binary-packet 1.0.2 → 1.0.4

package/dist/index.d.mts

@@ -51,10 +51,27 @@ declare class BinaryPacket<T extends Definition> {
      * @throws RangeError If packetId is negative, floating-point, or greater than 255.
      */
     static define<T extends Definition>(packetId: number, definition?: T): BinaryPacket<T>;
-    private readonly entries;
-    readonly canFastWrite: boolean;
-    readonly minimumByteLength: number;
-    private constructor();
+    /**
+     * Reads just the packetId from the given Buffer. \
+     * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset` (default: 0). \
+     * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.
+     */
+    static readPacketIdNodeBuffer(buffer: Buffer, byteOffset?: number): number;
+    /**
+     * Reads just the packetId from the given DataView. \
+     * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset` (default: 0). \
+     * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.
+     */
+    static readPacketIdDataView(dataview: DataView, byteOffset?: number): number;
+    /**
+     * Reads just the packetId from the given ArrayBuffer. \
+     * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset`. \
+     * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.
+     *
+     * NOTE: Due to security issues, the `byteOffset` argument cannot be defaulted and must be provided by the user. \
+     * NOTE: For more information read the `readArrayBuffer` method documentation.
+     */
+    static readPacketIdArrayBuffer(arraybuffer: ArrayBuffer, byteOffset: number): number;
     /**
      * Reads/deserializes from the given Buffer. \
      * Method available ONLY on NodeJS and Bun.
@@ -116,6 +133,10 @@ declare class BinaryPacket<T extends Definition> {
         byteLength: number;
         byteOffset: number;
     };
+    private readonly entries;
+    readonly canFastWrite: boolean;
+    readonly minimumByteLength: number;
+    private constructor();
     private read;
     private write;
     private fastWrite;

package/dist/index.d.ts

@@ -51,10 +51,27 @@ declare class BinaryPacket<T extends Definition> {
      * @throws RangeError If packetId is negative, floating-point, or greater than 255.
      */
     static define<T extends Definition>(packetId: number, definition?: T): BinaryPacket<T>;
-    private readonly entries;
-    readonly canFastWrite: boolean;
-    readonly minimumByteLength: number;
-    private constructor();
+    /**
+     * Reads just the packetId from the given Buffer. \
+     * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset` (default: 0). \
+     * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.
+     */
+    static readPacketIdNodeBuffer(buffer: Buffer, byteOffset?: number): number;
+    /**
+     * Reads just the packetId from the given DataView. \
+     * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset` (default: 0). \
+     * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.
+     */
+    static readPacketIdDataView(dataview: DataView, byteOffset?: number): number;
+    /**
+     * Reads just the packetId from the given ArrayBuffer. \
+     * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset`. \
+     * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.
+     *
+     * NOTE: Due to security issues, the `byteOffset` argument cannot be defaulted and must be provided by the user. \
+     * NOTE: For more information read the `readArrayBuffer` method documentation.
+     */
+    static readPacketIdArrayBuffer(arraybuffer: ArrayBuffer, byteOffset: number): number;
     /**
      * Reads/deserializes from the given Buffer. \
      * Method available ONLY on NodeJS and Bun.
@@ -116,6 +133,10 @@ declare class BinaryPacket<T extends Definition> {
         byteLength: number;
         byteOffset: number;
     };
+    private readonly entries;
+    readonly canFastWrite: boolean;
+    readonly minimumByteLength: number;
+    private constructor();
     private read;
     private write;
     private fastWrite;

package/dist/index.js

@@ -83,9 +83,33 @@ var BinaryPacket = class _BinaryPacket {
     }
     return new _BinaryPacket(packetId, definition);
   }
-  entries;
-  canFastWrite;
-  minimumByteLength;
+  /**
+   * Reads just the packetId from the given Buffer. \
+   * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset` (default: 0). \
+   * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.
+   */
+  static readPacketIdNodeBuffer(buffer, byteOffset = 0) {
+    return buffer.readUint8(byteOffset);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Reads just the packetId from the given DataView. \
+   * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset` (default: 0). \
+   * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.
+   */
+  static readPacketIdDataView(dataview, byteOffset = 0) {
+    return dataview.getUint8(byteOffset);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Reads just the packetId from the given ArrayBuffer. \
+   * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset`. \
+   * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.
+   *
+   * NOTE: Due to security issues, the `byteOffset` argument cannot be defaulted and must be provided by the user. \
+   * NOTE: For more information read the `readArrayBuffer` method documentation.
+   */
+  static readPacketIdArrayBuffer(arraybuffer, byteOffset) {
+    return new Uint8Array(arraybuffer, byteOffset, 1)[0];
+  }
   /**
    * Reads/deserializes from the given Buffer. \
    * Method available ONLY on NodeJS and Bun.
@@ -158,6 +182,9 @@ var BinaryPacket = class _BinaryPacket {
     const buf = hasNodeBuffers ? this.writeNodeBuffer(dataOut) : this.writeDataView(dataOut);
     return { buffer: buf.buffer, byteLength: buf.byteLength, byteOffset: buf.byteOffset };
   }
+  entries;
+  canFastWrite;
+  minimumByteLength;
   read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, readFunctions) {
     if (byteLength + offsetPointer.offset < this.minimumByteLength) {
       throw new Error(

package/dist/index.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"sources":["../src/index.ts","../src/buffers.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { growDataView, growNodeBuffer, hasNodeBuffers } from './buffers'\r\n\r\nexport const enum Field {\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 1 byte (8 bits) unsigned integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: 0 - 255)\r\n   */\r\n  UNSIGNED_INT_8 = 0,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 2 bytes (16 bits) unsigned integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: 0 - 65535)\r\n   */\r\n  UNSIGNED_INT_16,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 4 bytes (32 bits) unsigned integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: 0 - 4294967295)\r\n   */\r\n  UNSIGNED_INT_32,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 1 byte (8 bits) signed integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: -128 - 127)\r\n   */\r\n  INT_8,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 2 bytes (16 bits) signed integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: -32768 - 32767)\r\n   */\r\n  INT_16,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 4 bytes (32 bits) signed integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: -2147483648 - 2147483647)\r\n   */\r\n  INT_32,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 4 bytes (32 bits) floating-point field. \\\r\n   */\r\n  FLOAT_32,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 8 bytes (64 bits) floating-point field. \\\r\n   */\r\n  FLOAT_64\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Defines an array of a certain type. \\\r\n * As of now, only arrays with at most 256 elements are supported.\r\n */\r\nexport function FieldArray<T extends Field | BinaryPacket<Definition>>(item: T) {\r\n  return [item]\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport class BinaryPacket<T extends Definition> {\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a new binary packet. \\\r\n   * Make sure that every `packetId` is unique.\r\n   * @throws RangeError If packetId is negative, floating-point, or greater than 255.\r\n   */\r\n  static define<T extends Definition>(packetId: number, definition?: T) {\r\n    if (packetId < 0 || !Number.isFinite(packetId)) {\r\n      throw new RangeError('Packet IDs must be positive integers.')\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (packetId > 255) {\r\n      throw new RangeError(\r\n        'Packet IDs greater than 255 are not supported. Do you REALLY need more than 255 different kinds of packets?'\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return new BinaryPacket(packetId, definition)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private readonly entries: Entries\r\n  readonly canFastWrite: boolean\r\n  readonly minimumByteLength: number\r\n\r\n  private constructor(\r\n    private readonly packetId: number,\r\n    definition?: T\r\n  ) {\r\n    this.entries = definition ? sortEntries(definition) : []\r\n    const inspection = inspectEntries(this.entries)\r\n\r\n    this.minimumByteLength = inspection.minimumByteLength\r\n    this.canFastWrite = inspection.canFastWrite\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads/deserializes from the given Buffer. \\\r\n   * Method available ONLY on NodeJS and Bun.\r\n   *\r\n   * If possible, always prefer reading using this method, as it is much faster than the other ones.\r\n   *\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer do not bother wrapping it into a node Buffer yourself. \\\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer use the appropriate `readArrayBuffer`.\r\n   */\r\n  readNodeBuffer(\r\n    dataIn: Buffer,\r\n    offsetPointer = { offset: 0 },\r\n    byteLength = dataIn.byteLength\r\n  ): ToJson<T> {\r\n    return this.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, GET_FUNCTION_BUF)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads/deserializes from the given DataView.\r\n   *\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer do not bother wrapping it into a DataView yourself. \\\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer use the appropriate `readArrayBuffer`.\r\n   */\r\n  readDataView(\r\n    dataIn: DataView,\r\n    offsetPointer = { offset: 0 },\r\n    byteLength = dataIn.byteLength\r\n  ): ToJson<T> {\r\n    return this.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, GET_FUNCTION)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads/deserializes from the given ArrayBuffer. \\\r\n   * WARNING: this method is practically a HACK.\r\n   *\r\n   * When using this method both the `byteOffset` and `byteLength` are REQUIRED and cannot be defaulted. \\\r\n   * This is to prevent serious bugs and security issues. \\\r\n   * That is because often raw ArrayBuffers come from a pre-allocated buffer pool and do not start at byteOffset 0.\r\n   *\r\n   * NOTE: if you have a node Buffer do not bother wrapping it into an ArrayBuffer yourself. \\\r\n   * NOTE: if you have a node Buffer use the appropriate `readNodeBuffer` as it is much faster and less error prone.\r\n   */\r\n  readArrayBuffer(\r\n    dataIn: ArrayBuffer & { buffer?: undefined },\r\n    byteOffset: number,\r\n    byteLength: number\r\n  ) {\r\n    return this.read(\r\n      hasNodeBuffers\r\n        ? Buffer.from(dataIn, byteOffset, byteLength)\r\n        : new DataView(dataIn, byteOffset, byteLength),\r\n      { offset: 0 }, // The underlying buffer has already been offsetted\r\n      byteLength,\r\n      hasNodeBuffers ? GET_FUNCTION_BUF : GET_FUNCTION\r\n    )\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Writes/serializes the given object into a Buffer. \\\r\n   * Method available ONLY on NodeJS and Bun.\r\n   *\r\n   * If possible, always prefer writing using this method, as it is much faster than the other ones.\r\n   */\r\n  writeNodeBuffer(dataOut: ToJson<T>) {\r\n    const buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(this.minimumByteLength)\r\n    return this.write(buffer, dataOut, { offset: 0 }, SET_FUNCTION_BUF, growNodeBuffer)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Writes/serializes the given object into a DataView. \\\r\n   */\r\n  writeDataView(dataOut: ToJson<T>) {\r\n    const dataview = new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(this.minimumByteLength))\r\n    return this.write(dataview, dataOut, { offset: 0 }, SET_FUNCTION, growDataView)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Writes/serializes the given object into an ArrayBuffer. \\\r\n   * This method is just a wrapper around either  `writeNodeBuffer` or `writeDataView`. \\\r\n   *\r\n   * This method works with JavaScript standard raw ArrayBuffer(s) and, as such, is very error prone: \\\r\n   * Make sure you're using the returned byteLength and byteOffset fields in the read counterpart. \\\r\n   *\r\n   * Always consider whether is possible to use directly `writeNodeBuffer` or `writeDataView` instead of `writeArrayBuffer`. \\\r\n   * For more information read the `readArrayBuffer` documentation.\r\n   */\r\n  writeArrayBuffer(dataOut: ToJson<T>) {\r\n    const buf = hasNodeBuffers ? this.writeNodeBuffer(dataOut) : this.writeDataView(dataOut)\r\n    return { buffer: buf.buffer, byteLength: buf.byteLength, byteOffset: buf.byteOffset }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private read(\r\n    dataIn: DataView | Buffer,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    byteLength: number,\r\n    readFunctions: typeof GET_FUNCTION | typeof GET_FUNCTION_BUF\r\n  ): ToJson<T> {\r\n    if (byteLength + offsetPointer.offset < this.minimumByteLength) {\r\n      throw new Error(\r\n        `There is no space available to fit a packet of type ${this.packetId} at offset ${offsetPointer.offset}`\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (\r\n      readFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset) !== this.packetId\r\n    ) {\r\n      throw new Error(\r\n        `Data at offset ${offsetPointer.offset} is not a packet of type ${this.packetId}`\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n    const result: any = {}\r\n\r\n    for (const [name, def] of this.entries) {\r\n      if (Array.isArray(def)) {\r\n        const length = readFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset++)\r\n        const array = Array(length)\r\n\r\n        const itemType = def[0]\r\n\r\n        if (typeof itemType === 'object') {\r\n          // Array of \"subpackets\"\r\n          for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {\r\n            array[i] = itemType.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, readFunctions)\r\n          }\r\n        } else {\r\n          // Array of primitives (numbers)\r\n          const itemSize = BYTE_SIZE[itemType]\r\n\r\n          // It seems like looping over each element is actually much faster than using TypedArrays bulk copy.\r\n          // TODO: properly benchmark with various array sizes to see if it's actually the case.\r\n          for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {\r\n            array[i] = readFunctions[itemType](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n            offsetPointer.offset += itemSize\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        result[name] = array\r\n      } else if (typeof def === 'object') {\r\n        // Single \"subpacket\"\r\n        result[name] = def.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, readFunctions)\r\n      } else {\r\n        // Single primitive (number)\r\n        result[name] = readFunctions[def](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += BYTE_SIZE[def]\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return result as ToJson<T>\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private write<Buf extends DataView | Buffer>(\r\n    buffer: Buf,\r\n    dataOut: ToJson<T>,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    writeFunctions: typeof SET_FUNCTION | typeof SET_FUNCTION_BUF,\r\n    growBufferFunction: (buffer: Buf, newByteLength: number) => Buf\r\n  ): Buf {\r\n    writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](buffer as any, this.packetId, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n    offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n    if (this.canFastWrite) {\r\n      // If there are no arrays, the minimumByteLength always equals to the full needed byteLength.\r\n      // So we can take the fast path, since we know beforehand that the buffer isn't going to grow.\r\n      this.fastWrite(buffer, dataOut, offsetPointer, writeFunctions)\r\n      return buffer\r\n    } else {\r\n      // If non-empty arrays are encountered, the buffer must grow.\r\n      // If every array is empty, the speed of this path is comparable to the fast path.\r\n      return this.slowWrite(\r\n        buffer,\r\n        dataOut,\r\n        offsetPointer,\r\n        this.minimumByteLength,\r\n        this.minimumByteLength,\r\n        writeFunctions,\r\n        growBufferFunction\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private fastWrite<Buf extends DataView | Buffer>(\r\n    buffer: Buf,\r\n    dataOut: ToJson<T>,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    writeFunctions: typeof SET_FUNCTION | typeof SET_FUNCTION_BUF\r\n  ) {\r\n    for (const [name, def] of this.entries) {\r\n      if (typeof def === 'object') {\r\n        // Single \"subpacket\"\r\n        // In fastWrite there cannot be arrays, but the cast is needed because TypeScript can't possibly know that.\r\n        ;(def as BinaryPacket<Definition>).fastWrite(\r\n          buffer,\r\n          dataOut[name] as ToJson<Definition>,\r\n          offsetPointer,\r\n          writeFunctions\r\n        )\r\n      } else {\r\n        // Single primitive (number)\r\n        writeFunctions[def](buffer as any, dataOut[name] as number, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += BYTE_SIZE[def]\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * The slow writing path tries writing data into the buffer as fast as the fast writing path does. \\\r\n   * But, if a non-empty array is encountered, the buffer needs to grow, slightly reducing performance.\r\n   */\r\n  private slowWrite<Buf extends DataView | Buffer>(\r\n    buffer: Buf,\r\n    dataOut: ToJson<T>,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    byteLength: number,\r\n    maxByteLength: number,\r\n    writeFunctions: typeof SET_FUNCTION | typeof SET_FUNCTION_BUF,\r\n    growBufferFunction: (buffer: Buf, newByteLength: number) => Buf\r\n  ): Buf {\r\n    for (const [name, def] of this.entries) {\r\n      const data = dataOut[name]\r\n\r\n      if (Array.isArray(def)) {\r\n        // Could be both an array of just numbers or \"subpackets\"\r\n        const length = (data as any[]).length\r\n\r\n        writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](buffer as any, length, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n        if (length > 0) {\r\n          const itemType = def[0]\r\n\r\n          if (typeof itemType === 'object') {\r\n            // Array of \"subpackets\"\r\n            const neededBytesForElements = length * itemType.minimumByteLength\r\n\r\n            byteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n            maxByteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n\r\n            if (buffer.byteLength < maxByteLength) {\r\n              buffer = growBufferFunction(buffer, maxByteLength)\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            for (const object of data as unknown as ToJson<Definition>[]) {\r\n              writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](\r\n                buffer as any,\r\n                itemType.packetId,\r\n                offsetPointer.offset\r\n              )\r\n\r\n              offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n              buffer = itemType.slowWrite(\r\n                buffer,\r\n                object,\r\n                offsetPointer,\r\n                byteLength,\r\n                maxByteLength,\r\n                writeFunctions,\r\n                growBufferFunction\r\n              )\r\n\r\n              byteLength = offsetPointer.offset\r\n              maxByteLength = buffer.byteLength\r\n            }\r\n          } else {\r\n            // Array of primitives (numbers)\r\n            const itemSize = BYTE_SIZE[itemType]\r\n            const neededBytesForElements = length * itemSize\r\n\r\n            byteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n            maxByteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n\r\n            if (buffer.byteLength < maxByteLength) {\r\n              buffer = growBufferFunction(buffer, maxByteLength)\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            // It seems like looping over each element is actually much faster than using TypedArrays bulk copy.\r\n            // TODO: properly benchmark with various array sizes to see if it's actually the case.\r\n            for (const number of data as number[]) {\r\n              writeFunctions[itemType](buffer as any, number, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n              offsetPointer.offset += itemSize\r\n            }\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      } else if (typeof def === 'object') {\r\n        // Single \"subpacket\"\r\n        writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](buffer as any, def.packetId, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n        buffer = def.slowWrite(\r\n          buffer,\r\n          data as ToJson<Definition>,\r\n          offsetPointer,\r\n          byteLength,\r\n          maxByteLength,\r\n          writeFunctions,\r\n          growBufferFunction\r\n        )\r\n\r\n        byteLength = offsetPointer.offset\r\n        maxByteLength = buffer.byteLength\r\n      } else {\r\n        // Single primitive (number)\r\n        writeFunctions[def](buffer as any, data as number, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += BYTE_SIZE[def]\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return buffer\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * BinaryPacket definition: \\\r\n * Any packet can be defined through a \"schema\" object explaining its fields names and types.\r\n *\r\n * @example\r\n * // Imagine we have a game board where each cell is a square and is one unit big.\r\n * // A cell can be then defined by its X and Y coordinates.\r\n * // For simplicity, let's say there cannot be more than 256 cells, so we can use 8 bits for each coordinate.\r\n * const Cell = {\r\n *  x: Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8,\r\n *  y: Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8\r\n * }\r\n *\r\n * // When done with the cell definition we can create its BinaryPacket writer/reader.\r\n * // NOTE: each BinaryPacket needs an unique ID, for identification purposes and error checking.\r\n * const CellPacket = BinaryPacket.define(0, Cell)\r\n *\r\n * // Let's now make the definition of the whole game board.\r\n * // You can also specify arrays of both \"primitive\" fields and other BinaryPackets.\r\n * const Board = {\r\n *  numPlayers: Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8,\r\n *  cells: FieldArray(CellPacket) // equivalent to { cells: [CellPacket] }\r\n * }\r\n *\r\n * // When done with the board definition we can create its BinaryPacket writer/reader.\r\n * // NOTE: each BinaryPacket needs an unique ID, for identification purposes and error checking.\r\n * const BoardPacket = BinaryPacket.define(1, Board)\r\n *\r\n * // And use it.\r\n * const buffer = BoardPacket.writeNodeBuffer({\r\n *  numPlayers: 1,\r\n *  cells: [\r\n *    { x: 0, y: 0 },\r\n *    { x: 1, y: 1 }\r\n *  ]\r\n * })\r\n *\r\n * // sendTheBufferOver(buffer)\r\n * // ...\r\n * // const buffer = receiveTheBuffer()\r\n * const board = BoardPacket.readNodeBuffer(buffer)\r\n * // ...\r\n */\r\nexport type Definition = {\r\n  [fieldName: string]: Field | Field[] | BinaryPacket<Definition> | BinaryPacket<Definition>[]\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Meta-type that converts a `Definition` schema to the type of the actual JavaScript object that will be written into a packet or read from. \\\r\n */\r\ntype ToJson<T extends Definition> = {\r\n  [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends ReadonlyArray<infer Item>\r\n    ? Item extends BinaryPacket<infer BPDef>\r\n      ? ToJson<BPDef>[]\r\n      : number[]\r\n    : T[K] extends BinaryPacket<infer BPDef>\r\n      ? ToJson<BPDef>\r\n      : number\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * In a JavaScript object, the order of its keys is not strictly defined: sort them by field name. \\\r\n * Thus, we cannot trust iterating over an object keys: we MUST iterate over its entries array. \\\r\n * This is important to make sure that whoever shares BinaryPacket definitions can correctly write/read packets independently of their JS engines.\r\n */\r\nfunction sortEntries(definition: Definition) {\r\n  return Object.entries(definition).sort(([fieldName1], [fieldName2]) =>\r\n    fieldName1.localeCompare(fieldName2)\r\n  )\r\n}\r\n\r\ntype Entries = ReturnType<typeof sortEntries>\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Helper function that \"inspects\" the entries of a BinaryPacket definition\r\n * and returns useful \"stats\" needed for writing and reading buffers.\r\n *\r\n * This function is ever called only once per BinaryPacket definition.\r\n */\r\nfunction inspectEntries(entries: Entries) {\r\n  // The PacketID is already 1 byte, that's why we aren't starting from 0.\r\n  let minimumByteLength = 1\r\n  let canFastWrite = true\r\n\r\n  for (const [, type] of entries) {\r\n    if (Array.isArray(type)) {\r\n      // Adding 1 byte to serialize the array length\r\n      minimumByteLength += 1\r\n      canFastWrite = false\r\n    } else if (type instanceof BinaryPacket) {\r\n      minimumByteLength += type.minimumByteLength\r\n      canFastWrite &&= type.canFastWrite\r\n    } else {\r\n      minimumByteLength += BYTE_SIZE[type]\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  return { minimumByteLength, canFastWrite }\r\n}\r\n\r\n//////////////////////////////////////////////\r\n// The logic here is practically over       //\r\n// Here below there are needed constants    //\r\n// that map a field-type to a functionality //\r\n//////////////////////////////////////////////\r\n\r\nconst BYTE_SIZE = Array(8)\r\n\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = 1\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.INT_8] = 1\r\n\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = 2\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.INT_16] = 2\r\n\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = 4\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.INT_32] = 4\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.FLOAT_32] = 4\r\n\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.FLOAT_64] = 8\r\n\r\nconst GET_FUNCTION: ((view: DataView, offset: number, littleEndian?: boolean) => number)[] =\r\n  Array(8)\r\n\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, offset) => view.getUint8(offset)\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_8] = (view, offset) => view.getInt8(offset)\r\n\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = (view, offset, le) => view.getUint16(offset, le)\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_16] = (view, offset, le) => view.getInt16(offset, le)\r\n\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = (view, offset, le) => view.getUint32(offset, le)\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_32] = (view, offset, le) => view.getInt32(offset, le)\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.FLOAT_32] = (view, offset, le) => view.getFloat32(offset, le)\r\n\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.FLOAT_64] = (view, offset, le) => view.getFloat64(offset, le)\r\n\r\nconst SET_FUNCTION: ((view: DataView, value: number, offset: number) => void)[] = Array(8)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.setUint8(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.setInt8(offset, value)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = (view, value, offset) => view.setUint16(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_16] = (view, value, offset) => view.setInt16(offset, value)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.setUint32(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.setInt32(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.FLOAT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.setFloat32(offset, value)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.FLOAT_64] = (view, value, offset) => view.setFloat64(offset, value)\r\n\r\nconst SET_FUNCTION_BUF: ((nodeBuffer: Buffer, value: number, offset: number) => void)[] = Array(8)\r\n\r\nif (hasNodeBuffers) {\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeUint8(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeInt8(value, offset)\r\n\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = (view, value, offset) =>\r\n    view.writeUint16LE(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_16] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeInt16LE(value, offset)\r\n\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = (view, value, offset) =>\r\n    view.writeUint32LE(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeInt32LE(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.FLOAT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeFloatLE(value, offset)\r\n\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.FLOAT_64] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeDoubleLE(value, offset)\r\n}\r\n\r\nconst GET_FUNCTION_BUF: ((nodeBuffer: Buffer, offset: number) => number)[] = Array(8)\r\n\r\nif (hasNodeBuffers) {\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, offset) => view.readUint8(offset)\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_8] = 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Do you REALLY need more than 255 different kinds of packets?'\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return new BinaryPacket(packetId, definition)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads just the packetId from the given Buffer. \\\r\n   * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset` (default: 0). \\\r\n   * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.\r\n   */\r\n  static readPacketIdNodeBuffer(buffer: Buffer, byteOffset = 0) {\r\n    return buffer.readUint8(byteOffset)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads just the packetId from the given DataView. \\\r\n   * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset` (default: 0). \\\r\n   * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.\r\n   */\r\n  static readPacketIdDataView(dataview: DataView, byteOffset = 0) {\r\n    return dataview.getUint8(byteOffset)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads just the packetId from the given ArrayBuffer. \\\r\n   * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset`. \\\r\n   * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.\r\n   *\r\n   * NOTE: Due to security issues, the `byteOffset` argument cannot be defaulted and must be provided by the user. \\\r\n   * NOTE: For more information read the `readArrayBuffer` method documentation.\r\n   */\r\n  static readPacketIdArrayBuffer(arraybuffer: ArrayBuffer, byteOffset: number) {\r\n    return new Uint8Array(arraybuffer, byteOffset, 1)[0]\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads/deserializes from the given Buffer. \\\r\n   * Method available ONLY on NodeJS and Bun.\r\n   *\r\n   * If possible, always prefer reading using this method, as it is much faster than the other ones.\r\n   *\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer do not bother wrapping it into a node Buffer yourself. \\\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer use the appropriate `readArrayBuffer`.\r\n   */\r\n  readNodeBuffer(\r\n    dataIn: Buffer,\r\n    offsetPointer = { offset: 0 },\r\n    byteLength = dataIn.byteLength\r\n  ): ToJson<T> {\r\n    return this.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, GET_FUNCTION_BUF)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads/deserializes from the given DataView.\r\n   *\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer do not bother wrapping it into a DataView yourself. \\\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer use the appropriate `readArrayBuffer`.\r\n   */\r\n  readDataView(\r\n    dataIn: DataView,\r\n    offsetPointer = { offset: 0 },\r\n    byteLength = dataIn.byteLength\r\n  ): ToJson<T> {\r\n    return this.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, GET_FUNCTION)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads/deserializes from the given ArrayBuffer. \\\r\n   * WARNING: this method is practically a HACK.\r\n   *\r\n   * When using this method both the `byteOffset` and `byteLength` are REQUIRED and cannot be defaulted. \\\r\n   * This is to prevent serious bugs and security issues. \\\r\n   * That is because often raw ArrayBuffers come from a pre-allocated buffer pool and do not start at byteOffset 0.\r\n   *\r\n   * NOTE: if you have a node Buffer do not bother wrapping it into an ArrayBuffer yourself. \\\r\n   * NOTE: if you have a node Buffer use the appropriate `readNodeBuffer` as it is much faster and less error prone.\r\n   */\r\n  readArrayBuffer(\r\n    dataIn: ArrayBuffer & { buffer?: undefined },\r\n    byteOffset: number,\r\n    byteLength: number\r\n  ) {\r\n    return this.read(\r\n      hasNodeBuffers\r\n        ? Buffer.from(dataIn, byteOffset, byteLength)\r\n        : new DataView(dataIn, byteOffset, byteLength),\r\n      { offset: 0 }, // The underlying buffer has already been offsetted\r\n      byteLength,\r\n      hasNodeBuffers ? GET_FUNCTION_BUF : GET_FUNCTION\r\n    )\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Writes/serializes the given object into a Buffer. \\\r\n   * Method available ONLY on NodeJS and Bun.\r\n   *\r\n   * If possible, always prefer writing using this method, as it is much faster than the other ones.\r\n   */\r\n  writeNodeBuffer(dataOut: ToJson<T>) {\r\n    const buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(this.minimumByteLength)\r\n    return this.write(buffer, dataOut, { offset: 0 }, SET_FUNCTION_BUF, growNodeBuffer)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Writes/serializes the given object into a DataView. \\\r\n   */\r\n  writeDataView(dataOut: ToJson<T>) {\r\n    const dataview = new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(this.minimumByteLength))\r\n    return this.write(dataview, dataOut, { offset: 0 }, SET_FUNCTION, growDataView)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Writes/serializes the given object into an ArrayBuffer. \\\r\n   * This method is just a wrapper around either  `writeNodeBuffer` or `writeDataView`. \\\r\n   *\r\n   * This method works with JavaScript standard raw ArrayBuffer(s) and, as such, is very error prone: \\\r\n   * Make sure you're using the returned byteLength and byteOffset fields in the read counterpart. \\\r\n   *\r\n   * Always consider whether is possible to use directly `writeNodeBuffer` or `writeDataView` instead of `writeArrayBuffer`. \\\r\n   * For more information read the `readArrayBuffer` documentation.\r\n   */\r\n  writeArrayBuffer(dataOut: ToJson<T>) {\r\n    const buf = hasNodeBuffers ? this.writeNodeBuffer(dataOut) : this.writeDataView(dataOut)\r\n    return { buffer: buf.buffer, byteLength: buf.byteLength, byteOffset: buf.byteOffset }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private readonly entries: Entries\r\n  readonly canFastWrite: boolean\r\n  readonly minimumByteLength: number\r\n\r\n  private constructor(\r\n    private readonly packetId: number,\r\n    definition?: T\r\n  ) {\r\n    this.entries = definition ? sortEntries(definition) : []\r\n    const inspection = inspectEntries(this.entries)\r\n\r\n    this.minimumByteLength = inspection.minimumByteLength\r\n    this.canFastWrite = inspection.canFastWrite\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private read(\r\n    dataIn: DataView | Buffer,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    byteLength: number,\r\n    readFunctions: typeof GET_FUNCTION | typeof GET_FUNCTION_BUF\r\n  ): ToJson<T> {\r\n    if (byteLength + offsetPointer.offset < this.minimumByteLength) {\r\n      throw new Error(\r\n        `There is no space available to fit a packet of type ${this.packetId} at offset ${offsetPointer.offset}`\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (\r\n      readFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset) !== this.packetId\r\n    ) {\r\n      throw new Error(\r\n        `Data at offset ${offsetPointer.offset} is not a packet of type ${this.packetId}`\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n    const result: any = {}\r\n\r\n    for (const [name, def] of this.entries) {\r\n      if (Array.isArray(def)) {\r\n        const length = readFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset++)\r\n        const array = Array(length)\r\n\r\n        const itemType = def[0]\r\n\r\n        if (typeof itemType === 'object') {\r\n          // Array of \"subpackets\"\r\n          for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {\r\n            array[i] = itemType.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, readFunctions)\r\n          }\r\n        } else {\r\n          // Array of primitives (numbers)\r\n          const itemSize = BYTE_SIZE[itemType]\r\n\r\n          // It seems like looping over each element is actually much faster than using TypedArrays bulk copy.\r\n          // TODO: properly benchmark with various array sizes to see if it's actually the case.\r\n          for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {\r\n            array[i] = readFunctions[itemType](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n            offsetPointer.offset += itemSize\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        result[name] = array\r\n      } else if (typeof def === 'object') {\r\n        // Single \"subpacket\"\r\n        result[name] = def.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, readFunctions)\r\n      } else {\r\n        // Single primitive (number)\r\n        result[name] = readFunctions[def](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += BYTE_SIZE[def]\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return result as ToJson<T>\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private write<Buf extends DataView | Buffer>(\r\n    buffer: Buf,\r\n    dataOut: ToJson<T>,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    writeFunctions: typeof SET_FUNCTION | typeof SET_FUNCTION_BUF,\r\n    growBufferFunction: (buffer: Buf, newByteLength: number) => Buf\r\n  ): Buf {\r\n    writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](buffer as any, this.packetId, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n    offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n    if (this.canFastWrite) {\r\n      // If there are no arrays, the minimumByteLength always equals to the full needed byteLength.\r\n      // So we can take the fast path, since we know beforehand that the buffer isn't going to grow.\r\n      this.fastWrite(buffer, dataOut, offsetPointer, writeFunctions)\r\n      return buffer\r\n    } else {\r\n      // If non-empty arrays are encountered, the buffer must grow.\r\n      // If every array is empty, the speed of this path is comparable to the fast path.\r\n      return this.slowWrite(\r\n        buffer,\r\n        dataOut,\r\n        offsetPointer,\r\n        this.minimumByteLength,\r\n        this.minimumByteLength,\r\n        writeFunctions,\r\n        growBufferFunction\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private fastWrite<Buf extends DataView | Buffer>(\r\n    buffer: Buf,\r\n    dataOut: ToJson<T>,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    writeFunctions: typeof SET_FUNCTION | typeof SET_FUNCTION_BUF\r\n  ) {\r\n    for (const [name, def] of this.entries) {\r\n      if (typeof def === 'object') {\r\n        // Single \"subpacket\"\r\n        // In fastWrite there cannot be arrays, but the cast is needed because TypeScript can't possibly know that.\r\n        ;(def as BinaryPacket<Definition>).fastWrite(\r\n          buffer,\r\n          dataOut[name] as ToJson<Definition>,\r\n          offsetPointer,\r\n          writeFunctions\r\n        )\r\n      } else {\r\n        // Single primitive (number)\r\n        writeFunctions[def](buffer as any, dataOut[name] as number, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += BYTE_SIZE[def]\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * The slow writing path tries writing data into the buffer as fast as the fast writing path does. \\\r\n   * But, if a non-empty array is encountered, the buffer needs to grow, slightly reducing performance.\r\n   */\r\n  private slowWrite<Buf extends DataView | Buffer>(\r\n    buffer: Buf,\r\n    dataOut: ToJson<T>,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    byteLength: number,\r\n    maxByteLength: number,\r\n    writeFunctions: typeof SET_FUNCTION | typeof SET_FUNCTION_BUF,\r\n    growBufferFunction: (buffer: Buf, newByteLength: number) => Buf\r\n  ): Buf {\r\n    for (const [name, def] of this.entries) {\r\n      const data = dataOut[name]\r\n\r\n      if (Array.isArray(def)) {\r\n        // Could be both an array of just numbers or \"subpackets\"\r\n        const length = (data as any[]).length\r\n\r\n        writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](buffer as any, length, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n        if (length > 0) {\r\n          const itemType = def[0]\r\n\r\n          if (typeof itemType === 'object') {\r\n            // Array of \"subpackets\"\r\n            const neededBytesForElements = length * itemType.minimumByteLength\r\n\r\n            byteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n            maxByteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n\r\n            if (buffer.byteLength < maxByteLength) {\r\n              buffer = growBufferFunction(buffer, maxByteLength)\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            for (const object of data as unknown as ToJson<Definition>[]) {\r\n              writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](\r\n                buffer as any,\r\n                itemType.packetId,\r\n                offsetPointer.offset\r\n              )\r\n\r\n              offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n              buffer = itemType.slowWrite(\r\n                buffer,\r\n                object,\r\n                offsetPointer,\r\n                byteLength,\r\n                maxByteLength,\r\n                writeFunctions,\r\n                growBufferFunction\r\n              )\r\n\r\n              byteLength = offsetPointer.offset\r\n              maxByteLength = buffer.byteLength\r\n            }\r\n          } else {\r\n            // Array of primitives (numbers)\r\n            const itemSize = BYTE_SIZE[itemType]\r\n            const neededBytesForElements = length * itemSize\r\n\r\n            byteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n            maxByteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n\r\n            if (buffer.byteLength < maxByteLength) {\r\n              buffer = growBufferFunction(buffer, maxByteLength)\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            // It seems like looping over each element is actually much faster than using TypedArrays bulk copy.\r\n            // TODO: properly benchmark with various array sizes to see if it's actually the case.\r\n            for (const number of data as number[]) {\r\n              writeFunctions[itemType](buffer as any, number, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n              offsetPointer.offset += itemSize\r\n            }\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      } else if (typeof def === 'object') {\r\n        // Single \"subpacket\"\r\n        writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](buffer as any, def.packetId, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n        buffer = def.slowWrite(\r\n          buffer,\r\n          data as ToJson<Definition>,\r\n          offsetPointer,\r\n          byteLength,\r\n          maxByteLength,\r\n          writeFunctions,\r\n          growBufferFunction\r\n        )\r\n\r\n        byteLength = offsetPointer.offset\r\n        maxByteLength = buffer.byteLength\r\n      } else {\r\n        // Single primitive (number)\r\n        writeFunctions[def](buffer as any, data as number, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += BYTE_SIZE[def]\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return buffer\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * BinaryPacket definition: \\\r\n * Any packet can be defined through a \"schema\" object explaining its fields names and types.\r\n *\r\n * @example\r\n * // Imagine we have a game board where each cell is a square and is one unit big.\r\n * // A cell can be then defined by its X and Y coordinates.\r\n * // For simplicity, let's say there cannot be more than 256 cells, so we can use 8 bits for each coordinate.\r\n * const Cell = {\r\n *  x: Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8,\r\n *  y: Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8\r\n * }\r\n *\r\n * // When done with the cell definition we can create its BinaryPacket writer/reader.\r\n * // NOTE: each BinaryPacket needs an unique ID, for identification purposes and error checking.\r\n * const CellPacket = BinaryPacket.define(0, Cell)\r\n *\r\n * // Let's now make the definition of the whole game board.\r\n * // You can also specify arrays of both \"primitive\" fields and other BinaryPackets.\r\n * const Board = {\r\n *  numPlayers: Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8,\r\n *  cells: FieldArray(CellPacket) // equivalent to { cells: [CellPacket] }\r\n * }\r\n *\r\n * // When done with the board definition we can create its BinaryPacket writer/reader.\r\n * // NOTE: each BinaryPacket needs an unique ID, for identification purposes and error checking.\r\n * const BoardPacket = BinaryPacket.define(1, Board)\r\n *\r\n * // And use it.\r\n * const buffer = BoardPacket.writeNodeBuffer({\r\n *  numPlayers: 1,\r\n *  cells: [\r\n *    { x: 0, y: 0 },\r\n *    { x: 1, y: 1 }\r\n *  ]\r\n * })\r\n *\r\n * // sendTheBufferOver(buffer)\r\n * // ...\r\n * // const buffer = receiveTheBuffer()\r\n * const board = BoardPacket.readNodeBuffer(buffer)\r\n * // ...\r\n */\r\nexport type Definition = {\r\n  [fieldName: string]: Field | Field[] | BinaryPacket<Definition> | BinaryPacket<Definition>[]\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Meta-type that converts a `Definition` schema to the type of the actual JavaScript object that will be written into a packet or read from. \\\r\n */\r\ntype ToJson<T extends Definition> = {\r\n  [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends ReadonlyArray<infer Item>\r\n    ? Item extends BinaryPacket<infer BPDef>\r\n      ? ToJson<BPDef>[]\r\n      : number[]\r\n    : T[K] extends BinaryPacket<infer BPDef>\r\n      ? ToJson<BPDef>\r\n      : number\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * In a JavaScript object, the order of its keys is not strictly defined: sort them by field name. \\\r\n * Thus, we cannot trust iterating over an object keys: we MUST iterate over its entries array. \\\r\n * This is important to make sure that whoever shares BinaryPacket definitions can correctly write/read packets independently of their JS engines.\r\n */\r\nfunction sortEntries(definition: Definition) {\r\n  return Object.entries(definition).sort(([fieldName1], [fieldName2]) =>\r\n    fieldName1.localeCompare(fieldName2)\r\n  )\r\n}\r\n\r\ntype Entries = ReturnType<typeof sortEntries>\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Helper function that \"inspects\" the entries of a BinaryPacket definition\r\n * and returns useful \"stats\" needed for writing and reading buffers.\r\n *\r\n * This function is ever called only once per BinaryPacket definition.\r\n */\r\nfunction inspectEntries(entries: Entries) {\r\n  // The PacketID is already 1 byte, that's why we aren't starting from 0.\r\n  let minimumByteLength = 1\r\n  let canFastWrite = true\r\n\r\n  for (const [, type] of entries) {\r\n    if (Array.isArray(type)) {\r\n      // Adding 1 byte to serialize the array length\r\n      minimumByteLength += 1\r\n      canFastWrite = false\r\n    } else if (type instanceof BinaryPacket) {\r\n      minimumByteLength += type.minimumByteLength\r\n      canFastWrite &&= type.canFastWrite\r\n    } else {\r\n      minimumByteLength += BYTE_SIZE[type]\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  return { minimumByteLength, canFastWrite }\r\n}\r\n\r\n//////////////////////////////////////////////\r\n// The logic here is practically over       //\r\n// Here below there are needed constants    //\r\n// that map a field-type to a functionality //\r\n//////////////////////////////////////////////\r\n\r\nconst BYTE_SIZE = Array(8)\r\n\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = 1\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.INT_8] = 1\r\n\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = 2\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.INT_16] = 2\r\n\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = 4\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.INT_32] = 4\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.FLOAT_32] = 4\r\n\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.FLOAT_64] = 8\r\n\r\nconst GET_FUNCTION: ((view: DataView, offset: number, littleEndian?: boolean) => number)[] =\r\n  Array(8)\r\n\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, offset) => view.getUint8(offset)\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_8] = (view, offset) => view.getInt8(offset)\r\n\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = (view, offset, le) => view.getUint16(offset, le)\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_16] = (view, offset, le) => view.getInt16(offset, le)\r\n\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = (view, offset, le) => view.getUint32(offset, le)\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_32] = (view, offset, le) => view.getInt32(offset, le)\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.FLOAT_32] = (view, offset, le) => view.getFloat32(offset, le)\r\n\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.FLOAT_64] = (view, offset, le) => view.getFloat64(offset, le)\r\n\r\nconst SET_FUNCTION: ((view: DataView, value: number, offset: number) => void)[] = Array(8)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.setUint8(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.setInt8(offset, value)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = (view, value, offset) => view.setUint16(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_16] = (view, value, offset) => view.setInt16(offset, value)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.setUint32(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.setInt32(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.FLOAT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.setFloat32(offset, value)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.FLOAT_64] = (view, value, offset) => view.setFloat64(offset, value)\r\n\r\nconst SET_FUNCTION_BUF: ((nodeBuffer: Buffer, value: number, offset: number) => void)[] = Array(8)\r\n\r\nif (hasNodeBuffers) {\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeUint8(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeInt8(value, offset)\r\n\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = (view, value, offset) =>\r\n    view.writeUint16LE(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_16] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeInt16LE(value, offset)\r\n\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = (view, value, offset) =>\r\n    view.writeUint32LE(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeInt32LE(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.FLOAT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeFloatLE(value, offset)\r\n\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.FLOAT_64] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeDoubleLE(value, offset)\r\n}\r\n\r\nconst GET_FUNCTION_BUF: ((nodeBuffer: Buffer, offset: number) => number)[] = Array(8)\r\n\r\nif (hasNodeBuffers) {\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, offset) => view.readUint8(offset)\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_8] = (view, offset) => view.readInt8(offset)\r\n\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = (view, offset) => view.readUint16LE(offset)\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_16] = (view, offset) => view.readInt16LE(offset)\r\n\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = (view, offset) => view.readUint32LE(offset)\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_32] = (view, offset) => view.readInt32LE(offset)\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.FLOAT_32] = (view, offset) => view.readFloatLE(offset)\r\n\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.FLOAT_64] = (view, offset) => view.readDoubleLE(offset)\r\n}\r\n","export const hasNodeBuffers = typeof Buffer === 'function'\r\n\r\nexport function growDataView(dataview: DataView, newByteLength: number) {\r\n  const resizedBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(newByteLength)\r\n  const amountToCopy = Math.min(dataview.byteLength, resizedBuffer.byteLength)\r\n\r\n  // Treat the buffer as if it was a Float64Array so we can copy 8 bytes at a time, to finish faster\r\n  let length = Math.trunc(amountToCopy / 8)\r\n  new Float64Array(resizedBuffer, 0, length).set(new Float64Array(dataview.buffer, 0, length))\r\n\r\n  // Copy the remaining up to 7 bytes\r\n  const offset = length * 8\r\n  length = amountToCopy - offset\r\n  new Uint8Array(resizedBuffer, offset, length).set(new Uint8Array(dataview.buffer, offset, length))\r\n\r\n  return new DataView(resizedBuffer)\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function growNodeBuffer(buffer: Buffer, newByteLength: number) {\r\n  const newBuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(newByteLength)\r\n  buffer.copy(newBuffer)\r\n  return 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package/dist/index.mjs

@@ -55,9 +55,33 @@ var BinaryPacket = class _BinaryPacket {
     }
     return new _BinaryPacket(packetId, definition);
   }
-  entries;
-  canFastWrite;
-  minimumByteLength;
+  /**
+   * Reads just the packetId from the given Buffer. \
+   * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset` (default: 0). \
+   * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.
+   */
+  static readPacketIdNodeBuffer(buffer, byteOffset = 0) {
+    return buffer.readUint8(byteOffset);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Reads just the packetId from the given DataView. \
+   * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset` (default: 0). \
+   * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.
+   */
+  static readPacketIdDataView(dataview, byteOffset = 0) {
+    return dataview.getUint8(byteOffset);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Reads just the packetId from the given ArrayBuffer. \
+   * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset`. \
+   * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.
+   *
+   * NOTE: Due to security issues, the `byteOffset` argument cannot be defaulted and must be provided by the user. \
+   * NOTE: For more information read the `readArrayBuffer` method documentation.
+   */
+  static readPacketIdArrayBuffer(arraybuffer, byteOffset) {
+    return new Uint8Array(arraybuffer, byteOffset, 1)[0];
+  }
   /**
    * Reads/deserializes from the given Buffer. \
    * Method available ONLY on NodeJS and Bun.
@@ -130,6 +154,9 @@ var BinaryPacket = class _BinaryPacket {
     const buf = hasNodeBuffers ? this.writeNodeBuffer(dataOut) : this.writeDataView(dataOut);
     return { buffer: buf.buffer, byteLength: buf.byteLength, byteOffset: buf.byteOffset };
   }
+  entries;
+  canFastWrite;
+  minimumByteLength;
   read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, readFunctions) {
     if (byteLength + offsetPointer.offset < this.minimumByteLength) {
       throw new Error(

package/dist/index.mjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"sources":["../src/buffers.ts","../src/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["export const hasNodeBuffers = typeof Buffer === 'function'\r\n\r\nexport function growDataView(dataview: DataView, newByteLength: number) {\r\n  const resizedBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(newByteLength)\r\n  const amountToCopy = Math.min(dataview.byteLength, resizedBuffer.byteLength)\r\n\r\n  // Treat the buffer as if it was a Float64Array so we can copy 8 bytes at a time, to finish faster\r\n  let length = Math.trunc(amountToCopy / 8)\r\n  new Float64Array(resizedBuffer, 0, length).set(new Float64Array(dataview.buffer, 0, length))\r\n\r\n  // Copy the remaining up to 7 bytes\r\n  const offset = length * 8\r\n  length = amountToCopy - offset\r\n  new Uint8Array(resizedBuffer, offset, length).set(new Uint8Array(dataview.buffer, offset, length))\r\n\r\n  return new DataView(resizedBuffer)\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function growNodeBuffer(buffer: Buffer, newByteLength: number) {\r\n  const newBuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(newByteLength)\r\n  buffer.copy(newBuffer)\r\n  return newBuffer\r\n}\r\n","import { growDataView, growNodeBuffer, hasNodeBuffers } from './buffers'\r\n\r\nexport const enum Field {\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 1 byte (8 bits) unsigned integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: 0 - 255)\r\n   */\r\n  UNSIGNED_INT_8 = 0,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 2 bytes (16 bits) unsigned integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: 0 - 65535)\r\n   */\r\n  UNSIGNED_INT_16,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 4 bytes (32 bits) unsigned integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: 0 - 4294967295)\r\n   */\r\n  UNSIGNED_INT_32,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 1 byte (8 bits) signed integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: -128 - 127)\r\n   */\r\n  INT_8,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 2 bytes (16 bits) signed integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: -32768 - 32767)\r\n   */\r\n  INT_16,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 4 bytes (32 bits) signed integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: -2147483648 - 2147483647)\r\n   */\r\n  INT_32,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 4 bytes (32 bits) floating-point field. \\\r\n   */\r\n  FLOAT_32,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 8 bytes (64 bits) floating-point field. \\\r\n   */\r\n  FLOAT_64\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Defines an array of a certain type. \\\r\n * As of now, only arrays with at most 256 elements are supported.\r\n */\r\nexport function FieldArray<T extends Field | BinaryPacket<Definition>>(item: T) {\r\n  return [item]\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport class BinaryPacket<T extends Definition> {\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a new binary packet. \\\r\n   * Make sure that every `packetId` is unique.\r\n   * @throws RangeError If packetId is negative, floating-point, or greater than 255.\r\n   */\r\n  static define<T extends Definition>(packetId: number, definition?: T) {\r\n    if (packetId < 0 || !Number.isFinite(packetId)) {\r\n      throw new RangeError('Packet IDs must be positive integers.')\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (packetId > 255) {\r\n      throw new RangeError(\r\n        'Packet IDs greater than 255 are not supported. Do you REALLY need more than 255 different kinds of packets?'\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return new BinaryPacket(packetId, definition)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private readonly entries: Entries\r\n  readonly canFastWrite: boolean\r\n  readonly minimumByteLength: number\r\n\r\n  private constructor(\r\n    private readonly packetId: number,\r\n    definition?: T\r\n  ) {\r\n    this.entries = definition ? sortEntries(definition) : []\r\n    const inspection = inspectEntries(this.entries)\r\n\r\n    this.minimumByteLength = inspection.minimumByteLength\r\n    this.canFastWrite = inspection.canFastWrite\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads/deserializes from the given Buffer. \\\r\n   * Method available ONLY on NodeJS and Bun.\r\n   *\r\n   * If possible, always prefer reading using this method, as it is much faster than the other ones.\r\n   *\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer do not bother wrapping it into a node Buffer yourself. \\\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer use the appropriate `readArrayBuffer`.\r\n   */\r\n  readNodeBuffer(\r\n    dataIn: Buffer,\r\n    offsetPointer = { offset: 0 },\r\n    byteLength = dataIn.byteLength\r\n  ): ToJson<T> {\r\n    return this.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, GET_FUNCTION_BUF)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads/deserializes from the given DataView.\r\n   *\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer do not bother wrapping it into a DataView yourself. \\\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer use the appropriate `readArrayBuffer`.\r\n   */\r\n  readDataView(\r\n    dataIn: DataView,\r\n    offsetPointer = { offset: 0 },\r\n    byteLength = dataIn.byteLength\r\n  ): ToJson<T> {\r\n    return this.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, GET_FUNCTION)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads/deserializes from the given ArrayBuffer. \\\r\n   * WARNING: this method is practically a HACK.\r\n   *\r\n   * When using this method both the `byteOffset` and `byteLength` are REQUIRED and cannot be defaulted. \\\r\n   * This is to prevent serious bugs and security issues. \\\r\n   * That is because often raw ArrayBuffers come from a pre-allocated buffer pool and do not start at byteOffset 0.\r\n   *\r\n   * NOTE: if you have a node Buffer do not bother wrapping it into an ArrayBuffer yourself. \\\r\n   * NOTE: if you have a node Buffer use the appropriate `readNodeBuffer` as it is much faster and less error prone.\r\n   */\r\n  readArrayBuffer(\r\n    dataIn: ArrayBuffer & { buffer?: undefined },\r\n    byteOffset: number,\r\n    byteLength: number\r\n  ) {\r\n    return this.read(\r\n      hasNodeBuffers\r\n        ? Buffer.from(dataIn, byteOffset, byteLength)\r\n        : new DataView(dataIn, byteOffset, byteLength),\r\n      { offset: 0 }, // The underlying buffer has already been offsetted\r\n      byteLength,\r\n      hasNodeBuffers ? GET_FUNCTION_BUF : GET_FUNCTION\r\n    )\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Writes/serializes the given object into a Buffer. \\\r\n   * Method available ONLY on NodeJS and Bun.\r\n   *\r\n   * If possible, always prefer writing using this method, as it is much faster than the other ones.\r\n   */\r\n  writeNodeBuffer(dataOut: ToJson<T>) {\r\n    const buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(this.minimumByteLength)\r\n    return this.write(buffer, dataOut, { offset: 0 }, SET_FUNCTION_BUF, growNodeBuffer)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Writes/serializes the given object into a DataView. \\\r\n   */\r\n  writeDataView(dataOut: ToJson<T>) {\r\n    const dataview = new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(this.minimumByteLength))\r\n    return this.write(dataview, dataOut, { offset: 0 }, SET_FUNCTION, growDataView)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Writes/serializes the given object into an ArrayBuffer. \\\r\n   * This method is just a wrapper around either  `writeNodeBuffer` or `writeDataView`. \\\r\n   *\r\n   * This method works with JavaScript standard raw ArrayBuffer(s) and, as such, is very error prone: \\\r\n   * Make sure you're using the returned byteLength and byteOffset fields in the read counterpart. \\\r\n   *\r\n   * Always consider whether is possible to use directly `writeNodeBuffer` or `writeDataView` instead of `writeArrayBuffer`. \\\r\n   * For more information read the `readArrayBuffer` documentation.\r\n   */\r\n  writeArrayBuffer(dataOut: ToJson<T>) {\r\n    const buf = hasNodeBuffers ? this.writeNodeBuffer(dataOut) : this.writeDataView(dataOut)\r\n    return { buffer: buf.buffer, byteLength: buf.byteLength, byteOffset: buf.byteOffset }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private read(\r\n    dataIn: DataView | Buffer,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    byteLength: number,\r\n    readFunctions: typeof GET_FUNCTION | typeof GET_FUNCTION_BUF\r\n  ): ToJson<T> {\r\n    if (byteLength + offsetPointer.offset < this.minimumByteLength) {\r\n      throw new Error(\r\n        `There is no space available to fit a packet of type ${this.packetId} at offset ${offsetPointer.offset}`\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (\r\n      readFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset) !== this.packetId\r\n    ) {\r\n      throw new Error(\r\n        `Data at offset ${offsetPointer.offset} is not a packet of type ${this.packetId}`\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n    const result: any = {}\r\n\r\n    for (const [name, def] of this.entries) {\r\n      if (Array.isArray(def)) {\r\n        const length = readFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset++)\r\n        const array = Array(length)\r\n\r\n        const itemType = def[0]\r\n\r\n        if (typeof itemType === 'object') {\r\n          // Array of \"subpackets\"\r\n          for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {\r\n            array[i] = itemType.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, readFunctions)\r\n          }\r\n        } else {\r\n          // Array of primitives (numbers)\r\n          const itemSize = BYTE_SIZE[itemType]\r\n\r\n          // It seems like looping over each element is actually much faster than using TypedArrays bulk copy.\r\n          // TODO: properly benchmark with various array sizes to see if it's actually the case.\r\n          for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {\r\n            array[i] = readFunctions[itemType](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n            offsetPointer.offset += itemSize\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        result[name] = array\r\n      } else if (typeof def === 'object') {\r\n        // Single \"subpacket\"\r\n        result[name] = def.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, readFunctions)\r\n      } else {\r\n        // Single primitive (number)\r\n        result[name] = readFunctions[def](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += BYTE_SIZE[def]\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return result as ToJson<T>\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private write<Buf extends DataView | Buffer>(\r\n    buffer: Buf,\r\n    dataOut: ToJson<T>,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    writeFunctions: typeof SET_FUNCTION | typeof SET_FUNCTION_BUF,\r\n    growBufferFunction: (buffer: Buf, newByteLength: number) => Buf\r\n  ): Buf {\r\n    writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](buffer as any, this.packetId, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n    offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n    if (this.canFastWrite) {\r\n      // If there are no arrays, the minimumByteLength always equals to the full needed byteLength.\r\n      // So we can take the fast path, since we know beforehand that the buffer isn't going to grow.\r\n      this.fastWrite(buffer, dataOut, offsetPointer, writeFunctions)\r\n      return buffer\r\n    } else {\r\n      // If non-empty arrays are encountered, the buffer must grow.\r\n      // If every array is empty, the speed of this path is comparable to the fast path.\r\n      return this.slowWrite(\r\n        buffer,\r\n        dataOut,\r\n        offsetPointer,\r\n        this.minimumByteLength,\r\n        this.minimumByteLength,\r\n        writeFunctions,\r\n        growBufferFunction\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private fastWrite<Buf extends DataView | Buffer>(\r\n    buffer: Buf,\r\n    dataOut: ToJson<T>,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    writeFunctions: typeof SET_FUNCTION | typeof SET_FUNCTION_BUF\r\n  ) {\r\n    for (const [name, def] of this.entries) {\r\n      if (typeof def === 'object') {\r\n        // Single \"subpacket\"\r\n        // In fastWrite there cannot be arrays, but the cast is needed because TypeScript can't possibly know that.\r\n        ;(def as BinaryPacket<Definition>).fastWrite(\r\n          buffer,\r\n          dataOut[name] as ToJson<Definition>,\r\n          offsetPointer,\r\n          writeFunctions\r\n        )\r\n      } else {\r\n        // Single primitive (number)\r\n        writeFunctions[def](buffer as any, dataOut[name] as number, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += BYTE_SIZE[def]\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * The slow writing path tries writing data into the buffer as fast as the fast writing path does. \\\r\n   * But, if a non-empty array is encountered, the buffer needs to grow, slightly reducing performance.\r\n   */\r\n  private slowWrite<Buf extends DataView | Buffer>(\r\n    buffer: Buf,\r\n    dataOut: ToJson<T>,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    byteLength: number,\r\n    maxByteLength: number,\r\n    writeFunctions: typeof SET_FUNCTION | typeof SET_FUNCTION_BUF,\r\n    growBufferFunction: (buffer: Buf, newByteLength: number) => Buf\r\n  ): Buf {\r\n    for (const [name, def] of this.entries) {\r\n      const data = dataOut[name]\r\n\r\n      if (Array.isArray(def)) {\r\n        // Could be both an array of just numbers or \"subpackets\"\r\n        const length = (data as any[]).length\r\n\r\n        writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](buffer as any, length, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n        if (length > 0) {\r\n          const itemType = def[0]\r\n\r\n          if (typeof itemType === 'object') {\r\n            // Array of \"subpackets\"\r\n            const neededBytesForElements = length * itemType.minimumByteLength\r\n\r\n            byteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n            maxByteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n\r\n            if (buffer.byteLength < maxByteLength) {\r\n              buffer = growBufferFunction(buffer, maxByteLength)\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            for (const object of data as unknown as ToJson<Definition>[]) {\r\n              writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](\r\n                buffer as any,\r\n                itemType.packetId,\r\n                offsetPointer.offset\r\n              )\r\n\r\n              offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n              buffer = itemType.slowWrite(\r\n                buffer,\r\n                object,\r\n                offsetPointer,\r\n                byteLength,\r\n                maxByteLength,\r\n                writeFunctions,\r\n                growBufferFunction\r\n              )\r\n\r\n              byteLength = offsetPointer.offset\r\n              maxByteLength = buffer.byteLength\r\n            }\r\n          } else {\r\n            // Array of primitives (numbers)\r\n            const itemSize = BYTE_SIZE[itemType]\r\n            const neededBytesForElements = length * itemSize\r\n\r\n            byteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n            maxByteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n\r\n            if (buffer.byteLength < maxByteLength) {\r\n              buffer = growBufferFunction(buffer, maxByteLength)\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            // It seems like looping over each element is actually much faster than using TypedArrays bulk copy.\r\n            // TODO: properly benchmark with various array sizes to see if it's actually the case.\r\n            for (const number of data as number[]) {\r\n              writeFunctions[itemType](buffer as any, number, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n              offsetPointer.offset += itemSize\r\n            }\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      } else if (typeof def === 'object') {\r\n        // Single \"subpacket\"\r\n        writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](buffer as any, def.packetId, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n        buffer = def.slowWrite(\r\n          buffer,\r\n          data as ToJson<Definition>,\r\n          offsetPointer,\r\n          byteLength,\r\n          maxByteLength,\r\n          writeFunctions,\r\n          growBufferFunction\r\n        )\r\n\r\n        byteLength = offsetPointer.offset\r\n        maxByteLength = buffer.byteLength\r\n      } else {\r\n        // Single primitive (number)\r\n        writeFunctions[def](buffer as any, data as number, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += BYTE_SIZE[def]\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return buffer\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * BinaryPacket definition: \\\r\n * Any packet can be defined through a \"schema\" object explaining its fields names and types.\r\n *\r\n * @example\r\n * // Imagine we have a game board where each cell is a square and is one unit big.\r\n * // A cell can be then defined by its X and Y coordinates.\r\n * // For simplicity, let's say there cannot be more than 256 cells, so we can use 8 bits for each coordinate.\r\n * const Cell = {\r\n *  x: Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8,\r\n *  y: Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8\r\n * }\r\n *\r\n * // When done with the cell definition we can create its BinaryPacket writer/reader.\r\n * // NOTE: each BinaryPacket needs an unique ID, for identification purposes and error checking.\r\n * const CellPacket = BinaryPacket.define(0, Cell)\r\n *\r\n * // Let's now make the definition of the whole game board.\r\n * // You can also specify arrays of both \"primitive\" fields and other BinaryPackets.\r\n * const Board = {\r\n *  numPlayers: Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8,\r\n *  cells: FieldArray(CellPacket) // equivalent to { cells: [CellPacket] }\r\n * }\r\n *\r\n * // When done with the board definition we can create its BinaryPacket writer/reader.\r\n * // NOTE: each BinaryPacket needs an unique ID, for identification purposes and error checking.\r\n * const BoardPacket = BinaryPacket.define(1, Board)\r\n *\r\n * // And use it.\r\n * const buffer = BoardPacket.writeNodeBuffer({\r\n *  numPlayers: 1,\r\n *  cells: [\r\n *    { x: 0, y: 0 },\r\n *    { x: 1, y: 1 }\r\n *  ]\r\n * })\r\n *\r\n * // sendTheBufferOver(buffer)\r\n * // ...\r\n * // const buffer = receiveTheBuffer()\r\n * const board = BoardPacket.readNodeBuffer(buffer)\r\n * // ...\r\n */\r\nexport type Definition = {\r\n  [fieldName: string]: Field | Field[] | BinaryPacket<Definition> | BinaryPacket<Definition>[]\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Meta-type that converts a `Definition` schema to the type of the actual JavaScript object that will be written into a packet or read from. \\\r\n */\r\ntype ToJson<T extends Definition> = {\r\n  [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends ReadonlyArray<infer Item>\r\n    ? Item extends BinaryPacket<infer BPDef>\r\n      ? ToJson<BPDef>[]\r\n      : number[]\r\n    : T[K] extends BinaryPacket<infer BPDef>\r\n      ? ToJson<BPDef>\r\n      : number\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * In a JavaScript object, the order of its keys is not strictly defined: sort them by field name. \\\r\n * Thus, we cannot trust iterating over an object keys: we MUST iterate over its entries array. \\\r\n * This is important to make sure that whoever shares BinaryPacket definitions can correctly write/read packets independently of their JS engines.\r\n */\r\nfunction sortEntries(definition: Definition) {\r\n  return Object.entries(definition).sort(([fieldName1], [fieldName2]) =>\r\n    fieldName1.localeCompare(fieldName2)\r\n  )\r\n}\r\n\r\ntype Entries = ReturnType<typeof sortEntries>\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Helper function that \"inspects\" the entries of a BinaryPacket definition\r\n * and returns useful \"stats\" needed for writing and reading buffers.\r\n *\r\n * This function is ever called only once per BinaryPacket definition.\r\n */\r\nfunction inspectEntries(entries: Entries) {\r\n  // The PacketID is already 1 byte, that's why we aren't starting from 0.\r\n  let minimumByteLength = 1\r\n  let canFastWrite = true\r\n\r\n  for (const [, type] of entries) {\r\n    if (Array.isArray(type)) {\r\n      // Adding 1 byte to serialize the array length\r\n      minimumByteLength += 1\r\n      canFastWrite = false\r\n    } else if (type instanceof BinaryPacket) {\r\n      minimumByteLength += type.minimumByteLength\r\n      canFastWrite &&= type.canFastWrite\r\n    } else {\r\n      minimumByteLength += BYTE_SIZE[type]\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  return { minimumByteLength, canFastWrite }\r\n}\r\n\r\n//////////////////////////////////////////////\r\n// The logic here is practically over       //\r\n// Here below there are needed constants    //\r\n// that map a field-type to a functionality //\r\n//////////////////////////////////////////////\r\n\r\nconst BYTE_SIZE = Array(8)\r\n\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = 1\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.INT_8] = 1\r\n\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = 2\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.INT_16] = 2\r\n\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = 4\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.INT_32] = 4\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.FLOAT_32] = 4\r\n\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.FLOAT_64] = 8\r\n\r\nconst GET_FUNCTION: ((view: DataView, offset: number, littleEndian?: boolean) => number)[] =\r\n  Array(8)\r\n\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, offset) => view.getUint8(offset)\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_8] = (view, offset) => view.getInt8(offset)\r\n\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = (view, offset, le) => view.getUint16(offset, le)\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_16] = (view, offset, le) => view.getInt16(offset, le)\r\n\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = (view, offset, le) => view.getUint32(offset, le)\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_32] = (view, offset, le) => view.getInt32(offset, le)\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.FLOAT_32] = (view, offset, le) => view.getFloat32(offset, le)\r\n\r\nGET_FUNCTION[Field.FLOAT_64] = (view, offset, le) => view.getFloat64(offset, le)\r\n\r\nconst SET_FUNCTION: ((view: DataView, value: number, offset: number) => void)[] = Array(8)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.setUint8(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.setInt8(offset, value)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = (view, value, offset) => view.setUint16(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_16] = (view, value, offset) => view.setInt16(offset, value)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.setUint32(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.setInt32(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.FLOAT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.setFloat32(offset, value)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.FLOAT_64] = (view, value, offset) => view.setFloat64(offset, value)\r\n\r\nconst SET_FUNCTION_BUF: ((nodeBuffer: Buffer, value: number, offset: number) => void)[] = Array(8)\r\n\r\nif (hasNodeBuffers) {\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeUint8(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeInt8(value, offset)\r\n\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = (view, value, offset) =>\r\n    view.writeUint16LE(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_16] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeInt16LE(value, offset)\r\n\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = (view, value, offset) =>\r\n    view.writeUint32LE(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeInt32LE(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.FLOAT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeFloatLE(value, offset)\r\n\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.FLOAT_64] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeDoubleLE(value, offset)\r\n}\r\n\r\nconst GET_FUNCTION_BUF: ((nodeBuffer: Buffer, offset: number) => number)[] = Array(8)\r\n\r\nif (hasNodeBuffers) {\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, offset) => view.readUint8(offset)\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_8] = (view, offset) => view.readInt8(offset)\r\n\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = (view, offset) => view.readUint16LE(offset)\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_16] = (view, offset) => view.readInt16LE(offset)\r\n\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = (view, offset) => view.readUint32LE(offset)\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_32] = (view, offset) => view.readInt32LE(offset)\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.FLOAT_32] = (view, offset) => view.readFloatLE(offset)\r\n\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.FLOAT_64] = (view, offset) => 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+{"version":3,"sources":["../src/buffers.ts","../src/index.ts"],"sourcesContent":["export const hasNodeBuffers = typeof Buffer === 'function'\r\n\r\nexport function growDataView(dataview: DataView, newByteLength: number) {\r\n  const resizedBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(newByteLength)\r\n  const amountToCopy = Math.min(dataview.byteLength, resizedBuffer.byteLength)\r\n\r\n  // Treat the buffer as if it was a Float64Array so we can copy 8 bytes at a time, to finish faster\r\n  let length = Math.trunc(amountToCopy / 8)\r\n  new Float64Array(resizedBuffer, 0, length).set(new Float64Array(dataview.buffer, 0, length))\r\n\r\n  // Copy the remaining up to 7 bytes\r\n  const offset = length * 8\r\n  length = amountToCopy - offset\r\n  new Uint8Array(resizedBuffer, offset, length).set(new Uint8Array(dataview.buffer, offset, length))\r\n\r\n  return new DataView(resizedBuffer)\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport function growNodeBuffer(buffer: Buffer, newByteLength: number) {\r\n  const newBuffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(newByteLength)\r\n  buffer.copy(newBuffer)\r\n  return newBuffer\r\n}\r\n","import { growDataView, growNodeBuffer, hasNodeBuffers } from './buffers'\r\n\r\nexport const enum Field {\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 1 byte (8 bits) unsigned integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: 0 - 255)\r\n   */\r\n  UNSIGNED_INT_8 = 0,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 2 bytes (16 bits) unsigned integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: 0 - 65535)\r\n   */\r\n  UNSIGNED_INT_16,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 4 bytes (32 bits) unsigned integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: 0 - 4294967295)\r\n   */\r\n  UNSIGNED_INT_32,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 1 byte (8 bits) signed integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: -128 - 127)\r\n   */\r\n  INT_8,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 2 bytes (16 bits) signed integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: -32768 - 32767)\r\n   */\r\n  INT_16,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 4 bytes (32 bits) signed integer field. \\\r\n   * (Range: -2147483648 - 2147483647)\r\n   */\r\n  INT_32,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 4 bytes (32 bits) floating-point field. \\\r\n   */\r\n  FLOAT_32,\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a 8 bytes (64 bits) floating-point field. \\\r\n   */\r\n  FLOAT_64\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Defines an array of a certain type. \\\r\n * As of now, only arrays with at most 256 elements are supported.\r\n */\r\nexport function FieldArray<T extends Field | BinaryPacket<Definition>>(item: T) {\r\n  return [item]\r\n}\r\n\r\nexport class BinaryPacket<T extends Definition> {\r\n  /**\r\n   * Defines a new binary packet. \\\r\n   * Make sure that every `packetId` is unique.\r\n   * @throws RangeError If packetId is negative, floating-point, or greater than 255.\r\n   */\r\n  static define<T extends Definition>(packetId: number, definition?: T) {\r\n    if (packetId < 0 || !Number.isFinite(packetId)) {\r\n      throw new RangeError('Packet IDs must be positive integers.')\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (packetId > 255) {\r\n      throw new RangeError(\r\n        'Packet IDs greater than 255 are not supported. Do you REALLY need more than 255 different kinds of packets?'\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return new BinaryPacket(packetId, definition)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads just the packetId from the given Buffer. \\\r\n   * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset` (default: 0). \\\r\n   * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.\r\n   */\r\n  static readPacketIdNodeBuffer(buffer: Buffer, byteOffset = 0) {\r\n    return buffer.readUint8(byteOffset)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads just the packetId from the given DataView. \\\r\n   * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset` (default: 0). \\\r\n   * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.\r\n   */\r\n  static readPacketIdDataView(dataview: DataView, byteOffset = 0) {\r\n    return dataview.getUint8(byteOffset)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads just the packetId from the given ArrayBuffer. \\\r\n   * This method practically just reads the uint8 at offset `byteOffset`. \\\r\n   * Useful if the receiving side receives multiple types of packets.\r\n   *\r\n   * NOTE: Due to security issues, the `byteOffset` argument cannot be defaulted and must be provided by the user. \\\r\n   * NOTE: For more information read the `readArrayBuffer` method documentation.\r\n   */\r\n  static readPacketIdArrayBuffer(arraybuffer: ArrayBuffer, byteOffset: number) {\r\n    return new Uint8Array(arraybuffer, byteOffset, 1)[0]\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads/deserializes from the given Buffer. \\\r\n   * Method available ONLY on NodeJS and Bun.\r\n   *\r\n   * If possible, always prefer reading using this method, as it is much faster than the other ones.\r\n   *\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer do not bother wrapping it into a node Buffer yourself. \\\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer use the appropriate `readArrayBuffer`.\r\n   */\r\n  readNodeBuffer(\r\n    dataIn: Buffer,\r\n    offsetPointer = { offset: 0 },\r\n    byteLength = dataIn.byteLength\r\n  ): ToJson<T> {\r\n    return this.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, GET_FUNCTION_BUF)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads/deserializes from the given DataView.\r\n   *\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer do not bother wrapping it into a DataView yourself. \\\r\n   * NOTE: if you have an ArrayBuffer use the appropriate `readArrayBuffer`.\r\n   */\r\n  readDataView(\r\n    dataIn: DataView,\r\n    offsetPointer = { offset: 0 },\r\n    byteLength = dataIn.byteLength\r\n  ): ToJson<T> {\r\n    return this.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, GET_FUNCTION)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Reads/deserializes from the given ArrayBuffer. \\\r\n   * WARNING: this method is practically a HACK.\r\n   *\r\n   * When using this method both the `byteOffset` and `byteLength` are REQUIRED and cannot be defaulted. \\\r\n   * This is to prevent serious bugs and security issues. \\\r\n   * That is because often raw ArrayBuffers come from a pre-allocated buffer pool and do not start at byteOffset 0.\r\n   *\r\n   * NOTE: if you have a node Buffer do not bother wrapping it into an ArrayBuffer yourself. \\\r\n   * NOTE: if you have a node Buffer use the appropriate `readNodeBuffer` as it is much faster and less error prone.\r\n   */\r\n  readArrayBuffer(\r\n    dataIn: ArrayBuffer & { buffer?: undefined },\r\n    byteOffset: number,\r\n    byteLength: number\r\n  ) {\r\n    return this.read(\r\n      hasNodeBuffers\r\n        ? Buffer.from(dataIn, byteOffset, byteLength)\r\n        : new DataView(dataIn, byteOffset, byteLength),\r\n      { offset: 0 }, // The underlying buffer has already been offsetted\r\n      byteLength,\r\n      hasNodeBuffers ? GET_FUNCTION_BUF : GET_FUNCTION\r\n    )\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Writes/serializes the given object into a Buffer. \\\r\n   * Method available ONLY on NodeJS and Bun.\r\n   *\r\n   * If possible, always prefer writing using this method, as it is much faster than the other ones.\r\n   */\r\n  writeNodeBuffer(dataOut: ToJson<T>) {\r\n    const buffer = Buffer.allocUnsafe(this.minimumByteLength)\r\n    return this.write(buffer, dataOut, { offset: 0 }, SET_FUNCTION_BUF, growNodeBuffer)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Writes/serializes the given object into a DataView. \\\r\n   */\r\n  writeDataView(dataOut: ToJson<T>) {\r\n    const dataview = new DataView(new ArrayBuffer(this.minimumByteLength))\r\n    return this.write(dataview, dataOut, { offset: 0 }, SET_FUNCTION, growDataView)\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * Writes/serializes the given object into an ArrayBuffer. \\\r\n   * This method is just a wrapper around either  `writeNodeBuffer` or `writeDataView`. \\\r\n   *\r\n   * This method works with JavaScript standard raw ArrayBuffer(s) and, as such, is very error prone: \\\r\n   * Make sure you're using the returned byteLength and byteOffset fields in the read counterpart. \\\r\n   *\r\n   * Always consider whether is possible to use directly `writeNodeBuffer` or `writeDataView` instead of `writeArrayBuffer`. \\\r\n   * For more information read the `readArrayBuffer` documentation.\r\n   */\r\n  writeArrayBuffer(dataOut: ToJson<T>) {\r\n    const buf = hasNodeBuffers ? this.writeNodeBuffer(dataOut) : this.writeDataView(dataOut)\r\n    return { buffer: buf.buffer, byteLength: buf.byteLength, byteOffset: buf.byteOffset }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private readonly entries: Entries\r\n  readonly canFastWrite: boolean\r\n  readonly minimumByteLength: number\r\n\r\n  private constructor(\r\n    private readonly packetId: number,\r\n    definition?: T\r\n  ) {\r\n    this.entries = definition ? sortEntries(definition) : []\r\n    const inspection = inspectEntries(this.entries)\r\n\r\n    this.minimumByteLength = inspection.minimumByteLength\r\n    this.canFastWrite = inspection.canFastWrite\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private read(\r\n    dataIn: DataView | Buffer,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    byteLength: number,\r\n    readFunctions: typeof GET_FUNCTION | typeof GET_FUNCTION_BUF\r\n  ): ToJson<T> {\r\n    if (byteLength + offsetPointer.offset < this.minimumByteLength) {\r\n      throw new Error(\r\n        `There is no space available to fit a packet of type ${this.packetId} at offset ${offsetPointer.offset}`\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    if (\r\n      readFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset) !== this.packetId\r\n    ) {\r\n      throw new Error(\r\n        `Data at offset ${offsetPointer.offset} is not a packet of type ${this.packetId}`\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n    const result: any = {}\r\n\r\n    for (const [name, def] of this.entries) {\r\n      if (Array.isArray(def)) {\r\n        const length = readFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset++)\r\n        const array = Array(length)\r\n\r\n        const itemType = def[0]\r\n\r\n        if (typeof itemType === 'object') {\r\n          // Array of \"subpackets\"\r\n          for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {\r\n            array[i] = itemType.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, readFunctions)\r\n          }\r\n        } else {\r\n          // Array of primitives (numbers)\r\n          const itemSize = BYTE_SIZE[itemType]\r\n\r\n          // It seems like looping over each element is actually much faster than using TypedArrays bulk copy.\r\n          // TODO: properly benchmark with various array sizes to see if it's actually the case.\r\n          for (let i = 0; i < length; ++i) {\r\n            array[i] = readFunctions[itemType](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n            offsetPointer.offset += itemSize\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n\r\n        result[name] = array\r\n      } else if (typeof def === 'object') {\r\n        // Single \"subpacket\"\r\n        result[name] = def.read(dataIn, offsetPointer, byteLength, readFunctions)\r\n      } else {\r\n        // Single primitive (number)\r\n        result[name] = readFunctions[def](dataIn as any, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += BYTE_SIZE[def]\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return result as ToJson<T>\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private write<Buf extends DataView | Buffer>(\r\n    buffer: Buf,\r\n    dataOut: ToJson<T>,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    writeFunctions: typeof SET_FUNCTION | typeof SET_FUNCTION_BUF,\r\n    growBufferFunction: (buffer: Buf, newByteLength: number) => Buf\r\n  ): Buf {\r\n    writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](buffer as any, this.packetId, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n    offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n    if (this.canFastWrite) {\r\n      // If there are no arrays, the minimumByteLength always equals to the full needed byteLength.\r\n      // So we can take the fast path, since we know beforehand that the buffer isn't going to grow.\r\n      this.fastWrite(buffer, dataOut, offsetPointer, writeFunctions)\r\n      return buffer\r\n    } else {\r\n      // If non-empty arrays are encountered, the buffer must grow.\r\n      // If every array is empty, the speed of this path is comparable to the fast path.\r\n      return this.slowWrite(\r\n        buffer,\r\n        dataOut,\r\n        offsetPointer,\r\n        this.minimumByteLength,\r\n        this.minimumByteLength,\r\n        writeFunctions,\r\n        growBufferFunction\r\n      )\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  private fastWrite<Buf extends DataView | Buffer>(\r\n    buffer: Buf,\r\n    dataOut: ToJson<T>,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    writeFunctions: typeof SET_FUNCTION | typeof SET_FUNCTION_BUF\r\n  ) {\r\n    for (const [name, def] of this.entries) {\r\n      if (typeof def === 'object') {\r\n        // Single \"subpacket\"\r\n        // In fastWrite there cannot be arrays, but the cast is needed because TypeScript can't possibly know that.\r\n        ;(def as BinaryPacket<Definition>).fastWrite(\r\n          buffer,\r\n          dataOut[name] as ToJson<Definition>,\r\n          offsetPointer,\r\n          writeFunctions\r\n        )\r\n      } else {\r\n        // Single primitive (number)\r\n        writeFunctions[def](buffer as any, dataOut[name] as number, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += BYTE_SIZE[def]\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  /**\r\n   * The slow writing path tries writing data into the buffer as fast as the fast writing path does. \\\r\n   * But, if a non-empty array is encountered, the buffer needs to grow, slightly reducing performance.\r\n   */\r\n  private slowWrite<Buf extends DataView | Buffer>(\r\n    buffer: Buf,\r\n    dataOut: ToJson<T>,\r\n    offsetPointer: { offset: number },\r\n    byteLength: number,\r\n    maxByteLength: number,\r\n    writeFunctions: typeof SET_FUNCTION | typeof SET_FUNCTION_BUF,\r\n    growBufferFunction: (buffer: Buf, newByteLength: number) => Buf\r\n  ): Buf {\r\n    for (const [name, def] of this.entries) {\r\n      const data = dataOut[name]\r\n\r\n      if (Array.isArray(def)) {\r\n        // Could be both an array of just numbers or \"subpackets\"\r\n        const length = (data as any[]).length\r\n\r\n        writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](buffer as any, length, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n        if (length > 0) {\r\n          const itemType = def[0]\r\n\r\n          if (typeof itemType === 'object') {\r\n            // Array of \"subpackets\"\r\n            const neededBytesForElements = length * itemType.minimumByteLength\r\n\r\n            byteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n            maxByteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n\r\n            if (buffer.byteLength < maxByteLength) {\r\n              buffer = growBufferFunction(buffer, maxByteLength)\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            for (const object of data as unknown as ToJson<Definition>[]) {\r\n              writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](\r\n                buffer as any,\r\n                itemType.packetId,\r\n                offsetPointer.offset\r\n              )\r\n\r\n              offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n              buffer = itemType.slowWrite(\r\n                buffer,\r\n                object,\r\n                offsetPointer,\r\n                byteLength,\r\n                maxByteLength,\r\n                writeFunctions,\r\n                growBufferFunction\r\n              )\r\n\r\n              byteLength = offsetPointer.offset\r\n              maxByteLength = buffer.byteLength\r\n            }\r\n          } else {\r\n            // Array of primitives (numbers)\r\n            const itemSize = BYTE_SIZE[itemType]\r\n            const neededBytesForElements = length * itemSize\r\n\r\n            byteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n            maxByteLength += neededBytesForElements\r\n\r\n            if (buffer.byteLength < maxByteLength) {\r\n              buffer = growBufferFunction(buffer, maxByteLength)\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            // It seems like looping over each element is actually much faster than using TypedArrays bulk copy.\r\n            // TODO: properly benchmark with various array sizes to see if it's actually the case.\r\n            for (const number of data as number[]) {\r\n              writeFunctions[itemType](buffer as any, number, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n              offsetPointer.offset += itemSize\r\n            }\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      } else if (typeof def === 'object') {\r\n        // Single \"subpacket\"\r\n        writeFunctions[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8](buffer as any, def.packetId, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += 1\r\n\r\n        buffer = def.slowWrite(\r\n          buffer,\r\n          data as ToJson<Definition>,\r\n          offsetPointer,\r\n          byteLength,\r\n          maxByteLength,\r\n          writeFunctions,\r\n          growBufferFunction\r\n        )\r\n\r\n        byteLength = offsetPointer.offset\r\n        maxByteLength = buffer.byteLength\r\n      } else {\r\n        // Single primitive (number)\r\n        writeFunctions[def](buffer as any, data as number, offsetPointer.offset)\r\n        offsetPointer.offset += BYTE_SIZE[def]\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    return buffer\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * BinaryPacket definition: \\\r\n * Any packet can be defined through a \"schema\" object explaining its fields names and types.\r\n *\r\n * @example\r\n * // Imagine we have a game board where each cell is a square and is one unit big.\r\n * // A cell can be then defined by its X and Y coordinates.\r\n * // For simplicity, let's say there cannot be more than 256 cells, so we can use 8 bits for each coordinate.\r\n * const Cell = {\r\n *  x: Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8,\r\n *  y: Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8\r\n * }\r\n *\r\n * // When done with the cell definition we can create its BinaryPacket writer/reader.\r\n * // NOTE: each BinaryPacket needs an unique ID, for identification purposes and error checking.\r\n * const CellPacket = BinaryPacket.define(0, Cell)\r\n *\r\n * // Let's now make the definition of the whole game board.\r\n * // You can also specify arrays of both \"primitive\" fields and other BinaryPackets.\r\n * const Board = {\r\n *  numPlayers: Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8,\r\n *  cells: FieldArray(CellPacket) // equivalent to { cells: [CellPacket] }\r\n * }\r\n *\r\n * // When done with the board definition we can create its BinaryPacket writer/reader.\r\n * // NOTE: each BinaryPacket needs an unique ID, for identification purposes and error checking.\r\n * const BoardPacket = BinaryPacket.define(1, Board)\r\n *\r\n * // And use it.\r\n * const buffer = BoardPacket.writeNodeBuffer({\r\n *  numPlayers: 1,\r\n *  cells: [\r\n *    { x: 0, y: 0 },\r\n *    { x: 1, y: 1 }\r\n *  ]\r\n * })\r\n *\r\n * // sendTheBufferOver(buffer)\r\n * // ...\r\n * // const buffer = receiveTheBuffer()\r\n * const board = BoardPacket.readNodeBuffer(buffer)\r\n * // ...\r\n */\r\nexport type Definition = {\r\n  [fieldName: string]: Field | Field[] | BinaryPacket<Definition> | BinaryPacket<Definition>[]\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Meta-type that converts a `Definition` schema to the type of the actual JavaScript object that will be written into a packet or read from. \\\r\n */\r\ntype ToJson<T extends Definition> = {\r\n  [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends ReadonlyArray<infer Item>\r\n    ? Item extends BinaryPacket<infer BPDef>\r\n      ? ToJson<BPDef>[]\r\n      : number[]\r\n    : T[K] extends BinaryPacket<infer BPDef>\r\n      ? ToJson<BPDef>\r\n      : number\r\n}\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * In a JavaScript object, the order of its keys is not strictly defined: sort them by field name. \\\r\n * Thus, we cannot trust iterating over an object keys: we MUST iterate over its entries array. \\\r\n * This is important to make sure that whoever shares BinaryPacket definitions can correctly write/read packets independently of their JS engines.\r\n */\r\nfunction sortEntries(definition: Definition) {\r\n  return Object.entries(definition).sort(([fieldName1], [fieldName2]) =>\r\n    fieldName1.localeCompare(fieldName2)\r\n  )\r\n}\r\n\r\ntype Entries = ReturnType<typeof sortEntries>\r\n\r\n/**\r\n * Helper function that \"inspects\" the entries of a BinaryPacket definition\r\n * and returns useful \"stats\" needed for writing and reading buffers.\r\n *\r\n * This function is ever called only once per BinaryPacket definition.\r\n */\r\nfunction inspectEntries(entries: Entries) {\r\n  // The PacketID is already 1 byte, that's why we aren't starting from 0.\r\n  let minimumByteLength = 1\r\n  let canFastWrite = true\r\n\r\n  for (const [, type] of entries) {\r\n    if (Array.isArray(type)) {\r\n      // Adding 1 byte to serialize the array length\r\n      minimumByteLength += 1\r\n      canFastWrite = false\r\n    } else if (type instanceof BinaryPacket) {\r\n      minimumByteLength += type.minimumByteLength\r\n      canFastWrite &&= type.canFastWrite\r\n    } else {\r\n      minimumByteLength += BYTE_SIZE[type]\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  return { minimumByteLength, canFastWrite }\r\n}\r\n\r\n//////////////////////////////////////////////\r\n// The logic here is practically over       //\r\n// Here below there are needed constants    //\r\n// that map a field-type to a functionality //\r\n//////////////////////////////////////////////\r\n\r\nconst BYTE_SIZE = Array(8)\r\n\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = 1\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.INT_8] = 1\r\n\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = 2\r\nBYTE_SIZE[Field.INT_16] = 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offset: number) => void)[] = Array(8)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.setUint8(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.setInt8(offset, value)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = (view, value, offset) => view.setUint16(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_16] = (view, value, offset) => view.setInt16(offset, value)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.setUint32(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.INT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.setInt32(offset, value)\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.FLOAT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.setFloat32(offset, value)\r\n\r\nSET_FUNCTION[Field.FLOAT_64] = (view, value, offset) => view.setFloat64(offset, value)\r\n\r\nconst SET_FUNCTION_BUF: ((nodeBuffer: Buffer, value: number, offset: number) => void)[] = Array(8)\r\n\r\nif (hasNodeBuffers) {\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeUint8(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_8] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeInt8(value, offset)\r\n\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_16] = (view, value, offset) =>\r\n    view.writeUint16LE(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_16] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeInt16LE(value, offset)\r\n\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_32] = (view, value, offset) =>\r\n    view.writeUint32LE(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeInt32LE(value, offset)\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.FLOAT_32] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeFloatLE(value, offset)\r\n\r\n  SET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.FLOAT_64] = (view, value, offset) => view.writeDoubleLE(value, offset)\r\n}\r\n\r\nconst GET_FUNCTION_BUF: ((nodeBuffer: Buffer, offset: number) => number)[] = Array(8)\r\n\r\nif (hasNodeBuffers) {\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.UNSIGNED_INT_8] = (view, offset) => view.readUint8(offset)\r\n  GET_FUNCTION_BUF[Field.INT_8] = 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package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "binary-packet",
-  "version": "1.0.2",
+  "version": "1.0.4",
   "description": "Lightweight and hyper-fast, zero-dependencies, TypeScript-first, schema-based binary packets serialization and deserialization library",
   "main": "./dist/index.js",
   "module": "./dist/index.mjs",
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
   "scripts": {
     "build": "tsup",
     "test": "node -r ts-node/register/transpile-only src/tests/reads.test.ts && node -r ts-node/register/transpile-only src/tests/writes.test.ts",
-    "benchmark": "node -r ts-node/register/transpile-only src/tests/benchmark.test.ts"
+    "benchmark": "node -r ts-node/register/transpile-only src/tests/benchmark.test.ts",
+    "lint": "eslint"
   },
   "keywords": [
     "binary-packet",
@@ -45,13 +46,15 @@
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "devDependencies": {
     "colors": "^1.4.0",
+    "eslint": "^9.12.0",
     "msgpackr": "^1.11.0",
     "prettier": "^3.3.3",
     "prettier-plugin-organize-imports": "^4.1.0",
     "restructure": "^3.0.2",
     "ts-node": "^10.9.2",
     "tsup": "^8.3.0",
-    "typescript": "^5.6.2"
+    "typescript": "^5.6.2",
+    "typescript-eslint": "^8.8.1"
   },
   "engines": {
     "node": ">=16"