claude-code-workflow 6.1.4 → 6.2.2

package/codex-lens/src/codexlens/semantic/vector_store.py

@@ -0,0 +1,955 @@
+"""Vector storage and similarity search for semantic chunks.
+
+Optimized for high-performance similarity search using:
+- HNSW index for O(log N) approximate nearest neighbor search (primary)
+- Cached embedding matrix for batch operations (fallback)
+- NumPy vectorized cosine similarity (fallback, 100x+ faster than loops)
+- Lazy content loading (only fetch for top-k results)
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import logging
+import sqlite3
+import threading
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+
+from codexlens.entities import SearchResult, SemanticChunk
+from codexlens.errors import StorageError
+
+from . import SEMANTIC_AVAILABLE
+
+if SEMANTIC_AVAILABLE:
+    import numpy as np
+
+# Try to import ANN index (optional hnswlib dependency)
+try:
+    from codexlens.semantic.ann_index import ANNIndex, HNSWLIB_AVAILABLE
+except ImportError:
+    HNSWLIB_AVAILABLE = False
+    ANNIndex = None
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _cosine_similarity(a: List[float], b: List[float]) -> float:
+    """Compute cosine similarity between two vectors."""
+    if not SEMANTIC_AVAILABLE:
+        raise ImportError("numpy required for vector operations")
+
+    a_arr = np.array(a)
+    b_arr = np.array(b)
+
+    norm_a = np.linalg.norm(a_arr)
+    norm_b = np.linalg.norm(b_arr)
+
+    if norm_a == 0 or norm_b == 0:
+        return 0.0
+
+    return float(np.dot(a_arr, b_arr) / (norm_a * norm_b))
+
+
+class VectorStore:
+    """SQLite-based vector storage with HNSW-accelerated similarity search.
+
+    Performance optimizations:
+    - HNSW index for O(log N) approximate nearest neighbor search
+    - Embedding matrix cached in memory for batch similarity computation (fallback)
+    - NumPy vectorized operations instead of Python loops (fallback)
+    - Lazy content loading - only fetch full content for top-k results
+    - Thread-safe cache invalidation
+    - Bulk insert mode for efficient batch operations
+    """
+
+    # Default embedding dimension (used when creating new index)
+    DEFAULT_DIM = 768
+
+    def __init__(self, db_path: str | Path) -> None:
+        if not SEMANTIC_AVAILABLE:
+            raise ImportError(
+                "Semantic search dependencies not available. "
+                "Install with: pip install codexlens[semantic]"
+            )
+
+        self.db_path = Path(db_path)
+        self.db_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        # Embedding cache for fast similarity search (fallback)
+        self._cache_lock = threading.RLock()
+        self._embedding_matrix: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+        self._embedding_norms: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
+        self._chunk_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None
+        self._cache_version: int = 0
+
+        # ANN index for O(log N) search
+        self._ann_index: Optional[ANNIndex] = None
+        self._ann_dim: Optional[int] = None
+        self._ann_write_lock = threading.Lock()  # Protects ANN index modifications
+
+        # Bulk insert mode tracking
+        self._bulk_insert_mode: bool = False
+        self._bulk_insert_ids: List[int] = []
+        self._bulk_insert_embeddings: List[np.ndarray] = []
+
+        self._init_schema()
+        self._init_ann_index()
+
+    def _init_schema(self) -> None:
+        """Initialize vector storage schema."""
+        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
+            # Enable memory mapping for faster reads
+            conn.execute("PRAGMA mmap_size = 30000000000")  # 30GB limit
+            conn.execute("""
+                CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS semantic_chunks (
+                    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+                    file_path TEXT NOT NULL,
+                    content TEXT NOT NULL,
+                    embedding BLOB NOT NULL,
+                    metadata TEXT,
+                    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
+                )
+            """)
+            conn.execute("""
+                CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_chunks_file
+                ON semantic_chunks(file_path)
+            """)
+            conn.commit()
+
+    def _init_ann_index(self) -> None:
+        """Initialize ANN index (lazy loading from existing data)."""
+        if not HNSWLIB_AVAILABLE:
+            logger.debug("hnswlib not available, using brute-force search")
+            return
+
+        # Try to detect embedding dimension from existing data
+        dim = self._detect_embedding_dim()
+        if dim is None:
+            # No data yet, will initialize on first add
+            logger.debug("No embeddings found, ANN index will be created on first add")
+            return
+
+        self._ann_dim = dim
+
+        try:
+            self._ann_index = ANNIndex(self.db_path, dim)
+            if self._ann_index.load():
+                logger.debug(
+                    "Loaded ANN index with %d vectors", self._ann_index.count()
+                )
+            else:
+                # Index file doesn't exist, try to build from SQLite data
+                logger.debug("ANN index file not found, rebuilding from SQLite")
+                self._rebuild_ann_index_internal()
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning("Failed to initialize ANN index: %s", e)
+            self._ann_index = None
+
+    def _detect_embedding_dim(self) -> Optional[int]:
+        """Detect embedding dimension from existing data."""
+        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
+            row = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT embedding FROM semantic_chunks LIMIT 1"
+            ).fetchone()
+            if row and row[0]:
+                # Embedding is stored as float32 blob
+                blob = row[0]
+                return len(blob) // np.dtype(np.float32).itemsize
+        return None
+
+    @property
+    def dimension(self) -> Optional[int]:
+        """Return the dimension of embeddings in the store.
+
+        Returns:
+            Embedding dimension if available, None if store is empty.
+        """
+        if self._ann_dim is not None:
+            return self._ann_dim
+        self._ann_dim = self._detect_embedding_dim()
+        return self._ann_dim
+
+    def _rebuild_ann_index_internal(self) -> int:
+        """Internal method to rebuild ANN index from SQLite data."""
+        if self._ann_index is None:
+            return 0
+
+        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
+            conn.execute("PRAGMA mmap_size = 30000000000")
+            rows = conn.execute(
+                "SELECT id, embedding FROM semantic_chunks"
+            ).fetchall()
+
+        if not rows:
+            return 0
+
+        # Extract IDs and embeddings
+        ids = [r[0] for r in rows]
+        embeddings = np.vstack([
+            np.frombuffer(r[1], dtype=np.float32) for r in rows
+        ])
+
+        # Add to ANN index
+        self._ann_index.add_vectors(ids, embeddings)
+        self._ann_index.save()
+
+        logger.info("Rebuilt ANN index with %d vectors", len(ids))
+        return len(ids)
+
+    def rebuild_ann_index(self) -> int:
+        """Rebuild HNSW index from all chunks in SQLite.
+
+        Use this method to:
+        - Migrate existing data to use ANN search
+        - Repair corrupted index
+        - Reclaim space after many deletions
+
+        Returns:
+            Number of vectors indexed.
+        """
+        if not HNSWLIB_AVAILABLE:
+            logger.warning("hnswlib not available, cannot rebuild ANN index")
+            return 0
+
+        # Detect dimension
+        dim = self._detect_embedding_dim()
+        if dim is None:
+            logger.warning("No embeddings found, cannot rebuild ANN index")
+            return 0
+
+        self._ann_dim = dim
+
+        # Create new index
+        try:
+            self._ann_index = ANNIndex(self.db_path, dim)
+            return self._rebuild_ann_index_internal()
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error("Failed to rebuild ANN index: %s", e)
+            self._ann_index = None
+            return 0
+
+    def _invalidate_cache(self) -> None:
+        """Invalidate the embedding cache (thread-safe)."""
+        with self._cache_lock:
+            self._embedding_matrix = None
+            self._embedding_norms = None
+            self._chunk_ids = None
+            self._cache_version += 1
+
+    def _refresh_cache(self) -> bool:
+        """Load embeddings into numpy matrix for fast similarity search.
+
+        Returns:
+            True if cache was refreshed successfully, False if no data.
+        """
+        with self._cache_lock:
+            with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
+                conn.execute("PRAGMA mmap_size = 30000000000")
+                rows = conn.execute(
+                    "SELECT id, embedding FROM semantic_chunks"
+                ).fetchall()
+
+            if not rows:
+                self._embedding_matrix = None
+                self._embedding_norms = None
+                self._chunk_ids = None
+                return False
+
+            # Extract IDs and embeddings
+            self._chunk_ids = [r[0] for r in rows]
+
+            # Bulk convert binary blobs to numpy matrix
+            embeddings = [
+                np.frombuffer(r[1], dtype=np.float32) for r in rows
+            ]
+            self._embedding_matrix = np.vstack(embeddings)
+
+            # Pre-compute norms for faster similarity calculation
+            self._embedding_norms = np.linalg.norm(
+                self._embedding_matrix, axis=1, keepdims=True
+            )
+            # Avoid division by zero
+            self._embedding_norms = np.where(
+                self._embedding_norms == 0, 1e-10, self._embedding_norms
+            )
+
+            return True
+
+    def _ensure_ann_index(self, dim: int) -> bool:
+        """Ensure ANN index is initialized with correct dimension.
+
+        This method is thread-safe and uses double-checked locking.
+
+        Args:
+            dim: Embedding dimension
+
+        Returns:
+            True if ANN index is ready, False otherwise
+        """
+        if not HNSWLIB_AVAILABLE:
+            return False
+
+        # Fast path: index already initialized (no lock needed)
+        if self._ann_index is not None:
+            return True
+
+        # Slow path: acquire lock for initialization
+        with self._ann_write_lock:
+            # Double-check after acquiring lock
+            if self._ann_index is not None:
+                return True
+
+            try:
+                self._ann_dim = dim
+                self._ann_index = ANNIndex(self.db_path, dim)
+                self._ann_index.load()  # Try to load existing
+                return True
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning("Failed to initialize ANN index: %s", e)
+                self._ann_index = None
+                return False
+
+    def add_chunk(self, chunk: SemanticChunk, file_path: str) -> int:
+        """Add a single chunk with its embedding.
+
+        Returns:
+            The inserted chunk ID.
+        """
+        if chunk.embedding is None:
+            raise ValueError("Chunk must have embedding before adding to store")
+
+        embedding_arr = np.array(chunk.embedding, dtype=np.float32)
+        embedding_blob = embedding_arr.tobytes()
+        metadata_json = json.dumps(chunk.metadata) if chunk.metadata else None
+
+        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
+            cursor = conn.execute(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO semantic_chunks (file_path, content, embedding, metadata)
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
+                """,
+                (file_path, chunk.content, embedding_blob, metadata_json)
+            )
+            conn.commit()
+            chunk_id = cursor.lastrowid or 0
+
+        # Add to ANN index
+        if self._ensure_ann_index(len(chunk.embedding)):
+            with self._ann_write_lock:
+                try:
+                    self._ann_index.add_vectors([chunk_id], embedding_arr.reshape(1, -1))
+                    self._ann_index.save()
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.warning("Failed to add to ANN index: %s", e)
+
+        # Invalidate cache after modification
+        self._invalidate_cache()
+        return chunk_id
+
+    def add_chunks(self, chunks: List[SemanticChunk], file_path: str) -> List[int]:
+        """Add multiple chunks with embeddings (batch insert).
+
+        Returns:
+            List of inserted chunk IDs.
+        """
+        if not chunks:
+            return []
+
+        # Prepare batch data
+        batch_data = []
+        embeddings_list = []
+        for chunk in chunks:
+            if chunk.embedding is None:
+                raise ValueError("All chunks must have embeddings")
+            embedding_arr = np.array(chunk.embedding, dtype=np.float32)
+            embedding_blob = embedding_arr.tobytes()
+            metadata_json = json.dumps(chunk.metadata) if chunk.metadata else None
+            batch_data.append((file_path, chunk.content, embedding_blob, metadata_json))
+            embeddings_list.append(embedding_arr)
+
+        # Batch insert to SQLite
+        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
+            # Get starting ID before insert
+            row = conn.execute("SELECT MAX(id) FROM semantic_chunks").fetchone()
+            start_id = (row[0] or 0) + 1
+
+            conn.executemany(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO semantic_chunks (file_path, content, embedding, metadata)
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
+                """,
+                batch_data
+            )
+            conn.commit()
+            # Calculate inserted IDs based on starting ID
+            ids = list(range(start_id, start_id + len(chunks)))
+
+        # Add to ANN index
+        if embeddings_list and self._ensure_ann_index(len(embeddings_list[0])):
+            with self._ann_write_lock:
+                try:
+                    embeddings_matrix = np.vstack(embeddings_list)
+                    self._ann_index.add_vectors(ids, embeddings_matrix)
+                    self._ann_index.save()
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.warning("Failed to add batch to ANN index: %s", e)
+
+        # Invalidate cache after modification
+        self._invalidate_cache()
+        return ids
+
+    def add_chunks_batch(
+        self,
+        chunks_with_paths: List[Tuple[SemanticChunk, str]],
+        update_ann: bool = True,
+        auto_save_ann: bool = True,
+    ) -> List[int]:
+        """Batch insert chunks from multiple files in a single transaction.
+
+        This method is optimized for bulk operations during index generation.
+
+        Args:
+            chunks_with_paths: List of (chunk, file_path) tuples
+            update_ann: If True, update ANN index with new vectors (default: True)
+            auto_save_ann: If True, save ANN index after update (default: True).
+                          Set to False for bulk inserts to reduce I/O overhead.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of inserted chunk IDs
+        """
+        if not chunks_with_paths:
+            return []
+
+        # Prepare batch data
+        batch_data = []
+        embeddings_list = []
+        for chunk, file_path in chunks_with_paths:
+            if chunk.embedding is None:
+                raise ValueError("All chunks must have embeddings")
+            # Optimize: avoid repeated np.array() if already numpy
+            if isinstance(chunk.embedding, np.ndarray):
+                embedding_arr = chunk.embedding.astype(np.float32)
+            else:
+                embedding_arr = np.array(chunk.embedding, dtype=np.float32)
+            embedding_blob = embedding_arr.tobytes()
+            metadata_json = json.dumps(chunk.metadata) if chunk.metadata else None
+            batch_data.append((file_path, chunk.content, embedding_blob, metadata_json))
+            embeddings_list.append(embedding_arr)
+
+        # Batch insert to SQLite in single transaction
+        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
+            # Get starting ID before insert
+            row = conn.execute("SELECT MAX(id) FROM semantic_chunks").fetchone()
+            start_id = (row[0] or 0) + 1
+
+            conn.executemany(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO semantic_chunks (file_path, content, embedding, metadata)
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
+                """,
+                batch_data
+            )
+            conn.commit()
+            # Calculate inserted IDs based on starting ID
+            ids = list(range(start_id, start_id + len(chunks_with_paths)))
+
+        # Handle ANN index updates
+        if embeddings_list and update_ann and self._ensure_ann_index(len(embeddings_list[0])):
+            # In bulk insert mode, accumulate for later batch update
+            if self._bulk_insert_mode:
+                self._bulk_insert_ids.extend(ids)
+                self._bulk_insert_embeddings.extend(embeddings_list)
+            else:
+                # Normal mode: update immediately
+                with self._ann_write_lock:
+                    try:
+                        embeddings_matrix = np.vstack(embeddings_list)
+                        self._ann_index.add_vectors(ids, embeddings_matrix)
+                        if auto_save_ann:
+                            self._ann_index.save()
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        logger.warning("Failed to add batch to ANN index: %s", e)
+
+        # Invalidate cache after modification
+        self._invalidate_cache()
+        return ids
+
+    def add_chunks_batch_numpy(
+        self,
+        chunks_with_paths: List[Tuple[SemanticChunk, str]],
+        embeddings_matrix: np.ndarray,
+        update_ann: bool = True,
+        auto_save_ann: bool = True,
+    ) -> List[int]:
+        """Batch insert chunks with pre-computed numpy embeddings matrix.
+
+        This method accepts embeddings as a numpy matrix to avoid list->array conversions.
+        Useful when embeddings are already in numpy format from batch encoding.
+
+        Args:
+            chunks_with_paths: List of (chunk, file_path) tuples (embeddings can be None)
+            embeddings_matrix: Pre-computed embeddings as (N, D) numpy array
+            update_ann: If True, update ANN index with new vectors (default: True)
+            auto_save_ann: If True, save ANN index after update (default: True)
+
+        Returns:
+            List of inserted chunk IDs
+        """
+        if not chunks_with_paths:
+            return []
+
+        if len(chunks_with_paths) != embeddings_matrix.shape[0]:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Mismatch: {len(chunks_with_paths)} chunks but "
+                f"{embeddings_matrix.shape[0]} embeddings"
+            )
+
+        # Ensure float32 format
+        embeddings_matrix = embeddings_matrix.astype(np.float32)
+
+        # Prepare batch data
+        batch_data = []
+        for i, (chunk, file_path) in enumerate(chunks_with_paths):
+            embedding_arr = embeddings_matrix[i]
+            embedding_blob = embedding_arr.tobytes()
+            metadata_json = json.dumps(chunk.metadata) if chunk.metadata else None
+            batch_data.append((file_path, chunk.content, embedding_blob, metadata_json))
+
+        # Batch insert to SQLite in single transaction
+        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
+            # Get starting ID before insert
+            row = conn.execute("SELECT MAX(id) FROM semantic_chunks").fetchone()
+            start_id = (row[0] or 0) + 1
+
+            conn.executemany(
+                """
+                INSERT INTO semantic_chunks (file_path, content, embedding, metadata)
+                VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
+                """,
+                batch_data
+            )
+            conn.commit()
+            # Calculate inserted IDs based on starting ID
+            ids = list(range(start_id, start_id + len(chunks_with_paths)))
+
+        # Handle ANN index updates
+        if update_ann and self._ensure_ann_index(embeddings_matrix.shape[1]):
+            # In bulk insert mode, accumulate for later batch update
+            if self._bulk_insert_mode:
+                self._bulk_insert_ids.extend(ids)
+                # Split matrix into individual arrays for accumulation
+                self._bulk_insert_embeddings.extend([embeddings_matrix[i] for i in range(len(ids))])
+            else:
+                # Normal mode: update immediately
+                with self._ann_write_lock:
+                    try:
+                        self._ann_index.add_vectors(ids, embeddings_matrix)
+                        if auto_save_ann:
+                            self._ann_index.save()
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        logger.warning("Failed to add batch to ANN index: %s", e)
+
+        # Invalidate cache after modification
+        self._invalidate_cache()
+        return ids
+
+    def begin_bulk_insert(self) -> None:
+        """Begin bulk insert mode - disable ANN auto-update for better performance.
+
+        Usage:
+            store.begin_bulk_insert()
+            try:
+                for batch in batches:
+                    store.add_chunks_batch(batch, auto_save_ann=False)
+            finally:
+                store.end_bulk_insert()
+
+        Or use context manager:
+            with store.bulk_insert():
+                for batch in batches:
+                    store.add_chunks_batch(batch)
+        """
+        self._bulk_insert_mode = True
+        self._bulk_insert_ids.clear()
+        self._bulk_insert_embeddings.clear()
+        logger.debug("Entered bulk insert mode")
+
+    def end_bulk_insert(self) -> None:
+        """End bulk insert mode and rebuild ANN index from accumulated data.
+
+        This method should be called after all bulk inserts are complete to
+        update the ANN index in a single batch operation.
+        """
+        if not self._bulk_insert_mode:
+            logger.warning("end_bulk_insert called but not in bulk insert mode")
+            return
+
+        self._bulk_insert_mode = False
+
+        # Update ANN index with all accumulated data
+        if self._bulk_insert_ids and self._bulk_insert_embeddings:
+            if self._ensure_ann_index(len(self._bulk_insert_embeddings[0])):
+                with self._ann_write_lock:
+                    try:
+                        embeddings_matrix = np.vstack(self._bulk_insert_embeddings)
+                        self._ann_index.add_vectors(self._bulk_insert_ids, embeddings_matrix)
+                        self._ann_index.save()
+                        logger.info(
+                            "Bulk insert complete: added %d vectors to ANN index",
+                            len(self._bulk_insert_ids)
+                        )
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        logger.error("Failed to update ANN index after bulk insert: %s", e)
+
+        # Clear accumulated data
+        self._bulk_insert_ids.clear()
+        self._bulk_insert_embeddings.clear()
+        logger.debug("Exited bulk insert mode")
+
+    class BulkInsertContext:
+        """Context manager for bulk insert operations."""
+
+        def __init__(self, store: "VectorStore") -> None:
+            self.store = store
+
+        def __enter__(self) -> "VectorStore":
+            self.store.begin_bulk_insert()
+            return self.store
+
+        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) -> None:
+            self.store.end_bulk_insert()
+
+    def bulk_insert(self) -> "VectorStore.BulkInsertContext":
+        """Return a context manager for bulk insert operations.
+
+        Usage:
+            with store.bulk_insert():
+                for batch in batches:
+                    store.add_chunks_batch(batch)
+        """
+        return self.BulkInsertContext(self)
+
+    def delete_file_chunks(self, file_path: str) -> int:
+        """Delete all chunks for a file.
+
+        Returns:
+            Number of deleted chunks.
+        """
+        # Get chunk IDs before deletion (for ANN index)
+        chunk_ids_to_delete = []
+        if self._ann_index is not None:
+            with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
+                rows = conn.execute(
+                    "SELECT id FROM semantic_chunks WHERE file_path = ?",
+                    (file_path,)
+                ).fetchall()
+                chunk_ids_to_delete = [r[0] for r in rows]
+
+        # Delete from SQLite
+        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
+            cursor = conn.execute(
+                "DELETE FROM semantic_chunks WHERE file_path = ?",
+                (file_path,)
+            )
+            conn.commit()
+            deleted = cursor.rowcount
+
+        # Remove from ANN index
+        if deleted > 0 and self._ann_index is not None and chunk_ids_to_delete:
+            with self._ann_write_lock:
+                try:
+                    self._ann_index.remove_vectors(chunk_ids_to_delete)
+                    self._ann_index.save()
+                except Exception as e:
+                    logger.warning("Failed to remove from ANN index: %s", e)
+
+        if deleted > 0:
+            self._invalidate_cache()
+        return deleted
+
+    def search_similar(
+        self,
+        query_embedding: List[float],
+        top_k: int = 10,
+        min_score: float = 0.0,
+        return_full_content: bool = True,
+    ) -> List[SearchResult]:
+        """Find chunks most similar to query embedding.
+
+        Uses HNSW index for O(log N) search when available, falls back to
+        brute-force NumPy search otherwise.
+
+        Args:
+            query_embedding: Query vector.
+            top_k: Maximum results to return.
+            min_score: Minimum similarity score (0-1).
+            return_full_content: If True, return full code block content.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of SearchResult ordered by similarity (highest first).
+        """
+        query_vec = np.array(query_embedding, dtype=np.float32)
+
+        # Try HNSW search first (O(log N))
+        if (
+            HNSWLIB_AVAILABLE
+            and self._ann_index is not None
+            and self._ann_index.is_loaded
+            and self._ann_index.count() > 0
+        ):
+            try:
+                return self._search_with_ann(
+                    query_vec, top_k, min_score, return_full_content
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.warning("ANN search failed, falling back to brute-force: %s", e)
+
+        # Fallback to brute-force search (O(N))
+        return self._search_brute_force(
+            query_vec, top_k, min_score, return_full_content
+        )
+
+    def _search_with_ann(
+        self,
+        query_vec: np.ndarray,
+        top_k: int,
+        min_score: float,
+        return_full_content: bool,
+    ) -> List[SearchResult]:
+        """Search using HNSW index (O(log N)).
+
+        Args:
+            query_vec: Query vector as numpy array
+            top_k: Maximum results to return
+            min_score: Minimum similarity score (0-1)
+            return_full_content: If True, return full code block content
+
+        Returns:
+            List of SearchResult ordered by similarity (highest first)
+        """
+        # Limit top_k to available vectors to prevent hnswlib error
+        ann_count = self._ann_index.count()
+        effective_top_k = min(top_k, ann_count) if ann_count > 0 else 0
+
+        if effective_top_k == 0:
+            return []
+
+        # HNSW search returns (ids, distances)
+        # For cosine space: distance = 1 - similarity
+        ids, distances = self._ann_index.search(query_vec, effective_top_k)
+
+        if not ids:
+            return []
+
+        # Convert distances to similarity scores
+        scores = [1.0 - d for d in distances]
+
+        # Filter by min_score
+        filtered = [
+            (chunk_id, score)
+            for chunk_id, score in zip(ids, scores)
+            if score >= min_score
+        ]
+
+        if not filtered:
+            return []
+
+        top_ids = [f[0] for f in filtered]
+        top_scores = [f[1] for f in filtered]
+
+        # Fetch content from SQLite
+        return self._fetch_results_by_ids(top_ids, top_scores, return_full_content)
+
+    def _search_brute_force(
+        self,
+        query_vec: np.ndarray,
+        top_k: int,
+        min_score: float,
+        return_full_content: bool,
+    ) -> List[SearchResult]:
+        """Brute-force search using NumPy (O(N) fallback).
+
+        Args:
+            query_vec: Query vector as numpy array
+            top_k: Maximum results to return
+            min_score: Minimum similarity score (0-1)
+            return_full_content: If True, return full code block content
+
+        Returns:
+            List of SearchResult ordered by similarity (highest first)
+        """
+        logger.warning(
+            "Using brute-force vector search (hnswlib not available). "
+            "This may cause high memory usage for large indexes. "
+            "Install hnswlib for better performance: pip install hnswlib"
+        )
+
+        with self._cache_lock:
+            # Refresh cache if needed
+            if self._embedding_matrix is None:
+                if not self._refresh_cache():
+                    return []  # No data
+
+            # Vectorized cosine similarity
+            query_vec = query_vec.reshape(1, -1)
+            query_norm = np.linalg.norm(query_vec)
+            if query_norm == 0:
+                return []
+
+            # Compute all similarities at once: (N,) scores
+            # similarity = (A @ B.T) / (||A|| * ||B||)
+            dot_products = np.dot(self._embedding_matrix, query_vec.T).flatten()
+            scores = dot_products / (self._embedding_norms.flatten() * query_norm)
+
+            # Filter by min_score and get top-k indices
+            valid_mask = scores >= min_score
+            valid_indices = np.where(valid_mask)[0]
+
+            if len(valid_indices) == 0:
+                return []
+
+            # Sort by score descending and take top_k
+            valid_scores = scores[valid_indices]
+            sorted_order = np.argsort(valid_scores)[::-1][:top_k]
+            top_indices = valid_indices[sorted_order]
+            top_scores = valid_scores[sorted_order]
+
+            # Get chunk IDs for top results
+            top_ids = [self._chunk_ids[i] for i in top_indices]
+
+        # Fetch content only for top-k results (lazy loading)
+        results = self._fetch_results_by_ids(
+            top_ids, top_scores.tolist(), return_full_content
+        )
+
+        return results
+
+    def _fetch_results_by_ids(
+        self,
+        chunk_ids: List[int],
+        scores: List[float],
+        return_full_content: bool,
+    ) -> List[SearchResult]:
+        """Fetch full result data for specific chunk IDs.
+
+        Args:
+            chunk_ids: List of chunk IDs to fetch.
+            scores: Corresponding similarity scores.
+            return_full_content: Whether to include full content.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of SearchResult objects.
+        """
+        if not chunk_ids:
+            return []
+
+        # Build parameterized query for IN clause
+        placeholders = ",".join("?" * len(chunk_ids))
+        query = f"""
+            SELECT id, file_path, content, metadata
+            FROM semantic_chunks
+            WHERE id IN ({placeholders})
+        """
+
+        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
+            conn.execute("PRAGMA mmap_size = 30000000000")
+            rows = conn.execute(query, chunk_ids).fetchall()
+
+        # Build ID -> row mapping
+        id_to_row = {r[0]: r for r in rows}
+
+        results = []
+        for chunk_id, score in zip(chunk_ids, scores):
+            row = id_to_row.get(chunk_id)
+            if not row:
+                continue
+
+            _, file_path, content, metadata_json = row
+            metadata = json.loads(metadata_json) if metadata_json else {}
+
+            # Build excerpt (short preview)
+            excerpt = content[:200] + "..." if len(content) > 200 else content
+
+            # Extract symbol information from metadata
+            symbol_name = metadata.get("symbol_name")
+            symbol_kind = metadata.get("symbol_kind")
+            start_line = metadata.get("start_line")
+            end_line = metadata.get("end_line")
+
+            # Build Symbol object if we have symbol info
+            symbol = None
+            if symbol_name and symbol_kind and start_line and end_line:
+                try:
+                    from codexlens.entities import Symbol
+                    symbol = Symbol(
+                        name=symbol_name,
+                        kind=symbol_kind,
+                        range=(start_line, end_line)
+                    )
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+
+            results.append(SearchResult(
+                path=file_path,
+                score=score,
+                excerpt=excerpt,
+                content=content if return_full_content else None,
+                symbol=symbol,
+                metadata=metadata,
+                start_line=start_line,
+                end_line=end_line,
+                symbol_name=symbol_name,
+                symbol_kind=symbol_kind,
+            ))
+
+        return results
+
+    def count_chunks(self) -> int:
+        """Count total chunks in store."""
+        with sqlite3.connect(self.db_path) as conn:
+            row = conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM semantic_chunks").fetchone()
+            return row[0] if row else 0
+
+    def clear_cache(self) -> None:
+        """Manually clear the embedding cache."""
+        self._invalidate_cache()
+
+    @property
+    def ann_available(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if ANN index is available and ready."""
+        return (
+            HNSWLIB_AVAILABLE
+            and self._ann_index is not None
+            and self._ann_index.is_loaded
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def ann_count(self) -> int:
+        """Get number of vectors in ANN index."""
+        if self._ann_index is not None:
+            return self._ann_index.count()
+        return 0
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        """Close the vector store and release resources.
+
+        This ensures SQLite connections are closed and ANN index is cleared,
+        allowing temporary files to be deleted on Windows.
+        """
+        with self._cache_lock:
+            self._embedding_matrix = None
+            self._embedding_norms = None
+            self._chunk_ids = None
+
+        with self._ann_write_lock:
+            self._ann_index = None
+
+    def __enter__(self) -> "VectorStore":
+        """Context manager entry."""
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb) -> None:
+        """Context manager exit - close resources."""
+        self.close()