chaffjs 0.19.0 → 0.21.0

package/src/run.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { missingList } from "./declared-lists.ts";
 import { unreadStructure, type Unread } from "./structure/unread.ts";
 import { isMarkdownPath } from "./structure/markdown-path.ts";
 import { maskSpans } from "./mask.ts";
+import { structureText } from "./document-reading.ts";
 import { textOutline } from "./page-furniture.ts";
 import { uiLanguageOf } from "./ui.ts";
 import { presetLevels } from "./genre-load.ts";
@@ -37,7 +38,9 @@ export type RunResult = {
 
 export type Settings = Readonly<Record<string, Level>>;
 
-const levelFor = (rule: RuleDefinition, settings: Settings, experimental: boolean, preset: Settings): Level => {
+type Outcome = { readonly findings: Finding[]; readonly skipped: Skipped[] };
+
+export const levelFor = (rule: RuleDefinition, settings: Settings, experimental: boolean, preset: Settings): Level => {
   const explicit = settings[rule.id];
   // 明示設定は status の既定に勝つ。名指しで有効にしたものを黙って無効にしない。
   if (explicit !== undefined) return explicit;
@@ -80,8 +83,11 @@ const treeProblem = (doc: ProseDocument): string | undefined => {
 };
 
 /** 木が読んだのと同じ本文。Markdown はコードを覆ったもの、.txt はページの飾りだけを覆ったもの（.txt の字下げはコードではない）。 */
-const textTheTreeRead = (doc: ProseDocument): string =>
-  isMarkdownPath(doc.path) ? (doc.prose ?? doc.source) : maskSpans(doc.source, textOutline(doc.source, doc.replyQuotes).opaque);
+const textTheTreeRead = (doc: ProseDocument): string => {
+  if (isMarkdownPath(doc.path)) return doc.prose ?? doc.source;
+  const text = structureText(doc.path, doc.source);
+  return maskSpans(text, textOutline(text, doc.replyQuotes).opaque);
+};
 
 const unreadByDocument = new WeakMap<ProseDocument, Unread | undefined>();
 
@@ -93,11 +99,16 @@ const unreadOf = (doc: ProseDocument): Unread | undefined => {
 
 /** 見出しを読む rule の要求。表題より下の見出しが無い文書では、本題の前を測れない。0 件を「前置きが短い」に見せない。 */
 /** 記法を読む rule の要求（markdown）。.txt には見出しの記法も画像もリンクの記法も無いので、0 件を「問題なし」に見せない。 */
-const DOCUMENT_NEEDS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(["headings", "markdown"]);
+/** documents: a rule that compares the documents of one run (cross-run.ts). Run on one document, it says so instead of finding nothing. */
+const DOCUMENT_NEEDS: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(["headings", "markdown", "documents"]);
 
 const documentNeed = (rule: RuleDefinition, doc: ProseDocument): string | undefined => {
   if (rule.requires.includes("markdown") && !isMarkdownPath(doc.path)) return reasonsFor(doc).notMarkdown;
-  return rule.requires.includes("headings") && bodySectionOf(doc.sections) === undefined ? reasonsFor(doc).noHeadings : undefined;
+  if (rule.requires.includes("headings") && bodySectionOf(doc.sections) === undefined) return reasonsFor(doc).noHeadings;
+  if (!rule.requires.includes("documents")) return undefined;
+  // Set aside only what the cross pass can run: a missing word list is said here, as for any rule.
+  const absent = missingList(rule, doc.lexicons);
+  return absent === undefined ? reasonsFor(doc).oneDocument : reasonsFor(doc).noLexicon(doc.language, absent);
 };
 
 /** 知らない要求は満たされていないものとして扱う。黙って無視すると、要求なしで動いてしまう。 */
@@ -121,8 +132,12 @@ const tagReason = (doc: ProseDocument): string | undefined => {
 };
 
 /** 要求を満たさない rule は動かせない。満たさないまま動かすと「指摘 0 件」が保証に見える。 */
+const otherLanguage = (rule: RuleDefinition, doc: ProseDocument): string | undefined =>
+  rule.languages !== undefined && !rule.languages.includes(doc.language) ? reasonsFor(doc).otherLanguage(doc.language) : undefined;
+
 const unmet = (rule: RuleDefinition, doc: ProseDocument): string | undefined => {
-  if (rule.languages !== undefined && !rule.languages.includes(doc.language)) return reasonsFor(doc).otherLanguage(doc.language);
+  const language = otherLanguage(rule, doc);
+  if (language !== undefined) return language;
   const missing = rule.requires.filter((need) => !TREE_NEEDS.has(need) && !DOCUMENT_NEEDS.has(need)).find((need) => !has(doc.capabilities, need));
   if (missing !== undefined) return reasonsFor(doc).noCapability(missing);
   return undefined;
@@ -135,8 +150,13 @@ const unmet = (rule: RuleDefinition, doc: ProseDocument): string | undefined =>
 const untagged = (rule: RuleDefinition, doc: ProseDocument): string | undefined =>
   rule.requires.some((need) => need === "pos" || need === "lemma") ? tagReason(doc) : undefined;
 
-const forGenre = (rules: readonly RuleDefinition[], genre: string): RuleDefinition[] =>
-  rules.filter((rule) => rule.use_for.some((target) => genre.startsWith(target)));
+const suitsGenre = (rule: RuleDefinition, genre: string): boolean => rule.use_for.some((target) => genre.startsWith(target));
+
+const forGenre = (rules: readonly RuleDefinition[], genre: string): RuleDefinition[] => rules.filter((rule) => suitsGenre(rule, genre));
+
+/** A rule use_for keeps out of the genre. A rule for another language says that first: no genre would run it here. */
+const unsuited = (rule: RuleDefinition, doc: ProseDocument, genre: string): string | undefined =>
+  suitsGenre(rule, genre) ? undefined : (otherLanguage(rule, doc) ?? reasonsFor(doc).presetOff(genre));
 
 /** rule が品詞か見出し語を要求するか、使えるなら使うか。 */
 export const wantsTags = (rule: RuleDefinition): boolean => [...rule.requires, ...rule.uses].some((need) => need === "pos" || need === "lemma");
@@ -174,7 +194,7 @@ const runDetector = (
   }
 };
 
-const place = (starts: readonly number[], finding: Finding): Finding => {
+export const place = (starts: readonly number[], finding: Finding): Finding => {
   const offset = finding.values["offset"];
   const at = placeOf(starts, typeof offset === "number" ? offset : 0);
   return { ...finding, line: at.line, column: at.column };
@@ -206,7 +226,7 @@ const compositeOf = (rule: RuleDefinition, found: readonly Finding[], limit: num
 /** chaff.yaml の rules に数値で書いた上限。段階の表より先に効く。 */
 export type Limits = Readonly<Record<string, number>>;
 
-const limitFor = (rule: RuleDefinition, level: Level, genre: string, limits: Limits): number => limits[rule.id] ?? resolve(rule, level, genre).limit;
+export const limitFor = (rule: RuleDefinition, level: Level, genre: string, limits: Limits): number => limits[rule.id] ?? resolve(rule, level, genre).limit;
 
 /** 文書と違う言語で書いた文の上限。chaff.yaml の数値は文書の言語の単位で書いたものなので、ここには効かせない。 */
 const embeddedLimitsFor = (rule: RuleDefinition, level: Level, genre: string, embedded: readonly string[]): Record<string, number> =>
@@ -251,46 +271,51 @@ export const runRulesWith = (doc: ProseDocument, rules: readonly RuleDefinition[
   const experimentalOn = applicable.filter((rule) => rule.status === "experimental" && levelFor(rule, settings, experimental, preset) !== "off");
   const forced = experimentalOn.filter((rule) => settings[rule.id] !== undefined).map((rule) => rule.id);
   const presetOn = experimentalOn.filter((rule) => settings[rule.id] === undefined && preset[rule.id] !== undefined).map((rule) => rule.id);
-  const outcome = applicable.reduce<{ findings: Finding[]; skipped: Skipped[] }>(
+  const runOne = (acc: Outcome, rule: RuleDefinition): Outcome => {
+    // L4 は意味を読む検査。chaff test が扱う。ここで「検出器が無い」と言わせない。
+    if (rule.layer === "L4") {
+      return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: reasonsFor(doc).semantic }] };
+    }
+    const blocked = unmet(rule, doc);
+    if (blocked !== undefined) return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: blocked }] };
+    const level = levelFor(rule, settings, experimental, preset);
+    if (level === "off") return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, offSkip(rule, settings, preset, genre, reasonsFor(doc))] };
+    const noTags = untagged(rule, doc);
+    if (noTags !== undefined) return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: noTags }] };
+    // 木は capability ではなく、adapter が structure を持つかで決まる。持たない言語で動かすと「参照先が無い」が 0 件に見える。
+    // 段階を見た後で聞く。doc.structure は触れたときに木を作るので、止めている rule のために作らない。
+    const noTree = treeNeed(rule, doc);
+    if (noTree !== undefined) return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: noTree }] };
+    const noDocumentNeed = documentNeed(rule, doc);
+    if (noDocumentNeed !== undefined) return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: noDocumentNeed }] };
+    // 複合シグナルは二段目で扱う。一段目では「検出器が無い」と言わせない。
+    if (rule.from.length > 0) return acc;
+    const detector = detectors[rule.id] ?? DETECTORS[rule.how_to_find];
+    if (detector === undefined)
+      return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: reasonsFor(doc).noDetector(rule.how_to_find) }] };
+    // 語彙表を要求する rule で、その言語に語彙表が無ければ動かせない。黙って通さない。
+    const absent = missingList(rule, doc.lexicons);
+    if (absent !== undefined)
+      return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: reasonsFor(doc).noLexicon(doc.language, absent) }] };
+    const options = {
+      limit: limitFor(rule, level, genre, limits),
+      lexicon: rule.word_list === undefined ? undefined : doc.lexicons[rule.word_list],
+      where: rule.where,
+      fullSentence: rule.full_sentence,
+      embeddedLimits: embeddedLimitsFor(rule, level, genre, embedded),
+      ...(rule.options === undefined ? {} : { settings: optionValues(settleOptions(rule.id, rule.options, optionLayers)) }),
+      ...(rule.custom === undefined ? {} : { custom: rule.custom }),
+    };
+    const ran = runDetector(detector, doc, options);
+    if ("notRun" in ran) return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: ran.notRun }] };
+    const found = ran.findings.map((finding) => place(starts, { ...finding, rule: rule.id, severity: severityAt(rule, level, genre) }));
+    return { findings: [...acc.findings, ...found], skipped: acc.skipped };
+  };
+  const outcome = rules.reduce<Outcome>(
     (acc, rule) => {
-      // L4 は意味を読む検査。chaff test が扱う。ここで「検出器が無い」と言わせない。
-      if (rule.layer === "L4") {
-        return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: reasonsFor(doc).semantic }] };
-      }
-      const blocked = unmet(rule, doc);
-      if (blocked !== undefined) return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: blocked }] };
-      const level = levelFor(rule, settings, experimental, preset);
-      if (level === "off") return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, offSkip(rule, settings, preset, genre, reasonsFor(doc))] };
-      const noTags = untagged(rule, doc);
-      if (noTags !== undefined) return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: noTags }] };
-      // 木は capability ではなく、adapter が structure を持つかで決まる。持たない言語で動かすと「参照先が無い」が 0 件に見える。
-      // 段階を見た後で聞く。doc.structure は触れたときに木を作るので、止めている rule のために作らない。
-      const noTree = treeNeed(rule, doc);
-      if (noTree !== undefined) return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: noTree }] };
-      const noDocumentNeed = documentNeed(rule, doc);
-      if (noDocumentNeed !== undefined) return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: noDocumentNeed }] };
-      // 複合シグナルは二段目で扱う。一段目では「検出器が無い」と言わせない。
-      if (rule.from.length > 0) return acc;
-      const detector = detectors[rule.id] ?? DETECTORS[rule.how_to_find];
-      if (detector === undefined)
-        return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: reasonsFor(doc).noDetector(rule.how_to_find) }] };
-      // 語彙表を要求する rule で、その言語に語彙表が無ければ動かせない。黙って通さない。
-      const absent = missingList(rule, doc.lexicons);
-      if (absent !== undefined)
-        return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: reasonsFor(doc).noLexicon(doc.language, absent) }] };
-      const options = {
-        limit: limitFor(rule, level, genre, limits),
-        lexicon: rule.word_list === undefined ? undefined : doc.lexicons[rule.word_list],
-        where: rule.where,
-        fullSentence: rule.full_sentence,
-        embeddedLimits: embeddedLimitsFor(rule, level, genre, embedded),
-        ...(rule.options === undefined ? {} : { settings: optionValues(settleOptions(rule.id, rule.options, optionLayers)) }),
-        ...(rule.custom === undefined ? {} : { custom: rule.custom }),
-      };
-      const ran = runDetector(detector, doc, options);
-      if ("notRun" in ran) return { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: ran.notRun }] };
-      const found = ran.findings.map((finding) => place(starts, { ...finding, rule: rule.id, severity: severityAt(rule, level, genre) }));
-      return { findings: [...acc.findings, ...found], skipped: acc.skipped };
+      // Listed, not dropped: a clean run in a genre that leaves rules out is not "checked and fine".
+      const notForGenre = unsuited(rule, doc, genre);
+      return notForGenre === undefined ? runOne(acc, rule) : { findings: acc.findings, skipped: [...acc.skipped, { rule: rule.id, why: notForGenre }] };
     },
     { findings: [], skipped: [] },
   );

package/src/sentence-load.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// How much one sentence asks the reader to hold at once: brackets inside brackets, clauses chained one after another, and how
+// far the topic stands from the end where its predicate is. Pure: a sentence's text and tokens come in, numbers go out.
+import type { Token } from "./plugin.ts";
+
+/**
+ * Opening brackets and the mark that closes each. Quotation marks that open and close with the same character are left out, and
+ * so are curly braces, which prose rarely uses and code and formulas use everywhere.
+ */
+const BRACKETS: Readonly<Record<string, string>> = {
+  "(": ")",
+  "（": "）",
+  "[": "]",
+  "［": "］",
+  "「": "」",
+  "『": "』",
+  "【": "】",
+  "〔": "〕",
+  "〈": "〉",
+  "《": "》",
+  "“": "”",
+};
+
+/** A formula written in TeX ($d^k = -\nabla f(x^k)$): its brackets are the formula's, not the sentence's. */
+const FORMULA = /\$\$[^$]*\$\$|\$[^$\n]*\$/gu;
+
+/**
+ * The deepest the brackets of a text nest: 「計画（案）」 is one, 「（注（a）を参照）」 two, plain text none. A closer with no
+ * opener (the 1) of a list) is ignored, an opener never closed counts as open until the end, and formulas in $…$ are skipped.
+ */
+export const bracketDepth = (text: string): number => {
+  // The closers still awaited, innermost last. Pushed and popped in place: copying it per character is quadratic on deep nesting.
+  const awaited: string[] = [];
+  return [...text.replace(FORMULA, " ")].reduce((deepest, char) => {
+    if (awaited.at(-1) === char) awaited.pop();
+    else if (BRACKETS[char] !== undefined) awaited.push(BRACKETS[char]);
+    return Math.max(deepest, awaited.length);
+  }, 0);
+};
+
+const PREDICATE = new Set(["VERB", "ADJ", "AUX"]);
+const COMMA = new Set(["、", "，"]);
+
+/**
+ * Whether the token ends a clause that the sentence then goes on from: a conjunctive particle (調べて, 報告したが, ないので), or
+ * a verb or adjective stopped by a comma (内容をまとめ、). て or で before a helper verb (調べている, 読んでもらう) joins two verbs
+ * into one predicate and does not end a clause.
+ */
+const endsClause = (token: Token, next: Token | undefined): boolean => {
+  if (token.pos === "SCONJ") return next?.features?.["Bound"] !== "Yes";
+  return PREDICATE.has(token.pos) && next !== undefined && COMMA.has(next.surface);
+};
+
+const TRAILING = new Set(["PUNCT", "SYM"]);
+
+/**
+ * The number of clauses the tokens chain: one more than the clause ends before the last word. A sentence of one predicate is
+ * one, and a sentence that ends on a particle (返信して。) has not chained another clause by it.
+ */
+export const clauseCount = (tokens: readonly Token[]): number => {
+  const last = tokens.findLastIndex((token) => !TRAILING.has(token.pos));
+  return 1 + tokens.filter((token, at) => at < last && endsClause(token, tokens[at + 1])).length;
+};
+
+const TOPIC_BEFORE = new Set(["NOUN", "PRON", "PROPN"]);
+
+/**
+ * How far the sentence's first topic (会議は, これは) stands from the end of the sentence, where Japanese puts the predicate the
+ * topic belongs to, in characters of the words between them (spaces, and a link's address the document hides, are not read).
+ * undefined when the sentence has no topic. The distance is the reader's wait: everything between has to be held before the
+ * topic is said to do anything.
+ */
+export const topicDistance = (tokens: readonly Token[]): number | undefined => {
+  const topic = tokens.findIndex((token, at) => token.surface === "は" && token.pos === "ADP" && TOPIC_BEFORE.has(tokens[at - 1]?.pos ?? ""));
+  const last = tokens.findLastIndex((token) => !TRAILING.has(token.pos));
+  if (topic === -1 || last <= topic) return undefined;
+  return tokens.slice(topic + 1, last).reduce((sum, token) => sum + [...token.surface.replace(/\s/gu, "")].length, 0);
+};

package/src/spelling-variants.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// One word written two ways in one document, found without a hand list: the words come in already keyed (two spellings of one
+// word share a key), and this picks, per key, the spellings the document uses less. Pure: no document, no language here.
+
+/** A word as written: the key that says which word it is, and how this place spells it. */
+export type KeyedWord = { readonly key: string; readonly spelling: string };
+
+/** A word spelled the way the document uses less: the spelling it usually uses, and how many of the word's places differ. */
+export type OddSpelling<T extends KeyedWord> = { readonly word: T; readonly usual: string; readonly count: number; readonly of: number };
+
+const PERCENT = 100;
+
+/** Items by key, in the order each key first appears. */
+export const groupBy = <T>(items: readonly T[], keyOf: (item: T) => string): Map<string, T[]> =>
+  items.reduce((groups, item) => {
+    // Pushed in place: copying the group for each item is quadratic in a long document's commonest word.
+    const group = groups.get(keyOf(item));
+    if (group === undefined) groups.set(keyOf(item), [item]);
+    else group.push(item);
+    return groups;
+  }, new Map<string, T[]>());
+
+const groupsOf = <T extends KeyedWord>(words: readonly T[]): T[][] => [...groupBy(words, (word) => word.key).values()];
+
+/** Spellings by how often the group writes them, most first; ties keep the order they were first written in. */
+const spellingsByUse = (group: readonly KeyedWord[]): [string, number][] =>
+  [...groupBy(group, (word) => word.spelling).entries()].map(([spelling, uses]): [string, number] => [spelling, uses.length]).toSorted((a, b) => b[1] - a[1]);
+
+/**
+ * The places in one group that do not use its most common spelling. Nothing when the group has one spelling, when two spellings
+ * tie for the most (no side to take), or when the others are more than limitPercent of the group (the document uses both on purpose).
+ */
+const oddIn = <T extends KeyedWord>(group: readonly T[], limitPercent: number): OddSpelling<T>[] => {
+  const [first, second] = spellingsByUse(group);
+  if (first === undefined || second === undefined || first[1] === second[1]) return [];
+  const odd = group.filter((word) => word.spelling !== first[0]);
+  if (odd.length * PERCENT > limitPercent * group.length) return [];
+  return odd.map((word) => ({ word, usual: first[0], count: odd.length, of: group.length }));
+};
+
+/** Every place spelled the way its document uses less, key by key. */
+export const oddSpellings = <T extends KeyedWord>(words: readonly T[], limitPercent: number): OddSpelling<T>[] =>
+  groupsOf(words).flatMap((group) => oddIn(group, limitPercent));

package/src/spelling.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// 辞書に無い語と、一字違いの言い直し。純粋な関数だけを置く。辞書と、語尾・接頭辞の知識は言語パッケージが渡す。
+
+/** 語尾の置き換え 1 つ。suffix を外して replacement を足すと辞書の語（carried → carry）。 */
+export type Suffix = { readonly suffix: string; readonly replacement: string };
+
+/**
+ * 語を辞書で引くのに要るもの。words は語の集まりの並び（辞書と、語彙表やチームの足した語）で、どれかにあれば載っている語。
+ * 大きい辞書を文書ごとに写さないよう、集まりは足し合わせずに並べる。suffixes は語尾、prefixes は接頭辞。
+ */
+export type Speller = { readonly words: ReadonlyArray<ReadonlySet<string>>; readonly suffixes: readonly Suffix[]; readonly prefixes: readonly string[] };
+
+const inLists = (word: string, speller: Speller): boolean => speller.words.some((list) => list.has(word));
+
+/** 語幹がこれより短くなる外し方はしない。"bed" を "b" + "ed" と読まない。 */
+const MIN_STEM = 2;
+
+/** 語尾を外した語幹。外した後ろに同じ子音が二つ並べば一つ減らした形も（stopped → stopp → stop）。 */
+const stemsOf = (word: string, suffixes: readonly Suffix[]): string[] =>
+  suffixes.flatMap(({ suffix, replacement }) => {
+    if (!word.endsWith(suffix) || word.length - suffix.length < MIN_STEM) return [];
+    const stem = word.slice(0, word.length - suffix.length);
+    const doubled = stem.length > MIN_STEM && stem.at(-1) === stem.at(-2) ? [stem.slice(0, -1)] : [];
+    return [`${stem}${replacement}`, ...doubled];
+  });
+
+const isListed = (word: string, speller: Speller): boolean => inLists(word, speller) || stemsOf(word, speller.suffixes).some((stem) => inLists(stem, speller));
+
+const isPrefixed = (word: string, speller: Speller): boolean =>
+  speller.prefixes.some((prefix) => word.startsWith(prefix) && word.length - prefix.length >= MIN_STEM && isListed(word.slice(prefix.length), speller));
+
+/** 辞書の語か。そのままか、語尾を外すか、接頭辞を一つ外して（語尾も外して）辞書にあれば知っている語。 */
+export const isKnownWord = (word: string, speller: Speller): boolean => isListed(word, speller) || isPrefixed(word, speller);
+
+const LETTERS = [..."abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"];
+
+/** 一字違いの形。入れ替え（recieve → receive）、置き換え、抜け、余分の順。同じ形は一度だけ。 */
+export const editsOf = (word: string): string[] => {
+  const at = [...Array(word.length + 1).keys()];
+  const swaps = at.slice(0, -2).map((index) => `${word.slice(0, index)}${word.charAt(index + 1)}${word.charAt(index)}${word.slice(index + 2)}`);
+  const replaced = at.slice(0, -1).flatMap((index) => LETTERS.map((letter) => `${word.slice(0, index)}${letter}${word.slice(index + 1)}`));
+  const dropped = at.slice(0, -1).map((index) => `${word.slice(0, index)}${word.slice(index + 1)}`);
+  const inserted = at.flatMap((index) => LETTERS.map((letter) => `${word.slice(0, index)}${letter}${word.slice(index)}`));
+  return [...new Set([...swaps, ...replaced, ...dropped, ...inserted])].filter((edit) => edit !== word && edit !== "");
+};
+
+/**
+ * 辞書に無い語の、一字違いの語。言い直しに出すのは辞書にそのまま載る語だけ（語尾や接頭辞を足して作った語は、辞書が
+ * 知っていても言い直しとしては確かでない）。文書がほかで使っている語を先に、次に頭の字を変えない語を（打ち間違いは語の頭に少ない。
+ * pipline は hipline でなく pipeline）、その中で編集の順（入れ替えが先）。一字違いの語が無ければ undefined（言い直しを示せない語は、
+ * 誤りか新しい語か決められないので言わない）。
+ */
+export const suggestionFor = (word: string, speller: Speller, used: ReadonlySet<string>): string | undefined => {
+  const rankOf = (edit: string): number => (used.has(edit) ? 0 : 1) * 2 + (edit.charAt(0) === word.charAt(0) ? 0 : 1);
+  const listed = editsOf(word).filter((edit) => inLists(edit, speller) || used.has(edit));
+  return listed.toSorted((left, right) => rankOf(left) - rankOf(right))[0];
+};
+
+/** 本文の中の、確かめる英字の語 1 つ。offset は渡した文字列の中の位置。 */
+export type CheckedWord = { readonly offset: number; readonly word: string };
+
+/**
+ * 確かめる語。小文字だけで書いた英字の語で、ほかの語・番号・記号に続かないもの。大文字を含む語（固有名詞、略語、文頭の語）、
+ * 数字や下線を含む語、アポストロフィとハイフンの前後（don't、co-operate）、文字参照（&mdash;）、ファイル名やドメインの一部（index.html の index）、
+ * URL とメールの中、maxLength より長い字の並び（符号化したデータ）は見ない。
+ */
+const WORD = /(?<![\p{L}\p{N}_./@#&'’\\-])[a-z]+(?![\p{L}\p{N}_/@'’-]|\.[\p{L}\p{N}])/gu;
+/** 空白で区切った一続きの字。URL（://）、www. で始まるもの、メール（@）は丸ごと語として読まない。 */
+const CHUNK = /\S+/gu;
+const isAddress = (chunk: string): boolean => chunk.includes("://") || chunk.includes("@") || chunk.startsWith("www.");
+
+const addressSpans = (text: string): Array<readonly [number, number]> =>
+  [...text.matchAll(CHUNK)].filter((match) => isAddress(match[0])).map((match) => [match.index, match.index + match[0].length]);
+
+export const wordsToCheck = (text: string, minLength: number, maxLength: number): CheckedWord[] => {
+  const addresses = addressSpans(text);
+  return [...text.matchAll(WORD)]
+    .filter(
+      (match) => match[0].length >= minLength && match[0].length <= maxLength && !addresses.some(([start, end]) => match.index >= start && match.index < end),
+    )
+    .map((match) => ({ offset: match.index, word: match[0] }));
+};

package/src/structure/absolute-exception.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import type { Span, Token } from "../plugin.ts";
+import { CONTENT } from "./modal-conflict.ts";
+
+// An absolute obligation (すべての〜は…しなければならない, "must always", 「一切…してはならない」) and, later in the same document
+// and outside its own article or paragraph, an exception for the same act (「ただし…を除く」, "except"). The absolute
+// statement does not carry the exception, so a reader who stops at it applies it to every case.
+
+/** One sentence read for this rule. */
+export type Statement = {
+  readonly offset: number;
+  /** Content words (lemmas, lower case), without the absolute word, the exception word and the modal marker. */
+  readonly words: readonly string[];
+  /** The absolute word it holds (すべての, always), if any. */
+  readonly absolute: string | undefined;
+  /** The exception word it holds (ただし, except), if any. */
+  readonly exception: string | undefined;
+  /** It holds exactly one obligation marker, and that marker requires or forbids (must, must not). */
+  readonly obligation: boolean;
+  /** The act the obligation binds: the content word next to the marker (comply in "must comply", 負う in 「負わないものとする」). */
+  readonly act: string | undefined;
+  /** Where its own provisos sit: the start of its article, list or paragraph. */
+  readonly unit: number;
+};
+
+const lemmaOf = (token: Token): string => (token.lemma !== undefined && token.lemma !== "" ? token.lemma : token.surface).toLowerCase();
+
+const outside = (token: Token, spans: readonly Span[]): boolean => spans.every((span) => token.span.end <= span.start || span.end <= token.span.start);
+
+/**
+ * Pure: the act an obligation binds. The content word nearest the marker, by tokens, leaving out light verbs (する, be)
+ * and the words in `skip`; on a tie the verb, else the one after the marker (English puts the verb after "must", Japanese
+ * before 「なければならない」).
+ */
+export const actOf = (tokens: readonly Token[], marker: Span, skip: readonly Span[], lightVerbs: ReadonlySet<string>): string | undefined => {
+  const first = tokens.findIndex((token) => token.span.end > marker.start);
+  const last = tokens.findLastIndex((token) => token.span.start < marker.end);
+  if (first === -1 || last === -1) return undefined;
+  const candidates = tokens
+    .map((token, index) => ({ token, index }))
+    .filter(({ token, index }) => (index < first || index > last) && CONTENT.has(token.pos) && outside(token, skip) && !lightVerbs.has(lemmaOf(token)))
+    .map(({ token, index }) => ({ token, distance: index < first ? first - index : index - last, after: index > last }));
+  const rank = (candidate: (typeof candidates)[number]): number =>
+    candidate.distance * 4 + (candidate.token.pos === "VERB" ? 0 : 2) + (candidate.after ? 0 : 1);
+  const nearest = candidates.toSorted((left, right) => rank(left) - rank(right))[0];
+  return nearest === undefined ? undefined : lemmaOf(nearest.token);
+};
+
+export type Contradicted = { readonly absolute: Statement; readonly exception: Statement; readonly shared: readonly string[] };
+
+/** Fewer shared words than this, and the two sentences may be about different things. */
+const MIN_SHARED = 2;
+
+/** The share of the absolute statement's content words the exception must repeat to be about the same subject and act. */
+const MIN_SHARE_PERCENT = 60;
+const PERCENT = 100;
+
+const isAbsolute = (statement: Statement): boolean => statement.absolute !== undefined && statement.exception === undefined && statement.obligation;
+
+const sharedWords = (absolute: Statement, exception: Statement): string[] => {
+  const later = new Set(exception.words);
+  return absolute.words.filter((word) => later.has(word));
+};
+
+/** The exception names the act the rule binds, and repeats most of the rule's other words (its subject and object). */
+const isSameAct = (absolute: Statement, exception: Statement, shared: readonly string[]): boolean =>
+  absolute.act !== undefined &&
+  exception.words.includes(absolute.act) &&
+  shared.length >= MIN_SHARED &&
+  shared.length * PERCENT >= absolute.words.length * MIN_SHARE_PERCENT;
+
+/**
+ * Pure: absolute obligations that a later sentence, outside their own unit, makes an exception to. The absolute statement
+ * carries no exception itself, and the exception repeats most of its content words. Each absolute statement once, with
+ * the first such exception.
+ */
+export const contradictedAbsolutes = (statements: readonly Statement[]): Contradicted[] => {
+  const byWord = exceptionsByWord(statements);
+  return statements
+    .filter(isAbsolute)
+    .toSorted((left, right) => left.offset - right.offset)
+    .flatMap((absolute) => {
+      const found = (byWord.get(absolute.act ?? "") ?? [])
+        .filter((exception) => exception.offset > absolute.offset && exception.unit !== absolute.unit)
+        .map((exception) => ({ exception, shared: sharedWords(absolute, exception) }))
+        .find(({ exception, shared }) => isSameAct(absolute, exception, shared));
+      return found === undefined ? [] : [{ absolute, exception: found.exception, shared: found.shared }];
+    });
+};
+
+/** The exceptions in document order, by each of their words: an absolute rule looks only at those naming its act. */
+const exceptionsByWord = (statements: readonly Statement[]): ReadonlyMap<string, readonly Statement[]> => {
+  const byWord = new Map<string, Statement[]>();
+  statements
+    .filter((statement) => statement.exception !== undefined)
+    .toSorted((left, right) => left.offset - right.offset)
+    .forEach((exception) =>
+      new Set(exception.words).forEach((word) => {
+        const listed = byWord.get(word);
+        if (listed === undefined) byWord.set(word, [exception]);
+        else listed.push(exception);
+      }),
+    );
+  return byWord;
+};

package/src/structure/build.ts

@@ -286,6 +286,26 @@ const numberedLine = (state: State, patterns: StructurePatterns, text: string, c
   unnumberedUnit(text, openUnits(state), state.profile?.unnumbered) ??
   universalNumber(patterns, text, context, state.plainText);
 
+/** A dotted number alone: what is left of 「### 29.3 `chaff grade`」 once its code is blanked and the line trimmed. */
+const NUMBER_ONLY = /^\d{1,3}(?:\.\d{1,3}){1,5}[.．]?$/u;
+
+/**
+ * A heading whose title is all inline code is numbered as written. Its rest is left empty: the code is not prose to read,
+ * and the blanked line has no place for it. A heading that is only a number as written (a changelog's 「## 46.3」) stays unnumbered.
+ */
+const codeTitledNumber = (
+  state: State,
+  patterns: StructurePatterns,
+  text: string,
+  heading: Heading | undefined,
+  context: NumberingContext,
+): NumberedLine | undefined => {
+  const written = heading?.text.trim() ?? "";
+  if (!NUMBER_ONLY.test(text) || written === text) return undefined;
+  const numbered = numberedLine(state, patterns, written, context);
+  return numbered === undefined ? undefined : { ...numbered, rest: "" };
+};
+
 /** 番号の後ろが見出しでなく本文か。前の行から見出しが付く前の、行そのもので決める。 */
 const carriesBody = (found: NumberedLine | undefined): boolean => found !== undefined && found.heading === "" && found.rest !== "";
 
@@ -302,7 +322,7 @@ const readLine = (state: State, patterns: StructurePatterns, line: Line, heading
   const text = heading === undefined ? line.text : headingLineText(line.text);
   const openNumbers = state.stack.flatMap((frame) => (frame.numbered === undefined ? [] : [frame.numbered]));
   const context = { open: openNumbers, isHeading: heading !== undefined };
-  const found = around.inTable ? undefined : numberedLine(state, patterns, text, context);
+  const found = around.inTable ? undefined : (numberedLine(state, patterns, text, context) ?? codeTitledNumber(state, patterns, text, heading, context));
   const numbered = withCaption(state, line, found);
   const caption = numbered === undefined && heading === undefined ? captionOf(state.profile, text) : undefined;
   if (caption !== undefined) state.captions.set(line.number, caption);

package/src/structure/cross-definitions.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import { tallyVotes, type Vote } from "../cross-votes.ts";
+
+// One term defined in two files of one run, in different words. Pure: the definitions come in already read from each file.
+
+/** A definition as a file writes it: the term, what follows it up to the end of the sentence, and where it is. */
+export type WrittenDefinition = { readonly term: string; readonly body: string; readonly offset: number };
+
+export type FileDefinitions = { readonly path: string; readonly definitions: readonly WrittenDefinition[] };
+
+/** A file that defines a term unlike most files that define it, and one file of the usual wording. */
+export type DefinitionOutOfStep = {
+  readonly path: string;
+  readonly definition: WrittenDefinition;
+  readonly usual: Vote<WrittenDefinition>;
+  readonly files: number;
+};
+
+/** Marks that do not change what a definition says: the punctuation at its two ends. Spaces are evened out apart. */
+const LEADING: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(["、", "，", ",", ":", "："]);
+const TRAILING: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(["。", "．", "."]);
+const SPACE = /\s+/gu;
+
+const SPACE_CHAR = /\s/u;
+
+/** The text without spaces and the marks of a set at its start, or at its end. */
+const trimStartOf = (text: string, marks: ReadonlySet<string>): string => {
+  const first = text.split("").findIndex((char) => !marks.has(char) && !SPACE_CHAR.test(char));
+  return first === -1 ? "" : text.slice(first);
+};
+
+const trimEndOf = (text: string, marks: ReadonlySet<string>): string =>
+  text.slice(0, text.split("").findLastIndex((char) => !marks.has(char) && !SPACE_CHAR.test(char)) + 1);
+
+/** The wording compared: width, spaces and the punctuation at the ends evened out. */
+export const definitionKey = (body: string): string =>
+  trimEndOf(trimStartOf(body.normalize("NFKC"), LEADING), TRAILING)
+    .replace(SPACE, " ")
+    .trim();
+
+/** A file's vote for a term: its first definition of it (a second one in the same file is duplicate-definition's). */
+const voteOf = (file: FileDefinitions, term: string): Vote<WrittenDefinition>[] => {
+  const first = file.definitions.find((definition) => definition.term === term && definitionKey(definition.body) !== "");
+  return first === undefined ? [] : [{ path: file.path, value: first }];
+};
+
+const sameWording = (left: WrittenDefinition, right: WrittenDefinition): boolean => definitionKey(left.body) === definitionKey(right.body);
+
+/** The files that define a term in other words than most files of the run that define it. */
+export const definitionsOutOfStep = (files: readonly FileDefinitions[]): DefinitionOutOfStep[] => {
+  const terms = [...new Set(files.flatMap((file) => file.definitions.map((definition) => definition.term)))];
+  return terms.flatMap((term) => {
+    const tally = tallyVotes(
+      files.flatMap((file) => voteOf(file, term)),
+      sameWording,
+    );
+    const [usual] = tally?.usual ?? [];
+    if (tally === undefined || usual === undefined) return [];
+    return tally.odd.map((vote) => ({ path: vote.path, definition: vote.value, usual, files: tally.usual.length }));
+  });
+};

package/src/structure/issues.ts

@@ -84,6 +84,28 @@ export const danglingReferences = (tree: StructureNode, source: string): Structu
     .map((node) => ({ offset: node.span.start, values: { label: textOf(node, "label"), target: textOf(node, "target") } }));
 };
 
+/**
+ * 参照が指す節点。danglingReferences と同じ引き方（番地、章の短い番地、fallback）で、番号の付いたまとまりを引く。
+ * 同じ鍵の節点が二つ以上ある（番号の振り直しや別表の条）ときは、どれを指すのか決まらないので undefined。
+ */
+export const referenceResolver = (tree: StructureNode): ((reference: StructureNode) => StructureNode | undefined) => {
+  const byKey = new Map<string, StructureNode | null>();
+  inDocumentOrder(tree)
+    .filter((node) => NUMBERED.has(node.kind))
+    .forEach((node) => keysOf(node).forEach((key) => byKey.set(key, byKey.has(key) && byKey.get(key) !== node ? null : node)));
+  const resolve = (reference: StructureNode): StructureNode | undefined => {
+    const target = byKey.get(textOf(reference, "target"));
+    if (target !== undefined) return target ?? undefined;
+    return reference.attrs["fallback"] === undefined ? undefined : (byKey.get(fallbackKey(reference)) ?? undefined);
+  };
+  // Article 6 は Section 6 ではない。番号の書き方が両方にあって違えば、別の文書の条かもしれないので引かない。
+  return (reference) => {
+    const target = resolve(reference);
+    const written = numbering(reference);
+    return target === undefined || typeof written !== "string" || target.numbering === undefined || target.numbering === written ? target : undefined;
+  };
+};
+
 type Definition = { readonly node: StructureNode; readonly article: string };
 
 /** 定義を文書の順に、それが置かれた条の番地と一緒に並べる。範囲を限った定義は、その条の中でだけ比べるため。 */

package/src/structure/modal-conflict.ts

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ export type ModalStatement = { readonly offset: number; readonly type: string; r
 
 export type ModalConflict = { readonly statement: ModalStatement; readonly earlier: ModalStatement };
 
-const CONTENT: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(["NOUN", "PROPN", "VERB", "ADJ"]);
+export const CONTENT: ReadonlySet<string> = new Set(["NOUN", "PROPN", "VERB", "ADJ"]);
 
 /** 中身の語がこれより少ない文（"You must not."）は、何を決めているかが文の外にあるので比べない。 */
 const MIN_CONTENT_WORDS = 2;