ccxt 4.5.3 → 4.5.5

package/js/src/pro/backpack.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1318 @@
+//  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import backpackRest from '../backpack.js';
+import { ArgumentsRequired, ExchangeError } from '../base/errors.js';
+import { ArrayCache, ArrayCacheBySymbolById, ArrayCacheByTimestamp } from '../base/ws/Cache.js';
+import { eddsa } from '../base/functions/crypto.js';
+import { ed25519 } from '../static_dependencies/noble-curves/ed25519.js';
+//  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+export default class backpack extends backpackRest {
+    describe() {
+        return this.deepExtend(super.describe(), {
+            'has': {
+                'ws': true,
+                'watchBalance': false,
+                'watchBidsAsks': true,
+                'watchMyTrades': false,
+                'watchOHLCV': true,
+                'watchOHLCVForSymbols': true,
+                'watchOrderBook': true,
+                'watchOrderBookForSymbols': true,
+                'watchOrders': true,
+                'watchPositions': true,
+                'watchTicker': true,
+                'watchTickers': true,
+                'watchTrades': true,
+                'watchTradesForSymbols': true,
+                'unwatchBidsAsks': true,
+                'unwatchOHLCV': true,
+                'unwatchOHLCVForSymbols': true,
+                'unwatchOrderBook': true,
+                'unwatchOrderBookForSymbols': true,
+                'unwatchTicker': true,
+                'unwatchTickers': true,
+                'unWatchTrades': true,
+                'unWatchTradesForSymbols': true,
+                'unWatchOrders': true,
+                'unWatchPositions': true,
+            },
+            'urls': {
+                'api': {
+                    'ws': {
+                        'public': 'wss://ws.backpack.exchange',
+                        'private': 'wss://ws.backpack.exchange',
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+            'options': {
+                'timeframes': {},
+            },
+            'streaming': {
+                'ping': this.ping,
+                'keepAlive': 119000,
+            },
+        });
+    }
+    async watchPublic(topics, messageHashes, params = {}, unwatch = false) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const url = this.urls['api']['ws']['public'];
+        const method = unwatch ? 'UNSUBSCRIBE' : 'SUBSCRIBE';
+        const request = {
+            'method': method,
+            'params': topics,
+        };
+        const message = this.deepExtend(request, params);
+        if (unwatch) {
+            this.handleUnsubscriptions(url, messageHashes, message);
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        return await this.watchMultiple(url, messageHashes, message, messageHashes);
+    }
+    async watchPrivate(topics, messageHashes, params = {}, unwatch = false) {
+        this.checkRequiredCredentials();
+        const url = this.urls['api']['ws']['private'];
+        const instruction = 'subscribe';
+        const ts = this.nonce().toString();
+        const method = unwatch ? 'UNSUBSCRIBE' : 'SUBSCRIBE';
+        const recvWindow = this.safeString2(this.options, 'recvWindow', 'X-Window', '5000');
+        const payload = 'instruction=' + instruction + '&' + 'timestamp=' + ts + '&window=' + recvWindow;
+        const secretBytes = this.base64ToBinary(this.secret);
+        const seed = this.arraySlice(secretBytes, 0, 32);
+        const signature = eddsa(this.encode(payload), seed, ed25519);
+        const request = {
+            'method': method,
+            'params': topics,
+            'signature': [this.apiKey, signature, ts, recvWindow],
+        };
+        const message = this.deepExtend(request, params);
+        if (unwatch) {
+            this.handleUnsubscriptions(url, messageHashes, message);
+            return undefined;
+        }
+        return await this.watchMultiple(url, messageHashes, message, messageHashes);
+    }
+    handleUnsubscriptions(url, messageHashes, message) {
+        const client = this.client(url);
+        this.watchMultiple(url, messageHashes, message, messageHashes);
+        for (let i = 0; i < messageHashes.length; i++) {
+            const messageHash = messageHashes[i];
+            const subMessageHash = messageHash.replace('unsubscribe:', '');
+            this.cleanUnsubscription(client, subMessageHash, messageHash);
+            if (messageHash.indexOf('ticker') >= 0) {
+                const symbol = messageHash.replace('unsubscribe:ticker:', '');
+                if (symbol in this.tickers) {
+                    delete this.tickers[symbol];
+                }
+            }
+            else if (messageHash.indexOf('bidask') >= 0) {
+                const symbol = messageHash.replace('unsubscribe:bidask:', '');
+                if (symbol in this.bidsasks) {
+                    delete this.bidsasks[symbol];
+                }
+            }
+            else if (messageHash.indexOf('candles') >= 0) {
+                const splitHashes = messageHash.split(':');
+                const symbol = this.safeString(splitHashes, 2);
+                const timeframe = this.safeString(splitHashes, 3);
+                if (symbol in this.ohlcvs) {
+                    if (timeframe in this.ohlcvs[symbol]) {
+                        delete this.ohlcvs[symbol][timeframe];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else if (messageHash.indexOf('orderbook') >= 0) {
+                const symbol = messageHash.replace('unsubscribe:orderbook:', '');
+                if (symbol in this.orderbooks) {
+                    delete this.orderbooks[symbol];
+                }
+            }
+            else if (messageHash.indexOf('trades') >= 0) {
+                const symbol = messageHash.replace('unsubscribe:trades:', '');
+                if (symbol in this.trades) {
+                    delete this.trades[symbol];
+                }
+            }
+            else if (messageHash.indexOf('orders') >= 0) {
+                if (messageHash === 'unsubscribe:orders') {
+                    const cache = this.orders;
+                    const keys = Object.keys(cache);
+                    for (let j = 0; j < keys.length; j++) {
+                        const symbol = keys[j];
+                        delete this.orders[symbol];
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    const symbol = messageHash.replace('unsubscribe:orders:', '');
+                    if (symbol in this.orders) {
+                        delete this.orders[symbol];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else if (messageHash.indexOf('positions') >= 0) {
+                if (messageHash === 'unsubscribe:positions') {
+                    const cache = this.positions;
+                    const keys = Object.keys(cache);
+                    for (let j = 0; j < keys.length; j++) {
+                        const symbol = keys[j];
+                        delete this.positions[symbol];
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    const symbol = messageHash.replace('unsubscribe:positions:', '');
+                    if (symbol in this.positions) {
+                        delete this.positions[symbol];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#watchTicker
+     * @description watches a price ticker, a statistical calculation with the information calculated over the past 24 hours for a specific market
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/Ticker
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [ticker structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async watchTicker(symbol, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const market = this.market(symbol);
+        symbol = market['symbol'];
+        const topic = 'ticker' + '.' + market['id'];
+        const messageHash = 'ticker' + ':' + symbol;
+        return await this.watchPublic([topic], [messageHash], params);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#unWatchTicker
+     * @description unWatches a price ticker, a statistical calculation with the information calculated over the past 24 hours for a specific market
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/Ticker
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [ticker structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async unWatchTicker(symbol, params = {}) {
+        return await this.unWatchTickers([symbol], params);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#watchTickers
+     * @description watches a price ticker, a statistical calculation with the information calculated over the past 24 hours for all markets of a specific list
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/Ticker
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [ticker structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async watchTickers(symbols = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols, undefined, false);
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        const topics = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+            const symbol = symbols[i];
+            const marketId = this.marketId(symbol);
+            messageHashes.push('ticker:' + symbol);
+            topics.push('ticker.' + marketId);
+        }
+        await this.watchPublic(topics, messageHashes, params);
+        return this.filterByArray(this.tickers, 'symbol', symbols);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#unWatchTickers
+     * @description watches a price ticker, a statistical calculation with the information calculated over the past 24 hours for all markets of a specific list
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/Ticker
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [ticker structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async unWatchTickers(symbols = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols, undefined, false);
+        const topics = [];
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+            const symbol = symbols[i];
+            const marketId = this.marketId(symbol);
+            topics.push('ticker.' + marketId);
+            messageHashes.push('unsubscribe:ticker:' + symbol);
+        }
+        return await this.watchPublic(topics, messageHashes, params, true);
+    }
+    handleTicker(client, message) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         data: {
+        //             E: '1754176123312507',
+        //             V: '19419526.742584',
+        //             c: '3398.57',
+        //             e: 'ticker',
+        //             h: '3536.65',
+        //             l: '3371.8',
+        //             n: 17152,
+        //             o: '3475.45',
+        //             s: 'ETH_USDC',
+        //             v: '5573.5827'
+        //         },
+        //         stream: 'bookTicker.ETH_USDC'
+        //     }
+        //
+        const ticker = this.safeDict(message, 'data', {});
+        const marketId = this.safeString(ticker, 's');
+        const market = this.safeMarket(marketId);
+        const symbol = this.safeSymbol(marketId, market);
+        const parsedTicker = this.parseWsTicker(ticker, market);
+        const messageHash = 'ticker' + ':' + symbol;
+        this.tickers[symbol] = parsedTicker;
+        client.resolve(parsedTicker, messageHash);
+    }
+    parseWsTicker(ticker, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         E: '1754178406415232',
+        //         V: '19303818.6923',
+        //         c: '3407.54',
+        //         e: 'ticker',
+        //         h: '3536.65',
+        //         l: '3369.18',
+        //         n: 17272,
+        //         o: '3481.71',
+        //         s: 'ETH_USDC',
+        //         v: '5542.3911'
+        //     }
+        //
+        const microseconds = this.safeInteger(ticker, 'E');
+        const timestamp = this.parseToInt(microseconds / 1000);
+        const marketId = this.safeString(ticker, 's');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market);
+        const symbol = this.safeSymbol(marketId, market);
+        const last = this.safeString(ticker, 'c');
+        const open = this.safeString(ticker, 'o');
+        return this.safeTicker({
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'high': this.safeNumber(ticker, 'h'),
+            'low': this.safeNumber(ticker, 'l'),
+            'bid': undefined,
+            'bidVolume': undefined,
+            'ask': undefined,
+            'askVolume': undefined,
+            'vwap': undefined,
+            'open': open,
+            'close': last,
+            'last': last,
+            'previousClose': undefined,
+            'change': undefined,
+            'percentage': undefined,
+            'average': undefined,
+            'baseVolume': this.safeString(ticker, 'v'),
+            'quoteVolume': this.safeString(ticker, 'V'),
+            'info': ticker,
+        }, market);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#watchBidsAsks
+     * @description watches best bid & ask for symbols
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/Book-ticker
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [ticker structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async watchBidsAsks(symbols = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols, undefined, false);
+        const topics = [];
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+            const symbol = symbols[i];
+            const marketId = this.marketId(symbol);
+            topics.push('bookTicker.' + marketId);
+            messageHashes.push('bidask:' + symbol);
+        }
+        await this.watchPublic(topics, messageHashes, params);
+        return this.filterByArray(this.bidsasks, 'symbol', symbols);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#unWatchBidsAsks
+     * @description unWatches best bid & ask for symbols
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [ticker structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async unWatchBidsAsks(symbols = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols, undefined, false);
+        const topics = [];
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+            const symbol = symbols[i];
+            const marketId = this.marketId(symbol);
+            topics.push('bookTicker.' + marketId);
+            messageHashes.push('unsubscribe:bidask:' + symbol);
+        }
+        return await this.watchPublic(topics, messageHashes, params, true);
+    }
+    handleBidAsk(client, message) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         data: {
+        //             A: '0.4087',
+        //             B: '0.0020',
+        //             E: '1754517402450016',
+        //             T: '1754517402449064',
+        //             a: '3667.50',
+        //             b: '3667.49',
+        //             e: 'bookTicker',
+        //             s: 'ETH_USDC',
+        //             u: 1328288557
+        //         },
+        //         stream: 'bookTicker.ETH_USDC'
+        //     }
+        const data = this.safeDict(message, 'data', {});
+        const marketId = this.safeString(data, 's');
+        const market = this.safeMarket(marketId);
+        const symbol = this.safeSymbol(marketId, market);
+        const parsedBidAsk = this.parseWsBidAsk(data, market);
+        const messageHash = 'bidask' + ':' + symbol;
+        this.bidsasks[symbol] = parsedBidAsk;
+        client.resolve(parsedBidAsk, messageHash);
+    }
+    parseWsBidAsk(ticker, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         A: '0.4087',
+        //         B: '0.0020',
+        //         E: '1754517402450016',
+        //         T: '1754517402449064',
+        //         a: '3667.50',
+        //         b: '3667.49',
+        //         e: 'bookTicker',
+        //         s: 'ETH_USDC',
+        //         u: 1328288557
+        //     }
+        //
+        const marketId = this.safeString(ticker, 's');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market);
+        const symbol = this.safeString(market, 'symbol');
+        const microseconds = this.safeInteger(ticker, 'E');
+        const timestamp = this.parseToInt(microseconds / 1000);
+        const ask = this.safeString(ticker, 'a');
+        const askVolume = this.safeString(ticker, 'A');
+        const bid = this.safeString(ticker, 'b');
+        const bidVolume = this.safeString(ticker, 'B');
+        return this.safeTicker({
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'ask': ask,
+            'askVolume': askVolume,
+            'bid': bid,
+            'bidVolume': bidVolume,
+            'info': ticker,
+        }, market);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#watchOHLCV
+     * @description watches historical candlestick data containing the open, high, low, close price, and the volume of a market
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/K-Line
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch OHLCV data for
+     * @param {string} timeframe the length of time each candle represents
+     * @param {int} [since] timestamp in ms of the earliest candle to fetch
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum amount of candles to fetch
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {int[][]} A list of candles ordered as timestamp, open, high, low, close, volume
+     */
+    async watchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe = '1m', since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        const result = await this.watchOHLCVForSymbols([[symbol, timeframe]], since, limit, params);
+        return result[symbol][timeframe];
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#unWatchOHLCV
+     * @description watches historical candlestick data containing the open, high, low, and close price, and the volume of a market
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/K-Line
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch OHLCV data for
+     * @param {string} timeframe the length of time each candle represents
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {int[][]} A list of candles ordered as timestamp, open, high, low, close, volume
+     */
+    async unWatchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe = '1m', params = {}) {
+        return await this.unWatchOHLCVForSymbols([[symbol, timeframe]], params);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#watchOHLCVForSymbols
+     * @description watches historical candlestick data containing the open, high, low, close price, and the volume of a market
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/K-Line
+     * @param {string[][]} symbolsAndTimeframes array of arrays containing unified symbols and timeframes to fetch OHLCV data for, example [['BTC/USDT', '1m'], ['LTC/USDT', '5m']]
+     * @param {int} [since] timestamp in ms of the earliest candle to fetch
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum amount of candles to fetch
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {int[][]} A list of candles ordered as timestamp, open, high, low, close, volume
+     */
+    async watchOHLCVForSymbols(symbolsAndTimeframes, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        const symbolsLength = symbolsAndTimeframes.length;
+        if (symbolsLength === 0 || !Array.isArray(symbolsAndTimeframes[0])) {
+            throw new ArgumentsRequired(this.id + " watchOHLCVForSymbols() requires a an array of symbols and timeframes, like  ['ETH/USDC', '1m']");
+        }
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const topics = [];
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbolsAndTimeframes.length; i++) {
+            const symbolAndTimeframe = symbolsAndTimeframes[i];
+            const marketId = this.safeString(symbolAndTimeframe, 0);
+            const market = this.market(marketId);
+            const tf = this.safeString(symbolAndTimeframe, 1);
+            const interval = this.safeString(this.timeframes, tf, tf);
+            topics.push('kline.' + interval + '.' + market['id']);
+            messageHashes.push('candles:' + market['symbol'] + ':' + interval);
+        }
+        const [symbol, timeframe, candles] = await this.watchPublic(topics, messageHashes, params);
+        if (this.newUpdates) {
+            limit = candles.getLimit(symbol, limit);
+        }
+        const filtered = this.filterBySinceLimit(candles, since, limit, 0, true);
+        return this.createOHLCVObject(symbol, timeframe, filtered);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#unWatchOHLCVForSymbols
+     * @description unWatches historical candlestick data containing the open, high, low, and close price, and the volume of a market
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/K-Line
+     * @param {string[][]} symbolsAndTimeframes array of arrays containing unified symbols and timeframes to fetch OHLCV data for, example [['BTC/USDT', '1m'], ['LTC/USDT', '5m']]
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {int[][]} A list of candles ordered as timestamp, open, high, low, close, volume
+     */
+    async unWatchOHLCVForSymbols(symbolsAndTimeframes, params = {}) {
+        const symbolsLength = symbolsAndTimeframes.length;
+        if (symbolsLength === 0 || !Array.isArray(symbolsAndTimeframes[0])) {
+            throw new ArgumentsRequired(this.id + " unWatchOHLCVForSymbols() requires a an array of symbols and timeframes, like  ['ETH/USDC', '1m']");
+        }
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        const topics = [];
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbolsAndTimeframes.length; i++) {
+            const symbolAndTimeframe = symbolsAndTimeframes[i];
+            const marketId = this.safeString(symbolAndTimeframe, 0);
+            const market = this.market(marketId);
+            const tf = this.safeString(symbolAndTimeframe, 1);
+            const interval = this.safeString(this.timeframes, tf, tf);
+            topics.push('kline.' + interval + '.' + market['id']);
+            messageHashes.push('unsubscribe:candles:' + market['symbol'] + ':' + interval);
+        }
+        return await this.watchPublic(topics, messageHashes, params, true);
+    }
+    handleOHLCV(client, message) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         data: {
+        //             E: '1754519557526056',
+        //             T: '2025-08-07T00:00:00',
+        //             X: false,
+        //             c: '3680.520000000',
+        //             e: 'kline',
+        //             h: '3681.370000000',
+        //             l: '3667.650000000',
+        //             n: 255,
+        //             o: '3670.150000000',
+        //             s: 'ETH_USDC',
+        //             t: '2025-08-06T22:00:00',
+        //             v: '62.2621000'
+        //         },
+        //         stream: 'kline.2h.ETH_USDC'
+        //     }
+        //
+        const data = this.safeDict(message, 'data', {});
+        const marketId = this.safeString(data, 's');
+        const market = this.market(marketId);
+        const symbol = market['symbol'];
+        const stream = this.safeString(message, 'stream');
+        const parts = stream.split('.');
+        const timeframe = this.safeString(parts, 1);
+        if (!(symbol in this.ohlcvs)) {
+            this.ohlcvs[symbol] = {};
+        }
+        if (!(timeframe in this.ohlcvs[symbol])) {
+            const limit = this.safeInteger(this.options, 'OHLCVLimit', 1000);
+            const stored = new ArrayCacheByTimestamp(limit);
+            this.ohlcvs[symbol][timeframe] = stored;
+        }
+        const ohlcv = this.ohlcvs[symbol][timeframe];
+        const parsed = this.parseWsOHLCV(data);
+        ohlcv.append(parsed);
+        const messageHash = 'candles:' + symbol + ':' + timeframe;
+        client.resolve([symbol, timeframe, ohlcv], messageHash);
+    }
+    parseWsOHLCV(ohlcv, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         E: '1754519557526056',
+        //         T: '2025-08-07T00:00:00',
+        //         X: false,
+        //         c: '3680.520000000',
+        //         e: 'kline',
+        //         h: '3681.370000000',
+        //         l: '3667.650000000',
+        //         n: 255,
+        //         o: '3670.150000000',
+        //         s: 'ETH_USDC',
+        //         t: '2025-08-06T22:00:00',
+        //         v: '62.2621000'
+        //     },
+        //
+        return [
+            this.parse8601(this.safeString(ohlcv, 'T')),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, 'o'),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, 'h'),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, 'l'),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, 'c'),
+            this.safeNumber(ohlcv, 'v'),
+        ];
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#watchTrades
+     * @description watches information on multiple trades made in a market
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/Trade
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch the ticker for
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch trades for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of trade structures to retrieve
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [ticker structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async watchTrades(symbol, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        return await this.watchTradesForSymbols([symbol], since, limit, params);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#unWatchTrades
+     * @description unWatches from the stream channel
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/Trade
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch trades for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [trade structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=public-trades}
+     */
+    async unWatchTrades(symbol, params = {}) {
+        return await this.unWatchTradesForSymbols([symbol], params);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#watchTradesForSymbols
+     * @description watches information on multiple trades made in a market
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/Trade
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified symbol of the market to fetch trades for
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch trades for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of trade structures to retrieve
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} a [ticker structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=ticker-structure}
+     */
+    async watchTradesForSymbols(symbols, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols);
+        const symbolsLength = symbols.length;
+        if (symbolsLength === 0) {
+            throw new ArgumentsRequired(this.id + ' watchTradesForSymbols() requires a non-empty array of symbols');
+        }
+        const topics = [];
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+            const symbol = symbols[i];
+            const marketId = this.marketId(symbol);
+            topics.push('trade.' + marketId);
+            messageHashes.push('trades:' + symbol);
+        }
+        const trades = await this.watchPublic(topics, messageHashes, params);
+        if (this.newUpdates) {
+            const first = this.safeValue(trades, 0);
+            const tradeSymbol = this.safeString(first, 'symbol');
+            limit = trades.getLimit(tradeSymbol, limit);
+        }
+        return this.filterBySinceLimit(trades, since, limit, 'timestamp', true);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#unWatchTradesForSymbols
+     * @description unWatches from the stream channel
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/Trade
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified symbol of the market to fetch trades for
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [trade structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=public-trades}
+     */
+    async unWatchTradesForSymbols(symbols, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols);
+        const symbolsLength = symbols.length;
+        if (symbolsLength === 0) {
+            throw new ArgumentsRequired(this.id + ' unWatchTradesForSymbols() requires a non-empty array of symbols');
+        }
+        const topics = [];
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+            const symbol = symbols[i];
+            const marketId = this.marketId(symbol);
+            topics.push('trade.' + marketId);
+            messageHashes.push('unsubscribe:trades:' + symbol);
+        }
+        return await this.watchPublic(topics, messageHashes, params, true);
+    }
+    handleTrades(client, message) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         data: {
+        //             E: '1754601477746429',
+        //             T: '1754601477744000',
+        //             a: '5121860761',
+        //             b: '5121861755',
+        //             e: 'trade',
+        //             m: false,
+        //             p: '3870.25',
+        //             q: '0.0008',
+        //             s: 'ETH_USDC_PERP',
+        //             t: 10782547
+        //         },
+        //         stream: 'trade.ETH_USDC_PERP'
+        //     }
+        //
+        const data = this.safeDict(message, 'data', {});
+        const marketId = this.safeString(data, 's');
+        const market = this.market(marketId);
+        const symbol = market['symbol'];
+        if (!(symbol in this.trades)) {
+            const limit = this.safeInteger(this.options, 'tradesLimit', 1000);
+            const stored = new ArrayCache(limit);
+            this.trades[symbol] = stored;
+        }
+        const cache = this.trades[symbol];
+        const trade = this.parseWsTrade(data, market);
+        cache.append(trade);
+        const messageHash = 'trades:' + symbol;
+        client.resolve(cache, messageHash);
+        client.resolve(cache, 'trades');
+    }
+    parseWsTrade(trade, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         E: '1754601477746429',
+        //         T: '1754601477744000',
+        //         a: '5121860761',
+        //         b: '5121861755',
+        //         e: 'trade',
+        //         m: false,
+        //         p: '3870.25',
+        //         q: '0.0008',
+        //         s: 'ETH_USDC_PERP',
+        //         t: 10782547
+        //     }
+        //
+        const microseconds = this.safeInteger(trade, 'E');
+        const timestamp = this.parseToInt(microseconds / 1000);
+        const id = this.safeString(trade, 't');
+        const marketId = this.safeString(trade, 's');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market);
+        const isMaker = this.safeBool(trade, 'm');
+        const side = isMaker ? 'sell' : 'buy';
+        const takerOrMaker = isMaker ? 'maker' : 'taker';
+        const price = this.safeString(trade, 'p');
+        const amount = this.safeString(trade, 'q');
+        let orderId = undefined;
+        if (side === 'buy') {
+            orderId = this.safeString(trade, 'b');
+        }
+        else {
+            orderId = this.safeString(trade, 'a');
+        }
+        return this.safeTrade({
+            'info': trade,
+            'id': id,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'symbol': market['symbol'],
+            'order': orderId,
+            'type': undefined,
+            'side': side,
+            'takerOrMaker': takerOrMaker,
+            'price': price,
+            'amount': amount,
+            'cost': undefined,
+            'fee': {
+                'currency': undefined,
+                'cost': undefined,
+            },
+        }, market);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#watchOrderBook
+     * @description watches information on open orders with bid (buy) and ask (sell) prices, volumes and other data
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/Depth
+     * @param {string} symbol unified symbol of the market to fetch the order book for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum amount of order book entries to return
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} A dictionary of [order book structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-book-structure} indexed by market symbols
+     */
+    async watchOrderBook(symbol, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        return await this.watchOrderBookForSymbols([symbol], limit, params);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#watchOrderBookForSymbols
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Public/Depth
+     * @description watches information on open orders with bid (buy) and ask (sell) prices, volumes and other data
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified array of symbols
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum amount of order book entries to return
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {string} [params.method] either '/market/level2' or '/spotMarket/level2Depth5' or '/spotMarket/level2Depth50' default is '/market/level2'
+     * @returns {object} A dictionary of [order book structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-book-structure} indexed by market symbols
+     */
+    async watchOrderBookForSymbols(symbols, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols, undefined, false);
+        const marketIds = this.marketIds(symbols);
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        const topics = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+            const symbol = symbols[i];
+            messageHashes.push('orderbook:' + symbol);
+            const marketId = marketIds[i];
+            const topic = 'depth.' + marketId;
+            topics.push(topic);
+        }
+        const orderbook = await this.watchPublic(topics, messageHashes, params);
+        return orderbook.limit(); // todo check if limit is needed
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#unWatchOrderBook
+     * @description unWatches information on open orders with bid (buy) and ask (sell) prices, volumes and other data
+     * @param {string} symbol unified array of symbols
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object} A dictionary of [order book structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-book-structure} indexed by market symbols
+     */
+    async unWatchOrderBook(symbol, params = {}) {
+        return await this.unWatchOrderBookForSymbols([symbol], params);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name kucoin#unWatchOrderBookForSymbols
+     * @description unWatches information on open orders with bid (buy) and ask (sell) prices, volumes and other data
+     * @param {string[]} symbols unified array of symbols
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @param {string} [params.method] either '/market/level2' or '/spotMarket/level2Depth5' or '/spotMarket/level2Depth50' default is '/market/level2'
+     * @returns {object} A dictionary of [order book structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-book-structure} indexed by market symbols
+     */
+    async unWatchOrderBookForSymbols(symbols, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols, undefined, false);
+        const marketIds = this.marketIds(symbols);
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        const topics = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+            const symbol = symbols[i];
+            messageHashes.push('unsubscribe:orderbook:' + symbol);
+            const marketId = marketIds[i];
+            const topic = 'depth.' + marketId;
+            topics.push(topic);
+        }
+        return await this.watchPublic(topics, messageHashes, params, true);
+    }
+    handleOrderBook(client, message) {
+        //
+        // initial snapshot is fetched with ccxt's fetchOrderBook
+        // the feed does not include a snapshot, just the deltas
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         "data": {
+        //             "E": "1754903057555305",
+        //             "T": "1754903057554352",
+        //             "U": 1345937436,
+        //             "a": [],
+        //             "b": [],
+        //             "e": "depth",
+        //             "s": "ETH_USDC",
+        //             "u": 1345937436
+        //         },
+        //         "stream": "depth.ETH_USDC"
+        //     }
+        //
+        const data = this.safeDict(message, 'data', {});
+        const marketId = this.safeString(data, 's');
+        const symbol = this.safeSymbol(marketId);
+        if (!(symbol in this.orderbooks)) {
+            this.orderbooks[symbol] = this.orderBook();
+        }
+        const storedOrderBook = this.orderbooks[symbol];
+        const nonce = this.safeInteger(storedOrderBook, 'nonce');
+        const deltaNonce = this.safeInteger(data, 'u');
+        const messageHash = 'orderbook:' + symbol;
+        if (nonce === undefined) {
+            const cacheLength = storedOrderBook.cache.length;
+            // the rest API is very delayed
+            // usually it takes at least 9 deltas to resolve
+            const snapshotDelay = this.handleOption('watchOrderBook', 'snapshotDelay', 10);
+            if (cacheLength === snapshotDelay) {
+                this.spawn(this.loadOrderBook, client, messageHash, symbol, null, {});
+            }
+            storedOrderBook.cache.push(data);
+            return;
+        }
+        else if (nonce >= deltaNonce) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this.handleDelta(storedOrderBook, data);
+        client.resolve(storedOrderBook, messageHash);
+    }
+    handleDelta(orderbook, delta) {
+        const timestamp = this.parseToInt(this.safeInteger(delta, 'T') / 1000);
+        orderbook['timestamp'] = timestamp;
+        orderbook['datetime'] = this.iso8601(timestamp);
+        orderbook['nonce'] = this.safeInteger(delta, 'u');
+        const bids = this.safeDict(delta, 'b', []);
+        const asks = this.safeDict(delta, 'a', []);
+        const storedBids = orderbook['bids'];
+        const storedAsks = orderbook['asks'];
+        this.handleBidAsks(storedBids, bids);
+        this.handleBidAsks(storedAsks, asks);
+    }
+    handleBidAsks(bookSide, bidAsks) {
+        for (let i = 0; i < bidAsks.length; i++) {
+            const bidAsk = this.parseBidAsk(bidAsks[i]);
+            bookSide.storeArray(bidAsk);
+        }
+    }
+    getCacheIndex(orderbook, cache) {
+        const firstDelta = this.safeDict(cache, 0);
+        const nonce = this.safeInteger(orderbook, 'nonce');
+        const firstDeltaStart = this.safeInteger(firstDelta, 'sequenceStart');
+        if (nonce < firstDeltaStart - 1) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        for (let i = 0; i < cache.length; i++) {
+            const delta = cache[i];
+            const deltaStart = this.safeInteger(delta, 'sequenceStart');
+            const deltaEnd = this.safeInteger(delta, 'sequenceEnd');
+            if ((nonce >= deltaStart - 1) && (nonce < deltaEnd)) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return cache.length;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#watchOrders
+     * @description watches information on multiple orders made by the user
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Private/Order-update
+     * @param {string} [symbol] unified market symbol of the market orders were made in
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch orders for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of order structures to retrieve
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [order structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async watchOrders(symbol = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        let market = undefined;
+        if (symbol !== undefined) {
+            market = this.market(symbol);
+            symbol = market['symbol'];
+        }
+        let topic = 'account.orderUpdate';
+        let messageHash = 'orders';
+        if (market !== undefined) {
+            topic = 'account.orderUpdate.' + market['id'];
+            messageHash = 'orders:' + symbol;
+        }
+        const orders = await this.watchPrivate([topic], [messageHash], params);
+        if (this.newUpdates) {
+            limit = orders.getLimit(symbol, limit);
+        }
+        return this.filterBySymbolSinceLimit(orders, symbol, since, limit, true);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#unWatchOrders
+     * @description unWatches information on multiple orders made by the user
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Private/Order-update
+     * @param {string} [symbol] unified market symbol of the market orders were made in
+     * @param {object} [params] extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [order structures]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/#/?id=order-structure}
+     */
+    async unWatchOrders(symbol = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        let market = undefined;
+        if (symbol !== undefined) {
+            market = this.market(symbol);
+            symbol = market['symbol'];
+        }
+        let topic = 'account.orderUpdate';
+        let messageHash = 'unsubscribe:orders';
+        if (market !== undefined) {
+            topic = 'account.orderUpdate.' + market['id'];
+            messageHash = 'unsubscribe:orders:' + symbol;
+        }
+        return await this.watchPrivate([topic], [messageHash], params, true);
+    }
+    handleOrder(client, message) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         data: {
+        //             E: '1754939110175843',
+        //             O: 'USER',
+        //             Q: '4.30',
+        //             S: 'Bid',
+        //             T: '1754939110174703',
+        //             V: 'RejectTaker',
+        //             X: 'New',
+        //             Z: '0',
+        //             e: 'orderAccepted',
+        //             f: 'GTC',
+        //             i: '5406825793',
+        //             o: 'MARKET',
+        //             q: '0.0010',
+        //             r: false,
+        //             s: 'ETH_USDC',
+        //             t: null,
+        //             z: '0'
+        //         },
+        //         stream: 'account.orderUpdate.ETH_USDC'
+        //     }
+        //
+        const messageHash = 'orders';
+        const data = this.safeDict(message, 'data', {});
+        const marketId = this.safeString(data, 's');
+        const market = this.safeMarket(marketId);
+        const symbol = market['symbol'];
+        const parsed = this.parseWsOrder(data, market);
+        let orders = this.orders;
+        if (orders === undefined) {
+            const limit = this.safeInteger(this.options, 'ordersLimit', 1000);
+            orders = new ArrayCacheBySymbolById(limit);
+            this.orders = orders;
+        }
+        orders.append(parsed);
+        client.resolve(orders, messageHash);
+        const symbolSpecificMessageHash = messageHash + ':' + symbol;
+        client.resolve(orders, symbolSpecificMessageHash);
+    }
+    parseWsOrder(order, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         E: '1754939110175879',
+        //         L: '4299.16',
+        //         N: 'ETH',
+        //         O: 'USER',
+        //         Q: '4.30',
+        //         S: 'Bid',
+        //         T: '1754939110174705',
+        //         V: 'RejectTaker',
+        //         X: 'Filled',
+        //         Z: '4.299160',
+        //         e: 'orderFill',
+        //         f: 'GTC',
+        //         i: '5406825793',
+        //         l: '0.0010',
+        //         m: false,
+        //         n: '0.000001',
+        //         o: 'MARKET',
+        //         q: '0.0010',
+        //         r: false,
+        //         s: 'ETH_USDC',
+        //         t: 2888471,
+        //         z: '0.0010'
+        //     },
+        //
+        const id = this.safeString(order, 'i');
+        const clientOrderId = this.safeString(order, 'c');
+        const microseconds = this.safeInteger(order, 'E');
+        const timestamp = this.parseToInt(microseconds / 1000);
+        const status = this.parseWsOrderStatus(this.safeString(order, 'X'), market);
+        const marketId = this.safeString(order, 's');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market);
+        const symbol = market['symbol'];
+        const type = this.safeStringLower(order, 'o');
+        const timeInForce = this.safeString(order, 'f');
+        const side = this.parseWsOrderSide(this.safeString(order, 'S'));
+        const price = this.safeString(order, 'p');
+        const triggerPrice = this.safeNumber(order, 'P');
+        const amount = this.safeString(order, 'q');
+        const cost = this.safeString(order, 'Z');
+        const filled = this.safeString(order, 'l');
+        let fee = undefined;
+        const feeCurrency = this.safeString(order, 'N');
+        if (feeCurrency !== undefined) {
+            fee = {
+                'currency': feeCurrency,
+                'cost': undefined,
+            };
+        }
+        return this.safeOrder({
+            'id': id,
+            'clientOrderId': clientOrderId,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'lastTradeTimestamp': undefined,
+            'status': status,
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'type': type,
+            'timeInForce': timeInForce,
+            'side': side,
+            'price': price,
+            'stopPrice': undefined,
+            'triggerPrice': triggerPrice,
+            'average': undefined,
+            'amount': amount,
+            'cost': cost,
+            'filled': filled,
+            'remaining': undefined,
+            'fee': fee,
+            'trades': undefined,
+            'info': order,
+        }, market);
+    }
+    parseWsOrderStatus(status, market = undefined) {
+        const statuses = {
+            'New': 'open',
+            'Filled': 'closed',
+            'Cancelled': 'canceled',
+            'Expired': 'canceled',
+            'PartiallyFilled': 'open',
+            'TriggerPending': 'open',
+            'TriggerFailed': 'rejected',
+        };
+        return this.safeString(statuses, status, status);
+    }
+    parseWsOrderSide(side) {
+        const sides = {
+            'Bid': 'buy',
+            'Ask': 'sell',
+        };
+        return this.safeString(sides, side, side);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#watchPositions
+     * @description watch all open positions
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Private/Position-update
+     * @param {string[]} [symbols] list of unified market symbols to watch positions for
+     * @param {int} [since] the earliest time in ms to fetch positions for
+     * @param {int} [limit] the maximum number of positions to retrieve
+     * @param {object} params extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [position structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html#position-structure}
+     */
+    async watchPositions(symbols = undefined, since = undefined, limit = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols);
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        const topics = [];
+        if (symbols !== undefined) {
+            for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+                const symbol = symbols[i];
+                messageHashes.push('positions' + ':' + symbol);
+                topics.push('account.positionUpdate.' + this.marketId(symbol));
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            messageHashes.push('positions');
+            topics.push('account.positionUpdate');
+        }
+        const positions = await this.watchPrivate(topics, messageHashes, params);
+        if (this.newUpdates) {
+            return positions;
+        }
+        return this.filterBySymbolsSinceLimit(this.positions, symbols, since, limit, true);
+    }
+    /**
+     * @method
+     * @name backpack#unWatchPositions
+     * @description unWatches from the stream channel
+     * @see https://docs.backpack.exchange/#tag/Streams/Private/Position-update
+     * @param {string[]} [symbols] list of unified market symbols to watch positions for
+     * @param {object} params extra parameters specific to the exchange API endpoint
+     * @returns {object[]} a list of [position structure]{@link https://docs.ccxt.com/en/latest/manual.html#position-structure}
+     */
+    async unWatchPositions(symbols = undefined, params = {}) {
+        await this.loadMarkets();
+        symbols = this.marketSymbols(symbols);
+        const messageHashes = [];
+        const topics = [];
+        if (symbols !== undefined) {
+            for (let i = 0; i < symbols.length; i++) {
+                const symbol = symbols[i];
+                messageHashes.push('unsubscribe:positions' + ':' + symbol);
+                topics.push('account.positionUpdate.' + this.marketId(symbol));
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            messageHashes.push('unsubscribe:positions');
+            topics.push('account.positionUpdate');
+        }
+        return await this.watchPrivate(topics, messageHashes, params, true);
+    }
+    handlePositions(client, message) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         data: {
+        //             B: '4236.36',
+        //             E: '1754943862040486',
+        //             M: '4235.88650933',
+        //             P: '-0.000473',
+        //             Q: '0.0010',
+        //             T: '1754943862040487',
+        //             b: '4238.479',
+        //             e: 'positionOpened',
+        //             f: '0.02',
+        //             i: 5411399049,
+        //             l: '0',
+        //             m: '0.0125',
+        //             n: '4.23588650933',
+        //             p: '0',
+        //             q: '0.0010',
+        //             s: 'ETH_USDC_PERP'
+        //         },
+        //         stream: 'account.positionUpdate'
+        //     }
+        //
+        const messageHash = 'positions';
+        const data = this.safeDict(message, 'data', {});
+        if (this.positions === undefined) {
+            this.positions = new ArrayCacheBySymbolById();
+        }
+        const cache = this.positions;
+        const parsedPosition = this.parseWsPosition(data);
+        const microseconds = this.safeInteger(data, 'E');
+        const timestamp = this.parseToInt(microseconds / 1000);
+        parsedPosition['timestamp'] = timestamp;
+        parsedPosition['datetime'] = this.iso8601(timestamp);
+        cache.append(parsedPosition);
+        const symbolSpecificMessageHash = messageHash + ':' + parsedPosition['symbol'];
+        client.resolve([parsedPosition], messageHash);
+        client.resolve([parsedPosition], symbolSpecificMessageHash);
+    }
+    parseWsPosition(position, market = undefined) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         B: '4236.36',
+        //         E: '1754943862040486',
+        //         M: '4235.88650933',
+        //         P: '-0.000473',
+        //         Q: '0.0010',
+        //         T: '1754943862040487',
+        //         b: '4238.479',
+        //         e: 'positionOpened',
+        //         f: '0.02',
+        //         i: 5411399049,
+        //         l: '0',
+        //         m: '0.0125',
+        //         n: '4.23588650933',
+        //         p: '0',
+        //         q: '0.0010',
+        //         s: 'ETH_USDC_PERP'
+        //     }
+        //
+        const id = this.safeString(position, 'i');
+        const marketId = this.safeString(position, 's');
+        market = this.safeMarket(marketId, market);
+        const symbol = market['symbol'];
+        const notional = this.safeString(position, 'n');
+        const liquidationPrice = this.safeString(position, 'l');
+        const entryPrice = this.safeString(position, 'b');
+        const realizedPnl = this.safeString(position, 'p');
+        const unrealisedPnl = this.safeString(position, 'P');
+        const contracts = this.safeString(position, 'Q');
+        const markPrice = this.safeString(position, 'M');
+        const netQuantity = this.safeNumber(position, 'q');
+        let hedged = false;
+        let side = 'long';
+        if (netQuantity < 0) {
+            side = 'short';
+        }
+        if (netQuantity === undefined) {
+            hedged = undefined;
+            side = undefined;
+        }
+        const microseconds = this.safeInteger(position, 'E');
+        const timestamp = this.parseToInt(microseconds / 1000);
+        const maintenanceMarginPercentage = this.safeNumber(position, 'm');
+        const initialMarginPercentage = this.safeNumber(position, 'f');
+        return this.safePosition({
+            'info': position,
+            'id': id,
+            'symbol': symbol,
+            'notional': notional,
+            'marginMode': undefined,
+            'liquidationPrice': liquidationPrice,
+            'entryPrice': entryPrice,
+            'realizedPnl': realizedPnl,
+            'unrealizedPnl': unrealisedPnl,
+            'percentage': undefined,
+            'contracts': contracts,
+            'contractSize': undefined,
+            'markPrice': markPrice,
+            'side': side,
+            'hedged': hedged,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'datetime': this.iso8601(timestamp),
+            'maintenanceMargin': undefined,
+            'maintenanceMarginPercentage': maintenanceMarginPercentage,
+            'collateral': undefined,
+            'initialMargin': undefined,
+            'initialMarginPercentage': initialMarginPercentage,
+            'leverage': undefined,
+            'marginRatio': undefined,
+        });
+    }
+    handleMessage(client, message) {
+        if (!this.handleErrorMessage(client, message)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        const data = this.safeDict(message, 'data');
+        const event = this.safeString(data, 'e');
+        if (event === 'ticker') {
+            this.handleTicker(client, message);
+        }
+        else if (event === 'bookTicker') {
+            this.handleBidAsk(client, message);
+        }
+        else if (event === 'kline') {
+            this.handleOHLCV(client, message);
+        }
+        else if (event === 'trade') {
+            this.handleTrades(client, message);
+        }
+        else if (event === 'depth') {
+            this.handleOrderBook(client, message);
+        }
+        else if (event === 'orderAccepted' || event === 'orderUpdate' || event === 'orderFill' || event === 'orderCancelled' || event === 'orderExpired' || event === 'orderModified' || event === 'triggerPlaced' || event === 'triggerFailed') {
+            this.handleOrder(client, message);
+        }
+        else if (event === 'positionAdjusted' || event === 'positionOpened' || event === 'positionClosed' || event === 'positionUpdated') {
+            this.handlePositions(client, message);
+        }
+    }
+    handleErrorMessage(client, message) {
+        //
+        //     {
+        //         id: null,
+        //         error: {
+        //             code: 4006,
+        //             message: 'Invalid stream'
+        //         }
+        //     }
+        //
+        const error = this.safeDict(message, 'error', {});
+        const code = this.safeInteger(error, 'code');
+        try {
+            if (code !== undefined) {
+                const msg = this.safeString(error, 'message');
+                throw new ExchangeError(this.id + ' ' + msg);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            client.reject(e);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}