cdp-toolkit 2.0.0 → 2.2.0

package/src/bidi/mux.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+/**
+ * The holder-hosted BiDi session multiplexer (design brief
+ * docs/design/2026-09-04-firefox-multi-agent-session-mux.md §2.1).
+ *
+ * WHY THIS EXISTS: Firefox serves exactly ONE WebDriver BiDi session, bound to
+ * exactly one socket — a second socket is refused at the HTTP upgrade, and a
+ * second session.new is refused with "Maximum number of active sessions". So a
+ * second cdp-toolkit PROCESS pointed at the same Firefox cannot drive it at
+ * all. The fix is that the process which wins the session slot (the "holder")
+ * also hosts a loopback WebSocket server that itself speaks BiDi, and every
+ * other process dials THAT with the same connectBidiSessionUrl it would use
+ * against Firefox. From a joiner's point of view a joined connection is
+ * indistinguishable from a real one: it does session.new, gets capabilities
+ * back, sends commands, receives events.
+ *
+ * WHY HAND-ROLLED RFC 6455: CONTRACT.md rule 1 — zero runtime dependencies.
+ * Node's global WebSocket is a CLIENT only; there is no server in the standard
+ * library, so the server half is `node:http` + the 'upgrade' event + about a
+ * hundred lines of framing here. It only ever binds loopback, and it only ever
+ * speaks text frames, which keeps the surface small enough to hand-verify.
+ *
+ * WHAT IS LOCAL AND WHAT IS FORWARDED: session.new/end/subscribe/unsubscribe/
+ * status are answered HERE (forwarding session.new would have Firefox refuse
+ * it, and forwarding session.end would kill everyone's session). Every other
+ * command is forwarded on the single upstream connection with the client's id
+ * mapped back onto the reply, so ids from different joiners never collide.
+ */
+import { createServer, type Server, type Socket } from "node:net";
+import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
+import { BidiError, type BidiConnection } from "./client.ts";
+import type { BidiEventName } from "./protocol.ts";
+
+/** RFC 6455 §1.3: the fixed GUID concatenated with Sec-WebSocket-Key. */
+const WS_GUID = "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11";
+/** A single BiDi message larger than this is a bug or an attack, not a payload. */
+const MAX_MESSAGE_BYTES = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
+/** Deliberately far longer than a joiner's own 15 s send timer: the joiner's
+ *  timeout must win the race, the mux must never be the thing that gives up. */
+const FORWARD_TIMEOUT_MS = 120_000;
+
+export interface BidiMux {
+  /** ws://127.0.0.1:<ephemeral>/session — what joiners dial. */
+  endpoint: string;
+  /** Live joined client sockets. */
+  clients(): number;
+  /** Close every client socket (code 1001 "holder closing") and stop listening. Idempotent. */
+  close(): Promise<void>;
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Minimal RFC 6455 server                                             */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/** One accepted client socket, framing hidden behind send/close callbacks. */
+export interface WsClient {
+  /** Send one unmasked text frame. No-op once the socket is gone. */
+  send(text: string): void;
+  /** Start the close handshake with `code`, then drop the socket. Idempotent. */
+  close(code: number, reason?: string): void;
+  /** Set by the owner before any data can arrive (assigned in onConnection). */
+  onMessage?: (message: string) => void;
+  onClose?: () => void;
+}
+
+export interface WsServer {
+  port: number;
+  clients: Set<WsClient>;
+  /** Destroy every client socket and stop listening. Resolves on 'close'. */
+  close(): Promise<void>;
+}
+
+function acceptKey(key: string): string {
+  return createHash("sha1").update(key + WS_GUID).digest("base64");
+}
+
+/** Build one unmasked server frame. Server frames are never masked (RFC 6455 §5.1). */
+function encodeFrame(opcode: number, payload: Buffer): Buffer {
+  const len = payload.length;
+  let header: Buffer;
+  if (len < 126) {
+    header = Buffer.alloc(2);
+    header[1] = len;
+  } else if (len < 65536) {
+    header = Buffer.alloc(4);
+    header[1] = 126;
+    header.writeUInt16BE(len, 2);
+  } else {
+    header = Buffer.alloc(10);
+    header[1] = 127;
+    header.writeBigUInt64BE(BigInt(len), 2);
+  }
+  header[0] = 0x80 | opcode; // FIN + opcode
+  return Buffer.concat([header, payload]);
+}
+
+function encodeClose(code: number, reason: string): Buffer {
+  const r = Buffer.from(reason, "utf8");
+  const body = Buffer.alloc(2 + r.length);
+  body.writeUInt16BE(code, 0);
+  r.copy(body, 2);
+  return encodeFrame(0x8, body);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Bind a loopback WebSocket server. `onConnection` receives each accepted
+ * client BEFORE any message is dispatched, so assigning onMessage there can
+ * never miss a frame (dispatch only happens on a later pass through the frame
+ * loop, after the handshake response has been written).
+ *
+ * WHY node:net AND A HAND-PARSED HANDSHAKE, not node:http's 'upgrade' event:
+ * under Bun 1.3.14 the Duplex handed to an 'upgrade' listener silently
+ * swallows writes — the 101 response never reaches the wire and every client
+ * hangs at connect (the same code works on Node 24). Measured 2026-09-04 with
+ * a raw net client on both runtimes. The handshake is one request line plus
+ * headers, so parsing it here costs ~25 lines and removes a whole runtime
+ * dependency's worth of behavioral difference.
+ */
+export function createWsServer(opts: {
+  host?: string;
+  port?: number;
+  path?: string;
+  onConnection: (client: WsClient) => void;
+}): Promise<WsServer> {
+  const host = opts.host ?? "127.0.0.1";
+  const path = opts.path ?? "/session";
+  const clients = new Set<WsClient>();
+  const sockets = new Set<Socket>();
+
+  const server: Server = createServer((socket: Socket) => {
+    sockets.add(socket);
+    socket.setNoDelay(true);
+
+    let buf: Buffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
+    let upgraded = false;
+    let fragments: Buffer[] = [];
+    let fragmentOpcode = -1;
+    let dead = false;
+    let client: WsClient | undefined;
+
+    const drop = (): void => {
+      if (dead) return;
+      dead = true;
+      sockets.delete(socket);
+      if (client) {
+        clients.delete(client);
+        try {
+          client.onClose?.();
+        } catch {
+          /* a handler must never take down the socket layer */
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    const dispatch = (payload: Buffer): void => {
+      try {
+        client?.onMessage?.(payload.toString("utf8"));
+      } catch {
+        /* a message handler's failure must not kill the connection */
+      }
+    };
+
+    /** Returns false when the socket has been closed and parsing must stop. */
+    function handshake(): boolean {
+      const end = buf.indexOf("\r\n\r\n");
+      if (end === -1) {
+        // A client that never finishes its request line is not a WebSocket.
+        if (buf.length > 16 * 1024) {
+          socket.end("HTTP/1.1 431 Request Header Fields Too Large\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n");
+          drop();
+          return false;
+        }
+        return false;
+      }
+      const header = buf.subarray(0, end).toString("latin1");
+      buf = buf.subarray(end + 4);
+      const lines = header.split("\r\n");
+      const reqPath = (lines[0] ?? "").split(" ")[1]?.split("?")[0] ?? "";
+      const headers = new Map<string, string>();
+      for (const line of lines.slice(1)) {
+        const i = line.indexOf(":");
+        if (i > 0) headers.set(line.slice(0, i).trim().toLowerCase(), line.slice(i + 1).trim());
+      }
+      if (reqPath !== path) {
+        socket.end("HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n");
+        drop();
+        return false;
+      }
+      const key = headers.get("sec-websocket-key");
+      if (!key || (headers.get("upgrade") ?? "").toLowerCase() !== "websocket") {
+        socket.end("HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n");
+        drop();
+        return false;
+      }
+      socket.write(
+        "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n" +
+          "Upgrade: websocket\r\n" +
+          "Connection: Upgrade\r\n" +
+          `Sec-WebSocket-Accept: ${acceptKey(key)}\r\n\r\n`,
+      );
+      upgraded = true;
+      const c: WsClient = {
+        send(text: string): void {
+          if (dead || socket.destroyed) return;
+          try {
+            socket.write(encodeFrame(0x1, Buffer.from(text, "utf8")));
+          } catch {
+            /* peer vanished mid-write; the 'close' event will clean up */
+          }
+        },
+        close(code: number, reason = ""): void {
+          if (dead || socket.destroyed) {
+            drop();
+            return;
+          }
+          try {
+            socket.write(encodeClose(code, reason));
+          } catch {
+            /* ignore */
+          }
+          drop();
+          try {
+            socket.end();
+          } catch {
+            /* ignore */
+          }
+        },
+      };
+      client = c;
+      clients.add(c);
+      opts.onConnection(c);
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    socket.on("data", (chunk: Buffer) => {
+      // NEVER throw out of a socket handler: an uncaught throw here is an
+      // unhandled 'error' on the process, not a failed request.
+      try {
+        buf = buf.length === 0 ? chunk : Buffer.concat([buf, chunk]);
+        if (!upgraded && !handshake()) return;
+        const c = client;
+        if (!c) return;
+        for (;;) {
+          if (dead) return;
+          if (buf.length < 2) return;
+          const b0 = buf[0]!;
+          const b1 = buf[1]!;
+          const fin = (b0 & 0x80) !== 0;
+          const opcode = b0 & 0x0f;
+          const masked = (b1 & 0x80) !== 0;
+          let len = b1 & 0x7f;
+          let off = 2;
+          if (len === 126) {
+            if (buf.length < off + 2) return;
+            len = buf.readUInt16BE(off);
+            off += 2;
+          } else if (len === 127) {
+            if (buf.length < off + 8) return;
+            const big = buf.readBigUInt64BE(off);
+            if (big > BigInt(MAX_MESSAGE_BYTES)) {
+              c.close(1009, "message too big");
+              return;
+            }
+            len = Number(big);
+            off += 8;
+          }
+          if (len > MAX_MESSAGE_BYTES) {
+            c.close(1009, "message too big");
+            return;
+          }
+          let maskKey: Buffer | undefined;
+          if (masked) {
+            if (buf.length < off + 4) return;
+            maskKey = buf.subarray(off, off + 4);
+            off += 4;
+          }
+          if (buf.length < off + len) return;
+          const payload = Buffer.from(buf.subarray(off, off + len));
+          buf = buf.subarray(off + len);
+          if (maskKey) {
+            for (let i = 0; i < payload.length; i++) payload[i] = payload[i]! ^ maskKey[i % 4]!;
+          }
+
+          if (opcode === 0x8) {
+            // Close handshake: echo the close, then let go of the socket.
+            const code = payload.length >= 2 ? payload.readUInt16BE(0) : 1000;
+            c.close(code === 1005 ? 1000 : code, "");
+            return;
+          }
+          if (opcode === 0x9) {
+            if (!socket.destroyed) socket.write(encodeFrame(0xa, payload));
+            continue;
+          }
+          if (opcode === 0xa) continue; // unsolicited pong: ignore
+          if (opcode === 0x2) {
+            c.close(1003, "binary frames unsupported");
+            return;
+          }
+          if (opcode === 0x1 || opcode === 0x0) {
+            if (opcode === 0x1) {
+              if (fragmentOpcode !== -1) {
+                c.close(1002, "interleaved fragments");
+                return;
+              }
+              if (fin) {
+                dispatch(payload);
+                continue;
+              }
+              fragmentOpcode = 0x1;
+              fragments = [payload];
+              continue;
+            }
+            if (fragmentOpcode === -1) {
+              c.close(1002, "continuation without start");
+              return;
+            }
+            fragments.push(payload);
+            const total = fragments.reduce((n, f) => n + f.length, 0);
+            if (total > MAX_MESSAGE_BYTES) {
+              c.close(1009, "message too big");
+              return;
+            }
+            if (fin) {
+              const whole = Buffer.concat(fragments);
+              fragments = [];
+              fragmentOpcode = -1;
+              dispatch(whole);
+            }
+            continue;
+          }
+          c.close(1002, "unsupported opcode");
+          return;
+        }
+      } catch {
+        try {
+          client?.close(1002, "protocol error");
+        } catch {
+          /* ignore */
+        }
+        drop();
+      }
+    });
+
+    socket.on("error", () => drop());
+    socket.on("close", () => drop());
+  });
+  return new Promise<WsServer>((resolve, reject) => {
+    server.once("error", reject);
+    server.listen(opts.port ?? 0, host, () => {
+      const addr = server.address();
+      const port = typeof addr === "object" && addr ? addr.port : 0;
+      let closing: Promise<void> | undefined;
+      resolve({
+        port,
+        clients,
+        close(): Promise<void> {
+          if (closing) return closing;
+          closing = new Promise<void>((res) => {
+            let done = false;
+            const finish = (): void => {
+              if (done) return;
+              done = true;
+              clearInterval(poll);
+              res();
+            };
+            // WHY THE POLL AND NOT JUST THE CALLBACK. Measured on Bun 1.3.14 (2026-09-04): once
+            // this server has accepted and lost a WebSocket client, neither server.close()'s
+            // callback nor the 'close' event ever fires, even with zero live clients and every
+            // tracked socket destroyed — a close() that hangs forever. `server.listening` DOES flip
+            // to false, and the listener really is shut, so that is the observable we resolve on.
+            // The callback/event paths are kept first because on Node they fire immediately.
+            const poll = setInterval(() => {
+              if (!server.listening) finish();
+            }, 20);
+            poll.unref?.();
+            server.close(finish);
+            server.once("close", finish);
+            for (const s of sockets) {
+              try {
+                s.destroy();
+              } catch {
+                /* ignore */
+              }
+            }
+            sockets.clear();
+          });
+          return closing;
+        },
+      });
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* The multiplexer                                                     */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+interface IncomingCommand {
+  id?: unknown;
+  method?: unknown;
+  params?: unknown;
+}
+
+interface MuxClientState {
+  sessionId: string;
+  subscribed: Set<string>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Host a BiDi multiplexer over ONE established upstream BidiConnection (the
+ * real Firefox session). Loopback only. Zero runtime deps: RFC 6455 server
+ * over node:http upgrade + hand framing.
+ */
+export async function startBidiMux(
+  upstream: BidiConnection,
+  opts: { host?: string; port?: number } = {},
+): Promise<BidiMux> {
+  const host = opts.host ?? "127.0.0.1";
+  const states = new Map<WsClient, MuxClientState>();
+  /** event name -> { count, off } — the REAL upstream subscription is
+   *  refcounted across joiners, so Firefox sees one subscribe and one
+   *  unsubscribe no matter how many joiners want the event. */
+  const subs = new Map<string, { count: number; off: () => void }>();
+  let sessionSeq = 0;
+  let closed = false;
+  let closing: Promise<void> | undefined;
+
+  const server = await createWsServer({
+    host,
+    port: opts.port ?? 0,
+    path: "/session",
+    onConnection: (client) => {
+      states.set(client, { sessionId: `mux-${++sessionSeq}`, subscribed: new Set() });
+      client.onMessage = (raw) => void handleMessage(client, raw);
+      client.onClose = () => releaseClient(client);
+    },
+  });
+
+  const endpoint = `ws://${host}:${server.port}/session`;
+
+  function send(client: WsClient, obj: unknown): void {
+    client.send(JSON.stringify(obj));
+  }
+
+  function fanOut(event: string, params: unknown): void {
+    for (const [client, state] of states) {
+      if (state.subscribed.has(event)) send(client, { type: "event", method: event, params });
+    }
+  }
+
+  function subscribeOne(client: WsClient, event: string): void {
+    const state = states.get(client);
+    if (!state || state.subscribed.has(event)) return;
+    state.subscribed.add(event);
+    const existing = subs.get(event);
+    if (existing) {
+      existing.count++;
+      return;
+    }
+    const off = upstream.on(event as BidiEventName, (params: unknown) => fanOut(event, params));
+    subs.set(event, { count: 1, off });
+  }
+
+  function unsubscribeOne(client: WsClient, event: string): void {
+    const state = states.get(client);
+    if (!state || !state.subscribed.has(event)) return;
+    state.subscribed.delete(event);
+    const entry = subs.get(event);
+    if (!entry) return;
+    entry.count--;
+    if (entry.count <= 0) {
+      subs.delete(event);
+      try {
+        entry.off();
+      } catch {
+        /* teardown is best effort */
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function releaseClient(client: WsClient): void {
+    const state = states.get(client);
+    if (!state) return;
+    for (const event of [...state.subscribed]) unsubscribeOne(client, event);
+    states.delete(client);
+  }
+
+  function eventsOf(params: unknown): string[] {
+    const raw = (params as { events?: unknown } | undefined)?.events;
+    return Array.isArray(raw) ? raw.filter((e): e is string => typeof e === "string") : [];
+  }
+
+  async function handleMessage(client: WsClient, raw: string): Promise<void> {
+    let msg: IncomingCommand;
+    try {
+      msg = JSON.parse(raw) as IncomingCommand;
+    } catch {
+      client.close(1002, "invalid JSON");
+      return;
+    }
+    const id = msg.id;
+    const method = msg.method;
+    if (typeof id !== "number" || typeof method !== "string") {
+      // Not a command we can answer, and answering the wrong id is worse than
+      // silence: a joiner's own send() timer will surface the loss.
+      return;
+    }
+    const params = msg.params;
+    // A joiner that skipped session.new still gets a state (created on
+    // connect), so every local command is answerable at any time.
+    const state = states.get(client);
+
+    if (method === "session.new") {
+      send(client, {
+        type: "success",
+        id,
+        result: { sessionId: state?.sessionId ?? `mux-${++sessionSeq}`, capabilities: upstream.capabilities },
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+    if (method === "session.end") {
+      // Local ONLY: ending the real session would take every other joiner
+      // down with it, and the joiner's tabs are browser state, not session
+      // state, so they survive untouched.
+      releaseClient(client);
+      if (state) states.set(client, { sessionId: state.sessionId, subscribed: new Set() });
+      send(client, { type: "success", id, result: {} });
+      return;
+    }
+    if (method === "session.subscribe" || method === "session.unsubscribe") {
+      // A `contexts` argument is accepted and treated as global: this
+      // toolkit's BidiConnection.on() only ever subscribes by event name.
+      for (const event of eventsOf(params)) {
+        if (method === "session.subscribe") subscribeOne(client, event);
+        else unsubscribeOne(client, event);
+      }
+      send(client, { type: "success", id, result: {} });
+      return;
+    }
+    if (method === "session.status") {
+      send(client, { type: "success", id, result: { ready: false, message: "multiplexed" } });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const result = await upstream.send(method as never, params as never, {
+        timeoutMs: FORWARD_TIMEOUT_MS,
+      });
+      send(client, { type: "success", id, result });
+    } catch (e) {
+      const err = e as BidiError;
+      const message = err?.message ?? String(e);
+      send(client, {
+        type: "error",
+        id,
+        error: (err instanceof BidiError ? err.code : undefined) ?? "unknown error",
+        message,
+      });
+      // A forward that failed because the upstream socket is gone is the
+      // earliest signal we get — BidiConnection exposes no onclose hook.
+      if (/connection closed|connection disposed|connection not open/.test(message)) {
+        void closeAll();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // The forwarded-rejection path above only fires when someone sends a
+  // command; an IDLE joiner would never learn the holder died. This unref'd
+  // poll is the other half — it costs nothing and never keeps a process alive.
+  const watchdog = setInterval(() => {
+    if (!upstream.isOpen) void closeAll();
+  }, 250);
+  watchdog.unref?.();
+
+  function closeAll(): Promise<void> {
+    if (closing) return closing;
+    closed = true;
+    clearInterval(watchdog);
+    closing = (async () => {
+      for (const [client] of [...states]) {
+        try {
+          client.close(1001, "holder closing");
+        } catch {
+          /* ignore */
+        }
+      }
+      states.clear();
+      for (const [, entry] of subs) {
+        try {
+          entry.off();
+        } catch {
+          /* ignore */
+        }
+      }
+      subs.clear();
+      await server.close();
+    })();
+    return closing;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    endpoint,
+    clients(): number {
+      return closed ? 0 : server.clients.size;
+    },
+    close(): Promise<void> {
+      return closeAll();
+    },
+  };
+}