autotel 4.0.0 → 4.2.0

package/src/sampling.test.ts

@@ -1,1060 +0,0 @@
-import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, vi } from 'vitest';
-import { TraceFlags } from '@opentelemetry/api';
-import type { Link, SpanContext } from '@opentelemetry/api';
-import {
-  RandomSampler,
-  AlwaysSampler,
-  NeverSampler,
-  AdaptiveSampler,
-  UserIdSampler,
-  CompositeSampler,
-  FeatureFlagSampler,
-  createLinkFromHeaders,
-  extractLinksFromBatch,
-  samplingPresets,
-  resolveSamplingPreset,
-  type SamplingContext,
-} from './sampling';
-import { type ILogger } from './logger';
-
-describe('Sampling', () => {
-  let mockLogger: ILogger;
-  let context: SamplingContext;
-
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    mockLogger = {
-      info: vi.fn(),
-      warn: vi.fn(),
-      error: vi.fn(),
-      debug: vi.fn(),
-    };
-
-    context = {
-      operationName: 'test.operation',
-      args: [{ userId: '123', email: 'test@example.com' }],
-    };
-  });
-
-  describe('RandomSampler', () => {
-    it('should throw error for invalid sample rates', () => {
-      expect(() => new RandomSampler(-0.1)).toThrow();
-      expect(() => new RandomSampler(1.1)).toThrow();
-    });
-
-    it('should sample at 100%', () => {
-      const sampler = new RandomSampler(1);
-      const results = Array.from({ length: 100 }, () =>
-        sampler.shouldSample(context),
-      );
-
-      expect(results.every((r) => r === true)).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('should never sample at 0%', () => {
-      const sampler = new RandomSampler(0);
-      const results = Array.from({ length: 100 }, () =>
-        sampler.shouldSample(context),
-      );
-
-      expect(results.every((r) => r === false)).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('should sample approximately at the specified rate', () => {
-      const sampler = new RandomSampler(0.5);
-      const results = Array.from({ length: 1000 }, () =>
-        sampler.shouldSample(context),
-      );
-
-      const sampleCount = results.filter(Boolean).length;
-      // Allow 20% margin of error — random sampling is inherently noisy
-      expect(sampleCount).toBeGreaterThan(400);
-      expect(sampleCount).toBeLessThan(600);
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('AlwaysSampler', () => {
-    it('should always sample', () => {
-      const sampler = new AlwaysSampler();
-      const results = Array.from({ length: 100 }, () =>
-        sampler.shouldSample(context),
-      );
-
-      expect(results.every((r) => r === true)).toBe(true);
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('NeverSampler', () => {
-    it('should never sample', () => {
-      const sampler = new NeverSampler();
-      const results = Array.from({ length: 100 }, () =>
-        sampler.shouldSample(context),
-      );
-
-      expect(results.every((r) => r === false)).toBe(true);
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('AdaptiveSampler', () => {
-    it('should throw error for invalid baseline sample rate', () => {
-      expect(
-        () =>
-          new AdaptiveSampler({
-            baselineSampleRate: -0.1,
-          }),
-      ).toThrow();
-    });
-
-    it('should indicate it needs tail sampling', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0.1,
-      });
-
-      expect(sampler.needsTailSampling()).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('should always create spans (optimistic sampling)', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0, // Even with 0% baseline
-        logger: mockLogger,
-      });
-
-      // FIX: shouldSample now always returns true for tail sampling
-      const result = sampler.shouldSample(context);
-      expect(result).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('should keep error traces even when baseline would drop them', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0, // 0% baseline sampling
-        alwaysSampleErrors: true,
-        logger: mockLogger,
-      });
-
-      // FIX: Span is created (shouldSample returns true)
-      const shouldSample = sampler.shouldSample(context);
-      expect(shouldSample).toBe(true);
-
-      // Tail sampling keeps error traces
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(context, {
-        success: false,
-        duration: 100,
-        error: new Error('Test error'),
-      });
-
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(true);
-      // Pino-native: (extra, message)
-      expect(mockLogger.debug).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        expect.objectContaining({
-          operation: 'test.operation',
-          error: 'Test error',
-        }),
-        'Adaptive sampling: Keeping error trace',
-      );
-    });
-
-    it('should keep slow traces even when baseline would drop them', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0, // 0% baseline sampling
-        slowThresholdMs: 1000,
-        alwaysSampleSlow: true,
-        logger: mockLogger,
-      });
-
-      // FIX: Span is created (shouldSample returns true)
-      const shouldSample = sampler.shouldSample(context);
-      expect(shouldSample).toBe(true);
-
-      // Tail sampling keeps slow traces
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(context, {
-        success: true,
-        duration: 1500, // > 1000ms threshold
-      });
-
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(true);
-      // Pino-native: (extra, message)
-      expect(mockLogger.debug).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        expect.objectContaining({
-          operation: 'test.operation',
-          duration: 1500,
-        }),
-        'Adaptive sampling: Keeping slow trace',
-      );
-    });
-
-    it('should drop fast successful traces when baseline sampling says no', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0, // 0% baseline
-        slowThresholdMs: 1000,
-        logger: mockLogger,
-      });
-
-      // Span is created optimistically
-      const shouldSample = sampler.shouldSample(context);
-      expect(shouldSample).toBe(true);
-
-      // Tail sampling drops fast/successful traces
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(context, {
-        success: true,
-        duration: 100, // < 1000ms threshold
-      });
-
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(false);
-    });
-
-    it('should keep fast successful traces when baseline sampling says yes', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 1, // 100% baseline
-        slowThresholdMs: 1000,
-        logger: mockLogger,
-      });
-
-      const shouldSample = sampler.shouldSample(context);
-      expect(shouldSample).toBe(true);
-
-      // Baseline sampled it, so keep it
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(context, {
-        success: true,
-        duration: 100,
-      });
-
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('should respect alwaysSampleErrors flag', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0,
-        alwaysSampleErrors: false, // Don't force-sample errors
-        logger: mockLogger,
-      });
-
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(context, {
-        success: false,
-        duration: 100,
-        error: new Error('Test error'),
-      });
-
-      // With alwaysSampleErrors=false and baseline=0, errors are dropped
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(false);
-    });
-
-    it('should respect alwaysSampleSlow flag', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0,
-        slowThresholdMs: 1000,
-        alwaysSampleSlow: false, // Don't force-sample slow requests
-        logger: mockLogger,
-      });
-
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(context, {
-        success: true,
-        duration: 1500,
-      });
-
-      // With alwaysSampleSlow=false and baseline=0, slow requests are dropped
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(false);
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('UserIdSampler', () => {
-    const extractUserId = (args: unknown[]) => {
-      const firstArg = args[0] as { userId?: string };
-      return firstArg?.userId;
-    };
-
-    it('should always sample specific users', () => {
-      const sampler = new UserIdSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0,
-        alwaysSampleUsers: ['vip_123'],
-        extractUserId,
-        logger: mockLogger,
-      });
-
-      const vipContext: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'test.operation',
-        args: [{ userId: 'vip_123' }],
-      };
-
-      expect(sampler.shouldSample(vipContext)).toBe(true);
-      // Pino-native: (extra, message)
-      expect(mockLogger.debug).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        {
-          operation: 'test.operation',
-          userId: 'vip_123',
-        },
-        'Sampling user request',
-      );
-    });
-
-    it('should use consistent per-user sampling', () => {
-      const sampler = new UserIdSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0.5,
-        extractUserId,
-        logger: mockLogger,
-      });
-
-      const user123Context: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'test.operation',
-        args: [{ userId: 'user_123' }],
-      };
-
-      // Same user should always get same result
-      const result1 = sampler.shouldSample(user123Context);
-      const result2 = sampler.shouldSample(user123Context);
-      const result3 = sampler.shouldSample(user123Context);
-
-      expect(result1).toBe(result2);
-      expect(result2).toBe(result3);
-    });
-
-    it('should add and remove users from always-sample list', () => {
-      const sampler = new UserIdSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0,
-        extractUserId,
-      });
-
-      sampler.addAlwaysSampleUsers('user_1', 'user_2');
-
-      const user1Context: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'test.operation',
-        args: [{ userId: 'user_1' }],
-      };
-
-      expect(sampler.shouldSample(user1Context)).toBe(true);
-
-      sampler.removeAlwaysSampleUsers('user_1');
-      expect(sampler.shouldSample(user1Context)).toBe(false);
-    });
-
-    it('should fallback to random sampling when no user ID', () => {
-      const sampler = new UserIdSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 1,
-        extractUserId: (args) => (args[0] as { userId?: string })?.userId,
-      });
-
-      const noUserContext: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'test.operation',
-        args: [{}],
-      };
-
-      expect(sampler.shouldSample(noUserContext)).toBe(true);
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('CompositeSampler', () => {
-    it('should throw error with no child samplers', () => {
-      expect(() => new CompositeSampler([])).toThrow();
-    });
-
-    it('should sample if any child sampler returns true', () => {
-      const sampler = new CompositeSampler([
-        new NeverSampler(),
-        new AlwaysSampler(),
-        new NeverSampler(),
-      ]);
-
-      expect(sampler.shouldSample(context)).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('should not sample if all child samplers return false', () => {
-      const sampler = new CompositeSampler([
-        new NeverSampler(),
-        new NeverSampler(),
-      ]);
-
-      expect(sampler.shouldSample(context)).toBe(false);
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('FeatureFlagSampler', () => {
-    const extractFlags = (
-      args: unknown[],
-      metadata?: Record<string, unknown>,
-    ) => {
-      const firstArg = args[0] as { flags?: string[] };
-      return firstArg?.flags || (metadata?.featureFlags as string[]);
-    };
-
-    it('should always sample requests with monitored flags', () => {
-      const sampler = new FeatureFlagSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0,
-        alwaysSampleFlags: ['new_checkout', 'experimental_ui'],
-        extractFlags,
-        logger: mockLogger,
-      });
-
-      const flagContext: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'test.operation',
-        args: [{ flags: ['new_checkout'] }],
-      };
-
-      expect(sampler.shouldSample(flagContext)).toBe(true);
-      // Pino-native: (extra, message)
-      expect(mockLogger.debug).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        {
-          operation: 'test.operation',
-          flags: ['new_checkout'],
-        },
-        'Sampling feature flag request',
-      );
-    });
-
-    it('should use baseline sampling for non-monitored flags', () => {
-      const sampler = new FeatureFlagSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0,
-        alwaysSampleFlags: ['monitored_flag'],
-        extractFlags,
-      });
-
-      const flagContext: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'test.operation',
-        args: [{ flags: ['other_flag'] }],
-      };
-
-      expect(sampler.shouldSample(flagContext)).toBe(false);
-    });
-
-    it('should add and remove flags', () => {
-      const sampler = new FeatureFlagSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0,
-        extractFlags,
-      });
-
-      sampler.addAlwaysSampleFlags('flag_1', 'flag_2');
-
-      const flag1Context: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'test.operation',
-        args: [{ flags: ['flag_1'] }],
-      };
-
-      expect(sampler.shouldSample(flag1Context)).toBe(true);
-
-      sampler.removeAlwaysSampleFlags('flag_1');
-      expect(sampler.shouldSample(flag1Context)).toBe(false);
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('Real-world QA in Production scenarios', () => {
-    it('should always capture failed email deliveries from article example', () => {
-      // From article: "We set up another alert that let us know if our
-      // email-sending microservice was unable to process a request"
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0.1, // 10% baseline
-        alwaysSampleErrors: true, // Always capture failures
-      });
-
-      const emailContext: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'email.send',
-        args: [{ to: 'school@example.com' }],
-      };
-
-      sampler.shouldSample(emailContext);
-
-      // Email fails due to invalid address
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(emailContext, {
-        success: false,
-        duration: 100,
-        error: new Error('Invalid email address'),
-      });
-
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('should always trace slow job applications from article example', () => {
-      // From article: Monitor if teachers are able to submit applications
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0.05, // 5% baseline
-        slowThresholdMs: 2000, // Slow if > 2s
-        alwaysSampleSlow: true,
-      });
-
-      const applicationContext: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'application.submit',
-        args: [{ jobId: '123', teacherId: '456' }],
-      };
-
-      sampler.shouldSample(applicationContext);
-
-      // Application takes too long
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(applicationContext, {
-        success: true,
-        duration: 3000, // > 2s threshold
-      });
-
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('should always trace VIP users', () => {
-      const extractUserId = (args: unknown[]) => {
-        const firstArg = args[0] as { userId?: string };
-        return firstArg?.userId;
-      };
-
-      const sampler = new UserIdSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0.01, // 1% of normal users
-        alwaysSampleUsers: ['vip_school_123'], // Always trace VIP schools
-        extractUserId,
-      });
-
-      const vipContext: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'application.receive',
-        args: [{ userId: 'vip_school_123' }],
-      };
-
-      expect(sampler.shouldSample(vipContext)).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('should always trace A/B test variants for correlation', () => {
-      const extractFlags = (args: unknown[]) => {
-        const firstArg = args[0] as { experimentFlags?: string[] };
-        return firstArg?.experimentFlags;
-      };
-
-      const sampler = new FeatureFlagSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0.05,
-        alwaysSampleFlags: ['new_application_form'], // Always trace experiment
-        extractFlags,
-      });
-
-      const experimentContext: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'application.submit',
-        args: [{ experimentFlags: ['new_application_form'] }],
-      };
-
-      expect(sampler.shouldSample(experimentContext)).toBe(true);
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('AdaptiveSampler - Links-based sampling', () => {
-    let mockLogger: ILogger;
-
-    beforeEach(() => {
-      mockLogger = {
-        info: vi.fn(),
-        warn: vi.fn(),
-        error: vi.fn(),
-        debug: vi.fn(),
-      };
-    });
-
-    // Helper to create a SpanContext
-    const createSpanContext = (sampled: boolean): SpanContext => ({
-      traceId: '0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c',
-      spanId: 'b7ad6b7169203331',
-      traceFlags: sampled ? TraceFlags.SAMPLED : TraceFlags.NONE,
-      isRemote: true,
-    });
-
-    // Helper to create a Link
-    const createLink = (
-      sampled: boolean,
-      attributes?: Record<string, unknown>,
-    ): Link => ({
-      context: createSpanContext(sampled),
-      attributes: attributes ?? {},
-    });
-
-    it('should have linksBased disabled by default', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0.1,
-      });
-
-      const context: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'test.operation',
-        args: [],
-        links: [createLink(true)], // Sampled link
-      };
-
-      sampler.shouldSample(context);
-
-      // With linksBased=false (default), sampled links don't affect decision
-      // With baselineSampleRate=0.1 and random chance, we can't deterministically test
-      // So we test with 0% baseline - the link should NOT cause it to be kept
-      const samplerStrict = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0,
-        linksBased: false, // Explicitly disabled
-      });
-
-      samplerStrict.shouldSample(context);
-      const shouldKeep = samplerStrict.shouldKeepTrace(context, {
-        success: true,
-        duration: 100,
-      });
-
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(false);
-    });
-
-    it('should throw error for invalid linksRate', () => {
-      expect(
-        () =>
-          new AdaptiveSampler({
-            linksRate: -0.1,
-          }),
-      ).toThrow('Links rate must be between 0 and 1');
-
-      expect(
-        () =>
-          new AdaptiveSampler({
-            linksRate: 1.5,
-          }),
-      ).toThrow('Links rate must be between 0 and 1');
-    });
-
-    it('should keep traces with sampled links when linksBased=true', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0, // 0% baseline
-        linksBased: true,
-        linksRate: 1, // 100% of linked spans kept
-        logger: mockLogger,
-      });
-
-      const context: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'consumer.process',
-        args: [],
-        links: [createLink(true)], // Sampled link
-      };
-
-      sampler.shouldSample(context);
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(context, {
-        success: true,
-        duration: 100,
-      });
-
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(true);
-      // Pino-native: (extra, message)
-      expect(mockLogger.debug).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        expect.objectContaining({
-          operation: 'consumer.process',
-          linkCount: 1,
-        }),
-        'Adaptive sampling: Keeping trace due to sampled link',
-      );
-    });
-
-    it('should drop traces with unsampled links when linksBased=true', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0,
-        linksBased: true,
-        linksRate: 1,
-      });
-
-      const context: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'consumer.process',
-        args: [],
-        links: [createLink(false)], // NOT sampled
-      };
-
-      sampler.shouldSample(context);
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(context, {
-        success: true,
-        duration: 100,
-      });
-
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(false);
-    });
-
-    it('should keep trace if ANY link is sampled (fan-in)', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0,
-        linksBased: true,
-        linksRate: 1,
-      });
-
-      const context: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'batch.process',
-        args: [],
-        links: [
-          createLink(false), // Not sampled
-          createLink(true), // Sampled
-          createLink(false), // Not sampled
-        ],
-      };
-
-      sampler.shouldSample(context);
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(context, {
-        success: true,
-        duration: 100,
-      });
-
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('should respect linksRate for probabilistic link sampling', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0,
-        linksBased: true,
-        linksRate: 0, // 0% - never keep linked spans
-      });
-
-      const context: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'consumer.process',
-        args: [],
-        links: [createLink(true)],
-      };
-
-      sampler.shouldSample(context);
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(context, {
-        success: true,
-        duration: 100,
-      });
-
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(false);
-    });
-
-    it('should prioritize errors over links-based sampling', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0,
-        linksBased: true,
-        linksRate: 0, // Would drop linked spans
-        alwaysSampleErrors: true,
-      });
-
-      const context: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'consumer.process',
-        args: [],
-        links: [createLink(false)], // No sampled links
-      };
-
-      sampler.shouldSample(context);
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(context, {
-        success: false, // Error!
-        duration: 100,
-        error: new Error('Processing failed'),
-      });
-
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(true); // Errors always kept
-    });
-
-    it('should handle empty links array', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0,
-        linksBased: true,
-        linksRate: 1,
-      });
-
-      const context: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'test.operation',
-        args: [],
-        links: [],
-      };
-
-      sampler.shouldSample(context);
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(context, {
-        success: true,
-        duration: 100,
-      });
-
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(false); // No links, baseline=0
-    });
-
-    it('should handle undefined links', () => {
-      const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({
-        baselineSampleRate: 0,
-        linksBased: true,
-        linksRate: 1,
-      });
-
-      const context: SamplingContext = {
-        operationName: 'test.operation',
-        args: [],
-        // links is undefined
-      };
-
-      sampler.shouldSample(context);
-      const shouldKeep = sampler.shouldKeepTrace(context, {
-        success: true,
-        duration: 100,
-      });
-
-      expect(shouldKeep).toBe(false);
-    });
-
-    describe('hasSampledLink helper', () => {
-      it('should return false for empty links', () => {
-        const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({ linksBased: true });
-        expect(sampler.hasSampledLink([])).toBe(false);
-      });
-
-      it('should return true if any link is sampled', () => {
-        const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({ linksBased: true });
-        const links = [createLink(false), createLink(true)];
-        expect(sampler.hasSampledLink(links)).toBe(true);
-      });
-
-      it('should return false if no links are sampled', () => {
-        const sampler = new AdaptiveSampler({ linksBased: true });
-        const links = [createLink(false), createLink(false)];
-        expect(sampler.hasSampledLink(links)).toBe(false);
-      });
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('Link Helper Functions', () => {
-    describe('createLinkFromHeaders', () => {
-      it('should create link from valid W3C traceparent header', () => {
-        const headers = {
-          traceparent:
-            '00-0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c-b7ad6b7169203331-01',
-        };
-
-        const link = createLinkFromHeaders(headers);
-
-        expect(link).not.toBeNull();
-        expect(link?.context.traceId).toBe('0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c');
-        expect(link?.context.spanId).toBe('b7ad6b7169203331');
-        expect(link?.context.traceFlags).toBe(TraceFlags.SAMPLED);
-      });
-
-      it('should create link from unsampled traceparent', () => {
-        const headers = {
-          traceparent:
-            '00-0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c-b7ad6b7169203331-00',
-        };
-
-        const link = createLinkFromHeaders(headers);
-
-        expect(link).not.toBeNull();
-        expect(link?.context.traceFlags).toBe(TraceFlags.NONE);
-      });
-
-      it('should include custom attributes in link', () => {
-        const headers = {
-          traceparent:
-            '00-0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c-b7ad6b7169203331-01',
-        };
-        const attributes = {
-          'messaging.system': 'kafka',
-          'custom.attr': 'value',
-        };
-
-        const link = createLinkFromHeaders(headers, attributes);
-
-        expect(link?.attributes).toEqual(attributes);
-      });
-
-      it('should return null for invalid/missing traceparent', () => {
-        expect(createLinkFromHeaders({})).toBeNull();
-        expect(createLinkFromHeaders({ traceparent: 'invalid' })).toBeNull();
-        expect(createLinkFromHeaders({ traceparent: '' })).toBeNull();
-      });
-
-      it('should return null for all-zero trace IDs', () => {
-        // All zeros is an invalid trace context
-        const headers = {
-          traceparent:
-            '00-00000000000000000000000000000000-0000000000000000-01',
-        };
-
-        const link = createLinkFromHeaders(headers);
-        expect(link).toBeNull();
-      });
-    });
-
-    describe('extractLinksFromBatch', () => {
-      it('should extract links from batch of messages', () => {
-        const messages = [
-          {
-            body: 'message1',
-            headers: {
-              traceparent:
-                '00-0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c-b7ad6b7169203331-01',
-            },
-          },
-          {
-            body: 'message2',
-            headers: {
-              traceparent:
-                '00-1af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c-c7ad6b7169203331-01',
-            },
-          },
-        ];
-
-        const links = extractLinksFromBatch(messages);
-
-        expect(links).toHaveLength(2);
-        expect(links[0].context.traceId).toBe(
-          '0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c',
-        );
-        expect(links[1].context.traceId).toBe(
-          '1af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c',
-        );
-      });
-
-      it('should add message index as link attribute', () => {
-        const messages = [
-          {
-            body: 'message1',
-            headers: {
-              traceparent:
-                '00-0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c-b7ad6b7169203331-01',
-            },
-          },
-          {
-            body: 'message2',
-            headers: {
-              traceparent:
-                '00-1af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c-c7ad6b7169203331-01',
-            },
-          },
-        ];
-
-        const links = extractLinksFromBatch(messages);
-
-        expect(links[0].attributes?.['messaging.batch.message_index']).toBe(0);
-        expect(links[1].attributes?.['messaging.batch.message_index']).toBe(1);
-      });
-
-      it('should use custom headers key', () => {
-        const messages = [
-          {
-            body: 'message1',
-            metadata: {
-              traceparent:
-                '00-0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c-b7ad6b7169203331-01',
-            },
-          },
-        ];
-
-        const links = extractLinksFromBatch(messages, 'metadata');
-
-        expect(links).toHaveLength(1);
-      });
-
-      it('should skip messages without headers', () => {
-        const messages = [
-          { body: 'message1' }, // No headers
-          {
-            body: 'message2',
-            headers: {
-              traceparent:
-                '00-0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c-b7ad6b7169203331-01',
-            },
-          },
-          { body: 'message3', headers: null }, // Null headers
-        ];
-
-        const links = extractLinksFromBatch(messages);
-
-        expect(links).toHaveLength(1);
-      });
-
-      it('should skip messages with invalid trace context', () => {
-        const messages = [
-          {
-            body: 'message1',
-            headers: { traceparent: 'invalid-traceparent' },
-          },
-          {
-            body: 'message2',
-            headers: {
-              traceparent:
-                '00-0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c-b7ad6b7169203331-01',
-            },
-          },
-        ];
-
-        const links = extractLinksFromBatch(messages);
-
-        expect(links).toHaveLength(1);
-        expect(links[0].context.traceId).toBe(
-          '0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c',
-        );
-      });
-
-      it('should return empty array for empty batch', () => {
-        const links = extractLinksFromBatch([]);
-        expect(links).toEqual([]);
-      });
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('samplingPresets', () => {
-    it('development() returns AlwaysSampler', () => {
-      const sampler = samplingPresets.development();
-      expect(sampler).toBeInstanceOf(AlwaysSampler);
-      expect(sampler.shouldSample(context)).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('errorsOnly() returns AdaptiveSampler that drops healthy baseline', () => {
-      const sampler = samplingPresets.errorsOnly();
-      expect(sampler).toBeInstanceOf(AdaptiveSampler);
-      sampler.shouldSample(context); // prime the WeakMap baseline decision
-      // Baseline is 0, so shouldKeepTrace for successful fast requests = false
-      expect(
-        sampler.shouldKeepTrace!(context, { success: true, duration: 50 }),
-      ).toBe(false);
-    });
-
-    it('errorsOnly() keeps errors', () => {
-      const sampler = samplingPresets.errorsOnly();
-      sampler.shouldSample(context); // prime the baseline decision
-      expect(
-        sampler.shouldKeepTrace!(context, {
-          success: false,
-          duration: 50,
-          error: new Error('fail'),
-        }),
-      ).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('production() returns AdaptiveSampler with 10% baseline', () => {
-      const sampler = samplingPresets.production();
-      expect(sampler).toBeInstanceOf(AdaptiveSampler);
-      expect(sampler.needsTailSampling!()).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('production() keeps errors', () => {
-      const sampler = samplingPresets.production();
-      sampler.shouldSample(context);
-      expect(
-        sampler.shouldKeepTrace!(context, {
-          success: false,
-          duration: 50,
-          error: new Error('fail'),
-        }),
-      ).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('production() accepts overrides', () => {
-      const sampler = samplingPresets.production({ baselineSampleRate: 1.0 });
-      sampler.shouldSample(context);
-      // With 100% baseline, all healthy traffic is kept
-      expect(
-        sampler.shouldKeepTrace!(context, { success: true, duration: 50 }),
-      ).toBe(true);
-    });
-
-    it('off() returns NeverSampler', () => {
-      const sampler = samplingPresets.off();
-      expect(sampler).toBeInstanceOf(NeverSampler);
-      expect(sampler.shouldSample(context)).toBe(false);
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('resolveSamplingPreset', () => {
-    it('resolves development', () => {
-      const sampler = resolveSamplingPreset('development');
-      expect(sampler).toBeInstanceOf(AlwaysSampler);
-    });
-
-    it('resolves errors-only', () => {
-      const sampler = resolveSamplingPreset('errors-only');
-      expect(sampler).toBeInstanceOf(AdaptiveSampler);
-    });
-
-    it('resolves production', () => {
-      const sampler = resolveSamplingPreset('production');
-      expect(sampler).toBeInstanceOf(AdaptiveSampler);
-    });
-
-    it('resolves off', () => {
-      const sampler = resolveSamplingPreset('off');
-      expect(sampler).toBeInstanceOf(NeverSampler);
-    });
-
-    it('throws on invalid preset with helpful message', () => {
-      expect(() => resolveSamplingPreset('banana' as any)).toThrow(
-        /Unknown sampling preset: "banana".*Valid presets: development, errors-only, production, off/,
-      );
-    });
-  });
-});