brepjs-bim 0.23.2 → 0.24.1

package/dist/brepjs-bim.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { addHoles, applyMatrix, autoHeal, box, castShape, clone, convexHull, cut, err, extrude, fuse, getBounds, getKernel, getSolids, isClosedWire, isOk, isPlanarWire, isSolid, isValid, isValidSolid, measureVolume, mesh, ok, outerWire, polygon, revolve, rotate, translate, validSolid } from "brepjs";
+import { addHoles, applyMatrix, autoHeal, box, castShape, clone, convexHull, cut, err, extrude, fuse, fuseAll, getBounds, getKernel, getSolids, isClosedWire, isOk, isPlanarWire, isSolid, isValid, isValidSolid, locate, measureVolume, mesh, ok, outerWire, polygon, revolve, rotate, translate, validSolid } from "brepjs";
 import * as WebIFC from "web-ifc";
 import { Handle, IfcAPI } from "web-ifc";
 //#region src/identity/ifcGuid.ts
@@ -111,12 +111,13 @@ function specError(code, message, cause) {
 		cause
 	};
 }
-function ifcError(code, message, cause) {
+function ifcError(code, message, cause, metadata) {
 	return {
 		kind: "BIM_IFC",
 		code,
 		message,
-		cause
+		cause,
+		...metadata !== void 0 ? { metadata } : {}
 	};
 }
 function geometryError(code, message, cause) {
@@ -242,7 +243,7 @@ function _usingCtx() {
 //#region src/elementFns/wallFns.ts
 function wallToSolid(spec) {
 	try {
-		var _usingCtx$19 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$20 = _usingCtx();
 		if (spec.length <= 0) return err(specError("WALL_ZERO_LENGTH", "Wall length must be positive"));
 		if (spec.height <= 0) return err(specError("WALL_ZERO_HEIGHT", "Wall height must be positive"));
 		if (spec.thickness <= 0) return err(specError("WALL_ZERO_THICKNESS", "Wall thickness must be positive"));
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ function wallToSolid(spec) {
 			]
 		]);
 		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "WALL_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create wall profile"));
-		const profile = _usingCtx$19.u(profileResult.value);
+		const profile = _usingCtx$20.u(profileResult.value);
 		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
 			length,
 			0,
@@ -284,16 +285,16 @@ function wallToSolid(spec) {
 		}
 		return ok(solid);
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$19.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$20.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$19.d();
+		_usingCtx$20.d();
 	}
 }
 //#endregion
 //#region src/elementFns/slabFns.ts
 function slabToSolid(spec) {
 	try {
-		var _usingCtx$18 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$19 = _usingCtx();
 		if (spec.length <= 0) return err(specError("SLAB_ZERO_LENGTH", "Slab length must be positive"));
 		if (spec.width <= 0) return err(specError("SLAB_ZERO_WIDTH", "Slab width must be positive"));
 		if (spec.thickness <= 0) return err(specError("SLAB_ZERO_THICKNESS", "Slab thickness must be positive"));
@@ -321,7 +322,7 @@ function slabToSolid(spec) {
 			]
 		]);
 		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "SLAB_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create slab profile"));
-		const profile = _usingCtx$18.u(profileResult.value);
+		const profile = _usingCtx$19.u(profileResult.value);
 		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
 			0,
 			0,
@@ -335,9 +336,9 @@ function slabToSolid(spec) {
 		}
 		return ok(solid);
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$18.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$19.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$18.d();
+		_usingCtx$19.d();
 	}
 }
 //#endregion
@@ -5025,14 +5026,14 @@ function to3D(points) {
 }
 function extendedProfileToFace(profile) {
 	try {
-		var _usingCtx$17 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$18 = _usingCtx();
 		const invalid = validateProfile(profile);
 		if (invalid !== null) return err(invalid);
 		const outerResult = polygon(to3D(outerLoop(profile)));
 		if (!outerResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(outerResult.error, "PROFILE_FACE_FAILED", "Failed to build profile outer face"));
 		const holes = holeLoops(profile);
 		if (holes.length === 0) return ok(outerResult.value);
-		const outerFace = _usingCtx$17.u(outerResult.value);
+		const outerFace = _usingCtx$18.u(outerResult.value);
 		const holeFaces = [];
 		const holeWires = [];
 		const disposeHoleFaces = () => {
@@ -5057,9 +5058,9 @@ function extendedProfileToFace(profile) {
 		disposeHoleFaces();
 		return ok(faceWithHoles);
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$17.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$18.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$17.d();
+		_usingCtx$18.d();
 	}
 }
 //#endregion
@@ -5381,7 +5382,7 @@ function profileToPolygon(profile, circleSegments = 32) {
 //#region src/elementFns/beamFns.ts
 function beamToSolid(spec) {
 	try {
-		var _usingCtx$16 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$17 = _usingCtx();
 		if (spec.length <= 0) return err(specError("BEAM_ZERO_LENGTH", "Beam length must be positive"));
 		if (isExtendedProfile(spec.profile)) try {
 			var _usingCtx3 = _usingCtx();
@@ -5419,7 +5420,7 @@ function beamToSolid(spec) {
 		]);
 		const profileResult = polygon(profilePts);
 		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "BEAM_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create beam profile"));
-		const profile = _usingCtx$16.u(profileResult.value);
+		const profile = _usingCtx$17.u(profileResult.value);
 		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
 			spec.length,
 			0,
@@ -5433,16 +5434,16 @@ function beamToSolid(spec) {
 		}
 		return ok(solid);
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$16.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$17.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$16.d();
+		_usingCtx$17.d();
 	}
 }
 //#endregion
 //#region src/elementFns/columnFns.ts
 function columnToSolid(spec) {
 	try {
-		var _usingCtx$15 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$16 = _usingCtx();
 		if (spec.height <= 0) return err(specError("COLUMN_ZERO_HEIGHT", "Column height must be positive"));
 		if (isExtendedProfile(spec.profile)) try {
 			var _usingCtx3 = _usingCtx();
@@ -5471,7 +5472,7 @@ function columnToSolid(spec) {
 		const profilePts = profilePtsResult.value;
 		const profileResult = polygon(profilePts);
 		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "COLUMN_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create column profile"));
-		const profile = _usingCtx$15.u(profileResult.value);
+		const profile = _usingCtx$16.u(profileResult.value);
 		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
 			0,
 			0,
@@ -5485,9 +5486,9 @@ function columnToSolid(spec) {
 		}
 		return ok(solid);
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$15.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$16.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$15.d();
+		_usingCtx$16.d();
 	}
 }
 //#endregion
@@ -5495,7 +5496,7 @@ function columnToSolid(spec) {
 var EPSILON_MM = 1;
 function openingToSolid(spec, wallThickness) {
 	try {
-		var _usingCtx$14 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$15 = _usingCtx();
 		if (spec.width <= 0) return err(specError("OPENING_ZERO_WIDTH", "Opening width must be positive"));
 		if (spec.height <= 0) return err(specError("OPENING_ZERO_HEIGHT", "Opening height must be positive"));
 		if (wallThickness <= 0) return err(specError("OPENING_ZERO_WALL_THICKNESS", "Wall thickness must be positive"));
@@ -5527,7 +5528,7 @@ function openingToSolid(spec, wallThickness) {
 			]
 		]);
 		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "OPENING_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create opening profile"));
-		const profile = _usingCtx$14.u(profileResult.value);
+		const profile = _usingCtx$15.u(profileResult.value);
 		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
 			spec.width,
 			0,
@@ -5541,16 +5542,16 @@ function openingToSolid(spec, wallThickness) {
 		}
 		return ok(solid);
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$14.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$15.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$14.d();
+		_usingCtx$15.d();
 	}
 }
 //#endregion
 //#region src/elementFns/slabOpeningFns.ts
 function slabOpeningToSolid(spec, slabThickness) {
 	try {
-		var _usingCtx$13 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$14 = _usingCtx();
 		if (spec.sizeX <= 0) return err(specError("SLAB_OPENING_ZERO_SIZE_X", "Slab opening sizeX must be positive"));
 		if (spec.sizeY <= 0) return err(specError("SLAB_OPENING_ZERO_SIZE_Y", "Slab opening sizeY must be positive"));
 		if (slabThickness <= 0) return err(specError("SLAB_OPENING_ZERO_SLAB_THICKNESS", "Slab thickness must be positive"));
@@ -5582,7 +5583,7 @@ function slabOpeningToSolid(spec, slabThickness) {
 			]
 		]);
 		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "SLAB_OPENING_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create slab opening profile"));
-		const profile = _usingCtx$13.u(profileResult.value);
+		const profile = _usingCtx$14.u(profileResult.value);
 		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
 			0,
 			0,
@@ -5596,16 +5597,16 @@ function slabOpeningToSolid(spec, slabThickness) {
 		}
 		return ok(solid);
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$13.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$14.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$13.d();
+		_usingCtx$14.d();
 	}
 }
 //#endregion
 //#region src/elementFns/spaceFns.ts
 function spaceToSolid(spec) {
 	try {
-		var _usingCtx$12 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$13 = _usingCtx();
 		if (spec.length <= 0) return err(specError("SPACE_ZERO_LENGTH", "Space length must be positive"));
 		if (spec.width <= 0) return err(specError("SPACE_ZERO_WIDTH", "Space width must be positive"));
 		if (spec.height <= 0) return err(specError("SPACE_ZERO_HEIGHT", "Space height must be positive"));
@@ -5633,7 +5634,7 @@ function spaceToSolid(spec) {
 			]
 		]);
 		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "SPACE_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create space footprint"));
-		const profile = _usingCtx$12.u(profileResult.value);
+		const profile = _usingCtx$13.u(profileResult.value);
 		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
 			0,
 			0,
@@ -5647,9 +5648,9 @@ function spaceToSolid(spec) {
 		}
 		return ok(solid);
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$12.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$13.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$12.d();
+		_usingCtx$13.d();
 	}
 }
 //#endregion
@@ -5664,7 +5665,7 @@ function gate(solid, code) {
 }
 function flatRoof(spec) {
 	try {
-		var _usingCtx$11 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$12 = _usingCtx();
 		const { length, width, thickness } = spec;
 		const face = polygon([
 			[
@@ -5689,7 +5690,7 @@ function flatRoof(spec) {
 			]
 		]);
 		if (!face.ok) return err(fromBrepError(face.error, "ROOF_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create roof profile"));
-		const profile = _usingCtx$11.u(face.value);
+		const profile = _usingCtx$12.u(face.value);
 		const solid = extrude(profile, [
 			0,
 			0,
@@ -5698,9 +5699,9 @@ function flatRoof(spec) {
 		if (!solid.ok) return err(fromBrepError(solid.error, "ROOF_EXTRUDE_FAILED", "Failed to extrude roof profile"));
 		return gate(solid.value, "ROOF_INVALID_SOLID");
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$11.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$12.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$11.d();
+		_usingCtx$12.d();
 	}
 }
 function shedRoof(spec, pitch) {
@@ -5896,7 +5897,7 @@ function roofToSolid(spec) {
 //#region src/elementFns/curtainWallFns.ts
 function boxSolid(sizeX, sizeY, sizeZ) {
 	try {
-		var _usingCtx$10 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$11 = _usingCtx();
 		const profileResult = polygon([
 			[
 				0,
@@ -5920,7 +5921,7 @@ function boxSolid(sizeX, sizeY, sizeZ) {
 			]
 		]);
 		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "CURTAIN_WALL_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create component profile"));
-		const profile = _usingCtx$10.u(profileResult.value);
+		const profile = _usingCtx$11.u(profileResult.value);
 		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
 			0,
 			0,
@@ -5934,9 +5935,9 @@ function boxSolid(sizeX, sizeY, sizeZ) {
 		}
 		return ok(solid);
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$10.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$11.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$10.d();
+		_usingCtx$11.d();
 	}
 }
 function disposeComponents(components) {
@@ -6035,7 +6036,7 @@ function curtainWallToGrid(spec) {
 //#region src/elementFns/foundationFns.ts
 function footingToSolid(spec) {
 	try {
-		var _usingCtx$9 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$10 = _usingCtx();
 		if (spec.length <= 0) return err(specError("FOOTING_ZERO_LENGTH", "Footing length must be positive"));
 		if (spec.width <= 0) return err(specError("FOOTING_ZERO_WIDTH", "Footing width must be positive"));
 		if (spec.thickness <= 0) return err(specError("FOOTING_ZERO_THICKNESS", "Footing thickness must be positive"));
@@ -6063,7 +6064,7 @@ function footingToSolid(spec) {
 			]
 		]);
 		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "FOOTING_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create footing profile"));
-		const profile = _usingCtx$9.u(profileResult.value);
+		const profile = _usingCtx$10.u(profileResult.value);
 		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
 			0,
 			0,
@@ -6077,9 +6078,9 @@ function footingToSolid(spec) {
 		}
 		return ok(solid);
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$9.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$10.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$9.d();
+		_usingCtx$10.d();
 	}
 }
 function pileToSolid(spec) {
@@ -6136,7 +6137,7 @@ function pileToSolid(spec) {
 //#region src/elementFns/railingFns.ts
 function panelRailing(spec) {
 	try {
-		var _usingCtx$8 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$9 = _usingCtx();
 		const { length, height, thickness } = spec;
 		const profileResult = polygon([
 			[
@@ -6161,7 +6162,7 @@ function panelRailing(spec) {
 			]
 		]);
 		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "RAILING_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create railing profile"));
-		const profile = _usingCtx$8.u(profileResult.value);
+		const profile = _usingCtx$9.u(profileResult.value);
 		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
 			length,
 			0,
@@ -6175,9 +6176,9 @@ function panelRailing(spec) {
 		}
 		return ok(solid);
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$8.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$9.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$8.d();
+		_usingCtx$9.d();
 	}
 }
 function postedRailing(spec) {
@@ -6240,7 +6241,7 @@ function railingToSolid(spec) {
 //#region src/elementFns/coveringFns.ts
 function coveringToSolid(spec) {
 	try {
-		var _usingCtx$7 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$8 = _usingCtx();
 		if (spec.length <= 0) return err(specError("COVERING_ZERO_LENGTH", "Covering length must be positive"));
 		if (spec.width <= 0) return err(specError("COVERING_ZERO_WIDTH", "Covering width must be positive"));
 		if (spec.thickness <= 0) return err(specError("COVERING_ZERO_THICKNESS", "Covering thickness must be positive"));
@@ -6268,7 +6269,7 @@ function coveringToSolid(spec) {
 			]
 		]);
 		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "COVERING_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create covering profile"));
-		const profile = _usingCtx$7.u(profileResult.value);
+		const profile = _usingCtx$8.u(profileResult.value);
 		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
 			0,
 			0,
@@ -6282,13 +6283,29 @@ function coveringToSolid(spec) {
 		}
 		return ok(solid);
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$7.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$8.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$7.d();
+		_usingCtx$8.d();
+	}
+}
+//#endregion
+//#region src/types/productBody.ts
+/** Returns borrowed Product-local solids. The model retains ownership. */
+function bodySolids(body) {
+	switch (body.kind) {
+		case "PARAMETRIC": return [body.solid];
+		case "EXACT": return body.solids;
 	}
 }
+/** Model-owner cleanup. Borrowers must use {@link bodySolids} without disposing its items. */
+function disposeProductBody(body) {
+	for (const solid of bodySolids(body)) solid[Symbol.dispose]();
+}
 //#endregion
 //#region src/model/bimModel.ts
+function exactWallBodyImmutable() {
+	return err(specError("EXACT_WALL_BODY_IMMUTABLE", "Cannot add an opening after a wall has taken an exact Product Body"));
+}
 var BimModel = class {
 	#elements = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
 	#relationships = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
@@ -6307,7 +6324,8 @@ var BimModel = class {
 		return ok(id);
 	}
 	[Symbol.dispose]() {
-		for (const el of this.#elements.values()) if (el.category === "WALL" || el.category === "SLAB" || el.category === "BEAM" || el.category === "COLUMN" || el.category === "PROXY" || el.category === "EARTHWORKS_FILL" || el.category === "SPACE" || el.category === "ROOF" || el.category === "FOOTING" || el.category === "PILE" || el.category === "RAILING" || el.category === "COVERING") el.geometry[Symbol.dispose]();
+		for (const el of this.#elements.values()) if (el.category === "SLAB" || el.category === "BEAM" || el.category === "COLUMN" || el.category === "PROXY" || el.category === "EARTHWORKS_FILL" || el.category === "SPACE" || el.category === "ROOF" || el.category === "FOOTING" || el.category === "PILE" || el.category === "COVERING") el.geometry[Symbol.dispose]();
+		else if (el.category === "WALL" || el.category === "RAILING") disposeProductBody(el.geometry);
 		else if (el.category === "CURTAIN_WALL") {
 			for (const panel of el.geometry.panels) panel.solid[Symbol.dispose]();
 			for (const mullion of el.geometry.mullions) mullion.solid[Symbol.dispose]();
@@ -6368,7 +6386,10 @@ var BimModel = class {
 		if (!keyCheck.ok) return keyCheck;
 		const geomResult = wallToSolid(spec);
 		if (!geomResult.ok) return err(geomResult.error);
-		const id = this.#makeElement("WALL", spec, geomResult.value, options?.stableKey);
+		const id = this.#makeElement("WALL", spec, {
+			kind: "PARAMETRIC",
+			solid: geomResult.value
+		}, options?.stableKey);
 		this.#associateMaterial(id, spec);
 		this.#associateClassification(id, spec);
 		return ok(id);
@@ -6483,12 +6504,47 @@ var BimModel = class {
 		if (!keyCheck.ok) return keyCheck;
 		const geomResult = railingToSolid(spec);
 		if (!geomResult.ok) return err(geomResult.error);
-		const id = this.#makeElement("RAILING", spec, geomResult.value, options?.stableKey);
+		const id = this.#makeElement("RAILING", spec, {
+			kind: "PARAMETRIC",
+			solid: geomResult.value
+		}, options?.stableKey);
 		this.#associateMaterial(id, spec);
 		this.#associateClassification(id, spec);
 		return ok(id);
 	}
 	/**
+	* Atomically replaces a parametric wall or railing Body with authoritative,
+	* caller-owned exact solids. Success transfers every supplied handle to this
+	* model. Failure leaves both the model and all supplied handles unchanged.
+	*/
+	takeExactProductBody(localId, body) {
+		const target = this.#elements.get(localId);
+		if (target === void 0) return err(specError("EXACT_BODY_TARGET_NOT_FOUND", `No element found for localId ${localId}`));
+		if (target.category !== "WALL" && target.category !== "RAILING") return err(specError("EXACT_BODY_UNSUPPORTED_CATEGORY", `Exact Product Bodies are supported only for walls and railings, not ${target.category}`));
+		if (target.geometry.kind === "EXACT") return err(specError("EXACT_BODY_ALREADY_EXACT", `Element ${localId} already has an exact Product Body`));
+		const solids = body.solids;
+		if (solids.length === 0) return err(specError("EXACT_BODY_EMPTY", "An exact Product Body must contain at least one solid"));
+		if (solids.includes(target.geometry.solid)) return err(specError("EXACT_BODY_SOLID_OWNERSHIP_CONFLICT", `Exact Product Body for ${localId} reuses the target parametric solid`));
+		const identities = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+		for (const [itemIndex, solid] of solids.entries()) {
+			if (identities.has(solid)) return err(specError("EXACT_BODY_DUPLICATE_SOLID", `Exact Product Body item ${itemIndex} duplicates an earlier handle`));
+			identities.add(solid);
+			if (solid.disposed) return err(specError("EXACT_BODY_SOLID_DISPOSED", `Exact Product Body item ${itemIndex} is already disposed`));
+			try {
+				if (!isValidSolid(solid)) return err(specError("EXACT_BODY_SOLID_INVALID", `Exact Product Body item ${itemIndex} is not a valid solid`));
+			} catch (cause) {
+				return err(specError("EXACT_BODY_SOLID_INVALID", `Exact Product Body item ${itemIndex} could not be validated`, cause));
+			}
+		}
+		const replaced = {
+			...target,
+			geometry: body
+		};
+		this.#elements.set(localId, replaced);
+		disposeProductBody(target.geometry);
+		return ok(void 0);
+	}
+	/**
 	* Adds an IfcCovering. When `hostLocalId` is supplied, an
 	* IfcRelCoversBldgElements linking the covering to its host (e.g. a slab it
 	* finishes) is recorded for export.
@@ -6685,10 +6741,11 @@ var BimModel = class {
 		return ok(id);
 	}
 	addDoor(spec, options) {
-		const keyCheck = this.#checkOpeningKeys(options);
-		if (!keyCheck.ok) return keyCheck;
 		const wall = this.#elements.get(spec.wallLocalId);
 		if (wall === void 0 || wall.category !== "WALL") return err(specError("DOOR_WALL_NOT_FOUND", `No wall found for localId ${spec.wallLocalId}`));
+		if (wall.geometry.kind === "EXACT") return exactWallBodyImmutable();
+		const keyCheck = this.#checkOpeningKeys(options);
+		if (!keyCheck.ok) return keyCheck;
 		if (spec.offsetAlongWall + spec.width > wall.spec.length) return err(specError("DOOR_EXCEEDS_WALL_BOUNDS", "Door (offsetAlongWall + width) exceeds wall length"));
 		if (spec.offsetFromFloor + spec.height > wall.spec.height) return err(specError("DOOR_EXCEEDS_WALL_BOUNDS", "Door (offsetFromFloor + height) exceeds wall height"));
 		const openingSpec = {
@@ -6721,10 +6778,11 @@ var BimModel = class {
 		return ok(doorId);
 	}
 	addWindow(spec, options) {
-		const keyCheck = this.#checkOpeningKeys(options);
-		if (!keyCheck.ok) return keyCheck;
 		const wall = this.#elements.get(spec.wallLocalId);
 		if (wall === void 0 || wall.category !== "WALL") return err(specError("WINDOW_WALL_NOT_FOUND", `No wall found for localId ${spec.wallLocalId}`));
+		if (wall.geometry.kind === "EXACT") return exactWallBodyImmutable();
+		const keyCheck = this.#checkOpeningKeys(options);
+		if (!keyCheck.ok) return keyCheck;
 		if (spec.offsetAlongWall + spec.width > wall.spec.length) return err(specError("WINDOW_EXCEEDS_WALL_BOUNDS", "Window (offsetAlongWall + width) exceeds wall length"));
 		if (spec.offsetFromFloor + spec.height > wall.spec.height) return err(specError("WINDOW_EXCEEDS_WALL_BOUNDS", "Window (offsetFromFloor + height) exceeds wall height"));
 		const openingSpec = {
@@ -6798,27 +6856,31 @@ var BimModel = class {
 	}
 	#cutWallGeometry(wall, openingSpec) {
 		try {
-			var _usingCtx$6 = _usingCtx();
+			var _usingCtx$7 = _usingCtx();
+			if (wall.geometry.kind === "EXACT") return exactWallBodyImmutable();
 			const toolResult = openingToSolid(openingSpec, wall.spec.thickness);
 			if (!toolResult.ok) return err(toolResult.error);
-			const tool = _usingCtx$6.u(toolResult.value);
-			const cutResult = cut(wall.geometry, tool);
+			const tool = _usingCtx$7.u(toolResult.value);
+			const cutResult = cut(wall.geometry.solid, tool);
 			if (!cutResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(cutResult.error, "WALL_CUT_FAILED", "Boolean cut of wall with opening failed"));
 			return ok(cutResult.value);
 		} catch (_) {
-			_usingCtx$6.e = _;
+			_usingCtx$7.e = _;
 		} finally {
-			_usingCtx$6.d();
+			_usingCtx$7.d();
 		}
 	}
 	#replaceWallGeometry(wall, newGeometry) {
 		const oldGeometry = wall.geometry;
 		const replaced = {
 			...wall,
-			geometry: newGeometry
+			geometry: {
+				kind: "PARAMETRIC",
+				solid: newGeometry
+			}
 		};
 		this.#elements.set(wall.localId, replaced);
-		oldGeometry[Symbol.dispose]();
+		disposeProductBody(oldGeometry);
 	}
 	#cutSlabGeometry(slab, openingSpec) {
 		try {
@@ -7077,6 +7139,129 @@ var BimModel = class {
 	}
 };
 //#endregion
+//#region src/elementFns/stairFns.ts
+function buildSilhouette$1(numberOfRisers, riserHeight, treadLength) {
+	const pts = [];
+	pts.push([
+		0,
+		0,
+		0
+	]);
+	let x = 0;
+	let z = 0;
+	for (let i = 0; i < numberOfRisers; i++) {
+		z += riserHeight;
+		pts.push([
+			x,
+			0,
+			z
+		]);
+		x += treadLength;
+		pts.push([
+			x,
+			0,
+			z
+		]);
+	}
+	pts.push([
+		x,
+		0,
+		0
+	]);
+	return pts;
+}
+function stairFlightToSolid(spec) {
+	try {
+		var _usingCtx$6 = _usingCtx();
+		if (spec.width <= 0) return err(specError("STAIR_FLIGHT_ZERO_WIDTH", "Stair flight width must be positive"));
+		if (spec.riserHeight <= 0) return err(specError("STAIR_FLIGHT_ZERO_RISER", "Stair flight riserHeight must be positive"));
+		if (spec.treadLength <= 0) return err(specError("STAIR_FLIGHT_ZERO_TREAD", "Stair flight treadLength must be positive"));
+		if (!Number.isInteger(spec.numberOfRisers) || spec.numberOfRisers < 1) return err(specError("STAIR_FLIGHT_BAD_RISERS", "Stair flight numberOfRisers must be a positive integer"));
+		const silhouette = buildSilhouette$1(spec.numberOfRisers, spec.riserHeight, spec.treadLength);
+		const profileResult = polygon(silhouette);
+		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "STAIR_FLIGHT_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create stair flight silhouette profile"));
+		const profile = _usingCtx$6.u(profileResult.value);
+		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
+			0,
+			spec.width,
+			0
+		]);
+		if (!solidResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(solidResult.error, "STAIR_FLIGHT_EXTRUDE_FAILED", "Failed to extrude stair flight silhouette"));
+		const solid = solidResult.value;
+		if (!isValidSolid(solid)) {
+			solid[Symbol.dispose]();
+			return err(geometryError("STAIR_FLIGHT_INVALID_SOLID", "Stair flight solid failed validity check"));
+		}
+		return ok({
+			solid,
+			geometrySimplified: false
+		});
+	} catch (_) {
+		_usingCtx$6.e = _;
+	} finally {
+		_usingCtx$6.d();
+	}
+}
+//#endregion
+//#region src/elementFns/rampFns.ts
+function buildSilhouette(length, rise, thickness) {
+	return [
+		[
+			0,
+			0,
+			-thickness
+		],
+		[
+			length,
+			0,
+			rise - thickness
+		],
+		[
+			length,
+			0,
+			rise
+		],
+		[
+			0,
+			0,
+			0
+		]
+	];
+}
+function rampFlightToSolid(spec) {
+	try {
+		var _usingCtx$5 = _usingCtx();
+		if (spec.width <= 0) return err(specError("RAMP_FLIGHT_ZERO_WIDTH", "Ramp flight width must be positive"));
+		if (spec.length <= 0) return err(specError("RAMP_FLIGHT_ZERO_LENGTH", "Ramp flight length must be positive"));
+		if (spec.slope <= 0) return err(specError("RAMP_FLIGHT_ZERO_SLOPE", "Ramp flight slope must be positive"));
+		if (spec.thickness <= 0) return err(specError("RAMP_FLIGHT_ZERO_THICKNESS", "Ramp flight thickness must be positive"));
+		const rise = spec.length * spec.slope;
+		const silhouette = buildSilhouette(spec.length, rise, spec.thickness);
+		const profileResult = polygon(silhouette);
+		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "RAMP_FLIGHT_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create ramp flight silhouette profile"));
+		const profile = _usingCtx$5.u(profileResult.value);
+		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
+			0,
+			spec.width,
+			0
+		]);
+		if (!solidResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(solidResult.error, "RAMP_FLIGHT_EXTRUDE_FAILED", "Failed to extrude ramp flight silhouette"));
+		const solid = solidResult.value;
+		if (!isValidSolid(solid)) {
+			solid[Symbol.dispose]();
+			return err(geometryError("RAMP_FLIGHT_INVALID_SOLID", "Ramp flight solid failed validity check"));
+		}
+		return ok({
+			solid,
+			geometrySimplified: true
+		});
+	} catch (_) {
+		_usingCtx$5.e = _;
+	} finally {
+		_usingCtx$5.d();
+	}
+}
+//#endregion
 //#region src/import/placement.ts
 /**
 * Metres-per-file-unit length scale read from the IfcUnitAssignment's
@@ -7284,148 +7469,100 @@ function enumValue(v) {
 	return typeof value === "string" ? value : null;
 }
 //#endregion
-//#region src/elementFns/stairFns.ts
-function buildSilhouette$1(numberOfRisers, riserHeight, treadLength) {
-	const pts = [];
-	pts.push([
-		0,
-		0,
-		0
-	]);
-	let x = 0;
-	let z = 0;
-	for (let i = 0; i < numberOfRisers; i++) {
-		z += riserHeight;
-		pts.push([
-			x,
-			0,
-			z
-		]);
-		x += treadLength;
-		pts.push([
-			x,
-			0,
-			z
-		]);
-	}
-	pts.push([
-		x,
-		0,
-		0
-	]);
-	return pts;
-}
-function stairFlightToSolid(spec) {
-	try {
-		var _usingCtx$5 = _usingCtx();
-		if (spec.width <= 0) return err(specError("STAIR_FLIGHT_ZERO_WIDTH", "Stair flight width must be positive"));
-		if (spec.riserHeight <= 0) return err(specError("STAIR_FLIGHT_ZERO_RISER", "Stair flight riserHeight must be positive"));
-		if (spec.treadLength <= 0) return err(specError("STAIR_FLIGHT_ZERO_TREAD", "Stair flight treadLength must be positive"));
-		if (!Number.isInteger(spec.numberOfRisers) || spec.numberOfRisers < 1) return err(specError("STAIR_FLIGHT_BAD_RISERS", "Stair flight numberOfRisers must be a positive integer"));
-		const silhouette = buildSilhouette$1(spec.numberOfRisers, spec.riserHeight, spec.treadLength);
-		const profileResult = polygon(silhouette);
-		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "STAIR_FLIGHT_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create stair flight silhouette profile"));
-		const profile = _usingCtx$5.u(profileResult.value);
-		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
-			0,
-			spec.width,
-			0
-		]);
-		if (!solidResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(solidResult.error, "STAIR_FLIGHT_EXTRUDE_FAILED", "Failed to extrude stair flight silhouette"));
-		const solid = solidResult.value;
-		if (!isValidSolid(solid)) {
-			solid[Symbol.dispose]();
-			return err(geometryError("STAIR_FLIGHT_INVALID_SOLID", "Stair flight solid failed validity check"));
-		}
-		return ok({
-			solid,
-			geometrySimplified: false
-		});
-	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$5.e = _;
-	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$5.d();
-	}
-}
-//#endregion
-//#region src/elementFns/rampFns.ts
-function buildSilhouette(length, rise, thickness) {
-	return [
-		[
-			0,
-			0,
-			-thickness
-		],
-		[
-			length,
-			0,
-			rise - thickness
-		],
-		[
-			length,
-			0,
-			rise
-		],
-		[
-			0,
-			0,
-			0
-		]
+//#region src/rigidPlacement.ts
+var RAD_TO_DEG = 180 / Math.PI;
+var ROTATION_EPSILON = 1e-12;
+/** Applies a rigid placement as a location so the source BRep is not rebuilt. */
+function locateShapeInFrame(shape, frame) {
+	return locate(shape, placementOps(frame));
+}
+function placementOps(frame) {
+	const matrix = placementToMatrix(frame);
+	const rotation = rotationOp(matrix.linear);
+	const translation = {
+		type: "translate",
+		v: matrix.translation
+	};
+	return rotation === null ? [translation] : [rotation, translation];
+}
+function rotationOp(matrix) {
+	const [m00, m01, m02, m10, m11, m12, m20, m21, m22] = matrix;
+	const trace = m00 + m11 + m22;
+	let w;
+	let x;
+	let y;
+	let z;
+	if (trace > 0) {
+		const scale = 2 * Math.sqrt(trace + 1);
+		w = scale / 4;
+		x = (m21 - m12) / scale;
+		y = (m02 - m20) / scale;
+		z = (m10 - m01) / scale;
+	} else if (m00 > m11 && m00 > m22) {
+		const scale = 2 * Math.sqrt(1 + m00 - m11 - m22);
+		w = (m21 - m12) / scale;
+		x = scale / 4;
+		y = (m01 + m10) / scale;
+		z = (m02 + m20) / scale;
+	} else if (m11 > m22) {
+		const scale = 2 * Math.sqrt(1 + m11 - m00 - m22);
+		w = (m02 - m20) / scale;
+		x = (m01 + m10) / scale;
+		y = scale / 4;
+		z = (m12 + m21) / scale;
+	} else {
+		const scale = 2 * Math.sqrt(1 + m22 - m00 - m11);
+		w = (m10 - m01) / scale;
+		x = (m02 + m20) / scale;
+		y = (m12 + m21) / scale;
+		z = scale / 4;
+	}
+	const length = Math.hypot(w, x, y, z);
+	const sign = w < 0 ? -1 : 1;
+	const normalizedW = sign * w / length;
+	const normalizedX = sign * x / length;
+	const normalizedY = sign * y / length;
+	const normalizedZ = sign * z / length;
+	const sinHalfAngle = Math.hypot(normalizedX, normalizedY, normalizedZ);
+	if (sinHalfAngle < ROTATION_EPSILON) return null;
+	const axis = [
+		normalizedX / sinHalfAngle,
+		normalizedY / sinHalfAngle,
+		normalizedZ / sinHalfAngle
 	];
-}
-function rampFlightToSolid(spec) {
-	try {
-		var _usingCtx$4 = _usingCtx();
-		if (spec.width <= 0) return err(specError("RAMP_FLIGHT_ZERO_WIDTH", "Ramp flight width must be positive"));
-		if (spec.length <= 0) return err(specError("RAMP_FLIGHT_ZERO_LENGTH", "Ramp flight length must be positive"));
-		if (spec.slope <= 0) return err(specError("RAMP_FLIGHT_ZERO_SLOPE", "Ramp flight slope must be positive"));
-		if (spec.thickness <= 0) return err(specError("RAMP_FLIGHT_ZERO_THICKNESS", "Ramp flight thickness must be positive"));
-		const rise = spec.length * spec.slope;
-		const silhouette = buildSilhouette(spec.length, rise, spec.thickness);
-		const profileResult = polygon(silhouette);
-		if (!profileResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(profileResult.error, "RAMP_FLIGHT_PROFILE_FAILED", "Failed to create ramp flight silhouette profile"));
-		const profile = _usingCtx$4.u(profileResult.value);
-		const solidResult = extrude(profile, [
-			0,
-			spec.width,
-			0
-		]);
-		if (!solidResult.ok) return err(fromBrepError(solidResult.error, "RAMP_FLIGHT_EXTRUDE_FAILED", "Failed to extrude ramp flight silhouette"));
-		const solid = solidResult.value;
-		if (!isValidSolid(solid)) {
-			solid[Symbol.dispose]();
-			return err(geometryError("RAMP_FLIGHT_INVALID_SOLID", "Ramp flight solid failed validity check"));
-		}
-		return ok({
-			solid,
-			geometrySimplified: true
-		});
-	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$4.e = _;
-	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$4.d();
-	}
+	return {
+		type: "rotate",
+		angle: 2 * Math.atan2(sinHalfAngle, normalizedW) * RAD_TO_DEG,
+		axis
+	};
 }
 //#endregion
 //#region src/elementFns/placedGeometry.ts
+var testHooks$5 = null;
 function place(solid, frame) {
-	const result = applyMatrix(solid, placementToMatrix(frame));
-	if (!result.ok) return err(fromBrepError(result.error, "PLACED_GEOMETRY_FAILED", "Failed to place element geometry"));
-	return ok(result.value);
+	let placed = null;
+	try {
+		placed = locateShapeInFrame(solid, frame);
+		testHooks$5?.afterPlaced?.(placed);
+		return ok(placed);
+	} catch (cause) {
+		placed?.[Symbol.dispose]();
+		return err(geometryError("PLACED_GEOMETRY_FAILED", "Element placement threw while transforming geometry", cause));
+	}
 }
-function disposeAll(solids) {
+function disposeAll$1(solids) {
 	for (const s of solids) s[Symbol.dispose]();
 }
 function placeWithinParent(solid, localFrame, parentFrame) {
 	try {
-		var _usingCtx$3 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$4 = _usingCtx();
 		const local = place(solid, localFrame);
 		if (!local.ok || parentFrame === void 0) return local;
-		return place(_usingCtx$3.u(local.value), parentFrame);
+		return place(_usingCtx$4.u(local.value), parentFrame);
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$3.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$4.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$3.d();
+		_usingCtx$4.d();
 	}
 }
 /**
@@ -7450,6 +7587,18 @@ function placedSolids(el, options = {}) {
 	const parentFrame = options.parentFrame;
 	switch (el.category) {
 		case "WALL":
+		case "RAILING": {
+			const out = [];
+			for (const solid of bodySolids(el.geometry)) {
+				const placed = placeWithinParent(solid, el.spec, parentFrame);
+				if (!placed.ok) {
+					disposeAll$1(out);
+					return placed;
+				}
+				out.push(placed.value);
+			}
+			return ok(out);
+		}
 		case "SLAB":
 		case "BEAM":
 		case "COLUMN":
@@ -7457,8 +7606,7 @@ function placedSolids(el, options = {}) {
 		case "ROOF":
 		case "FOOTING":
 		case "PILE":
-		case "COVERING":
-		case "RAILING": {
+		case "COVERING": {
 			const placed = placeWithinParent(el.geometry, el.spec, parentFrame);
 			if (!placed.ok) return placed;
 			return ok([placed.value]);
@@ -7469,12 +7617,12 @@ function placedSolids(el, options = {}) {
 				var _usingCtx3 = _usingCtx();
 				const built = stairFlightToSolid(flight);
 				if (!built.ok) {
-					disposeAll(out);
+					disposeAll$1(out);
 					return err(built.error);
 				}
 				const placed = placeWithinParent(_usingCtx3.u(built.value.solid), flight, parentFrame);
 				if (!placed.ok) {
-					disposeAll(out);
+					disposeAll$1(out);
 					return placed;
 				}
 				out.push(placed.value);
@@ -7491,12 +7639,12 @@ function placedSolids(el, options = {}) {
 				var _usingCtx4 = _usingCtx();
 				const built = rampFlightToSolid(flight);
 				if (!built.ok) {
-					disposeAll(out);
+					disposeAll$1(out);
 					return err(built.error);
 				}
 				const placed = placeWithinParent(_usingCtx4.u(built.value.solid), flight, parentFrame);
 				if (!placed.ok) {
-					disposeAll(out);
+					disposeAll$1(out);
 					return placed;
 				}
 				out.push(placed.value);
@@ -7547,12 +7695,12 @@ function placedSolids(el, options = {}) {
 					]
 				});
 				if (!componentLocal.ok) {
-					disposeAll(out);
+					disposeAll$1(out);
 					return componentLocal;
 				}
 				const placed = placeWithinParent(_usingCtx5.u(componentLocal.value), el.spec, parentFrame);
 				if (!placed.ok) {
-					disposeAll(out);
+					disposeAll$1(out);
 					return placed;
 				}
 				out.push(placed.value);
@@ -7657,6 +7805,7 @@ async function initIfcApi(api) {
 }
 //#endregion
 //#region src/ifc-writer/ifcWriter.ts
+var testHooks$4 = null;
 /** Default MVD ViewDefinition declared in the STEP FILE_DESCRIPTION header. */
 var DEFAULT_MVD_VIEW_DEFINITION = "ReferenceView_v1.2";
 var VIEW_DEFINITION_RE = /ViewDefinition \[[^\]]*\]/;
@@ -7697,6 +7846,10 @@ var IfcWriter = class IfcWriter {
 			return err(ifcError("IFC_INIT_FAILED", "Failed to initialize web-ifc", e));
 		}
 	}
+	/** Package-internal lifecycle seam for deterministic writer cleanup tests. */
+	static fromApiForTesting(api, modelId = 0) {
+		return new IfcWriter(api, modelId, DEFAULT_MVD_VIEW_DEFINITION, {});
+	}
 	nextId() {
 		return this.#nextExpressId++;
 	}
@@ -7714,6 +7867,7 @@ var IfcWriter = class IfcWriter {
 	}
 	writeLine(entity) {
 		this.#api.WriteLine(this.#modelId, entity);
+		testHooks$4?.afterWriteLine?.();
 		return entity.expressID;
 	}
 	ref(id) {
@@ -7722,6 +7876,15 @@ var IfcWriter = class IfcWriter {
 	mkType(type, value) {
 		return this.#api.CreateIfcType(this.#modelId, type, value);
 	}
+	close() {
+		if (this.#closed) return;
+		this.#closed = true;
+		this.#api.CloseModel(this.#modelId);
+		testHooks$4?.afterClose?.();
+	}
+	[Symbol.dispose]() {
+		this.close();
+	}
 	save() {
 		if (this.#closed) return err(ifcError("IFC_ALREADY_SAVED", "Model has already been saved and closed"));
 		try {
@@ -7730,8 +7893,7 @@ var IfcWriter = class IfcWriter {
 		} catch (e) {
 			return err(ifcError("IFC_SAVE_FAILED", "Failed to serialize IFC model", e));
 		} finally {
-			this.#api.CloseModel(this.#modelId);
-			this.#closed = true;
+			this.close();
 		}
 	}
 	/**
@@ -8274,10 +8436,49 @@ function writeColumnEntity(w, guid, name, _predefinedType, ownerHistoryId, local
 	});
 	return id;
 }
-//#endregion
-//#region src/ifc-writer/tessellationWriter.ts
-var IFC_MESH_TOLERANCE_MM = 5;
-var IFC_MESH_ANGULAR_TOLERANCE_RAD = .3;
+//#endregion
+//#region src/ifc-writer/tessellationWriter.ts
+var IFC_MESH_TOLERANCE_MM = 5;
+var IFC_MESH_ANGULAR_TOLERANCE_RAD = .3;
+function prepareTessellation(solid, toleranceMm = IFC_MESH_TOLERANCE_MM) {
+	let meshData;
+	try {
+		meshData = mesh(solid, {
+			tolerance: toleranceMm,
+			angularTolerance: IFC_MESH_ANGULAR_TOLERANCE_RAD
+		});
+	} catch (cause) {
+		return {
+			ok: false,
+			reason: cause instanceof Error ? cause.message : String(cause),
+			cause
+		};
+	}
+	const { vertices, triangles } = meshData;
+	if (vertices.length === 0 || triangles.length === 0) return {
+		ok: false,
+		reason: "mesh() returned an empty triangle set"
+	};
+	const coordList = [];
+	for (let i = 0; i + 2 < vertices.length; i += 3) coordList.push([
+		toIfcLengthM(vertices[i] ?? 0),
+		toIfcLengthM(vertices[i + 1] ?? 0),
+		toIfcLengthM(vertices[i + 2] ?? 0)
+	]);
+	const coordIndex = [];
+	for (let i = 0; i + 2 < triangles.length; i += 3) coordIndex.push([
+		(triangles[i] ?? 0) + 1,
+		(triangles[i + 1] ?? 0) + 1,
+		(triangles[i + 2] ?? 0) + 1
+	]);
+	return {
+		ok: true,
+		value: {
+			coordList,
+			coordIndex
+		}
+	};
+}
 /**
 * Writes an IfcTriangulatedFaceSet (preferred IFC4 tessellation) from a brepjs
 * ValidSolid, wrapped in an IfcShapeRepresentation (Body/Tessellation) and an
@@ -8296,52 +8497,20 @@ var IFC_MESH_ANGULAR_TOLERANCE_RAD = .3;
 * shape representation, so it is not referenced here.
 */
 function writeTessellation(w, solid, geomSubContextId, _localPlacementId, toleranceMm = IFC_MESH_TOLERANCE_MM) {
-	let meshData;
-	try {
-		meshData = mesh(solid, {
-			tolerance: toleranceMm,
-			angularTolerance: IFC_MESH_ANGULAR_TOLERANCE_RAD
-		});
-	} catch (e) {
-		const reason = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e);
+	const prepared = prepareTessellation(solid, toleranceMm);
+	if (!prepared.ok) {
+		const reason = prepared.reason;
 		console.warn(`writeTessellation: mesh() failed, using IfcFacetedBrep fallback: ${reason}`);
 		return writeFacetedBrepFallback(w, geomSubContextId, reason);
 	}
-	const { vertices, triangles } = meshData;
-	if (vertices.length === 0 || triangles.length === 0) {
-		const reason = "mesh() returned an empty triangle set";
-		console.warn(`writeTessellation: ${reason}, using IfcFacetedBrep fallback`);
-		return writeFacetedBrepFallback(w, geomSubContextId, reason);
-	}
-	const coordList = [];
-	for (let i = 0; i + 2 < vertices.length; i += 3) coordList.push([
-		toIfcLengthM(vertices[i] ?? 0),
-		toIfcLengthM(vertices[i + 1] ?? 0),
-		toIfcLengthM(vertices[i + 2] ?? 0)
-	]);
-	const pointListId = w.nextId();
-	w.writeLine({
-		expressID: pointListId,
-		type: WebIFC.IFCCARTESIANPOINTLIST3D,
-		CoordList: coordList.map((pt) => pt.map((v) => w.mkType(WebIFC.IFCLENGTHMEASURE, v))),
-		TagList: null
-	});
-	const coordIndex = [];
-	for (let i = 0; i + 2 < triangles.length; i += 3) coordIndex.push([
-		(triangles[i] ?? 0) + 1,
-		(triangles[i + 1] ?? 0) + 1,
-		(triangles[i + 2] ?? 0) + 1
-	]);
-	const faceSetId = w.nextId();
-	w.writeLine({
-		expressID: faceSetId,
-		type: WebIFC.IFCTRIANGULATEDFACESET,
-		Coordinates: w.ref(pointListId),
-		Normals: null,
-		Closed: w.mkType(WebIFC.IFCBOOLEAN, true),
-		CoordIndex: coordIndex.map((tri) => tri.map((idx) => w.mkType(WebIFC.IFCPOSITIVEINTEGER, idx))),
-		PnIndex: null
-	});
+	const { productDefinitionShapeId } = writePreparedTessellationBody(w, [prepared.value], geomSubContextId);
+	return {
+		productDefinitionShapeId,
+		usedFallback: false
+	};
+}
+function writePreparedTessellationBody(w, items, geomSubContextId) {
+	const bodyItemIds = items.map((item) => writePreparedTessellationItem(w, item));
 	const shapeRepId = w.nextId();
 	w.writeLine({
 		expressID: shapeRepId,
@@ -8349,7 +8518,7 @@ function writeTessellation(w, solid, geomSubContextId, _localPlacementId, tolera
 		ContextOfItems: w.ref(geomSubContextId),
 		RepresentationIdentifier: w.mkType(WebIFC.IFCLABEL, "Body"),
 		RepresentationType: w.mkType(WebIFC.IFCLABEL, "Tessellation"),
-		Items: [w.ref(faceSetId)]
+		Items: bodyItemIds.map((id) => w.ref(id))
 	});
 	const productDefinitionShapeId = w.nextId();
 	w.writeLine({
@@ -8361,9 +8530,55 @@ function writeTessellation(w, solid, geomSubContextId, _localPlacementId, tolera
 	});
 	return {
 		productDefinitionShapeId,
-		usedFallback: false
+		bodyItemIds
+	};
+}
+function writeExactBodyGeometry(w, placement, items, geomSubContextId, parentPlacementId) {
+	const placement3DId = writeAxis2Placement3D(w, [
+		toIfcLengthM(placement.origin[0]),
+		toIfcLengthM(placement.origin[1]),
+		toIfcLengthM(placement.origin[2])
+	], [
+		placement.axisZ[0],
+		placement.axisZ[1],
+		placement.axisZ[2]
+	], [
+		placement.axisX[0],
+		placement.axisX[1],
+		placement.axisX[2]
+	]);
+	const localPlacementId = w.nextId();
+	w.writeLine({
+		expressID: localPlacementId,
+		type: WebIFC.IFCLOCALPLACEMENT,
+		PlacementRelTo: parentPlacementId === null ? null : w.ref(parentPlacementId),
+		RelativePlacement: w.ref(placement3DId)
+	});
+	return {
+		localPlacementId,
+		...writePreparedTessellationBody(w, items, geomSubContextId)
 	};
 }
+function writePreparedTessellationItem(w, prepared) {
+	const pointListId = w.nextId();
+	w.writeLine({
+		expressID: pointListId,
+		type: WebIFC.IFCCARTESIANPOINTLIST3D,
+		CoordList: prepared.coordList.map((point) => point.map((value) => w.mkType(WebIFC.IFCLENGTHMEASURE, value))),
+		TagList: null
+	});
+	const faceSetId = w.nextId();
+	w.writeLine({
+		expressID: faceSetId,
+		type: WebIFC.IFCTRIANGULATEDFACESET,
+		Coordinates: w.ref(pointListId),
+		Normals: null,
+		Closed: w.mkType(WebIFC.IFCBOOLEAN, true),
+		CoordIndex: prepared.coordIndex.map((triangle) => triangle.map((index) => w.mkType(WebIFC.IFCPOSITIVEINTEGER, index))),
+		PnIndex: null
+	});
+	return faceSetId;
+}
 /**
 * Builds a wall 'Axis' IfcShapeRepresentation: an IfcPolyline from (0,0) to
 * (lengthM, 0) in the wall's local XY plane, wrapped in an IfcShapeRepresentation
@@ -9860,22 +10075,22 @@ function writeStairAssembly(w, spec, stairKey, assemblyGuid, ownerHistoryId, geo
 	const flightExpressIds = [];
 	let geometrySimplified = false;
 	for (const [i, flight] of spec.flights.entries()) try {
-		var _usingCtx$2 = _usingCtx();
+		var _usingCtx$3 = _usingCtx();
 		const built = stairFlightToSolid(flight);
 		if (!built.ok) return {
 			ok: false,
 			error: built.error
 		};
-		const flightSolid = _usingCtx$2.u(built.value.solid);
+		const flightSolid = _usingCtx$3.u(built.value.solid);
 		const flightPlacementId = writeLocalPlacement(w, flight.origin, flight.axisZ, flight.axisX, stairPlacementId);
 		const tess = writeTessellation(w, flightSolid, geomSubContextId, flightPlacementId);
 		if (tess.usedFallback) geometrySimplified = true;
 		const flightExpressId = writeStairFlightEntity(w, deriveIfcGuidSync(`elem:STAIR_FLIGHT:${stairKey}:${i}`), `${stairName} Flight ${i + 1}`, flight, ownerHistoryId, flightPlacementId, tess.productDefinitionShapeId);
 		flightExpressIds.push(flightExpressId);
 	} catch (_) {
-		_usingCtx$2.e = _;
+		_usingCtx$3.e = _;
 	} finally {
-		_usingCtx$2.d();
+		_usingCtx$3.d();
 	}
 	writeRelAggregates(w, deriveIfcGuidSync(`rel:AGGREGATES:STAIR:${stairKey}`), ownerHistoryId, assemblyExpressId, flightExpressIds);
 	writeAssemblyType(w, WebIFC.IFCSTAIRTYPE, "Stair Type", deriveIfcGuidSync(`type:STAIR:${stairKey}`), deriveIfcGuidSync(`rel-type:STAIR:${stairKey}`), predefinedType, ownerHistoryId, [assemblyExpressId]);
@@ -11270,6 +11485,14 @@ function writeWallBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, spec, opening
 	pushWeightQuantity(w, qtyIds, netVolumeM3, densityKgM3);
 	writeRelDefinesByProperties(w, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, writeElementQuantity(w, ownerHistoryId, "Qto_WallBaseQuantities", qtyIds));
 }
+function writeExactWallBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, values) {
+	writeRelDefinesByProperties(w, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, writeElementQuantity(w, ownerHistoryId, "Qto_WallBaseQuantities", [
+		writeQtyLength(w, "Length", values.lengthM),
+		writeQtyLength(w, "Width", values.widthM),
+		writeQtyLength(w, "Height", values.heightM),
+		writeQtyVolume(w, "NetVolume", values.netVolumeM3)
+	]));
+}
 function writeSlabCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, slabExpressId, spec) {
 	const values = {};
 	if (spec.isExternal !== void 0) values["IsExternal"] = spec.isExternal;
@@ -13282,457 +13505,580 @@ function checkGeoreferencing(reader) {
 	return [issue("warning", "NO_GEOREFERENCING", "Model contains a facility but no IfcProjectedCRS/IfcGeographicCRS (GRF003) — set ProjectSpec.crs")];
 }
 //#endregion
-//#region src/serialize/toIfc.ts
-async function toIfc(model, meta) {
-	const project = model.getProject();
-	if (!project) return err(ifcError("NO_PROJECT", "BimModel has no project — call model.init() first"));
-	if ((model.getBridges().length > 0 || model.getBridgeParts().length > 0 || model.getEarthworksFills().length > 0) && (meta.ifcSchema ?? "IFC4") !== "IFC4X3") return err(ifcError("IFC4X3_REQUIRED", "Bridge, Bridge Part, and Earthworks Fill entities require IFC4X3 serialization"));
-	const authorName = [meta.author?.givenName, meta.author?.familyName].filter((p) => Boolean(p)).join(" ");
-	const writerResult = await IfcWriter.create(meta.mvdViewDefinition, meta.ifcSchema, {
-		author: authorName,
-		organization: meta.organizationName
-	});
-	if (!writerResult.ok) return writerResult;
-	const w = writerResult.value;
-	w.setModelScope(project.guid);
-	const elements = model.getAllElements();
-	const relationships = model.getAllRelationships();
-	const walls = model.getWalls();
-	const slabs = model.getSlabs();
-	const beams = model.getBeams();
-	const bridges = model.getBridges();
-	const bridgeParts = model.getBridgeParts();
-	const earthworksFills = model.getEarthworksFills();
-	const columns = model.getColumns();
-	const doors = model.getDoors();
-	const windows = model.getWindows();
-	const proxies = model.getProxies();
-	const spaces = model.getSpaces();
-	const roofs = model.getRoofs();
-	const curtainWalls = model.getCurtainWalls();
-	const footings = model.getFootings();
-	const piles = model.getPiles();
-	const stairs = model.getStairs();
-	const ramps = model.getRamps();
-	const railings = model.getRailings();
-	const coverings = model.getCoverings();
-	const assemblies = model.getElementAssemblies();
-	const zones = model.getZones();
-	const systems = model.getSystems();
-	const { ownerHistoryId, geomContextId, geomSubContextId, unitAssignmentId, lengthUnitId } = writeHeader(w, meta);
-	if (project.spec.crs !== void 0) writeMapConversion(w, project.spec.crs, geomContextId, lengthUnitId);
-	const densityByElement = buildDensityMap(relationships);
-	const idMap = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-	const placementMap = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-	const projectExpressId = writeProject$1(w, project.guid, project.spec.name, ownerHistoryId, unitAssignmentId, geomContextId);
-	idMap.set(project.localId, projectExpressId);
-	for (const el of elements) {
-		if (el.category !== "SITE") continue;
-		const parentId = findParentOf(el.localId, relationships);
-		const parentPlacementId = parentId !== null ? placementMap.get(parentId) ?? null : null;
-		const { entityId, placementId } = writeSite(w, el.guid, el.spec, ownerHistoryId, parentPlacementId);
-		idMap.set(el.localId, entityId);
-		placementMap.set(el.localId, placementId);
-	}
-	for (const bridge of bridges) {
-		const parentId = findParentOf(bridge.localId, relationships);
-		const parentPlacementId = parentId !== null ? placementMap.get(parentId) ?? null : null;
-		const { entityId, placementId } = writeBridge(w, bridge.guid, bridge.spec, ownerHistoryId, parentPlacementId);
-		idMap.set(bridge.localId, entityId);
-		placementMap.set(bridge.localId, placementId);
-	}
-	const pendingParts = [...bridgeParts];
-	while (pendingParts.length > 0) {
-		const readyIndex = pendingParts.findIndex((candidate) => {
-			const candidateParentId = findParentOf(candidate.localId, relationships);
-			return candidateParentId === null || placementMap.has(candidateParentId);
-		});
-		const [part] = pendingParts.splice(readyIndex === -1 ? 0 : readyIndex, 1);
-		if (part === void 0) break;
-		const parentId = findParentOf(part.localId, relationships);
-		const parentPlacementId = parentId !== null ? placementMap.get(parentId) ?? null : null;
-		const { entityId, placementId } = writeBridgePart(w, part.guid, part.spec, ownerHistoryId, parentPlacementId);
-		idMap.set(part.localId, entityId);
-		placementMap.set(part.localId, placementId);
-	}
-	for (const el of elements) {
-		if (el.category !== "BUILDING") continue;
-		const parentSiteId = findParentOf(el.localId, relationships);
-		const parentPlacementId = parentSiteId !== null ? placementMap.get(parentSiteId) ?? null : null;
-		const { entityId, placementId } = writeBuilding(w, el.guid, el.spec.name, ownerHistoryId, parentPlacementId);
-		idMap.set(el.localId, entityId);
-		placementMap.set(el.localId, placementId);
-	}
-	for (const el of elements) {
-		if (el.category !== "STOREY") continue;
-		const parentBuildingId = findParentOf(el.localId, relationships);
-		const parentPlacementId = parentBuildingId !== null ? placementMap.get(parentBuildingId) ?? null : null;
-		const { entityId, placementId } = writeStorey(w, el.guid, el.spec.name, el.spec.elevation, ownerHistoryId, parentPlacementId);
-		idMap.set(el.localId, entityId);
-		placementMap.set(el.localId, placementId);
-	}
-	const openingsByWall = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-	for (const rel of relationships) {
-		if (rel.kind !== "VOIDS_WALL") continue;
-		const opening = elements.find((el) => el.localId === rel.openingLocalId);
-		if (opening === void 0 || opening.category !== "OPENING") continue;
-		if (!isWallOpening(opening.spec)) continue;
-		const list = openingsByWall.get(rel.wallLocalId) ?? [];
-		list.push(opening.spec);
-		openingsByWall.set(rel.wallLocalId, list);
-	}
-	const openingsBySlab = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-	for (const rel of relationships) {
-		if (rel.kind !== "VOIDS_SLAB") continue;
-		const opening = elements.find((el) => el.localId === rel.openingLocalId);
-		if (opening === void 0 || opening.category !== "OPENING") continue;
-		if (!isSlabOpening(opening.spec)) continue;
-		const list = openingsBySlab.get(rel.slabLocalId) ?? [];
-		list.push(opening.spec);
-		openingsBySlab.set(rel.slabLocalId, list);
-	}
-	for (const [i, wall] of walls.entries()) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(wall.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeWallGeometry(w, wall.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
-		const wallExpressId = writeWallEntity(w, wall.guid, `Wall ${i + 1}`, ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
-		idMap.set(wall.localId, wallExpressId);
-		placementMap.set(wall.localId, localPlacementId);
-		writeWallCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, wall.spec);
-		writeManufacturerPset(w, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, wall.spec);
-		if (wall.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, wall.spec.customProperties);
-		writeWallBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, wall.spec, openingsByWall.get(wall.localId) ?? [], densityByElement.get(wall.localId));
-	}
-	for (const [i, slab] of slabs.entries()) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(slab.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeSlabGeometry(w, slab.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
-		const slabExpressId = writeSlabEntity(w, slab.guid, `Slab ${i + 1}`, slab.spec.predefinedType, ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
-		idMap.set(slab.localId, slabExpressId);
-		placementMap.set(slab.localId, localPlacementId);
-		writeSlabCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, slabExpressId, slab.spec);
-		writeManufacturerPset(w, ownerHistoryId, slabExpressId, slab.spec);
-		if (slab.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, slabExpressId, slab.spec.customProperties);
-		writeSlabBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, slabExpressId, slab.spec, openingsBySlab.get(slab.localId) ?? [], densityByElement.get(slab.localId));
-	}
-	for (const [i, beam] of beams.entries()) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(beam.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeBeamGeometry(w, beam.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
-		const beamExpressId = writeBeamEntity(w, beam.guid, `Beam ${i + 1}`, beam.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
-		idMap.set(beam.localId, beamExpressId);
-		placementMap.set(beam.localId, localPlacementId);
-		writeBeamCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, beamExpressId, beam.spec);
-		writeManufacturerPset(w, ownerHistoryId, beamExpressId, beam.spec);
-		if (beam.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, beamExpressId, beam.spec.customProperties);
-		writeBeamBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, beamExpressId, beam.spec);
-	}
-	for (const [i, column] of columns.entries()) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(column.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeColumnGeometry(w, column.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
-		const columnExpressId = writeColumnEntity(w, column.guid, `Column ${i + 1}`, column.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
-		idMap.set(column.localId, columnExpressId);
-		placementMap.set(column.localId, localPlacementId);
-		writeColumnCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, columnExpressId, column.spec);
-		writeManufacturerPset(w, ownerHistoryId, columnExpressId, column.spec);
-		if (column.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, columnExpressId, column.spec.customProperties);
-		writeColumnBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, columnExpressId, column.spec);
-	}
-	for (const [i, proxy] of proxies.entries()) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(proxy.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeProxyGeometry(w, proxy.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
-		const proxyExpressId = writeProxyEntity(w, proxy.guid, proxy.spec.name || `Proxy ${i + 1}`, proxy.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
-		idMap.set(proxy.localId, proxyExpressId);
-		placementMap.set(proxy.localId, localPlacementId);
-		if (proxy.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, proxyExpressId, proxy.spec.customProperties);
-	}
-	for (const fill of earthworksFills) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(fill.localId, relationships);
-		const parentPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeTessellatedProductGeometry(w, fill.geometry, geomSubContextId, parentPlacementId);
-		const expressId = writeEarthworksFillEntity(w, fill.guid, fill.spec, ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
-		idMap.set(fill.localId, expressId);
-		placementMap.set(fill.localId, localPlacementId);
-		if (fill.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, expressId, fill.spec.customProperties);
-	}
-	for (const [i, space] of spaces.entries()) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(space.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeSpaceGeometry(w, space.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
-		const spaceExpressId = writeSpaceEntity(w, space.guid, space.spec.name || `Space ${i + 1}`, space.spec.longName ?? null, space.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
-		idMap.set(space.localId, spaceExpressId);
-		placementMap.set(space.localId, localPlacementId);
-		writeSpaceCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, spaceExpressId, space.spec);
-		if (space.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, spaceExpressId, space.spec.customProperties);
-		writeSpaceBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, spaceExpressId, space.spec);
-	}
-	for (const [i, roof] of roofs.entries()) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(roof.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId, usedFallback } = writeRoofGeometry(w, roof.spec, roof.geometry, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
-		if (usedFallback) console.warn(`Roof ${i + 1} tessellation failed; IFC body is a degenerate fallback.`);
-		const roofExpressId = writeRoofEntity(w, roof.guid, `Roof ${i + 1}`, roof.spec.predefinedType, ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
-		idMap.set(roof.localId, roofExpressId);
-		placementMap.set(roof.localId, localPlacementId);
-		writeRoofCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, roofExpressId, roof.spec);
-		writeManufacturerPset(w, ownerHistoryId, roofExpressId, roof.spec);
-		if (roof.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, roofExpressId, roof.spec.customProperties);
-		writeRoofBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, roofExpressId, roof.spec);
-	}
-	for (const [i, curtainWall] of curtainWalls.entries()) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(curtainWall.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const { curtainWallId } = writeCurtainWall(w, curtainWall.spec, curtainWall.geometry, `elem:CURTAIN_WALL:${curtainWall.localId}`, `Curtain Wall ${i + 1}`, ownerHistoryId, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
-		idMap.set(curtainWall.localId, curtainWallId);
-		writeCurtainWallCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, curtainWallId, curtainWall.spec);
-		if (curtainWall.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, curtainWallId, curtainWall.spec.customProperties);
-	}
-	for (const [i, footing] of footings.entries()) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(footing.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeFootingGeometry(w, footing.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
-		const footingExpressId = writeFootingEntity(w, footing.guid, `Footing ${i + 1}`, footing.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
-		idMap.set(footing.localId, footingExpressId);
-		placementMap.set(footing.localId, localPlacementId);
-		writeFootingCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, footingExpressId, footing.spec);
-		if (footing.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, footingExpressId, footing.spec.customProperties);
-		writeFootingBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, footingExpressId, footing.spec);
-	}
-	for (const [i, pile] of piles.entries()) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(pile.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writePileGeometry(w, pile.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
-		const pileExpressId = writePileEntity(w, pile.guid, `Pile ${i + 1}`, pile.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", pile.spec.constructionType ?? null, ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
-		idMap.set(pile.localId, pileExpressId);
-		placementMap.set(pile.localId, localPlacementId);
-		writePileCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, pileExpressId, pile.spec);
-		if (pile.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, pileExpressId, pile.spec.customProperties);
-		writePileBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, pileExpressId, pile.spec);
-	}
-	for (const [i, assembly] of assemblies.entries()) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(assembly.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const assemblyExpressId = writeElementAssemblyEntity(w, assembly.guid, assembly.spec.name ?? `Assembly ${i + 1}`, assembly.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, storeyPlacementId, null, assembly.spec.assemblyPlace ?? "NOTDEFINED");
-		idMap.set(assembly.localId, assemblyExpressId);
-	}
-	for (const zone of zones) {
-		const zoneExpressId = writeZoneEntity(w, zone.guid, zone.spec.name, zone.spec.longName ?? null, zone.spec.objectType ?? null, ownerHistoryId);
-		idMap.set(zone.localId, zoneExpressId);
-	}
-	for (const system of systems) {
-		const systemExpressId = writeSystemEntity(w, system.guid, system.spec.name, system.spec.longName ?? null, system.spec.objectType ?? null, ownerHistoryId);
-		idMap.set(system.localId, systemExpressId);
-	}
-	for (const stair of stairs) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(stair.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const result = writeStairAssembly(w, stair.spec, `${stair.localId}`, stair.guid, ownerHistoryId, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
-		if (!result.ok) return err(result.error);
-		idMap.set(stair.localId, result.value.assemblyExpressId);
-		writeStairCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, result.value.assemblyExpressId, stair.spec);
-	}
-	for (const ramp of ramps) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(ramp.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const result = writeRampAssembly(w, ramp.spec, `${ramp.localId}`, ramp.guid, ownerHistoryId, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
-		if (!result.ok) return err(result.error);
-		idMap.set(ramp.localId, result.value.assemblyExpressId);
-		writeRampCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, result.value.assemblyExpressId, ramp.spec);
-	}
-	for (const [i, railing] of railings.entries()) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(railing.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId, bodyItemId, usedFallback } = writeRailingGeometry(w, railing.spec, railing.geometry, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
-		if (usedFallback) console.warn(`Railing ${i + 1} tessellation failed; IFC body is a degenerate fallback.`);
-		const railingExpressId = writeRailingEntity(w, railing.guid, `Railing ${i + 1}`, railing.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
-		idMap.set(railing.localId, railingExpressId);
-		placementMap.set(railing.localId, localPlacementId);
-		writeRailingCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, railingExpressId, railing.spec);
-		writeManufacturerPset(w, ownerHistoryId, railingExpressId, railing.spec);
-		if (railing.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, railingExpressId, railing.spec.customProperties);
-		if (bodyItemId !== null) applySurfaceStyle(w, model, railing.localId, bodyItemId);
-	}
-	for (const [i, covering] of coverings.entries()) {
-		const containingId = findContainerOf(covering.localId, relationships);
-		const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
-		const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId, bodyItemId } = writeCoveringGeometry(w, covering.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
-		const coveringExpressId = writeCoveringEntity(w, covering.guid, `Covering ${i + 1}`, covering.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
-		idMap.set(covering.localId, coveringExpressId);
-		placementMap.set(covering.localId, localPlacementId);
-		writeCoveringCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, coveringExpressId, covering.spec);
-		writeManufacturerPset(w, ownerHistoryId, coveringExpressId, covering.spec);
-		if (covering.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, coveringExpressId, covering.spec.customProperties);
-		applySurfaceStyle(w, model, covering.localId, bodyItemId);
-	}
-	const openingPlacementMap = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-	const openingEntityMap = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-	for (const rel of relationships) {
-		if (rel.kind !== "VOIDS_WALL") continue;
-		const wallElement = elements.find((el) => el.category === "WALL" && el.localId === rel.wallLocalId);
-		if (wallElement === void 0) continue;
-		const wallExpressId = idMap.get(rel.wallLocalId);
-		const wallPlacementId = placementMap.get(rel.wallLocalId);
-		if (wallExpressId === void 0 || wallPlacementId === void 0) continue;
-		const openingElement = elements.find((el) => el.localId === rel.openingLocalId);
-		if (openingElement === void 0 || openingElement.category !== "OPENING") continue;
-		if (!isWallOpening(openingElement.spec)) continue;
-		const { openingEntityId, openingPlacementId } = writeOpeningGeometry(w, openingElement.guid, openingElement.spec, wallElement.spec, wallPlacementId, geomSubContextId, ownerHistoryId);
-		idMap.set(rel.openingLocalId, openingEntityId);
-		openingPlacementMap.set(rel.openingLocalId, openingPlacementId);
-		openingEntityMap.set(rel.openingLocalId, openingEntityId);
-		writeRelVoidsElement(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, openingEntityId);
-	}
-	for (const rel of relationships) {
-		if (rel.kind !== "VOIDS_SLAB") continue;
-		const slabElement = elements.find((el) => el.category === "SLAB" && el.localId === rel.slabLocalId);
-		if (slabElement === void 0) continue;
-		const slabExpressId = idMap.get(rel.slabLocalId);
-		const slabPlacementId = placementMap.get(rel.slabLocalId);
-		if (slabExpressId === void 0 || slabPlacementId === void 0) continue;
-		const openingElement = elements.find((el) => el.localId === rel.openingLocalId);
-		if (openingElement === void 0 || openingElement.category !== "OPENING") continue;
-		if (!isSlabOpening(openingElement.spec)) continue;
-		const { openingEntityId } = writeSlabOpeningGeometry(w, openingElement.guid, openingElement.spec, slabElement.spec, slabPlacementId, geomSubContextId, ownerHistoryId);
-		idMap.set(rel.openingLocalId, openingEntityId);
-		writeRelVoidsElement(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, slabExpressId, openingEntityId);
-	}
-	for (const [i, door] of doors.entries()) {
-		const fillsRel = relationships.find((rel) => rel.kind === "FILLS_OPENING" && rel.fillerLocalId === door.localId);
-		if (fillsRel === void 0 || fillsRel.kind !== "FILLS_OPENING") continue;
-		const openingPlacementId = openingPlacementMap.get(fillsRel.openingLocalId);
-		const openingEntityId = openingEntityMap.get(fillsRel.openingLocalId);
-		if (openingPlacementId === void 0 || openingEntityId === void 0) continue;
-		const doorExpressId = writeDoorEntity(w, door.guid, `Door ${i + 1}`, ownerHistoryId, openingPlacementId, geomSubContextId, toIfcLengthM(door.spec.width), toIfcLengthM(door.spec.height));
-		idMap.set(door.localId, doorExpressId);
-		writeRelFillsElement(w, fillsRel.guid, ownerHistoryId, openingEntityId, doorExpressId);
-		writeDoorCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, doorExpressId, door.spec);
-	}
-	for (const [i, win] of windows.entries()) {
-		const fillsRel = relationships.find((rel) => rel.kind === "FILLS_OPENING" && rel.fillerLocalId === win.localId);
-		if (fillsRel === void 0 || fillsRel.kind !== "FILLS_OPENING") continue;
-		const openingPlacementId = openingPlacementMap.get(fillsRel.openingLocalId);
-		const openingEntityId = openingEntityMap.get(fillsRel.openingLocalId);
-		if (openingPlacementId === void 0 || openingEntityId === void 0) continue;
-		const windowExpressId = writeWindowEntity(w, win.guid, `Window ${i + 1}`, ownerHistoryId, openingPlacementId, geomSubContextId, toIfcLengthM(win.spec.width), toIfcLengthM(win.spec.height));
-		idMap.set(win.localId, windowExpressId);
-		writeRelFillsElement(w, fillsRel.guid, ownerHistoryId, openingEntityId, windowExpressId);
-		writeWindowCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, windowExpressId, win.spec);
-	}
-	for (const rel of relationships) {
-		if (rel.kind !== "AGGREGATES") continue;
-		const parentExpressId = idMap.get(rel.relatingObject);
-		const childExpressIds = rel.relatedObjects.map((id) => idMap.get(id)).filter((id) => id !== void 0);
-		if (parentExpressId === void 0 || childExpressIds.length === 0) continue;
-		writeRelAggregates(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, parentExpressId, childExpressIds);
-	}
-	for (const rel of relationships) {
-		if (rel.kind !== "CONTAINED_IN") continue;
-		const structureExpressId = idMap.get(rel.relatingStructure);
-		const elementExpressIds = rel.relatedElements.map((id) => idMap.get(id)).filter((id) => id !== void 0);
-		if (structureExpressId === void 0 || elementExpressIds.length === 0) continue;
-		writeRelContainedInSpatialStructure(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, structureExpressId, elementExpressIds);
-	}
-	for (const rel of relationships) {
-		if (rel.kind !== "SPACE_BOUNDARY") continue;
-		const spaceExpressId = idMap.get(rel.spaceLocalId);
-		const elementExpressId = idMap.get(rel.elementLocalId);
-		if (spaceExpressId === void 0 || elementExpressId === void 0) continue;
-		writeRelSpaceBoundary(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, spaceExpressId, elementExpressId, rel.connectionType);
-	}
-	for (const rel of relationships) {
-		if (rel.kind !== "NESTS") continue;
-		const parentExpressId = idMap.get(rel.relatingObject);
-		const childExpressIds = rel.relatedObjects.map((id) => idMap.get(id)).filter((id) => id !== void 0);
-		if (parentExpressId === void 0 || childExpressIds.length === 0) continue;
-		writeRelNests(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, parentExpressId, childExpressIds);
-	}
-	for (const rel of relationships) {
-		if (rel.kind !== "COVERS_ELEMENT") continue;
-		const hostExpressId = idMap.get(rel.hostLocalId);
-		const coveringExpressId = idMap.get(rel.coveringLocalId);
-		if (hostExpressId === void 0 || coveringExpressId === void 0) continue;
-		writeRelCoversBldgElements(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, hostExpressId, [coveringExpressId]);
+//#region src/serialize/exactBodyPreflight.ts
+var testItemPreparer = null;
+/** Prepares every exact Body item without writing IFC lines. Source solids remain borrowed. */
+function preflightExactBody(input) {
+	const prepareItem = input.prepareItem ?? testItemPreparer ?? prepareTessellation;
+	const prepareAt = (solid, itemIndex) => {
+		const item = prepareItem(solid);
+		if (!item.ok) return err(ifcError("EXACT_BODY_TESSELLATION_FAILED", `Exact Product Body item ${itemIndex} for ${input.localId} could not be tessellated: ${item.reason}`, item.cause, {
+			localId: input.localId,
+			itemIndex
+		}));
+		return ok(item.value);
+	};
+	const [firstSolid, ...remainingSolids] = input.solids;
+	const first = prepareAt(firstSolid, 0);
+	if (!first.ok) return first;
+	const remainingPrepared = [];
+	for (const [remainingIndex, solid] of remainingSolids.entries()) {
+		const item = prepareAt(solid, remainingIndex + 1);
+		if (!item.ok) return item;
+		remainingPrepared.push(item.value);
 	}
-	for (const rel of relationships) {
-		if (rel.kind !== "ASSIGNS_TO_GROUP") continue;
-		const groupExpressId = idMap.get(rel.groupLocalId);
-		const memberExpressIds = rel.memberLocalIds.map((id) => idMap.get(id)).filter((id) => id !== void 0);
-		if (groupExpressId === void 0 || memberExpressIds.length === 0) continue;
-		writeRelAssignsToGroup(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, groupExpressId, memberExpressIds);
+	return ok([first.value, ...remainingPrepared]);
+}
+//#endregion
+//#region src/serialize/exactWallQuantities.ts
+function deriveExactWallQuantities(input) {
+	const measure = input.dependencies?.measure ?? measureVolume;
+	let volumeMm3;
+	if (input.solids.length === 1) try {
+		const measured = measure(input.solids[0]);
+		if (!measured.ok) return exactVolumeError(measured.error);
+		volumeMm3 = measured.value;
+	} catch (cause) {
+		return exactVolumeError(cause);
 	}
-	for (const rel of relationships) {
-		if (rel.kind !== "CONNECTS_ELEMENTS") continue;
-		const relatingExpressId = idMap.get(rel.relatingElementLocalId);
-		const relatedExpressId = idMap.get(rel.relatedElementLocalId);
-		if (relatingExpressId === void 0 || relatedExpressId === void 0) continue;
-		writeRelConnectsElements(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, relatingExpressId, relatedExpressId, rel.description ?? null);
+	else {
+		const fuse = input.dependencies?.fuse ?? fuseAll;
+		let union = null;
+		try {
+			const fused = fuse([...input.solids]);
+			if (!fused.ok) return exactVolumeError(fused.error);
+			union = fused.value;
+			const measured = measure(union);
+			if (!measured.ok) return exactVolumeError(measured.error);
+			volumeMm3 = measured.value;
+		} catch (cause) {
+			return exactVolumeError(cause);
+		} finally {
+			union?.[Symbol.dispose]();
+		}
 	}
-	for (const rel of relationships) {
-		if (rel.kind !== "CONNECTS_PATH_ELEMENTS") continue;
-		const relatingExpressId = idMap.get(rel.relatingElementLocalId);
-		const relatedExpressId = idMap.get(rel.relatedElementLocalId);
-		if (relatingExpressId === void 0 || relatedExpressId === void 0) continue;
-		writeRelConnectsPathElements(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, relatingExpressId, relatedExpressId, rel.relatingConnectionType, rel.relatedConnectionType, rel.description ?? null);
-	}
-	const bySimpleMaterial = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-	const layeredAssociations = [];
-	const categoryById = new Map(elements.map((e) => [e.localId, e.category]));
-	for (const rel of relationships) {
-		if (rel.kind !== "ASSOCIATES_MATERIAL") continue;
-		const objectExpressIds = rel.relatedObjects.map((id) => idMap.get(id)).filter((id) => id !== void 0);
-		if (objectExpressIds.length === 0) continue;
-		if (rel.materialLayers !== void 0 && rel.materialLayers.length > 0) {
-			const firstObj = rel.relatedObjects[0];
-			const hostCat = firstObj !== void 0 ? categoryById.get(firstObj) : void 0;
-			const direction = hostCat === "SLAB" || hostCat === "ROOF" || hostCat === "COVERING" ? "AXIS3" : "AXIS2";
-			layeredAssociations.push({
-				guid: rel.guid,
-				layerSetName: rel.layerSetName ?? rel.materialName,
-				layers: rel.materialLayers,
-				ids: objectExpressIds,
-				direction
+	if (!Number.isFinite(volumeMm3) || volumeMm3 <= 0) return exactVolumeError(/* @__PURE__ */ new Error(`Measured exact wall volume was ${volumeMm3}`));
+	return ok({
+		lengthM: toIfcLengthM(input.spec.length),
+		widthM: toIfcLengthM(input.spec.thickness),
+		heightM: toIfcLengthM(input.spec.height),
+		netVolumeM3: volumeMm3 / 1e9
+	});
+}
+function exactVolumeError(cause) {
+	return err(ifcError("IFC_EXACT_WALL_QUANTITY_DERIVATION_FAILED", "Failed to derive a positive finite NetVolume for an exact wall Product Body", cause));
+}
+//#endregion
+//#region src/serialize/toIfc.ts
+function preflightProductBodies(elements) {
+	const preflighted = [];
+	for (const element of elements) {
+		const body = element.geometry;
+		if (body.kind === "PARAMETRIC") {
+			preflighted.push({
+				kind: "PARAMETRIC",
+				element,
+				solid: body.solid
 			});
 			continue;
 		}
-		const existing = bySimpleMaterial.get(rel.materialName);
-		if (existing !== void 0) bySimpleMaterial.set(rel.materialName, {
-			guid: existing.guid,
-			ids: [...existing.ids, ...objectExpressIds]
+		const prepared = preflightExactBody({
+			localId: element.localId,
+			solids: body.solids
 		});
-		else bySimpleMaterial.set(rel.materialName, {
-			guid: rel.guid,
-			ids: objectExpressIds
+		if (!prepared.ok) return err(prepared.error);
+		preflighted.push({
+			kind: "EXACT",
+			element,
+			solids: body.solids,
+			items: prepared.value
 		});
 	}
-	for (const [materialName, { guid, ids }] of bySimpleMaterial) {
-		if (ids.length === 0) continue;
-		writeMaterialSimple(w, guid, ownerHistoryId, materialName, ids);
-	}
-	for (const assoc of layeredAssociations) writeMaterialLayerSet(w, assoc.guid, ownerHistoryId, {
-		kind: "LAYER_SET",
-		layerSetName: assoc.layerSetName,
-		layers: assoc.layers
-	}, assoc.ids, assoc.direction);
-	const classByKey = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-	for (const rel of relationships) {
-		if (rel.kind !== "ASSOCIATES_CLASSIFICATION") continue;
-		const objectExpressIds = rel.relatedObjects.map((id) => idMap.get(id)).filter((id) => id !== void 0);
-		if (objectExpressIds.length === 0) continue;
-		const key = `${rel.ref.system}:${rel.ref.code}`;
-		const entry = classByKey.get(key);
-		if (entry === void 0) classByKey.set(key, {
-			ref: rel.ref,
-			ids: [...objectExpressIds]
+	return ok(preflighted);
+}
+async function toIfc(model, meta) {
+	try {
+		var _usingCtx$2 = _usingCtx();
+		const project = model.getProject();
+		if (!project) return err(ifcError("NO_PROJECT", "BimModel has no project — call model.init() first"));
+		if ((model.getBridges().length > 0 || model.getBridgeParts().length > 0 || model.getEarthworksFills().length > 0) && (meta.ifcSchema ?? "IFC4") !== "IFC4X3") return err(ifcError("IFC4X3_REQUIRED", "Bridge, Bridge Part, and Earthworks Fill entities require IFC4X3 serialization"));
+		const authorName = [meta.author?.givenName, meta.author?.familyName].filter((p) => Boolean(p)).join(" ");
+		const writerResult = await IfcWriter.create(meta.mvdViewDefinition, meta.ifcSchema, {
+			author: authorName,
+			organization: meta.organizationName
 		});
-		else entry.ids.push(...objectExpressIds);
+		if (!writerResult.ok) return writerResult;
+		const w = _usingCtx$2.u(writerResult.value);
+		w.setModelScope(project.guid);
+		const elements = model.getAllElements();
+		const relationships = model.getAllRelationships();
+		const walls = model.getWalls();
+		const slabs = model.getSlabs();
+		const beams = model.getBeams();
+		const bridges = model.getBridges();
+		const bridgeParts = model.getBridgeParts();
+		const earthworksFills = model.getEarthworksFills();
+		const columns = model.getColumns();
+		const doors = model.getDoors();
+		const windows = model.getWindows();
+		const proxies = model.getProxies();
+		const spaces = model.getSpaces();
+		const roofs = model.getRoofs();
+		const curtainWalls = model.getCurtainWalls();
+		const footings = model.getFootings();
+		const piles = model.getPiles();
+		const stairs = model.getStairs();
+		const ramps = model.getRamps();
+		const railings = model.getRailings();
+		const coverings = model.getCoverings();
+		const assemblies = model.getElementAssemblies();
+		const zones = model.getZones();
+		const systems = model.getSystems();
+		const preflightedWallsResult = preflightProductBodies(walls);
+		if (!preflightedWallsResult.ok) return err(preflightedWallsResult.error);
+		const preflightedRailingsResult = preflightProductBodies(railings);
+		if (!preflightedRailingsResult.ok) return err(preflightedRailingsResult.error);
+		const preflightedWalls = preflightedWallsResult.value;
+		const preflightedRailings = preflightedRailingsResult.value;
+		const { ownerHistoryId, geomContextId, geomSubContextId, unitAssignmentId, lengthUnitId } = writeHeader(w, meta);
+		if (project.spec.crs !== void 0) writeMapConversion(w, project.spec.crs, geomContextId, lengthUnitId);
+		const densityByElement = buildDensityMap(relationships);
+		const idMap = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+		const placementMap = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+		const projectExpressId = writeProject$1(w, project.guid, project.spec.name, ownerHistoryId, unitAssignmentId, geomContextId);
+		idMap.set(project.localId, projectExpressId);
+		for (const el of elements) {
+			if (el.category !== "SITE") continue;
+			const parentId = findParentOf(el.localId, relationships);
+			const parentPlacementId = parentId !== null ? placementMap.get(parentId) ?? null : null;
+			const { entityId, placementId } = writeSite(w, el.guid, el.spec, ownerHistoryId, parentPlacementId);
+			idMap.set(el.localId, entityId);
+			placementMap.set(el.localId, placementId);
+		}
+		for (const bridge of bridges) {
+			const parentId = findParentOf(bridge.localId, relationships);
+			const parentPlacementId = parentId !== null ? placementMap.get(parentId) ?? null : null;
+			const { entityId, placementId } = writeBridge(w, bridge.guid, bridge.spec, ownerHistoryId, parentPlacementId);
+			idMap.set(bridge.localId, entityId);
+			placementMap.set(bridge.localId, placementId);
+		}
+		const pendingParts = [...bridgeParts];
+		while (pendingParts.length > 0) {
+			const readyIndex = pendingParts.findIndex((candidate) => {
+				const candidateParentId = findParentOf(candidate.localId, relationships);
+				return candidateParentId === null || placementMap.has(candidateParentId);
+			});
+			const [part] = pendingParts.splice(readyIndex === -1 ? 0 : readyIndex, 1);
+			if (part === void 0) break;
+			const parentId = findParentOf(part.localId, relationships);
+			const parentPlacementId = parentId !== null ? placementMap.get(parentId) ?? null : null;
+			const { entityId, placementId } = writeBridgePart(w, part.guid, part.spec, ownerHistoryId, parentPlacementId);
+			idMap.set(part.localId, entityId);
+			placementMap.set(part.localId, placementId);
+		}
+		for (const el of elements) {
+			if (el.category !== "BUILDING") continue;
+			const parentSiteId = findParentOf(el.localId, relationships);
+			const parentPlacementId = parentSiteId !== null ? placementMap.get(parentSiteId) ?? null : null;
+			const { entityId, placementId } = writeBuilding(w, el.guid, el.spec.name, ownerHistoryId, parentPlacementId);
+			idMap.set(el.localId, entityId);
+			placementMap.set(el.localId, placementId);
+		}
+		for (const el of elements) {
+			if (el.category !== "STOREY") continue;
+			const parentBuildingId = findParentOf(el.localId, relationships);
+			const parentPlacementId = parentBuildingId !== null ? placementMap.get(parentBuildingId) ?? null : null;
+			const { entityId, placementId } = writeStorey(w, el.guid, el.spec.name, el.spec.elevation, ownerHistoryId, parentPlacementId);
+			idMap.set(el.localId, entityId);
+			placementMap.set(el.localId, placementId);
+		}
+		const openingsByWall = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+		for (const rel of relationships) {
+			if (rel.kind !== "VOIDS_WALL") continue;
+			const opening = elements.find((el) => el.localId === rel.openingLocalId);
+			if (opening === void 0 || opening.category !== "OPENING") continue;
+			if (!isWallOpening(opening.spec)) continue;
+			const list = openingsByWall.get(rel.wallLocalId) ?? [];
+			list.push(opening.spec);
+			openingsByWall.set(rel.wallLocalId, list);
+		}
+		const openingsBySlab = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+		for (const rel of relationships) {
+			if (rel.kind !== "VOIDS_SLAB") continue;
+			const opening = elements.find((el) => el.localId === rel.openingLocalId);
+			if (opening === void 0 || opening.category !== "OPENING") continue;
+			if (!isSlabOpening(opening.spec)) continue;
+			const list = openingsBySlab.get(rel.slabLocalId) ?? [];
+			list.push(opening.spec);
+			openingsBySlab.set(rel.slabLocalId, list);
+		}
+		for (const [i, preflighted] of preflightedWalls.entries()) {
+			const wall = preflighted.element;
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(wall.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const exactQuantities = preflighted.kind === "EXACT" ? deriveExactWallQuantities({
+				spec: wall.spec,
+				solids: preflighted.solids
+			}) : null;
+			const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = preflighted.kind === "EXACT" ? writeExactBodyGeometry(w, wall.spec, preflighted.items, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId) : writeWallGeometry(w, wall.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+			const wallExpressId = writeWallEntity(w, wall.guid, `Wall ${i + 1}`, ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
+			idMap.set(wall.localId, wallExpressId);
+			placementMap.set(wall.localId, localPlacementId);
+			writeWallCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, wall.spec);
+			writeManufacturerPset(w, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, wall.spec);
+			if (wall.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, wall.spec.customProperties);
+			if (preflighted.kind === "EXACT") {
+				if (exactQuantities !== null && exactQuantities.ok) writeExactWallBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, exactQuantities.value);
+			} else writeWallBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, wall.spec, openingsByWall.get(wall.localId) ?? [], densityByElement.get(wall.localId));
+		}
+		for (const [i, slab] of slabs.entries()) {
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(slab.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeSlabGeometry(w, slab.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+			const slabExpressId = writeSlabEntity(w, slab.guid, `Slab ${i + 1}`, slab.spec.predefinedType, ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
+			idMap.set(slab.localId, slabExpressId);
+			placementMap.set(slab.localId, localPlacementId);
+			writeSlabCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, slabExpressId, slab.spec);
+			writeManufacturerPset(w, ownerHistoryId, slabExpressId, slab.spec);
+			if (slab.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, slabExpressId, slab.spec.customProperties);
+			writeSlabBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, slabExpressId, slab.spec, openingsBySlab.get(slab.localId) ?? [], densityByElement.get(slab.localId));
+		}
+		for (const [i, beam] of beams.entries()) {
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(beam.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeBeamGeometry(w, beam.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+			const beamExpressId = writeBeamEntity(w, beam.guid, `Beam ${i + 1}`, beam.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
+			idMap.set(beam.localId, beamExpressId);
+			placementMap.set(beam.localId, localPlacementId);
+			writeBeamCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, beamExpressId, beam.spec);
+			writeManufacturerPset(w, ownerHistoryId, beamExpressId, beam.spec);
+			if (beam.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, beamExpressId, beam.spec.customProperties);
+			writeBeamBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, beamExpressId, beam.spec);
+		}
+		for (const [i, column] of columns.entries()) {
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(column.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeColumnGeometry(w, column.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+			const columnExpressId = writeColumnEntity(w, column.guid, `Column ${i + 1}`, column.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
+			idMap.set(column.localId, columnExpressId);
+			placementMap.set(column.localId, localPlacementId);
+			writeColumnCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, columnExpressId, column.spec);
+			writeManufacturerPset(w, ownerHistoryId, columnExpressId, column.spec);
+			if (column.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, columnExpressId, column.spec.customProperties);
+			writeColumnBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, columnExpressId, column.spec);
+		}
+		for (const [i, proxy] of proxies.entries()) {
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(proxy.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeProxyGeometry(w, proxy.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+			const proxyExpressId = writeProxyEntity(w, proxy.guid, proxy.spec.name || `Proxy ${i + 1}`, proxy.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
+			idMap.set(proxy.localId, proxyExpressId);
+			placementMap.set(proxy.localId, localPlacementId);
+			if (proxy.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, proxyExpressId, proxy.spec.customProperties);
+		}
+		for (const fill of earthworksFills) {
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(fill.localId, relationships);
+			const parentPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeTessellatedProductGeometry(w, fill.geometry, geomSubContextId, parentPlacementId);
+			const expressId = writeEarthworksFillEntity(w, fill.guid, fill.spec, ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
+			idMap.set(fill.localId, expressId);
+			placementMap.set(fill.localId, localPlacementId);
+			if (fill.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, expressId, fill.spec.customProperties);
+		}
+		for (const [i, space] of spaces.entries()) {
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(space.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeSpaceGeometry(w, space.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+			const spaceExpressId = writeSpaceEntity(w, space.guid, space.spec.name || `Space ${i + 1}`, space.spec.longName ?? null, space.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
+			idMap.set(space.localId, spaceExpressId);
+			placementMap.set(space.localId, localPlacementId);
+			writeSpaceCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, spaceExpressId, space.spec);
+			if (space.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, spaceExpressId, space.spec.customProperties);
+			writeSpaceBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, spaceExpressId, space.spec);
+		}
+		for (const [i, roof] of roofs.entries()) {
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(roof.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId, usedFallback } = writeRoofGeometry(w, roof.spec, roof.geometry, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+			if (usedFallback) console.warn(`Roof ${i + 1} tessellation failed; IFC body is a degenerate fallback.`);
+			const roofExpressId = writeRoofEntity(w, roof.guid, `Roof ${i + 1}`, roof.spec.predefinedType, ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
+			idMap.set(roof.localId, roofExpressId);
+			placementMap.set(roof.localId, localPlacementId);
+			writeRoofCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, roofExpressId, roof.spec);
+			writeManufacturerPset(w, ownerHistoryId, roofExpressId, roof.spec);
+			if (roof.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, roofExpressId, roof.spec.customProperties);
+			writeRoofBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, roofExpressId, roof.spec);
+		}
+		for (const [i, curtainWall] of curtainWalls.entries()) {
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(curtainWall.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const { curtainWallId } = writeCurtainWall(w, curtainWall.spec, curtainWall.geometry, `elem:CURTAIN_WALL:${curtainWall.localId}`, `Curtain Wall ${i + 1}`, ownerHistoryId, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+			idMap.set(curtainWall.localId, curtainWallId);
+			writeCurtainWallCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, curtainWallId, curtainWall.spec);
+			if (curtainWall.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, curtainWallId, curtainWall.spec.customProperties);
+		}
+		for (const [i, footing] of footings.entries()) {
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(footing.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writeFootingGeometry(w, footing.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+			const footingExpressId = writeFootingEntity(w, footing.guid, `Footing ${i + 1}`, footing.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
+			idMap.set(footing.localId, footingExpressId);
+			placementMap.set(footing.localId, localPlacementId);
+			writeFootingCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, footingExpressId, footing.spec);
+			if (footing.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, footingExpressId, footing.spec.customProperties);
+			writeFootingBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, footingExpressId, footing.spec);
+		}
+		for (const [i, pile] of piles.entries()) {
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(pile.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId } = writePileGeometry(w, pile.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+			const pileExpressId = writePileEntity(w, pile.guid, `Pile ${i + 1}`, pile.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", pile.spec.constructionType ?? null, ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
+			idMap.set(pile.localId, pileExpressId);
+			placementMap.set(pile.localId, localPlacementId);
+			writePileCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, pileExpressId, pile.spec);
+			if (pile.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, pileExpressId, pile.spec.customProperties);
+			writePileBaseQuantities(w, ownerHistoryId, pileExpressId, pile.spec);
+		}
+		for (const [i, assembly] of assemblies.entries()) {
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(assembly.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const assemblyExpressId = writeElementAssemblyEntity(w, assembly.guid, assembly.spec.name ?? `Assembly ${i + 1}`, assembly.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, storeyPlacementId, null, assembly.spec.assemblyPlace ?? "NOTDEFINED");
+			idMap.set(assembly.localId, assemblyExpressId);
+		}
+		for (const zone of zones) {
+			const zoneExpressId = writeZoneEntity(w, zone.guid, zone.spec.name, zone.spec.longName ?? null, zone.spec.objectType ?? null, ownerHistoryId);
+			idMap.set(zone.localId, zoneExpressId);
+		}
+		for (const system of systems) {
+			const systemExpressId = writeSystemEntity(w, system.guid, system.spec.name, system.spec.longName ?? null, system.spec.objectType ?? null, ownerHistoryId);
+			idMap.set(system.localId, systemExpressId);
+		}
+		for (const stair of stairs) {
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(stair.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const result = writeStairAssembly(w, stair.spec, `${stair.localId}`, stair.guid, ownerHistoryId, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+			if (!result.ok) return err(result.error);
+			idMap.set(stair.localId, result.value.assemblyExpressId);
+			writeStairCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, result.value.assemblyExpressId, stair.spec);
+		}
+		for (const ramp of ramps) {
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(ramp.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const result = writeRampAssembly(w, ramp.spec, `${ramp.localId}`, ramp.guid, ownerHistoryId, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+			if (!result.ok) return err(result.error);
+			idMap.set(ramp.localId, result.value.assemblyExpressId);
+			writeRampCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, result.value.assemblyExpressId, ramp.spec);
+		}
+		for (const [i, preflighted] of preflightedRailings.entries()) {
+			const railing = preflighted.element;
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(railing.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			let representation;
+			let exactBodyItemIds = [];
+			if (preflighted.kind === "EXACT") {
+				const exact = writeExactBodyGeometry(w, railing.spec, preflighted.items, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+				exactBodyItemIds = exact.bodyItemIds;
+				representation = {
+					...exact,
+					bodyItemId: null,
+					usedFallback: false
+				};
+			} else representation = writeRailingGeometry(w, railing.spec, preflighted.solid, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+			const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId, bodyItemId, usedFallback } = representation;
+			if (usedFallback) console.warn(`Railing ${i + 1} tessellation failed; IFC body is a degenerate fallback.`);
+			const railingExpressId = writeRailingEntity(w, railing.guid, `Railing ${i + 1}`, railing.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
+			idMap.set(railing.localId, railingExpressId);
+			placementMap.set(railing.localId, localPlacementId);
+			writeRailingCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, railingExpressId, railing.spec);
+			writeManufacturerPset(w, ownerHistoryId, railingExpressId, railing.spec);
+			if (railing.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, railingExpressId, railing.spec.customProperties);
+			if (preflighted.kind === "EXACT") for (const itemId of exactBodyItemIds) applySurfaceStyle(w, model, railing.localId, itemId);
+			else if (bodyItemId !== null) applySurfaceStyle(w, model, railing.localId, bodyItemId);
+		}
+		for (const [i, covering] of coverings.entries()) {
+			const containingId = findContainerOf(covering.localId, relationships);
+			const storeyPlacementId = containingId !== null ? placementMap.get(containingId) ?? null : null;
+			const { localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId, bodyItemId } = writeCoveringGeometry(w, covering.spec, geomSubContextId, storeyPlacementId);
+			const coveringExpressId = writeCoveringEntity(w, covering.guid, `Covering ${i + 1}`, covering.spec.predefinedType ?? "NOTDEFINED", ownerHistoryId, localPlacementId, productDefinitionShapeId);
+			idMap.set(covering.localId, coveringExpressId);
+			placementMap.set(covering.localId, localPlacementId);
+			writeCoveringCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, coveringExpressId, covering.spec);
+			writeManufacturerPset(w, ownerHistoryId, coveringExpressId, covering.spec);
+			if (covering.spec.customProperties !== void 0) writeCustomPsets(w, ownerHistoryId, coveringExpressId, covering.spec.customProperties);
+			applySurfaceStyle(w, model, covering.localId, bodyItemId);
+		}
+		const openingPlacementMap = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+		const openingEntityMap = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+		for (const rel of relationships) {
+			if (rel.kind !== "VOIDS_WALL") continue;
+			const wallElement = elements.find((el) => el.category === "WALL" && el.localId === rel.wallLocalId);
+			if (wallElement === void 0) continue;
+			const wallExpressId = idMap.get(rel.wallLocalId);
+			const wallPlacementId = placementMap.get(rel.wallLocalId);
+			if (wallExpressId === void 0 || wallPlacementId === void 0) continue;
+			const openingElement = elements.find((el) => el.localId === rel.openingLocalId);
+			if (openingElement === void 0 || openingElement.category !== "OPENING") continue;
+			if (!isWallOpening(openingElement.spec)) continue;
+			const { openingEntityId, openingPlacementId } = writeOpeningGeometry(w, openingElement.guid, openingElement.spec, wallElement.spec, wallPlacementId, geomSubContextId, ownerHistoryId);
+			idMap.set(rel.openingLocalId, openingEntityId);
+			openingPlacementMap.set(rel.openingLocalId, openingPlacementId);
+			openingEntityMap.set(rel.openingLocalId, openingEntityId);
+			writeRelVoidsElement(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, wallExpressId, openingEntityId);
+		}
+		for (const rel of relationships) {
+			if (rel.kind !== "VOIDS_SLAB") continue;
+			const slabElement = elements.find((el) => el.category === "SLAB" && el.localId === rel.slabLocalId);
+			if (slabElement === void 0) continue;
+			const slabExpressId = idMap.get(rel.slabLocalId);
+			const slabPlacementId = placementMap.get(rel.slabLocalId);
+			if (slabExpressId === void 0 || slabPlacementId === void 0) continue;
+			const openingElement = elements.find((el) => el.localId === rel.openingLocalId);
+			if (openingElement === void 0 || openingElement.category !== "OPENING") continue;
+			if (!isSlabOpening(openingElement.spec)) continue;
+			const { openingEntityId } = writeSlabOpeningGeometry(w, openingElement.guid, openingElement.spec, slabElement.spec, slabPlacementId, geomSubContextId, ownerHistoryId);
+			idMap.set(rel.openingLocalId, openingEntityId);
+			writeRelVoidsElement(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, slabExpressId, openingEntityId);
+		}
+		for (const [i, door] of doors.entries()) {
+			const fillsRel = relationships.find((rel) => rel.kind === "FILLS_OPENING" && rel.fillerLocalId === door.localId);
+			if (fillsRel === void 0 || fillsRel.kind !== "FILLS_OPENING") continue;
+			const openingPlacementId = openingPlacementMap.get(fillsRel.openingLocalId);
+			const openingEntityId = openingEntityMap.get(fillsRel.openingLocalId);
+			if (openingPlacementId === void 0 || openingEntityId === void 0) continue;
+			const doorExpressId = writeDoorEntity(w, door.guid, `Door ${i + 1}`, ownerHistoryId, openingPlacementId, geomSubContextId, toIfcLengthM(door.spec.width), toIfcLengthM(door.spec.height));
+			idMap.set(door.localId, doorExpressId);
+			writeRelFillsElement(w, fillsRel.guid, ownerHistoryId, openingEntityId, doorExpressId);
+			writeDoorCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, doorExpressId, door.spec);
+		}
+		for (const [i, win] of windows.entries()) {
+			const fillsRel = relationships.find((rel) => rel.kind === "FILLS_OPENING" && rel.fillerLocalId === win.localId);
+			if (fillsRel === void 0 || fillsRel.kind !== "FILLS_OPENING") continue;
+			const openingPlacementId = openingPlacementMap.get(fillsRel.openingLocalId);
+			const openingEntityId = openingEntityMap.get(fillsRel.openingLocalId);
+			if (openingPlacementId === void 0 || openingEntityId === void 0) continue;
+			const windowExpressId = writeWindowEntity(w, win.guid, `Window ${i + 1}`, ownerHistoryId, openingPlacementId, geomSubContextId, toIfcLengthM(win.spec.width), toIfcLengthM(win.spec.height));
+			idMap.set(win.localId, windowExpressId);
+			writeRelFillsElement(w, fillsRel.guid, ownerHistoryId, openingEntityId, windowExpressId);
+			writeWindowCommonPset(w, ownerHistoryId, windowExpressId, win.spec);
+		}
+		for (const rel of relationships) {
+			if (rel.kind !== "AGGREGATES") continue;
+			const parentExpressId = idMap.get(rel.relatingObject);
+			const childExpressIds = rel.relatedObjects.map((id) => idMap.get(id)).filter((id) => id !== void 0);
+			if (parentExpressId === void 0 || childExpressIds.length === 0) continue;
+			writeRelAggregates(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, parentExpressId, childExpressIds);
+		}
+		for (const rel of relationships) {
+			if (rel.kind !== "CONTAINED_IN") continue;
+			const structureExpressId = idMap.get(rel.relatingStructure);
+			const elementExpressIds = rel.relatedElements.map((id) => idMap.get(id)).filter((id) => id !== void 0);
+			if (structureExpressId === void 0 || elementExpressIds.length === 0) continue;
+			writeRelContainedInSpatialStructure(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, structureExpressId, elementExpressIds);
+		}
+		for (const rel of relationships) {
+			if (rel.kind !== "SPACE_BOUNDARY") continue;
+			const spaceExpressId = idMap.get(rel.spaceLocalId);
+			const elementExpressId = idMap.get(rel.elementLocalId);
+			if (spaceExpressId === void 0 || elementExpressId === void 0) continue;
+			writeRelSpaceBoundary(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, spaceExpressId, elementExpressId, rel.connectionType);
+		}
+		for (const rel of relationships) {
+			if (rel.kind !== "NESTS") continue;
+			const parentExpressId = idMap.get(rel.relatingObject);
+			const childExpressIds = rel.relatedObjects.map((id) => idMap.get(id)).filter((id) => id !== void 0);
+			if (parentExpressId === void 0 || childExpressIds.length === 0) continue;
+			writeRelNests(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, parentExpressId, childExpressIds);
+		}
+		for (const rel of relationships) {
+			if (rel.kind !== "COVERS_ELEMENT") continue;
+			const hostExpressId = idMap.get(rel.hostLocalId);
+			const coveringExpressId = idMap.get(rel.coveringLocalId);
+			if (hostExpressId === void 0 || coveringExpressId === void 0) continue;
+			writeRelCoversBldgElements(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, hostExpressId, [coveringExpressId]);
+		}
+		for (const rel of relationships) {
+			if (rel.kind !== "ASSIGNS_TO_GROUP") continue;
+			const groupExpressId = idMap.get(rel.groupLocalId);
+			const memberExpressIds = rel.memberLocalIds.map((id) => idMap.get(id)).filter((id) => id !== void 0);
+			if (groupExpressId === void 0 || memberExpressIds.length === 0) continue;
+			writeRelAssignsToGroup(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, groupExpressId, memberExpressIds);
+		}
+		for (const rel of relationships) {
+			if (rel.kind !== "CONNECTS_ELEMENTS") continue;
+			const relatingExpressId = idMap.get(rel.relatingElementLocalId);
+			const relatedExpressId = idMap.get(rel.relatedElementLocalId);
+			if (relatingExpressId === void 0 || relatedExpressId === void 0) continue;
+			writeRelConnectsElements(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, relatingExpressId, relatedExpressId, rel.description ?? null);
+		}
+		for (const rel of relationships) {
+			if (rel.kind !== "CONNECTS_PATH_ELEMENTS") continue;
+			const relatingExpressId = idMap.get(rel.relatingElementLocalId);
+			const relatedExpressId = idMap.get(rel.relatedElementLocalId);
+			if (relatingExpressId === void 0 || relatedExpressId === void 0) continue;
+			writeRelConnectsPathElements(w, rel.guid, ownerHistoryId, relatingExpressId, relatedExpressId, rel.relatingConnectionType, rel.relatedConnectionType, rel.description ?? null);
+		}
+		const bySimpleMaterial = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+		const layeredAssociations = [];
+		const categoryById = new Map(elements.map((e) => [e.localId, e.category]));
+		for (const rel of relationships) {
+			if (rel.kind !== "ASSOCIATES_MATERIAL") continue;
+			const objectExpressIds = rel.relatedObjects.map((id) => idMap.get(id)).filter((id) => id !== void 0);
+			if (objectExpressIds.length === 0) continue;
+			if (rel.materialLayers !== void 0 && rel.materialLayers.length > 0) {
+				const firstObj = rel.relatedObjects[0];
+				const hostCat = firstObj !== void 0 ? categoryById.get(firstObj) : void 0;
+				const direction = hostCat === "SLAB" || hostCat === "ROOF" || hostCat === "COVERING" ? "AXIS3" : "AXIS2";
+				layeredAssociations.push({
+					guid: rel.guid,
+					layerSetName: rel.layerSetName ?? rel.materialName,
+					layers: rel.materialLayers,
+					ids: objectExpressIds,
+					direction
+				});
+				continue;
+			}
+			const existing = bySimpleMaterial.get(rel.materialName);
+			if (existing !== void 0) bySimpleMaterial.set(rel.materialName, {
+				guid: existing.guid,
+				ids: [...existing.ids, ...objectExpressIds]
+			});
+			else bySimpleMaterial.set(rel.materialName, {
+				guid: rel.guid,
+				ids: objectExpressIds
+			});
+		}
+		for (const [materialName, { guid, ids }] of bySimpleMaterial) {
+			if (ids.length === 0) continue;
+			writeMaterialSimple(w, guid, ownerHistoryId, materialName, ids);
+		}
+		for (const assoc of layeredAssociations) writeMaterialLayerSet(w, assoc.guid, ownerHistoryId, {
+			kind: "LAYER_SET",
+			layerSetName: assoc.layerSetName,
+			layers: assoc.layers
+		}, assoc.ids, assoc.direction);
+		const classByKey = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+		for (const rel of relationships) {
+			if (rel.kind !== "ASSOCIATES_CLASSIFICATION") continue;
+			const objectExpressIds = rel.relatedObjects.map((id) => idMap.get(id)).filter((id) => id !== void 0);
+			if (objectExpressIds.length === 0) continue;
+			const key = `${rel.ref.system}:${rel.ref.code}`;
+			const entry = classByKey.get(key);
+			if (entry === void 0) classByKey.set(key, {
+				ref: rel.ref,
+				ids: [...objectExpressIds]
+			});
+			else entry.ids.push(...objectExpressIds);
+		}
+		const byClassification = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+		for (const { ref, ids } of classByKey.values()) byClassification.set(ref, ids);
+		if (byClassification.size > 0) writeClassificationRefs(w, ownerHistoryId, byClassification);
+		writeTypeLayer(w, ownerHistoryId, model, idMap);
+		return w.save();
+	} catch (_) {
+		_usingCtx$2.e = _;
+	} finally {
+		_usingCtx$2.d();
 	}
-	const byClassification = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-	for (const { ref, ids } of classByKey.values()) byClassification.set(ref, ids);
-	if (byClassification.size > 0) writeClassificationRefs(w, ownerHistoryId, byClassification);
-	writeTypeLayer(w, ownerHistoryId, model, idMap);
-	return w.save();
 }
 /**
 * Auto-derives one IfcType per (category, predefinedType) group of occurrences
@@ -13874,7 +14220,6 @@ async function toIfcValidated(model, meta) {
 function collectGeometryIssues(model) {
 	const issues = [];
 	const groups = [
-		["Wall", model.getWalls()],
 		["Slab", model.getSlabs()],
 		["Beam", model.getBeams()],
 		["Column", model.getColumns()],
@@ -13884,13 +14229,19 @@ function collectGeometryIssues(model) {
 		["Roof", model.getRoofs()],
 		["Footing", model.getFootings()],
 		["Pile", model.getPiles()],
-		["Railing", model.getRailings()],
 		["Covering", model.getCoverings()]
 	];
 	for (const [label, elements] of groups) elements.forEach((el, index) => {
 		const report = checkGeometryValidity(el.geometry, `${label} ${index + 1}`);
 		issues.push(...report.issues);
 	});
+	const productGroups = [["Wall", model.getWalls()], ["Railing", model.getRailings()]];
+	for (const [label, elements] of productGroups) elements.forEach((el, index) => {
+		bodySolids(el.geometry).forEach((solid, itemIndex) => {
+			const report = checkGeometryValidity(solid, `${label} ${index + 1} Body item ${itemIndex + 1}`);
+			issues.push(...report.issues);
+		});
+	});
 	model.getRamps().forEach((ramp, index) => {
 		if (ramp.spec.flights.length === 0) return;
 		issues.push(issue("info", "SIMPLIFIED_GEOMETRY", `Ramp ${index + 1} uses simplified inclined-slab flight geometry`));
@@ -14065,7 +14416,7 @@ function buildElementContainmentMap(reader) {
 //#endregion
 //#region src/import/geometryRead.ts
 var NONE = { kind: "NONE" };
-var testHooks$1 = null;
+var testHooks$3 = null;
 /**
 * Reconstructs the `Body` (SweptSolid) representation of a product into a brepjs
 * solid, falling back to tessellated mesh import when no parametric path exists.
@@ -14309,7 +14660,7 @@ function reconstructTessellatedMesh(mesh, scaleToMm, itemExpressId, diagnostics)
 	}
 	if (solid !== null) {
 		try {
-			testHooks$1?.afterItemSolid?.(itemExpressId, solid);
+			testHooks$3?.afterItemSolid?.(itemExpressId, solid);
 		} catch (cause) {
 			solid[Symbol.dispose]();
 			throw cause;
@@ -15270,7 +15621,7 @@ function readOwnerHistory(reader, ownerHistoryExpressId) {
 }
 //#endregion
 //#region src/import/fromIfc.ts
-var testHooks = null;
+var testHooks$2 = null;
 /**
 * Each enumerated physical-element IFC type and the {@link ImportedElementCategory}
 * it maps to. Curtain-wall sub-components (IfcPlate/IfcMember) and stair/ramp
@@ -15334,7 +15685,7 @@ async function fromIfc(bytes, options = {}) {
 			if (element === null) continue;
 			elements.push(element);
 			byExpressId.set(element.expressId, element);
-			testHooks?.afterElement?.(element, elements.length);
+			testHooks$2?.afterElement?.(element, elements.length);
 		}
 		const report = appendIssues(emptyReport(), diagnostics);
 		const applicationName = readApplicationName(reader);
@@ -15380,7 +15731,7 @@ function readElement(reader, expressId, category, scale, containment, typeEnums,
 			bounds: null,
 			volumeMm3: null
 		} : reconstructGeometry(reader, expressId, scale, voidedBy, diagnostics);
-		testHooks?.afterGeometry?.(expressId, geometry);
+		testHooks$2?.afterGeometry?.(expressId, geometry);
 		const psets = readPsets(reader, expressId).map(toImportedPset);
 		const material = readMaterial(reader, expressId, scale);
 		const classification = readClassification(reader, expressId);
@@ -28521,13 +28872,151 @@ function isPureTranslation(f, eps = 1e-9) {
 	return Math.abs((f[0] ?? 1) - 1) < eps && Math.abs((f[5] ?? 1) - 1) < eps && Math.abs((f[10] ?? 1) - 1) < eps && Math.abs(f[1] ?? 0) < eps && Math.abs(f[2] ?? 0) < eps && Math.abs(f[4] ?? 0) < eps && Math.abs(f[6] ?? 0) < eps && Math.abs(f[8] ?? 0) < eps && Math.abs(f[9] ?? 0) < eps;
 }
 //#endregion
+//#region src/familiesProductBody.ts
+var RELATIVE_VOLUME_TOLERANCE = 1e-6;
+var testHooks$1 = null;
+/**
+* Evaluates a civil Product Body, clones and localizes every borrowed source,
+* then proves whether the registered-opening parametric Body is coincident.
+* An EXACT result is caller-owned until takeExactProductBody() succeeds.
+*/
+function selectCivilProductBody(input) {
+	const evaluated = evaluateBody(input);
+	if (!evaluated.ok) return evaluated;
+	const sources = evaluated.value;
+	if (sources.length === 0) return err(productBodyError(input, "FAMILIES_PRODUCT_BODY_EMPTY", `evaluated to no solid Body items`));
+	const localized = [];
+	const inverse = decomposeFrame(frameInverse(input.productWorldFrame));
+	for (const [itemIndex, source] of sources.entries()) {
+		const copied = clone(source);
+		if (!copied.ok) {
+			disposeAll(localized);
+			return err(productBodyError(input, "FAMILIES_PRODUCT_BODY_COPY_FAILED", `Body item ${itemIndex} could not be copied`, copied.error, itemIndex));
+		}
+		try {
+			testHooks$1?.afterCopy?.(itemIndex, copied.value, source);
+		} catch (cause) {
+			copied.value[Symbol.dispose]();
+			disposeAll(localized);
+			return err(productBodyError(input, "FAMILIES_PRODUCT_BODY_COPY_FAILED", `Body item ${itemIndex} could not be copied`, cause, itemIndex));
+		}
+		let valid;
+		try {
+			valid = validSolid(copied.value);
+		} catch (cause) {
+			copied.value[Symbol.dispose]();
+			disposeAll(localized);
+			return err(productBodyError(input, "FAMILIES_PRODUCT_BODY_INVALID", `Body item ${itemIndex} could not be validated as a solid`, cause, itemIndex));
+		}
+		if (!valid.ok) {
+			copied.value[Symbol.dispose]();
+			disposeAll(localized);
+			return err(productBodyError(input, "FAMILIES_PRODUCT_BODY_INVALID", `Body item ${itemIndex} is not a valid solid: ${valid.error}`, void 0, itemIndex));
+		}
+		let local = null;
+		try {
+			testHooks$1?.beforeLocalize?.(itemIndex, valid.value);
+			local = locateShapeInFrame(valid.value, inverse);
+			testHooks$1?.afterLocalized?.(itemIndex, local);
+			localized.push(local);
+		} catch (cause) {
+			local?.[Symbol.dispose]();
+			valid.value[Symbol.dispose]();
+			disposeAll(localized);
+			return err(productBodyError(input, "FAMILIES_PRODUCT_BODY_LOCALIZE_FAILED", `Body item ${itemIndex} could not be moved into the Product-local frame`, cause, itemIndex));
+		}
+		valid.value[Symbol.dispose]();
+	}
+	const exactBody = {
+		kind: "EXACT",
+		solids: asNonEmpty(localized)
+	};
+	try {
+		testHooks$1?.beforeCoincidence?.(exactBody, input.parametricBody);
+	} catch (cause) {
+		disposeAll(exactBody.solids);
+		return err(productBodyError(input, "FAMILIES_PRODUCT_BODY_COMPARISON_FAILED", `authored and parametric Bodies could not be compared`, cause));
+	}
+	if (!bodiesCoincident(exactBody, input.parametricBody)) return ok({
+		kind: "EXACT",
+		body: exactBody
+	});
+	disposeAll(exactBody.solids);
+	return ok({ kind: "PARAMETRIC" });
+}
+function evaluateBody(input) {
+	try {
+		const evaluated = input.evaluator.evaluate(input.element.geometry);
+		if (!evaluated.ok) return err(productBodyError(input, "FAMILIES_PRODUCT_BODY_EVALUATION_FAILED", `authored Body evaluation failed: ${evaluated.error.message}`, evaluated.error));
+		return ok(isSolid(evaluated.value) ? [evaluated.value] : getSolids(evaluated.value));
+	} catch (cause) {
+		return err(productBodyError(input, "FAMILIES_PRODUCT_BODY_EVALUATION_FAILED", `authored Body evaluation threw`, cause));
+	}
+}
+function bodiesCoincident(exact, parametric) {
+	const exactVolume = measureBody(exact);
+	const parametricVolume = measureBody(parametric);
+	if (exactVolume === null || parametricVolume === null || !volumesClose(exactVolume, parametricVolume)) return false;
+	let union = null;
+	try {
+		const fused = fuseAll([...bodySolids(exact), ...bodySolids(parametric)], {
+			optimisation: "sameFace",
+			simplify: true,
+			strategy: "pairwise",
+			trackEvolution: false
+		});
+		if (!fused.ok) return false;
+		union = fused.value;
+		const measured = measureVolume(union);
+		return measured.ok && volumesClose(measured.value, exactVolume) && volumesClose(measured.value, parametricVolume);
+	} catch {
+		return false;
+	} finally {
+		union?.[Symbol.dispose]();
+	}
+}
+function measureBody(body) {
+	let total = 0;
+	try {
+		for (const solid of bodySolids(body)) {
+			const measured = measureVolume(solid);
+			if (!measured.ok || !Number.isFinite(measured.value) || measured.value <= 0) return null;
+			total += measured.value;
+		}
+		return total;
+	} catch {
+		return null;
+	}
+}
+function volumesClose(a, b) {
+	return Math.abs(a - b) <= RELATIVE_VOLUME_TOLERANCE * Math.max(Math.abs(a), Math.abs(b), Number.EPSILON);
+}
+function asNonEmpty(solids) {
+	const first = solids[0];
+	if (first === void 0) throw new Error("Expected a non-empty exact Product Body");
+	return [first, ...solids.slice(1)];
+}
+function disposeAll(solids) {
+	for (const solid of solids) solid[Symbol.dispose]();
+}
+function productBodyError(input, code, detail, cause, itemIndex) {
+	return {
+		...specError(code, `familiesToBim: '${input.element.keyPath}' (${input.category}) ${detail}`, cause),
+		metadata: {
+			keyPath: input.element.keyPath,
+			category: input.category,
+			...itemIndex !== void 0 ? { itemIndex } : {}
+		}
+	};
+}
+//#endregion
 //#region src/familiesAdapter.ts
 /**
 * brepjs-families -> BimModel adapter. Consumes a resolved element tree and
-* feeds each element's PRE-DESUGARED props into the parametric specs — the
-* spec path stays authoritative for IFC (IfcExtrudedAreaSolid + placement),
-* while the IR path serves the viewport and dedup. GlobalIds derive from
-* families key paths (stable under reordering), not insertion order.
+* feeds each element's PRE-DESUGARED props into parametric specs. Civil wall
+* and railing Products additionally compare the evaluated authored Body with
+* that spec Body and retain an exact Body when they diverge. GlobalIds derive
+* from families key paths (stable under reordering), not insertion order.
 *
 * Scope: building Storey containers; civil Site/Bridge/recursive Bridge Part
 * structure and Earthworks Fill bodies; Wall/Slab/Column/Beam/Roof/Stair,
@@ -28539,6 +29028,7 @@ function isPureTranslation(f, eps = 1e-9) {
 * voids are rejected: they cut only the IR/viewport geometry, and exporting
 * the uncut spec body would silently diverge from what the user sees.
 */
+var testHooks = null;
 var SPEC_DEFAULTS = {
 	origin: [
 		0,
@@ -28719,6 +29209,12 @@ function civilProductArchetype(el) {
 	if (definition === void 0 || !definition.roles.includes(el.semantics.role)) return void 0;
 	return definition.archetype;
 }
+function civilProductBodyCategory(el, archetype) {
+	if (el.semantics?.kind !== "product") return null;
+	if (archetype === "wall") return "WALL";
+	if (archetype === "railing") return "RAILING";
+	return null;
+}
 function semanticDimension(el, ...names) {
 	if (el.semantics?.kind !== "product") return void 0;
 	for (const name of names) {
@@ -29424,33 +29920,55 @@ function addEarthworksFillElement(model, el, evaluator, spatialFrame) {
 	if (!added.ok) localized.value[Symbol.dispose]();
 	return added;
 }
+function installCivilProductBody(model, el, localId, category, evaluator, productWorldFrame) {
+	const target = model.getElement(localId);
+	if (target === null || target.category !== category || target.geometry.kind !== "PARAMETRIC") return err(specError("FAMILIES_PRODUCT_BODY_TARGET_INVALID", `familiesToBim: '${el.keyPath}' could not find its parametric ${category} Body after projection`));
+	const selected = selectCivilProductBody({
+		element: el,
+		category,
+		evaluator,
+		productWorldFrame,
+		parametricBody: target.geometry
+	});
+	if (!selected.ok) return selected;
+	if (selected.value.kind === "PARAMETRIC") return ok(void 0);
+	const takeover = model.takeExactProductBody(localId, selected.value.body);
+	if (!takeover.ok) disposeProductBody(selected.value.body);
+	return takeover;
+}
 /**
 * Project a resolved families tree into an eager BimModel. The caller owns
 * the returned model (`using`); families stays domain-neutral — this adapter
 * is where families types meet the IFC vocabulary.
 */
 function familiesToBim(root, options) {
+	const model = new BimModel();
+	let transferred = false;
+	try {
+		const projected = projectFamiliesToBim(root, options, model);
+		transferred = projected.ok;
+		return projected;
+	} catch (cause) {
+		return err(specError("FAMILIES_PROJECTION_FAILED", `familiesToBim: unexpected projection failure at '${root.keyPath}'`, cause));
+	} finally {
+		if (!transferred) model[Symbol.dispose]();
+	}
+}
+function projectFamiliesToBim(root, options, model) {
 	const usesAuthoredCivilHierarchy = hasCivilSpatialIntent(root);
 	if (usesAuthoredCivilHierarchy) {
 		const keyed = requireKeyed(root);
 		if (!keyed.ok) return keyed;
 	}
-	const model = new BimModel();
 	const initResult = model.init(options.project, usesAuthoredCivilHierarchy ? { stableKey: civilSpatialKind(root) !== void 0 ? `${root.keyPath}#project` : root.keyPath } : void 0);
 	if (!initResult.ok) return initResult;
 	const projectId = initResult.value;
 	let buildingId = null;
 	if (!usesAuthoredCivilHierarchy) {
 		const siteResult = model.addSite({ name: options.siteName ?? "Site" });
-		if (!siteResult.ok) {
-			model[Symbol.dispose]();
-			return siteResult;
-		}
+		if (!siteResult.ok) return siteResult;
 		const buildingResult = model.addBuilding({ name: options.buildingName ?? "Building" });
-		if (!buildingResult.ok) {
-			model[Symbol.dispose]();
-			return buildingResult;
-		}
+		if (!buildingResult.ok) return buildingResult;
 		buildingId = buildingResult.value;
 		model.aggregate(projectId, siteResult.value);
 		model.aggregate(siteResult.value, buildingId);
@@ -29480,8 +29998,7 @@ function familiesToBim(root, options) {
 			if (el.geometry.kind !== "Empty") return err(specError("FAMILIES_UNSUPPORTED_CIVIL_SEMANTICS", `familiesToBim: civil spatial element '${el.keyPath}' carries its own geometry — Site/Bridge/Bridge Part export no body, so author it as a child Product (e.g. Earthworks Fill)`));
 			const nodeFrame = civilNodeFrame(el, cumulativeFrameHere);
 			const rotatedFrame = rotatedHere || hasRotatedAxes(el);
-			const input = rotatedFrame ? civilSpatialFrameInput(el, nodeFrame, state.spatialFrame) : civilSpatialInput(el, subtractTranslation(cumulativeTranslationHere, state.projectedSpatialTranslation));
-			const added = addCivilSpatialOccurrence(model, el, civilKind, input);
+			const added = addCivilSpatialOccurrence(model, el, civilKind, rotatedFrame ? civilSpatialFrameInput(el, nodeFrame, state.spatialFrame) : civilSpatialInput(el, subtractTranslation(cumulativeTranslationHere, state.projectedSpatialTranslation)));
 			if (!added.ok) return added;
 			model.aggregate(state.spatialStructureId, added.value);
 			idByKeyPath.set(el.keyPath, added.value);
@@ -29517,6 +30034,15 @@ function familiesToBim(root, options) {
 		} else if (route !== void 0) {
 			const keyed = requireKeyed(el);
 			if (!keyed.ok) return keyed;
+			const productBodyCategory = civilProductBodyCategory(el, effectiveArchetype);
+			const productBodyEvaluator = productBodyCategory === null ? void 0 : options.bodyEvaluator ?? options.proxyEvaluator;
+			if (productBodyCategory !== null && productBodyEvaluator === void 0) return err({
+				...specError("FAMILIES_PRODUCT_BODY_EVALUATOR_REQUIRED", `familiesToBim: civil Product '${el.keyPath}' mapped to ${productBodyCategory} needs bodyEvaluator or proxyEvaluator to verify its authoritative Body`),
+				metadata: {
+					keyPath: el.keyPath,
+					category: productBodyCategory
+				}
+			});
 			const voids = el.props["voids"];
 			if (Array.isArray(voids)) {
 				const openings = el.children.filter((c) => c.type === "Opening").length;
@@ -29536,6 +30062,11 @@ function familiesToBim(root, options) {
 				const opened = addOpenings(model, el, added.value, nextSpatialStructureId, idByKeyPath);
 				if (!opened.ok) return opened;
 			}
+			if (productBodyCategory !== null && productBodyEvaluator !== void 0) {
+				const installed = installCivilProductBody(model, el, added.value, productBodyCategory, productBodyEvaluator, elementBodyFrame(el, cumulativeFrameHere, occurrenceTransformDepthHere));
+				if (!installed.ok) return installed;
+				testHooks?.afterCivilProductBody?.(model, added.value, el);
+			}
 		} else if (el.type === "Opening") return err(specError("FAMILIES_OPENING_OUTSIDE_WALL", `familiesToBim: opening '${el.keyPath}' is not hosted by a Wall — only wall openings are mapped`));
 		else if (el.type !== "Group" && el.geometry.kind !== "Empty") {
 			if (options.proxyEvaluator === void 0) return err(specError("FAMILIES_UNSUPPORTED_TYPE", `familiesToBim: no supported spec mapping for element type '${el.type}' at '${el.keyPath}' (archetype: ${el.archetype ?? "none"}) — declare a recognized archetype or civil Product category/role, add a spec route, or pass proxyEvaluator to export it as an IfcBuildingElementProxy`));
@@ -29579,10 +30110,7 @@ function familiesToBim(root, options) {
 		cumulativeFrame: IDENTITY_FRAME,
 		spatialFrame: IDENTITY_FRAME
 	});
-	if (!walked.ok) {
-		model[Symbol.dispose]();
-		return walked;
-	}
+	if (!walked.ok) return walked;
 	return ok({
 		model,
 		idByKeyPath,
@@ -29590,4 +30118,4 @@ function familiesToBim(root, options) {
 	});
 }
 //#endregion
-export { BimModel, DEFAULT_IFC_SCHEMA, DEFAULT_UNITS, IFC_SCHEMAS, PSET_PROPERTY_TYPE_TABLE, PSET_TEMPLATES, SpfReader, bcfError, checkGeometryValidity, checkGherkinRules, checkIdsData as checkIds, checkIdsData, checkReferentialIntegrity, checkRoundTrip, checkSchema, countBySeverity, deriveCobieModel, deriveCobieModel as exportCobie, deriveIfcGuid, deriveIfcGuidSync, disposeImportedModel, emptyReport, extendedProfileArea, extendedProfileToFace, familiesToBim, fileSchemaString, fromBrepError, fromIfc, geometryError, hasErrors, idsError, ifcError, importError, isExtendedProfile, isIfcSchema, isSlabOpening, isValidIfcGuid, isWallOpening, issue, makeLocalIdCounter, measureTypeFor, newIfcGuid, parseBcfFiles, parseBeamSpec, parseBridgePartSpec, parseBridgeSpec, parseColumnSpec, parseCoveringSpec, parseCurtainWallSpec, parseDoorSpec, parseElementAssemblySpec, parseFootingSpec, parseIdsXml, parsePileSpec, parseProfile, parseRailingSpec, parseRampFlightSpec, parseRampSpec, parseRoofSpec, parseSlabOpeningInput, parseSlabSpec, parseSpaceSpec, parseStairFlightSpec, parseStairSpec, parseSurfaceStyleSpec, parseSystemSpec, parseWallSpec, parseWindowSpec, parseZoneSpec, placedSolids, schemaSupports, serializeBcfFiles, serializeCobieToCsv, serializeCobieToJson, setIfcWasmLocateFile, specError, templateFor, toIfc, toIfcLengthM, toIfcValidated, toLengthMm, writeClassificationRefs, writeElementAssemblyEntity, writeIfcType, writeMaterialLayerSet, writeMaterialProfileSet, writeMaterialSimple, writePresentationLayer, writeRelAggregatesElements, writeRelAssignsToGroup, writeRelConnectsElements, writeRelConnectsPathElements, writeRelNests, writeStyledItem, writeSurfaceStyle, writeSystemEntity, writeZoneEntity };
+export { BimModel, DEFAULT_IFC_SCHEMA, DEFAULT_UNITS, IFC_SCHEMAS, PSET_PROPERTY_TYPE_TABLE, PSET_TEMPLATES, SpfReader, bcfError, bodySolids, checkGeometryValidity, checkGherkinRules, checkIdsData as checkIds, checkIdsData, checkReferentialIntegrity, checkRoundTrip, checkSchema, countBySeverity, deriveCobieModel, deriveCobieModel as exportCobie, deriveIfcGuid, deriveIfcGuidSync, disposeImportedModel, emptyReport, extendedProfileArea, extendedProfileToFace, familiesToBim, fileSchemaString, fromBrepError, fromIfc, geometryError, hasErrors, idsError, ifcError, importError, isExtendedProfile, isIfcSchema, isSlabOpening, isValidIfcGuid, isWallOpening, issue, makeLocalIdCounter, measureTypeFor, newIfcGuid, parseBcfFiles, parseBeamSpec, parseBridgePartSpec, parseBridgeSpec, parseColumnSpec, parseCoveringSpec, parseCurtainWallSpec, parseDoorSpec, parseElementAssemblySpec, parseFootingSpec, parseIdsXml, parsePileSpec, parseProfile, parseRailingSpec, parseRampFlightSpec, parseRampSpec, parseRoofSpec, parseSlabOpeningInput, parseSlabSpec, parseSpaceSpec, parseStairFlightSpec, parseStairSpec, parseSurfaceStyleSpec, parseSystemSpec, parseWallSpec, parseWindowSpec, parseZoneSpec, placedSolids, schemaSupports, serializeBcfFiles, serializeCobieToCsv, serializeCobieToJson, setIfcWasmLocateFile, specError, templateFor, toIfc, toIfcLengthM, toIfcValidated, toLengthMm, writeClassificationRefs, writeElementAssemblyEntity, writeIfcType, writeMaterialLayerSet, writeMaterialProfileSet, writeMaterialSimple, writePresentationLayer, writeRelAggregatesElements, writeRelAssignsToGroup, writeRelConnectsElements, writeRelConnectsPathElements, writeRelNests, writeStyledItem, writeSurfaceStyle, writeSystemEntity, writeZoneEntity };