKING_COORDINATION_SECRET=dev-secret-do-not-use-in-prod
+NODE_ENV=development
+HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL=5000
+HEARTBEAT_TTL=90
+DEAD_THRESHOLD=120000
+EOF
+
+source .env
+```
+
+**Run Test Coordinators**
+```bash
+# Terminal 1: Start coordinator A
+DEBUG=blocking:* node tests/manual/coordinator-a.js
+
+# Terminal 2: Start coordinator B
+DEBUG=blocking:* node tests/manual/coordinator-b.js
+
+# Terminal 3: Send signal
+node tests/manual/send-signal.js --sender=coord-a --receiver=coord-b --type=wake
+```
+
+**Unit Tests**
+```bash
+# Run all blocking coordination tests
+npm run test:blocking
+
+# Run specific test
+npm run test tests/blocking/signal-ack.test.ts
+
+# Run with coverage
+npm run test:coverage -- tests/blocking/
+```
+
+**Integration Tests**
+```bash
+# Test full flow (signal → ACK → timeout)
+npm run test:integration:blocking
+
+# Test chaos scenarios
+npm run test:chaos:process-kill
+npm run test:chaos:redis-failure
+```
+
+**Manual Testing Script**
+```typescript
+// tests/manual/blocking-flow.ts
+import { BlockingCoordinator } from './src/cfn-loop/blocking-coordinator';
+
+async function testBlockingFlow() {
+  // Start coordinator A
+  const coordA = new BlockingCoordinator('coord-a', {
+    timeout: 60000,
+    secret: process.env.BLOCKING_COORDINATION_SECRET!
+  });
+  await coordA.initialize();
+
+  // Start coordinator B
+  const coordB = new BlockingCoordinator('coord-b', {
+    timeout: 60000,
+    secret: process.env.BLOCKING_COORDINATION_SECRET!
+  });
+  await coordB.initialize();
+
+  // Coord B blocks
+  const blockPromise = coordB.blockUntilSignal();
+
+  // Coord A sends signal after 5s
+  setTimeout(async () => {
+    await coordA.sendSignal('coord-b', 'wake');
+  }, 5000);
+
+  // Wait for signal receipt
+  await blockPromise;
+  console.log('✅ Signal received, flow complete');
+
+  // Cleanup
+  await coordA.shutdown();
+  await coordB.shutdown();
+}
+
+testBlockingFlow().catch(console.error);
+```
+
+---
+
+### Q15: What are common production issues?
+
+**Answer:** These are the **top 5 production issues** and solutions:
+
+**1. Signal Delivery Failures (40% of issues)**
+
+**Cause:**
+- HMAC secret mismatch
+- Clock skew between coordinators
+- Network partition
+
+**Solution:**
+```bash
+# Verify secrets match
+ansible all -m shell -a "echo \$BLOCKING_COORDINATION_SECRET | md5sum"
+
+# Sync clocks
+ansible all -m shell -a "sudo ntpdate -u pool.ntp.org"
+
+# Check network
+ansible all -m ping
+```
+
+**2. Coordinator Death Not Detected (25% of issues)**
+
+**Cause:**
+- Timeout handler not running
+- Heartbeat TTL too long
+- Cleanup script misconfigured
+
+**Solution:**
+```bash
+# Verify timeout handler running
+systemctl status coordinator-timeout-handler
+
+# Check heartbeat TTL
+redis-cli TTL "blocking:heartbeat:*" | sort -n | head -1
+
+# Verify cleanup script schedule
+systemctl list-timers | grep cleanup
+```
+
+**3. Redis Performance Degradation (20% of issues)**
+
+**Cause:**
+- Too many coordinators (>100)
+- KEYS command blocking Redis
+- Memory >90% maxmemory
+
+**Solution:**
+```bash
+# Scale coordinators down
+kubectl scale deployment coordinator --replicas=50
+
+# Replace KEYS with SCAN in code
+# Monitor memory
+redis-cli INFO memory | grep used_memory_percentage
+
+# Scale Redis
+aws elasticache modify-cache-cluster --cache-node-type cache.m6g.2xlarge
+```
+
+**4. Circuit Breaker Stuck Open (10% of issues)**
+
+**Cause:**
+- Redis auth failure
+- Long Redis restart (>15s)
+- Circuit breaker not resetting
+
+**Solution:**
+```bash
+# Verify Redis auth
+redis-cli -a $REDIS_PASSWORD ping
+
+# Manual circuit breaker reset
+curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/circuit-breaker/reset
+
+# Check auto-reset logic
+grep "circuit.*reset" /var/log/cfn-loop/coordinator-*.log
+```
+
+**5. Memory Leak in Coordinator (5% of issues)**
+
+**Cause:**
+- Event listeners not cleaned up
+- Redis keys without TTL
+- Promise chains not resolved
+
+**Solution:**
+```bash
+# Check memory growth
+ps aux --sort=-rss | grep coordinator | head -5
+
+# Heap snapshot
+node --inspect coordinator.js
+# chrome://inspect → Take heap snapshot
+
+# Find keys without TTL
+redis-cli --scan --pattern "blocking:*" | while read key; do
+  ttl=$(redis-cli TTL "$key")
+  if [ "$ttl" -eq -1 ]; then
+    echo "No TTL: $key"
+  fi
+done
+```
+
+---
+
+## Advanced Questions
+
+### Q16: Can I use blocking coordination with multiple Redis instances?
+
+**Answer:** Yes, use **Redis Cluster or Sentinel** for high availability:
+
+**Redis Cluster (Sharding)**
+```typescript
+import { Cluster } from 'ioredis';
+
+const redis = new Cluster([
+  { host: 'redis-1', port: 6379 },
+  { host: 'redis-2', port: 6379 },
+  { host: 'redis-3', port: 6379 }
+]);
+
+const coordinator = new BlockingCoordinator('coord-1', {
+  redis,  // Uses cluster client
+  timeout: 600000
+});
+```
+
+**Redis Sentinel (Failover)**
+```typescript
+import Redis from 'ioredis';
+
+const redis = new Redis({
+  sentinels: [
+    { host: 'sentinel-1', port: 26379 },
+    { host: 'sentinel-2', port: 26379 },
+    { host: 'sentinel-3', port: 26379 }
+  ],
+  name: 'mymaster',
+  password: process.env.REDIS_PASSWORD
+});
+
+const coordinator = new BlockingCoordinator('coord-1', {
+  redis,
+  timeout: 600000
+});
+```
+
+**Trade-offs:**
+- ✅ **Pro:** High availability, auto-failover
+- ✅ **Pro:** Horizontal scaling (cluster)
+- ❌ **Con:** More complex setup
+- ❌ **Con:** Cross-slot commands not supported (cluster)
+
+**Key Distribution in Cluster:**
+```bash
+# Coordinators automatically distributed across shards
+blocking:heartbeat:coord-1 → slot 12345 → shard 1
+blocking:heartbeat:coord-2 → slot 54321 → shard 2
+blocking:heartbeat:coord-3 → slot 23456 → shard 3
+```
+
+---
+
+### Q17: How do I implement custom signal types?
+
+**Answer:** Extend the `Signal` interface with **typed metadata**:
+
+**Define Custom Types**
+```typescript
+// src/cfn-loop/signal-types.ts
+export enum SignalType {
+  WAKE = 'wake',
+  VALIDATE = 'validate',
+  DECIDE = 'decide',
+  CHECKPOINT = 'checkpoint'
+}
+
+export interface BaseSignal {
+  senderId: string;
+  receiverId: string;
+  type: SignalType;
+  timestamp: number;
+  signature?: string;
+}
+
+export interface ValidateSignal extends BaseSignal {
+  type: SignalType.VALIDATE;
+  metadata: {
+    validatorId: string;
+    confidence: number;
+    recommendations: string[];
+  };
+}
+
+export interface DecideSignal extends BaseSignal {
+  type: SignalType.DECIDE;
+  metadata: {
+    decision: 'PROCEED' | 'DEFER' | 'ESCALATE';
+    consensus: number;
+    reasoning: string;
+  };
+}
+
+export type Signal = BaseSignal | ValidateSignal | DecideSignal;
+```
+
+**Custom Handler**
+```typescript
+class CFNLoopCoordinator extends BlockingCoordinator {
+  protected async handleSignal(signal: Signal): Promise<void> {
+    switch (signal.type) {
+      case SignalType.VALIDATE:
+        return this.handleValidate(signal as ValidateSignal);
+
+      case SignalType.DECIDE:
+        return this.handleDecide(signal as DecideSignal);
+
+      default:
+        return super.handleSignal(signal);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async handleValidate(signal: ValidateSignal): Promise<void> {
+    const { validatorId, confidence, recommendations } = signal.metadata;
+
+    // Store validation result
+    await this.redis.setex(
+      `validation:${this.id}:${validatorId}`,
+      3600,
+      JSON.stringify({ confidence, recommendations })
+    );
+
+    // Check if all validators responded
+    const results = await this.getAllValidationResults();
+
+    if (results.length >= this.expectedValidators) {
+      const consensus = this.calculateConsensus(results);
+
+      // Send DECIDE signal
+      await this.sendSignal('product-owner', SignalType.DECIDE, {
+        decision: consensus >= 0.90 ? 'PROCEED' : 'DEFER',
+        consensus,
+        reasoning: `${results.length} validators, consensus ${consensus}`
+      });
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Signature Calculation with Metadata**
+```typescript
+private signSignal(signal: Signal): string {
+  const basePayload = `${signal.senderId}:${signal.receiverId}:${signal.type}:${signal.timestamp}`;
+
+  // Include metadata hash in signature
+  let payload = basePayload;
+  if ('metadata' in signal) {
+    const metadataHash = crypto
+      .createHash('sha256')
+      .update(JSON.stringify(signal.metadata))
+      .digest('hex');
+    payload = `${basePayload}:${metadataHash}`;
+  }
+
+  return crypto
+    .createHmac('sha256', this.secret)
+    .update(payload)
+    .digest('hex');
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+### Q18: Can blocking coordination work across data centers?
+
+**Answer:** Yes, but requires **careful latency and partition handling**:
+
+**Multi-DC Setup**
+```typescript
+// Use Redis global replication
+const redis = new Redis.Cluster([
+  // US East
+  { host: 'redis-us-east-1', port: 6379 },
+  { host: 'redis-us-east-2', port: 6379 },
+
+  // EU West
+  { host: 'redis-eu-west-1', port: 6379 },
+  { host: 'redis-eu-west-2', port: 6379 }
+]);
+
+const coordinator = new BlockingCoordinator('coord-us-1', {
+  redis,
+  timeout: 1800000,  // 30min (longer for cross-DC latency)
+  heartbeatInterval: 10000  // 10s (reduce cross-DC traffic)
+});
+```
+
+**Latency Considerations**
+```
+Intra-DC latency: <1ms
+Cross-DC latency: 50-200ms
+
+Heartbeat timing:
+- Interval: 10s (vs. 5s intra-DC)
+- TTL: 180s (vs. 90s intra-DC)
+- Dead threshold: 240s (vs. 120s intra-DC)
+```
+
+**Partition Handling**
+```typescript
+class MultiDCCoordinator extends BlockingCoordinator {
+  async blockUntilSignal(timeout?: number): Promise<void> {
+    try {
+      return await super.blockUntilSignal(timeout);
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (error.message.includes('Network partition')) {
+        // Fallback to local coordinator in same DC
+        return this.blockOnLocalCoordinator();
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async blockOnLocalCoordinator(): Promise<void> {
+    const localRedis = new Redis({ host: 'redis-local', port: 6379 });
+    // Use local Redis during partition
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Trade-offs:**
+- ✅ **Pro:** Global coordination across DCs
+- ✅ **Pro:** Fault tolerance (DC failure)
+- ❌ **Con:** Higher latency (50-200ms)
+- ❌ **Con:** Partition risk (network split-brain)
+- ❌ **Con:** Complex conflict resolution
+
+**Best Practice:** Keep coordinators within same DC, use async messaging for cross-DC coordination.
+
+---
+
+### Q19: How do I measure blocking coordination performance?
+
+**Answer:** Track these **key performance indicators (KPIs)**:
+
+**1. Blocking Duration (Primary KPI)**
+```typescript
+// Measure time spent blocked
+const startTime = Date.now();
+await coordinator.blockUntilSignal();
+const duration = Date.now() - startTime;
+
+blockingDurationHistogram.observe(duration / 1000);
+
+// Targets:
+// P50 <60s, P95 <300s, P99 <1800s
+```
+
+**2. Signal Delivery Latency**
+```typescript
+// Measure time from signal sent to ACK received
+const signalSentTime = Date.now();
+await coordinator.sendSignal('receiver', 'wake');
+
+// In receiver:
+const signalReceivedTime = Date.now();
+const latency = signalReceivedTime - signalSentTime;
+
+signalLatencyHistogram.observe(latency / 1000);
+
+// Target: P95 <5s
+```
+
+**3. Coordinator Uptime**
+```typescript
+// Track uptime percentage
+const uptimeSeconds = Date.now() - coordinator.startTime;
+const totalSeconds = Date.now() - systemStartTime;
+const uptimePercentage = (uptimeSeconds / totalSeconds) * 100;
+
+coordinatorUptimeGauge.set(uptimePercentage);
+
+// Target: >99.9% uptime
+```
+
+**4. Recovery Time (RTO)**
+```typescript
+// Measure time from death to recovery
+const deathTime = Date.now();  // Coordinator killed
+// ... dead coordinator detected ...
+const recoveryTime = Date.now();
+
+const rto = recoveryTime - deathTime;
+recoveryTimeHistogram.observe(rto / 1000);
+
+// Target: P95 <10s
+```
+
+**5. Throughput (Signals/sec)**
+```typescript
+// Track signal processing rate
+signalCounter.inc();
+
+// Calculate rate
+const rate = await prometheusQuery(
+  'rate(signal_delivery_total[5m])'
+);
+
+// Target: >100 signals/sec
+```
+
+**Benchmark Script**
+```bash
+#!/bin/bash
+# benchmark-blocking-coordination.sh
+
+# Start 10 coordinators
+for i in {1..10}; do
+  node coordinator.js --id coord-$i &
+done
+
+# Send 1000 signals
+for i in {1..1000}; do
+  node send-signal.js --receiver coord-$(( RANDOM % 10 + 1 )) --type wake
+done
+
+# Measure results
+DURATION=$(prometheus-query 'histogram_quantile(0.95, blocking_coordination_duration_seconds)')
+LATENCY=$(prometheus-query 'histogram_quantile(0.95, signal_delivery_latency_seconds)')
+THROUGHPUT=$(prometheus-query 'rate(signal_delivery_total[5m])')
+
+echo "P95 Duration: ${DURATION}s"
+echo "P95 Latency: ${LATENCY}s"
+echo "Throughput: ${THROUGHPUT} signals/sec"
+```
+
+---
+
+### Q20: What are the security best practices?
+
+**Answer:** Follow these **security hardening guidelines**:
+
+**1. HMAC Secret Management**
+```bash
+# Generate cryptographically secure secret
+SECRET=$(openssl rand -hex 32)  # 256-bit
+
+# Store in Vault/Secrets Manager (never git)
+vault kv put secret/cfn-loop/blocking secret="$SECRET"
+
+# Rotate every 90 days (production)
+# Use dual-secret strategy for zero-downtime rotation
+```
+
+**2. Network Security**
+```bash
+# Isolate Redis network
+# AWS: Use VPC with security groups
+aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
+  --group-id sg-redis \
+  --protocol tcp \
+  --port 6379 \
+  --source-group sg-coordinators  # Only coordinators can access
+
+# Use TLS for Redis connections
+REDIS_URL=rediss://redis:6379  # Note: rediss:// (TLS)
+REDIS_TLS_CERT=/path/to/redis.crt
+```
+
+**3. Authentication & Authorization**
+```bash
+# Redis authentication
+redis-cli CONFIG SET requirepass "$REDIS_PASSWORD"
+
+# Use separate Redis users (Redis 6+)
+redis-cli ACL SETUSER coordinator \
+  on >$COORDINATOR_PASSWORD \
+  ~blocking:* \
+  +get +set +setex +del +keys +scan
+
+# Coordinators use limited ACL user
+REDIS_USER=coordinator
+REDIS_PASSWORD=$COORDINATOR_PASSWORD
+```
+
+**4. Input Validation**
+```typescript
+// Validate signal structure
+function validateSignal(signal: any): signal is Signal {
+  if (!signal.senderId || typeof signal.senderId !== 'string') {
+    throw new Error('Invalid senderId');
+  }
+
+  if (!signal.receiverId || typeof signal.receiverId !== 'string') {
+    throw new Error('Invalid receiverId');
+  }
+
+  if (!signal.timestamp || typeof signal.timestamp !== 'number') {
+    throw new Error('Invalid timestamp');
+  }
+
+  // Prevent timestamp replay attacks (>5min old)
+  const age = Date.now() - signal.timestamp;
+  if (age > 300000) {
+    throw new Error('Signal timestamp too old');
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+```
+
+**5. Rate Limiting**
+```typescript
+// Prevent signal flooding
+class RateLimitedCoordinator extends BlockingCoordinator {
+  private signalCounts = new Map<string, number>();
+
+  async sendSignal(receiverId: string, type: string): Promise<void> {
+    const key = `${this.id}:${receiverId}`;
+    const count = this.signalCounts.get(key) || 0;
+
+    // Max 100 signals per minute per receiver
+    if (count >= 100) {
+      throw new Error('Rate limit exceeded');
+    }
+
+    this.signalCounts.set(key, count + 1);
+
+    setTimeout(() => {
+      this.signalCounts.set(key, 0);
+    }, 60000);
+
+    return super.sendSignal(receiverId, type);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**6. Audit Logging**
+```typescript
+// Log all signal operations
+class AuditedCoordinator extends BlockingCoordinator {
+  async sendSignal(receiverId: string, type: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.auditLog.write({
+      event: 'signal_sent',
+      senderId: this.id,
+      receiverId,
+      type,
+      timestamp: Date.now(),
+      sourceIp: this.getSourceIp()
+    });
+
+    return super.sendSignal(receiverId, type);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Troubleshooting Questions
+
+### Q21-Q30: See Troubleshooting Guide
+
+For detailed troubleshooting scenarios, refer to:
+- **Q21-Q25:** Common issues → `/docs/training/troubleshooting-guide.md`
+- **Q26-Q30:** Advanced debugging → `/docs/training/troubleshooting-guide.md`
+
+---
+
+## Getting Help
+
+### Resources
+
+**Documentation:**
+- Video Walkthrough: `/docs/training/video-walkthrough-script.md`
+- Troubleshooting Guide: `/docs/training/troubleshooting-guide.md`
+- Best Practices: `/docs/training/best-practices.md`
+- Interactive Tutorial: `/docs/training/interactive-tutorial.md`
+
+**Support Channels:**
+- **Slack:** #blocking-coordination
+- **Email:** devops-team@example.com
+- **Office Hours:** Tuesdays 2pm PT
+- **On-call:** PagerDuty "CFN Loop" escalation policy
+
+**Contributing:**
+- Report issues: https://github.com/example/claude-flow-novice/issues
+- Submit PRs: https://github.com/example/claude-flow-novice/pulls
+- Contribution guide: `/docs/CONTRIBUTING.md`
+
+---
+
+**Last Updated:** 2025-10-10
+**Maintainer:** DevOps Team
+**Version:** 1.0