chrome-devtools-mcp 0.5.1 → 0.6.1

package/README.md

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ control and inspect a live Chrome browser. It acts as a Model-Context-Protocol
 (MCP) server, giving your AI coding assistant access to the full power of
 Chrome DevTools for reliable automation, in-depth debugging, and performance analysis.
 
+## [Tool reference](./docs/tool-reference.md) | [Changelog](./CHANGELOG.md) | [Contributing](./CONTRIBUTING.md) | [Troubleshooting](./docs/troubleshooting.md)
+
 ## Key features
 
 - **Get performance insights**: Uses [Chrome
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ MCP clients.
 
 ## Requirements
 
-- [Node.js 20](https://nodejs.org/) or a newer [latest maintainance LTS](https://github.com/nodejs/Release#release-schedule) version.
+- [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/) v20.19 or a newer [latest maintenance LTS](https://github.com/nodejs/Release#release-schedule) version.
 - [Chrome](https://www.google.com/chrome/) current stable version or newer.
 - [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/).
 
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ Add the following config to your MCP client:
   "mcpServers": {
     "chrome-devtools": {
       "command": "npx",
-      "args": ["chrome-devtools-mcp@latest"]
+      "args": ["-y", "chrome-devtools-mcp@latest"]
     }
   }
 }
@@ -94,6 +96,30 @@ startup_timeout_ms = 20_000
 
 </details>
 
+<details>
+  <summary>Copilot CLI</summary>
+
+Start Copilot CLI:
+
+```
+copilot
+```
+
+Start the dialog to add a new MCP server by running:
+
+```
+/mcp add
+```
+
+Configure the following fields and press `CTR-S` to save the configuration:
+
+- **Server name:** `chrome-devtools`
+- **Server Type:** `[1] Local`
+- **Command:** `npx`
+- **Arguments:** `-y, chrome-devtools-mcp@latest`
+
+</details>
+
 <details>
   <summary>Copilot / VS Code</summary>
   Follow the MCP install <a href="https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/copilot/chat/mcp-servers#_add-an-mcp-server">guide</a>,
@@ -109,7 +135,7 @@ startup_timeout_ms = 20_000
 
 **Click the button to install:**
 
-[<img src="https://cursor.com/deeplink/mcp-install-dark.svg" alt="Install in Cursor">](https://cursor.com/en/install-mcp?name=chrome-devtools&config=eyJjb21tYW5kIjoibnB4IGNocm9tZS1kZXZ0b29scy1tY3BAbGF0ZXN0In0%3D)
+[<img src="https://cursor.com/deeplink/mcp-install-dark.svg" alt="Install in Cursor">](https://cursor.com/en/install-mcp?name=chrome-devtools&config=eyJjb21tYW5kIjoibnB4IC15IGNocm9tZS1kZXZ0b29scy1tY3BAbGF0ZXN0In0%3D)
 
 **Or install manually:**
 
@@ -151,6 +177,21 @@ The same way chrome-devtools-mcp can be configured for JetBrains Junie in `Setti
 
 </details>
 
+<details>
+  <summary>Visual Studio</summary>
+  
+  **Click the button to install:**
+  
+  [<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Visual_Studio-Install-C16FDE?logo=visualstudio&logoColor=white" alt="Install in Visual Studio">](https://vs-open.link/mcp-install?%7B%22name%22%3A%22chrome-devtools%22%2C%22command%22%3A%22npx%22%2C%22args%22%3A%5B%22chrome-devtools-mcp%40latest%22%5D%7D)
+</details>
+
+<details>
+  <summary>Warp</summary>
+
+Go to `Settings | AI | Manage MCP Servers` -> `+ Add` to [add an MCP Server](https://docs.warp.dev/knowledge-and-collaboration/mcp#adding-an-mcp-server). Use the config provided above.
+
+</details>
+
 ### Your first prompt
 
 Enter the following prompt in your MCP Client to check if everything is working:
@@ -166,6 +207,8 @@ Your MCP client should open the browser and record a performance trace.
 
 ## Tools
 
+If you run into any issues, checkout our [troubleshooting guide](./docs/troubleshooting.md).
+
 <!-- BEGIN AUTO GENERATED TOOLS -->
 
 - **Input automation** (7 tools)
@@ -236,6 +279,18 @@ The Chrome DevTools MCP server supports the following configuration option:
   Path to a file to write debug logs to. Set the env variable `DEBUG` to `*` to enable verbose logs. Useful for submitting bug reports.
   - **Type:** string
 
+- **`--viewport`**
+  Initial viewport size for the Chrome instances started by the server. For example, `1280x720`. In headless mode, max size is 3840x2160px.
+  - **Type:** string
+
+- **`--proxyServer`**
+  Proxy server configuration for Chrome passed as --proxy-server when launching the browser. See https://www.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/network-settings/ for details.
+  - **Type:** string
+
+- **`--acceptInsecureCerts`**
+  If enabled, ignores errors relative to self-signed and expired certificates. Use with caution.
+  - **Type:** boolean
+
 <!-- END AUTO GENERATED OPTIONS -->
 
 Pass them via the `args` property in the JSON configuration. For example:
@@ -265,8 +320,8 @@ You can also run `npx chrome-devtools-mcp@latest --help` to see all available co
 `chrome-devtools-mcp` starts a Chrome's stable channel instance using the following user
 data directory:
 
-- Linux / MacOS: `$HOME/.cache/chrome-devtools-mcp/chrome-profile-$CHANNEL`
-- Window: `%HOMEPATH%/.cache/chrome-devtools-mcp/chrome-profile-$CHANNEL`
+- Linux / macOS: `$HOME/.cache/chrome-devtools-mcp/chrome-profile-$CHANNEL`
+- Windows: `%HOMEPATH%/.cache/chrome-devtools-mcp/chrome-profile-$CHANNEL`
 
 The user data directory is not cleared between runs and shared across
 all instances of `chrome-devtools-mcp`. Set the `isolated` option to `true`

package/build/node_modules/chrome-devtools-frontend/front_end/core/common/Color.js

@@ -32,11 +32,13 @@
 import * as Platform from '../platform/platform.js';
 import { ColorConverter } from './ColorConverter.js';
 import { blendColors, contrastRatioAPCA, desiredLuminanceAPCA, luminance, luminanceAPCA, rgbToHsl, rgbToHwb, } from './ColorUtils.js';
-// <hue> is defined as a <number> or <angle>
-// and we hold this in degrees. However, after
-// the conversions, these degrees can result in
-// negative values. That's why we normalize the hue to be
-// between [0 - 360].
+/**
+ * <hue> is defined as a <number> or <angle>
+ * and we hold this in degrees. However, after
+ * the conversions, these degrees can result in
+ * negative values. That's why we normalize the hue to be
+ * between [0 - 360].
+ **/
 function normalizeHue(hue) {
     // Even though it is highly unlikely, hue can be
     // very negative like -400. The initial modulo
@@ -44,9 +46,11 @@ function normalizeHue(hue) {
     // negative, it is between [-360, 0].
     return ((hue % 360) + 360) % 360;
 }
-// Parses angle in the form of
-// `<angle>deg`, `<angle>turn`, `<angle>grad and `<angle>rad`
-// and returns the canonicalized `degree`.
+/**
+ * Parses angle in the form of
+ * `<angle>deg`, `<angle>turn`, `<angle>grad and `<angle>rad`
+ * and returns the canonicalized `degree`.
+ **/
 function parseAngle(angleText) {
     const angle = angleText.replace(/(deg|g?rad|turn)$/, '');
     // @ts-expect-error: isNaN can accept strings
@@ -69,7 +73,7 @@ function parseAngle(angleText) {
     // 1deg === 1deg ^_^
     return number;
 }
-// Returns the `Format` equivalent from the format text
+/** Returns the `Format` equivalent from the format text **/
 export function getFormat(formatText) {
     switch (formatText) {
         case "hex" /* Format.HEX */:

package/build/node_modules/chrome-devtools-frontend/front_end/core/common/ColorConverter.js

@@ -37,13 +37,15 @@ class Matrix3x3 {
         return dst;
     }
 }
-// A transfer function mapping encoded values to linear values,
-// represented by this 7-parameter piecewise function:
-//
-//   linear = sign(encoded) *  (c*|encoded| + f)       , 0 <= |encoded| < d
-//          = sign(encoded) * ((a*|encoded| + b)^g + e), d <= |encoded|
-//
-// (A simple gamma transfer function sets g to gamma and a to 1.)
+/**
+ * A transfer function mapping encoded values to linear values,
+ * represented by this 7-parameter piecewise function:
+ *
+ * linear = sign(encoded) *  (c*|encoded| + f)       , 0 <= |encoded| < d
+ * = sign(encoded) * ((a*|encoded| + b)^g + e), d <= |encoded|
+ *
+ * (A simple gamma transfer function sets g to gamma and a to 1.)
+ **/
 class TransferFunction {
     g;
     a;

package/build/node_modules/chrome-devtools-frontend/front_end/core/common/Gzip.js

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export async function compress(str) {
     const buffer = await gzipCodec(encoded, new CompressionStream('gzip'));
     return buffer;
 }
-// Private coder/decoder
+/** Private coder/decoder **/
 function gzipCodec(buffer, codecStream) {
     const { readable, writable } = new TransformStream();
     const codecReadable = readable.pipeThrough(codecStream);

package/build/node_modules/chrome-devtools-frontend/front_end/core/common/MapWithDefault.js

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 // Copyright 2024 The Chromium Authors
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 // found in the LICENSE file.
-// Polyfill of https://github.com/tc39/proposal-upsert with a subclass.
-//
-// TODO: Once the proposal is merged, just replace `MapWithDefault` with `Map` and remove it.
+/**
+ * Polyfill of https://github.com/tc39/proposal-upsert with a subclass.
+ *
+ * TODO: Once the proposal is merged, just replace `MapWithDefault` with `Map` and remove it.
+ **/
 export class MapWithDefault extends Map {
     getOrInsert(key, defaultValue) {
         if (!this.has(key)) {

package/build/node_modules/chrome-devtools-frontend/front_end/core/common/ResourceType.js

@@ -140,10 +140,6 @@ const UIStrings = {
      * @description Name of a network initiator type
      */
     preflight: 'Preflight',
-    /**
-     * @description Name of a network initiator type
-     */
-    webbundle: 'WebBundle',
     /**
      * @description Name of a network initiator type for FedCM requests
      */
@@ -199,9 +195,6 @@ export class ResourceType {
         if (mimeType === 'application/wasm') {
             return resourceTypes.Wasm;
         }
-        if (mimeType === 'application/webbundle') {
-            return resourceTypes.WebBundle;
-        }
         return null;
     }
     static fromURL(url) {
@@ -299,9 +292,6 @@ export class ResourceType {
     isFromSourceMap() {
         return this.#name.startsWith('sm-');
     }
-    isWebbundle() {
-        return this.#name === 'webbundle';
-    }
     toString() {
         return this.#name;
     }
@@ -371,7 +361,6 @@ export const resourceTypes = {
     Preflight: new ResourceType('preflight', i18nLazyString(UIStrings.preflight), resourceCategories.Other, true),
     SourceMapScript: new ResourceType('sm-script', i18nLazyString(UIStrings.script), resourceCategories.Script, true),
     SourceMapStyleSheet: new ResourceType('sm-stylesheet', i18nLazyString(UIStrings.stylesheet), resourceCategories.Stylesheet, true),
-    WebBundle: new ResourceType('webbundle', i18nLazyString(UIStrings.webbundle), resourceCategories.Other, false),
     FedCM: new ResourceType('fedcm', i18nLazyString(UIStrings.fedcm), resourceCategories.Other, false),
 };
 const mimeTypeByName = new Map([

package/build/node_modules/chrome-devtools-frontend/front_end/core/common/ReturnToPanel.js

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 // Copyright 2025 The Chromium Authors
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 // found in the LICENSE file.
-// Set instance of this class as flavor to mark what panel triggered the
-// 'elements.toggle-element-search' action if it was not the elements panel.
-// This will cause specified panel to be made visible instead of the elements
-// panel after the inspection is done.
+/**
+ * Set instance of this class as flavor to mark what panel triggered the
+ * 'elements.toggle-element-search' action if it was not the elements panel.
+ * This will cause specified panel to be made visible instead of the elements
+ * panel after the inspection is done.
+ **/
 export class ReturnToPanelFlavor {
     viewId;
     constructor(viewId) {

package/build/node_modules/chrome-devtools-frontend/front_end/core/host/AidaClient.js

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export var FunctionalityType;
     FunctionalityType[FunctionalityType["EXPLAIN_ERROR"] = 2] = "EXPLAIN_ERROR";
     FunctionalityType[FunctionalityType["AGENTIC_CHAT"] = 5] = "AGENTIC_CHAT";
 })(FunctionalityType || (FunctionalityType = {}));
-// See: cs/aida.proto (google3).
+/** See: cs/aida.proto (google3). **/
 export var ClientFeature;
 (function (ClientFeature) {
     // Unspecified client feature.

package/build/node_modules/chrome-devtools-frontend/front_end/core/host/GdpClient.js

@@ -29,27 +29,49 @@ export var EmailPreference;
     EmailPreference["ENABLED"] = "ENABLED";
     EmailPreference["DISABLED"] = "DISABLED";
 })(EmailPreference || (EmailPreference = {}));
-// The `batchGet` awards endpoint returns badge names with an
-// obfuscated user ID (e.g., `profiles/12345/awards/badge-name`).
-// This function normalizes them to use `me` instead of the ID
-// (e.g., `profiles/me/awards/badge-path`) to match the format
-// used for client-side requests.
+export var GdpErrorType;
+(function (GdpErrorType) {
+    GdpErrorType["HTTP_RESPONSE_UNAVAILABLE"] = "HTTP_RESPONSE_UNAVAILABLE";
+    GdpErrorType["NOT_FOUND"] = "NOT_FOUND";
+})(GdpErrorType || (GdpErrorType = {}));
+class GdpError extends Error {
+    type;
+    constructor(type, options) {
+        super(undefined, options);
+        this.type = type;
+    }
+}
+/**
+ * The `batchGet` awards endpoint returns badge names with an
+ * obfuscated user ID (e.g., `profiles/12345/awards/badge-name`).
+ * This function normalizes them to use `me` instead of the ID
+ * (e.g., `profiles/me/awards/badge-path`) to match the format
+ * used for client-side requests.
+ **/
 function normalizeBadgeName(name) {
     return name.replace(/profiles\/[^/]+\/awards\//, 'profiles/me/awards/');
 }
 export const GOOGLE_DEVELOPER_PROGRAM_PROFILE_LINK = 'https://developers.google.com/profile/u/me';
 async function makeHttpRequest(request) {
     if (!isGdpProfilesAvailable()) {
-        return null;
+        throw new GdpError(GdpErrorType.HTTP_RESPONSE_UNAVAILABLE);
     }
     const response = await new Promise(resolve => {
         InspectorFrontendHostInstance.dispatchHttpRequest(request, resolve);
     });
     debugLog({ request, response });
+    if (response.statusCode === 404) {
+        throw new GdpError(GdpErrorType.NOT_FOUND);
+    }
     if ('response' in response && response.statusCode === 200) {
-        return JSON.parse(response.response);
+        try {
+            return JSON.parse(response.response);
+        }
+        catch (err) {
+            throw new GdpError(GdpErrorType.HTTP_RESPONSE_UNAVAILABLE, { cause: err });
+        }
     }
-    return null;
+    throw new GdpError(GdpErrorType.HTTP_RESPONSE_UNAVAILABLE);
 }
 const SERVICE_NAME = 'gdpService';
 let gdpClientInstance = null;
@@ -64,21 +86,41 @@ export class GdpClient {
         }
         return gdpClientInstance;
     }
-    async initialize() {
-        const profile = await this.getProfile();
-        if (profile) {
+    /**
+     * Fetches the user's GDP profile and eligibility status.
+     *
+     * It first attempts to fetch the profile. If the profile is not found
+     * (a `NOT_FOUND` error), this is handled gracefully by treating the profile
+     * as `null` and then proceeding to check for eligibility.
+     *
+     * @returns A promise that resolves with an object containing the `profile`
+     * and `isEligible` status, or `null` if an unexpected error occurs.
+     */
+    async getProfile() {
+        try {
+            const profile = await this.#getProfile();
             return {
-                hasProfile: true,
+                profile,
                 isEligible: true,
             };
         }
-        const isEligible = await this.isEligibleToCreateProfile();
-        return {
-            hasProfile: false,
-            isEligible,
-        };
+        catch (err) {
+            if (err instanceof GdpError && err.type === GdpErrorType.HTTP_RESPONSE_UNAVAILABLE) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+        try {
+            const checkEligibilityResponse = await this.#checkEligibility();
+            return {
+                profile: null,
+                isEligible: checkEligibilityResponse.createProfile === EligibilityStatus.ELIGIBLE,
+            };
+        }
+        catch {
+            return null;
+        }
     }
-    async getProfile() {
+    async #getProfile() {
         if (this.#cachedProfilePromise) {
             return await this.#cachedProfilePromise;
         }
@@ -86,14 +128,13 @@ export class GdpClient {
             service: SERVICE_NAME,
             path: '/v1beta1/profile:get',
             method: 'GET',
-        });
-        const profile = await this.#cachedProfilePromise;
-        if (profile) {
+        }).then(profile => {
             this.#cachedEligibilityPromise = Promise.resolve({ createProfile: EligibilityStatus.ELIGIBLE });
-        }
-        return profile;
+            return profile;
+        });
+        return await this.#cachedProfilePromise;
     }
-    async checkEligibility() {
+    async #checkEligibility() {
         if (this.#cachedEligibilityPromise) {
             return await this.#cachedEligibilityPromise;
         }
@@ -105,52 +146,60 @@ export class GdpClient {
      * @returns null if the request fails, the awarded badge names otherwise.
      */
     async getAwardedBadgeNames({ names }) {
-        const result = await makeHttpRequest({
-            service: SERVICE_NAME,
-            path: '/v1beta1/profiles/me/awards:batchGet',
-            method: 'GET',
-            queryParams: {
-                allowMissing: 'true',
-                names,
-            }
-        });
-        if (!result) {
+        try {
+            const response = await makeHttpRequest({
+                service: SERVICE_NAME,
+                path: '/v1beta1/profiles/me/awards:batchGet',
+                method: 'GET',
+                queryParams: {
+                    allowMissing: 'true',
+                    names,
+                }
+            });
+            return new Set(response.awards?.map(award => normalizeBadgeName(award.name)) ?? []);
+        }
+        catch {
             return null;
         }
-        return new Set(result.awards?.map(award => normalizeBadgeName(award.name)) ?? []);
-    }
-    async isEligibleToCreateProfile() {
-        return (await this.checkEligibility())?.createProfile === EligibilityStatus.ELIGIBLE;
     }
     async createProfile({ user, emailPreference }) {
-        const result = await makeHttpRequest({
-            service: SERVICE_NAME,
-            path: '/v1beta1/profiles',
-            method: 'POST',
-            body: JSON.stringify({
-                user,
-                newsletter_email: emailPreference,
-            }),
-        });
-        if (result) {
+        try {
+            const response = await makeHttpRequest({
+                service: SERVICE_NAME,
+                path: '/v1beta1/profiles',
+                method: 'POST',
+                body: JSON.stringify({
+                    user,
+                    newsletter_email: emailPreference,
+                }),
+            });
             this.#clearCache();
+            return response;
+        }
+        catch {
+            return null;
         }
-        return result;
     }
     #clearCache() {
         this.#cachedProfilePromise = undefined;
         this.#cachedEligibilityPromise = undefined;
     }
-    createAward({ name }) {
-        return makeHttpRequest({
-            service: SERVICE_NAME,
-            path: '/v1beta1/profiles/me/awards',
-            method: 'POST',
-            body: JSON.stringify({
-                awardingUri: 'devtools://devtools',
-                name,
-            })
-        });
+    async createAward({ name }) {
+        try {
+            const response = await makeHttpRequest({
+                service: SERVICE_NAME,
+                path: '/v1beta1/profiles/me/awards',
+                method: 'POST',
+                body: JSON.stringify({
+                    awardingUri: 'devtools://devtools',
+                    name,
+                })
+            });
+            return response;
+        }
+        catch {
+            return null;
+        }
     }
 }
 function isDebugMode() {
@@ -182,5 +231,13 @@ export function getGdpProfilesEnterprisePolicy() {
     return (Root.Runtime.hostConfig.devToolsGdpProfilesAvailability?.enterprisePolicyValue ??
         Root.Runtime.GdpProfilesEnterprisePolicyValue.DISABLED);
 }
+export function isBadgesEnabled() {
+    const isBadgesEnabledByEnterprisePolicy = getGdpProfilesEnterprisePolicy() === Root.Runtime.GdpProfilesEnterprisePolicyValue.ENABLED;
+    const isBadgesEnabledByFeatureFlag = Boolean(Root.Runtime.hostConfig.devToolsGdpProfiles?.badgesEnabled);
+    return isBadgesEnabledByEnterprisePolicy && isBadgesEnabledByFeatureFlag;
+}
+export function isStarterBadgeEnabled() {
+    return Boolean(Root.Runtime.hostConfig.devToolsGdpProfiles?.starterBadgeEnabled);
+}
 // @ts-expect-error
 globalThis.setDebugGdpIntegrationEnabled = setDebugGdpIntegrationEnabled;

package/build/node_modules/chrome-devtools-frontend/front_end/core/host/InspectorFrontendHost.js

@@ -301,6 +301,9 @@ export class InspectorFrontendHostStub {
             devToolsFlexibleLayout: {
                 verticalDrawerEnabled: true,
             },
+            devToolsStartingStyleDebugging: {
+                enabled: false,
+            },
         };
         if ('hostConfigForTesting' in globalThis) {
             const { hostConfigForTesting } = globalThis;

package/build/node_modules/chrome-devtools-frontend/front_end/core/host/Platform.js

@@ -24,9 +24,11 @@ export function isWin() {
     }
     return _isWin;
 }
-// In Chrome Layout tests the imported 'Platform' object is not writable/
-// configurable, which prevents us from monkey-patching 'Platform''s methods.
-// We circumvent this by adding 'setPlatformForTests'.
+/**
+ * In Chrome Layout tests the imported 'Platform' object is not writable/
+ * configurable, which prevents us from monkey-patching 'Platform''s methods.
+ * We circumvent this by adding 'setPlatformForTests'.
+ **/
 export function setPlatformForTests(platform) {
     _platform = platform;
     _isMac = undefined;

package/build/node_modules/chrome-devtools-frontend/front_end/core/host/UserMetrics.js

@@ -231,9 +231,11 @@ export class UserMetrics {
  * 1. Delete the line with the unneeded value
  * 2. Do not update any 'MAX_VALUE' or any other value.
  */
-// Codes below are used to collect UMA histograms in the Chromium port.
-// Do not change the values below, additional actions are needed on the Chromium side
-// in order to add more codes.
+/**
+ * Codes below are used to collect UMA histograms in the Chromium port.
+ * Do not change the values below, additional actions are needed on the Chromium side
+ * in order to add more codes.
+ **/
 export var Action;
 (function (Action) {
     /* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/naming-convention */
@@ -706,7 +708,7 @@ export var DevtoolsExperiments;
     // Increment this when new experiments are added.
     DevtoolsExperiments[DevtoolsExperiments["MAX_VALUE"] = 110] = "MAX_VALUE";
 })(DevtoolsExperiments || (DevtoolsExperiments = {}));
-// Update DevToolsIssuesPanelIssueExpanded from tools/metrics/histograms/enums.xml if new enum is added.
+/** Update DevToolsIssuesPanelIssueExpanded from tools/metrics/histograms/enums.xml if new enum is added. **/
 export var IssueExpanded;
 (function (IssueExpanded) {
     /* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/naming-convention */

package/build/node_modules/chrome-devtools-frontend/front_end/core/platform/ArrayUtilities.js

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ export function nearestIndexFromBeginning(arr, predicate) {
 export function nearestIndexFromEnd(arr, predicate) {
     return nearestIndex(arr, predicate, "END" /* NearestSearchStart.END */);
 }
-// Type guard for ensuring that `arr` does not contain null or undefined
+/** Type guard for ensuring that `arr` does not contain null or undefined **/
 export function arrayDoesNotContainNullOrUndefined(arr) {
     return !arr.includes(null) && !arr.includes(undefined);
 }