binary-decision-diagram 4.0.0 → 5.0.0

package/dist/esm/src/ordering/exact-ordering.js

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+import { naturalOrdering } from './dense-truth-table.js';
+import { OrderingEvaluator } from './ordering-evaluator.js';
+import { SharedDiagram, StateHeap, DiagramBudgetExceededError, DEFAULT_MAX_DIAGRAM_NODES } from './shared-diagram.js';
+/**
+ * The number of nodes on a level of a reduced BDD only depends on the SET of
+ * variables above that level, not on their order (Friedman & Supowit, 1990):
+ * it is the amount of distinct cofactors with respect to that set that still
+ * depend on the level's variable.
+ *
+ * Therefore the optimal ordering is a shortest path through the lattice of
+ * variable subsets, from the empty set to the full set, where the edge
+ * S -> S + {x} costs the amount of nodes that test x when exactly the
+ * variables of S are above it.
+ *
+ * This class finds that shortest path with an A* search. Each subset S is
+ * represented by the set of its distinct non-constant cofactors, which are
+ * nodes of one shared hash-consed diagram in the natural variable order
+ * (so equal functions always have equal ids). The admissible estimate for the
+ * remaining cost of a subset is the amount of its distinct non-constant
+ * cofactors: each of them needs its own node below.
+ *
+ * With a good upper bound (from the local search) the search typically only
+ * has to look at a tiny fraction of the 2^n subsets.
+ */
+export class ExactOrderingSearch {
+    table;
+    diagram;
+    n;
+    terminalCount;
+    constructor(table, options = {}) {
+        this.table = table;
+        if (table.dontCareTerminal >= 0) {
+            throw new Error('the exact search needs a truth table without don\'t-care rows, resolve them with OrderingEvaluator.complete() first');
+        }
+        this.diagram = new SharedDiagram(table, options.maxDiagramNodes === undefined ? DEFAULT_MAX_DIAGRAM_NODES : options.maxDiagramNodes);
+        this.n = table.variableCount;
+        this.terminalCount = table.terminalValues.length;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Moves the boolean functions the truth table does not depend on
+     * to the bottom. This never changes the amount of internal nodes
+     * but ensures the root node tests a relevant boolean function.
+     */
+    normalizeOrdering(ordering) {
+        return this.diagram.normalizeOrdering(ordering);
+    }
+    run(options = {}) {
+        const log = options.log ? options.log : () => null;
+        const maxExpansions = options.maxExpansions === undefined ? 200000 : options.maxExpansions;
+        const maxCofactorEntries = options.maxCofactorEntries === undefined ? Math.pow(2, 25) : options.maxCofactorEntries;
+        const diagram = this.diagram;
+        const relevant = diagram.relevant;
+        const m = relevant.length;
+        const irrelevant = diagram.irrelevantVariables();
+        // upper bound
+        let upperBound = options.upperBound === undefined ? Infinity : options.upperBound;
+        let incumbent = null;
+        if (options.upperBoundOrdering) {
+            incumbent = this.normalizeOrdering(options.upperBoundOrdering);
+            const incumbentCount = new OrderingEvaluator(this.table).evaluate(incumbent).internalNodeCount;
+            if (incumbentCount >= upperBound) {
+                // the numeric bound is at least as good, the incumbent cannot be the answer
+                incumbent = null;
+            }
+            else {
+                upperBound = incumbentCount;
+            }
+        }
+        const giveUp = (reason, expansionCount, generatedCount) => {
+            log('exact search: ' + reason);
+            return {
+                solved: false,
+                ordering: incumbent,
+                internalNodeCount: incumbent ? upperBound : -1,
+                expansions: expansionCount,
+                generated: generatedCount
+            };
+        };
+        if (diagram.overBudget) {
+            return giveUp('diagram budget exceeded', 0, 0);
+        }
+        if (m === 0) {
+            // constant function: every ordering has 0 internal nodes
+            const constantOrdering = upperBound > 0 ? naturalOrdering(this.n) : incumbent;
+            return {
+                solved: true,
+                ordering: constantOrdering,
+                internalNodeCount: constantOrdering ? 0 : -1,
+                expansions: 0,
+                generated: 0
+            };
+        }
+        const full = (1 << m) - 1;
+        const cofactors = new Map();
+        const bestCost = new Map();
+        const parentVariable = new Map();
+        const closed = new Set();
+        const heap = new StateHeap();
+        const startSet = new Int32Array(1);
+        startSet[0] = diagram.rootId;
+        cofactors.set(0, startSet);
+        bestCost.set(0, 0);
+        heap.push(this.estimate(0, startSet), 0, 0);
+        let expansions = 0;
+        let generated = 1;
+        let storedEntries = 1;
+        let solvedSet = -1;
+        let solvedCost = -1;
+        try {
+            while (heap.size > 0) {
+                const state = heap.pop();
+                const currentCost = state.cost;
+                const subset = state.subset;
+                if (currentCost !== bestCost.get(subset) || closed.has(subset)) {
+                    // stale heap entry
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (state.estimate >= upperBound) {
+                    // nothing left that can beat the upper bound
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (subset === full) {
+                    solvedSet = subset;
+                    solvedCost = currentCost;
+                    break;
+                }
+                closed.add(subset);
+                expansions++;
+                if (expansions > maxExpansions) {
+                    return giveUp('expansion budget exceeded', expansions, generated);
+                }
+                if (storedEntries > maxCofactorEntries) {
+                    return giveUp('memory budget exceeded', expansions, generated);
+                }
+                if (expansions % 10000 === 0) {
+                    log('exact search: ' + expansions + ' states expanded, ' + generated + ' generated, ' + heap.size + ' open');
+                }
+                const set = cofactors.get(subset);
+                for (let c = 0; c < m; c++) {
+                    const bit = 1 << c;
+                    if ((subset & bit) !== 0) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    const variable = relevant[c];
+                    let edgeCost = 0;
+                    for (let i = 0; i < set.length; i++) {
+                        if ((diagram.supportOf(set[i]) & bit) !== 0) {
+                            edgeCost++;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    const nextCost = currentCost + edgeCost;
+                    const nextSubset = subset | bit;
+                    const knownCost = bestCost.get(nextSubset);
+                    if (knownCost !== undefined && knownCost <= nextCost) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    let nextSet = cofactors.get(nextSubset);
+                    if (nextSet === undefined) {
+                        nextSet = this.cofactorsAfter(set, variable);
+                        cofactors.set(nextSubset, nextSet);
+                        generated++;
+                        storedEntries += nextSet.length;
+                    }
+                    const estimate = nextCost + this.estimate(nextSubset, nextSet);
+                    if (estimate >= upperBound) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    bestCost.set(nextSubset, nextCost);
+                    parentVariable.set(nextSubset, variable);
+                    closed.delete(nextSubset);
+                    heap.push(estimate, nextCost, nextSubset);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch (err) {
+            if (err instanceof DiagramBudgetExceededError) {
+                return giveUp('diagram budget exceeded', expansions, generated);
+            }
+            throw err;
+        }
+        if (solvedSet === -1) {
+            // no ordering below the upper bound exists: the incumbent (if any) is optimal
+            return {
+                solved: true,
+                ordering: incumbent,
+                internalNodeCount: incumbent ? upperBound : -1,
+                expansions,
+                generated
+            };
+        }
+        // reconstruct the path
+        const reversed = [];
+        let remainingSubset = solvedSet;
+        while (remainingSubset !== 0) {
+            const variable = parentVariable.get(remainingSubset);
+            reversed.push(variable);
+            remainingSubset = remainingSubset & ~(1 << diagram.compactOf[variable]);
+        }
+        const ordering = reversed.reverse().concat(irrelevant);
+        return {
+            solved: true,
+            ordering,
+            internalNodeCount: solvedCost,
+            expansions,
+            generated
+        };
+    }
+    /**
+     * lower bound for the amount of nodes below the given subset
+     */
+    estimate(subset, set) {
+        let union = 0;
+        for (let i = 0; i < set.length; i++) {
+            union |= this.diagram.supportOf(set[i]);
+        }
+        const remaining = union & ~subset;
+        let remainingCount = 0;
+        for (let x = remaining; x !== 0; x &= x - 1) {
+            remainingCount++;
+        }
+        return Math.max(set.length, remainingCount);
+    }
+    /**
+     * the distinct non-constant cofactors after additionally fixing `variable`
+     */
+    cofactorsAfter(set, variable) {
+        const diagram = this.diagram;
+        const bit = 1 << diagram.compactOf[variable];
+        const candidates = new Int32Array(set.length * 2);
+        let count = 0;
+        for (let i = 0; i < set.length; i++) {
+            const g = set[i];
+            if ((diagram.supportOf(g) & bit) === 0) {
+                candidates[count++] = g;
+                continue;
+            }
+            const lo = diagram.restrict(g, variable, 0);
+            if (lo >= this.terminalCount) {
+                candidates[count++] = lo;
+            }
+            const hi = diagram.restrict(g, variable, 1);
+            if (hi >= this.terminalCount) {
+                candidates[count++] = hi;
+            }
+        }
+        const sorted = candidates.subarray(0, count).sort();
+        let unique = 0;
+        for (let i = 0; i < sorted.length; i++) {
+            if (i === 0 || sorted[i] !== sorted[i - 1]) {
+                sorted[unique++] = sorted[i];
+            }
+        }
+        return sorted.slice(0, unique);
+    }
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=exact-ordering.js.map

package/dist/esm/src/ordering/exact-ordering.js.map

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package/dist/esm/src/ordering/index.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/**
+ * Public API of the variable ordering optimizer, see docs/variable-ordering.md.
+ *
+ * - optimize-ordering.ts: optimizeOrdering(), findOrdering(), createBddWithOrdering()
+ * - ordering-evaluator.ts: counts the nodes (and the expected cost) of any ordering in O(2^n)
+ * - local-search.ts: deterministic seeds, sifting and window permutation
+ * - exact-ordering.ts, exact-cost-ordering.ts: A* searches that prove optimality
+ * - shared-diagram.ts: the shared function diagram the exact searches work on
+ * - dense-truth-table.ts, build-bdd.ts, int-pair-map.ts: data structures and helpers
+ */
+export { optimizeOrdering, findOrdering, createBddWithOrdering, buildCostModel, DEFAULT_MAX_EXACT_VARIABLES, DEFAULT_MAX_EXACT_NODE_COUNT } from './optimize-ordering.js';
+export type { FindOrderingInput, FindOrderingResult, OptimizeOrderingInput, OptimizeOrderingResult, OptimizeOrderingStats } from './optimize-ordering.js';
+export { OrderingEvaluator, OrderingCursor } from './ordering-evaluator.js';
+export type { CostModel, OrderingEvaluation, ReducedDiagram } from './ordering-evaluator.js';
+export { LocalOrderingSearch, DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE, DEFAULT_MAX_ROUNDS, MAX_WINDOW_SIZE } from './local-search.js';
+export type { LocalSearchOptions, OrderingSearchResult, OrderingProgress, OrderingProgressCallback } from './local-search.js';
+export { ExactOrderingSearch } from './exact-ordering.js';
+export type { ExactOrderingOptions, ExactOrderingResult } from './exact-ordering.js';
+export { ExactCostOrderingSearch } from './exact-cost-ordering.js';
+export type { ExactCostOrderingOptions, ExactCostOrderingResult } from './exact-cost-ordering.js';
+export { parseTruthTable, denseTruthTableToMap, naturalOrdering, MAX_VARIABLE_COUNT } from './dense-truth-table.js';
+export type { DenseTruthTable } from './dense-truth-table.js';

package/dist/esm/src/ordering/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/**
+ * Public API of the variable ordering optimizer, see docs/variable-ordering.md.
+ *
+ * - optimize-ordering.ts: optimizeOrdering(), findOrdering(), createBddWithOrdering()
+ * - ordering-evaluator.ts: counts the nodes (and the expected cost) of any ordering in O(2^n)
+ * - local-search.ts: deterministic seeds, sifting and window permutation
+ * - exact-ordering.ts, exact-cost-ordering.ts: A* searches that prove optimality
+ * - shared-diagram.ts: the shared function diagram the exact searches work on
+ * - dense-truth-table.ts, build-bdd.ts, int-pair-map.ts: data structures and helpers
+ */
+export { optimizeOrdering, findOrdering, createBddWithOrdering, buildCostModel, DEFAULT_MAX_EXACT_VARIABLES, DEFAULT_MAX_EXACT_NODE_COUNT } from './optimize-ordering.js';
+export { OrderingEvaluator, OrderingCursor } from './ordering-evaluator.js';
+export { LocalOrderingSearch, DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE, DEFAULT_MAX_ROUNDS, MAX_WINDOW_SIZE } from './local-search.js';
+export { ExactOrderingSearch } from './exact-ordering.js';
+export { ExactCostOrderingSearch } from './exact-cost-ordering.js';
+export { parseTruthTable, denseTruthTableToMap, naturalOrdering, MAX_VARIABLE_COUNT } from './dense-truth-table.js';
+//# sourceMappingURL=index.js.map

package/dist/esm/src/ordering/index.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"index.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../../src/ordering/index.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;GASG;AACH,OAAO,EACH,gBAAgB,EAChB,YAAY,EACZ,qBAAqB,EACrB,cAAc,EACd,2BAA2B,EAC3B,4BAA4B,EAC/B,MAAM,wBAAwB,CAAC;AAQhC,OAAO,EACH,iBAAiB,EACjB,cAAc,EACjB,MAAM,yBAAyB,CAAC;AAMjC,OAAO,EACH,mBAAmB,EACnB,mBAAmB,EACnB,kBAAkB,EAClB,eAAe,EAClB,MAAM,mBAAmB,CAAC;AAO3B,OAAO,EAAE,mBAAmB,EAAE,MAAM,qBAAqB,CAAC;AAE1D,OAAO,EAAE,uBAAuB,EAAE,MAAM,0BAA0B,CAAC;AAEnE,OAAO,EACH,eAAe,EACf,oBAAoB,EACpB,eAAe,EACf,kBAAkB,EACrB,MAAM,wBAAwB,CAAC"}

package/dist/esm/src/ordering/int-pair-map.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/**
+ * Open addressing hash map from a pair of non-negative 32 bit integers
+ * to a non-negative 32 bit integer. Used in the hot paths of the exact search
+ * where a Map with string keys would be far too slow.
+ */
+export declare class IntPairMap {
+    size: number;
+    private keysA;
+    private keysB;
+    private values;
+    private mask;
+    constructor(initialCapacity?: number);
+    /**
+     * @returns the stored value or -1
+     */
+    get(a: number, b: number): number;
+    set(a: number, b: number, value: number): void;
+    private hash;
+    private grow;
+}

package/dist/esm/src/ordering/int-pair-map.js

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/**
+ * Open addressing hash map from a pair of non-negative 32 bit integers
+ * to a non-negative 32 bit integer. Used in the hot paths of the exact search
+ * where a Map with string keys would be far too slow.
+ */
+export class IntPairMap {
+    size = 0;
+    keysA;
+    keysB;
+    values;
+    mask;
+    constructor(initialCapacity = 1024) {
+        let capacity = 16;
+        while (capacity < initialCapacity) {
+            capacity *= 2;
+        }
+        this.keysA = new Int32Array(capacity).fill(-1);
+        this.keysB = new Int32Array(capacity);
+        this.values = new Int32Array(capacity);
+        this.mask = capacity - 1;
+    }
+    /**
+     * @returns the stored value or -1
+     */
+    get(a, b) {
+        let h = this.hash(a, b);
+        while (true) {
+            const storedA = this.keysA[h];
+            if (storedA === -1) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (storedA === a && this.keysB[h] === b) {
+                return this.values[h];
+            }
+            h = (h + 1) & this.mask;
+        }
+    }
+    set(a, b, value) {
+        if ((this.size + 1) * 2 > this.keysA.length) {
+            this.grow();
+        }
+        let h = this.hash(a, b);
+        while (true) {
+            const storedA = this.keysA[h];
+            if (storedA === -1) {
+                this.keysA[h] = a;
+                this.keysB[h] = b;
+                this.values[h] = value;
+                this.size++;
+                return;
+            }
+            if (storedA === a && this.keysB[h] === b) {
+                this.values[h] = value;
+                return;
+            }
+            h = (h + 1) & this.mask;
+        }
+    }
+    hash(a, b) {
+        let h = (Math.imul(a, 0x9E3779B1) ^ Math.imul(b + 0x7F4A7C15, 0x85EBCA77)) >>> 0;
+        h ^= h >>> 15;
+        return h & this.mask;
+    }
+    grow() {
+        const oldA = this.keysA;
+        const oldB = this.keysB;
+        const oldValues = this.values;
+        const capacity = oldA.length * 2;
+        this.keysA = new Int32Array(capacity).fill(-1);
+        this.keysB = new Int32Array(capacity);
+        this.values = new Int32Array(capacity);
+        this.mask = capacity - 1;
+        this.size = 0;
+        for (let i = 0; i < oldA.length; i++) {
+            if (oldA[i] !== -1) {
+                this.set(oldA[i], oldB[i], oldValues[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=int-pair-map.js.map

package/dist/esm/src/ordering/int-pair-map.js.map

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package/dist/esm/src/ordering/local-search.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+import { OrderingEvaluator, OrderingEvaluation } from './ordering-evaluator.js';
+export interface OrderingProgress {
+    ordering: number[];
+    nodeCount: number;
+    /** 0 without cost model */
+    expectedCost: number;
+    phase: string;
+}
+export type OrderingProgressCallback = (progress: OrderingProgress) => void;
+export interface LocalSearchOptions {
+    /**
+     * Size of the windows whose variables are permuted exhaustively.
+     * 0 or 1 disables window permutation. The work grows with windowSize!,
+     * so at most MAX_WINDOW_SIZE (8) is allowed.
+     * Default: 3
+     */
+    windowSize?: number;
+    /**
+     * Maximum amount of sifting rounds.
+     * Default: 50
+     */
+    maxRounds?: number;
+    onImprovement?: OrderingProgressCallback;
+    log?: (message: string) => void;
+}
+export interface OrderingSearchResult {
+    ordering: number[];
+    nodeCount: number;
+    expectedCost: number;
+    nodesPerLevel: number[];
+    evaluation: OrderingEvaluation;
+}
+/**
+ * Deterministic greedy construction:
+ * fills the levels from the top, at each level the boolean function
+ * that leads to the best BDD (with the other functions in their index order)
+ * is picked.
+ */
+export declare function greedyTopDownOrdering(evaluator: OrderingEvaluator): number[];
+/**
+ * Deterministic greedy construction from the bottom:
+ * at each step the boolean function that is best as the lowest
+ * remaining level is picked.
+ */
+export declare function greedyBottomUpOrdering(evaluator: OrderingEvaluator): number[];
+export declare const DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE = 3;
+export declare const DEFAULT_MAX_ROUNDS = 50;
+/**
+ * Window permutation tries all w! orderings of every window of w levels,
+ * larger windows take too long.
+ */
+export declare const MAX_WINDOW_SIZE = 8;
+export declare function ensureNonNegativeInteger(value: number, name: string): void;
+export declare function ensureWindowSize(windowSize: number): void;
+/**
+ * Improves an ordering by sifting (moving each variable through all positions
+ * and keeping the best one) and exhaustive window permutation until no
+ * strict improvement is found anymore. "Better" is decided by
+ * OrderingEvaluator.isBetter(): fewer nodes, or with a cost model a lower
+ * expected cost. Everything is deterministic: the same input always gives
+ * the same output.
+ */
+export declare class LocalOrderingSearch {
+    private readonly evaluator;
+    best: OrderingEvaluation;
+    private readonly cursor;
+    private readonly n;
+    private readonly windowPermutations;
+    private readonly windowSize;
+    private readonly maxRounds;
+    private readonly onImprovement;
+    private readonly log;
+    constructor(evaluator: OrderingEvaluator, initialOrdering: ArrayLike<number>, options?: LocalSearchOptions);
+    /**
+     * ordering[level] = boolean function tested on that level
+     */
+    get ordering(): number[];
+    result(): OrderingSearchResult;
+    /**
+     * Runs sifting rounds and window permutation rounds
+     * until a full cycle gives no improvement.
+     */
+    run(): OrderingSearchResult;
+    /**
+     * One sifting round: each variable, largest level first,
+     * is moved to the position where the BDD is best.
+     * @returns true if the ordering improved
+     */
+    siftRound(): boolean;
+    /**
+     * One window permutation round: for each window of adjacent levels
+     * all permutations of its variables are tried.
+     * @returns true if the ordering improved
+     */
+    windowRound(): boolean;
+    private progress;
+    private describe;
+    /**
+     * swaps the variables of level and level+1
+     */
+    private swapAdjacent;
+    private swapLevels;
+    /**
+     * Arranges the window so that level (windowStart + i) holds original[permutation[i]].
+     */
+    private setWindow;
+}
+/**
+ * Deterministic start orderings for the local search.
+ */
+export declare function seedOrderings(evaluator: OrderingEvaluator): {
+    name: string;
+    ordering: number[];
+}[];