c64bridge 0.5.0

package/data/memory/memory-map.md

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+# C64 Memory Map (Quick Reference)
+
+All addresses are shown as `hex` / `dec`. Group related entries to minimise token usage while keeping lookup simple.
+
+## Zero Page ($0000-$00FF)
+
+| Label | Address | Purpose |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| D6510 | $0000 / 0 | 6510 data direction register. |
+| R6510 | $0001 / 1 | 6510 on-chip I/O bits (LORAM, HIRAM, CHAREN, cassette). |
+| TEMP | $0002 / 2 | Free. |
+| ADRAY1 | $0003-$0004 / 3-4 | FAC → integer jump vector ($B1AA). |
+| ADRAY2 | $0005-$0006 / 5-6 | Integer → FAC jump vector ($B391). |
+| CHARAC | $0007 / 7 | Search char / temp integer. |
+| ENDCHR | $0008 / 8 | Quote scan flag (string end). |
+| TRMPOS | $0009 / 9 | TAB column. |
+| VERCK | $000A / 10 | Load (0) / verify (1). |
+| COUNT | $000B / 11 | Input buffer pointer / subscript count. |
+| DIMFLG | $000C / 12 | Default array dimension flag. |
+| VALTYP | $000D / 13 | Data type: $00 numeric, $FF string. |
+| INTFLG | $000E / 14 | $00 float, $80 integer. |
+| GARBFL | $000F / 15 | DATA scan / list quote / GC flags. |
+| SUBFLG | $0010 / 16 | Subscript ref / user function call flag. |
+| INPFLG | $0011 / 17 | INPUT/GET/READ selector. |
+| TANSGN | $0012 / 18 | TAN sign / compare result. |
+| CHANNL | $0013 / 19 | Current input file number. |
+| LINNUM | $0014-$0015 / 20-21 | Temporary integer value. |
+| TEMPPT | $0016 / 22 | Temp string stack pointer. |
+| LASTPT | $0017-$0018 / 23-24 | Last temp string address. |
+| TEMPST | $0019-$0021 / 25-33 | Temp string stack. |
+| INDEX1/2 | $0022-$0025 / 34-37 | Utility pointers. |
+| RESHO | $0026-$002A / 38-42 | FP multiply/divide product. |
+| TXTTAB | $002B-$002C / 43-44 | BASIC text start ($0801). |
+| VARTAB | $002D-$002E / 45-46 | BASIC variables start. |
+| ARYTAB | $002F-$0030 / 47-48 | BASIC arrays start. |
+| STREND | $0031-$0032 / 49-50 | BASIC arrays end + 1. |
+| FRETOP | $0033-$0034 / 51-52 | String heap bottom. |
+| FRESPC | $0035-$0036 / 53-54 | Utility string pointer. |
+| MEMSIZ | $0037-$0038 / 55-56 | BASIC memory top ($A000). |
+| CURLIN | $0039-$003A / 57-58 | Current BASIC line. |
+| OLDLIN | $003B-$003C / 59-60 | Previous BASIC line. |
+| OLDTXT | $003D-$003E / 61-62 | CONT statement pointer. |
+| DATLIN | $003F-$0040 / 63-64 | Current DATA line. |
+| DATPTR | $0041-$0042 / 65-66 | Current DATA item address. |
+| INPPTR | $0043-$0044 / 67-68 | INPUT pointer temp. |
+| VARNAM | $0045-$0046 / 69-70 | Variable name lookup. |
+| VARPNT | $0047-$0048 / 71-72 | Pointer to variable value/descriptor. |
+| FORPNT | $0049-$004A / 73-74 | FOR/NEXT index pointer. |
+| VARTXT | $004B-$004C / 75-76 | TXTPTR temp for READ/INPUT/GET. |
+| OPMASK | $004D / 77 | FRMEVL mask. |
+| TEMPF1-3 | $004E-$0060 / 78-96 | FP temporaries. |
+| FAC / AFAC | $0061-$006E / 97-110 | FP accumulators, exponent, mantissa, sign. |
+| ARISGN | $006F / 111 | Arithmetic result sign. |
+| FACOV | $0070 / 112 | Rounding byte. |
+| FBUFPT | $0071-$0072 / 113-114 | CRUNCH/ASCII pointers. |
+| CHRGET | $0073-$008A / 115-138 | BASIC text fetch routine. |
+| CHRGOT | $0079 / 121 | Re-read current char entry. |
+| TXTPTR | $007A-$007B / 122-123 | BASIC text pointer. |
+| RNDX | $008B-$008F / 139-143 | RND seed. |
+| STATUS | $0090 / 144 | Kernal I/O status (ST). |
+| STKEY | $0091 / 145 | STOP key flag ($7F). |
+| SVXT | $0092 / 146 | Tape timing constant. |
+| VERCKK | $0093 / 147 | Load/verify flag. |
+| C3PO / BSOUR | $0094-$0095 / 148-149 | Serial bus buffers. |
+| SYNO | $0096 / 150 | Cassette sync number. |
+| TEMPX/Y | $0097 / 151 | X/Y register temp (CHRIN/RS232). |
+| LDTND | $0098 / 152 | Open files count / index. |
+| DFLTN/O | $0099-$009A / 153-154 | Default input/output devices. |
+| PRTY / DPSW | $009B-$009C / 155-156 | Tape parity & state. |
+| MSGFLG | $009D / 157 | Error message mode. |
+| FNMIDX / PTR1 / PTR2 | $009E-$009F / 158-159 | Tape filename/error log. |
+| TIME | $00A0-$00A2 / 160-162 | Jiffy clock (UDTIMK). |
+| TSFCNT / TBTCNT / CNTDN | $00A3-$00A5 / 163-165 | Tape counters. |
+| BUFPNT | $00A6 / 166 | Tape buffer pointer. |
+| INBIT-ROPRTY | $00A7-$00BD / 167-189 | RS232/tape temporaries. |
+| FSBLK | $00BE / 190 | Tape block count. |
+| MYCH | $00BF / 191 | Serial word buffer. |
+| CAS1 | $00C0 / 192 | Tape motor switch. |
+| STAL/EAL | $00C1-$00C2 / 193-194 | Load start/end. |
+| MEMUSS | $00C3-$00C4 / 195-196 | Tape type 3/general pointer. |
+| LSTX | $00C5 / 197 | Last key matrix value. |
+| Keyboard/editor | $00C6-$00F2 / 198-242 | Buffer, cursor, quote, insert, link table. |
+| USER | $00F3-$00F4 / 243-244 | Colour RAM pointer. |
+| KEYTAB | $00F5-$00F6 / 245-246 | Keyboard decode vector ($EB81). |
+| RIBUF / ROBUF | $00F7-$00FA / 247-250 | RS232 buffer pointers. |
+| FREKZP | $00FB-$00FE / 251-254 | Free ZP workspace. |
+| BASZPT | $00FF / 255 | BASIC temp / FP→ASCII area. |
+
+## Page $0100-$03FF Highlights
+
+- $0100-$01FF: CPU stack ($0100-$01FF), BASIC stack overlay.
+- $0200-$0258: Screen input buffer.
+- $0259-$0276: Kernal file tables (LAT/FAT/SAT).
+- $0277-$0280: Keyboard FIFO.
+- $0281-$0284: OS memory bounds.
+- $0285-$029E: Keyboard repeat, shift flags, RS232 state.
+- $029F-$02A6: IRQ/tape temporaries.
+- $02A7-$02FF: Unused block (sprite data when remapped).
+- $0300-$0333: BASIC + Kernal vectors (errors, LIST, LOAD/SAVE, IRQ/NMI, USR).
+- $0334-$033B: Unused.
+- $033C-$03FB: Tape buffer.
+- $0340-$03FE: Sprite data areas (#13-15).
+- $0400-$07E7: Screen RAM; $07F8-$07FF sprite pointers.
+
+## Main RAM / ROM Banks
+
+| Range | Decimal | Notes |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| $0800-$9FFF | 2048-40959 | BASIC program RAM. |
+| $8000-$9FFF | 32768-40959 | Cartridge ROM (optional). |
+| $A000-$BFFF | 40960-49151 | BASIC ROM or banked RAM. |
+| $C000-$CFFF | 49152-53247 | RAM. |
+| $D000-$DFFF | 53248-57343 | I/O, Colour RAM, or char ROM (banked). |
+| $E000-$FFFF | 57344-65535 | BASIC/Kernal ROM or RAM (banked). |
+
+## Control Bits
+
+- `$0000`: DDR (1 = output, 0 = input). Default `xx101111`.
+- `$0001`: `/LORAM`, `/HIRAM`, `/CHAREN`, cassette data, sense, motor.
+- `$DD00` bits 0-1: VIC bank select.
+
+## VIC-II ($D000-$D02E)
+
+| Address | Meaning |
+| --- | --- |
+| $D000-$D00F | Sprite 0-7 X/Y (with $D010 MSBs). |
+| $D011 | Control: 25-row, bitmap, Y scroll, raster bit 8. |
+| $D012 | Raster compare. |
+| $D013-$D014 | Light-pen latch X/Y. |
+| $D015 | Sprite enable bits. |
+| $D016 | Control: 40-column, X scroll, multicolour bit. |
+| $D017 | Sprite Y expand. |
+| $D018 | Matrix/charset base select. |
+| $D019 | IRQ flags (raster, s-sprite, s-bg, light pen). |
+| $D01A | IRQ mask. |
+| $D01B | Sprite/background priority. |
+| $D01C | Sprite multicolour enable. |
+| $D01D | Sprite X expand. |
+| $D01E-$D01F | Sprite collision flags. |
+| $D020-$D024 | Border + background colours 0-3. |
+| $D025-$D026 | Sprite shared multicolours. |
+| $D027-$D02E | Sprite colours 0-7. |
+
+## SID ($D400-$D41C)
+
+- Voices 1-3: freq ($D400/$01, $D407/$08, $D40E/$0F), pulse width ($D402-$D403 etc.), control ($D404,$D40B,$D412), ADSR ($D405-$D406 etc.).
+- Filter: cutoff ($D415-$D416), resonance/mix ($D417), mode+volume ($D418).
+- Extras: paddles ($D419-$D41A), noise/LFSR ($D41B), envelope 3 output ($D41C).
+- Mirrors: $D500-$D7FF (SID image), colour RAM $D800-$DBFF.
+
+## CIA #1 ($DC00-$DC0F)
+
+| Address | Role |
+| --- | --- |
+| $DC00 | Port A: keyboard columns, joystick A, paddles select. |
+| $DC01 | Port B: keyboard rows, joystick B, timer outputs. |
+| $DC02-$DC03 | DDR for ports. |
+| $DC04-$DC07 | Timers A/B low/high. |
+| $DC08-$DC0B | Time-of-day clock (tenths, sec, min, hour). |
+| $DC0C | Serial buffer. |
+| $DC0D | IRQ control (FLAG1, serial, TOD alarm, timers). |
+| $DC0E-$DC0F | Timer control (frequency, one-shot, toggle, start). |
+
+## CIA #2 ($DD00-$DD0F)
+
+| Address | Role |
+| --- | --- |
+| $DD00 | Port A: serial bus lines, VIC bank select, user port. |
+| $DD01 | Port B: user/RS-232 control lines. |
+| $DD02-$DD03 | DDR for ports. |
+| $DD04-$DD07 | Timers A/B. |
+| $DD08-$DD0B | Time-of-day clock. |
+| $DD0C | Serial buffer. |
+| $DD0D | NMI control (serial, timers). |
+| $DD0E-$DD0F | Timer control (same layout as CIA1). |
+
+## Miscellaneous
+
+- $DE00-$DFFF: Reserved expansion I/O.
+- Sprite pointers: `$07F8-$07FF`, value × 64 (+ bank) gives sprite data address.
+- To map sprite 0 to `$02C0`: `POKE 1024+1016,11` (pointer 11 ⇒ `$02C0`).
+- Colour RAM: `$D800-$DBFF`, lower nybble only.
+
+---
+
+This layout keeps the essential Commodore 64 addresses compact for LLM consumption while retaining full coverage of the supplied map.

package/data/printer/printer-commodore-bitmap.md

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+# Commodore MPS — Bitmap Images (Bit Image Mode)
+
+**Enter:** `CHR$(8)`  | **Exit:** `CHR$(15)` (or any printable char)  
+**Data model:** 1 byte per **column**, **7 active bits** (LSB=top). **Set bit7=1** (add 128) so data prints. Typical ~60 dpi H, 72 dpi V. Up to ~480 dots per line.
+
+## Commands
+
+| Action | Bytes to send | Notes |
+|:--|:--|:--|
+| Enter Bit Image | `CHR$(8)` | Subsequent bytes are columns |
+| Repeat next data byte | `CHR$(26);CHR$(n);CHR$(byte)` | Repeats `byte` **n** times |
+| Position by dots | `CHR$(27);CHR$(16);HP;LP` | Absolute dot column 0–479 |
+| Exit Bit Image | `CHR$(15)` | Or send a printable character |
+
+## Minimal pattern example
+
+```basic
+10 OPEN1,4
+20 A$="":FOR I=1 TO 16:READ B:A$=A$+CHR$(B):NEXT
+30 PRINT#1,CHR$(8);A$;A$;A$; : REM 16 columns × 3 rows
+40 PRINT#1,CHR$(15); : PRINT#1,CHR$(12):CLOSE1
+50 DATA 136,148,162,193,162,148,136,136,156,186,255,186,156,136,235,136
+```
+
+**Tips**
+
+- Pre-add **128** to each data byte (bit7=1) before sending.
+- For vertical tiling, reprint the same 16 columns with CR/LF between rows.
+- Keep within line buffer; printer auto-prints when ~480 dots are filled.
+
+**Cross‑ref:** Basic text controls in `printer-commodore.md`; overview in `printer-spec.md`.

package/data/printer/printer-commodore.md

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+# Commodore MPS Printing (Text) — PETSCII + MPS Protocol
+
+**Device:** `4`  | **Secondary address (sa):** `0`=upper/graphics (default), `7`=lower/upper.  
+**Open/Print/Close:** `OPEN ch,4[,sa]` → `PRINT#ch, ...` → `CLOSE ch` (or `CMD ch` to route `PRINT`/`LIST`).
+
+## Controls (concise)
+
+| Feature | Code (send via `PRINT#`) | Notes |
+|:--|:--|:--|
+| Standard width | `CHR$(15)` | Also exits Bit Image Mode |
+| Double width | `CHR$(14)` | Affects subsequent text |
+| Reverse video ON/OFF | `CHR$(18)` / `CHR$(146)` | Invert foreground/background |
+| Cursor mode local (graphic/business) | `CHR$(145)` / `CHR$(17)` | Temporary charset toggles until CR |
+| Carriage return / line feed / form feed | `CHR$(13)` / `CHR$(10)` / `CHR$(12)` | Use CR+LF if overprinting occurs |
+| Horizontal tab | `CHR$(9)` | Tab stops |
+| Position by columns | `CHR$(16);CHR$(n)` | `n` = column (0–79 standard) |
+| Position by dots | `CHR$(27);CHR$(16);HP;LP` | Dot address = `(HP<<8)|LP` (0–479) |
+| Bit Image Mode (enter/exit) | `CHR$(8)` / `CHR$(15)` | See bitmap doc for data rules |
+
+### Quick examples
+
+```basic
+10 OPEN1,4,7
+20 PRINT#1,CHR$(27);"-";CHR$(1);"UNDERLINED";CHR$(27);"-";CHR$(0)
+30 PRINT#1,CHR$(16);CHR$(20);"COL 20",CHR$(13);CHR$(10);CHR$(12):CLOSE1
+```
+
+**See also:** `printer-commodore-bitmap.md` for images and repetition (`CHR$(26)`), and `printer-spec.md` for routing & differences.

package/data/printer/printer-epson-bitmap.md

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+# Epson FX-80 (ESC/P) — Bitmap Graphics
+
+**Data model:** 1 byte per **column**, **8 dots** (MSB=top). Send graphics command + **byte count** `(n + 256*m)` then data. Set line spacing for 8‑dot rows, e.g., `ESC A 8`.
+
+## Graphics commands
+
+| Mode | Sequence | Density (H) |
+|:--|:--|:--|
+| Normal | `ESC K n m ...data...` | ~60 dpi |
+| Double | `ESC L n m ...` | ~120 dpi |
+| Double (hi‑speed)* | `ESC Y n m ...` | ~120 dpi (maps to L on some emus) |
+| Quadruple | `ESC Z n m ...` | ~240 dpi |
+| Explicit | `ESC * d n m ...` | `d`=0:60,1:120,2:120(hi),3:240,4:80,5:72,6:90 dpi |
+| 9‑pin strips | `ESC ^ d n m h1 l1 ...` | `d` in {0,1} |
+
+\* Ultimate‑II may treat `Y` as `L`. Always match `n,m` to **exact** data length.
+
+### Minimal example
+
+```basic
+10 OPEN1,4
+20 A$=CHR$(27)+"K"+CHR$(16)+CHR$(0)
+30 FOR I=1 TO 16:READ B:A$=A$+CHR$(B):NEXT
+40 PRINT#1,CHR$(27);"A";CHR$(8) : REM 8/72"
+50 PRINT#1,A$;A$;A$; : PRINT#1,CHR$(12):CLOSE1
+60 DATA 60,66,129,129,129,66,60,24,60,126,255,126,60,24,235,24
+```
+
+**Cross‑ref:** Text controls `printer-epson.md`; overview `printer-spec.md`.

package/data/printer/printer-epson.md

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+# Epson FX-80 (ESC/P) — Text Controls
+
+**Protocol:** ASCII with ESC sequences (`ESC` = `CHR$(27)`).
+
+## Controls (concise)
+
+| Feature | ESC/P sequence | Notes |
+|:--|:--|:--|
+| Reset | `ESC @` | Clear modes between jobs |
+| Pitch | `ESC M` (12 cpi), `ESC P` (10 cpi) | |
+| Width | `SO` (`CHR$(14)`) on / `DC4` (`CHR$(20)`) off, or `ESC W n` | `n=1` on, `0` off |
+| Condensed | `SI` (`CHR$(15)`) on / `DC2` (`CHR$(18)`) off | |
+| Bold | `ESC E` on / `ESC F` off | |
+| Italic | `ESC 4` on / `ESC 5` off | |
+| Underline | `ESC - n` | `n=1` on, `0` off |
+| Quality | `ESC x n` | `n=1` NLQ, `0` Draft |
+| Line spacing | `ESC 0/1/2`, `ESC 3 n`, `ESC A n` | `n` in 1/216" or 1/72" |
+| Tabs/margins | `ESC D` (HT), `ESC B` (VT), `ESC l` (left), `ESC Q` (right) | |
+| Paper | `LF=10`, `CR=13`, `FF=12`, `ESC J n` (fwd n/216"), `ESC j n` (rev n/216") | |
+
+### Example
+
+```basic
+10 OPEN1,4
+20 PRINT#1,CHR$(27);"@";CHR$(27);"x";CHR$(1);CHR$(27);"M"
+30 PRINT#1,CHR$(27);"-";CHR$(1);"UNDER";CHR$(27);"-";CHR$(0)
+40 PRINT#1,CHR$(12):CLOSE1
+```
+
+**Cross‑ref:** Bitmap (`printer-epson-bitmap.md`); overview & routing (`printer-spec.md`).

package/data/printer/printer-prompts.md

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+# Printing Prompts and Routing (for LLM prompt construction)
+
+## Routing
+
+- Unspecified or unknown printer → **Commodore MPS** (PETSCII).
+- Mentions “Commodore”, “MPS” → use Commodore docs.
+- Mentions “Epson”, “FX”, “ESC/P” → use Epson docs.
+
+## Prompt templates
+
+**Text (Commodore/Epson)**
+> Print the following text on my [Commodore|Epson] printer: <text>. Ensure CR/LF and page eject.
+
+**Bitmap (Commodore/Epson)**
+> Print this bitmap at [density]. Provide columns as bytes and desired repeats/line spacing.
+
+**Custom chars (Commodore only)**
+> Define downloadable chars (DLL) and print <text>.
+
+## Tooling guidance
+
+- Always `OPEN ch,4[,sa]` → `PRINT#` → `CLOSE ch`.
+- Add `FF` (`CHR$(12)`) at job end for eject.
+- Commodore bitmap: enter `CHR$(8)`, **repeat** with `CHR$(26)`, **exit** with `CHR$(15)`; **bit7 must be 1** in data.
+- Epson bitmap: choose `ESC K/L/Y/Z/*/^`; compute `(n,m)` length; set `ESC A 8` for 8‑dot rows.
+
+## Cross‑refs
+
+See `printer-spec.md` (overview), `printer-commodore*.md`, `printer-epson*.md` for details.

package/data/printer/printer-spec.md

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+# Printing with Commodore MPS and Epson FX
+
+**Scope:** C64 → Printer via serial device **4**. Two protocols:
+
+- **Commodore MPS** (PETSCII + MPS-801 protocol; all later MPS follow this)
+- **Epson FX (ESC/P)** (ASCII + ESC sequences; widely compatible)
+
+**Defaults & Routing:** If user/printer is unspecified → **Commodore MPS**.  
+See `printer-prompts.md` for routing logic and prompt templates.
+
+---
+
+## Quick Start — Text Output Examples
+
+### Commodore BASIC
+
+```basic
+10 OPEN1,4,0 : REM Commodore MPS, PETSCII upper/graphics (sa=0)
+20 PRINT#1,"HELLO"
+30 PRINT#1,CHR$(13);CHR$(10)
+40 PRINT#1,CHR$(12)
+50 CLOSE1
+```
+
+### Epson FX BASIC
+
+```basic
+10 OPEN1,4 : REM Epson FX (ESC/P), ASCII
+20 PRINT#1,CHR$(27);"E";"BOLD ON";CHR$(27);"F"
+30 PRINT#1,"HELLO"
+40 PRINT#1,CHR$(12)
+50 CLOSE1
+```
+
+---
+
+## ✳️ Writing Assembly Code to Talk to the Printer
+
+The C64 KERNAL provides complete device-independent I/O through standardized entry points.
+
+### (A) Commodore BASIC Equivalent in Assembly
+
+```asm
+; Print "HELLO" to printer device #4 via KERNAL
+
+    lda #4       ; Device number (printer)
+    ldx #0       ; Secondary address
+    ldy #1       ; Logical file number
+    jsr $ffba    ; SETLFS
+
+    lda #<msg
+    ldx #>msg
+    ldy #5       ; Length of message
+    jsr $ffbd    ; SETNAM
+
+    jsr $ffc0    ; OPEN
+    lda #1
+    jsr $ffc9    ; CHKOUT (select output channel)
+
+    ldx #0
+next:
+    lda msg,x
+    jsr $ffd2    ; CHROUT (send character)
+    inx
+    cpx #5
+    bne next
+
+    jsr $ffcc    ; CLRCHN (restore I/O)
+    lda #1
+    jsr $ffc3    ; CLOSE
+    rts
+
+msg: .text "HELLO"
+```
+
+### (B) Epson FX Version in Assembly
+
+Same code as above, but `msg` should contain **ASCII** (not PETSCII) characters.  
+For example, to print bold text before HELLO:
+
+```asm
+msg: .byte 27,"E",'H','E','L','L','O',27,"F"
+```
+
+### Relevant KERNAL API Calls
+
+| Routine | Addr | Purpose |
+|:--|:--|:--|
+| **SETLFS** | `$FFBA` | Define Logical File, Device, Secondary Address |
+| **SETNAM** | `$FFBD` | Define Filename/Command String |
+| **OPEN** | `$FFC0` | Open logical file on device |
+| **CHKOUT** | `$FFC9` | Select output channel |
+| **CHROUT** | `$FFD2` | Send single character to output |
+| **CLRCHN** | `$FFCC` | Restore default I/O devices |
+| **CLOSE** | `$FFC3` | Close logical file |
+| **READST** | `$FFB7` | Read status flags (I/O errors, device busy) |
+
+---
+
+## 🧩 Printer Command Cheat Sheet — Commodore & Epson (BASIC + Assembly)
+
+| Operation | Commodore BASIC | Commodore Assembly (hex) | Epson FX BASIC | Epson FX Assembly (hex) |
+|:--|:--|:--|:--|:--|
+| **Reset / Init** | — | — | `ESC @` | `1B 40` |
+| **Carriage Return** | `CHR$(13)` | `0D` | `CHR$(13)` | `0D` |
+| **Line Feed** | `CHR$(10)` | `0A` | `CHR$(10)` | `0A` |
+| **Form Feed / Page Eject** | `CHR$(12)` | `0C` | `CHR$(12)` | `0C` |
+| **Horizontal Tab** | `CHR$(9)` | `09` | `CHR$(9)` | `09` |
+| **Standard Width** | `CHR$(15)` | `0F` | `DC4` / `ESC W 0` | `14` / `1B 57 00` |
+| **Double Width** | `CHR$(14)` | `0E` | `SO` / `ESC W 1` | `0E` / `1B 57 01` |
+| **Condensed / Elite (12 cpi)** | — | — | `ESC M` | `1B 4D` |
+| **Pica (10 cpi)** | — | — | `ESC P` | `1B 50` |
+| **Bold ON / OFF** | — | — | `ESC E` / `ESC F` | `1B 45` / `1B 46` |
+| **Italic ON / OFF** | — | — | `ESC 4` / `ESC 5` | `1B 34` / `1B 35` |
+| **Underline ON / OFF** | — | — | `ESC - 1` / `ESC - 0` | `1B 2D 01` / `1B 2D 00` |
+| **Reverse Video ON / OFF** | `CHR$(18)` / `CHR$(146)` | `12` / `92` | — | — |
+| **Set Line Spacing (n×1/72")** | — | — | `ESC A n` | `1B 41 nn` |
+| **Set Left Margin** | — | — | `ESC l n` | `1B 6C nn` |
+| **Set Right Margin** | — | — | `ESC Q n` | `1B 51 nn` |
+| **Horizontal Position (col)** | `CHR$(16);CHR$(n)` | `10 nn` | `ESC $ nL nH` | `1B 24 nL nH` |
+| **Horizontal Position (dots)** | `ESC(27);CHR$(16);HP;LP` | `1B 10 HP LP` | `ESC $ nL nH` | `1B 24 nL nH` |
+| **Enter Bit Image Mode** | `CHR$(8)` | `08` | `ESC K/L/Y/Z/*/^ n m ...` | `1B 4B/4C/59/5A/2A/5E nn mm ...` |
+| **Repeat Next Data Byte (MPS only)** | `CHR$(26);CHR$(n);CHR$(byte)` | `1A nn dd` | — | — |
+| **Exit Bit Image Mode** | `CHR$(15)` | `0F` | Any printable char or `LF` | — |
+| **Graphics Data Format** | 7 bits/byte (**bit7=1**) | — | 8 bits/byte (MSB=top) | — |
+| **Vertical Line Spacing (8-dot rows)** | CR + LF | `0D 0A` | `ESC A 8` | `1B 41 08` |
+| **Switch Charset (upper/lower)** | `sa=0` or `7` | — | `ESC t n` | `1B 74 nn` |
+| **Reset / End Job** | `CLOSE ch` | — | `ESC @` + `FF` + `CLOSE ch` | `1B 40 0C` |
+
+---
+
+**Notes**
+
+- Always `OPEN ch,4[,sa]` → `PRINT#` → `CLOSE ch`.  
+- Add `CHR$(12)` (Form Feed) before closing to eject the page.  
+- For MPS bitmap output, add **128** to each data byte (bit7=1).  
+- For Epson, compute `(n + 256·m)` bytes per graphics line.  
+- `$033C–$03FB` (cassette buffer) can store small print buffers.
+
+**Cross‑refs:**  
+[`printer-commodore.md`](printer-commodore.md) · [`printer-commodore-bitmap.md`](printer-commodore-bitmap.md) · [`printer-epson.md`](printer-epson.md) · [`printer-epson-bitmap.md`](printer-epson-bitmap.md) · [`printer-prompts.md`](printer-prompts.md)
+
+---
+
+## Protocol Differences (critical)
+
+- **Character set:** MPS expects **PETSCII**; Epson expects **ASCII** with ESC/P sequences.  
+- **Mode switching:** MPS uses single-byte PETSCII controls; Epson uses multi-byte ESC (27) commands.  
+- **Graphics:** MPS Bit Image = 7-dot columns (bit7=1); Epson = 8-dot columns `(n,m)` pairs.  
+- **Line endings:** Always send CR (13); often LF (10). FF (12) for page eject.
+
+---
+
+## Commodore MPS Essentials (Text)
+
+- **Open:** `OPEN ch,4[,sa]` (`sa=0` upper/graphics, `7` lower/upper).  
+- **Print:** `PRINT#ch,…` or `CMD ch`.  
+- **Close:** `CLOSE ch`.  
+- **Bit Image:** Enter `CHR$(8)`; repeat `CHR$(26);count;byte`; exit `CHR$(15)`.
+
+---
+
+## Epson FX Essentials (Text)
+
+- **Pitch:** `ESC M` (12 cpi), `ESC P` (10 cpi). **Bold:** `ESC E`/`ESC F`.  
+- **Underline:** `ESC - n`. **Spacing:** `ESC A n`. **Reset:** `ESC @`.
+
+---
+
+## Graphics Summary
+
+- **MPS:** 7 dots/byte; bit7=1; ≈60×72 dpi; max ~480 dots/line.  
+- **Epson:** 8 dots/byte; multiple densities via `ESC K/L/Y/Z/*/^`; use `ESC A 8` for 8-dot rows.
+
+---
+
+## Emulation Notes
+
+- **C64 Ultimate Printer Emulation:** supports both PETSCII (MPS) and ESC/P (Epson).  
+  Ignores advanced DLL commands; `ESC Y` behaves like `ESC L`. Prefer FF (12) for eject.