avl-tree-typed 2.5.1 → 2.5.3

package/dist/cjs/index.cjs

@@ -59,6 +59,56 @@ function makeTrampoline(fn) {
 }
 __name(makeTrampoline, "makeTrampoline");
 
+// src/common/error.ts
+function raise(ErrorClass, message) {
+  throw new ErrorClass(message);
+}
+__name(raise, "raise");
+var ERR = {
+  // Range / index
+  indexOutOfRange: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((index, min, max, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Index ${index} is out of range [${min}, ${max}].`, "indexOutOfRange"),
+  invalidIndex: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Index must be an integer.`, "invalidIndex"),
+  // Type / argument
+  invalidArgument: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((reason, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}${reason}`, "invalidArgument"),
+  comparatorRequired: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Comparator is required for non-number/non-string/non-Date keys.`, "comparatorRequired"),
+  invalidKey: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((reason, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}${reason}`, "invalidKey"),
+  notAFunction: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((name, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}${name} must be a function.`, "notAFunction"),
+  invalidEntry: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Each entry must be a [key, value] tuple.`, "invalidEntry"),
+  invalidNaN: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}NaN is not a valid key.`, "invalidNaN"),
+  invalidDate: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Invalid Date key.`, "invalidDate"),
+  reduceEmpty: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Reduce of empty structure with no initial value.`, "reduceEmpty"),
+  callbackReturnType: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((expected, got, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Callback must return ${expected}; got ${got}.`, "callbackReturnType"),
+  // State / operation
+  invalidOperation: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((reason, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}${reason}`, "invalidOperation"),
+  // Matrix
+  matrixDimensionMismatch: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((op) => `Matrix: Dimensions must be compatible for ${op}.`, "matrixDimensionMismatch"),
+  matrixSingular: /* @__PURE__ */ __name(() => "Matrix: Singular matrix, inverse does not exist.", "matrixSingular"),
+  matrixNotSquare: /* @__PURE__ */ __name(() => "Matrix: Must be square for inversion.", "matrixNotSquare"),
+  matrixNotRectangular: /* @__PURE__ */ __name(() => "Matrix: Must be rectangular for transposition.", "matrixNotRectangular"),
+  matrixRowMismatch: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((expected, got) => `Matrix: Expected row length ${expected}, but got ${got}.`, "matrixRowMismatch"),
+  // Order statistic
+  orderStatisticNotEnabled: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((method, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}${method}() requires enableOrderStatistic: true.`, "orderStatisticNotEnabled")
+};
+
+// src/common/index.ts
+var Range = class {
+  constructor(low, high, includeLow = true, includeHigh = true) {
+    this.low = low;
+    this.high = high;
+    this.includeLow = includeLow;
+    this.includeHigh = includeHigh;
+  }
+  static {
+    __name(this, "Range");
+  }
+  // Determine whether a key is within the range
+  isInRange(key, comparator) {
+    const lowCheck = this.includeLow ? comparator(key, this.low) >= 0 : comparator(key, this.low) > 0;
+    const highCheck = this.includeHigh ? comparator(key, this.high) <= 0 : comparator(key, this.high) < 0;
+    return lowCheck && highCheck;
+  }
+};
+
 // src/data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts
 var IterableElementBase = class {
   static {
@@ -77,7 +127,7 @@ var IterableElementBase = class {
     if (options) {
       const { toElementFn } = options;
       if (typeof toElementFn === "function") this._toElementFn = toElementFn;
-      else if (toElementFn) throw new TypeError("toElementFn must be a function type");
+      else if (toElementFn) raise(TypeError, "toElementFn must be a function type");
     }
   }
   /**
@@ -240,7 +290,7 @@ var IterableElementBase = class {
       acc = initialValue;
     } else {
       const first = iter.next();
-      if (first.done) throw new TypeError("Reduce of empty structure with no initial value");
+      if (first.done) raise(TypeError, "Reduce of empty structure with no initial value");
       acc = first.value;
       index = 1;
     }
@@ -475,50 +525,6 @@ var LinearBase = class _LinearBase extends IterableElementBase {
   }
 };
 
-// src/common/error.ts
-var ERR = {
-  // Range / index
-  indexOutOfRange: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((index, min, max, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Index ${index} is out of range [${min}, ${max}].`, "indexOutOfRange"),
-  invalidIndex: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Index must be an integer.`, "invalidIndex"),
-  // Type / argument
-  invalidArgument: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((reason, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}${reason}`, "invalidArgument"),
-  comparatorRequired: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Comparator is required for non-number/non-string/non-Date keys.`, "comparatorRequired"),
-  invalidKey: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((reason, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}${reason}`, "invalidKey"),
-  notAFunction: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((name, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}${name} must be a function.`, "notAFunction"),
-  invalidEntry: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Each entry must be a [key, value] tuple.`, "invalidEntry"),
-  invalidNaN: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}NaN is not a valid key.`, "invalidNaN"),
-  invalidDate: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Invalid Date key.`, "invalidDate"),
-  reduceEmpty: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Reduce of empty structure with no initial value.`, "reduceEmpty"),
-  callbackReturnType: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((expected, got, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Callback must return ${expected}; got ${got}.`, "callbackReturnType"),
-  // State / operation
-  invalidOperation: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((reason, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}${reason}`, "invalidOperation"),
-  // Matrix
-  matrixDimensionMismatch: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((op) => `Matrix: Dimensions must be compatible for ${op}.`, "matrixDimensionMismatch"),
-  matrixSingular: /* @__PURE__ */ __name(() => "Matrix: Singular matrix, inverse does not exist.", "matrixSingular"),
-  matrixNotSquare: /* @__PURE__ */ __name(() => "Matrix: Must be square for inversion.", "matrixNotSquare"),
-  matrixNotRectangular: /* @__PURE__ */ __name(() => "Matrix: Must be rectangular for transposition.", "matrixNotRectangular"),
-  matrixRowMismatch: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((expected, got) => `Matrix: Expected row length ${expected}, but got ${got}.`, "matrixRowMismatch")
-};
-
-// src/common/index.ts
-var Range = class {
-  constructor(low, high, includeLow = true, includeHigh = true) {
-    this.low = low;
-    this.high = high;
-    this.includeLow = includeLow;
-    this.includeHigh = includeHigh;
-  }
-  static {
-    __name(this, "Range");
-  }
-  // Determine whether a key is within the range
-  isInRange(key, comparator) {
-    const lowCheck = this.includeLow ? comparator(key, this.low) >= 0 : comparator(key, this.low) > 0;
-    const highCheck = this.includeHigh ? comparator(key, this.high) <= 0 : comparator(key, this.high) < 0;
-    return lowCheck && highCheck;
-  }
-};
-
 // src/data-structures/base/iterable-entry-base.ts
 var IterableEntryBase = class {
   static {
@@ -785,6 +791,13 @@ var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -832,6 +845,13 @@ var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -849,6 +869,14 @@ var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
   get first() {
     return this.length > 0 ? this.elements[this._offset] : void 0;
   }
+  /**
+   * Peek at the front element without removing it (alias for `first`).
+   * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+   * @returns Front element or undefined.
+   */
+  peek() {
+    return this.first;
+  }
   /**
    * Get the last element (back) without removing it.
    * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
@@ -895,6 +923,13 @@ var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -954,6 +989,13 @@ var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -1020,6 +1062,13 @@ var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -1076,6 +1125,13 @@ var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -1125,6 +1181,13 @@ var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -1179,6 +1242,21 @@ var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
     this._elements[this._offset + index] = newElement;
     return true;
   }
+  /**
+   * Delete the first element that satisfies a predicate.
+   * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
+   * @param predicate - Function (value, index, queue) → boolean to decide deletion.
+   * @returns True if a match was removed.
+   */
+  deleteWhere(predicate) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
+      if (predicate(this._elements[this._offset + i], i, this)) {
+        this.deleteAt(i);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
   /**
    * Reverse the queue in-place by compacting then reversing.
    * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
@@ -1215,6 +1293,13 @@ var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -1258,6 +1343,13 @@ var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -1324,6 +1416,13 @@ var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -1374,6 +1473,13 @@ var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -1428,6 +1534,13 @@ var Queue = class _Queue extends LinearBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -1686,7 +1799,7 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
       if (isMapMode !== void 0) this._isMapMode = isMapMode;
       if (isDuplicate !== void 0) this._isDuplicate = isDuplicate;
       if (typeof toEntryFn === "function") this._toEntryFn = toEntryFn;
-      else if (toEntryFn) throw new TypeError(ERR.notAFunction("toEntryFn", "BinaryTree"));
+      else if (toEntryFn) raise(TypeError, ERR.notAFunction("toEntryFn", "BinaryTree"));
     }
     if (keysNodesEntriesOrRaws) this.setMany(keysNodesEntriesOrRaws);
   }
@@ -1902,7 +2015,7 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
   }
   /**
     * Adds a new node to the tree.
-    * @remarks Time O(log N), For BST, Red-Black Tree, and AVL Tree subclasses, the worst-case time is O(log N). This implementation adds the node at the first available position in a level-order (BFS) traversal. This is NOT a Binary Search Tree insertion. Time O(N), where N is the number of nodes. It must traverse level-by-level to find an empty slot. Space O(N) in the worst case for the BFS queue (e.g., a full last level).
+    * @remarks Time O(N) — level-order traversal to find an empty slot. Space O(N) for the BFS queue. BST/Red-Black Tree/AVL Tree subclasses override to O(log N).
     *
     * @param keyNodeOrEntry - The key, node, or entry to add.
     * @returns True if the addition was successful, false otherwise.
@@ -1925,6 +2038,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -1947,7 +2067,7 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
   }
   /**
     * Adds or updates a new node to the tree.
-    * @remarks Time O(log N), For BST, Red-Black Tree, and AVL Tree subclasses, the worst-case time is O(log N). This implementation sets the node at the first available position in a level-order (BFS) traversal. This is NOT a Binary Search Tree insertion. Time O(N), where N is the number of nodes. It must traverse level-by-level to find an empty slot. Space O(N) in the worst case for the BFS queue (e.g., a full last level).
+    * @remarks Time O(N) — level-order traversal to find an empty slot. Space O(N) for the BFS queue. BST/Red-Black Tree/AVL Tree subclasses override to O(log N).
     *
     * @param keyNodeOrEntry - The key, node, or entry to set or update.
     * @param [value] - The value, if providing just a key.
@@ -1976,6 +2096,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -2079,6 +2206,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -2118,6 +2252,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -2178,6 +2319,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -2197,22 +2345,69 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     this.setMany(anotherTree, []);
   }
   /**
-   * Clears the tree and refills it with new items.
-   * @remarks Time O(N) (for `clear`) + O(N * M) (for `setMany`) = O(N * M). Space O(M) (from `setMany`).
+   * Deletes a node from the tree (internal, returns balancing metadata).
+   * @remarks Time O(N) — O(N) to find the node + O(H) for predecessor swap. Space O(1). BST/Red-Black Tree/AVL Tree subclasses override to O(log N).
+   * @internal Used by AVL/BST subclasses that need balancing metadata after deletion.
    *
-   * @param keysNodesEntriesOrRaws - An iterable of items to set.
-   * @param [values] - An optional parallel iterable of values.
+   * @param keyNodeEntryRawOrPredicate - The node to delete.
+   * @returns An array containing deletion results with balancing metadata.
    */
-  refill(keysNodesEntriesOrRaws, values) {
-    this.clear();
-    this.setMany(keysNodesEntriesOrRaws, values);
+  _deleteInternal(keyNodeEntryRawOrPredicate) {
+    const deletedResult = [];
+    if (!this._root) return deletedResult;
+    const curr = this.getNode(keyNodeEntryRawOrPredicate);
+    if (!curr) return deletedResult;
+    const parent = curr?.parent;
+    let needBalanced;
+    let orgCurrent = curr;
+    if (!curr.left && !curr.right && !parent) {
+      this._setRoot(void 0);
+    } else if (curr.left) {
+      const leftSubTreeRightMost = this.getRightMost((node) => node, curr.left);
+      if (leftSubTreeRightMost) {
+        const parentOfLeftSubTreeMax = leftSubTreeRightMost.parent;
+        orgCurrent = this._swapProperties(curr, leftSubTreeRightMost);
+        if (this._isMapMode) {
+          this._store.set(curr.key, curr);
+          this._store.set(leftSubTreeRightMost.key, leftSubTreeRightMost);
+        }
+        if (parentOfLeftSubTreeMax) {
+          if (parentOfLeftSubTreeMax.right === leftSubTreeRightMost)
+            parentOfLeftSubTreeMax.right = leftSubTreeRightMost.left;
+          else parentOfLeftSubTreeMax.left = leftSubTreeRightMost.left;
+          needBalanced = parentOfLeftSubTreeMax;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (parent) {
+      const { familyPosition: fp } = curr;
+      if (fp === "LEFT" || fp === "ROOT_LEFT") {
+        parent.left = curr.right;
+      } else if (fp === "RIGHT" || fp === "ROOT_RIGHT") {
+        parent.right = curr.right;
+      }
+      needBalanced = parent;
+    } else {
+      this._setRoot(curr.right);
+      curr.right = void 0;
+    }
+    this._size = this._size - 1;
+    deletedResult.push({ deleted: orgCurrent, needBalanced });
+    if (this._isMapMode && orgCurrent) this._store.delete(orgCurrent.key);
+    return deletedResult;
   }
   /**
     * Deletes a node from the tree.
-    * @remarks Time O(log N), For BST, Red-Black Tree, and AVL Tree subclasses, the worst-case time is O(log N). This implementation finds the node, and if it has two children, swaps it with the rightmost node of its left subtree (in-order predecessor) before deleting. Time O(N) in the worst case. O(N) to find the node (`getNode`) and O(H) (which is O(N) worst-case) to find the rightmost node. Space O(1) (if `getNode` is iterative, which it is).
+    * @remarks Time O(N) — O(N) to find the node + O(H) for predecessor swap. Space O(1). BST/Red-Black Tree/AVL Tree subclasses override to O(log N).
     *
     * @param keyNodeEntryRawOrPredicate - The node to delete.
-    * @returns An array containing deletion results (for compatibility with self-balancing trees).
+    * @returns True if the node was found and deleted, false otherwise.
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -2253,51 +2448,11 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
   *     console.log(tree.size); // 4;
     */
   delete(keyNodeEntryRawOrPredicate) {
-    const deletedResult = [];
-    if (!this._root) return deletedResult;
-    const curr = this.getNode(keyNodeEntryRawOrPredicate);
-    if (!curr) return deletedResult;
-    const parent = curr?.parent;
-    let needBalanced;
-    let orgCurrent = curr;
-    if (!curr.left && !curr.right && !parent) {
-      this._setRoot(void 0);
-    } else if (curr.left) {
-      const leftSubTreeRightMost = this.getRightMost((node) => node, curr.left);
-      if (leftSubTreeRightMost) {
-        const parentOfLeftSubTreeMax = leftSubTreeRightMost.parent;
-        orgCurrent = this._swapProperties(curr, leftSubTreeRightMost);
-        if (this._isMapMode) {
-          this._store.set(curr.key, curr);
-          this._store.set(leftSubTreeRightMost.key, leftSubTreeRightMost);
-        }
-        if (parentOfLeftSubTreeMax) {
-          if (parentOfLeftSubTreeMax.right === leftSubTreeRightMost)
-            parentOfLeftSubTreeMax.right = leftSubTreeRightMost.left;
-          else parentOfLeftSubTreeMax.left = leftSubTreeRightMost.left;
-          needBalanced = parentOfLeftSubTreeMax;
-        }
-      }
-    } else if (parent) {
-      const { familyPosition: fp } = curr;
-      if (fp === "LEFT" || fp === "ROOT_LEFT") {
-        parent.left = curr.right;
-      } else if (fp === "RIGHT" || fp === "ROOT_RIGHT") {
-        parent.right = curr.right;
-      }
-      needBalanced = parent;
-    } else {
-      this._setRoot(curr.right);
-      curr.right = void 0;
-    }
-    this._size = this._size - 1;
-    deletedResult.push({ deleted: orgCurrent, needBalanced });
-    if (this._isMapMode && orgCurrent) this._store.delete(orgCurrent.key);
-    return deletedResult;
+    return this._deleteInternal(keyNodeEntryRawOrPredicate).length > 0;
   }
   /**
    * Searches the tree for nodes matching a predicate.
-   * @remarks Time O(log N), For BST, Red-Black Tree, and AVL Tree subclasses, the worst-case time is O(log N). Performs a full DFS (pre-order) scan of the tree. Time O(N), as it may visit every node. Space O(H) for the call stack (recursive) or explicit stack (iterative), where H is the tree height (O(N) worst-case).
+   * @remarks Time O(N) — full DFS scan; may visit every node. Space O(H) for call/explicit stack (O(N) worst-case). BST subclasses with key search override to O(log N).
    *
    * @template C - The type of the callback function.
    * @param keyNodeEntryOrPredicate - The key, node, entry, or predicate function to search for.
@@ -2346,7 +2501,7 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
   }
   /**
     * Gets the first node matching a predicate.
-    * @remarks Time O(log N), For BST, Red-Black Tree, and AVL Tree subclasses, the worst-case time is O(log N). Time O(N) in the worst case (via `search`). Space O(H) or O(N) (via `search`).
+    * @remarks Time O(N) via `search`. Space O(H) or O(N). BST/Red-Black Tree/AVL Tree subclasses override to O(log N) for key lookups.
     *
     * @param keyNodeEntryOrPredicate - The key, node, entry, or predicate function to search for.
     * @param [startNode=this._root] - The node to start the search from.
@@ -2374,6 +2529,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -2399,7 +2561,7 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
   }
   /**
     * Gets the value associated with a key.
-    * @remarks Time O(log N), For BST, Red-Black Tree, and AVL Tree subclasses, the worst-case time is O(log N). Time O(1) if in Map mode. O(N) if not in Map mode (uses `getNode`). Space O(1) if in Map mode. O(H) or O(N) otherwise.
+    * @remarks Time O(1) in Map mode, O(N) otherwise (via `getNode`). Space O(1) in Map mode, O(H) or O(N) otherwise. BST subclasses override non-Map-mode to O(log N).
     *
     * @param keyNodeEntryOrPredicate - The key, node, or entry to get the value for.
     * @param [startNode=this._root] - The node to start searching from (if not in Map mode).
@@ -2429,6 +2591,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -2486,6 +2655,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -2531,6 +2707,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -2585,6 +2768,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -2666,6 +2856,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -2724,6 +2921,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -3198,6 +3402,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -3247,6 +3458,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -3300,6 +3518,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -3378,6 +3603,13 @@ var BinaryTree = class _BinaryTree extends IterableEntryBase {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -4017,12 +4249,16 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
       } else {
         this._comparator = this._createDefaultComparator();
       }
+      if (options.enableOrderStatistic) {
+        this._enableOrderStatistic = true;
+      }
     } else {
       this._comparator = this._createDefaultComparator();
     }
     if (keysNodesEntriesOrRaws) this.setMany(keysNodesEntriesOrRaws);
   }
   _root = void 0;
+  _enableOrderStatistic = false;
   /**
    * Gets the root node of the tree.
    * @remarks Time O(1)
@@ -4184,6 +4420,20 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -4353,6 +4603,84 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
     const searchRange = range instanceof Range ? range : new Range(range[0], range[1]);
     return this.search(searchRange, false, callback, startNode, iterationType);
   }
+  getByRank(k, callback = this._DEFAULT_NODE_CALLBACK, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
+    if (!this._enableOrderStatistic) {
+      raise(Error, ERR.orderStatisticNotEnabled("getByRank"));
+    }
+    if (k < 0 || k >= this._size) return void 0;
+    let actualCallback = void 0;
+    let actualIterationType = this.iterationType;
+    if (typeof callback === "string") {
+      actualIterationType = callback;
+    } else if (callback) {
+      actualCallback = callback;
+      if (iterationType) {
+        actualIterationType = iterationType;
+      }
+    }
+    const node = actualIterationType === "RECURSIVE" ? this._getByRankRecursive(this._root, k) : this._getByRankIterative(this._root, k);
+    if (!node) return void 0;
+    return actualCallback ? actualCallback(node) : node.key;
+  }
+  getRank(keyNodeEntryOrPredicate, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
+    if (!this._enableOrderStatistic) {
+      raise(Error, ERR.orderStatisticNotEnabled("getRank"));
+    }
+    if (!this._root || this._size === 0) return -1;
+    let actualIterationType = this.iterationType;
+    if (iterationType) actualIterationType = iterationType;
+    let key;
+    if (typeof keyNodeEntryOrPredicate === "function") {
+      const results = this.search(keyNodeEntryOrPredicate, true);
+      if (results.length === 0 || results[0] === void 0) return -1;
+      key = results[0];
+    } else if (keyNodeEntryOrPredicate === null || keyNodeEntryOrPredicate === void 0) {
+      return -1;
+    } else if (this.isNode(keyNodeEntryOrPredicate)) {
+      key = keyNodeEntryOrPredicate.key;
+    } else if (Array.isArray(keyNodeEntryOrPredicate)) {
+      key = keyNodeEntryOrPredicate[0] ?? void 0;
+      if (key === void 0 || key === null) return -1;
+    } else {
+      key = keyNodeEntryOrPredicate;
+    }
+    if (key === void 0) return -1;
+    return actualIterationType === "RECURSIVE" ? this._getRankRecursive(this._root, key) : this._getRankIterative(this._root, key);
+  }
+  rangeByRank(start, end, callback = this._DEFAULT_NODE_CALLBACK, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
+    if (!this._enableOrderStatistic) {
+      raise(Error, ERR.orderStatisticNotEnabled("rangeByRank"));
+    }
+    if (this._size === 0) return [];
+    const lo = Math.max(0, start);
+    const hi = Math.min(this._size - 1, end);
+    if (lo > hi) return [];
+    let actualCallback = void 0;
+    let actualIterationType = this.iterationType;
+    if (typeof callback === "string") {
+      actualIterationType = callback;
+    } else if (callback) {
+      actualCallback = callback;
+      if (iterationType) {
+        actualIterationType = iterationType;
+      }
+    }
+    const results = [];
+    const count = hi - lo + 1;
+    const startNode = actualIterationType === "RECURSIVE" ? this._getByRankRecursive(this._root, lo) : this._getByRankIterative(this._root, lo);
+    if (!startNode) return [];
+    let collected = 0;
+    const cb = actualCallback ?? this._DEFAULT_NODE_CALLBACK;
+    let current = startNode;
+    while (current && collected < count) {
+      results.push(cb(current));
+      collected++;
+      if (collected < count) {
+        current = this._next(current);
+      }
+    }
+    return results;
+  }
   /**
     * Adds a new node to the BST based on key comparison.
     * @remarks Time O(log N), where H is tree height. O(N) worst-case (unbalanced tree), O(log N) average. Space O(1).
@@ -4427,6 +4755,27 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -4462,6 +4811,7 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
       this._setRoot(newNode);
       if (this._isMapMode && this.isRealNode(newNode)) this._store.set(newNode.key, newNode);
       this._size++;
+      this._updateCount(newNode);
       return true;
     }
     let current = this._root;
@@ -4475,6 +4825,7 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
           current.left = newNode;
           if (this._isMapMode && this.isRealNode(newNode)) this._store.set(newNode.key, newNode);
           this._size++;
+          this._updateCountAlongPath(newNode);
           return true;
         }
         if (current.left !== null) current = current.left;
@@ -4483,6 +4834,7 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
           current.right = newNode;
           if (this._isMapMode && this.isRealNode(newNode)) this._store.set(newNode.key, newNode);
           this._size++;
+          this._updateCountAlongPath(newNode);
           return true;
         }
         if (current.right !== null) current = current.right;
@@ -4539,6 +4891,20 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -4830,6 +5196,13 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -4896,6 +5269,13 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -5005,6 +5385,20 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -5072,12 +5466,11 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
    */
   deleteWhere(keyNodeEntryOrPredicate, onlyOne = false, startNode = this._root, iterationType = this.iterationType) {
     const toDelete = this.search(keyNodeEntryOrPredicate, onlyOne, (node) => node, startNode, iterationType);
-    let results = [];
+    let deleted = false;
     for (const node of toDelete) {
-      const deleteInfo = this.delete(node);
-      results = results.concat(deleteInfo);
+      if (this.delete(node)) deleted = true;
     }
-    return results;
+    return deleted;
   }
   /**
    * (Protected) Creates the default comparator function for keys that don't have a custom comparator.
@@ -5094,13 +5487,11 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
       if (a instanceof Date && b instanceof Date) {
         const ta = a.getTime();
         const tb = b.getTime();
-        if (Number.isNaN(ta) || Number.isNaN(tb)) throw new TypeError(ERR.invalidDate("BST"));
+        if (Number.isNaN(ta) || Number.isNaN(tb)) raise(TypeError, ERR.invalidDate("BST"));
         return ta > tb ? 1 : ta < tb ? -1 : 0;
       }
       if (typeof a === "object" || typeof b === "object") {
-        throw new TypeError(
-          ERR.comparatorRequired("BST")
-        );
+        raise(TypeError, ERR.comparatorRequired("BST"));
       }
       return 0;
     };
@@ -5419,7 +5810,8 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
   _snapshotOptions() {
     return {
       ...super._snapshotOptions(),
-      comparator: this._comparator
+      comparator: this._comparator,
+      enableOrderStatistic: this._enableOrderStatistic
     };
   }
   /**
@@ -5441,6 +5833,113 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
    *
    * @param v - The node to set as root.
    */
+  /**
+   * (Protected) Recalculates the subtree count for a single node.
+   * @remarks Time O(1). Only active when enableOrderStatistic is true.
+   */
+  _updateCount(node) {
+    if (!this._enableOrderStatistic) return;
+    node._count = 1 + (this.isRealNode(node.left) ? node.left._count : 0) + (this.isRealNode(node.right) ? node.right._count : 0);
+  }
+  /**
+   * (Protected) Updates subtree counts from a node up to the root.
+   * @remarks Time O(log n). Only active when enableOrderStatistic is true.
+   */
+  _updateCountAlongPath(node) {
+    if (!this._enableOrderStatistic) return;
+    let current = node;
+    while (current) {
+      this._updateCount(current);
+      current = current.parent;
+    }
+  }
+  /**
+   * (Protected) Finds the node at position k in tree order (iterative).
+   * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
+   */
+  _getByRankIterative(node, k) {
+    let current = node;
+    let remaining = k;
+    while (current) {
+      const leftCount = this.isRealNode(current.left) ? current.left._count : 0;
+      if (remaining < leftCount) {
+        current = current.left;
+      } else if (remaining === leftCount) {
+        return current;
+      } else {
+        remaining = remaining - leftCount - 1;
+        current = current.right;
+      }
+    }
+    return void 0;
+  }
+  /**
+   * (Protected) Finds the node at position k in tree order (recursive).
+   * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(log n) call stack
+   */
+  _getByRankRecursive(node, k) {
+    if (!node) return void 0;
+    const leftCount = this.isRealNode(node.left) ? node.left._count : 0;
+    if (k < leftCount) return this._getByRankRecursive(node.left, k);
+    if (k === leftCount) return node;
+    return this._getByRankRecursive(node.right, k - leftCount - 1);
+  }
+  /**
+   * (Protected) Computes the rank of a key iteratively.
+   * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
+   */
+  _getRankIterative(node, key) {
+    let rank = 0;
+    let current = node;
+    while (this.isRealNode(current)) {
+      const cmp = this._compare(current.key, key);
+      if (cmp > 0) {
+        current = current.left;
+      } else if (cmp < 0) {
+        rank += (this.isRealNode(current.left) ? current.left._count : 0) + 1;
+        current = current.right;
+      } else {
+        rank += this.isRealNode(current.left) ? current.left._count : 0;
+        return rank;
+      }
+    }
+    return rank;
+  }
+  /**
+   * (Protected) Computes the rank of a key recursively.
+   * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(log n) call stack
+   */
+  _getRankRecursive(node, key) {
+    if (!node) return 0;
+    const cmp = this._compare(node.key, key);
+    if (cmp > 0) {
+      return this._getRankRecursive(node.left, key);
+    } else if (cmp < 0) {
+      return (this.isRealNode(node.left) ? node.left._count : 0) + 1 + this._getRankRecursive(node.right, key);
+    } else {
+      return this.isRealNode(node.left) ? node.left._count : 0;
+    }
+  }
+  /**
+   * (Protected) Finds the in-order successor of a node.
+   * @remarks Time O(log n), Space O(1)
+   */
+  _next(node) {
+    if (this.isRealNode(node.right)) {
+      let current2 = node.right;
+      while (this.isRealNode(current2.left)) {
+        current2 = current2.left;
+      }
+      return current2;
+    }
+    let current = node;
+    let parent = current.parent;
+    while (parent && current === parent.right) {
+      current = parent;
+      parent = parent.parent;
+    }
+    return parent;
+  }
   _setRoot(v) {
     if (v) v.parent = void 0;
     this._root = v;
@@ -5487,21 +5986,28 @@ var BST = class extends BinaryTree {
       while (x.left !== void 0 && x.left !== null) x = x.left;
       return x;
     }, "minNode");
+    let countUpdateStart;
     if (node.left === void 0) {
+      countUpdateStart = node.parent;
       transplant(node, node.right);
     } else if (node.right === void 0) {
+      countUpdateStart = node.parent;
       transplant(node, node.left);
     } else {
       const succ = minNode(node.right);
       if (succ.parent !== node) {
+        countUpdateStart = succ.parent;
         transplant(succ, succ.right);
         succ.right = node.right;
         if (succ.right) succ.right.parent = succ;
+      } else {
+        countUpdateStart = succ;
       }
       transplant(node, succ);
       succ.left = node.left;
       if (succ.left) succ.left.parent = succ;
     }
+    this._updateCountAlongPath(countUpdateStart);
     this._size = Math.max(0, this._size - 1);
     return true;
   }
@@ -5780,6 +6286,34 @@ var AVLTree = class extends BST {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -5895,6 +6429,27 @@ var AVLTree = class extends BST {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -5924,13 +6479,13 @@ var AVLTree = class extends BST {
   *     console.log(avl.size); // 6;
     */
   delete(keyNodeOrEntry) {
-    const deletedResults = super.delete(keyNodeOrEntry);
+    const deletedResults = this._deleteInternal(keyNodeOrEntry);
     for (const { needBalanced } of deletedResults) {
       if (needBalanced) {
         this._balancePath(needBalanced);
       }
     }
-    return deletedResults;
+    return deletedResults.length > 0;
   }
   /**
     * Rebuilds the tree to be perfectly balanced.
@@ -5978,6 +6533,20 @@ var AVLTree = class extends BST {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -6099,6 +6668,27 @@ var AVLTree = class extends BST {
     
     
     
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
     
     
     
@@ -6238,6 +6828,8 @@ var AVLTree = class extends BST {
     }
     this._updateHeight(A);
     if (B) this._updateHeight(B);
+    this._updateCount(A);
+    if (B) this._updateCount(B);
   }
   /**
    * (Protected) Performs a Left-Right (LR) double rotation.
@@ -6283,6 +6875,9 @@ var AVLTree = class extends BST {
     this._updateHeight(A);
     if (B) this._updateHeight(B);
     if (C) this._updateHeight(C);
+    this._updateCount(A);
+    if (B) this._updateCount(B);
+    if (C) this._updateCount(C);
   }
   /**
    * (Protected) Performs a Right-Right (RR) rotation (a single left rotation).
@@ -6317,6 +6912,8 @@ var AVLTree = class extends BST {
     }
     this._updateHeight(A);
     if (B) this._updateHeight(B);
+    this._updateCount(A);
+    if (B) this._updateCount(B);
   }
   /**
    * (Protected) Performs a Right-Left (RL) double rotation.
@@ -6360,6 +6957,9 @@ var AVLTree = class extends BST {
     this._updateHeight(A);
     if (B) this._updateHeight(B);
     if (C) this._updateHeight(C);
+    this._updateCount(A);
+    if (B) this._updateCount(B);
+    if (C) this._updateCount(C);
   }
   /**
    * (Protected) Traverses up the tree from the specified node, updating heights and performing rotations as needed.
@@ -6374,6 +6974,7 @@ var AVLTree = class extends BST {
       const A = path[i];
       if (A) {
         this._updateHeight(A);
+        this._updateCount(A);
         switch (this._balanceFactor(A)) {
           case -2:
             if (A && A.left) {