bmad-fh 6.0.0-alpha.23

package/src/bmm/testarch/knowledge/fixture-architecture.md

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+# Fixture Architecture Playbook
+
+## Principle
+
+Build test helpers as pure functions first, then wrap them in framework-specific fixtures. Compose capabilities using `mergeTests` (Playwright) or layered commands (Cypress) instead of inheritance. Each fixture should solve one isolated concern (auth, API, logs, network).
+
+## Rationale
+
+Traditional Page Object Models create tight coupling through inheritance chains (`BasePage → LoginPage → AdminPage`). When base classes change, all descendants break. Pure functions with fixture wrappers provide:
+
+- **Testability**: Pure functions run in unit tests without framework overhead
+- **Composability**: Mix capabilities freely via `mergeTests`, no inheritance constraints
+- **Reusability**: Export fixtures via package subpaths for cross-project sharing
+- **Maintainability**: One concern per fixture = clear responsibility boundaries
+
+## Pattern Examples
+
+### Example 1: Pure Function → Fixture Pattern
+
+**Context**: When building any test helper, always start with a pure function that accepts all dependencies explicitly. Then wrap it in a Playwright fixture or Cypress command.
+
+**Implementation**:
+
+```typescript
+// playwright/support/helpers/api-request.ts
+// Step 1: Pure function (ALWAYS FIRST!)
+type ApiRequestParams = {
+  request: APIRequestContext;
+  method: 'GET' | 'POST' | 'PUT' | 'DELETE';
+  url: string;
+  data?: unknown;
+  headers?: Record<string, string>;
+};
+
+export async function apiRequest({
+  request,
+  method,
+  url,
+  data,
+  headers = {}
+}: ApiRequestParams) {
+  const response = await request.fetch(url, {
+    method,
+    data,
+    headers: {
+      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+      ...headers
+    }
+  });
+
+  if (!response.ok()) {
+    throw new Error(`API request failed: ${response.status()} ${await response.text()}`);
+  }
+
+  return response.json();
+}
+
+// Step 2: Fixture wrapper
+// playwright/support/fixtures/api-request-fixture.ts
+import { test as base } from '@playwright/test';
+import { apiRequest } from '../helpers/api-request';
+
+export const test = base.extend<{ apiRequest: typeof apiRequest }>({
+  apiRequest: async ({ request }, use) => {
+    // Inject framework dependency, expose pure function
+    await use((params) => apiRequest({ request, ...params }));
+  }
+});
+
+// Step 3: Package exports for reusability
+// package.json
+{
+  "exports": {
+    "./api-request": "./playwright/support/helpers/api-request.ts",
+    "./api-request/fixtures": "./playwright/support/fixtures/api-request-fixture.ts"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Key Points**:
+
+- Pure function is unit-testable without Playwright running
+- Framework dependency (`request`) injected at fixture boundary
+- Fixture exposes the pure function to test context
+- Package subpath exports enable `import { apiRequest } from 'my-fixtures/api-request'`
+
+### Example 2: Composable Fixture System with mergeTests
+
+**Context**: When building comprehensive test capabilities, compose multiple focused fixtures instead of creating monolithic helper classes. Each fixture provides one capability.
+
+**Implementation**:
+
+```typescript
+// playwright/support/fixtures/merged-fixtures.ts
+import { test as base, mergeTests } from '@playwright/test';
+import { test as apiRequestFixture } from './api-request-fixture';
+import { test as networkFixture } from './network-fixture';
+import { test as authFixture } from './auth-fixture';
+import { test as logFixture } from './log-fixture';
+
+// Compose all fixtures for comprehensive capabilities
+export const test = mergeTests(base, apiRequestFixture, networkFixture, authFixture, logFixture);
+
+export { expect } from '@playwright/test';
+
+// Example usage in tests:
+// import { test, expect } from './support/fixtures/merged-fixtures';
+//
+// test('user can create order', async ({ page, apiRequest, auth, network }) => {
+//   await auth.loginAs('customer@example.com');
+//   await network.interceptRoute('POST', '**/api/orders', { id: 123 });
+//   await page.goto('/checkout');
+//   await page.click('[data-testid="submit-order"]');
+//   await expect(page.getByText('Order #123')).toBeVisible();
+// });
+```
+
+**Individual Fixture Examples**:
+
+```typescript
+// network-fixture.ts
+export const test = base.extend({
+  network: async ({ page }, use) => {
+    const interceptedRoutes = new Map();
+
+    const interceptRoute = async (method: string, url: string, response: unknown) => {
+      await page.route(url, (route) => {
+        if (route.request().method() === method) {
+          route.fulfill({ body: JSON.stringify(response) });
+        }
+      });
+      interceptedRoutes.set(`${method}:${url}`, response);
+    };
+
+    await use({ interceptRoute });
+
+    // Cleanup
+    interceptedRoutes.clear();
+  },
+});
+
+// auth-fixture.ts
+export const test = base.extend({
+  auth: async ({ page, context }, use) => {
+    const loginAs = async (email: string) => {
+      // Use API to setup auth (fast!)
+      const token = await getAuthToken(email);
+      await context.addCookies([
+        {
+          name: 'auth_token',
+          value: token,
+          domain: 'localhost',
+          path: '/',
+        },
+      ]);
+    };
+
+    await use({ loginAs });
+  },
+});
+```
+
+**Key Points**:
+
+- `mergeTests` combines fixtures without inheritance
+- Each fixture has single responsibility (network, auth, logs)
+- Tests import merged fixture and access all capabilities
+- No coupling between fixtures—add/remove freely
+
+### Example 3: Framework-Agnostic HTTP Helper
+
+**Context**: When building HTTP helpers, keep them framework-agnostic. Accept all params explicitly so they work in unit tests, Playwright, Cypress, or any context.
+
+**Implementation**:
+
+```typescript
+// shared/helpers/http-helper.ts
+// Pure, framework-agnostic function
+type HttpHelperParams = {
+  baseUrl: string;
+  endpoint: string;
+  method: 'GET' | 'POST' | 'PUT' | 'DELETE';
+  body?: unknown;
+  headers?: Record<string, string>;
+  token?: string;
+};
+
+export async function makeHttpRequest({ baseUrl, endpoint, method, body, headers = {}, token }: HttpHelperParams): Promise<unknown> {
+  const url = `${baseUrl}${endpoint}`;
+  const requestHeaders = {
+    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+    ...(token && { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` }),
+    ...headers,
+  };
+
+  const response = await fetch(url, {
+    method,
+    headers: requestHeaders,
+    body: body ? JSON.stringify(body) : undefined,
+  });
+
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    const errorText = await response.text();
+    throw new Error(`HTTP ${method} ${url} failed: ${response.status} ${errorText}`);
+  }
+
+  return response.json();
+}
+
+// Playwright fixture wrapper
+// playwright/support/fixtures/http-fixture.ts
+import { test as base } from '@playwright/test';
+import { makeHttpRequest } from '../../shared/helpers/http-helper';
+
+export const test = base.extend({
+  httpHelper: async ({}, use) => {
+    const baseUrl = process.env.API_BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:3000';
+
+    await use((params) => makeHttpRequest({ baseUrl, ...params }));
+  },
+});
+
+// Cypress command wrapper
+// cypress/support/commands.ts
+import { makeHttpRequest } from '../../shared/helpers/http-helper';
+
+Cypress.Commands.add('apiRequest', (params) => {
+  const baseUrl = Cypress.env('API_BASE_URL') || 'http://localhost:3000';
+  return cy.wrap(makeHttpRequest({ baseUrl, ...params }));
+});
+```
+
+**Key Points**:
+
+- Pure function uses only standard `fetch`, no framework dependencies
+- Unit tests call `makeHttpRequest` directly with all params
+- Playwright and Cypress wrappers inject framework-specific config
+- Same logic runs everywhere—zero duplication
+
+### Example 4: Fixture Cleanup Pattern
+
+**Context**: When fixtures create resources (data, files, connections), ensure automatic cleanup in fixture teardown. Tests must not leak state.
+
+**Implementation**:
+
+```typescript
+// playwright/support/fixtures/database-fixture.ts
+import { test as base } from '@playwright/test';
+import { seedDatabase, deleteRecord } from '../helpers/db-helpers';
+
+type DatabaseFixture = {
+  seedUser: (userData: Partial<User>) => Promise<User>;
+  seedOrder: (orderData: Partial<Order>) => Promise<Order>;
+};
+
+export const test = base.extend<DatabaseFixture>({
+  seedUser: async ({}, use) => {
+    const createdUsers: string[] = [];
+
+    const seedUser = async (userData: Partial<User>) => {
+      const user = await seedDatabase('users', userData);
+      createdUsers.push(user.id);
+      return user;
+    };
+
+    await use(seedUser);
+
+    // Auto-cleanup: Delete all users created during test
+    for (const userId of createdUsers) {
+      await deleteRecord('users', userId);
+    }
+    createdUsers.length = 0;
+  },
+
+  seedOrder: async ({}, use) => {
+    const createdOrders: string[] = [];
+
+    const seedOrder = async (orderData: Partial<Order>) => {
+      const order = await seedDatabase('orders', orderData);
+      createdOrders.push(order.id);
+      return order;
+    };
+
+    await use(seedOrder);
+
+    // Auto-cleanup: Delete all orders
+    for (const orderId of createdOrders) {
+      await deleteRecord('orders', orderId);
+    }
+    createdOrders.length = 0;
+  },
+});
+
+// Example usage:
+// test('user can place order', async ({ seedUser, seedOrder, page }) => {
+//   const user = await seedUser({ email: 'test@example.com' });
+//   const order = await seedOrder({ userId: user.id, total: 100 });
+//
+//   await page.goto(`/orders/${order.id}`);
+//   await expect(page.getByText('Order Total: $100')).toBeVisible();
+//
+//   // No manual cleanup needed—fixture handles it automatically
+// });
+```
+
+**Key Points**:
+
+- Track all created resources in array during test execution
+- Teardown (after `use()`) deletes all tracked resources
+- Tests don't manually clean up—happens automatically
+- Prevents test pollution and flakiness from shared state
+
+### Anti-Pattern: Inheritance-Based Page Objects
+
+**Problem**:
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ BAD: Page Object Model with inheritance
+class BasePage {
+  constructor(public page: Page) {}
+
+  async navigate(url: string) {
+    await this.page.goto(url);
+  }
+
+  async clickButton(selector: string) {
+    await this.page.click(selector);
+  }
+}
+
+class LoginPage extends BasePage {
+  async login(email: string, password: string) {
+    await this.navigate('/login');
+    await this.page.fill('#email', email);
+    await this.page.fill('#password', password);
+    await this.clickButton('#submit');
+  }
+}
+
+class AdminPage extends LoginPage {
+  async accessAdminPanel() {
+    await this.login('admin@example.com', 'admin123');
+    await this.navigate('/admin');
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Why It Fails**:
+
+- Changes to `BasePage` break all descendants (`LoginPage`, `AdminPage`)
+- `AdminPage` inherits unnecessary `login` details—tight coupling
+- Cannot compose capabilities (e.g., admin + reporting features require multiple inheritance)
+- Hard to test `BasePage` methods in isolation
+- Hidden state in class instances leads to unpredictable behavior
+
+**Better Approach**: Use pure functions + fixtures
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ GOOD: Pure functions with fixture composition
+// helpers/navigation.ts
+export async function navigate(page: Page, url: string) {
+  await page.goto(url);
+}
+
+// helpers/auth.ts
+export async function login(page: Page, email: string, password: string) {
+  await page.fill('[data-testid="email"]', email);
+  await page.fill('[data-testid="password"]', password);
+  await page.click('[data-testid="submit"]');
+}
+
+// fixtures/admin-fixture.ts
+export const test = base.extend({
+  adminPage: async ({ page }, use) => {
+    await login(page, 'admin@example.com', 'admin123');
+    await navigate(page, '/admin');
+    await use(page);
+  },
+});
+
+// Tests import exactly what they need—no inheritance
+```
+
+## Integration Points
+
+- **Used in workflows**: `*atdd` (test generation), `*automate` (test expansion), `*framework` (initial setup)
+- **Related fragments**:
+  - `data-factories.md` - Factory functions for test data
+  - `network-first.md` - Network interception patterns
+  - `test-quality.md` - Deterministic test design principles
+
+## Helper Function Reuse Guidelines
+
+When deciding whether to create a fixture, follow these rules:
+
+- **3+ uses** → Create fixture with subpath export (shared across tests/projects)
+- **2-3 uses** → Create utility module (shared within project)
+- **1 use** → Keep inline (avoid premature abstraction)
+- **Complex logic** → Factory function pattern (dynamic data generation)
+
+_Source: Murat Testing Philosophy (lines 74-122), SEON production patterns, Playwright fixture docs._