cartethyia 2.7.1 → 2.7.3

package/src/providers/operations/account-error-classification.ts

@@ -1,1660 +1,1682 @@
-/**
- * Account error classification: turns one upstream failure into a category,
- * a cooldown window, and a verdict on the account.
- *
- * This is the decision half of the account health machine. It is pure: it
- * reads evidence and returns a classification, writes nothing, and knows
- * nothing about the database. The writer half lives in
- * `account-health-service.ts`.
- */
-import { isRecord } from "../../protocol/codecs";
-import { GatewayError } from "../../protocol/gateway-error";
-import { BUDDY_PROVIDER_IDS } from "../provider-metadata";
-import { parseProviderResetDuration, parseUpstreamBackoff } from "../../protocol/upstream-parsing";
-import {
-  resolveAccountAuthRejectedCooldownMs,
-  resolveAccountCooldownEscalationMaxMs,
-  resolveAccountDisabledRecoveryMs,
-  resolveAccountModelCapacityCooldownMs,
-  resolveAccountPolicyBlockCooldownMs,
-  resolveAccountQuotaCooldownMs,
-  resolveAccountRateLimitCooldownMs,
-  resolveAccountTransientCooldownMs,
-  resolveAccountUnclassifiedCooldownMs,
-} from "../../config/cooldowns";
-const DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_COOLDOWN_MS = resolveAccountRateLimitCooldownMs;
-/**
- * Inception's per-minute limit window (1 minute).
- *
- * Inception's Free tier throttles per minute (1 000 requests / 1M input
- * tokens / 100K output tokens) and the window resets every minute. The generic
- * 15-minute rate-limit fallback would park a healthy key long after the window
- * refilled; 1 minute is the provider's own cadence, hardcoded because it is a
- * fact about the upstream, not a deployment knob.
- */
-const INCEPTION_RATE_LIMIT_COOLDOWN_MS = 60_000;
-// Fallback when the error states no usable duration: deliberately short (1h,
-// not 24h) — quota state is re-probed on the next failure, so an unknown
-// reset cadence self-corrects instead of parking the account for a day.
-const DEFAULT_QUOTA_COOLDOWN_MS = resolveAccountQuotaCooldownMs;
-const MODEL_CAPACITY_COOLDOWN_MS = resolveAccountModelCapacityCooldownMs;
-const TRANSIENT_ERROR_COOLDOWN_MS = resolveAccountTransientCooldownMs;
-/**
- * Accounts one cooldown-recovery pass brings back. The sweep ticks every 30s,
- * so a larger backlog drains over successive passes rather than one statement
- * covering every expired row.
- */
-export const COOLDOWN_RECOVERY_BATCH = 500;
-/**
- * Backoff for a failure no rule matched. Short on purpose: an unclassified
- * error is more likely a new upstream shape than a broken account, so the
- * account returns to rotation quickly.
- */
-const UNCLASSIFIED_COOLDOWN_MS = resolveAccountUnclassifiedCooldownMs;
-/**
- * xAI Grok Build's free tier resets on a rolling 24-hour window, so its
- * exhaustion is a full-day quota cooldown — never the generic 1h fallback,
- * which let the account re-enter rotation inside the window.
- */
-const GROK_QUOTA_COOLDOWN_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
-/**
- * The buddy family's policy/channel block (`11140`, `11128`) is a *base* backoff,
- * not a flat penalty — see {@link resolveAccountPolicyBlockCooldownMs}. It used
- * to be two constants, 24h for the content block and 6h for the channel one,
- * both applied on the first observation. That was wrong in the direction that
- * costs most: `11140` is also what a wrong desktop `User-Agent` brand answers
- * (`workbuddy/shared.ts`), so after we fixed a header regression every buddy
- * account stayed dead for up to a further day, and one prompt that failed a
- * safety review cost a whole account a day. As a base it escalates through the
- * consecutive-failure ladder, which tells the two causes apart by what they do
- * next — a genuinely blocked account is refused again immediately and parks
- * itself within minutes.
- */
-/**
- * Backoff for a model the upstream says does not exist for this account
- * (Cursor answers Connect `not_found` for a model the credential's plan does
- * not reach). Long, because the verdict is a property of the plan and will not
- * change on the next request — but bounded, so a plan upgrade is picked up
- * without an operator clearing it by hand.
- */
-const MODEL_UNREACHABLE_COOLDOWN_MS = 6 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
-/**
- * Backoff for a model the upstream does not serve at all (buddy family
- * business code `11102` — `service info not found` — or a `model ... not
- * found/supported` message). Mirrors the reference gateways'
- * `MODEL_SITE_BLOCK_S` → `MODEL_SITE_BLOCK_MAX_S`.
- *
- * Escalating rather than flat: the pair is re-dialled after the first window
- * and answers the same thing, so a flat 6h let a permanently unsupported model
- * consume a request every six hours forever. The ladder tops out at a day,
- * which is long enough to stop the redial and short enough that a backend that
- * starts serving the model is picked up without an operator clearing it.
- *
- * This is the one place the references' *strict* behaviour is adopted as a
- * backoff rather than as a 400: nothing currently succeeds through it, so no
- * client is broken by it.
- */
-const UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_COOLDOWN_MS = 6 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
-const UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_COOLDOWN_MAX_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
-/** How many doublings an unsupported-model cooldown may take before the cap. */
-const UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_MAX_LEVEL = 8;
-
-/**
- * The cooldown for the *nth* consecutive unsupported-model report (`hits` is
- * the new total, so the first report is `hits === 1`).
- *
- * Exported because the writer, not the classifier, is the only place that
- * reads the authoritative hit count — the classifier sees only the count the
- * caller supplied, which is absent on the first report of a pair.
- */
-export function unsupportedModelCooldownMs(hits: number): number {
-  const level = Math.min(Math.max(0, Math.round(hits) - 1), UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_MAX_LEVEL);
-  return Math.min(
-    UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_COOLDOWN_MS * 2 ** level,
-    UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_COOLDOWN_MAX_MS,
-  );
-}
-
-/**
- * The wording an upstream uses for "we do not serve this model at all", as
- * opposed to "this account cannot reach it" (403 entitlement, above) or "this
- * route does not exist" (404 `upstream_not_found`).
- */
-const UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_MESSAGE =
-  /service info not found|model\s.{0,80}?\bnot\s+(?:found|supported)\b/;
-
-/**
- * True when the evidence says the upstream does not serve the model.
- *
- * Narrow on purpose, and narrower than `model_unreachable`: only a 400/404
- * carrying the buddy family's `11102` or one of the two phrasings above. A
- * 4xx that merely *mentions* a model is far more often a payload the caller
- * got wrong, and cooling a pair for six hours over that takes a working model
- * out of rotation for a request bug.
- */
-function isUnsupportedModelEvidence(
-  statusCode: number | null,
-  providerCode: string,
-  lower: string,
-): boolean {
-  if (statusCode !== 400 && statusCode !== 404) return false;
-  return providerCode === "11102" || UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_MESSAGE.test(lower);
-}
-
-// ===== health/account-recorder.ts =====
-export interface AccountHealthEventRecord {
-  readonly id: string;
-  readonly accountId: string;
-  readonly fromStatus: string | null;
-  readonly toStatus: string;
-  readonly reason: string | null;
-  readonly errorCategory: string | null;
-  readonly modelId: string | null;
-  readonly createdAt: string;
-}
-
-export type AccountErrorCategory =
-  | "quota_exhausted"
-  | "rate_limit_transient"
-  | "model_capacity"
-  | "model_unreachable"
-  | "auth_invalidated"
-  /**
-   * Deprecated: an upstream ban. Kept so existing health rows keep rendering
-   * instead of showing a blank cause. No longer produced — see
-   * `policy_blocked_banned` and `policy_blocked_invalid_request`.
-   */
-  | "policy_blocked"
-  /**
-   * The upstream banned this credential: a verdict on the account, e.g. buddy
-   * `11140` "request illegal" with "Your account has been restricted due to
-   * unusual activity". Cooldown cannot help — the account is not throttled, it
-   * is refused. Disabling immediately is a *feature*: a client's retry budget
-   * is spent in seconds, so surviving attempts burn sibling accounts that are
-   * still healthy.
-   */
-  | "policy_blocked_banned"
-  /**
-   * The upstream refused this request: a verdict on the request. e.g. buddy
-   * `11-128` "request illegal" with no account restriction. Distinguished from
-   * {@link policy_blocked_banned} because the correct responses differ — a
-   * banned account must be disabled, a malformed request must only stop being
-   * retried verbatim.
-   */
-  | "policy_blocked_invalid_request"
-  | "server_error"
-  | "timeout"
-  | "validation_required"
-  | "unknown";
-export type AccountFailureOrigin = "cartethyia" | "upstream" | "network";
-export type AccountFailureScope =
-  | "account"
-  | "provider"
-  | "model"
-  | "pool"
-  | "tenant"
-  | "request"
-  | "network"
-  | "unknown";
-
-export interface AccountFailureEvidence {
-  readonly origin?: AccountFailureOrigin;
-  readonly scope?: AccountFailureScope;
-  readonly credentialKind?: string;
-  /**
-   * The account's credential is a static bearer token used as issued and never
-   * refreshed. An auth rejection against a static token is not a refreshable
-   * fault: refreshing cannot help, and disabling the account discards a token
-   * that may still be valid for other requests. Such a failure cools the
-   * account down instead of parking it.
-   */
-  readonly staticToken?: boolean;
-  readonly providerCode?: string;
-  readonly credentialEvidence?: boolean;
-  readonly retryAfterMs?: number;
-  readonly statusCode?: number | null;
-  readonly headers?: Headers | Record<string, string> | null;
-  readonly modelId?: string;
-  /**
-   * Provider that produced the failure. Used only for the one
-   * provider-family-specific policy rule (the buddy family's `11140`
-   * content-policy block), never to broaden what disables an account.
-   */
-  readonly providerId?: string;
-  /**
-   * How many times this (account, model) pair has already been reported
-   * unsupported, when the caller has read them. Best-effort: the classifier
-   * states the base window without it, and the writer recomputes against the
-   * count it reads itself.
-   */
-  readonly modelBlockHits?: number;
-  /**
-   * The upstream's own error body, when the caller has it.
-   *
-   * Providers state a reset window in structured fields far more reliably than
-   * in prose — a body carrying `resets_at`, `resets_in_seconds` or
-   * `limit_window_minutes` is an exact statement, while the same body's
-   * `message` ("The usage limit has been reached") names no window at all.
-   * Without this the classifier falls back to a fixed 15-minute cooldown for a
-   * limit the provider said resets in 23 days.
-   */
-  readonly upstreamBody?: unknown;
-}
-
-export interface AccountErrorClassification {
-  readonly category: AccountErrorCategory;
-  readonly status: "cooldown" | "disabled";
-  readonly cooldownMs: number;
-  readonly reason: string;
-  readonly retryAt: Date | null;
-  readonly mutatesAccount: boolean;
-  /**
-   * True when this write changed a field the routing snapshot actually reads.
-   *
-   * The snapshot projects `provider_accounts.status` and
-   * `.cooldownUntil` and nothing else (`route-catalog.ts:286-287`), so only a
-   * write that moves one of those has to drop it. Everything else a failure
-   * persists — the failure streak, the error text, the category, a
-   * model-scoped cooldown — is invisible to routing, and invalidating for it
-   * forced the next request to rebuild an 11-SELECT snapshot for no reason.
-   *
-   * That made a failure wave self-sustaining: N failed attempts produced N
-   * invalidations, and every following request paid the full rebuild.
-   */
-  readonly routesVisible: boolean;
-  /**
-   * True when `cooldownMs` came from the provider's own statement — a parsed
-   * `Retry-After`-family header, or a reset quoted in its message — rather than
-   * from one of this module's fallback constants.
-   *
-   * A property of the *evidence*, not of the category, so it is the same for
-   * every branch of one classification. Only {@link escalateFallbackCooldown}
-   * reads it: a provider-stated window is the truth and is never multiplied.
-   */
-  readonly providerStated?: boolean;
-  /**
-   * True when the upstream reported the model as one it does not serve (the
-   * buddy family's `11102`), rather than one this account merely cannot reach.
-   *
-   * A property of the classification, because both verdicts land in the same
-   * `model_unreachable` category and the writer cannot otherwise tell them
-   * apart — it needs to know whether to count the hit and escalate the window.
-   */
-  readonly modelUnsupported?: boolean;
-}
-
-/**
- * How many doublings a fallback cooldown may take before the cap takes over.
- *
- * Four is enough to reach the cap from every fallback default (the longest is
- * the 1h quota fallback, which reaches it on the first doubling) while keeping
- * the ladder short enough to reason about.
- */
-const COOLDOWN_ESCALATION_MAX_LEVEL = 4;
-
-/**
- * A provider code that is digits only. Such codes are identifiers, not auth
- * vocabulary — providers encode spend/entitlement verdicts as numbers (Qoder's
- * `110`, buddy's `6004`) — so the bare-401/403 credential arm must not treat
- * an unknown one as evidence that the credential died.
- */
-const NUMERIC_PROVIDER_CODE = /^\d+$/;
-
-/**
- * Escalates a *fallback* cooldown for an account that keeps failing.
- *
- * `consecutiveFailures` has been incremented on every account failure since the
- * health machine was written, but nothing ever read it — so a broken upstream
- * was re-dialled once a minute forever, and an account whose quota had an
- * unstated reset came straight back into rotation every time its short fallback
- * lapsed. The count is now a backoff level: each further consecutive failure
- * doubles the fallback, clamped to {@link resolveAccountCooldownEscalationMaxMs}.
- *
- * Two guards keep it from overriding the provider. A duration the provider
- * *stated* is never multiplied — that window is the truth. And the caller writes
- * the result through a monotonic maximum, so a burst of concurrent in-flight
- * failures advances the deadline to the longest of them instead of compounding
- * once per failure.
- */
-export function escalateFallbackCooldown(
-  cooldownMs: number,
-  providerStated: boolean,
-  consecutiveFailures: number,
-): number {
-  if (providerStated || cooldownMs <= 0) return cooldownMs;
-  const level = Math.min(Math.max(0, consecutiveFailures), COOLDOWN_ESCALATION_MAX_LEVEL);
-  return Math.min(cooldownMs * 2 ** level, resolveAccountCooldownEscalationMaxMs());
-}
-
-/**
- * The later of a candidate deadline and the one already recorded.
- *
- * Every fallback duration is recomputed from *now* on each failure, so writing
- * it unconditionally let a fresh short failure *shorten* a longer window already
- * in force: a 60-second unclassified cooldown overwrote the provider's own
- * "Try again in 11h" and released the pair back into rotation inside a window
- * the upstream had closed, where it failed again — once a minute, forever.
- * A cooling deadline may only ever move later.
- */
-export function latestDeadlineMs(...candidates: readonly (number | undefined | null)[]): number {
-  let latest = 0;
-  for (const value of candidates) {
-    if (typeof value !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(value)) continue;
-    if (value > latest) latest = value;
-  }
-  return latest;
-}
-
-/**
- * The account-wide deadline to write, or `null` for "no deadline".
- *
- * {@link latestDeadlineMs} cannot express *no* deadline — it floors at 0 — and
- * the account-wide write has one state that needs it. With
- * `CARTETHYIA_ACCOUNT_DISABLED_RECOVERY_MS=0` an automatic disable is meant to
- * be terminal again, and the classifier correctly reports `retryAt: null`.
- * Deriving the deadline from `Date.now() + cooldownMs` instead stamps *now*.
- * The recovery sweep then treats that elapsed deadline as
- * an automatic disable awaiting recovery and returns the row to rotation on its
- * next tick — the escape hatch enabled exactly the behavior it documents
- * itself as disabling.
- *
- * A candidate only exists when there is a real window to state. Monotonicity is
- * preserved: a deadline already in force still wins over a new `null`.
- */
-export function accountDeadlineMs(
-  candidates: readonly (number | undefined | null)[],
-): Date | null {
-  const latest = latestDeadlineMs(...candidates);
-  return latest > 0 ? new Date(latest) : null;
-}
-
-/**
- * Whether the upstream named a restriction on the account itself.
- *
- * The buddy family reuses "request illegal" for two unrelated rejections, and
- * the difference is only in the body:
- *
- * - `11140` carries `displayMsg` about the account being restricted ("Your
- *   account has been restricted due to unusual activity") and `actions`
- *   offering an appeal. That is a ban — the account is refused, not throttled.
- * - `11-128` is a refusal of this request; the account is fine.
- *
- * Proven account-scoped (2026-10-16): two live share-page requests carrying
- * byte-identical bodies and headers to the same model differed only in the
- * pooled account, and the blocked one 400'd while the other 200'd.
- *
- * Matched on the code *and* the account-restriction wording, so an unrelated
- * upstream that happens to say "restricted" in prose cannot disable accounts.
- */
-function isBuddyAccountBanned(
-  lower: string,
-  providerCode: string,
-  upstreamBody: unknown,
-): boolean {
-  if (providerCode !== "11140") return false;
-  if (banWording(lower)) return true;
-  // The message alone is not enough, and this is the case that proved it: the
-  // provider's message for a ban is the same two words it uses for a refused
-  // request — "request illegal" — while the actual verdict ("Your account has
-  // been restricted due to unusual activity") lives in `displayMsg`, which the
-  // message extractor never reads. Matching only the message therefore read
-  // every ban as a mere request refusal: no category, no disable, and the
-  // account kept serving.
-  const body = isRecord(upstreamBody) ? upstreamBody : undefined;
-  if (body === undefined) return false;
-  for (const field of ["displayMsg", "displayTips", "msg", "message"]) {
-    const value = body[field];
-    if (typeof value === "string" && banWording(value.toLowerCase())) return true;
-    // `displayMsg` is a per-language map: `{ en: "…", zh: "…" }`. Any
-    // language states the same verdict, so all of them are read.
-    if (!isRecord(value)) continue;
-    for (const nested of Object.values(value)) {
-      if (typeof nested === "string" && banWording(nested.toLowerCase())) return true;
-    }
-  }
-  // `actions` names the remedy: an appeal can only be offered for a verdict
-  // about the account, and "edit input" only ever describes a request.
-  const actions = body["actions"];
-  if (Array.isArray(actions)) {
-    for (const action of actions) {
-      if (typeof action !== "string") continue;
-      if (action.toLowerCase().includes("appeal") || action.toLowerCase().includes("feedback")) {
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-/** The wording an upstream uses when it restricted the account, not the request. */
-function banWording(lower: string): boolean {
-  return (
-    lower.includes("restricted") ||
-    lower.includes("has been banned") ||
-    lower.includes("unusual activity") ||
-    lower.includes("appeal this restriction") ||
-    lower.includes("submit feedback to appeal") ||
-    lower.includes("account has been") ||
-    lower.includes("账号存在异常行为") ||
-    lower.includes("帳號存在異常行為")
-  );
-}
-
-/**
- * Bounded to a day, matching `MAX_COOLDOWN_MS` in the failure policy: a stated
- * window longer than that is a monthly or plan-level limit, and parking an
- * account for a month on one upstream field is a decision for the operator,
- * not an automatic one.
- */
-const MAX_UPSTREAM_STATED_COOLDOWN_MS = 24 * 3600 * 1000;
-
-/** Parses the stored upstream text as JSON. Returns `undefined` when it is not. */
-function tryParseUpstreamBody(text: string): unknown {
-  try {
-    const parsed: unknown = JSON.parse(text);
-    return typeof parsed === "object" && parsed !== null ? parsed : undefined;
-  } catch {
-    return undefined;
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * Reads a reset window the upstream stated in structured fields.
- *
- * A body like `{"error":{"type":"usage_limit_reached","resets_at":1795019113,
- * "resets_in_seconds":2072028}}` states the window exactly, while its own
- * `message` ("The usage limit has been reached") states none — so parsing only
- * prose leaves a 23-day limit cooling for the 15-minute fallback, and the
- * account re-enters rotation hours before it can serve.
- *
- * Both spellings are read because providers use both: an absolute epoch
- * (`resets_at`, seconds or milliseconds) and a relative delay
- * (`resets_in_seconds`). The later of the two wins, since they are the same
- * claim computed at slightly different instants.
- */
-function parseUpstreamBodyReset(body: unknown): number | null {
-  if (typeof body !== "object" || body === null) return null;
-  const record = body as Record<string, unknown>;
-  // Some providers nest under `error`, some return it at the top level.
-  const candidates = [record, (record["error"] as Record<string, unknown> | undefined) ?? undefined];
-  let best: number | null = null;
-  for (const candidate of candidates) {
-    if (typeof candidate !== "object" || candidate === null) continue;
-    const now = Date.now();
-
-    const absolute = candidate["resets_at"] ?? candidate["reset_at"];
-    if (typeof absolute === "number" && Number.isFinite(absolute) && absolute > 0) {
-      // Seconds vs milliseconds: a plausible epoch in seconds is ~10 digits, in
-      // milliseconds ~13, and the two are four orders of magnitude apart — so
-      // the smaller is scaled up rather than guessed from a threshold date.
-      const epochMs = absolute < 1e11 ? absolute * 1000 : absolute;
-      const delay = epochMs - now;
-      if (delay > 0) best = best === null ? delay : Math.max(best, delay);
-    }
-
-    const relative =
-      candidate["resets_in_seconds"] ??
-      candidate["reset_in_seconds"] ??
-      candidate["retry_after_seconds"];
-    if (typeof relative === "number" && Number.isFinite(relative) && relative > 0) {
-      const delay = relative * 1000;
-      best = best === null ? delay : Math.max(best, delay);
-    }
-
-    const minutes = candidate["limit_window_minutes"] ?? candidate["reset_in_minutes"];
-    if (typeof minutes === "number" && Number.isFinite(minutes) && minutes > 0) {
-      const delay = minutes * 60_000;
-      best = best === null ? delay : Math.max(best, delay);
-    }
-  }
-  return best === null ? null : Math.min(MAX_UPSTREAM_STATED_COOLDOWN_MS, Math.round(best));
-}
-
-
-interface AccountErrorContext {
-  readonly message: string;
-  readonly lower: string;
-  readonly folded: string;
-  readonly statusCode: number | null;
-  readonly origin: AccountFailureOrigin;
-  readonly scope: AccountFailureScope;
-  readonly revocationNamed: boolean;
-  readonly accountEvidence: boolean;
-  readonly canMutate: boolean;
-  readonly providerCode: string;
-  readonly statedCooldownMs: number | null;
-  /** Echo of the caller's evidence; read only by the arms that need it. */
-  readonly providerId: string | undefined;
-  /** The raw upstream response body, when the dispatch path stored it. */
-  readonly rawUpstreamResponse: string | undefined;
-  /**
-   * The upstream named a restriction on the account, not a refusal of the
-   * request. Read by the policy arm to pick between disabling the account and
-   * merely refusing the request.
-   */
-  readonly buddyBanned: boolean;
-  readonly reason: (prefix: string) => string;
-  readonly result: (
-    category: AccountErrorCategory,
-    status: AccountErrorClassification["status"],
-    cooldownMs: number,
-    retryAt: Date | null,
-    explanation: string,
-    mutatesAccount?: boolean,
-    modelUnsupported?: boolean,
-  ) => AccountErrorClassification;
-}
-
-/**
- * One arm of the classifier: an ordered `(match, decide)` pair.
- *
- * The arms are **not** independent predicates. Later arms are deliberately
- * broader than earlier ones — `quotaSignal` matches every price refusal, and
- * `authSignal` matches a superset of the request-scoped codes — so a match
- * only wins because it is tried first. That is why they live in one ordered
- * list rather than behind a dispatch map or a set of independent `if`s: the
- * list is the precedence, and reading it top to bottom is reading the
- * decision.
- *
- * `match` is a pure function of the shared signals (no closure over the
- * classifier's locals, no allocation per classification): the table is built
- * once per call from values already computed for every arm.
- */
-interface AccountErrorRule {
-  readonly name: string;
-  readonly match: (signals: AccountErrorSignals) => boolean;
-  readonly decide: (signals: AccountErrorSignals) => AccountErrorClassification;
-}
-
-/** The shared signals every arm reads, computed once per classification. */
-interface AccountErrorSignals {
-  readonly message: string;
-  readonly lower: string;
-  readonly folded: string;
-  readonly statusCode: number | null;
-  readonly origin: AccountFailureOrigin;
-  readonly scope: AccountFailureScope;
-  readonly providerCode: string;
-  readonly statedCooldownMs: number | null;
-  readonly reason: (prefix: string) => string;
-  readonly result: AccountErrorContext["result"];
-  readonly canMutate: boolean;
-  readonly accountEvidence: boolean;
-  readonly revocationNamed: boolean;
-  /** Echo of the caller's evidence; read only by the arms that need it. */
-  readonly providerId: string | undefined;
-  readonly modelId: string | undefined;
-  readonly modelBlockHits: number;
-  readonly staticToken: boolean;
-  readonly credentialKind: string | undefined;
-  /** Buddy-family provider: the only family with provider-specific codes below. */
-  readonly buddy: boolean;
-  /**
-   * The upstream named a restriction on this account, not a refusal of the
-   * request. Only the `11140` shape carries `displayMsg` about the account
-   * being restricted, so the policy arm can tell a ban from a bad request
-   * instead of treating both as one cooldown.
-   */
-  readonly buddyBanned: boolean;
-  readonly priceRefusal: boolean;
-  readonly deploymentInfraError: boolean;
-  readonly quotaSignal: boolean;
-  readonly policyRejection: boolean;
-  readonly requestScoped: boolean;
-  readonly channelRejection: boolean;
-  readonly hostedToolFailure: boolean;
-  readonly modelEntitlementFailure: boolean;
-  readonly queuedUpstream: boolean;
-  readonly validationRequired: boolean;
-  readonly validationUrl: string | undefined;
-}
-
-const VALIDATION_URL_RE = /https?:\/\/[^\s"'\\]+/;
-
-/**
- * Extracts the Google `validation_url` from an Antigravity rejection.
- *
- * The URL can appear either in the message itself or nested in the raw
- * upstream JSON (`details[].metadata.validation_url`). Returning `undefined`
- * means nothing actionable was found — the classifier then just parks the
- * account without a link.
- */
-function extractValidationUrl(message: string, rawUpstreamResponse: string | undefined): string | undefined {
-  if (rawUpstreamResponse !== undefined && rawUpstreamResponse.includes("validation_url")) {
-    try {
-      const parsed = JSON.parse(rawUpstreamResponse) as {
-        error?: {
-          details?: Array<{ metadata?: Record<string, unknown> }>;
-        };
-      };
-      for (const detail of parsed?.error?.details ?? []) {
-        const url = detail?.metadata?.["validation_url"];
-        if (typeof url === "string" && url.length > 0 && url.startsWith("http")) return url;
-      }
-    } catch {
-      /* fall through to message regex */
-    }
-  }
-  const m = VALIDATION_URL_RE.exec(message);
-  return m?.[0];
-}
-
-/** Build the request-independent evidence consumed by the ordered classifier. */
-function accountErrorContext(error: unknown, options?: AccountFailureEvidence): AccountErrorContext {  const errorRecord = isRecord(error) ? error : undefined;
-  const message =
-    error instanceof Error
-      ? error.message
-      : typeof error === "string"
-        ? error
-        : typeof errorRecord?.message === "string"
-          ? errorRecord.message
-          : String(error ?? "Unknown error");
-  const lower = message.toLowerCase();
-  const statusCode =
-    options?.statusCode ??
-    (typeof errorRecord?.status === "number" ? errorRecord.status : null);
-  const origin = options?.origin ?? "cartethyia";
-  const scope = options?.scope ?? "unknown";
-  // Providers write the same phrase with different separators: codex reports
-  // `token_revoked`, others `token revoked` or `token-revoked`. Folding the
-  // separators once lets every match below see one spelling.
-  const folded = lower.replace(/[_-]+/g, " ");
-  // A revocation named in the message is evidence about the credential itself,
-  // whichever scope the caller could establish. A stream error frame carries
-  // no `credentialEvidence` detail and classifies at provider scope, so without
-  // this the account stays in rotation: the phrase is recognised and then
-  // discarded because nothing mutates on provider scope.
-  const revocationNamed = folded.includes("token revoked") || folded.includes("invalidated oauth token");
-  const accountEvidence =
-    options?.credentialEvidence === true ||
-    revocationNamed ||
-    (options?.origin === "upstream" && options.scope === "account");
-  // A named revocation mutates even at provider scope: the message is the
-  // evidence, and provider scope is what a frame with no credential detail
-  // classifies as. Every other signal still needs account scope.
-  const canMutate = origin === "upstream" && (revocationNamed || (scope === "account" && accountEvidence));
-  const providerCode =
-    options?.providerCode?.toLowerCase() ??
-    (error instanceof GatewayError && typeof error.details.providerCode === "string"
-      ? error.details.providerCode.toLowerCase()
-      : "");
-
-  const getHeader = (name: string): string | null => {
-    const headers = options?.headers;
-    if (!headers) return null;
-    if ("get" in headers && typeof headers.get === "function") return headers.get(name);
-    const wanted = name.toLowerCase();
-    const entry = Object.entries(headers).find(([key]) => key.toLowerCase() === wanted);
-    return entry?.[1] ?? null;
-  };
-
-  const headerCooldown =
-    options?.retryAfterMs ??
-    parseUpstreamBackoff({ get: getHeader });
-  const messageCooldown = parseProviderResetDuration(message);
-  const rawUpstreamResponse =
-    origin === "upstream" &&
-    error instanceof GatewayError &&
-    typeof error.details.raw === "string"
-      ? error.details.raw
-      : undefined;
-  // The body's own fields, when they can be reached. Checked alongside the
-  // header and the prose rather than instead of them: a provider may state the
-  // window in any of the three, and the longest honest statement wins.
-  //
-  // `details.raw` is tried even when no caller passed a parsed body, because
-  // that is where the upstream's JSON actually reaches this function — the
-  // dispatch path stores the response text there. A structured window read from
-  // it is the difference between a 15-minute fallback and the 23 days the
-  // provider stated.
-  const bodyCooldown =
-    parseUpstreamBodyReset(options?.upstreamBody) ??
-    (rawUpstreamResponse === undefined ? null : parseUpstreamBodyReset(tryParseUpstreamBody(rawUpstreamResponse)));
-  // The body the ban is named in. The caller's parsed body when there is one,
-  // and the raw response text otherwise — the dispatch path stores the
-  // upstream's JSON there, and that is where `displayMsg` lives.
-  const banBody =
-    options?.upstreamBody ??
-    (rawUpstreamResponse === undefined ? undefined : tryParseUpstreamBody(rawUpstreamResponse));
-  // Whether the provider itself named a window. Decided once, from the
-  // evidence, so every branch of this classification agrees about it.
-  const providerStated =
-    headerCooldown !== null || messageCooldown !== null || bodyCooldown !== null;
-  const statedCooldownMs =
-    [headerCooldown, messageCooldown, bodyCooldown].reduce<number | null>(
-      (best, value) => (value === null ? best : best === null ? value : Math.max(best, value)),
-      null,
-    );
-  const reason = (prefix: string): string => `${prefix}: ${message.slice(0, 160)}`;
-  const result = (
-    category: AccountErrorCategory,
-    status: AccountErrorClassification["status"],
-    cooldownMs: number,
-    retryAt: Date | null,
-    explanation: string,
-    mutatesAccount = canMutate,
-    modelUnsupported = false,
-  ): AccountErrorClassification => ({
-    category,
-    status,
-    cooldownMs,
-    reason: origin === "upstream" ? rawUpstreamResponse ?? message.slice(0, 160) : explanation,
-    retryAt,
-    mutatesAccount,
-    // Set below by the caller that knows which columns it wrote, not here:
-    // the same classification feeds both the account-wide path (status +
-    // cooldownUntil — routing-visible) and the model-scoped path (neither —
-    // invisible). Defaulting true keeps existing callers conservative.
-    routesVisible: true,
-    providerStated,
-    modelUnsupported,
-  });
-
-  return {
-    message,
-    lower,
-    folded,
-    statusCode,
-    origin,
-    scope,
-    revocationNamed,
-    accountEvidence,
-    canMutate,
-    providerCode,
-    providerId: options?.providerId,
-    statedCooldownMs,
-    rawUpstreamResponse,
-    buddyBanned: isBuddyAccountBanned(lower, providerCode, banBody),
-    reason,
-    result,
-  };
-}
-
-export function classifyAccountError(
-  error: unknown,
-  options?: AccountFailureEvidence,
-): AccountErrorClassification {
-  const {
-    message,
-    lower,
-    folded,
-    statusCode,
-    origin,
-    scope,
-    revocationNamed,
-    accountEvidence,
-    canMutate,
-    providerCode,
-    rawUpstreamResponse,
-    statedCooldownMs,
-    buddyBanned,
-    reason,
-    result,
-  } = accountErrorContext(error, options);
-  const modelId = options?.modelId;
-  const modelBlockHits = Math.max(1, Math.floor(options?.modelBlockHits ?? 1));
-  const staticToken = options?.staticToken === true;
-  const credentialKind = options?.credentialKind;
-  const buddy = BUDDY_PROVIDER_IDS.has(options?.providerId?.toLowerCase() ?? "");
-
-  // A price refusal is a verdict on the *request*, not on the account. inferhub
-  // answers 402 with `no provider's ask matches your max-per-mtok bid`: the
-  // caller's own price ceiling was below every upstream ask, which says nothing
-  // about the credential or its balance. Classified as quota it cooled a
-  // fully-credited account down for an hour and the operator reported it as
-  // "blocked, unusable at all". Detected before the quota branch and recorded
-  // without mutating the account, so only that request fails.
-  const priceRefusal =
-    lower.includes("max-per-mtok") ||
-    lower.includes("no provider's ask") ||
-    (lower.includes("ask") && lower.includes("bid"));
-  // Deployment/proxy infrastructure errors (DEPLOYMENT_DISABLED, etc.) are
-  // transport-level proxy pool failures, not account quota exhaustion.
-  // Mutating the account parks it for an hour while the pool itself stays
-  // healthy — the next request picks the same dying pool and the same error
-  // repeats. These must not cooldown the account.
-  const deploymentInfraError =
-    lower.includes("deployment_disabled") ||
-    lower.includes("deployment disabled") ||
-    (lower.includes("sin1::") && lower.includes("deployment"));
-  if (deploymentInfraError) {
-    return result("server_error", "cooldown", 60_000, null, `Proxy deployment error: ${message.slice(0, 160)}`, false);
-  }
-  // A (CodeBuddy/WorkBuddy) *frequency* window is a verdict on one
-  // (account, model) pair, not on the account: `{"code":"6004","msg":"usage
-  // exceeds frequency limit ... your usage will reset at <stamp> UTC+8,
-  // alternatively, you can switch to the other models to continue using it."}`.
-  // The provider names the remedy itself — use a different model — which is
-  // only a remedy if the account still serves every other model. Taken as
-  // account-wide `quota_exhausted` it parked the whole account until the reset,
-  // so the switch the upstream offered was refused by our own gateway and every
-  // sibling model went dark with it; the account also read COOLDOWN /
-  // quota_exhausted while only that pair was throttled.
-  //
-  // Classified `rate_limit_transient` so the writer scopes it to the model:
-  // `recordAccountFailure` writes `modelCooldowns[modelId]` and leaves the
-  // account's own status alone. Kept ahead of `quotaSignal`, which matches a
-  // *broader* slice of the same wording (`usage exceeds` + `frequency limit`)
-  // and would otherwise claim this message as an account-wide quota window.
-  // Narrow on purpose — the extra phrase is what says the other models still
-  // work; without it the failure stays account-wide.
-  const modelFrequencyWindow =
-    lower.includes("frequency limit") && lower.includes("switch to the other models");
-  if (modelFrequencyWindow) {
-    const cooldownMs = statedCooldownMs ?? DEFAULT_QUOTA_COOLDOWN_MS();
-    return result(
-      "rate_limit_transient",
-      "cooldown",
-      cooldownMs,
-      new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
-      reason("Provider frequency limit for this model"),
-      // Provider-scoped evidence still has to reach the writer: a stream frame
-      // carries no credential detail, so `canMutate` is false and without this
-      // the pair would be retried for the whole window it was closed for.
-      origin === "upstream" && scope === "provider",
-    );
-  }
-
-  // Quota-shaped provider codes/messages (e.g. xAI's
-  const quotaSignal =
-    !priceRefusal &&
-    !deploymentInfraError &&
-    (statusCode === 402 ||
-      // Qoder answers an exhausted credit balance with
-      // `{"code":"112","message":"{\"pricingUrl\":...}"}` — the body points at
-      // the pricing page, i.e. "buy more", which is a balance verdict, not an
-      // auth one. It fell through to `auth_invalidated` and the console showed
-      // "Re-login required" on an account whose credential was fine, sending
-      // operators to re-authenticate instead of topping up.
-      // Recognising it here keeps it out of `auth_invalidated`; the branch
-      // below scopes the resulting cooldown to the model, because the account
-      // keeps serving its other models.
-      providerCode === "112" ||
-      providerCode === "110" ||
-      providerCode === "insufficient_quota" ||
-      providerCode === "quota_exceeded" ||
-      providerCode === "subscription:free-usage-exhausted" ||
-      providerCode === "14018" ||
-      // CodeBuddy/WorkBuddy rate limit: `{"code":"6004","msg":"usage exceeds
-      // frequency limit ... your usage will reset at <stamp> UTC+8"}`. The
-      // message names a reset, so this is a parked window, not a transient
-      // 429 — without it the account fell through to `unknown` with
-      // `mutates=false`, stayed in rotation, and was re-picked for every
-      // request inside the window the provider had actually named.
-      //
-      // Matched on the message's own wording, not on the `6004` code: that code
-      // is not unique to this surface (the artifact-release API reuses it), so a
-      // code match would sweep an unrelated failure into a quota cooldown. The
-      // phrase is the reliable key, and `usage exceeds` + `frequency limit` is
-      // the pair this family actually prints.
-      (lower.includes("usage exceeds") && lower.includes("frequency limit")) ||
-      lower.includes("insufficient_quota") ||
-      lower.includes("quota_exceeded") ||
-      lower.includes("usage_limit_reached") ||
-      lower.includes("usage-exhausted") ||
-      lower.includes("usage_exhausted") ||
-      lower.includes("usage exhausted") ||
-      lower.includes("usage exceeds") ||
-      lower.includes("frequency limit") ||
-      lower.includes("free-usage") ||
-      lower.includes("free usage") ||
-      lower.includes("exceeded your current quota") ||
-      // Trae answers an exhausted quota with **HTTP 502** and the body `Your
-      // requests have exceeded the quota.` The status is what misled the
-      // classifier: 502 read as a gateway failure, so this fell through to
-      // `server_error` — a 30s cooldown that does not mutate the account, so
-      // the account stayed in rotation and every other model on it kept being
-      // invoked inside a window the provider had already closed. The body is
-      // the verdict; the 502 is incidental. Matched on the phrase, not on the
-      // status, which is why this sits in `quotaSignal` ahead of the 5xx arm.
-      lower.includes("have exceeded the quota") ||
-      lower.includes("balance exhausted") ||
-      lower.includes("insufficient balance") ||
-      lower.includes("out of credits") ||
-      lower.includes("credits exhausted") ||
-      lower.includes("spending limit") ||
-      lower.includes("billing daily count exceeded") ||
-      // Same Qoder family reached by body text when the code is not parsed out.
-      (lower.includes("pricingurl") && lower.includes("qoder.com/pricing")));
-  // A deterministic content-policy rejection is NOT credential invalidation.
-  // CodeBuddy returns HTTP 403 with provider code 11140 ("request illegal",
-  // "did not pass the safety review") — refreshing the token cannot change
-  // that outcome and the account itself is healthy, so it must never flip the
-  // account to auth_invalidated/disabled. Only real auth signals do.
-  const policyRejection =
-    providerCode === "11140" ||
-    lower.includes("safety review") ||
-    lower.includes("content did not pass") ||
-    lower.includes("request illegal") ||
-    lower.includes("content blocked") ||
-    lower.includes("account suspended");
-  // A ban is a verdict on the credential, and cooldown cannot answer it: the
-  // account is refused, not throttled. Disabling is the fix, and disabling
-  // *immediately* is a feature — a client's retry budget is spent in seconds,
-  // so a banned account that merely cooled stayed in the plan and burned
-  // sibling accounts that were still healthy before the window expired.
-  //
-  // The two shapes are told apart by the body, not the code alone: `11140`
-  // names a restriction on the account, `11-128` refuses the request.
-  const policyBlock =
-    policyRejection &&
-    options?.providerId !== undefined &&
-    BUDDY_PROVIDER_IDS.has(options.providerId.toLowerCase());
-  if (policyBlock) {
-    if (buddyBanned) {
-      return result(
-        "policy_blocked_banned",
-        "disabled",
-        0,
-        null,
-        reason("Account banned by upstream"),
-        // A ban is evidence about the credential even at provider scope, for
-        // the same reason a named revocation is: the message is the evidence.
-        // Without this a stream frame's missing credential detail would leave a
-        // banned account serving.
-        true,
-      );
-    }
-    // Not a ban: the upstream refused this request. The account is fine, so the
-    // only correct move is to stop retrying it verbatim. Cooling the account
-    // here was the bug that made one malformed request look like a dead
-    // credential.
-    return result(
-      "policy_blocked_invalid_request",
-      "cooldown",
-      0,
-      null,
-      reason("Upstream refused this request"),
-      // Never mutates: a malformed body fails identically on every account, so
-      // cooling would burn a healthy credential on the gateway's own fault.
-      false,
-    );
-  }
-  // These codes are a verdict on the request, not the account. Cooling the
-  // account for them burns a healthy credential on a body that will fail the
-  // same way on every other account:
-  //
-  // - `11148` tool-call/result mismatch — the transcript is broken; the
-  //   pre-payload repair is supposed to prevent it, and a slip is still the
-  //   body's fault.
-  // - `11135` the image cannot be processed, `11133` the model rejected a
-  //   parameter, `11101` the body failed to parse — deterministic for that
-  //   payload.
-  // - `12153` the session is dead — a refresh problem, not a reason to park
-  //   the account on the first observation.
-  // - `14017` trial not activated — the account may recover once registration
-  //   finishes, so a hard cooldown would keep it out after it becomes usable.
-  //
-  // Recognised before the auth and quota branches: several of these arrive as
-  // 401/403/429, which those branches would otherwise treat as account evidence.
-  const requestScoped =
-    providerCode === "11148" ||
-    providerCode === "11135" ||
-    providerCode === "11133" ||
-    providerCode === "11101" ||
-    providerCode === "12153" ||
-    providerCode === "14017" ||
-    lower.includes("tool_call_sequence_broken") ||
-    lower.includes("unmarshal chat params failed") ||
-    lower.includes("invalid image_url content") ||
-    lower.includes("offline user session not found") ||
-    lower.includes("trial not activated") ||
-    lower.includes("trial version is not yet activated");
-  if (requestScoped && BUDDY_PROVIDER_IDS.has(options?.providerId?.toLowerCase() ?? "")) {
-    return result(
-      "unknown",
-      "cooldown",
-      0,
-      null,
-      reason("Request-scoped upstream rejection"),
-      false,
-    );
-  }
-  // A channel rejection (`11128`) is the same shape: the upstream is refusing
-  // the caller for this account, not this particular prompt, and it keeps
-  // refusing on every invocation. Classifying it as `unknown` with
-  // `mutates=false` would leave the account in rotation failing every request —
-  // and since every account fails the same way, the whole pool looks dead with
-  // nothing ever parked.
-  const channelRejection =
-    providerCode === "11128" || lower.includes("unapproved channel");
-  const channelBlock =
-    channelRejection &&
-    options?.providerId !== undefined &&
-    BUDDY_PROVIDER_IDS.has(options.providerId.toLowerCase());
-  if (channelBlock) {
-    // Same split as the policy arm above: a ban disables, a channel refusal
-    // only stops this request. `11-128` is the request shape, so this branch
-    // nearly always takes the refusal path — but it shares the ban test so a
-    // `11140`-shaped body arriving as a channel rejection still disables.
-    if (buddyBanned) {
-      return result(
-        "policy_blocked_banned",
-        "disabled",
-        0,
-        null,
-        reason("Account banned by upstream"),
-        true,
-      );
-    }
-    return result(
-      "policy_blocked_invalid_request",
-      "cooldown",
-      0,
-      null,
-      reason("Provider channel rejection"),
-      // The credential is valid; the upstream refuses this calling channel.
-      // Cooling was the bug: it kept a refused account in the plan, where a
-      // client's retry budget burned healthy siblings for the whole window.
-      false,
-    );
-  }
-  // server-side tool (web search, x search, web fetch), not evidence about the
-  // credential or the account's quota. Some providers surface it as 403, which
-  // would otherwise look like an auth signal — refreshing the token cannot fix
-  // a search backend, so it must never disable the account.
-  const hostedToolFailure =
-    lower.includes("web_search") ||
-    lower.includes("web search") ||
-    lower.includes("web_search_preview") ||
-    lower.includes("x_search") ||
-    lower.includes("web_fetch") ||
-    lower.includes("tool invocation") ||
-    lower.includes("tool call failed") ||
-    lower.includes("search backend");
-  // A model-scoped license or entitlement rejection is NOT credential invalidation.
-  // Google Cloud Code / Antigravity answers HTTP 403 with "You do not have a valid
-  // license of this product" when an account lacks entitlement for one specific model
-  // (e.g. claude-opus-4-6), while the account itself and its tokens remain fully valid
-  // for all other models. Disabling the whole account breaks healthy models.
-  const modelEntitlementFailure =
-    statusCode === 403 &&
-    (lower.includes("not have a valid license") ||
-      lower.includes("valid license of this product") ||
-      lower.includes("model not supported") ||
-      lower.includes("not entitled to") ||
-      lower.includes("no access to model") ||
-      lower.includes("model_not_supported") ||
-      lower.includes("not available in your region"));
-  /**
-   * Google Cloud Code / Antigravity account verification: the upstream answers
-   * an unverified account with HTTP 403 `PERMISSION_DENIED` and a
-   * `VALIDATION_REQUIRED` reason plus a `validation_url`. The operator must
-   * complete verification before the credential can ever serve again, so the
-   * account must be parked (`disabled`) — not left `active`, and not a
-   * cooldown (no amount of waiting clears it). The validation URL is carried
-   * in the recorded reason so the dashboard can surface it as an actionable
-   * pill link.
-   */
-  const validationRequired =
-    (statusCode === 403 || lower.includes("permission_denied")) &&
-    (lower.includes("validation_required") ||
-      lower.includes("verify your account") ||
-      lower.includes("validation_url"));
-  const validationUrl = validationRequired ? extractValidationUrl(message, rawUpstreamResponse) : undefined;
-  /**
-   * The upstream accepted the request and put it in a queue behind other
-   * callers — it is busy, not rejecting the caller's credential.
-   *
-   * Qoder answers `403 {"code":"10605","message":"{\"isQueued\":true,
-   * \"modelKey\":\"dfmodel\",\"queueCount\":1395,...}"}`. The 403 is what made
-   * this misclassify: the generic `(401 || 403) && accountEvidence` arm claimed
-   * it as `auth_invalidated`, so a healthy account was parked as "Re-login
-   * required" purely because the provider was busy, and an operator was sent
-   * to re-authenticate a credential that was never rejected.
-   *
-   * Matched on the queue evidence rather than on the bare `10605`, so an
-   * unrelated 403 that happens to share the code is not swept in. The bodies
-   * are nested JSON, so the tell is the key, not a parse of the envelope.
-   */
-  const queuedUpstream =
-    providerCode === "10605" ||
-    lower.includes("isqueued") ||
-    lower.includes("queuecount") ||
-    lower.includes("queuetype") ||
-    (lower.includes("queue") && lower.includes("modelkey"));
-
-  const signals: AccountErrorSignals = {
-    message,
-    lower,
-    folded,
-    statusCode,
-    origin,
-    scope,
-    providerCode,
-    statedCooldownMs,
-    reason,
-    result,
-    canMutate,
-    accountEvidence,
-    revocationNamed,
-    providerId: options?.providerId,
-    modelId,
-    modelBlockHits,
-    staticToken,
-    credentialKind,
-    buddy,
-    buddyBanned,
-    priceRefusal,
-    deploymentInfraError,
-    quotaSignal,
-    policyRejection,
-    requestScoped,
-    channelRejection,
-    hostedToolFailure,
-    modelEntitlementFailure,
-    queuedUpstream,
-    validationRequired,
-    validationUrl,
-  };
-
-  for (const rule of ACCOUNT_ERROR_RULES) {
-    if (rule.match(signals)) return rule.decide(signals);
-  }
-
-  // Same reasoning as above, with the shortest backoff: an unmapped failure
-  // must still be retried automatically rather than parked forever.
-  const unclassifiedMs = UNCLASSIFIED_COOLDOWN_MS();
-  return result(
-    "unknown",
-    "cooldown",
-    unclassifiedMs,
-    new Date(Date.now() + unclassifiedMs),
-    reason("Unclassified provider failure"),
-    false,
-  );
-}
-
-/**
- * The ordered arms of {@link classifyAccountError}, tried top to bottom; the
- * first match decides. Order is behavior, not presentation — see
- * {@link AccountErrorRule}.
- */
-const ACCOUNT_ERROR_RULES: readonly AccountErrorRule[] = [
-  {
-    // Must precede "rate-limit": this rejection is a 429 whose own text says
-    // "rate limit", so the broader arm claimed it and cooled the account for
-    // the full 15-minute rate-limit window.
-    //
-    // A full max-inflight is a statement about the gateway's own routing, not
-    // about the credential: every account serving the model is busy right now.
-    // Cooling them marks healthy accounts as `cooldown` for a limit their
-    // provider never applied, which is what made every account read busy while
-    // incoming requests piled up — the accounts were never the problem, the
-    // ceiling was.
-    name: "gateway-capacity-exhausted",
-    match: (s) =>
-      s.lower.includes("at its concurrency limit") ||
-      s.lower.includes("every proxy pool for this provider is at its concurrency limit") ||
-      s.lower.includes("the gateway is at its concurrency limit"),
-    decide: (s) =>
-      s.result(
-        "model_capacity",
-        // `status` is the status the account would move to; it is never
-        // applied because `mutatesAccount` is false below, so this names the
-        // shape rather than a transition. Zero cooldown is the point: no wait
-        // is attached to the account, so the next request may use it at once.
-        "cooldown",
-        0,
-        null,
-        s.reason("Gateway concurrency ceiling reached; no account was at fault"),
-        // Never mutates: there is nothing wrong with the account to record.
-        false,
-      ),
-  },
-  {
-    // Must precede the unclassified fallback: the fallback is account-blind and
-    // would stamp this as a provider-wide failure, which is how one proxy
-    // refusing CONNECT put every account of every provider behind that pool
-    // into cooldown — opencode's dead front door taking codebuddy down with it.
-    //
-    // A CONNECT refusal is a statement about the proxy pool, not about a
-    // credential: the tunnel was never established, so no upstream ever saw the
-    // request and no account can be at fault. Scoped to the pool so the
-    // provider's own accounts stay in rotation.
-    name: "proxy-connect-refusal",
-    match: (s) =>
-      s.lower.includes("proxy connect failed") ||
-      (s.lower.includes("connect") && s.lower.includes("tunnel") && s.lower.includes("refus")),
-    decide: (s) =>
-      s.result(
-        "model_unreachable",
-        "cooldown",
-        0,
-        null,
-        s.reason("Proxy pool refused the CONNECT tunnel"),
-        // Never mutates: the pool owns this failure, not the account.
-        false,
-      ),
-  },
-  {
-    name: "deployment-infrastructure",
-    match: (s) => s.deploymentInfraError,
-    decide: (s) =>
-      s.result(
-        "server_error",
-        "cooldown",
-        60_000,
-        null,
-        `Proxy deployment error: ${s.message.slice(0, 160)}`,
-        false,
-      ),
-  },
-  {
-    name: "model-frequency-window",
-    match: (s) => s.lower.includes("frequency limit") && s.lower.includes("switch to the other models"),
-    decide: (s) => {
-      const cooldownMs = s.statedCooldownMs ?? DEFAULT_QUOTA_COOLDOWN_MS();
-      return s.result(
-        "rate_limit_transient",
-        "cooldown",
-        cooldownMs,
-        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
-        s.reason("Provider frequency limit for this model"),
-        // Provider-scoped evidence still has to reach the writer: a stream frame
-        // carries no credential detail, so `canMutate` is false and without this
-        // the pair would be retried for the whole window it was closed for.
-        s.origin === "upstream" && s.scope === "provider",
-      );
-    },
-  },
-  {
-    name: "content-policy-block",
-    match: (s) => s.policyRejection && s.buddy,
-    decide: (s) => {
-      // A ban is a verdict on the credential, and cooldown cannot answer it:
-      // the account is refused, not throttled. Disabling is the fix, and
-      // disabling *immediately* is a feature — a client's retry budget is spent
-      // in seconds, so a banned account that merely cooled stayed in the plan
-      // and burned sibling accounts that were still healthy before the window
-      // expired.
-      //
-      // The two shapes are told apart by the body, not the code alone: `11140`
-      // names a restriction on the account, `11-128` refuses the request.
-      if (s.buddyBanned) {
-        return s.result(
-          "policy_blocked_banned",
-          "disabled",
-          0,
-          null,
-          s.reason("Account banned by upstream"),
-          // A ban is evidence about the credential even at provider scope, for
-          // the same reason a named revocation is: the message is the evidence.
-          // Without this a stream frame's missing credential detail would leave
-          // a banned account serving.
-          true,
-        );
-      }
-      // Not a ban: the upstream refused this request. The account is fine, so
-      // the only correct move is to stop retrying it verbatim. Cooling the
-      // account here was the bug that made one malformed request look like a
-      // dead credential.
-      return s.result(
-        "policy_blocked_invalid_request",
-        "cooldown",
-        0,
-        null,
-        s.reason("Upstream refused this request"),
-        // Never mutates: a malformed body fails identically on every account,
-        // so cooling would burn a healthy credential on the gateway's own fault.
-        false,
-      );
-    },
-  },
-  {
-    name: "request-scoped-rejection",
-    match: (s) => s.requestScoped && s.buddy,
-    decide: (s) =>
-      s.result("unknown", "cooldown", 0, null, s.reason("Request-scoped upstream rejection"), false),
-  },
-  {
-    name: "channel-rejection",
-    match: (s) => s.channelRejection && s.buddy,
-    decide: (s) => {
-      const channelBlockMs = resolveAccountPolicyBlockCooldownMs();
-      return s.result(
-        "policy_blocked",
-        "cooldown",
-        channelBlockMs,
-        new Date(Date.now() + channelBlockMs),
-        s.reason("Provider channel rejection"),
-        s.origin === "upstream",
-      );
-    },
-  },
-  {
-    name: "validation-required",
-    match: (s) => s.validationRequired,
-    decide: (s) =>
-      s.result(
-        "validation_required",
-        "disabled",
-        0,
-        null,
-        s.validationUrl !== undefined
-          ? `${s.reason("Google account verification required")} — ${s.validationUrl}`
-          : s.reason("Google account verification required"),
-        // The upstream named the verdict; the account cannot serve until the
-        // operator completes verification.
-        true,
-      ),
-  },
-  {
-    name: "credential-rejected",
-    match: (s) =>
-      !s.quotaSignal &&
-      !s.policyRejection &&
-      !s.hostedToolFailure &&
-      !s.modelEntitlementFailure &&
-      !s.queuedUpstream &&
-      (s.providerCode === "authentication_failed" ||
-        s.folded.includes("invalid api key") ||
-        s.folded.includes("incorrect api key") ||
-        s.folded.includes("invalid token") ||
-        s.folded.includes("token revoked") ||
-        s.folded.includes("invalidated oauth token") ||
-        s.folded.includes("reauthorization required") ||
-        s.folded.includes("account deactivated") ||
-        // Trae answers `1001 "we are not able to authenticate you"` when the
-        // credential is dead or invalidated — it is the provider's own auth
-        // verdict, but the code is numeric, so it is excluded from the bare
-        // 401/403 arm below. Recognising it here keeps the account out of the
-        // `unknown` fallback (which never mutates and leaves the account in
-        // rotation to be re-dialled on every request).
-        ((s.providerId === "trae" || s.providerId === "traecn") &&
-          s.providerCode === "1001") ||
-        // A bare 401/403 only proves the credential when the body actually
-        // says so. A purely numeric provider code carries no auth vocabulary —
-        // providers encode limit/entitlement verdicts as numbers too (Qoder's
-        // `110`, buddy's `6004`) — and treating an unknown one as credential
-        // evidence parked healthy accounts as "Re-login required". Unmapped
-        // numeric codes fall through to the unclassified cooldown instead of
-        // ever invalidating.
-        ((s.statusCode === 401 || s.statusCode === 403) &&
-          s.accountEvidence &&
-          !NUMERIC_PROVIDER_CODE.test(s.providerCode))),
-    decide: (s) => {
-      // A static token has no refresh to run, so an auth rejection must not park
-      // the account: disabling it throws away a token that may still work (a
-      // single upstream 401 can be transient). A cooldown lets the next attempt
-      // retry the same token without losing the account.
-      const oauthRecovery =
-        !s.staticToken &&
-        s.credentialKind === "oauth" &&
-        (s.lower.includes("expired") || s.lower.includes("refresh"));
-      // A *named* revocation is the one auth outcome that still parks the account.
-      // The upstream said the credential itself is dead — not that it expired, not
-      // that this request was refused — so there is no window to wait out and no
-      // refresh to run, and a cooldown would only return it to rotation to fail
-      // again. Every other auth rejection is weak evidence (clock skew, a key
-      // rotated a moment ago, an edge answering before the credential loads) and
-      // cools down instead.
-      //
-      // This distinction is the whole fix. Reaching `disabled` from the generic
-      // `401`/`403` branch would be unrecoverable by any sweep, so one transient
-      // rejection would remove the account from rotation until an operator
-      // noticed — the exact outcome the comment above says a static token must
-      // not suffer.
-      const revoked = s.revocationNamed;
-      const recoverable = s.staticToken || oauthRecovery || !revoked;
-      // An automatic disable is **not** terminal any more, but the deadline is what
-      // makes that safe: `sweepExpiredCooldowns` recovers a disabled row only when
-      // its `cooldownUntil` has elapsed, and an operator-disabled row keeps that
-      // column null. So the machine can undo its own verdict while an operator's
-      // decision still outranks it — see `resolveAccountDisabledRecoveryMs`.
-      const disabledRecoveryMs = resolveAccountDisabledRecoveryMs();
-      const disabledRetryAt =
-        disabledRecoveryMs > 0 ? new Date(Date.now() + disabledRecoveryMs) : null;
-      const cooldownMs = recoverable ? resolveAccountAuthRejectedCooldownMs() : disabledRecoveryMs;
-      return s.result(
-        "auth_invalidated",
-        recoverable ? "cooldown" : "disabled",
-        cooldownMs,
-        recoverable ? new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs) : disabledRetryAt,
-        s.reason(
-          !revoked
-            ? "Provider credential rejected; retrying after a backoff"
-            : s.staticToken
-              ? "Static token rejected; retrying without a refresh"
-              : oauthRecovery
-                ? "OAuth credential requires refresh"
-                : "Provider credential revoked",
-        ),
-        s.canMutate,
-      );
-    },
-  },
-  {
-    name: "price-refusal",
-    match: (s) => s.priceRefusal,
-    decide: (s) =>
-      s.result("quota_exhausted", "cooldown", 0, null, s.reason("Request price refused by the provider"), false),
-  },
-  {
-    // Qoder's code-112 pricing refusal (`{"code":"112","message":"{\"pricingUrl\":...}"}`)
-    // is a "this model is not included in this account's plan, buy more" verdict
-    // for one pair — the account keeps serving its other models. The probe path
-    // does not always carry the code in its evidence (only the message does), so
-    // the match keys on the provider id plus the pricing-page wording as well.
-    // It must run before `quota-exhausted`, which would park the whole account.
-    name: "qoder-plan-gated",
-    match: (s) =>
-      (s.providerId === "qoder" || s.providerId === "qodercn") &&
-      (s.providerCode === "112" || s.lower.includes("pricingurl")),
-    decide: (s) => {
-      const cooldownMs = unsupportedModelCooldownMs(s.modelBlockHits);
-      return s.result(
-        "model_unreachable",
-        "cooldown",
-        cooldownMs,
-        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
-        s.reason("Model not included in this account's plan"),
-        s.origin === "upstream" && s.modelId !== undefined,
-        true,
-      );
-    },
-  },
-  {
-    name: "model-plan-gated",
-    match: (s) => s.quotaSignal && s.providerCode === "112",
-    decide: (s) => {
-      const cooldownMs = unsupportedModelCooldownMs(s.modelBlockHits);
-      return s.result(
-        "model_unreachable",
-        "cooldown",
-        cooldownMs,
-        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
-        s.reason("Model not included in this account's plan"),
-        s.origin === "upstream" && s.modelId !== undefined,
-        true,
-      );
-    },
-  },
-  {
-    name: "quota-exhausted",
-    match: (s) => s.quotaSignal,
-    decide: (s) => {
-      // xAI Grok Build's free tier resets on a rolling window. Use a duration
-      // stated by the provider when present; otherwise park for the conservative
-      // 24-hour fallback.
-      const grokFreeTier =
-        s.providerCode === "subscription:free-usage-exhausted" ||
-        s.providerCode.startsWith("subscription:") ||
-        s.lower.includes("free-usage") ||
-        s.lower.includes("free usage") ||
-        s.lower.includes("included free usage") ||
-        s.lower.includes("rolling 24-hour") ||
-        s.lower.includes("rolling 24 hour");
-      const buddyCreditsExhausted =
-        s.providerCode === "14018" || s.lower.includes("credits exhausted");
-      const cooldownMs = grokFreeTier
-        ? (s.statedCooldownMs ?? GROK_QUOTA_COOLDOWN_MS)
-        : buddyCreditsExhausted
-          ? (s.statedCooldownMs ?? 12 * 60 * 60 * 1000)
-          : (s.statedCooldownMs ?? DEFAULT_QUOTA_COOLDOWN_MS());
-      // The caller records against the concrete account that just failed
-      // upstream, so a provider-scoped quota error still cools THAT account
-      // down (enables fallback to the next account). Local-origin quota must
-      // never mutate an upstream account.
-      return s.result(
-        "quota_exhausted",
-        "cooldown",
-        cooldownMs,
-        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
-        s.reason("Provider quota exhausted"),
-        s.origin === "upstream",
-      );
-    },
-  },
-  {
-    // Inception's Free tier throttles per minute (1 000 requests / 1M input
-    // tokens / 100K output tokens) and the window resets every minute. A
-    // generic 429 would cool the account for the 15-minute default, leaving a
-    // healthy key parked long after the window refilled — the source of
-    // "limitasiya lumayan keras". This arm must run before `rate-limit`: it
-    // matches the same signals and shortens the window to 1 minute so routing
-    // moves to the next account and the flagged one returns almost at once.
-    name: "inception-per-minute-limit",
-    match: (s) =>
-      s.providerId === "inception" &&
-      (s.statusCode === 429 ||
-        s.providerCode === "rate_limit_reached" ||
-        s.providerCode === "rate_limit_exceeded" ||
-        s.lower.includes("rate_limit") ||
-        s.lower.includes("rate limit") ||
-        s.lower.includes("too many requests") ||
-        s.lower.includes("tokens per minute") ||
-        s.lower.includes("input token")),
-    decide: (s) => {
-      const cooldownMs = s.statedCooldownMs ?? INCEPTION_RATE_LIMIT_COOLDOWN_MS;
-      return s.result(
-        "rate_limit_transient",
-        "cooldown",
-        cooldownMs,
-        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
-        s.reason("Inception per-minute input-token limit"),
-        s.origin === "upstream",
-      );
-    },
-  },
-  {
-    name: "rate-limit",
-    match: (s) =>
-      s.statusCode === 429 ||
-      s.providerCode === "rate_limit_exceeded" ||
-      s.lower.includes("rate_limit") ||
-      s.lower.includes("rate limit") ||
-      s.lower.includes("too many requests") ||
-      s.lower.includes("requests per minute") ||
-      s.lower.includes("tokens per minute") ||
-      s.lower.includes("tpm limit") ||
-      s.lower.includes("rpm limit"),
-    decide: (s) => {
-      const cooldownMs = s.statedCooldownMs ?? DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_COOLDOWN_MS();
-      // Same per-account reasoning as quota above: the failing account (or
-      // its model, when modelId is present) backs off so routing tries the
-      // next candidate instead of hammering the same key.
-      return s.result(
-        "rate_limit_transient",
-        "cooldown",
-        cooldownMs,
-        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
-        s.reason("Provider rate limit"),
-        s.origin === "upstream",
-      );
-    },
-  },
-  {
-    name: "model-capacity",
-    match: (s) =>
-      s.statusCode === 503 ||
-      s.statusCode === 529 ||
-      s.providerCode === "model_capacity" ||
-      s.queuedUpstream ||
-      s.lower.includes("model overloaded") ||
-      s.lower.includes("capacity exceeded") ||
-      s.lower.includes("temporarily unavailable"),
-    decide: (s) => {
-      const cooldownMs = s.statedCooldownMs ?? MODEL_CAPACITY_COOLDOWN_MS();
-      const modelScopedMutation = s.origin === "upstream" && s.modelId !== undefined;
-      return s.result(
-        "model_capacity",
-        "cooldown",
-        cooldownMs,
-        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
-        s.reason("Provider model capacity"),
-        modelScopedMutation,
-      );
-    },
-  },
-  {
-    name: "model-unsupported",
-    match: (s) => isUnsupportedModelEvidence(s.statusCode, s.providerCode, s.folded),
-    decide: (s) => {
-      const cooldownMs = unsupportedModelCooldownMs(s.modelBlockHits);
-      return s.result(
-        "model_unreachable",
-        "cooldown",
-        cooldownMs,
-        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
-        s.reason("Model not supported by this upstream"),
-        s.origin === "upstream" && s.modelId !== undefined,
-        true,
-      );
-    },
-  },
-  {
-    name: "model-unreachable",
-    match: (s) => s.providerCode === "not_found" || s.modelEntitlementFailure,
-    decide: (s) => {
-      const cooldownMs = MODEL_UNREACHABLE_COOLDOWN_MS;
-      // Not credential evidence, so `classifyUpstreamFailure` scopes this to the
-      // provider and the `scope === "account"` gate the throttles use would
-      // forbid the mutation outright — leaving the probe reporting a failure that
-      // cooled nothing. The verdict is still about one (account, model) pair:
-      // `recordAccountFailure` writes `modelCooldowns[modelId]` and leaves the
-      // account's own status untouched, so all that is required is a model to
-      // write against.
-      const modelScopedMutation = s.origin === "upstream" && s.modelId !== undefined;
-      return s.result(
-        "model_unreachable",
-        "cooldown",
-        cooldownMs,
-        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
-        s.reason("Model unreachable for this account"),
-        modelScopedMutation,
-      );
-    },
-  },
-  {
-    name: "transport-fault",
-    match: (s) =>
-      (s.statusCode !== null && s.statusCode >= 500 && s.statusCode <= 504) ||
-      s.lower.includes("timeout") ||
-      s.lower.includes("abort") ||
-      s.lower.includes("econnrefused") ||
-      s.lower.includes("fetch failed"),
-    decide: (s) => {
-      // A transport-shaped fault clears on its own, so it is a cooldown with a
-      // deadline rather than a state needing an operator. The deadline matters:
-      // `sweepExpiredCooldowns` selects on `cooldownUntil IS NOT NULL`, so a row
-      // parked without one is never recovered and stays out of rotation.
-      //
-      // `canMutate` rather than a flat `false`: a 5xx whose failure the caller
-      // scoped to the account (an edge/WAF challenge answered to one account's
-      // requests while its siblings on the same egress served fine) must cool
-      // that account down, or it stays `active` and is re-dialled for as long as
-      // the block lasts. Provider-scoped 5xx does not: the upstream is
-      // indiscriminately failing and no single account is at fault.
-      const transientMs = TRANSIENT_ERROR_COOLDOWN_MS();
-      return s.result(
-        s.lower.includes("timeout") ? "timeout" : "server_error",
-        "cooldown",
-        transientMs,
-        new Date(Date.now() + transientMs),
-        s.reason(`Provider ${s.statusCode ?? "network"} failure`),
-        s.canMutate,
-      );
-    },
-  },
-];
+/**
+ * Account error classification: turns one upstream failure into a category,
+ * a cooldown window, and a verdict on the account.
+ *
+ * This is the decision half of the account health machine. It is pure: it
+ * reads evidence and returns a classification, writes nothing, and knows
+ * nothing about the database. The writer half lives in
+ * `account-health-service.ts`.
+ */
+import { isRecord } from "../../protocol/codecs";
+import { GatewayError } from "../../protocol/gateway-error";
+import { BUDDY_PROVIDER_IDS } from "../provider-metadata";
+import { parseProviderResetDuration, parseUpstreamBackoff } from "../../protocol/upstream-parsing";
+import {
+  resolveAccountAuthRejectedCooldownMs,
+  resolveAccountCooldownEscalationMaxMs,
+  resolveAccountDisabledRecoveryMs,
+  resolveAccountModelCapacityCooldownMs,
+  resolveAccountPolicyBlockCooldownMs,
+  resolveAccountQuotaCooldownMs,
+  resolveAccountRateLimitCooldownMs,
+  resolveAccountTransientCooldownMs,
+  resolveAccountUnclassifiedCooldownMs,
+} from "../../config/cooldowns";
+const DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_COOLDOWN_MS = resolveAccountRateLimitCooldownMs;
+/**
+ * Inception's per-minute limit window (1 minute).
+ *
+ * Inception's Free tier throttles per minute (1 000 requests / 1M input
+ * tokens / 100K output tokens) and the window resets every minute. The generic
+ * 15-minute rate-limit fallback would park a healthy key long after the window
+ * refilled; 1 minute is the provider's own cadence, hardcoded because it is a
+ * fact about the upstream, not a deployment knob.
+ */
+const INCEPTION_RATE_LIMIT_COOLDOWN_MS = 60_000;
+// Fallback when the error states no usable duration: deliberately short (1h,
+// not 24h) — quota state is re-probed on the next failure, so an unknown
+// reset cadence self-corrects instead of parking the account for a day.
+const DEFAULT_QUOTA_COOLDOWN_MS = resolveAccountQuotaCooldownMs;
+const MODEL_CAPACITY_COOLDOWN_MS = resolveAccountModelCapacityCooldownMs;
+const TRANSIENT_ERROR_COOLDOWN_MS = resolveAccountTransientCooldownMs;
+/**
+ * Accounts one cooldown-recovery pass brings back. The sweep ticks every 30s,
+ * so a larger backlog drains over successive passes rather than one statement
+ * covering every expired row.
+ */
+export const COOLDOWN_RECOVERY_BATCH = 500;
+/**
+ * Backoff for a failure no rule matched. Short on purpose: an unclassified
+ * error is more likely a new upstream shape than a broken account, so the
+ * account returns to rotation quickly.
+ */
+const UNCLASSIFIED_COOLDOWN_MS = resolveAccountUnclassifiedCooldownMs;
+/**
+ * xAI Grok Build's free tier resets on a rolling 24-hour window, so its
+ * exhaustion is a full-day quota cooldown — never the generic 1h fallback,
+ * which let the account re-enter rotation inside the window.
+ */
+const GROK_QUOTA_COOLDOWN_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+/**
+ * The buddy family's policy/channel block (`11140`, `11128`) is a *base* backoff,
+ * not a flat penalty — see {@link resolveAccountPolicyBlockCooldownMs}. It used
+ * to be two constants, 24h for the content block and 6h for the channel one,
+ * both applied on the first observation. That was wrong in the direction that
+ * costs most: `11140` is also what a wrong desktop `User-Agent` brand answers
+ * (`workbuddy/shared.ts`), so after we fixed a header regression every buddy
+ * account stayed dead for up to a further day, and one prompt that failed a
+ * safety review cost a whole account a day. As a base it escalates through the
+ * consecutive-failure ladder, which tells the two causes apart by what they do
+ * next — a genuinely blocked account is refused again immediately and parks
+ * itself within minutes.
+ */
+/**
+ * Backoff for a model the upstream says does not exist for this account
+ * (Cursor answers Connect `not_found` for a model the credential's plan does
+ * not reach). Long, because the verdict is a property of the plan and will not
+ * change on the next request — but bounded, so a plan upgrade is picked up
+ * without an operator clearing it by hand.
+ */
+const MODEL_UNREACHABLE_COOLDOWN_MS = 6 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+/**
+ * Backoff for a model the upstream does not serve at all (buddy family
+ * business code `11102` — `service info not found` — or a `model ... not
+ * found/supported` message). Mirrors the reference gateways'
+ * `MODEL_SITE_BLOCK_S` → `MODEL_SITE_BLOCK_MAX_S`.
+ *
+ * Escalating rather than flat: the pair is re-dialled after the first window
+ * and answers the same thing, so a flat 6h let a permanently unsupported model
+ * consume a request every six hours forever. The ladder tops out at a day,
+ * which is long enough to stop the redial and short enough that a backend that
+ * starts serving the model is picked up without an operator clearing it.
+ *
+ * This is the one place the references' *strict* behaviour is adopted as a
+ * backoff rather than as a 400: nothing currently succeeds through it, so no
+ * client is broken by it.
+ */
+const UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_COOLDOWN_MS = 6 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+const UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_COOLDOWN_MAX_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+/** How many doublings an unsupported-model cooldown may take before the cap. */
+const UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_MAX_LEVEL = 8;
+
+/**
+ * The cooldown for the *nth* consecutive unsupported-model report (`hits` is
+ * the new total, so the first report is `hits === 1`).
+ *
+ * Exported because the writer, not the classifier, is the only place that
+ * reads the authoritative hit count — the classifier sees only the count the
+ * caller supplied, which is absent on the first report of a pair.
+ */
+export function unsupportedModelCooldownMs(hits: number): number {
+  const level = Math.min(Math.max(0, Math.round(hits) - 1), UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_MAX_LEVEL);
+  return Math.min(
+    UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_COOLDOWN_MS * 2 ** level,
+    UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_COOLDOWN_MAX_MS,
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * The wording an upstream uses for "we do not serve this model at all", as
+ * opposed to "this account cannot reach it" (403 entitlement, above) or "this
+ * route does not exist" (404 `upstream_not_found`).
+ */
+const UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_MESSAGE =
+  /service info not found|model\s.{0,80}?\bnot\s+(?:found|supported)\b/;
+
+/**
+ * True when the evidence says the upstream does not serve the model.
+ *
+ * Narrow on purpose, and narrower than `model_unreachable`: only a 400/404
+ * carrying the buddy family's `11102` or one of the two phrasings above. A
+ * 4xx that merely *mentions* a model is far more often a payload the caller
+ * got wrong, and cooling a pair for six hours over that takes a working model
+ * out of rotation for a request bug.
+ */
+function isUnsupportedModelEvidence(
+  statusCode: number | null,
+  providerCode: string,
+  lower: string,
+): boolean {
+  if (statusCode !== 400 && statusCode !== 404) return false;
+  return providerCode === "11102" || UNSUPPORTED_MODEL_MESSAGE.test(lower);
+}
+
+// ===== health/account-recorder.ts =====
+export interface AccountHealthEventRecord {
+  readonly id: string;
+  readonly accountId: string;
+  readonly fromStatus: string | null;
+  readonly toStatus: string;
+  readonly reason: string | null;
+  readonly errorCategory: string | null;
+  readonly modelId: string | null;
+  readonly createdAt: string;
+}
+
+export type AccountErrorCategory =
+  | "quota_exhausted"
+  | "rate_limit_transient"
+  | "model_capacity"
+  | "model_unreachable"
+  | "auth_invalidated"
+  /**
+   * Deprecated: an upstream ban. Kept so existing health rows keep rendering
+   * instead of showing a blank cause. No longer produced — see
+   * `policy_blocked_banned` and `policy_blocked_invalid_request`.
+   */
+  | "policy_blocked"
+  /**
+   * The upstream banned this credential: a verdict on the account, e.g. buddy
+   * `11140` "request illegal" with "Your account has been restricted due to
+   * unusual activity". Cooldown cannot help — the account is not throttled, it
+   * is refused. Disabling immediately is a *feature*: a client's retry budget
+   * is spent in seconds, so surviving attempts burn sibling accounts that are
+   * still healthy.
+   */
+  | "policy_blocked_banned"
+  /**
+   * The upstream refused this request: a verdict on the request. e.g. buddy
+   * `11-128` "request illegal" with no account restriction. Distinguished from
+   * {@link policy_blocked_banned} because the correct responses differ — a
+   * banned account must be disabled, a malformed request must only stop being
+   * retried verbatim.
+   */
+  | "policy_blocked_invalid_request"
+  | "server_error"
+  | "timeout"
+  | "validation_required"
+  | "unknown";
+export type AccountFailureOrigin = "cartethyia" | "upstream" | "network";
+export type AccountFailureScope =
+  | "account"
+  | "provider"
+  | "model"
+  | "pool"
+  | "tenant"
+  | "request"
+  | "network"
+  | "unknown";
+
+export interface AccountFailureEvidence {
+  readonly origin?: AccountFailureOrigin;
+  readonly scope?: AccountFailureScope;
+  readonly credentialKind?: string;
+  /**
+   * The account's credential is a static bearer token used as issued and never
+   * refreshed. An auth rejection against a static token is not a refreshable
+   * fault: refreshing cannot help, and disabling the account discards a token
+   * that may still be valid for other requests. Such a failure cools the
+   * account down instead of parking it.
+   */
+  readonly staticToken?: boolean;
+  readonly providerCode?: string;
+  readonly credentialEvidence?: boolean;
+  readonly retryAfterMs?: number;
+  readonly statusCode?: number | null;
+  readonly headers?: Headers | Record<string, string> | null;
+  readonly modelId?: string;
+  /**
+   * Provider that produced the failure. Used only for the one
+   * provider-family-specific policy rule (the buddy family's `11140`
+   * content-policy block), never to broaden what disables an account.
+   */
+  readonly providerId?: string;
+  /**
+   * How many times this (account, model) pair has already been reported
+   * unsupported, when the caller has read them. Best-effort: the classifier
+   * states the base window without it, and the writer recomputes against the
+   * count it reads itself.
+   */
+  readonly modelBlockHits?: number;
+  /**
+   * The upstream's own error body, when the caller has it.
+   *
+   * Providers state a reset window in structured fields far more reliably than
+   * in prose — a body carrying `resets_at`, `resets_in_seconds` or
+   * `limit_window_minutes` is an exact statement, while the same body's
+   * `message` ("The usage limit has been reached") names no window at all.
+   * Without this the classifier falls back to a fixed 15-minute cooldown for a
+   * limit the provider said resets in 23 days.
+   */
+  readonly upstreamBody?: unknown;
+}
+
+export interface AccountErrorClassification {
+  readonly category: AccountErrorCategory;
+  readonly status: "cooldown" | "disabled";
+  readonly cooldownMs: number;
+  readonly reason: string;
+  readonly retryAt: Date | null;
+  readonly mutatesAccount: boolean;
+  /**
+   * True when this write changed a field the routing snapshot actually reads.
+   *
+   * Routing reads account-wide `status`/`cooldownUntil` and the per-model
+   * `modelCooldowns` map (`route-catalog.ts`). Writes to any of those must drop
+   * the snapshot; failure streaks and diagnostic text remain invisible to
+   * routing.
+   *
+   * Only a changed deadline is routing-visible. Re-reporting the same active
+   * model cooldown must not rebuild the snapshot again.
+   */
+  readonly routesVisible: boolean;
+  /**
+   * True when `cooldownMs` came from the provider's own statement — a parsed
+   * `Retry-After`-family header, or a reset quoted in its message — rather than
+   * from one of this module's fallback constants.
+   *
+   * A property of the *evidence*, not of the category, so it is the same for
+   * every branch of one classification. Only {@link escalateFallbackCooldown}
+   * reads it: a provider-stated window is the truth and is never multiplied.
+   */
+  readonly providerStated?: boolean;
+  /**
+   * True when the upstream reported the model as one it does not serve (the
+   * buddy family's `11102`), rather than one this account merely cannot reach.
+   *
+   * A property of the classification, because both verdicts land in the same
+   * `model_unreachable` category and the writer cannot otherwise tell them
+   * apart — it needs to know whether to count the hit and escalate the window.
+   */
+  readonly modelUnsupported?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * How many doublings a fallback cooldown may take before the cap takes over.
+ *
+ * Four is enough to reach the cap from every fallback default (the longest is
+ * the 1h quota fallback, which reaches it on the first doubling) while keeping
+ * the ladder short enough to reason about.
+ */
+const COOLDOWN_ESCALATION_MAX_LEVEL = 4;
+
+/**
+ * A provider code that is digits only. Such codes are identifiers, not auth
+ * vocabulary — providers encode spend/entitlement verdicts as numbers (Qoder's
+ * `110`, buddy's `6004`) — so the bare-401/403 credential arm must not treat
+ * an unknown one as evidence that the credential died.
+ */
+const NUMERIC_PROVIDER_CODE = /^\d+$/;
+
+/**
+ * Escalates a *fallback* cooldown for an account that keeps failing.
+ *
+ * `consecutiveFailures` has been incremented on every account failure since the
+ * health machine was written, but nothing ever read it — so a broken upstream
+ * was re-dialled once a minute forever, and an account whose quota had an
+ * unstated reset came straight back into rotation every time its short fallback
+ * lapsed. The count is now a backoff level: each further consecutive failure
+ * doubles the fallback, clamped to {@link resolveAccountCooldownEscalationMaxMs}.
+ *
+ * Two guards keep it from overriding the provider. A duration the provider
+ * *stated* is never multiplied — that window is the truth. And the caller writes
+ * the result through a monotonic maximum, so a burst of concurrent in-flight
+ * failures advances the deadline to the longest of them instead of compounding
+ * once per failure.
+ */
+export function escalateFallbackCooldown(
+  cooldownMs: number,
+  providerStated: boolean,
+  consecutiveFailures: number,
+): number {
+  if (providerStated || cooldownMs <= 0) return cooldownMs;
+  const level = Math.min(Math.max(0, consecutiveFailures), COOLDOWN_ESCALATION_MAX_LEVEL);
+  return Math.min(cooldownMs * 2 ** level, resolveAccountCooldownEscalationMaxMs());
+}
+
+/**
+ * The later of a candidate deadline and the one already recorded.
+ *
+ * Every fallback duration is recomputed from *now* on each failure, so writing
+ * it unconditionally let a fresh short failure *shorten* a longer window already
+ * in force: a 60-second unclassified cooldown overwrote the provider's own
+ * "Try again in 11h" and released the pair back into rotation inside a window
+ * the upstream had closed, where it failed again — once a minute, forever.
+ * A cooling deadline may only ever move later.
+ */
+export function latestDeadlineMs(...candidates: readonly (number | undefined | null)[]): number {
+  let latest = 0;
+  for (const value of candidates) {
+    if (typeof value !== "number" || !Number.isFinite(value)) continue;
+    if (value > latest) latest = value;
+  }
+  return latest;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The account-wide deadline to write, or `null` for "no deadline".
+ *
+ * {@link latestDeadlineMs} cannot express *no* deadline — it floors at 0 — and
+ * the account-wide write has one state that needs it. With
+ * `CARTETHYIA_ACCOUNT_DISABLED_RECOVERY_MS=0` an automatic disable is meant to
+ * be terminal again, and the classifier correctly reports `retryAt: null`.
+ * Deriving the deadline from `Date.now() + cooldownMs` instead stamps *now*.
+ * The recovery sweep then treats that elapsed deadline as
+ * an automatic disable awaiting recovery and returns the row to rotation on its
+ * next tick — the escape hatch enabled exactly the behavior it documents
+ * itself as disabling.
+ *
+ * A candidate only exists when there is a real window to state. Monotonicity is
+ * preserved: a deadline already in force still wins over a new `null`.
+ */
+export function accountDeadlineMs(
+  candidates: readonly (number | undefined | null)[],
+): Date | null {
+  const latest = latestDeadlineMs(...candidates);
+  return latest > 0 ? new Date(latest) : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether the upstream named a restriction on the account itself.
+ *
+ * The buddy family reuses "request illegal" for two unrelated rejections, and
+ * the difference is only in the body:
+ *
+ * - `11140` carries `displayMsg` about the account being restricted ("Your
+ *   account has been restricted due to unusual activity") and `actions`
+ *   offering an appeal. That is a ban — the account is refused, not throttled.
+ * - `11-128` is a refusal of this request; the account is fine.
+ *
+ * Proven account-scoped (2026-10-16): two live share-page requests carrying
+ * byte-identical bodies and headers to the same model differed only in the
+ * pooled account, and the blocked one 400'd while the other 200'd.
+ *
+ * Matched on the code *and* the account-restriction wording, so an unrelated
+ * upstream that happens to say "restricted" in prose cannot disable accounts.
+ */
+function isBuddyAccountBanned(
+  lower: string,
+  providerCode: string,
+  upstreamBody: unknown,
+): boolean {
+  if (providerCode !== "11140") return false;
+  if (banWording(lower)) return true;
+  // The message alone is not enough, and this is the case that proved it: the
+  // provider's message for a ban is the same two words it uses for a refused
+  // request — "request illegal" — while the actual verdict ("Your account has
+  // been restricted due to unusual activity") lives in `displayMsg`, which the
+  // message extractor never reads. Matching only the message therefore read
+  // every ban as a mere request refusal: no category, no disable, and the
+  // account kept serving.
+  const body = isRecord(upstreamBody) ? upstreamBody : undefined;
+  if (body === undefined) return false;
+  for (const field of ["displayMsg", "displayTips", "msg", "message"]) {
+    const value = body[field];
+    if (typeof value === "string" && banWording(value.toLowerCase())) return true;
+    // `displayMsg` is a per-language map: `{ en: "…", zh: "…" }`. Any
+    // language states the same verdict, so all of them are read.
+    if (!isRecord(value)) continue;
+    for (const nested of Object.values(value)) {
+      if (typeof nested === "string" && banWording(nested.toLowerCase())) return true;
+    }
+  }
+  // `actions` names the remedy: an appeal can only be offered for a verdict
+  // about the account, and "edit input" only ever describes a request.
+  const actions = body["actions"];
+  if (Array.isArray(actions)) {
+    for (const action of actions) {
+      if (typeof action !== "string") continue;
+      if (action.toLowerCase().includes("appeal") || action.toLowerCase().includes("feedback")) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/** The wording an upstream uses when it restricted the account, not the request. */
+function banWording(lower: string): boolean {
+  return (
+    lower.includes("restricted") ||
+    lower.includes("has been banned") ||
+    lower.includes("unusual activity") ||
+    lower.includes("appeal this restriction") ||
+    lower.includes("submit feedback to appeal") ||
+    lower.includes("account has been") ||
+    lower.includes("账号存在异常行为") ||
+    lower.includes("帳號存在異常行為")
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Bounded to a day, matching `MAX_COOLDOWN_MS` in the failure policy: a stated
+ * window longer than that is a monthly or plan-level limit, and parking an
+ * account for a month on one upstream field is a decision for the operator,
+ * not an automatic one.
+ */
+const MAX_UPSTREAM_STATED_COOLDOWN_MS = 24 * 3600 * 1000;
+
+/** Parses the stored upstream text as JSON. Returns `undefined` when it is not. */
+function tryParseUpstreamBody(text: string): unknown {
+  try {
+    const parsed: unknown = JSON.parse(text);
+    return typeof parsed === "object" && parsed !== null ? parsed : undefined;
+  } catch {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads a reset window the upstream stated in structured fields.
+ *
+ * A body like `{"error":{"type":"usage_limit_reached","resets_at":1795019113,
+ * "resets_in_seconds":2072028}}` states the window exactly, while its own
+ * `message` ("The usage limit has been reached") states none — so parsing only
+ * prose leaves a 23-day limit cooling for the 15-minute fallback, and the
+ * account re-enters rotation hours before it can serve.
+ *
+ * Both spellings are read because providers use both: an absolute epoch
+ * (`resets_at`, seconds or milliseconds) and a relative delay
+ * (`resets_in_seconds`). The later of the two wins, since they are the same
+ * claim computed at slightly different instants.
+ */
+function parseUpstreamBodyReset(body: unknown): number | null {
+  if (typeof body !== "object" || body === null) return null;
+  const record = body as Record<string, unknown>;
+  // Some providers nest under `error`, some return it at the top level.
+  const candidates = [record, (record["error"] as Record<string, unknown> | undefined) ?? undefined];
+  let best: number | null = null;
+  for (const candidate of candidates) {
+    if (typeof candidate !== "object" || candidate === null) continue;
+    const now = Date.now();
+
+    const absolute = candidate["resets_at"] ?? candidate["reset_at"];
+    if (typeof absolute === "number" && Number.isFinite(absolute) && absolute > 0) {
+      // Seconds vs milliseconds: a plausible epoch in seconds is ~10 digits, in
+      // milliseconds ~13, and the two are four orders of magnitude apart — so
+      // the smaller is scaled up rather than guessed from a threshold date.
+      const epochMs = absolute < 1e11 ? absolute * 1000 : absolute;
+      const delay = epochMs - now;
+      if (delay > 0) best = best === null ? delay : Math.max(best, delay);
+    }
+
+    const relative =
+      candidate["resets_in_seconds"] ??
+      candidate["reset_in_seconds"] ??
+      candidate["retry_after_seconds"];
+    if (typeof relative === "number" && Number.isFinite(relative) && relative > 0) {
+      const delay = relative * 1000;
+      best = best === null ? delay : Math.max(best, delay);
+    }
+
+    const minutes = candidate["limit_window_minutes"] ?? candidate["reset_in_minutes"];
+    if (typeof minutes === "number" && Number.isFinite(minutes) && minutes > 0) {
+      const delay = minutes * 60_000;
+      best = best === null ? delay : Math.max(best, delay);
+    }
+  }
+  return best === null ? null : Math.min(MAX_UPSTREAM_STATED_COOLDOWN_MS, Math.round(best));
+}
+
+
+interface AccountErrorContext {
+  readonly message: string;
+  readonly lower: string;
+  readonly folded: string;
+  readonly statusCode: number | null;
+  readonly origin: AccountFailureOrigin;
+  readonly scope: AccountFailureScope;
+  readonly revocationNamed: boolean;
+  readonly accountEvidence: boolean;
+  readonly canMutate: boolean;
+  readonly providerCode: string;
+  readonly statedCooldownMs: number | null;
+  /** Echo of the caller's evidence; read only by the arms that need it. */
+  readonly providerId: string | undefined;
+  /** The raw upstream response body, when the dispatch path stored it. */
+  readonly rawUpstreamResponse: string | undefined;
+  /**
+   * The upstream named a restriction on the account, not a refusal of the
+   * request. Read by the policy arm to pick between disabling the account and
+   * merely refusing the request.
+   */
+  readonly buddyBanned: boolean;
+  readonly reason: (prefix: string) => string;
+  readonly result: (
+    category: AccountErrorCategory,
+    status: AccountErrorClassification["status"],
+    cooldownMs: number,
+    retryAt: Date | null,
+    explanation: string,
+    mutatesAccount?: boolean,
+    modelUnsupported?: boolean,
+  ) => AccountErrorClassification;
+}
+
+/**
+ * One arm of the classifier: an ordered `(match, decide)` pair.
+ *
+ * The arms are **not** independent predicates. Later arms are deliberately
+ * broader than earlier ones — `quotaSignal` matches every price refusal, and
+ * `authSignal` matches a superset of the request-scoped codes — so a match
+ * only wins because it is tried first. That is why they live in one ordered
+ * list rather than behind a dispatch map or a set of independent `if`s: the
+ * list is the precedence, and reading it top to bottom is reading the
+ * decision.
+ *
+ * `match` is a pure function of the shared signals (no closure over the
+ * classifier's locals, no allocation per classification): the table is built
+ * once per call from values already computed for every arm.
+ */
+interface AccountErrorRule {
+  readonly name: string;
+  readonly match: (signals: AccountErrorSignals) => boolean;
+  readonly decide: (signals: AccountErrorSignals) => AccountErrorClassification;
+}
+
+/** The shared signals every arm reads, computed once per classification. */
+interface AccountErrorSignals {
+  readonly message: string;
+  readonly lower: string;
+  readonly folded: string;
+  readonly statusCode: number | null;
+  readonly origin: AccountFailureOrigin;
+  readonly scope: AccountFailureScope;
+  readonly providerCode: string;
+  readonly statedCooldownMs: number | null;
+  readonly reason: (prefix: string) => string;
+  readonly result: AccountErrorContext["result"];
+  readonly canMutate: boolean;
+  readonly accountEvidence: boolean;
+  readonly revocationNamed: boolean;
+  /** Echo of the caller's evidence; read only by the arms that need it. */
+  readonly providerId: string | undefined;
+  readonly modelId: string | undefined;
+  readonly modelBlockHits: number;
+  readonly staticToken: boolean;
+  readonly credentialKind: string | undefined;
+  /** Buddy-family provider: the only family with provider-specific codes below. */
+  readonly buddy: boolean;
+  /**
+   * The upstream named a restriction on this account, not a refusal of the
+   * request. Only the `11140` shape carries `displayMsg` about the account
+   * being restricted, so the policy arm can tell a ban from a bad request
+   * instead of treating both as one cooldown.
+   */
+  readonly buddyBanned: boolean;
+  readonly priceRefusal: boolean;
+  readonly deploymentInfraError: boolean;
+  readonly quotaSignal: boolean;
+  readonly policyRejection: boolean;
+  readonly requestScoped: boolean;
+  readonly channelRejection: boolean;
+  readonly hostedToolFailure: boolean;
+  readonly modelEntitlementFailure: boolean;
+  readonly queuedUpstream: boolean;
+  readonly validationRequired: boolean;
+  readonly validationUrl: string | undefined;
+}
+
+const VALIDATION_URL_RE = /https?:\/\/[^\s"'\\]+/;
+
+/**
+ * Extracts the Google `validation_url` from an Antigravity rejection.
+ *
+ * The URL can appear either in the message itself or nested in the raw
+ * upstream JSON (`details[].metadata.validation_url`). Returning `undefined`
+ * means nothing actionable was found — the classifier then just parks the
+ * account without a link.
+ */
+function extractValidationUrl(message: string, rawUpstreamResponse: string | undefined): string | undefined {
+  if (rawUpstreamResponse !== undefined && rawUpstreamResponse.includes("validation_url")) {
+    try {
+      const parsed = JSON.parse(rawUpstreamResponse) as {
+        error?: {
+          details?: Array<{ metadata?: Record<string, unknown> }>;
+        };
+      };
+      for (const detail of parsed?.error?.details ?? []) {
+        const url = detail?.metadata?.["validation_url"];
+        if (typeof url === "string" && url.length > 0 && url.startsWith("http")) return url;
+      }
+    } catch {
+      /* fall through to message regex */
+    }
+  }
+  const m = VALIDATION_URL_RE.exec(message);
+  return m?.[0];
+}
+
+/** Build the request-independent evidence consumed by the ordered classifier. */
+function accountErrorContext(error: unknown, options?: AccountFailureEvidence): AccountErrorContext {  const errorRecord = isRecord(error) ? error : undefined;
+  const message =
+    error instanceof Error
+      ? error.message
+      : typeof error === "string"
+        ? error
+        : typeof errorRecord?.message === "string"
+          ? errorRecord.message
+          : String(error ?? "Unknown error");
+  const lower = message.toLowerCase();
+  const statusCode =
+    options?.statusCode ??
+    (typeof errorRecord?.status === "number" ? errorRecord.status : null);
+  const origin = options?.origin ?? "cartethyia";
+  const scope = options?.scope ?? "unknown";
+  // Providers write the same phrase with different separators: codex reports
+  // `token_revoked`, others `token revoked` or `token-revoked`. Folding the
+  // separators once lets every match below see one spelling.
+  const folded = lower.replace(/[_-]+/g, " ");
+  // A revocation named in the message is evidence about the credential itself,
+  // whichever scope the caller could establish. A stream error frame carries
+  // no `credentialEvidence` detail and classifies at provider scope, so without
+  // this the account stays in rotation: the phrase is recognised and then
+  // discarded because nothing mutates on provider scope.
+  const revocationNamed = folded.includes("token revoked") || folded.includes("invalidated oauth token");
+  const accountEvidence =
+    options?.credentialEvidence === true ||
+    revocationNamed ||
+    (options?.origin === "upstream" && options.scope === "account");
+  // A named revocation mutates even at provider scope: the message is the
+  // evidence, and provider scope is what a frame with no credential detail
+  // classifies as. Every other signal still needs account scope.
+  const canMutate = origin === "upstream" && (revocationNamed || (scope === "account" && accountEvidence));
+  const providerCode =
+    options?.providerCode?.toLowerCase() ??
+    (error instanceof GatewayError && typeof error.details.providerCode === "string"
+      ? error.details.providerCode.toLowerCase()
+      : "");
+
+  const getHeader = (name: string): string | null => {
+    const headers = options?.headers;
+    if (!headers) return null;
+    if ("get" in headers && typeof headers.get === "function") return headers.get(name);
+    const wanted = name.toLowerCase();
+    const entry = Object.entries(headers).find(([key]) => key.toLowerCase() === wanted);
+    return entry?.[1] ?? null;
+  };
+
+  const headerCooldown =
+    options?.retryAfterMs ??
+    parseUpstreamBackoff({ get: getHeader });
+  const messageCooldown = parseProviderResetDuration(message);
+  const rawUpstreamResponse =
+    origin === "upstream" &&
+    error instanceof GatewayError &&
+    typeof error.details.raw === "string"
+      ? error.details.raw
+      : undefined;
+  // The body's own fields, when they can be reached. Checked alongside the
+  // header and the prose rather than instead of them: a provider may state the
+  // window in any of the three, and the longest honest statement wins.
+  //
+  // `details.raw` is tried even when no caller passed a parsed body, because
+  // that is where the upstream's JSON actually reaches this function — the
+  // dispatch path stores the response text there. A structured window read from
+  // it is the difference between a 15-minute fallback and the 23 days the
+  // provider stated.
+  const bodyCooldown =
+    parseUpstreamBodyReset(options?.upstreamBody) ??
+    (rawUpstreamResponse === undefined ? null : parseUpstreamBodyReset(tryParseUpstreamBody(rawUpstreamResponse)));
+  // The body the ban is named in. The caller's parsed body when there is one,
+  // and the raw response text otherwise — the dispatch path stores the
+  // upstream's JSON there, and that is where `displayMsg` lives.
+  const banBody =
+    options?.upstreamBody ??
+    (rawUpstreamResponse === undefined ? undefined : tryParseUpstreamBody(rawUpstreamResponse));
+  // Whether the provider itself named a window. Decided once, from the
+  // evidence, so every branch of this classification agrees about it.
+  const providerStated =
+    headerCooldown !== null || messageCooldown !== null || bodyCooldown !== null;
+  const statedCooldownMs =
+    [headerCooldown, messageCooldown, bodyCooldown].reduce<number | null>(
+      (best, value) => (value === null ? best : best === null ? value : Math.max(best, value)),
+      null,
+    );
+  const reason = (prefix: string): string => `${prefix}: ${message.slice(0, 160)}`;
+  const result = (
+    category: AccountErrorCategory,
+    status: AccountErrorClassification["status"],
+    cooldownMs: number,
+    retryAt: Date | null,
+    explanation: string,
+    mutatesAccount = canMutate,
+    modelUnsupported = false,
+  ): AccountErrorClassification => ({
+    category,
+    status,
+    cooldownMs,
+    reason: origin === "upstream" ? rawUpstreamResponse ?? message.slice(0, 160) : explanation,
+    retryAt,
+    mutatesAccount,
+    // Set below by the caller that knows which columns it wrote, not here:
+    // the same classification feeds both the account-wide path (status +
+    // cooldownUntil — routing-visible) and the model-scoped path (neither —
+    // invisible). Defaulting true keeps existing callers conservative.
+    routesVisible: true,
+    providerStated,
+    modelUnsupported,
+  });
+
+  return {
+    message,
+    lower,
+    folded,
+    statusCode,
+    origin,
+    scope,
+    revocationNamed,
+    accountEvidence,
+    canMutate,
+    providerCode,
+    providerId: options?.providerId,
+    statedCooldownMs,
+    rawUpstreamResponse,
+    buddyBanned: isBuddyAccountBanned(lower, providerCode, banBody),
+    reason,
+    result,
+  };
+}
+
+export function classifyAccountError(
+  error: unknown,
+  options?: AccountFailureEvidence,
+): AccountErrorClassification {
+  const {
+    message,
+    lower,
+    folded,
+    statusCode,
+    origin,
+    scope,
+    revocationNamed,
+    accountEvidence,
+    canMutate,
+    providerCode,
+    rawUpstreamResponse,
+    statedCooldownMs,
+    buddyBanned,
+    reason,
+    result,
+  } = accountErrorContext(error, options);
+  const modelId = options?.modelId;
+  const modelBlockHits = Math.max(1, Math.floor(options?.modelBlockHits ?? 1));
+  const staticToken = options?.staticToken === true;
+  const credentialKind = options?.credentialKind;
+  const buddy = BUDDY_PROVIDER_IDS.has(options?.providerId?.toLowerCase() ?? "");
+
+  // A price refusal is a verdict on the *request*, not on the account. inferhub
+  // answers 402 with `no provider's ask matches your max-per-mtok bid`: the
+  // caller's own price ceiling was below every upstream ask, which says nothing
+  // about the credential or its balance. Classified as quota it cooled a
+  // fully-credited account down for an hour and the operator reported it as
+  // "blocked, unusable at all". Detected before the quota branch and recorded
+  // without mutating the account, so only that request fails.
+  const priceRefusal =
+    lower.includes("max-per-mtok") ||
+    lower.includes("no provider's ask") ||
+    (lower.includes("ask") && lower.includes("bid"));
+  // Deployment/proxy infrastructure errors (DEPLOYMENT_DISABLED, etc.) are
+  // transport-level proxy pool failures, not account quota exhaustion.
+  // Mutating the account parks it for an hour while the pool itself stays
+  // healthy — the next request picks the same dying pool and the same error
+  // repeats. These must not cooldown the account.
+  const deploymentInfraError =
+    lower.includes("deployment_disabled") ||
+    lower.includes("deployment disabled") ||
+    (lower.includes("sin1::") && lower.includes("deployment"));
+  if (deploymentInfraError) {
+    return result("server_error", "cooldown", 60_000, null, `Proxy deployment error: ${message.slice(0, 160)}`, false);
+  }
+  // A (CodeBuddy/WorkBuddy) *frequency* window is a verdict on one
+  // (account, model) pair, not on the account: `{"code":"6004","msg":"usage
+  // exceeds frequency limit ... your usage will reset at <stamp> UTC+8,
+  // alternatively, you can switch to the other models to continue using it."}`.
+  // The provider names the remedy itself — use a different model — which is
+  // only a remedy if the account still serves every other model. Taken as
+  // account-wide `quota_exhausted` it parked the whole account until the reset,
+  // so the switch the upstream offered was refused by our own gateway and every
+  // sibling model went dark with it; the account also read COOLDOWN /
+  // quota_exhausted while only that pair was throttled.
+  //
+  // Classified `rate_limit_transient` so the writer scopes it to the model:
+  // `recordAccountFailure` writes `modelCooldowns[modelId]` and leaves the
+  // account's own status alone. Kept ahead of `quotaSignal`, which matches a
+  // *broader* slice of the same wording (`usage exceeds` + `frequency limit`)
+  // and would otherwise claim this message as an account-wide quota window.
+  // Narrow on purpose — the extra phrase is what says the other models still
+  // work; without it the failure stays account-wide.
+  const modelFrequencyWindow =
+    lower.includes("frequency limit") && lower.includes("switch to the other models");
+  if (modelFrequencyWindow) {
+    const cooldownMs = statedCooldownMs ?? DEFAULT_QUOTA_COOLDOWN_MS();
+    return result(
+      "rate_limit_transient",
+      "cooldown",
+      cooldownMs,
+      new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
+      reason("Provider frequency limit for this model"),
+      // Provider-scoped evidence still has to reach the writer: a stream frame
+      // carries no credential detail, so `canMutate` is false and without this
+      // the pair would be retried for the whole window it was closed for.
+      origin === "upstream" && scope === "provider",
+    );
+  }
+
+  // Quota-shaped provider codes/messages (e.g. xAI's
+  const quotaSignal =
+    !priceRefusal &&
+    !deploymentInfraError &&
+    (statusCode === 402 ||
+      // Qoder answers an exhausted credit balance with
+      // `{"code":"112","message":"{\"pricingUrl\":...}"}` — the body points at
+      // the pricing page, i.e. "buy more", which is a balance verdict, not an
+      // auth one. It fell through to `auth_invalidated` and the console showed
+      // "Re-login required" on an account whose credential was fine, sending
+      // operators to re-authenticate instead of topping up.
+      // Recognising it here keeps it out of `auth_invalidated`; the branch
+      // below scopes the resulting cooldown to the model, because the account
+      // keeps serving its other models.
+      providerCode === "112" ||
+      providerCode === "110" ||
+      providerCode === "insufficient_quota" ||
+      providerCode === "quota_exceeded" ||
+      providerCode === "subscription:free-usage-exhausted" ||
+      providerCode === "14018" ||
+      // CodeBuddy/WorkBuddy rate limit: `{"code":"6004","msg":"usage exceeds
+      // frequency limit ... your usage will reset at <stamp> UTC+8"}`. The
+      // message names a reset, so this is a parked window, not a transient
+      // 429 — without it the account fell through to `unknown` with
+      // `mutates=false`, stayed in rotation, and was re-picked for every
+      // request inside the window the provider had actually named.
+      //
+      // Matched on the message's own wording, not on the `6004` code: that code
+      // is not unique to this surface (the artifact-release API reuses it), so a
+      // code match would sweep an unrelated failure into a quota cooldown. The
+      // phrase is the reliable key, and `usage exceeds` + `frequency limit` is
+      // the pair this family actually prints.
+      (lower.includes("usage exceeds") && lower.includes("frequency limit")) ||
+      lower.includes("insufficient_quota") ||
+      lower.includes("quota_exceeded") ||
+      lower.includes("usage_limit_reached") ||
+      lower.includes("usage-exhausted") ||
+      lower.includes("usage_exhausted") ||
+      lower.includes("usage exhausted") ||
+      lower.includes("usage exceeds") ||
+      lower.includes("frequency limit") ||
+      lower.includes("free-usage") ||
+      lower.includes("free usage") ||
+      lower.includes("exceeded your current quota") ||
+      // Trae answers an exhausted quota with **HTTP 502** and the body `Your
+      // requests have exceeded the quota.` The status is what misled the
+      // classifier: 502 read as a gateway failure, so this fell through to
+      // `server_error` — a 30s cooldown that does not mutate the account, so
+      // the account stayed in rotation and every other model on it kept being
+      // invoked inside a window the provider had already closed. The body is
+      // the verdict; the 502 is incidental. Matched on the phrase, not on the
+      // status, which is why this sits in `quotaSignal` ahead of the 5xx arm.
+      lower.includes("have exceeded the quota") ||
+      lower.includes("balance exhausted") ||
+      lower.includes("insufficient balance") ||
+      lower.includes("out of credits") ||
+      lower.includes("credits exhausted") ||
+      lower.includes("spending limit") ||
+      lower.includes("billing daily count exceeded") ||
+      // Same Qoder family reached by body text when the code is not parsed out.
+      (lower.includes("pricingurl") && lower.includes("qoder.com/pricing")));
+  // A deterministic content-policy rejection is NOT credential invalidation.
+  // CodeBuddy returns HTTP 403 with provider code 11140 ("request illegal",
+  // "did not pass the safety review") — refreshing the token cannot change
+  // that outcome and the account itself is healthy, so it must never flip the
+  // account to auth_invalidated/disabled. Only real auth signals do.
+  const policyRejection =
+    providerCode === "11140" ||
+    lower.includes("safety review") ||
+    lower.includes("content did not pass") ||
+    lower.includes("request illegal") ||
+    lower.includes("content blocked") ||
+    lower.includes("account suspended");
+  // A ban is a verdict on the credential, and cooldown cannot answer it: the
+  // account is refused, not throttled. Disabling is the fix, and disabling
+  // *immediately* is a feature — a client's retry budget is spent in seconds,
+  // so a banned account that merely cooled stayed in the plan and burned
+  // sibling accounts that were still healthy before the window expired.
+  //
+  // The two shapes are told apart by the body, not the code alone: `11140`
+  // names a restriction on the account, `11-128` refuses the request.
+  const policyBlock =
+    policyRejection &&
+    options?.providerId !== undefined &&
+    BUDDY_PROVIDER_IDS.has(options.providerId.toLowerCase());
+  if (policyBlock) {
+    if (buddyBanned) {
+      return result(
+        "policy_blocked_banned",
+        "disabled",
+        0,
+        null,
+        reason("Account banned by upstream"),
+        // A ban is evidence about the credential even at provider scope, for
+        // the same reason a named revocation is: the message is the evidence.
+        // Without this a stream frame's missing credential detail would leave a
+        // banned account serving.
+        true,
+      );
+    }
+    // Not a ban: the upstream refused this request. The account is fine, so the
+    // only correct move is to stop retrying it verbatim. Cooling the account
+    // here was the bug that made one malformed request look like a dead
+    // credential.
+    return result(
+      "policy_blocked_invalid_request",
+      "cooldown",
+      0,
+      null,
+      reason("Upstream refused this request"),
+      // Never mutates: a malformed body fails identically on every account, so
+      // cooling would burn a healthy credential on the gateway's own fault.
+      false,
+    );
+  }
+  // These codes are a verdict on the request, not the account. Cooling the
+  // account for them burns a healthy credential on a body that will fail the
+  // same way on every other account:
+  //
+  // - `11148` tool-call/result mismatch — the transcript is broken; the
+  //   pre-payload repair is supposed to prevent it, and a slip is still the
+  //   body's fault.
+  // - `11135` the image cannot be processed, `11133` the model rejected a
+  //   parameter, `11101` the body failed to parse — deterministic for that
+  //   payload.
+  // - `12153` the session is dead — a refresh problem, not a reason to park
+  //   the account on the first observation.
+  // - `14017` trial not activated — the account may recover once registration
+  //   finishes, so a hard cooldown would keep it out after it becomes usable.
+  //
+  // Recognised before the auth and quota branches: several of these arrive as
+  // 401/403/429, which those branches would otherwise treat as account evidence.
+  const requestScoped =
+    providerCode === "11148" ||
+    providerCode === "11135" ||
+    providerCode === "11133" ||
+    providerCode === "11101" ||
+    providerCode === "12153" ||
+    providerCode === "14017" ||
+    lower.includes("tool_call_sequence_broken") ||
+    lower.includes("unmarshal chat params failed") ||
+    lower.includes("invalid image_url content") ||
+    lower.includes("offline user session not found") ||
+    lower.includes("trial not activated") ||
+    lower.includes("trial version is not yet activated");
+  if (requestScoped && BUDDY_PROVIDER_IDS.has(options?.providerId?.toLowerCase() ?? "")) {
+    return result(
+      "unknown",
+      "cooldown",
+      0,
+      null,
+      reason("Request-scoped upstream rejection"),
+      false,
+    );
+  }
+  // A channel rejection (`11128`) is the same shape: the upstream is refusing
+  // the caller for this account, not this particular prompt, and it keeps
+  // refusing on every invocation. Classifying it as `unknown` with
+  // `mutates=false` would leave the account in rotation failing every request —
+  // and since every account fails the same way, the whole pool looks dead with
+  // nothing ever parked.
+  const channelRejection =
+    providerCode === "11128" || lower.includes("unapproved channel");
+  const channelBlock =
+    channelRejection &&
+    options?.providerId !== undefined &&
+    BUDDY_PROVIDER_IDS.has(options.providerId.toLowerCase());
+  if (channelBlock) {
+    // Same split as the policy arm above: a ban disables, a channel refusal
+    // only stops this request. `11-128` is the request shape, so this branch
+    // nearly always takes the refusal path — but it shares the ban test so a
+    // `11140`-shaped body arriving as a channel rejection still disables.
+    if (buddyBanned) {
+      return result(
+        "policy_blocked_banned",
+        "disabled",
+        0,
+        null,
+        reason("Account banned by upstream"),
+        true,
+      );
+    }
+    return result(
+      "policy_blocked_invalid_request",
+      "cooldown",
+      0,
+      null,
+      reason("Provider channel rejection"),
+      // The credential is valid; the upstream refuses this calling channel.
+      // Cooling was the bug: it kept a refused account in the plan, where a
+      // client's retry budget burned healthy siblings for the whole window.
+      false,
+    );
+  }
+  // server-side tool (web search, x search, web fetch), not evidence about the
+  // credential or the account's quota. Some providers surface it as 403, which
+  // would otherwise look like an auth signal — refreshing the token cannot fix
+  // a search backend, so it must never disable the account.
+  const hostedToolFailure =
+    lower.includes("web_search") ||
+    lower.includes("web search") ||
+    lower.includes("web_search_preview") ||
+    lower.includes("x_search") ||
+    lower.includes("web_fetch") ||
+    lower.includes("tool invocation") ||
+    lower.includes("tool call failed") ||
+    lower.includes("search backend");
+  // A model-scoped license or entitlement rejection is NOT credential invalidation.
+  // Google Cloud Code / Antigravity answers HTTP 403 with "You do not have a valid
+  // license of this product" when an account lacks entitlement for one specific model
+  // (e.g. claude-opus-4-6), while the account itself and its tokens remain fully valid
+  // for all other models. Disabling the whole account breaks healthy models.
+  const modelEntitlementFailure =
+    statusCode === 403 &&
+    (lower.includes("not have a valid license") ||
+      lower.includes("valid license of this product") ||
+      lower.includes("model not supported") ||
+      lower.includes("not entitled to") ||
+      lower.includes("no access to model") ||
+      lower.includes("model_not_supported") ||
+      lower.includes("not available in your region"));
+  /**
+   * Google Cloud Code / Antigravity account verification: the upstream answers
+   * an unverified account with HTTP 403 `PERMISSION_DENIED` and a
+   * `VALIDATION_REQUIRED` reason plus a `validation_url`. The operator must
+   * complete verification before the credential can ever serve again, so the
+   * account must be parked (`disabled`) — not left `active`, and not a
+   * cooldown (no amount of waiting clears it). The validation URL is carried
+   * in the recorded reason so the dashboard can surface it as an actionable
+   * pill link.
+   */
+  const validationRequired =
+    (statusCode === 403 || lower.includes("permission_denied")) &&
+    (lower.includes("validation_required") ||
+      lower.includes("verify your account") ||
+      lower.includes("validation_url"));
+  const validationUrl = validationRequired ? extractValidationUrl(message, rawUpstreamResponse) : undefined;
+  /**
+   * The upstream accepted the request and put it in a queue behind other
+   * callers — it is busy, not rejecting the caller's credential.
+   *
+   * Qoder answers `403 {"code":"10605","message":"{\"isQueued\":true,
+   * \"modelKey\":\"dfmodel\",\"queueCount\":1395,...}"}`. The 403 is what made
+   * this misclassify: the generic `(401 || 403) && accountEvidence` arm claimed
+   * it as `auth_invalidated`, so a healthy account was parked as "Re-login
+   * required" purely because the provider was busy, and an operator was sent
+   * to re-authenticate a credential that was never rejected.
+   *
+   * Matched on the queue evidence rather than on the bare `10605`, so an
+   * unrelated 403 that happens to share the code is not swept in. The bodies
+   * are nested JSON, so the tell is the key, not a parse of the envelope.
+   */
+  const queuedUpstream =
+    providerCode === "10605" ||
+    lower.includes("isqueued") ||
+    lower.includes("queuecount") ||
+    lower.includes("queuetype") ||
+    (lower.includes("queue") && lower.includes("modelkey"));
+
+  const signals: AccountErrorSignals = {
+    message,
+    lower,
+    folded,
+    statusCode,
+    origin,
+    scope,
+    providerCode,
+    statedCooldownMs,
+    reason,
+    result,
+    canMutate,
+    accountEvidence,
+    revocationNamed,
+    providerId: options?.providerId,
+    modelId,
+    modelBlockHits,
+    staticToken,
+    credentialKind,
+    buddy,
+    buddyBanned,
+    priceRefusal,
+    deploymentInfraError,
+    quotaSignal,
+    policyRejection,
+    requestScoped,
+    channelRejection,
+    hostedToolFailure,
+    modelEntitlementFailure,
+    queuedUpstream,
+    validationRequired,
+    validationUrl,
+  };
+
+  for (const rule of ACCOUNT_ERROR_RULES) {
+    if (rule.match(signals)) return rule.decide(signals);
+  }
+
+  // Same reasoning as above, with the shortest backoff: an unmapped failure
+  // must still be retried automatically rather than parked forever.
+  const unclassifiedMs = UNCLASSIFIED_COOLDOWN_MS();
+  return result(
+    "unknown",
+    "cooldown",
+    unclassifiedMs,
+    new Date(Date.now() + unclassifiedMs),
+    reason("Unclassified provider failure"),
+    false,
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * The ordered arms of {@link classifyAccountError}, tried top to bottom; the
+ * first match decides. Order is behavior, not presentation — see
+ * {@link AccountErrorRule}.
+ */
+const ACCOUNT_ERROR_RULES: readonly AccountErrorRule[] = [
+  {
+    // Must precede "rate-limit": this rejection is a 429 whose own text says
+    // "rate limit", so the broader arm claimed it and cooled the account for
+    // the full 15-minute rate-limit window.
+    //
+    // A full max-inflight is a statement about the gateway's own routing, not
+    // about the credential: every account serving the model is busy right now.
+    // Cooling them marks healthy accounts as `cooldown` for a limit their
+    // provider never applied, which is what made every account read busy while
+    // incoming requests piled up — the accounts were never the problem, the
+    // ceiling was.
+    name: "gateway-capacity-exhausted",
+    match: (s) =>
+      s.lower.includes("at its concurrency limit") ||
+      s.lower.includes("every proxy pool for this provider is at its concurrency limit") ||
+      s.lower.includes("the gateway is at its concurrency limit"),
+    decide: (s) =>
+      s.result(
+        "model_capacity",
+        // `status` is the status the account would move to; it is never
+        // applied because `mutatesAccount` is false below, so this names the
+        // shape rather than a transition. Zero cooldown is the point: no wait
+        // is attached to the account, so the next request may use it at once.
+        "cooldown",
+        0,
+        null,
+        s.reason("Gateway concurrency ceiling reached; no account was at fault"),
+        // Never mutates: there is nothing wrong with the account to record.
+        false,
+      ),
+  },
+  {
+    // Must precede the unclassified fallback: the fallback is account-blind and
+    // would stamp this as a provider-wide failure, which is how one proxy
+    // refusing CONNECT put every account of every provider behind that pool
+    // into cooldown — opencode's dead front door taking codebuddy down with it.
+    //
+    // A CONNECT refusal is a statement about the proxy pool, not about a
+    // credential: the tunnel was never established, so no upstream ever saw the
+    // request and no account can be at fault. Scoped to the pool so the
+    // provider's own accounts stay in rotation.
+    name: "proxy-connect-refusal",
+    match: (s) =>
+      s.lower.includes("proxy connect failed") ||
+      (s.lower.includes("connect") && s.lower.includes("tunnel") && s.lower.includes("refus")),
+    decide: (s) =>
+      s.result(
+        "model_unreachable",
+        "cooldown",
+        0,
+        null,
+        s.reason("Proxy pool refused the CONNECT tunnel"),
+        // Never mutates: the pool owns this failure, not the account.
+        false,
+      ),
+  },
+  {
+    name: "deployment-infrastructure",
+    match: (s) => s.deploymentInfraError,
+    decide: (s) =>
+      s.result(
+        "server_error",
+        "cooldown",
+        60_000,
+        null,
+        `Proxy deployment error: ${s.message.slice(0, 160)}`,
+        false,
+      ),
+  },
+  {
+    name: "model-frequency-window",
+    match: (s) => s.lower.includes("frequency limit") && s.lower.includes("switch to the other models"),
+    decide: (s) => {
+      const cooldownMs = s.statedCooldownMs ?? DEFAULT_QUOTA_COOLDOWN_MS();
+      return s.result(
+        "rate_limit_transient",
+        "cooldown",
+        cooldownMs,
+        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
+        s.reason("Provider frequency limit for this model"),
+        // Provider-scoped evidence still has to reach the writer: a stream frame
+        // carries no credential detail, so `canMutate` is false and without this
+        // the pair would be retried for the whole window it was closed for.
+        s.origin === "upstream" && s.scope === "provider",
+      );
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "content-policy-block",
+    match: (s) => s.policyRejection && s.buddy,
+    decide: (s) => {
+      // A ban is a verdict on the credential, and cooldown cannot answer it:
+      // the account is refused, not throttled. Disabling is the fix, and
+      // disabling *immediately* is a feature — a client's retry budget is spent
+      // in seconds, so a banned account that merely cooled stayed in the plan
+      // and burned sibling accounts that were still healthy before the window
+      // expired.
+      //
+      // The two shapes are told apart by the body, not the code alone: `11140`
+      // names a restriction on the account, `11-128` refuses the request.
+      if (s.buddyBanned) {
+        return s.result(
+          "policy_blocked_banned",
+          "disabled",
+          0,
+          null,
+          s.reason("Account banned by upstream"),
+          // A ban is evidence about the credential even at provider scope, for
+          // the same reason a named revocation is: the message is the evidence.
+          // Without this a stream frame's missing credential detail would leave
+          // a banned account serving.
+          true,
+        );
+      }
+      // Not a ban: the upstream refused this request. The account is fine, so
+      // the only correct move is to stop retrying it verbatim. Cooling the
+      // account here was the bug that made one malformed request look like a
+      // dead credential.
+      return s.result(
+        "policy_blocked_invalid_request",
+        "cooldown",
+        0,
+        null,
+        s.reason("Upstream refused this request"),
+        // Never mutates: a malformed body fails identically on every account,
+        // so cooling would burn a healthy credential on the gateway's own fault.
+        false,
+      );
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "request-scoped-rejection",
+    match: (s) => s.requestScoped && s.buddy,
+    decide: (s) =>
+      s.result("unknown", "cooldown", 0, null, s.reason("Request-scoped upstream rejection"), false),
+  },
+  {
+    name: "channel-rejection",
+    match: (s) => s.channelRejection && s.buddy,
+    decide: (s) => {
+      const channelBlockMs = resolveAccountPolicyBlockCooldownMs();
+      return s.result(
+        "policy_blocked",
+        "cooldown",
+        channelBlockMs,
+        new Date(Date.now() + channelBlockMs),
+        s.reason("Provider channel rejection"),
+        s.origin === "upstream",
+      );
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "validation-required",
+    match: (s) => s.validationRequired,
+    decide: (s) =>
+      s.result(
+        "validation_required",
+        "disabled",
+        0,
+        null,
+        s.validationUrl !== undefined
+          ? `${s.reason("Google account verification required")} — ${s.validationUrl}`
+          : s.reason("Google account verification required"),
+        // The upstream named the verdict; the account cannot serve until the
+        // operator completes verification.
+        true,
+      ),
+  },
+  {
+    name: "credential-rejected",
+    match: (s) =>
+      !s.quotaSignal &&
+      !s.policyRejection &&
+      !s.hostedToolFailure &&
+      !s.modelEntitlementFailure &&
+      !s.queuedUpstream &&
+      (s.providerCode === "authentication_failed" ||
+        s.folded.includes("invalid api key") ||
+        s.folded.includes("incorrect api key") ||
+        s.folded.includes("invalid token") ||
+        s.folded.includes("token revoked") ||
+        s.folded.includes("invalidated oauth token") ||
+        s.folded.includes("reauthorization required") ||
+        s.folded.includes("account deactivated") ||
+        // Trae answers `1001 "we are not able to authenticate you"` when the
+        // credential is dead or invalidated — it is the provider's own auth
+        // verdict, but the code is numeric, so it is excluded from the bare
+        // 401/403 arm below. Recognising it here keeps the account out of the
+        // `unknown` fallback (which never mutates and leaves the account in
+        // rotation to be re-dialled on every request).
+        ((s.providerId === "trae" || s.providerId === "traecn") &&
+          s.providerCode === "1001") ||
+        // A bare 401/403 only proves the credential when the body actually
+        // says so. A purely numeric provider code carries no auth vocabulary —
+        // providers encode limit/entitlement verdicts as numbers too (Qoder's
+        // `110`, buddy's `6004`) — and treating an unknown one as credential
+        // evidence parked healthy accounts as "Re-login required". Unmapped
+        // numeric codes fall through to the unclassified cooldown instead of
+        // ever invalidating.
+        ((s.statusCode === 401 || s.statusCode === 403) &&
+          s.accountEvidence &&
+          !NUMERIC_PROVIDER_CODE.test(s.providerCode))),
+    decide: (s) => {
+      // A static token has no refresh to run, so an auth rejection must not park
+      // the account: disabling it throws away a token that may still work (a
+      // single upstream 401 can be transient). A cooldown lets the next attempt
+      // retry the same token without losing the account.
+      const oauthRecovery =
+        !s.staticToken &&
+        s.credentialKind === "oauth" &&
+        (s.lower.includes("expired") || s.lower.includes("refresh"));
+      // A *named* revocation is the one auth outcome that still parks the account.
+      // The upstream said the credential itself is dead — not that it expired, not
+      // that this request was refused — so there is no window to wait out and no
+      // refresh to run, and a cooldown would only return it to rotation to fail
+      // again. Every other auth rejection is weak evidence (clock skew, a key
+      // rotated a moment ago, an edge answering before the credential loads) and
+      // cools down instead.
+      //
+      // This distinction is the whole fix. Reaching `disabled` from the generic
+      // `401`/`403` branch would be unrecoverable by any sweep, so one transient
+      // rejection would remove the account from rotation until an operator
+      // noticed — the exact outcome the comment above says a static token must
+      // not suffer.
+      const revoked = s.revocationNamed;
+      const recoverable = s.staticToken || oauthRecovery || !revoked;
+      // An automatic disable is **not** terminal any more, but the deadline is what
+      // makes that safe: `sweepExpiredCooldowns` recovers a disabled row only when
+      // its `cooldownUntil` has elapsed, and an operator-disabled row keeps that
+      // column null. So the machine can undo its own verdict while an operator's
+      // decision still outranks it — see `resolveAccountDisabledRecoveryMs`.
+      const disabledRecoveryMs = resolveAccountDisabledRecoveryMs();
+      const disabledRetryAt =
+        disabledRecoveryMs > 0 ? new Date(Date.now() + disabledRecoveryMs) : null;
+      const cooldownMs = recoverable ? resolveAccountAuthRejectedCooldownMs() : disabledRecoveryMs;
+      return s.result(
+        "auth_invalidated",
+        recoverable ? "cooldown" : "disabled",
+        cooldownMs,
+        recoverable ? new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs) : disabledRetryAt,
+        s.reason(
+          !revoked
+            ? "Provider credential rejected; retrying after a backoff"
+            : s.staticToken
+              ? "Static token rejected; retrying without a refresh"
+              : oauthRecovery
+                ? "OAuth credential requires refresh"
+                : "Provider credential revoked",
+        ),
+        s.canMutate,
+      );
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "price-refusal",
+    match: (s) => s.priceRefusal,
+    decide: (s) =>
+      s.result("quota_exhausted", "cooldown", 0, null, s.reason("Request price refused by the provider"), false),
+  },
+  {
+    // Qoder's code-112 pricing refusal (`{"code":"112","message":"{\"pricingUrl\":...}"}`)
+    // is a "this model is not included in this account's plan, buy more" verdict
+    // for one pair — the account keeps serving its other models. The probe path
+    // does not always carry the code in its evidence (only the message does), so
+    // the match keys on the provider id plus the pricing-page wording as well.
+    // It must run before `quota-exhausted`, which would park the whole account.
+    name: "qoder-plan-gated",
+    match: (s) =>
+      (s.providerId === "qoder" || s.providerId === "qodercn") &&
+      (s.providerCode === "112" || s.lower.includes("pricingurl")),
+    decide: (s) => {
+      const cooldownMs = unsupportedModelCooldownMs(s.modelBlockHits);
+      return s.result(
+        "model_unreachable",
+        "cooldown",
+        cooldownMs,
+        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
+        s.reason("Model not included in this account's plan"),
+        s.origin === "upstream" && s.modelId !== undefined,
+        true,
+      );
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "model-plan-gated",
+    match: (s) => s.quotaSignal && s.providerCode === "112",
+    decide: (s) => {
+      const cooldownMs = unsupportedModelCooldownMs(s.modelBlockHits);
+      return s.result(
+        "model_unreachable",
+        "cooldown",
+        cooldownMs,
+        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
+        s.reason("Model not included in this account's plan"),
+        s.origin === "upstream" && s.modelId !== undefined,
+        true,
+      );
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "quota-exhausted",
+    match: (s) => s.quotaSignal,
+    decide: (s) => {
+      // xAI Grok Build's free tier resets on a rolling window. Use a duration
+      // stated by the provider when present; otherwise park for the conservative
+      // 24-hour fallback.
+      const grokFreeTier =
+        s.providerCode === "subscription:free-usage-exhausted" ||
+        s.providerCode.startsWith("subscription:") ||
+        s.lower.includes("free-usage") ||
+        s.lower.includes("free usage") ||
+        s.lower.includes("included free usage") ||
+        s.lower.includes("rolling 24-hour") ||
+        s.lower.includes("rolling 24 hour");
+      const buddyCreditsExhausted =
+        s.providerCode === "14018" || s.lower.includes("credits exhausted");
+      const cooldownMs = grokFreeTier
+        ? (s.statedCooldownMs ?? GROK_QUOTA_COOLDOWN_MS)
+        : buddyCreditsExhausted
+          ? (s.statedCooldownMs ?? 12 * 60 * 60 * 1000)
+          : (s.statedCooldownMs ?? DEFAULT_QUOTA_COOLDOWN_MS());
+      // The caller records against the concrete account that just failed
+      // upstream, so a provider-scoped quota error still cools THAT account
+      // down (enables fallback to the next account). Local-origin quota must
+      // never mutate an upstream account.
+      return s.result(
+        "quota_exhausted",
+        "cooldown",
+        cooldownMs,
+        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
+        s.reason("Provider quota exhausted"),
+        s.origin === "upstream",
+      );
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    // Inception's Free tier throttles per minute (1 000 requests / 1M input
+    // tokens / 100K output tokens) and the window resets every minute. A
+    // generic 429 would cool the account for the 15-minute default, leaving a
+    // healthy key parked long after the window refilled — the source of
+    // "limitasiya lumayan keras". This arm must run before `rate-limit`: it
+    // matches the same signals and shortens the window to 1 minute so routing
+    // moves to the next account and the flagged one returns almost at once.
+    name: "inception-per-minute-limit",
+    match: (s) =>
+      s.providerId === "inception" &&
+      (s.statusCode === 429 ||
+        s.providerCode === "rate_limit_reached" ||
+        s.providerCode === "rate_limit_exceeded" ||
+        s.lower.includes("rate_limit") ||
+        s.lower.includes("rate limit") ||
+        s.lower.includes("too many requests") ||
+        s.lower.includes("tokens per minute") ||
+        s.lower.includes("input token")),
+    decide: (s) => {
+      const cooldownMs = s.statedCooldownMs ?? INCEPTION_RATE_LIMIT_COOLDOWN_MS;
+      return s.result(
+        "rate_limit_transient",
+        "cooldown",
+        cooldownMs,
+        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
+        s.reason("Inception per-minute input-token limit"),
+        s.origin === "upstream",
+      );
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "rate-limit",
+    match: (s) =>
+      s.statusCode === 429 ||
+      s.providerCode === "rate_limit_exceeded" ||
+      s.lower.includes("rate_limit") ||
+      s.lower.includes("rate limit") ||
+      s.lower.includes("too many requests") ||
+      s.lower.includes("requests per minute") ||
+      s.lower.includes("tokens per minute") ||
+      s.lower.includes("tpm limit") ||
+      s.lower.includes("rpm limit"),
+    decide: (s) => {
+      const cooldownMs = s.statedCooldownMs ?? DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_COOLDOWN_MS();
+      // Same per-account reasoning as quota above: the failing account (or
+      // its model, when modelId is present) backs off so routing tries the
+      // next candidate instead of hammering the same key.
+      return s.result(
+        "rate_limit_transient",
+        "cooldown",
+        cooldownMs,
+        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
+        s.reason("Provider rate limit"),
+        s.origin === "upstream",
+      );
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "model-capacity",
+    match: (s) =>
+      s.statusCode === 503 ||
+      s.statusCode === 529 ||
+      s.providerCode === "model_capacity" ||
+      s.queuedUpstream ||
+      s.lower.includes("model overloaded") ||
+      s.lower.includes("capacity exceeded") ||
+      s.lower.includes("temporarily unavailable"),
+    decide: (s) => {
+      const cooldownMs = s.statedCooldownMs ?? MODEL_CAPACITY_COOLDOWN_MS();
+      const modelScopedMutation = s.origin === "upstream" && s.modelId !== undefined;
+      return s.result(
+        "model_capacity",
+        "cooldown",
+        cooldownMs,
+        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
+        s.reason("Provider model capacity"),
+        modelScopedMutation,
+      );
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "model-unsupported",
+    match: (s) => isUnsupportedModelEvidence(s.statusCode, s.providerCode, s.folded),
+    decide: (s) => {
+      const cooldownMs = unsupportedModelCooldownMs(s.modelBlockHits);
+      return s.result(
+        "model_unreachable",
+        "cooldown",
+        cooldownMs,
+        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
+        s.reason("Model not supported by this upstream"),
+        s.origin === "upstream" && s.modelId !== undefined,
+        true,
+      );
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "model-unreachable",
+    match: (s) => s.providerCode === "not_found" || s.modelEntitlementFailure,
+    decide: (s) => {
+      const cooldownMs = MODEL_UNREACHABLE_COOLDOWN_MS;
+      // Not credential evidence, so `classifyUpstreamFailure` scopes this to the
+      // provider and the `scope === "account"` gate the throttles use would
+      // forbid the mutation outright — leaving the probe reporting a failure that
+      // cooled nothing. The verdict is still about one (account, model) pair:
+      // `recordAccountFailure` writes `modelCooldowns[modelId]` and leaves the
+      // account's own status untouched, so all that is required is a model to
+      // write against.
+      const modelScopedMutation = s.origin === "upstream" && s.modelId !== undefined;
+      return s.result(
+        "model_unreachable",
+        "cooldown",
+        cooldownMs,
+        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
+        s.reason("Model unreachable for this account"),
+        modelScopedMutation,
+      );
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    // Qoder closes an exhausted-quota stream with upstream 499 (nginx
+    // client-close style). The gateway's own aborts are local `transport_closed`
+    // and never carry a qoder providerId, so a 499 scoped to qoder is a quota
+    // verdict, not a transport fault. It must run before `transport-fault`,
+    // which otherwise reads the status as a 5xx-class outage and cools the
+    // account for the shorter transient window — or leaves it unmutated.
+    name: "qoder-499-quota",
+    match: (s) =>
+      (s.providerId === "qoder" || s.providerId === "qodercn") &&
+      s.statusCode === 499 &&
+      s.origin === "upstream",
+    decide: (s) => {
+      const cooldownMs = s.statedCooldownMs ?? DEFAULT_QUOTA_COOLDOWN_MS();
+      return s.result(
+        "quota_exhausted",
+        "cooldown",
+        cooldownMs,
+        new Date(Date.now() + cooldownMs),
+        s.reason("Qoder quota exhausted (upstream 499)"),
+        s.origin === "upstream",
+      );
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    name: "transport-fault",
+    match: (s) =>
+      (s.statusCode !== null && s.statusCode >= 500 && s.statusCode <= 504) ||
+      s.lower.includes("timeout") ||
+      s.lower.includes("abort") ||
+      s.lower.includes("econnrefused") ||
+      s.lower.includes("fetch failed"),
+    decide: (s) => {
+      // A transport-shaped fault clears on its own, so it is a cooldown with a
+      // deadline rather than a state needing an operator. The deadline matters:
+      // `sweepExpiredCooldowns` selects on `cooldownUntil IS NOT NULL`, so a row
+      // parked without one is never recovered and stays out of rotation.
+      //
+      // `canMutate` rather than a flat `false`: a 5xx whose failure the caller
+      // scoped to the account (an edge/WAF challenge answered to one account's
+      // requests while its siblings on the same egress served fine) must cool
+      // that account down, or it stays `active` and is re-dialled for as long as
+      // the block lasts. Provider-scoped 5xx does not: the upstream is
+      // indiscriminately failing and no single account is at fault.
+      const transientMs = TRANSIENT_ERROR_COOLDOWN_MS();
+      return s.result(
+        s.lower.includes("timeout") ? "timeout" : "server_error",
+        "cooldown",
+        transientMs,
+        new Date(Date.now() + transientMs),
+        s.reason(`Provider ${s.statusCode ?? "network"} failure`),
+        s.canMutate,
+      );
+    },
+  },
+];