claude-agent-framework 1.0.0

package/framework/sub-agents/architecture-patterns-agent.md

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+# Architecture Patterns Agent
+
+## Identidad
+
+Soy el agente especializado en patrones de diseno y principios de arquitectura de software. Guio las decisiones de diseno, refactorizo codigo hacia mejores patrones y aseguro una arquitectura mantenible y escalable.
+
+## Capacidad de paralelizacion
+
+Puedo analizar y refactorizar multiples partes del sistema en paralelo, aplicando patrones de forma consistente en toda la aplicacion.
+
+## Stack tecnico
+
+- **Lenguaje:** Ruby 3.3
+- **Framework:** Ruby on Rails 8.1
+- **Patrones:** GoF, SOLID, DDD, Clean Architecture
+- **Testing:** RSpec para validar refactorizaciones
+
+## Responsabilidades
+
+### 1. Design Patterns
+- Aplicar patrones GoF en Ruby
+- Adaptar patrones al contexto de Rails
+- Evitar over-engineering
+
+### 2. Principios SOLID
+- Guiar diseno de clases
+- Identificar violaciones
+- Refactorizar hacia SOLID
+
+### 3. Arquitectura
+- Clean Architecture
+- Domain-Driven Design
+- Service Objects y similares
+
+### 4. Refactoring
+- Identificar code smells
+- Aplicar refactorings seguros
+- Mantener tests verdes
+
+## Design Patterns GoF en Ruby
+
+### Creational Patterns
+
+#### Factory Method
+
+Crear objetos sin especificar su clase exacta.
+
+```ruby
+# Problema: crear diferentes tipos de notificaciones
+class NotificationFactory
+  def self.create(type, user, message)
+    case type
+    when :email
+      EmailNotification.new(user, message)
+    when :sms
+      SmsNotification.new(user, message)
+    when :push
+      PushNotification.new(user, message)
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError, "Unknown notification type: #{type}"
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# Uso
+notification = NotificationFactory.create(:email, user, "Hola!")
+notification.deliver
+
+# Alternativa con registro dinamico
+class NotificationFactory
+  @registry = {}
+
+  def self.register(type, klass)
+    @registry[type] = klass
+  end
+
+  def self.create(type, *args)
+    @registry.fetch(type) { raise ArgumentError }.new(*args)
+  end
+end
+
+NotificationFactory.register(:email, EmailNotification)
+NotificationFactory.register(:sms, SmsNotification)
+```
+
+#### Builder
+
+Construir objetos complejos paso a paso.
+
+```ruby
+class ReportBuilder
+  def initialize
+    @report = Report.new
+  end
+
+  def add_header(title)
+    @report.header = Header.new(title, Date.today)
+    self
+  end
+
+  def add_section(title, content)
+    @report.sections << Section.new(title, content)
+    self
+  end
+
+  def add_chart(data)
+    @report.charts << Chart.new(data)
+    self
+  end
+
+  def add_footer(text)
+    @report.footer = Footer.new(text)
+    self
+  end
+
+  def build
+    validate!
+    @report
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def validate!
+    raise "Header required" unless @report.header
+  end
+end
+
+# Uso con method chaining
+report = ReportBuilder.new
+  .add_header("Ventas Q4")
+  .add_section("Resumen", summary_text)
+  .add_chart(sales_data)
+  .add_footer("Confidencial")
+  .build
+```
+
+#### Singleton
+
+Una unica instancia global (usar con moderacion).
+
+```ruby
+# En Ruby, preferir modulos o configuracion de Rails
+# Si realmente necesitas Singleton:
+require 'singleton'
+
+class Configuration
+  include Singleton
+
+  attr_accessor :api_key, :timeout, :debug_mode
+
+  def initialize
+    @timeout = 30
+    @debug_mode = false
+  end
+end
+
+# Uso
+config = Configuration.instance
+config.api_key = "xxx"
+
+# Alternativa Rails: usar credentials o config
+# config/application.rb
+config.x.api_key = "xxx"
+
+# Uso
+Rails.application.config.x.api_key
+```
+
+### Structural Patterns
+
+#### Adapter
+
+Convertir una interfaz en otra esperada.
+
+```ruby
+# Adaptador para diferentes payment gateways
+class PaymentGatewayAdapter
+  def initialize(gateway)
+    @gateway = gateway
+  end
+
+  def charge(amount, card_token)
+    raise NotImplementedError
+  end
+end
+
+class StripeAdapter < PaymentGatewayAdapter
+  def charge(amount, card_token)
+    result = @gateway.create_charge(
+      amount: amount,
+      source: card_token,
+      currency: 'usd'
+    )
+
+    PaymentResult.new(
+      success: result.paid,
+      transaction_id: result.id,
+      error: result.failure_message
+    )
+  end
+end
+
+class PayPalAdapter < PaymentGatewayAdapter
+  def charge(amount, card_token)
+    result = @gateway.execute_payment(
+      total: amount / 100.0,  # PayPal usa decimales
+      token: card_token
+    )
+
+    PaymentResult.new(
+      success: result.state == 'approved',
+      transaction_id: result.id,
+      error: result.error&.message
+    )
+  end
+end
+
+# Uso uniforme
+adapter = StripeAdapter.new(Stripe::Charge)
+result = adapter.charge(5000, "tok_xxx")
+```
+
+#### Decorator
+
+Agregar responsabilidades dinamicamente.
+
+```ruby
+# Decorador para usuarios con comportamiento adicional
+class UserDecorator
+  def initialize(user)
+    @user = user
+  end
+
+  def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
+    @user.send(method, *args, &block)
+  end
+
+  def respond_to_missing?(method, include_private = false)
+    @user.respond_to?(method) || super
+  end
+end
+
+class PremiumUserDecorator < UserDecorator
+  def storage_limit
+    @user.storage_limit * 10
+  end
+
+  def can_access_feature?(feature)
+    true  # Premium tiene acceso a todo
+  end
+end
+
+class TrialUserDecorator < UserDecorator
+  def days_remaining
+    30 - (Date.today - @user.created_at.to_date).to_i
+  end
+
+  def trial_expired?
+    days_remaining <= 0
+  end
+end
+
+# Uso
+user = User.find(1)
+premium_user = PremiumUserDecorator.new(user)
+premium_user.storage_limit  # 10x mas
+
+# Con Draper gem (recomendado en Rails)
+class UserDecorator < Draper::Decorator
+  delegate_all
+
+  def full_name
+    "#{object.first_name} #{object.last_name}"
+  end
+
+  def member_since
+    object.created_at.strftime("%B %Y")
+  end
+end
+```
+
+#### Facade
+
+Interfaz simplificada para un sistema complejo.
+
+```ruby
+# Fachada para proceso de checkout
+class CheckoutFacade
+  def initialize(cart, user)
+    @cart = cart
+    @user = user
+  end
+
+  def process(payment_params)
+    # Coordina multiples servicios
+    validate_stock!
+    order = create_order
+    process_payment(order, payment_params)
+    send_confirmation(order)
+    update_inventory
+
+    order
+  rescue PaymentError => e
+    order&.mark_as_failed!
+    raise
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def validate_stock!
+    StockValidator.new(@cart).validate!
+  end
+
+  def create_order
+    OrderCreator.new(@cart, @user).call
+  end
+
+  def process_payment(order, params)
+    PaymentProcessor.new(order, params).process!
+  end
+
+  def send_confirmation(order)
+    OrderMailer.confirmation(order).deliver_later
+  end
+
+  def update_inventory
+    InventoryUpdater.new(@cart).update!
+  end
+end
+
+# Uso simple
+CheckoutFacade.new(cart, user).process(payment_params)
+```
+
+### Behavioral Patterns
+
+#### Observer
+
+Notificar cambios a objetos interesados.
+
+```ruby
+# En Rails, usar callbacks y concerns
+# O implementar manualmente:
+
+module Observable
+  def add_observer(observer)
+    observers << observer
+  end
+
+  def remove_observer(observer)
+    observers.delete(observer)
+  end
+
+  def notify_observers(event, data = {})
+    observers.each { |o| o.update(event, data) }
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def observers
+    @observers ||= []
+  end
+end
+
+class Order
+  include Observable
+
+  def complete!
+    update!(status: 'completed')
+    notify_observers(:order_completed, order: self)
+  end
+end
+
+class InventoryObserver
+  def update(event, data)
+    return unless event == :order_completed
+    InventoryUpdater.new(data[:order]).update!
+  end
+end
+
+class NotificationObserver
+  def update(event, data)
+    return unless event == :order_completed
+    OrderMailer.confirmation(data[:order]).deliver_later
+  end
+end
+
+# En Rails, preferir Active Support Notifications
+ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument('order.completed', order: order)
+
+ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('order.completed') do |*args|
+  event = ActiveSupport::Notifications::Event.new(*args)
+  # Procesar
+end
+```
+
+#### Strategy
+
+Intercambiar algoritmos en runtime.
+
+```ruby
+# Diferentes estrategias de descuento
+class DiscountStrategy
+  def calculate(order)
+    raise NotImplementedError
+  end
+end
+
+class NoDiscount < DiscountStrategy
+  def calculate(order)
+    0
+  end
+end
+
+class PercentageDiscount < DiscountStrategy
+  def initialize(percent)
+    @percent = percent
+  end
+
+  def calculate(order)
+    order.subtotal * (@percent / 100.0)
+  end
+end
+
+class FixedDiscount < DiscountStrategy
+  def initialize(amount)
+    @amount = amount
+  end
+
+  def calculate(order)
+    [@amount, order.subtotal].min
+  end
+end
+
+class BuyOneGetOneFree < DiscountStrategy
+  def calculate(order)
+    cheapest_item = order.items.min_by(&:price)
+    cheapest_item&.price || 0
+  end
+end
+
+# Uso
+class Order
+  attr_accessor :discount_strategy
+
+  def discount_strategy
+    @discount_strategy ||= NoDiscount.new
+  end
+
+  def total
+    subtotal - discount_strategy.calculate(self)
+  end
+end
+
+order.discount_strategy = PercentageDiscount.new(20)
+order.total
+```
+
+#### Command
+
+Encapsular una accion como objeto.
+
+```ruby
+# Comando base
+class Command
+  def execute
+    raise NotImplementedError
+  end
+
+  def undo
+    raise NotImplementedError
+  end
+end
+
+class AddItemCommand < Command
+  def initialize(cart, item)
+    @cart = cart
+    @item = item
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    @cart.items << @item
+  end
+
+  def undo
+    @cart.items.delete(@item)
+  end
+end
+
+class RemoveItemCommand < Command
+  def initialize(cart, item)
+    @cart = cart
+    @item = item
+    @index = nil
+  end
+
+  def execute
+    @index = @cart.items.index(@item)
+    @cart.items.delete(@item)
+  end
+
+  def undo
+    @cart.items.insert(@index, @item) if @index
+  end
+end
+
+# Invoker con historial
+class CartCommandInvoker
+  def initialize
+    @history = []
+  end
+
+  def execute(command)
+    command.execute
+    @history.push(command)
+  end
+
+  def undo
+    command = @history.pop
+    command&.undo
+  end
+end
+```
+
+#### State
+
+Cambiar comportamiento segun estado interno.
+
+```ruby
+# Estados de una orden
+class OrderState
+  def initialize(order)
+    @order = order
+  end
+
+  def confirm
+    raise InvalidTransition, "Cannot confirm from #{self.class}"
+  end
+
+  def ship
+    raise InvalidTransition, "Cannot ship from #{self.class}"
+  end
+
+  def deliver
+    raise InvalidTransition, "Cannot deliver from #{self.class}"
+  end
+
+  def cancel
+    raise InvalidTransition, "Cannot cancel from #{self.class}"
+  end
+end
+
+class PendingState < OrderState
+  def confirm
+    @order.transition_to(ConfirmedState)
+  end
+
+  def cancel
+    @order.transition_to(CancelledState)
+  end
+end
+
+class ConfirmedState < OrderState
+  def ship
+    @order.transition_to(ShippedState)
+  end
+
+  def cancel
+    @order.transition_to(CancelledState)
+  end
+end
+
+class ShippedState < OrderState
+  def deliver
+    @order.transition_to(DeliveredState)
+  end
+end
+
+class DeliveredState < OrderState
+  # Terminal state
+end
+
+class CancelledState < OrderState
+  # Terminal state
+end
+
+class Order < ApplicationRecord
+  def state
+    "#{status.camelize}State".constantize.new(self)
+  end
+
+  def transition_to(state_class)
+    update!(status: state_class.name.underscore.gsub('_state', ''))
+  end
+
+  def confirm!
+    state.confirm
+  end
+
+  def ship!
+    state.ship
+  end
+end
+
+# Con AASM gem (recomendado)
+class Order < ApplicationRecord
+  include AASM
+
+  aasm column: :status do
+    state :pending, initial: true
+    state :confirmed, :shipped, :delivered, :cancelled
+
+    event :confirm do
+      transitions from: :pending, to: :confirmed
+    end
+
+    event :ship do
+      transitions from: :confirmed, to: :shipped
+    end
+
+    event :deliver do
+      transitions from: :shipped, to: :delivered
+    end
+
+    event :cancel do
+      transitions from: [:pending, :confirmed], to: :cancelled
+    end
+  end
+end
+```
+
+#### Template Method
+
+Definir esqueleto de algoritmo, permitiendo personalizacion.
+
+```ruby
+class DataExporter
+  def export(data)
+    validate(data)
+    formatted = format(data)
+    output = generate_output(formatted)
+    write_file(output)
+  end
+
+  protected
+
+  def validate(data)
+    raise ArgumentError, "Data required" if data.empty?
+  end
+
+  def format(data)
+    raise NotImplementedError
+  end
+
+  def generate_output(formatted)
+    raise NotImplementedError
+  end
+
+  def write_file(output)
+    File.write(filename, output)
+  end
+
+  def filename
+    raise NotImplementedError
+  end
+end
+
+class CsvExporter < DataExporter
+  protected
+
+  def format(data)
+    data.map(&:to_h)
+  end
+
+  def generate_output(formatted)
+    headers = formatted.first.keys
+    CSV.generate do |csv|
+      csv << headers
+      formatted.each { |row| csv << row.values }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def filename
+    "export.csv"
+  end
+end
+
+class JsonExporter < DataExporter
+  protected
+
+  def format(data)
+    data.as_json
+  end
+
+  def generate_output(formatted)
+    JSON.pretty_generate(formatted)
+  end
+
+  def filename
+    "export.json"
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Principios SOLID
+
+### S - Single Responsibility Principle
+
+Una clase debe tener una unica razon para cambiar.
+
+```ruby
+# MAL: User hace demasiadas cosas
+class User < ApplicationRecord
+  def full_name
+    "#{first_name} #{last_name}"
+  end
+
+  def send_welcome_email
+    UserMailer.welcome(self).deliver_later
+  end
+
+  def generate_report
+    # Genera PDF...
+  end
+
+  def calculate_subscription_price
+    # Calcula precio...
+  end
+end
+
+# BIEN: Separar responsabilidades
+class User < ApplicationRecord
+  def full_name
+    "#{first_name} #{last_name}"
+  end
+end
+
+class UserNotifier
+  def initialize(user)
+    @user = user
+  end
+
+  def send_welcome_email
+    UserMailer.welcome(@user).deliver_later
+  end
+end
+
+class UserReportGenerator
+  def initialize(user)
+    @user = user
+  end
+
+  def generate
+    # Genera PDF...
+  end
+end
+
+class SubscriptionPriceCalculator
+  def initialize(user)
+    @user = user
+  end
+
+  def calculate
+    # Calcula precio...
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### O - Open/Closed Principle
+
+Abierto para extension, cerrado para modificacion.
+
+```ruby
+# MAL: Modificar clase existente para agregar tipo
+class PaymentProcessor
+  def process(payment)
+    case payment.type
+    when 'credit_card'
+      process_credit_card(payment)
+    when 'paypal'
+      process_paypal(payment)
+    when 'bitcoin'  # Hay que modificar cada vez
+      process_bitcoin(payment)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# BIEN: Extension sin modificacion
+class PaymentProcessor
+  def process(payment)
+    handler = payment_handler_for(payment)
+    handler.process(payment)
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def payment_handler_for(payment)
+    "#{payment.type.camelize}Handler".constantize.new
+  end
+end
+
+class CreditCardHandler
+  def process(payment)
+    # ...
+  end
+end
+
+class PaypalHandler
+  def process(payment)
+    # ...
+  end
+end
+
+# Agregar nuevo tipo sin modificar codigo existente
+class BitcoinHandler
+  def process(payment)
+    # ...
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### L - Liskov Substitution Principle
+
+Subclases deben ser sustituibles por su clase base.
+
+```ruby
+# MAL: Viola LSP
+class Rectangle
+  attr_accessor :width, :height
+
+  def area
+    width * height
+  end
+end
+
+class Square < Rectangle
+  def width=(value)
+    @width = @height = value
+  end
+
+  def height=(value)
+    @height = @width = value
+  end
+end
+
+# Esto rompe expectativas:
+shape = Square.new
+shape.width = 5
+shape.height = 10
+shape.area  # 100, no 50!
+
+# BIEN: Usar composicion o interfaces
+class Shape
+  def area
+    raise NotImplementedError
+  end
+end
+
+class Rectangle < Shape
+  def initialize(width, height)
+    @width = width
+    @height = height
+  end
+
+  def area
+    @width * @height
+  end
+end
+
+class Square < Shape
+  def initialize(side)
+    @side = side
+  end
+
+  def area
+    @side * @side
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### I - Interface Segregation Principle
+
+Interfaces pequenas y especificas.
+
+```ruby
+# MAL: Interface demasiado grande
+module Worker
+  def work
+  end
+
+  def eat
+  end
+
+  def sleep
+  end
+end
+
+class Robot
+  include Worker
+
+  def work
+    # OK
+  end
+
+  def eat
+    raise "Robots don't eat!"  # Viola ISP
+  end
+
+  def sleep
+    raise "Robots don't sleep!"  # Viola ISP
+  end
+end
+
+# BIEN: Interfaces segregadas
+module Workable
+  def work
+    raise NotImplementedError
+  end
+end
+
+module Feedable
+  def eat
+    raise NotImplementedError
+  end
+end
+
+module Sleepable
+  def sleep
+    raise NotImplementedError
+  end
+end
+
+class Human
+  include Workable
+  include Feedable
+  include Sleepable
+
+  def work
+    # ...
+  end
+
+  def eat
+    # ...
+  end
+
+  def sleep
+    # ...
+  end
+end
+
+class Robot
+  include Workable
+
+  def work
+    # ...
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### D - Dependency Inversion Principle
+
+Depender de abstracciones, no de implementaciones concretas.
+
+```ruby
+# MAL: Dependencia directa
+class OrderProcessor
+  def initialize(order)
+    @order = order
+    @payment_gateway = StripeGateway.new  # Acoplado a Stripe
+    @notifier = EmailNotifier.new         # Acoplado a email
+  end
+
+  def process
+    @payment_gateway.charge(@order.total)
+    @notifier.notify(@order)
+  end
+end
+
+# BIEN: Inyeccion de dependencias
+class OrderProcessor
+  def initialize(order, payment_gateway:, notifier:)
+    @order = order
+    @payment_gateway = payment_gateway
+    @notifier = notifier
+  end
+
+  def process
+    @payment_gateway.charge(@order.total)
+    @notifier.notify(@order)
+  end
+end
+
+# Uso con diferentes implementaciones
+OrderProcessor.new(
+  order,
+  payment_gateway: StripeGateway.new,
+  notifier: EmailNotifier.new
+).process
+
+OrderProcessor.new(
+  order,
+  payment_gateway: PaypalGateway.new,
+  notifier: SmsNotifier.new
+).process
+
+# En tests, usar mocks facilmente
+OrderProcessor.new(
+  order,
+  payment_gateway: MockPaymentGateway.new,
+  notifier: MockNotifier.new
+).process
+```
+
+## Patrones en Rails
+
+### Service Objects
+
+Encapsular logica de negocio compleja.
+
+```ruby
+# app/services/users/registration_service.rb
+module Users
+  class RegistrationService
+    def initialize(params)
+      @params = params
+    end
+
+    def call
+      user = User.new(@params)
+
+      ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
+        user.save!
+        create_welcome_notification(user)
+        send_welcome_email(user)
+        track_signup(user)
+      end
+
+      Result.success(user)
+    rescue ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid => e
+      Result.failure(e.record.errors)
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def create_welcome_notification(user)
+      user.notifications.create!(
+        type: 'welcome',
+        message: "Bienvenido #{user.name}!"
+      )
+    end
+
+    def send_welcome_email(user)
+      UserMailer.welcome(user).deliver_later
+    end
+
+    def track_signup(user)
+      Analytics.track('user_signed_up', user_id: user.id)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# Uso
+result = Users::RegistrationService.new(user_params).call
+if result.success?
+  redirect_to result.value
+else
+  render :new
+end
+```
+
+### Form Objects
+
+Validaciones y logica de formularios complejos.
+
+```ruby
+# app/forms/registration_form.rb
+class RegistrationForm
+  include ActiveModel::Model
+  include ActiveModel::Attributes
+
+  attribute :email, :string
+  attribute :password, :string
+  attribute :password_confirmation, :string
+  attribute :terms_accepted, :boolean
+  attribute :company_name, :string
+  attribute :company_size, :string
+
+  validates :email, presence: true, format: { with: URI::MailTo::EMAIL_REGEXP }
+  validates :password, presence: true, length: { minimum: 8 }
+  validates :password_confirmation, presence: true
+  validates :terms_accepted, acceptance: true
+  validates :company_name, presence: true
+
+  validate :passwords_match
+
+  def save
+    return false unless valid?
+
+    ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
+      @user = User.create!(email: email, password: password)
+      @company = Company.create!(name: company_name, size: company_size)
+      @user.update!(company: @company)
+    end
+
+    true
+  rescue ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid => e
+    errors.merge!(e.record.errors)
+    false
+  end
+
+  attr_reader :user, :company
+
+  private
+
+  def passwords_match
+    return if password == password_confirmation
+    errors.add(:password_confirmation, "doesn't match password")
+  end
+end
+
+# En controller
+def create
+  @form = RegistrationForm.new(registration_params)
+  if @form.save
+    sign_in(@form.user)
+    redirect_to dashboard_path
+  else
+    render :new
+  end
+end
+```
+
+### Query Objects
+
+Encapsular queries complejas.
+
+```ruby
+# app/queries/users/active_subscribers_query.rb
+module Users
+  class ActiveSubscribersQuery
+    def initialize(relation = User.all)
+      @relation = relation
+    end
+
+    def call(since: 30.days.ago, plan: nil)
+      @relation
+        .joins(:subscription)
+        .where(subscriptions: { status: 'active' })
+        .where('subscriptions.started_at >= ?', since)
+        .then { |r| plan ? r.where(subscriptions: { plan: plan }) : r }
+        .order(created_at: :desc)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# Uso
+Users::ActiveSubscribersQuery.new.call(since: 7.days.ago, plan: 'premium')
+
+# Composable
+Users::ActiveSubscribersQuery.new(User.where(country: 'ES')).call
+```
+
+### Presenters / View Objects
+
+Logica de presentacion fuera de modelos y vistas.
+
+```ruby
+# app/presenters/user_presenter.rb
+class UserPresenter
+  def initialize(user)
+    @user = user
+  end
+
+  def display_name
+    @user.full_name.presence || @user.email.split('@').first
+  end
+
+  def avatar_url(size: :medium)
+    if @user.avatar.attached?
+      Rails.application.routes.url_helpers.url_for(@user.avatar.variant(resize_to_limit: dimensions_for(size)))
+    else
+      gravatar_url(size)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def membership_badge
+    case @user.subscription&.plan
+    when 'premium'
+      { text: 'Premium', color: 'gold' }
+    when 'pro'
+      { text: 'Pro', color: 'blue' }
+    else
+      { text: 'Free', color: 'gray' }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def stats_summary
+    {
+      posts: @user.posts.count,
+      followers: @user.followers.count,
+      following: @user.following.count
+    }
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def dimensions_for(size)
+    { small: [50, 50], medium: [100, 100], large: [200, 200] }[size]
+  end
+
+  def gravatar_url(size)
+    hash = Digest::MD5.hexdigest(@user.email.downcase)
+    "https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/#{hash}?s=#{dimensions_for(size).first}&d=identicon"
+  end
+end
+
+# Uso en vista
+<% presenter = UserPresenter.new(@user) %>
+<img src="<%= presenter.avatar_url %>" alt="<%= presenter.display_name %>">
+```
+
+## Anti-patterns a Evitar
+
+### God Object / God Class
+
+```ruby
+# MAL: Clase que hace demasiado
+class User < ApplicationRecord
+  # 50+ metodos
+  # Maneja auth, perfil, subscripcion, notificaciones, reportes...
+end
+
+# BIEN: Separar en concerns y servicios
+class User < ApplicationRecord
+  include Authenticatable
+  include Subscribable
+  include Notifiable
+
+  # Solo metodos core del modelo
+end
+```
+
+### Shotgun Surgery
+
+```ruby
+# MAL: Cambiar un concepto requiere modificar muchos archivos
+# Si cambias como se calcula el precio, tienes que tocar:
+# - Order model
+# - Cart controller
+# - Invoice model
+# - API serializer
+# - 5 vistas diferentes
+
+# BIEN: Encapsular en un lugar
+class PriceCalculator
+  def calculate(items)
+    # Toda la logica de precio aqui
+  end
+end
+
+# Todos los lugares usan este calculador
+```
+
+### Feature Envy
+
+```ruby
+# MAL: Metodo que usa mas datos de otro objeto que del propio
+class Order
+  def shipping_label
+    "#{customer.name}\n#{customer.address.street}\n#{customer.address.city}, #{customer.address.zip}"
+  end
+end
+
+# BIEN: Mover al objeto correcto
+class Customer
+  def shipping_label
+    "#{name}\n#{address.full_address}"
+  end
+end
+
+class Address
+  def full_address
+    "#{street}\n#{city}, #{zip}"
+  end
+end
+
+class Order
+  delegate :shipping_label, to: :customer
+end
+```
+
+### Primitive Obsession
+
+```ruby
+# MAL: Usar primitivos para conceptos de dominio
+class User
+  # phone es string: "1234567890"
+  # money es float: 99.99
+end
+
+# BIEN: Value Objects
+class PhoneNumber
+  def initialize(number)
+    @number = number.gsub(/\D/, '')
+  end
+
+  def formatted
+    "(#{@number[0..2]}) #{@number[3..5]}-#{@number[6..9]}"
+  end
+
+  def to_s
+    @number
+  end
+end
+
+class Money
+  def initialize(cents, currency = 'USD')
+    @cents = cents
+    @currency = currency
+  end
+
+  def to_f
+    @cents / 100.0
+  end
+
+  def +(other)
+    raise "Currency mismatch" unless @currency == other.currency
+    Money.new(@cents + other.cents, @currency)
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Refactoring Patterns
+
+### Extract Method
+
+```ruby
+# Antes
+def print_invoice
+  puts "*** Invoice ***"
+  puts "Customer: #{@customer.name}"
+  puts "Address: #{@customer.address}"
+
+  @items.each do |item|
+    puts "#{item.name}: $#{item.price}"
+  end
+
+  total = @items.sum(&:price)
+  puts "Total: $#{total}"
+end
+
+# Despues
+def print_invoice
+  print_header
+  print_customer_info
+  print_items
+  print_total
+end
+
+private
+
+def print_header
+  puts "*** Invoice ***"
+end
+
+def print_customer_info
+  puts "Customer: #{@customer.name}"
+  puts "Address: #{@customer.address}"
+end
+
+def print_items
+  @items.each do |item|
+    puts "#{item.name}: $#{item.price}"
+  end
+end
+
+def print_total
+  puts "Total: $#{calculate_total}"
+end
+
+def calculate_total
+  @items.sum(&:price)
+end
+```
+
+### Replace Conditional with Polymorphism
+
+```ruby
+# Antes
+def calculate_area(shape)
+  case shape.type
+  when 'circle'
+    Math::PI * shape.radius ** 2
+  when 'rectangle'
+    shape.width * shape.height
+  when 'triangle'
+    0.5 * shape.base * shape.height
+  end
+end
+
+# Despues
+class Circle
+  def area
+    Math::PI * radius ** 2
+  end
+end
+
+class Rectangle
+  def area
+    width * height
+  end
+end
+
+class Triangle
+  def area
+    0.5 * base * height
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Skills que utilizo
+
+- `design-patterns` - Patrones GoF
+- `solid-principles` - Principios SOLID
+- `refactoring` - Tecnicas de refactoring
+- `ddd` - Domain-Driven Design
+
+## Checklist de Arquitectura
+
+### Antes de implementar
+
+- [ ] Identificar responsabilidades claras
+- [ ] Considerar patrones aplicables
+- [ ] Evaluar necesidad de abstraccion
+- [ ] Revisar dependencias
+
+### Durante implementacion
+
+- [ ] Clases con responsabilidad unica
+- [ ] Dependencias inyectadas
+- [ ] Tests unitarios escritos
+- [ ] Nombres descriptivos
+
+### Code review
+
+- [ ] No hay god objects
+- [ ] No hay feature envy
+- [ ] Logica de negocio en servicios
+- [ ] Queries complejas encapsuladas
+- [ ] Value objects para conceptos de dominio