cbrowser 16.7.0 → 16.7.2
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- package/README.md +5 -3
- package/docs/GETTING-STARTED.md +226 -0
- package/docs/MCP-INTEGRATION.md +295 -0
- package/docs/PERSONA-QUESTIONNAIRE.md +322 -0
- package/docs/README.md +74 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-ADHD.md +135 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-ElderlyUser.md +131 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-FirstTimer.md +131 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-ImpatientUser.md +132 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-Index.md +170 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-LowVision.md +133 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-MobileUser.md +133 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-MotorTremor.md +133 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-PowerUser.md +129 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-ScreenReaderUser.md +133 -0
- package/docs/research/Bibliography.md +269 -0
- package/docs/research/Research-Methodology.md +224 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-AnchoringBias.md +219 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-AttributionStyle.md +272 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-AuthoritySensitivity.md +133 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-ChangeBlindness.md +163 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-Comprehension.md +172 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-Curiosity.md +181 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-EmotionalContagion.md +136 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-FOMO.md +142 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-Index.md +158 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-InformationForaging.md +209 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-InterruptRecovery.md +241 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-MentalModelRigidity.md +220 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-MetacognitivePlanning.md +156 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-Patience.md +129 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-Persistence.md +157 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-ProceduralFluency.md +197 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-ReadingTendency.md +208 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-Resilience.md +154 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-RiskTolerance.md +154 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-Satisficing.md +173 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-SelfEfficacy.md +191 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-SocialProofSensitivity.md +147 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-TimeHorizon.md +259 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-TransferLearning.md +241 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-TrustCalibration.md +219 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-WorkingMemory.md +184 -0
- package/examples/persona-questionnaire.ts +219 -0
- package/package.json +2 -2
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# Persona Questionnaire System
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**Introduced in v16.6.0**
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The Persona Questionnaire system provides research-backed trait mapping for creating custom cognitive personas. Instead of defaulting traits to 0.5 (neutral baseline), this system uses behavioral questions to derive differentiated trait profiles.
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## The Problem
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When creating custom personas, AI-generated profiles often defaulted many traits to 0.5. This creates "average" personas that don't accurately represent real user diversity.
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## The Solution
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The questionnaire system:
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1. Maps behavioral answers to trait values (0-1 scale)
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2. Uses 5 distinct behavioral levels per trait (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0)
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3. Applies research-backed correlations between traits
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4. Provides behavioral descriptions based on academic research
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## Quick Start
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### CLI Usage
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```bash
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# Interactive 8-question questionnaire
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npx cbrowser persona-questionnaire start
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# Comprehensive 25-trait questionnaire
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npx cbrowser persona-questionnaire start --comprehensive --name "my-persona"
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# Look up trait behavior at specific value
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npx cbrowser persona-questionnaire lookup --trait patience --value 0.25
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# List all available traits
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npx cbrowser persona-questionnaire list-traits
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```
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### Programmatic Usage
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```typescript
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import {
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generatePersonaQuestionnaire,
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buildTraitsFromAnswers,
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getTraitBehaviors,
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getTraitLabel,
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} from 'cbrowser';
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// Generate questionnaire
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const questionnaire = generatePersonaQuestionnaire({ comprehensive: false });
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// Build traits from answers
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const traits = buildTraitsFromAnswers({
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patience: 0.25,
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riskTolerance: 0.75,
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curiosity: 1.0,
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});
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// Look up specific trait behavior
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const behaviors = getTraitBehaviors('patience', 0.25);
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console.log(behaviors.label); // "Low"
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console.log(behaviors.behaviors); // ["Gets frustrated quickly", ...]
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```
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### MCP Tools
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Three MCP tools are available:
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| Tool | Description |
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|------|-------------|
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| `persona_questionnaire_get` | Generate questionnaire questions |
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| `persona_questionnaire_build` | Build trait profile from answers |
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| `persona_trait_lookup` | Look up behaviors for trait value |
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## The 25 Cognitive Traits
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| Trait | Research Basis | What It Models |
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|-------|---------------|----------------|
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| **patience** | UX research | Time before abandoning on friction |
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| **riskTolerance** | Prospect theory | Willingness to try unfamiliar actions |
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| **comprehension** | Cognitive load theory | UI pattern understanding |
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| **persistence** | Motivation research | Retry behavior after failures |
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| **curiosity** | Exploration theory | Feature discovery tendency |
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| **workingMemory** | Cognitive psychology | Multi-step task handling |
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| **readingTendency** | Eye-tracking studies | Text consumption behavior |
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| **resilience** | Positive psychology | Bounce-back from errors |
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| **selfEfficacy** | Bandura (1977) | Belief in problem-solving ability |
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| **satisficing** | Simon (1956) | Accept "good enough" vs optimize |
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| **trustCalibration** | Fogg (2003) | Trust in unfamiliar interfaces |
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| **interruptRecovery** | Mark et al. (2005) | Resume after distractions |
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| **decisionFatigue** | Baumeister | Decision quality over time |
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| **internalAttribution** | Attribution theory | Self-blame for failures |
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| **externalAttribution** | Attribution theory | System-blame for failures |
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| **techSavviness** | Digital literacy | Familiarity with UI patterns |
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| **attentionSpan** | Attention research | Focus duration |
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| **impulsivity** | Behavioral psychology | Quick vs deliberate actions |
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| **errorRecovery** | Human factors | Speed of correcting mistakes |
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| **visualProcessing** | Cognitive science | Image vs text preference |
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| **spatialMemory** | Navigation research | UI layout recall |
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| **patternRecognition** | Expertise research | UI element identification |
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| **riskPerception** | Risk psychology | Danger assessment |
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| **socialProof** | Cialdini (1984) | Influence of others' actions |
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| **authorityTrust** | Trust research | Trust in official sources |
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## Trait Reference Matrix
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Each trait has 5 behavioral levels with specific descriptions:
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### Example: Patience Trait
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| Value | Label | Behaviors |
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|-------|-------|-----------|
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| 0 | Very Low | Abandons at first sign of friction, expects instant results |
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| 0.25 | Low | Gets frustrated quickly, skips slow-loading content |
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| 0.5 | Moderate | Waits reasonable time, tolerates some friction |
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| 0.75 | High | Patient with delays, reads loading messages |
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| 1.0 | Very High | Extremely patient, waits through any delay |
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### Example: Self-Efficacy Trait
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| Value | Label | Behaviors |
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|-------|-------|-----------|
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| 0 | Very Low | "I can't do this", gives up immediately on challenge |
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| 0.25 | Low | Doubts ability, abandons 40% faster than average |
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| 0.5 | Moderate | Normal confidence, persists through minor challenges |
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| 0.75 | High | Confident problem-solver, sees obstacles as puzzles |
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| 1.0 | Very High | "I'll figure this out", never attributes failure to self |
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## Trait Correlations
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The system automatically applies research-backed correlations:
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| Primary Trait | Correlated Trait | Relationship |
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|---------------|------------------|--------------|
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| Low selfEfficacy | High internalAttribution | Self-blame for failures |
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| Low selfEfficacy | Low resilience | Slower bounce-back |
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| Low patience | Low resilience | Less tolerance for errors |
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| High curiosity | Higher exploration | More feature discovery |
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| Low trustCalibration | Longer evaluation time | Scrutinizes CTAs |
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## Questionnaire Formats
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### Quick Questionnaire (8 traits)
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Core traits for basic persona differentiation:
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- patience, riskTolerance, comprehension, persistence
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- curiosity, workingMemory, readingTendency, resilience
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### Comprehensive Questionnaire (25 traits)
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All cognitive traits for detailed behavioral modeling.
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### Custom Selection
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Request specific traits:
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```typescript
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const questionnaire = generatePersonaQuestionnaire({
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traits: ['patience', 'selfEfficacy', 'trustCalibration'],
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});
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```
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## AskUserQuestion Integration
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For Claude sessions, use the `formatForAskUserQuestion` function:
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```typescript
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import { formatForAskUserQuestion, generatePersonaQuestionnaire } from 'cbrowser';
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const questionnaire = generatePersonaQuestionnaire({ comprehensive: false });
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const askUserFormat = formatForAskUserQuestion(questionnaire.questions);
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// Returns format compatible with Claude's AskUserQuestion tool:
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// {
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// questions: [
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// {
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// question: "How does this user handle waiting?",
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// header: "patience",
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// options: [
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// { label: "Very impatient", description: "Abandons at first delay" },
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// ...
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// ],
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// multiSelect: false
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// },
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// ...
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// ]
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// }
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```
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## CLI Interactive Mode
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The CLI provides an interactive questionnaire experience:
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```bash
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$ npx cbrowser persona-questionnaire start --name "anxious-newbie"
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=== CBrowser Persona Questionnaire ===
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Creating persona: anxious-newbie (8 core traits)
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[1/8] Patience
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How does this user handle waiting for pages or actions?
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1. Very impatient - abandons at first delay
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2. Somewhat impatient - frustrated by normal load times
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3. Average - tolerates reasonable waits
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4. Patient - waits through delays calmly
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5. Very patient - unlimited patience
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> 2
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[2/8] Risk Tolerance
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How willing is this user to try unfamiliar features?
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...
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=== Persona Created ===
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Saved to: ~/.cbrowser/personas/anxious-newbie.json
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```
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## Using Custom Personas
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After creating a persona via questionnaire:
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```typescript
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import { runCognitiveJourney } from 'cbrowser';
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const result = await runCognitiveJourney({
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persona: 'anxious-newbie', // Uses saved persona
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startUrl: 'https://example.com',
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goal: 'complete signup',
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});
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```
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Or with inline traits:
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```typescript
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const customTraits = buildTraitsFromAnswers({
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patience: 0.25,
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selfEfficacy: 0.25,
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trustCalibration: 0.25,
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});
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const result = await runCognitiveJourney({
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persona: 'custom',
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customTraits,
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startUrl: 'https://example.com',
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goal: 'complete signup',
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});
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```
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## Research Citations
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The trait system is grounded in academic research:
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- **Bandura, A. (1977)** - Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change
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- **Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A.** - Prospect Theory and Decision Making
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- **Simon, H. (1956)** - Satisficing and Administrative Behavior
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- **Fogg, B.J. (2003)** - Persuasive Technology and Trust
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- **Mark, G. et al. (2005)** - No Task Left Behind: Interrupt Recovery
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- **Baumeister, R.** - Ego Depletion and Decision Fatigue
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- **Nielsen, J.** - Usability Engineering and User Behavior
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- **Cialdini, R. (1984)** - Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion
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## API Reference
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### generatePersonaQuestionnaire(options)
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Generate questionnaire questions.
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```typescript
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interface QuestionnaireOptions {
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comprehensive?: boolean; // All 25 traits (default: false = 8 traits)
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traits?: string[]; // Specific traits to include
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includeResearch?: boolean; // Include research citations
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}
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const questionnaire = generatePersonaQuestionnaire(options);
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// Returns: { questions: Question[], estimatedMinutes: number }
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```
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### buildTraitsFromAnswers(answers)
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Build complete trait profile from questionnaire answers.
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```typescript
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const traits = buildTraitsFromAnswers({
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patience: 0.25,
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curiosity: 0.75,
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});
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// Returns: CognitiveTraits with correlations applied
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```
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### getTraitBehaviors(trait, value)
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Get behavioral description for a trait value.
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```typescript
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const behaviors = getTraitBehaviors('patience', 0.25);
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// Returns: { label: string, description: string, behaviors: string[] }
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```
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### getTraitLabel(trait, value)
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Get short label for trait value.
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|
|
301
|
+
```typescript
|
|
302
|
+
const label = getTraitLabel('patience', 0.25);
|
|
303
|
+
// Returns: "Low"
|
|
304
|
+
```
|
|
305
|
+
|
|
306
|
+
### getTraitReference(trait)
|
|
307
|
+
|
|
308
|
+
Get full research reference for a trait.
|
|
309
|
+
|
|
310
|
+
```typescript
|
|
311
|
+
const ref = getTraitReference('selfEfficacy');
|
|
312
|
+
// Returns: { researchBasis: string, citations: string[], levels: Level[] }
|
|
313
|
+
```
|
|
314
|
+
|
|
315
|
+
### formatForAskUserQuestion(questions)
|
|
316
|
+
|
|
317
|
+
Format questions for Claude's AskUserQuestion tool.
|
|
318
|
+
|
|
319
|
+
```typescript
|
|
320
|
+
const formatted = formatForAskUserQuestion(questions);
|
|
321
|
+
// Returns: { questions: AskUserQuestion[] }
|
|
322
|
+
```
|
package/docs/README.md
ADDED
|
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
|
|
|
1
|
+
# CBrowser Documentation
|
|
2
|
+
|
|
3
|
+
Welcome to the CBrowser documentation. This directory contains comprehensive guides for all CBrowser features.
|
|
4
|
+
|
|
5
|
+
## Quick Links
|
|
6
|
+
|
|
7
|
+
| Guide | Description |
|
|
8
|
+
|-------|-------------|
|
|
9
|
+
| [Getting Started](./GETTING-STARTED.md) | Installation, first commands, basic usage |
|
|
10
|
+
| [Cognitive Simulation](./COGNITIVE-SIMULATION.md) | User simulation, personas, trait system |
|
|
11
|
+
| [Persona Questionnaire](./PERSONA-QUESTIONNAIRE.md) | Research-backed custom persona creation |
|
|
12
|
+
| [Visual Testing](./VISUAL-TESTING.md) | AI visual regression, cross-browser, responsive |
|
|
13
|
+
| [MCP Integration](./MCP-INTEGRATION.md) | Claude Desktop and remote MCP server setup |
|
|
14
|
+
| [Natural Language Tests](./NATURAL-LANGUAGE-TESTS.md) | Writing tests in plain English |
|
|
15
|
+
| [Constitutional Safety](./CONSTITUTIONAL-SAFETY.md) | Risk classification and safety zones |
|
|
16
|
+
| [CLI Reference](./CLI-REFERENCE.md) | Complete command-line reference |
|
|
17
|
+
| [API Reference](./API-REFERENCE.md) | TypeScript API documentation |
|
|
18
|
+
|
|
19
|
+
## Feature Guides
|
|
20
|
+
|
|
21
|
+
### Core Features
|
|
22
|
+
- [Self-Healing Selectors](./SELF-HEALING-SELECTORS.md) - ARIA-first selector strategy
|
|
23
|
+
- [Agent-Ready Audit](./AGENT-READY-AUDIT.md) - AI-agent friendliness analysis
|
|
24
|
+
- [Competitive Benchmark](./COMPETITIVE-BENCHMARK.md) - UX comparison across sites
|
|
25
|
+
- [Empathy Audit](./EMPATHY-AUDIT.md) - Disability simulation testing
|
|
26
|
+
|
|
27
|
+
### Testing Features
|
|
28
|
+
- [Test Suites](./TEST-SUITES.md) - Natural language test execution
|
|
29
|
+
- [Test Repair](./TEST-REPAIR.md) - AI-powered test fixing
|
|
30
|
+
- [Flaky Detection](./FLAKY-DETECTION.md) - Identify unreliable tests
|
|
31
|
+
- [Coverage Mapping](./COVERAGE-MAPPING.md) - Find untested pages
|
|
32
|
+
|
|
33
|
+
### Visual Features
|
|
34
|
+
- [Visual Baselines](./VISUAL-BASELINES.md) - Capture and compare screenshots
|
|
35
|
+
- [Cross-Browser Testing](./CROSS-BROWSER-TESTING.md) - Chrome, Firefox, Safari comparison
|
|
36
|
+
- [Responsive Testing](./RESPONSIVE-TESTING.md) - Mobile, tablet, desktop viewports
|
|
37
|
+
- [A/B Comparison](./AB-COMPARISON.md) - Compare two URLs visually
|
|
38
|
+
|
|
39
|
+
### Advanced Features
|
|
40
|
+
- [Chaos Testing](./CHAOS-TESTING.md) - Inject failures, test resilience
|
|
41
|
+
- [Bug Hunting](./BUG-HUNTING.md) - Autonomous issue discovery
|
|
42
|
+
- [Performance Testing](./PERFORMANCE-TESTING.md) - Regression detection
|
|
43
|
+
- [Session Management](./SESSION-MANAGEMENT.md) - Save and restore browser state
|
|
44
|
+
|
|
45
|
+
## MCP Tools Reference
|
|
46
|
+
|
|
47
|
+
CBrowser provides 48 MCP tools organized by category:
|
|
48
|
+
|
|
49
|
+
| Category | Tools | Description |
|
|
50
|
+
|----------|-------|-------------|
|
|
51
|
+
| **Navigation** | 5 | Navigate, screenshot, extract, cloudflare detection |
|
|
52
|
+
| **Interaction** | 4 | Click, smart click, fill, scroll |
|
|
53
|
+
| **Testing** | 3 | Test suites, repair, flaky detection |
|
|
54
|
+
| **Visual** | 6 | Baselines, regression, cross-browser, responsive, A/B |
|
|
55
|
+
| **Cognitive** | 3 | Journey init, state update, persona comparison |
|
|
56
|
+
| **Persona** | 3 | Questionnaire, build, trait lookup |
|
|
57
|
+
| **Analysis** | 5 | Bug hunt, chaos, agent audit, benchmark, empathy |
|
|
58
|
+
| **Stealth** | 5 | Enable, disable, status, check, diagnose |
|
|
59
|
+
|
|
60
|
+
See [MCP Integration](./MCP-INTEGRATION.md) for complete tool documentation.
|
|
61
|
+
|
|
62
|
+
## Version History
|
|
63
|
+
|
|
64
|
+
See [CHANGELOG.md](../CHANGELOG.md) for detailed release notes.
|
|
65
|
+
|
|
66
|
+
### Current Version: 16.7.0
|
|
67
|
+
|
|
68
|
+
Key features:
|
|
69
|
+
- 48 MCP tools for Claude integration
|
|
70
|
+
- Research-backed persona questionnaire system
|
|
71
|
+
- 25 cognitive traits with behavioral mappings
|
|
72
|
+
- Accessibility empathy testing
|
|
73
|
+
- Competitive UX benchmarking
|
|
74
|
+
- Agent-ready site auditing
|
|
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
|
|
|
1
|
+
# Cognitive ADHD User
|
|
2
|
+
|
|
3
|
+
**Category**: Accessibility Personas
|
|
4
|
+
**Description**: Users with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder experiencing challenges with sustained attention, working memory, and impulse control
|
|
5
|
+
|
|
6
|
+
## Overview
|
|
7
|
+
|
|
8
|
+
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting executive function, attention regulation, and impulse control. Users with ADHD experience the digital world differently - they may hyperfocus on engaging content while struggling to complete routine tasks, get distracted by notifications and visual clutter, and have difficulty with multi-step processes that tax working memory.
|
|
9
|
+
|
|
10
|
+
ADHD users often possess significant strengths alongside their challenges. High curiosity and creativity can lead to innovative problem-solving. The ability to hyperfocus on interesting tasks can result in deep engagement. However, interfaces that don't account for ADHD patterns can create significant barriers through distraction, cognitive overload, and friction in task completion.
|
|
11
|
+
|
|
12
|
+
Designing for ADHD benefits many users by reducing cognitive load, minimizing distractions, and creating clearer paths to task completion. The strategies that help ADHD users - clear structure, reduced clutter, engaging feedback, and forgiveness for errors - improve the experience for everyone.
|
|
13
|
+
|
|
14
|
+
## Trait Profile
|
|
15
|
+
|
|
16
|
+
All values on 0.0-1.0 scale.
|
|
17
|
+
|
|
18
|
+
### Core Traits (Tier 1)
|
|
19
|
+
|
|
20
|
+
| Trait | Value | Rationale |
|
|
21
|
+
|-------|-------|-----------|
|
|
22
|
+
| patience | 0.2 | Difficulty sustaining attention during delays; fidgeting and frustration with waiting |
|
|
23
|
+
| riskTolerance | 0.7 | Impulsivity leads to action before full consideration of consequences |
|
|
24
|
+
| comprehension | 0.6 | Capable when engaged; inconsistent when attention wanders |
|
|
25
|
+
| persistence | 0.3 | Low for unengaging tasks; can hyperfocus on interesting challenges |
|
|
26
|
+
| curiosity | 0.9 | High novelty-seeking; drawn to new and interesting content |
|
|
27
|
+
| workingMemory | 0.3 | Significant challenge; difficulty holding multiple items in mind |
|
|
28
|
+
| readingTendency | 0.2 | Skim or skip text; prefer visual and interactive content |
|
|
29
|
+
|
|
30
|
+
### Emotional Traits (Tier 2)
|
|
31
|
+
|
|
32
|
+
| Trait | Value | Rationale |
|
|
33
|
+
|-------|-------|-----------|
|
|
34
|
+
| resilience | 0.4 | Emotional dysregulation common; frustration and discouragement |
|
|
35
|
+
| selfEfficacy | 0.4 | May have experienced repeated failures; internalized self-doubt |
|
|
36
|
+
| trustCalibration | 0.5 | Moderate; may act impulsively before evaluating trustworthiness |
|
|
37
|
+
| interruptRecovery | 0.3 | Extremely difficult to resume after distraction; may abandon |
|
|
38
|
+
|
|
39
|
+
### Decision-Making Traits (Tier 3)
|
|
40
|
+
|
|
41
|
+
| Trait | Value | Rationale |
|
|
42
|
+
|-------|-------|-----------|
|
|
43
|
+
| satisficing | 0.7 | Accept good-enough options to reduce decision fatigue |
|
|
44
|
+
| informationForaging | 0.4 | Distractible; may go down tangential paths |
|
|
45
|
+
| anchoringBias | 0.6 | First option favored due to decision fatigue avoidance |
|
|
46
|
+
| timeHorizon | 0.3 | Strong preference for immediate rewards; difficulty with delayed gratification |
|
|
47
|
+
| attributionStyle | 0.3 | May blame self; history of perceived failures |
|
|
48
|
+
|
|
49
|
+
### Planning Traits (Tier 4)
|
|
50
|
+
|
|
51
|
+
| Trait | Value | Rationale |
|
|
52
|
+
|-------|-------|-----------|
|
|
53
|
+
| metacognitivePlanning | 0.3 | Difficulty with planning and organization; reactive approach |
|
|
54
|
+
| proceduralFluency | 0.4 | Inconsistent; routines help but are difficult to establish |
|
|
55
|
+
| transferLearning | 0.5 | Variable; depends on engagement level |
|
|
56
|
+
|
|
57
|
+
### Perception Traits (Tier 5)
|
|
58
|
+
|
|
59
|
+
| Trait | Value | Rationale |
|
|
60
|
+
|-------|-------|-----------|
|
|
61
|
+
| changeBlindness | 0.6 | May miss changes when attention elsewhere; hyperfocus can cause tunnel vision |
|
|
62
|
+
| mentalModelRigidity | 0.4 | Flexible thinking; sometimes too flexible (difficulty maintaining mental model) |
|
|
63
|
+
|
|
64
|
+
### Social Traits (Tier 6)
|
|
65
|
+
|
|
66
|
+
| Trait | Value | Rationale |
|
|
67
|
+
|-------|-------|-----------|
|
|
68
|
+
| authoritySensitivity | 0.4 | May question or ignore authority recommendations impulsively |
|
|
69
|
+
| emotionalContagion | 0.6 | Heightened emotional sensitivity |
|
|
70
|
+
| fomo | 0.7 | Fear of missing out drives engagement with notifications, new features |
|
|
71
|
+
| socialProofSensitivity | 0.5 | Moderate influence; depends on current focus |
|
|
72
|
+
|
|
73
|
+
## Behavioral Patterns
|
|
74
|
+
|
|
75
|
+
### Navigation
|
|
76
|
+
ADHD users navigate impulsively, clicking interesting links before completing current tasks. They benefit from clear visual hierarchy that guides attention. They may open multiple tabs and lose track of original goal. Progress indicators and clear next steps help maintain task focus.
|
|
77
|
+
|
|
78
|
+
### Decision Making
|
|
79
|
+
Decisions are often quick and impulsive. Choice overload causes decision paralysis or random selection. Reducing options and highlighting recommended choices helps. Immediate feedback on decisions maintains engagement.
|
|
80
|
+
|
|
81
|
+
### Error Recovery
|
|
82
|
+
Errors are particularly frustrating and may cause abandonment. Clear, non-judgmental error messages are essential. Easy undo capabilities reduce consequences of impulsive actions. Autosave prevents loss of work during distraction.
|
|
83
|
+
|
|
84
|
+
### Abandonment Triggers
|
|
85
|
+
- Lengthy forms without progress saving
|
|
86
|
+
- Walls of text
|
|
87
|
+
- Visual clutter and competing attention demands
|
|
88
|
+
- Slow loading without engaging feedback
|
|
89
|
+
- Multi-step processes requiring memory of previous steps
|
|
90
|
+
- Punitive error handling
|
|
91
|
+
- Boring or unstimulating interfaces
|
|
92
|
+
- Too many choices
|
|
93
|
+
|
|
94
|
+
## UX Recommendations
|
|
95
|
+
|
|
96
|
+
| Challenge | Recommendation |
|
|
97
|
+
|-----------|----------------|
|
|
98
|
+
| Low working memory | Progress indicators; save state frequently; reduce memory requirements |
|
|
99
|
+
| Distractibility | Minimize visual clutter; clear focal points; hide non-essential elements |
|
|
100
|
+
| Impulsivity | Gentle confirmation for important actions; easy undo; forgiving design |
|
|
101
|
+
| Low persistence | Quick wins early; gamification elements; break tasks into small steps |
|
|
102
|
+
| Reading difficulty | Scannable content; bullet points; visual communication |
|
|
103
|
+
| Time blindness | Clear time estimates; progress indicators; gentle reminders |
|
|
104
|
+
| Decision fatigue | Reduce choices; smart defaults; recommended options |
|
|
105
|
+
|
|
106
|
+
## Research Basis
|
|
107
|
+
|
|
108
|
+
- Barkley, R.A. (2015). Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook - Executive function deficits
|
|
109
|
+
- Hallowell, E.M. & Ratey, J.J. (2011). Driven to Distraction - ADHD experience and coping
|
|
110
|
+
- Ramsay, J.R. (2017). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adult ADHD - Working memory and attention
|
|
111
|
+
- Understood.org research on ADHD and technology use
|
|
112
|
+
- Brown, T.E. (2013). A New Understanding of ADHD - Executive function model
|
|
113
|
+
|
|
114
|
+
## Usage
|
|
115
|
+
|
|
116
|
+
```typescript
|
|
117
|
+
await cognitive_journey_init({
|
|
118
|
+
persona: "cognitive-adhd",
|
|
119
|
+
goal: "complete checkout",
|
|
120
|
+
startUrl: "https://example.com"
|
|
121
|
+
});
|
|
122
|
+
```
|
|
123
|
+
|
|
124
|
+
```bash
|
|
125
|
+
npx cbrowser cognitive-journey --persona cognitive-adhd --start https://example.com --goal "complete checkout"
|
|
126
|
+
```
|
|
127
|
+
|
|
128
|
+
## See Also
|
|
129
|
+
|
|
130
|
+
- [Persona Index](Persona-Index)
|
|
131
|
+
- [Trait Index](../traits/Trait-Index)
|
|
132
|
+
- [Working Memory](../traits/Trait-WorkingMemory.md)
|
|
133
|
+
- [Patience](../traits/Trait-Patience.md)
|
|
134
|
+
- [Curiosity](../traits/Trait-Curiosity.md)
|
|
135
|
+
- [FOMO](../traits/Trait-FOMO.md)
|
|
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
|
|
|
1
|
+
# Elderly User
|
|
2
|
+
|
|
3
|
+
**Category**: General Users
|
|
4
|
+
**Description**: Users aged 65+ who may have age-related cognitive and perceptual changes affecting their digital interactions
|
|
5
|
+
|
|
6
|
+
## Overview
|
|
7
|
+
|
|
8
|
+
Elderly users represent a growing and often underserved segment of the digital population. As digital literacy spreads across generations, more seniors are engaging with technology for essential tasks like healthcare management, financial services, and social connection. This persona captures the common challenges and strengths of older users.
|
|
9
|
+
|
|
10
|
+
Age-related changes can affect multiple cognitive domains relevant to interface use. Working memory capacity typically decreases, making complex multi-step procedures more challenging. Processing speed slows, requiring more time for decision-making. However, crystallized intelligence and accumulated wisdom often compensate, allowing older users to make thoughtful decisions and persist through challenges that would frustrate younger users.
|
|
11
|
+
|
|
12
|
+
Elderly users often bring patience and careful attention that younger users lack. They read content more thoroughly, consider options more carefully, and are less likely to make impulsive errors. Designing for this persona benefits all users through clearer interfaces, better error handling, and reduced cognitive load.
|
|
13
|
+
|
|
14
|
+
## Trait Profile
|
|
15
|
+
|
|
16
|
+
All values on 0.0-1.0 scale.
|
|
17
|
+
|
|
18
|
+
### Core Traits (Tier 1)
|
|
19
|
+
|
|
20
|
+
| Trait | Value | Rationale |
|
|
21
|
+
|-------|-------|-----------|
|
|
22
|
+
| patience | 0.8 | Research shows older adults allocate more time to tasks and are less frustrated by reasonable delays |
|
|
23
|
+
| riskTolerance | 0.2 | Strong preference for caution; fear of making irreversible mistakes or being scammed |
|
|
24
|
+
| comprehension | 0.5 | Crystallized intelligence intact; processing of novel interfaces may be slower |
|
|
25
|
+
| persistence | 0.6 | Will continue trying but may seek help earlier than younger users |
|
|
26
|
+
| curiosity | 0.4 | More goal-focused than exploration-oriented; prefer familiar patterns |
|
|
27
|
+
| workingMemory | 0.4 | Age-related decline in working memory capacity is well-documented |
|
|
28
|
+
| readingTendency | 0.8 | Read thoroughly; prefer complete understanding before acting |
|
|
29
|
+
|
|
30
|
+
### Emotional Traits (Tier 2)
|
|
31
|
+
|
|
32
|
+
| Trait | Value | Rationale |
|
|
33
|
+
|-------|-------|-----------|
|
|
34
|
+
| resilience | 0.5 | May become discouraged by repeated failures but have life experience with overcoming challenges |
|
|
35
|
+
| selfEfficacy | 0.4 | Often underestimate their abilities with technology due to stereotype threat |
|
|
36
|
+
| trustCalibration | 0.5 | Mix of appropriate caution and sometimes excessive trust in official-looking content |
|
|
37
|
+
| interruptRecovery | 0.4 | Reduced working memory makes context recovery after interruptions more difficult |
|
|
38
|
+
|
|
39
|
+
### Decision-Making Traits (Tier 3)
|
|
40
|
+
|
|
41
|
+
| Trait | Value | Rationale |
|
|
42
|
+
|-------|-------|-----------|
|
|
43
|
+
| satisficing | 0.6 | Accept good-enough solutions; not driven to find optimal choices |
|
|
44
|
+
| informationForaging | 0.5 | Thorough but may be slower to recognize information scent |
|
|
45
|
+
| anchoringBias | 0.7 | Preferences shaped by earlier technology experiences; may expect older patterns |
|
|
46
|
+
| timeHorizon | 0.5 | Balanced perspective; neither overly focused on immediate nor distant outcomes |
|
|
47
|
+
| attributionStyle | 0.5 | Balanced attribution; experience provides perspective on system vs user responsibility |
|
|
48
|
+
|
|
49
|
+
### Planning Traits (Tier 4)
|
|
50
|
+
|
|
51
|
+
| Trait | Value | Rationale |
|
|
52
|
+
|-------|-------|-----------|
|
|
53
|
+
| metacognitivePlanning | 0.5 | Good planning abilities but may not apply them to unfamiliar technology contexts |
|
|
54
|
+
| proceduralFluency | 0.4 | Slower development of procedural skills with new interfaces |
|
|
55
|
+
| transferLearning | 0.5 | Can transfer knowledge but may be slower to recognize applicable patterns |
|
|
56
|
+
|
|
57
|
+
### Perception Traits (Tier 5)
|
|
58
|
+
|
|
59
|
+
| Trait | Value | Rationale |
|
|
60
|
+
|-------|-------|-----------|
|
|
61
|
+
| changeBlindness | 0.6 | May miss subtle interface changes; attention resources more limited |
|
|
62
|
+
| mentalModelRigidity | 0.7 | Expect interfaces to work like familiar systems; resistant to paradigm shifts |
|
|
63
|
+
|
|
64
|
+
### Social Traits (Tier 6)
|
|
65
|
+
|
|
66
|
+
| Trait | Value | Rationale |
|
|
67
|
+
|-------|-------|-----------|
|
|
68
|
+
| authoritySensitivity | 0.7 | Respect institutional authority; may trust official-looking interfaces too readily |
|
|
69
|
+
| emotionalContagion | 0.5 | Moderate influence from emotional tone of content |
|
|
70
|
+
| fomo | 0.3 | Less driven by fear of missing out; focused on personal needs |
|
|
71
|
+
| socialProofSensitivity | 0.5 | Influenced by trusted sources but less by general popularity |
|
|
72
|
+
|
|
73
|
+
## Behavioral Patterns
|
|
74
|
+
|
|
75
|
+
### Navigation
|
|
76
|
+
Elderly users prefer clear, consistent navigation with obvious labels. They favor linear flows over complex hierarchies. Scrolling may be preferred over clicking through multiple pages. Font size and contrast significantly impact navigation success. Hover states should persist longer and touch targets should be generous.
|
|
77
|
+
|
|
78
|
+
### Decision Making
|
|
79
|
+
Decisions are careful and deliberate. Elderly users read all options before choosing and prefer fewer, clearer choices over extensive options. They value explanations of consequences and appreciate time to consider without pressure.
|
|
80
|
+
|
|
81
|
+
### Error Recovery
|
|
82
|
+
Errors can be particularly distressing, especially if they fear making the situation worse. Clear, calm error messages are essential. Explicit recovery steps with no assumptions about user knowledge work best. Phone support or chat may be preferred for complex issues.
|
|
83
|
+
|
|
84
|
+
### Abandonment Triggers
|
|
85
|
+
- Small text or low contrast
|
|
86
|
+
- Time-limited interactions
|
|
87
|
+
- Unclear or jargon-heavy instructions
|
|
88
|
+
- Fear of making irreversible mistakes
|
|
89
|
+
- No obvious way to get help
|
|
90
|
+
- Security warnings that seem threatening
|
|
91
|
+
|
|
92
|
+
## UX Recommendations
|
|
93
|
+
|
|
94
|
+
| Challenge | Recommendation |
|
|
95
|
+
|-----------|----------------|
|
|
96
|
+
| Reduced working memory | Minimize steps; show progress; provide external memory aids |
|
|
97
|
+
| Processing speed | Allow ample time; avoid timeouts; show loading states |
|
|
98
|
+
| Cautious behavior | Explicit undo; preview actions; confirmation without being patronizing |
|
|
99
|
+
| Vision changes | Large text options; high contrast; avoid reliance on color alone |
|
|
100
|
+
| Motor control changes | Large click targets; forgive imprecise clicks; avoid hover-dependent interactions |
|
|
101
|
+
| Technology self-efficacy | Encouraging feedback; celebrate successes; normalize difficulty |
|
|
102
|
+
|
|
103
|
+
## Research Basis
|
|
104
|
+
|
|
105
|
+
- Czaja, S.J. & Lee, C.C. (2007). Information Technology and Older Adults - Comprehensive review of age-related changes
|
|
106
|
+
- Hawthorn, D. (2000). Possible implications of aging for interface designers - Specific design recommendations
|
|
107
|
+
- Pak, R. & McLaughlin, A. (2010). Designing Displays for Older Adults - Evidence-based guidelines
|
|
108
|
+
- Fisk, A.D. et al. (2009). Designing for Older Adults: Principles and Creative Human Factors Approaches
|
|
109
|
+
- AARP/MIT AgeLab research on digital experiences for older adults
|
|
110
|
+
|
|
111
|
+
## Usage
|
|
112
|
+
|
|
113
|
+
```typescript
|
|
114
|
+
await cognitive_journey_init({
|
|
115
|
+
persona: "elderly-user",
|
|
116
|
+
goal: "complete checkout",
|
|
117
|
+
startUrl: "https://example.com"
|
|
118
|
+
});
|
|
119
|
+
```
|
|
120
|
+
|
|
121
|
+
```bash
|
|
122
|
+
npx cbrowser cognitive-journey --persona elderly-user --start https://example.com --goal "complete checkout"
|
|
123
|
+
```
|
|
124
|
+
|
|
125
|
+
## See Also
|
|
126
|
+
|
|
127
|
+
- [Persona Index](Persona-Index)
|
|
128
|
+
- [Trait Index](../traits/Trait-Index)
|
|
129
|
+
- [Patience](../traits/Trait-Patience.md)
|
|
130
|
+
- [Working Memory](../traits/Trait-WorkingMemory.md)
|
|
131
|
+
- [Reading Tendency](../traits/Trait-ReadingTendency.md)
|