castrum 0.7.0 → 0.9.0

package/src/rust-ffi/index.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
 // src/rust-ffi/index.ts — Flat, complete public API for the Rust utilities.
 //
-// This is the SINGLE implementation module for all Rust FFI functions. It wraps
-// the raw NAPI addon directly (no intermediate wrapper layer), exposes every
-// native function with normalized, easy-to-consume types, and selects optimized
-// defaults that can be overridden per-instance via createRust() or on the
-// shared `rust` instance via rust.configure().
+// Barrel module. The implementation is decomposed into task-focused modules:
+//   - options.ts   RustOptions + input-normalization helpers
+//   - addon.ts     shared lazy addon proxy
+//   - context.ts   per-instance state + shared namespace helpers
+//   - scalar/      scalar/feature methods (hashing, json, http, crypto, payload, factories)
+//   - text.ts      string namespace
+//   - batch.ts     array-of-bytes namespace
+//   - packed.ts    raw packed-wire namespace
+//   - client.ts    createRust() factory + default `rust` instance
+//
+// This barrel re-exports the exact public surface of the original single-file
+// implementation so existing imports (`rust`, `createRust`, all types) keep
+// working unchanged. The deprecated `rustBatch` alias was removed — use
+// `rust.batch` instead.
 //
 //   import { rust } from "castrum";
 //
@@ -16,540 +25,30 @@
 //   rust.batch.jsonValid(docs);           // Uint8Array bitset
 //   rust.packed.jsonValidBatchPacked(p);  // raw packed in/out
 //   rust.configure({ rayonThreads: 8 });  // override defaults
-//
-// Back-compat alias (non-breaking):
-//   rustBatch           === rust.batch
-
-import addon, {
-  type HmacSignerInstance,
-  type SchemaValidatorInstance,
-} from "../native";
-import { decoder, encoder } from "../shared/bytes";
-import {
-  packBatch,
-  schemaValidateBatch,
-  schemaValidateBatchCount,
-  unpackBitset,
-  unpackByteResults,
-  unpackI64ArrayAsBigInt,
-  unpackU32Array,
-  type SchemaValidator,
-} from "../shared/packed";
-
-export type { HmacSignerInstance, SchemaValidatorInstance };
-export type { SchemaValidator };
-
-// ── Options & defaults ─────────────────────────────────────────
-
-export interface RustOptions {
-  /**
-   * Rayon thread pool size.
-   *
-   * The rayon pool is process-wide and initialized **once** (native
-   * `OnceLock`) — the first initialization wins. Importing this module
-   * initializes the pool with defaults, so this option only takes effect when
-   * the pool has not yet been created. For reliable control set
-   * `CASTRUM_RAYON_THREADS` / `RUST_RAYON_THREADS` before import.
-   * Default: max(1, hardwareConcurrency - 1).
-   */
-  rayonThreads?: number;
-  /** Cache MIME lookups keyed by normalized extension. Default: true. */
-  mimeCache?: boolean;
-  /** Reuse HMAC signers keyed by key-buffer identity. Default: true. */
-  hmacCache?: boolean;
-}
-
-const FALLBACK_CORES = 4;
-
-function resolveRayonThreads(explicit?: number): number {
-  const cores = navigator.hardwareConcurrency || FALLBACK_CORES;
-
-  if (explicit !== undefined && Number.isFinite(explicit) && explicit > 0) {
-    return Math.max(1, Math.min(cores, Math.floor(explicit)));
-  }
-
-  const envThreads = Number(
-    process.env.CASTRUM_RAYON_THREADS ??
-      process.env.RUST_BENCH_RAYON_THREADS ??
-      process.env.RUST_RAYON_THREADS,
-  );
-
-  if (Number.isFinite(envThreads) && envThreads > 0) {
-    return Math.max(1, Math.min(cores, Math.floor(envThreads)));
-  }
-
-  return Math.max(1, cores - 1);
-}
-
-function asBigInt(value: unknown): bigint {
-  if (typeof value === "bigint") {
-    return value;
-  }
-
-  if (typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value)) {
-    return BigInt(Math.trunc(value));
-  }
-
-  if (typeof value === "string" && value.trim().length > 0) {
-    return BigInt(value);
-  }
-
-  throw new TypeError(
-    `Expected bigint-compatible value, got ${typeof value}: ${String(value)}`,
-  );
-}
-
-function asNumber(value: unknown): number {
-  if (typeof value === "number") {
-    return value;
-  }
-
-  if (typeof value === "bigint") {
-    return Number(value);
-  }
-
-  if (typeof value === "string" && value.trim().length > 0) {
-    return Number(value);
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-function normalizeExt(ext: Uint8Array): string {
-  let s: string;
-
-  try {
-    s = decoder.decode(ext);
-  } catch {
-    return "";
-  }
-
-  if (s.charCodeAt(0) === 46) {
-    s = s.slice(1);
-  }
-
-  return s.toLowerCase();
-}
-
-// ── Namespace types ────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-export interface RustText {
-  mimeFromExtension(ext: string): string;
-  urlEncode(input: string): string;
-  urlDecode(input: string): string;
-  wsAcceptKey(key: string): string;
-  validateEmail(input: string): boolean;
-  validateUuid(input: string): boolean;
-  validateIpv4(input: string): boolean;
-  validateIpv6(input: string): boolean;
-}
-
-export interface RustBatch {
-  jsonValid(items: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array;
-  crc32(items: Uint8Array[]): Uint32Array;
-  validateEmail(items: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array;
-  validateUuid(items: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array;
-  validateIpv4(items: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array;
-  validateIpv6(items: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array;
-  jsonSumIds(items: Uint8Array[]): BigInt64Array;
-  queryParse(items: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array[];
-  cookieParse(items: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array[];
-  httpParseRequest(items: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array[];
-  schemaValidate(validator: SchemaValidator, items: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array;
-  schemaValidateCount(validator: SchemaValidator, items: Uint8Array[]): number;
-}
-
-export interface RustPacked {
-  // ── Sync batch (packed in → packed out) ──
-  crc32BatchPacked(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  jsonValidBatchPacked(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  validateEmailBatchPacked(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  validateUuidBatchPacked(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  validateIpv4BatchPacked(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  validateIpv6BatchPacked(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  jsonSumBatchPacked(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  queryParseBatchPacked(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  cookieParseBatchPacked(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  httpParseRequestBatchPacked(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-
-  // ── Batch metadata / counts ──
-  jsonValidBatchCountPacked(input: Uint8Array): number;
-  validateEmailBatchCountPacked(input: Uint8Array): number;
-  validateUuidBatchCountPacked(input: Uint8Array): number;
-  validateIpv4BatchCountPacked(input: Uint8Array): number;
-  validateIpv6BatchCountPacked(input: Uint8Array): number;
-  jsonSumBatchTotalPacked(input: Uint8Array): number;
-  queryParseBatchTotalLenPacked(input: Uint8Array): number;
-  cookieParseBatchTotalLenPacked(input: Uint8Array): number;
-  httpParseRequestBatchTotalLenPacked(input: Uint8Array): number;
-}
-
-export interface RustClient {
-  // ── Scalar utilities (bytes in → normalized out) ──
-  crc32(input: Uint8Array): number;
-  fnv1a64(input: Uint8Array): bigint;
-  hmacSha256(key: Uint8Array, data: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  hmacSha256Verify(
-    key: Uint8Array,
-    data: Uint8Array,
-    sig: Uint8Array,
-  ): boolean;
-  jsonValid(input: Uint8Array): boolean;
-  jsonSumIds(input: Uint8Array): bigint;
-  jsonPatch(doc: Uint8Array, patch: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  mimeFromExtension(ext: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  randomToken(byteLen: number): Uint8Array;
-  urlEncode(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  urlDecode(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  /** Strict percent-decode without UTF-8 validation. */
-  urlDecodeBytes(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  validateEmail(input: Uint8Array): boolean;
-  validateUuid(input: Uint8Array): boolean;
-  validateIpv4(input: Uint8Array): boolean;
-  validateIpv6(input: Uint8Array): boolean;
-  wsAcceptKey(key: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-
-  // ── Low-level / packed scalar ──
-  httpParseRequestPacked(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  queryParsePacked(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-  cookieParsePacked(input: Uint8Array): Uint8Array;
-
-  // ── Factories / runtime ──
-  createSchemaValidator(schema: Uint8Array): SchemaValidatorInstance;
-  createHmacSigner(key: Uint8Array): HmacSignerInstance;
-  initThreadPool(rayonThreads?: number): void;
-  rayonNumThreads(): number;
-
-  // ── Namespaces ──
-  text: RustText;
-  batch: RustBatch;
-  packed: RustPacked;
-
-  // ── Configuration ──
-  /**
-   * Update defaults on this instance. `mimeCache` / `hmacCache` apply
-   * immediately (per-instance). `rayonThreads` is applied only if the
-   * process-wide pool is not yet initialized (see {@link RustOptions}).
-   */
-  configure(options: RustOptions): void;
-}
-
-// ── Implementation ─────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-/**
- * Create an isolated Rust client with the given defaults.
- *
- * `mimeCache` / `hmacCache` are per-instance. `rayonThreads` only applies
- * before the process-wide rayon pool is initialized (once per process — see
- * {@link RustOptions.rayonThreads}); the pool defaults to the env var or
- * `max(1, hardwareConcurrency - 1)` otherwise.
- */
-export function createRust(options: RustOptions = {}): RustClient {
-  const mimeByText = new Map<string, Uint8Array>();
-  const hmacSigners = new WeakMap<Uint8Array, HmacSignerInstance>();
-  const state = {
-    mimeCache: options.mimeCache !== false,
-    hmacCache: options.hmacCache !== false,
-  };
-
-  // ── Lazy rayon pool initialization ─────────────────────────────
-  // The native rayon pool is a process-wide OnceLock: the FIRST call wins.
-  // We therefore defer init until the first batch/packed operation so that
-  // rust.configure({ rayonThreads }) called at startup actually takes effect
-  // (previously the pool was initialized eagerly at module load, silently
-  // ignoring later rayonThreads tuning).
-  let poolInitialized = false;
-  let pendingThreads = options.rayonThreads;
-
-  function ensurePool(): void {
-    if (poolInitialized) return;
-    poolInitialized = true;
-    addon.initThreadPool(resolveRayonThreads(pendingThreads));
-  }
-
-  // Any access to a rayon-backed namespace triggers pool init exactly once.
-  function withPoolInit<T extends object>(target: T): T {
-    return new Proxy(target, {
-      get(obj, prop, receiver) {
-        ensurePool();
-        return Reflect.get(obj, prop, receiver);
-      },
-    });
-  }
-
-  function cachedMime(ext: Uint8Array): Uint8Array {
-    if (!state.mimeCache) {
-      return addon.mimeFromExtension(ext);
-    }
-
-    const key = normalizeExt(ext);
-
-    let val = mimeByText.get(key);
-    if (!val) {
-      val = addon.mimeFromExtension(ext);
-      mimeByText.set(key, val);
-    }
-
-    // Return a copy so callers cannot mutate cached bytes.
-    return val.slice();
-  }
-
-  function hmacSigner(key: Uint8Array): HmacSignerInstance {
-    if (!state.hmacCache) {
-      return new addon.HmacSigner(key);
-    }
-
-    let signer = hmacSigners.get(key);
-
-    if (!signer) {
-      signer = new addon.HmacSigner(key);
-      hmacSigners.set(key, signer);
-    }
-
-    return signer;
-  }
-
-  const text: RustText = {
-    mimeFromExtension(ext) {
-      return decoder.decode(cachedMime(encoder.encode(ext)));
-    },
-    urlEncode(input) {
-      return decoder.decode(addon.urlEncode(encoder.encode(input)));
-    },
-    urlDecode(input) {
-      return decoder.decode(addon.urlDecode(encoder.encode(input)));
-    },
-    wsAcceptKey(key) {
-      return decoder.decode(addon.wsAcceptKey(encoder.encode(key)));
-    },
-    validateEmail(input) {
-      return addon.validateEmail(encoder.encode(input));
-    },
-    validateUuid(input) {
-      return addon.validateUuid(encoder.encode(input));
-    },
-    validateIpv4(input) {
-      return addon.validateIpv4(encoder.encode(input));
-    },
-    validateIpv6(input) {
-      return addon.validateIpv6(encoder.encode(input));
-    },
-  };
-
-  const batch: RustBatch = withPoolInit<RustBatch>({
-    jsonValid(items) {
-      return unpackBitset(addon.jsonValidBatchPacked(packBatch(items)));
-    },
-    crc32(items) {
-      return unpackU32Array(addon.crc32BatchPacked(packBatch(items)));
-    },
-    validateEmail(items) {
-      return unpackBitset(addon.validateEmailBatchPacked(packBatch(items)));
-    },
-    validateUuid(items) {
-      return unpackBitset(addon.validateUuidBatchPacked(packBatch(items)));
-    },
-    validateIpv4(items) {
-      return unpackBitset(addon.validateIpv4BatchPacked(packBatch(items)));
-    },
-    validateIpv6(items) {
-      return unpackBitset(addon.validateIpv6BatchPacked(packBatch(items)));
-    },
-    jsonSumIds(items) {
-      return unpackI64ArrayAsBigInt(addon.jsonSumBatchPacked(packBatch(items)));
-    },
-    queryParse(items) {
-      return unpackByteResults(addon.queryParseBatchPacked(packBatch(items)));
-    },
-    cookieParse(items) {
-      return unpackByteResults(addon.cookieParseBatchPacked(packBatch(items)));
-    },
-    httpParseRequest(items) {
-      return unpackByteResults(
-        addon.httpParseRequestBatchPacked(packBatch(items)),
-      );
-    },
-    schemaValidate(validator, items) {
-      return schemaValidateBatch(validator, items);
-    },
-    schemaValidateCount(validator, items) {
-      return schemaValidateBatchCount(validator, items);
-    },
-  });
-
-  const packed: RustPacked = withPoolInit<RustPacked>({
-    crc32BatchPacked(input) {
-      return addon.crc32BatchPacked(input);
-    },
-    jsonValidBatchPacked(input) {
-      return addon.jsonValidBatchPacked(input);
-    },
-    validateEmailBatchPacked(input) {
-      return addon.validateEmailBatchPacked(input);
-    },
-    validateUuidBatchPacked(input) {
-      return addon.validateUuidBatchPacked(input);
-    },
-    validateIpv4BatchPacked(input) {
-      return addon.validateIpv4BatchPacked(input);
-    },
-    validateIpv6BatchPacked(input) {
-      return addon.validateIpv6BatchPacked(input);
-    },
-    jsonSumBatchPacked(input) {
-      return addon.jsonSumBatchPacked(input);
-    },
-    queryParseBatchPacked(input) {
-      return addon.queryParseBatchPacked(input);
-    },
-    cookieParseBatchPacked(input) {
-      return addon.cookieParseBatchPacked(input);
-    },
-    httpParseRequestBatchPacked(input) {
-      return addon.httpParseRequestBatchPacked(input);
-    },
-
-    jsonValidBatchCountPacked(input) {
-      return asNumber(addon.jsonValidBatchCountPacked(input));
-    },
-    validateEmailBatchCountPacked(input) {
-      return asNumber(addon.validateEmailBatchCountPacked(input));
-    },
-    validateUuidBatchCountPacked(input) {
-      return asNumber(addon.validateUuidBatchCountPacked(input));
-    },
-    validateIpv4BatchCountPacked(input) {
-      return asNumber(addon.validateIpv4BatchCountPacked(input));
-    },
-    validateIpv6BatchCountPacked(input) {
-      return asNumber(addon.validateIpv6BatchCountPacked(input));
-    },
-    jsonSumBatchTotalPacked(input) {
-      return asNumber(addon.jsonSumBatchTotalPacked(input));
-    },
-    queryParseBatchTotalLenPacked(input) {
-      return asNumber(addon.queryParseBatchTotalLenPacked(input));
-    },
-    cookieParseBatchTotalLenPacked(input) {
-      return asNumber(addon.cookieParseBatchTotalLenPacked(input));
-    },
-    httpParseRequestBatchTotalLenPacked(input) {
-      return asNumber(addon.httpParseRequestBatchTotalLenPacked(input));
-    },
-  });
-
-  const client: RustClient = {
-    // ── Scalar ──
-    crc32(bytes) {
-      return asNumber(addon.crc32(bytes) as unknown) >>> 0;
-    },
-    fnv1a64(bytes) {
-      return asBigInt(addon.fnv1a64(bytes) as unknown);
-    },
-    hmacSha256(key, data) {
-      return hmacSigner(key).sign(data);
-    },
-    hmacSha256Verify(key, data, sig) {
-      return hmacSigner(key).verify(data, sig);
-    },
-    jsonValid(bytes) {
-      return addon.jsonValid(bytes);
-    },
-    jsonSumIds(bytes) {
-      return asBigInt(addon.jsonSumIds(bytes) as unknown);
-    },
-    jsonPatch(doc, patch) {
-      return addon.jsonPatch(doc, patch);
-    },
-    mimeFromExtension(ext) {
-      return cachedMime(ext);
-    },
-    randomToken(byteLen) {
-      return addon.randomToken(byteLen);
-    },
-    urlEncode(bytes) {
-      return addon.urlEncode(bytes);
-    },
-    urlDecode(bytes) {
-      return addon.urlDecode(bytes);
-    },
-    urlDecodeBytes(bytes) {
-      return addon.urlDecodeBytes(bytes);
-    },
-    validateEmail(bytes) {
-      return addon.validateEmail(bytes);
-    },
-    validateUuid(bytes) {
-      return addon.validateUuid(bytes);
-    },
-    validateIpv4(bytes) {
-      return addon.validateIpv4(bytes);
-    },
-    validateIpv6(bytes) {
-      return addon.validateIpv6(bytes);
-    },
-    wsAcceptKey(key) {
-      return addon.wsAcceptKey(key);
-    },
-
-    // ── Low-level / packed scalar ──
-    httpParseRequestPacked(bytes) {
-      return addon.httpParseRequestPacked(bytes);
-    },
-    queryParsePacked(bytes) {
-      return addon.queryParsePacked(bytes);
-    },
-    cookieParsePacked(bytes) {
-      return addon.cookieParsePacked(bytes);
-    },
-
-    // ── Factories / runtime ──
-    createSchemaValidator(schema) {
-      return new addon.SchemaValidator(schema);
-    },
-    createHmacSigner(key) {
-      return new addon.HmacSigner(key);
-    },
-    initThreadPool(threads) {
-      // Explicit user call also establishes the pool state locally.
-      poolInitialized = true;
-      if (threads !== undefined) pendingThreads = threads;
-      return addon.initThreadPool(threads);
-    },
-    rayonNumThreads() {
-      return asNumber(addon.rayonNumThreads() as unknown);
-    },
-
-    // ── Namespaces ──
-    text,
-    batch,
-    packed,
-
-    // ── Configuration ──
-    configure(next) {
-      // rayonThreads only takes effect BEFORE the pool is first used.
-      if (next.rayonThreads !== undefined && !poolInitialized) {
-        pendingThreads = next.rayonThreads;
-      }
-
-      if (next.mimeCache !== undefined) {
-        state.mimeCache = next.mimeCache;
-      }
-
-      if (next.hmacCache !== undefined) {
-        state.hmacCache = next.hmacCache;
-      }
-    },
-  };
-
-  return client;
-}
-
-// ── Default instance (optimized defaults) ─────────────────────
-
-export const rust = createRust();
-
-// ── Back-compat alias (non-breaking) ───────────────────────────
 
-/** @deprecated Use `rust.batch` (same object). */
-export const rustBatch = rust.batch;
+export { createRust, rust } from './client'
+export type { RustClient } from './client'
+export type { RustOptions } from './options'
+export type { RustText } from './text'
+export type { RustBatch } from './batch'
+export type { RustPacked } from './packed'
+export type { SchemaValidator } from '../shared/packed'
+export type {
+  HmacSignerInstance,
+  SchemaValidatorInstance,
+  SchemaError,
+  TemplateRendererInstance,
+  FormParserInstance,
+  MediaTypeParserInstance,
+  MediaTypeResult,
+  ConditionalRequestInstance,
+  EncodingPrefResult,
+  AcceptNegotiatorInstance,
+  Base64CodecInstance,
+  CookieSignerInstance,
+  CsrfProtectorInstance,
+  UrlBuilderInstance,
+  MultipartPart,
+  PasswordHashOptions,
+  WsFrame,
+} from '../native'

package/src/rust-ffi/options.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+// src/rust-ffi/options.ts — Client options + input-normalization helpers.
+//
+// Holds the `RustOptions` contract, the rayon thread-count resolution, and the
+// small coercion helpers (bigint/number/ext normalization) used across the FFI
+// namespaces.
+
+import { availableParallelism, cpus } from 'node:os'
+import { decoder } from '../shared/bytes'
+import { resolveEnvVar } from '../shared/env'
+
+/** Options accepted by `createRust` / `rust.configure`. */
+export interface RustOptions {
+  /**
+   * Rayon thread pool size.
+   *
+   * The rayon pool is process-wide and initialized **once** (native
+   * `OnceLock`) — the first initialization wins. Importing this module
+   * initializes the pool with defaults, so this option only takes effect when
+   * the pool has not yet been created. For reliable control set
+   * `CASTRUM_RAYON_THREADS` / `RUST_RAYON_THREADS` before import.
+   * Default: max(1, hardwareConcurrency - 1).
+   */
+  rayonThreads?: number
+  /** Cache MIME lookups keyed by normalized extension. Default: true. */
+  mimeCache?: boolean
+  /** Reuse HMAC signers keyed by key-buffer identity. Default: true. */
+  hmacCache?: boolean
+}
+
+const FALLBACK_CORES = 4
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the CPU count without relying on `navigator.hardwareConcurrency`,
+ * which throws a ReferenceError under Node.js < 21. `os.availableParallelism`
+ * exists in Bun and Node >= 18.14; older Node falls back to `os.cpus().length`.
+ */
+function hardwareConcurrency(): number {
+  if (typeof availableParallelism === 'function') {
+    return availableParallelism()
+  }
+  const count = cpus()?.length
+  return count && count > 0 ? count : FALLBACK_CORES
+}
+
+/** Resolve the effective rayon thread count from explicit/env/default. */
+export function resolveRayonThreads(explicit?: number): number {
+  const cores = hardwareConcurrency()
+
+  if (explicit !== undefined && Number.isFinite(explicit) && explicit > 0) {
+    return Math.max(1, Math.min(cores, Math.floor(explicit)))
+  }
+
+  const envThreads = Number(
+    resolveEnvVar('CASTRUM_RAYON_THREADS', ['RUST_BENCH_RAYON_THREADS', 'RUST_RAYON_THREADS']),
+  )
+
+  if (Number.isFinite(envThreads) && envThreads > 0) {
+    return Math.max(1, Math.min(cores, Math.floor(envThreads)))
+  }
+
+  return Math.max(1, cores - 1)
+}
+
+/** Coerce a value to bigint (accepts bigint/number/string). */
+export function asBigInt(value: unknown): bigint {
+  if (typeof value === 'bigint') {
+    return value
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === 'number' && Number.isFinite(value)) {
+    return BigInt(Math.trunc(value))
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === 'string' && value.trim().length > 0) {
+    return BigInt(value)
+  }
+
+  throw new TypeError(`Expected bigint-compatible value, got ${typeof value}: ${String(value)}`)
+}
+
+/** Coerce a value to number (accepts number/bigint/string). */
+export function asNumber(value: unknown): number {
+  if (typeof value === 'number') {
+    return value
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === 'bigint') {
+    return Number(value)
+  }
+
+  if (typeof value === 'string' && value.trim().length > 0) {
+    return Number(value)
+  }
+
+  return 0
+}
+
+/** Normalize a file-extension byte slice to a lowercase string w/o a dot. */
+export function normalizeExt(ext: Uint8Array): string {
+  let s: string
+
+  try {
+    s = decoder.decode(ext)
+  } catch {
+    return ''
+  }
+
+  if (s.charCodeAt(0) === 46) {
+    s = s.slice(1)
+  }
+
+  return s.toLowerCase()
+}