ccbot-cli 2.0.1 → 2.2.0

package/skills/domains/architecture/cloud-native.md

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+---
+name: cloud-native
+description: 云原生架构。容器、Kubernetes、Serverless、微服务。当用户提到云原生、容器、Docker、Kubernetes、K8s、Serverless时使用。
+---
+
+# 🏗 阵法秘典 · 云原生架构
+
+
+## Docker
+
+### Dockerfile
+```dockerfile
+# 多阶段构建
+FROM node:18-alpine AS builder
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY package*.json ./
+RUN npm ci
+COPY . .
+RUN npm run build
+
+FROM node:18-alpine
+WORKDIR /app
+COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist
+COPY --from=builder /app/node_modules ./node_modules
+EXPOSE 3000
+USER node
+CMD ["node", "dist/main.js"]
+```
+
+### Docker Compose
+```yaml
+version: '3.8'
+services:
+  app:
+    build: .
+    ports:
+      - "3000:3000"
+    environment:
+      - DATABASE_URL=postgres://db:5432/mydb
+    depends_on:
+      - db
+    healthcheck:
+      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:3000/health"]
+      interval: 30s
+      timeout: 10s
+      retries: 3
+
+  db:
+    image: postgres:15-alpine
+    volumes:
+      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+    environment:
+      POSTGRES_DB: mydb
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
+
+volumes:
+  postgres_data:
+```
+
+### 安全最佳实践
+```yaml
+镜像安全:
+  - 使用官方基础镜像
+  - 最小化镜像 (alpine/distroless)
+  - 扫描漏洞 (Trivy)
+  - 固定版本标签
+
+运行时安全:
+  - 非 root 用户运行
+  - 只读文件系统
+  - 限制资源
+  - 禁用特权模式
+```
+
+## Kubernetes
+
+### 基础资源
+```yaml
+# Deployment
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: myapp
+spec:
+  replicas: 3
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: myapp
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: myapp
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - name: myapp
+        image: myapp:1.0.0
+        ports:
+        - containerPort: 3000
+        resources:
+          requests:
+            memory: "128Mi"
+            cpu: "100m"
+          limits:
+            memory: "256Mi"
+            cpu: "200m"
+        livenessProbe:
+          httpGet:
+            path: /health
+            port: 3000
+          initialDelaySeconds: 10
+          periodSeconds: 10
+        readinessProbe:
+          httpGet:
+            path: /ready
+            port: 3000
+          initialDelaySeconds: 5
+          periodSeconds: 5
+---
+# Service
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: myapp
+spec:
+  selector:
+    app: myapp
+  ports:
+  - port: 80
+    targetPort: 3000
+  type: ClusterIP
+---
+# Ingress
+apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: Ingress
+metadata:
+  name: myapp
+  annotations:
+    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true"
+spec:
+  tls:
+  - hosts:
+    - myapp.example.com
+    secretName: myapp-tls
+  rules:
+  - host: myapp.example.com
+    http:
+      paths:
+      - path: /
+        pathType: Prefix
+        backend:
+          service:
+            name: myapp
+            port:
+              number: 80
+```
+
+### 配置管理
+```yaml
+# ConfigMap
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ConfigMap
+metadata:
+  name: myapp-config
+data:
+  APP_ENV: production
+  LOG_LEVEL: info
+---
+# Secret
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Secret
+metadata:
+  name: myapp-secret
+type: Opaque
+stringData:
+  DATABASE_URL: postgres://user:pass@db:5432/mydb
+```
+
+### 安全策略
+```yaml
+# NetworkPolicy
+apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
+kind: NetworkPolicy
+metadata:
+  name: myapp-network-policy
+spec:
+  podSelector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: myapp
+  policyTypes:
+  - Ingress
+  - Egress
+  ingress:
+  - from:
+    - podSelector:
+        matchLabels:
+          app: frontend
+    ports:
+    - port: 3000
+  egress:
+  - to:
+    - podSelector:
+        matchLabels:
+          app: database
+    ports:
+    - port: 5432
+---
+# PodSecurityPolicy (已废弃，使用 Pod Security Standards)
+# Pod Security Admission
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Namespace
+metadata:
+  name: myapp
+  labels:
+    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: restricted
+```
+
+## Serverless
+
+### AWS Lambda
+```python
+import json
+
+def handler(event, context):
+    body = json.loads(event.get('body', '{}'))
+
+    return {
+        'statusCode': 200,
+        'headers': {'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
+        'body': json.dumps({'message': 'Hello!'})
+    }
+```
+
+### Serverless Framework
+```yaml
+service: myapp
+
+provider:
+  name: aws
+  runtime: python3.9
+  region: us-east-1
+  environment:
+    TABLE_NAME: ${self:service}-${sls:stage}
+
+functions:
+  hello:
+    handler: handler.hello
+    events:
+      - http:
+          path: /hello
+          method: get
+
+  process:
+    handler: handler.process
+    events:
+      - sqs:
+          arn: !GetAtt MyQueue.Arn
+
+resources:
+  Resources:
+    MyQueue:
+      Type: AWS::SQS::Queue
+```
+
+## 微服务模式
+
+```yaml
+服务发现:
+  - DNS (Kubernetes Service)
+  - Service Mesh (Istio)
+
+负载均衡:
+  - 客户端负载均衡
+  - 服务端负载均衡
+
+熔断器:
+  - Circuit Breaker
+  - Retry with backoff
+  - Timeout
+
+可观测性:
+  - 日志聚合 (ELK)
+  - 指标监控 (Prometheus)
+  - 分布式追踪 (Jaeger)
+```
+

package/skills/domains/architecture/message-queue.md

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+---
+name: message-queue
+description: 消息队列秘典。Kafka、RabbitMQ、Redis Streams、事件驱动架构。当用户提到消息队列、Kafka、RabbitMQ、事件驱动、CQRS、Saga时路由到此。
+---
+
+# 🏗 阵法秘典 · 消息队列
+
+
+## 核心概念
+
+```
+Producer → Broker → Consumer
+  发送       存储       消费
+  
+模式:
+  点对点 (Queue):  1 Producer → 1 Consumer
+  发布订阅 (Topic): 1 Producer → N Consumers
+```
+
+| 概念 | 含义 | 类比 |
+|------|------|------|
+| Producer | 消息生产者 | 发令者 |
+| Consumer | 消息消费者 | 执行者 |
+| Broker | 消息中间件 | 传令阵 |
+| Topic/Queue | 消息通道 | 传音符 |
+| Partition | 分区（并行单元） | 阵眼 |
+| Offset | 消费位置 | 修行进度 |
+
+---
+
+## Kafka
+
+### 架构
+
+```
+Producer ──→ Broker Cluster ──→ Consumer Group
+               │
+          ┌────┴────┐
+          │ Topic-A  │
+          │ P0 P1 P2 │  (3 Partitions)
+          └──────────┘
+          
+Replication: Leader + Followers
+ZooKeeper/KRaft: 元数据管理
+```
+
+### 生产者
+
+```python
+from confluent_kafka import Producer
+
+conf = {
+    'bootstrap.servers': 'kafka:9092',
+    'acks': 'all',                    # 等待所有副本确认
+    'retries': 3,
+    'retry.backoff.ms': 1000,
+    'enable.idempotence': True,       # 幂等生产者
+    'linger.ms': 5,                   # 批量发送延迟
+    'batch.size': 16384,              # 批量大小
+    'compression.type': 'snappy',     # 压缩
+}
+
+producer = Producer(conf)
+
+def delivery_report(err, msg):
+    if err:
+        print(f"Delivery failed: {err}")
+
+producer.produce(
+    topic='orders',
+    key=order_id.encode(),    # 相同 key → 相同 partition → 有序
+    value=json.dumps(order).encode(),
+    callback=delivery_report
+)
+producer.flush()
+```
+
+### 消费者
+
+```python
+from confluent_kafka import Consumer
+
+conf = {
+    'bootstrap.servers': 'kafka:9092',
+    'group.id': 'order-processor',
+    'auto.offset.reset': 'earliest',
+    'enable.auto.commit': False,      # 手动提交
+    'max.poll.interval.ms': 300000,
+}
+
+consumer = Consumer(conf)
+consumer.subscribe(['orders'])
+
+try:
+    while True:
+        msg = consumer.poll(1.0)
+        if msg is None:
+            continue
+        if msg.error():
+            handle_error(msg.error())
+            continue
+        
+        process_message(msg.value())
+        consumer.commit(asynchronous=False)  # 处理成功后提交
+finally:
+    consumer.close()
+```
+
+### Kafka 关键配置
+
+```yaml
+Broker:
+  num.partitions: 6                # 默认分区数
+  default.replication.factor: 3    # 副本数
+  min.insync.replicas: 2           # 最小同步副本
+  log.retention.hours: 168         # 保留 7 天
+  log.segment.bytes: 1073741824    # 1GB 段文件
+
+Topic 设计:
+  分区数 = max(生产吞吐/单分区写入能力, 消费者数)
+  副本数 = 3 (生产环境)
+  Key 选择: 业务ID (保证同一实体有序)
+```
+
+---
+
+## RabbitMQ
+
+### Exchange 类型
+
+| 类型 | 路由规则 | 适用场景 |
+|------|----------|----------|
+| Direct | 精确匹配 routing key | 点对点 |
+| Fanout | 广播到所有绑定队列 | 发布订阅 |
+| Topic | 通配符匹配 routing key | 灵活路由 |
+| Headers | 匹配消息头 | 复杂路由 |
+
+```
+Producer → Exchange → Binding → Queue → Consumer
+              │
+         routing_key 匹配
+```
+
+### 可靠性保证
+
+```yaml
+生产者:
+  - Publisher Confirms (确认模式)
+  - 持久化消息 (delivery_mode=2)
+  - 事务模式 (性能差，不推荐)
+
+Broker:
+  - 持久化队列 (durable=True)
+  - 镜像队列 / Quorum Queue
+  - 磁盘持久化
+
+消费者:
+  - 手动 ACK (auto_ack=False)
+  - 预取限制 (prefetch_count)
+  - 死信队列 (DLX) 处理失败消息
+```
+
+### 死信队列 (DLQ)
+
+```
+正常队列 ──(消费失败/TTL过期/队列满)──→ 死信交换机 → 死信队列
+                                                        │
+                                              人工处理 / 重试
+```
+
+---
+
+## Redis Streams
+
+```bash
+# 生产
+XADD orders * user_id "123" amount "99.99"
+
+# 消费组
+XGROUP CREATE orders order-group $ MKSTREAM
+XREADGROUP GROUP order-group consumer-1 COUNT 10 BLOCK 5000 STREAMS orders >
+
+# 确认
+XACK orders order-group <message-id>
+
+# 查看待处理
+XPENDING orders order-group
+```
+
+| 特性 | 适用 | 不适用 |
+|------|------|--------|
+| 轻量级 | 中小规模、低延迟 | 海量数据持久化 |
+| 消费组 | 多消费者并行 | 复杂路由 |
+| 内存存储 | 实时处理 | 长期存储 |
+
+---
+
+## 事件驱动架构
+
+### Event Sourcing
+
+```
+传统: 只存最终状态
+  Account { balance: 100 }
+
+Event Sourcing: 存储所有事件
+  AccountCreated { initial: 0 }
+  MoneyDeposited { amount: 200 }
+  MoneyWithdrawn { amount: 100 }
+  → 重放得到 balance: 100
+```
+
+### CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation)
+
+```
+Command (写) ──→ Write Model ──→ Event Store
+                                    │
+                              Event Bus
+                                    │
+Query (读) ←── Read Model ←── Projection
+```
+
+### Saga 模式
+
+```
+分布式事务编排:
+
+Choreography (编舞):
+  Order → Payment → Inventory → Shipping
+    每个服务监听事件，自主决策
+
+Orchestration (编排):
+  Saga Orchestrator
+    ├→ Order Service: 创建订单
+    ├→ Payment Service: 扣款
+    ├→ Inventory Service: 扣库存
+    └→ Shipping Service: 发货
+    
+  失败补偿:
+    Shipping失败 → 补偿Inventory → 补偿Payment → 补偿Order
+```
+
+---
+
+## 选型对比
+
+| 维度 | Kafka | RabbitMQ | Redis Streams |
+|------|-------|----------|---------------|
+| 吞吐量 | 极高 (百万/s) | 高 (万/s) | 高 (十万/s) |
+| 延迟 | ms 级 | μs-ms 级 | μs 级 |
+| 持久化 | 磁盘 | 磁盘/内存 | 内存+AOF |
+| 消息顺序 | 分区内有序 | 队列内有序 | 流内有序 |
+| 消息回溯 | ✅ 支持 | ❌ 不支持 | ✅ 支持 |
+| 协议 | 自有协议 | AMQP | Redis协议 |
+| 适用 | 大数据/日志/流处理 | 业务消息/RPC | 轻量级实时 |
+
+### 选型决策树
+
+```
+需要消息回溯？
+  ├─ 是 → Kafka / Redis Streams
+  └─ 否 → 需要复杂路由？
+       ├─ 是 → RabbitMQ
+       └─ 否 → 吞吐量要求？
+            ├─ 极高 (>10万/s) → Kafka
+            ├─ 中等 → RabbitMQ
+            └─ 轻量 → Redis Streams
+```
+
+---
+
+## 常见问题
+
+### 消息丢失
+
+```yaml
+防丢三板斧:
+  生产端: acks=all + retries + 幂等
+  Broker: replication + 持久化 + min.insync.replicas
+  消费端: 手动提交 + 处理后确认
+```
+
+### 消息重复
+
+```yaml
+幂等处理:
+  - 数据库唯一约束 (message_id)
+  - Redis SETNX 去重
+  - 业务层幂等设计 (状态机)
+```
+
+### 消息积压
+
+```yaml
+应急:
+  - 增加消费者实例
+  - 临时扩大分区 (Kafka)
+  - 跳过非关键消息
+
+根治:
+  - 优化消费者处理速度
+  - 合理设置分区数
+  - 监控消费 lag 告警
+```
+
+---
+
+## 最佳实践
+
+```yaml
+设计:
+  - 消息体尽量小，大数据用引用
+  - 消息必须包含唯一ID和时间戳
+  - 定义清晰的消息 Schema (Avro/Protobuf)
+  - 版本兼容 (向后兼容)
+
+运维:
+  - 监控消费 lag
+  - 死信队列告警
+  - 定期清理过期消息
+  - 容量规划 (磁盘/内存)
+
+安全:
+  - TLS 加密传输
+  - SASL 认证
+  - ACL 授权
+  - 审计日志
+```
+