autotel 2.26.0 → 2.26.1

package/src/request-logger.test.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { describe, expect, it, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+import { trace as otelTrace } from '@opentelemetry/api';
 import { getRequestLogger, runWithRequestContext } from './request-logger';
 import type { TraceContext } from './trace-context';
 
@@ -23,6 +24,238 @@ function createMockContext(): TraceContext {
   } as unknown as TraceContext;
 }
 
+afterEach(() => {
+  vi.restoreAllMocks();
+});
+
+describe('post-emit warnings', () => {
+  let ctx: TraceContext;
+  let log: ReturnType<typeof getRequestLogger>;
+  let warnSpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    ctx = createMockContext();
+    log = getRequestLogger(ctx);
+    warnSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'warn').mockImplementation(() => {});
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    warnSpy.mockRestore();
+  });
+
+  it('warns when set() is called after emitNow()', () => {
+    log.emitNow();
+    log.set({ dropped: 'value' });
+
+    expect(warnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining(
+        '[autotel] log.set() called after the wide event was emitted',
+      ),
+    );
+    expect(warnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining('Keys dropped: dropped'),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('warns when info() is called after emitNow()', () => {
+    log.emitNow();
+    log.info('after emit', { extra: 'data' });
+
+    expect(warnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining(
+        '[autotel] log.info() called after the wide event was emitted',
+      ),
+    );
+    expect(warnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining('Keys dropped: message, extra'),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('warns when warn() is called after emitNow()', () => {
+    log.emitNow();
+    log.warn('after emit', { extra: 'data' });
+
+    expect(warnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining(
+        '[autotel] log.warn() called after the wide event was emitted',
+      ),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('warns when error() is called after emitNow()', () => {
+    log.emitNow();
+    log.error(new Error('after emit'), { step: 'cleanup' });
+
+    expect(warnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining(
+        '[autotel] log.error() called after the wide event was emitted',
+      ),
+    );
+    expect(warnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining('Keys dropped: step, error'),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('warns on duplicate emitNow()', () => {
+    const first = log.emitNow();
+    const second = log.emitNow();
+
+    expect(warnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining(
+        '[autotel] log.emitNow() called after the wide event was emitted',
+      ),
+    );
+    expect(warnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining('Ignoring duplicate emit'),
+    );
+    expect(second).toBe(first);
+  });
+
+  it('does not warn when calls are made before emitNow()', () => {
+    log.set({ user: { id: 'u1' } });
+    log.info('step', { stage: 'payment' });
+    log.warn('slow');
+    log.error(new Error('fail'));
+    log.emitNow();
+
+    expect(warnSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
+
+describe('array concatenation in set()', () => {
+  let ctx: TraceContext;
+  let log: ReturnType<typeof getRequestLogger>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    ctx = createMockContext();
+    log = getRequestLogger(ctx);
+  });
+
+  it('concatenates arrays when both values are arrays', () => {
+    log.set({ tags: ['initial', 'setup'] });
+    log.set({ tags: ['payment', 'complete'] });
+
+    expect(log.getContext()).toEqual({
+      tags: ['initial', 'setup', 'payment', 'complete'],
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('replaces array with non-array value', () => {
+    log.set({ tags: ['a', 'b'] });
+    log.set({ tags: 'single' });
+
+    expect(log.getContext()).toEqual({
+      tags: 'single',
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('replaces non-array with array', () => {
+    log.set({ tags: 'single' });
+    log.set({ tags: ['a', 'b'] });
+
+    expect(log.getContext()).toEqual({
+      tags: ['a', 'b'],
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('deep merges objects while concatenating nested arrays', () => {
+    log.set({
+      user: { id: 'u1', roles: ['admin'] },
+    });
+    log.set({
+      user: { name: 'Alice', roles: ['editor'] },
+    });
+
+    expect(log.getContext()).toEqual({
+      user: {
+        id: 'u1',
+        name: 'Alice',
+        roles: ['admin', 'editor'],
+      },
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe('log.fork()', () => {
+  let ctx: TraceContext;
+  let log: ReturnType<typeof getRequestLogger>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    ctx = createMockContext();
+    log = getRequestLogger(ctx);
+  });
+
+  it('throws when parent has no correlationId', () => {
+    const noCorrCtx = createMockContext();
+    (noCorrCtx as Record<string, unknown>).correlationId = '';
+    const noCorrLog = getRequestLogger(noCorrCtx);
+
+    expect(() => noCorrLog.fork('test', () => {})).toThrow(
+      '[autotel] log.fork() requires the parent logger to have a correlationId',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('fork method exists on the logger interface', () => {
+    expect(typeof log.fork).toBe('function');
+  });
+
+  it('uses an isolated child span context for forked work', async () => {
+    const childSpan = {
+      spanContext: () => ({
+        traceId: 'a'.repeat(32),
+        spanId: 'b'.repeat(16),
+      }),
+      setAttribute: vi.fn(),
+      setAttributes: vi.fn(),
+      setStatus: vi.fn(),
+      recordException: vi.fn(),
+      addEvent: vi.fn(),
+      addLink: vi.fn(),
+      addLinks: vi.fn(),
+      updateName: vi.fn(),
+      isRecording: vi.fn(() => true),
+      end: vi.fn(),
+    };
+
+    const tracer = {
+      startActiveSpan: (
+        _name: string,
+        cb: (span: typeof childSpan) => void,
+      ) => {
+        cb(childSpan);
+      },
+    };
+
+    const tracerSpy = vi
+      .spyOn(otelTrace, 'getTracer')
+      .mockReturnValue(
+        tracer as unknown as ReturnType<typeof otelTrace.getTracer>,
+      );
+
+    log.fork('background-work', async () => {
+      const childLog = getRequestLogger();
+      childLog.info('running child task', { phase: 'upload' });
+    });
+
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+
+    expect(tracerSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('autotel.request-logger');
+    expect(childSpan.setAttributes).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        operation: 'background-work',
+        _parentCorrelationId: 'corr-id',
+      }),
+    );
+    expect(childSpan.addEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'log.emit.manual',
+      expect.any(Object),
+    );
+    expect(ctx.setAttributes).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(childSpan.end).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+});
+
 describe('getRequestLogger', () => {
   it('sets flattened fields onto active span context', () => {
     const ctx = createMockContext();
@@ -134,4 +367,36 @@ describe('getRequestLogger', () => {
       });
     });
   });
+
+  it('resolves context from the active OTel span when no args and no ALS context', () => {
+    const activeSpan = {
+      spanContext: () => ({
+        traceId: 'c'.repeat(32),
+        spanId: 'd'.repeat(16),
+      }),
+      setAttribute: vi.fn(),
+      setAttributes: vi.fn(),
+      setStatus: vi.fn(),
+      recordException: vi.fn(),
+      addEvent: vi.fn(),
+      addLink: vi.fn(),
+      addLinks: vi.fn(),
+      updateName: vi.fn(),
+      isRecording: vi.fn(() => true),
+    };
+
+    const spanSpy = vi
+      .spyOn(otelTrace, 'getActiveSpan')
+      .mockReturnValue(
+        activeSpan as unknown as ReturnType<typeof otelTrace.getActiveSpan>,
+      );
+
+    const log = getRequestLogger();
+    log.set({ order: { id: 'o-1' } });
+
+    expect(spanSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(activeSpan.setAttributes).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+      'order.id': 'o-1',
+    });
+  });
 });

package/src/request-logger.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,43 @@ import { createTraceContext } from './trace-context';
 import { recordStructuredError } from './structured-error';
 import { flattenToAttributes } from './flatten-attributes';
 
+const POST_EMIT_FORK_HINT =
+  "For intentional background work tied to this request, use log.fork('label', fn) when available.";
+
+function warnPostEmit(method: string, detail: string): void {
+  console.warn(
+    `[autotel] ${method} called after the wide event was emitted — ${detail} This data will not appear in observability. ${POST_EMIT_FORK_HINT}`,
+  );
+}
+
+function mergeInto(
+  target: Record<string, unknown>,
+  source: Record<string, unknown>,
+): void {
+  for (const key in source) {
+    const sourceVal = source[key];
+    if (sourceVal === undefined) continue;
+    const targetVal = target[key];
+    if (
+      sourceVal !== null &&
+      typeof sourceVal === 'object' &&
+      !Array.isArray(sourceVal) &&
+      targetVal !== null &&
+      typeof targetVal === 'object' &&
+      !Array.isArray(targetVal)
+    ) {
+      mergeInto(
+        targetVal as Record<string, unknown>,
+        sourceVal as Record<string, unknown>,
+      );
+    } else if (Array.isArray(targetVal) && Array.isArray(sourceVal)) {
+      target[key] = [...targetVal, ...sourceVal];
+    } else {
+      target[key] = sourceVal;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 const requestContextStore = new AsyncLocalStorage<TraceContext>();
 
 export function runWithRequestContext<T>(ctx: TraceContext, fn: () => T): T {
@@ -18,6 +55,7 @@ export interface RequestLogger {
   error(error: Error | string, fields?: Record<string, unknown>): void;
   getContext(): Record<string, unknown>;
   emitNow(overrides?: Record<string, unknown>): RequestLogSnapshot;
+  fork(label: string, fn: () => void | Promise<void>): void;
 }
 
 export interface RequestLogSnapshot {
@@ -54,6 +92,8 @@ export function getRequestLogger(
 ): RequestLogger {
   const activeContext = resolveContext(ctx);
   let contextState: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+  let emitted = false;
+  let lastSnapshot: RequestLogSnapshot | null = null;
 
   const addLogEvent = (
     level: 'info' | 'warn' | 'error',
@@ -67,48 +107,60 @@ export function getRequestLogger(
     });
   };
 
+  const sealCheck = (method: string, keys: string[]): void => {
+    if (emitted) {
+      warnPostEmit(
+        method,
+        `Keys dropped: ${keys.length ? keys.join(', ') : '(empty)'}.`,
+      );
+    }
+  };
+
   return {
     set(fields: Record<string, unknown>) {
-      contextState = {
-        ...contextState,
-        ...fields,
-      };
+      sealCheck('log.set()', Object.keys(fields));
+      if (emitted) return;
+      mergeInto(contextState, fields);
       activeContext.setAttributes(flattenToAttributes(fields));
     },
 
     info(message: string, fields?: Record<string, unknown>) {
+      const keys = fields
+        ? ['message', ...Object.keys(fields).filter((k) => k !== 'requestLogs')]
+        : ['message'];
+      sealCheck('log.info()', keys);
+      if (emitted) return;
       addLogEvent('info', message, fields);
       if (fields) {
-        contextState = {
-          ...contextState,
-          ...fields,
-        };
+        mergeInto(contextState, fields);
         activeContext.setAttributes(flattenToAttributes(fields));
       }
     },
 
     warn(message: string, fields?: Record<string, unknown>) {
+      const keys = fields
+        ? ['message', ...Object.keys(fields).filter((k) => k !== 'requestLogs')]
+        : ['message'];
+      sealCheck('log.warn()', keys);
+      if (emitted) return;
       addLogEvent('warn', message, fields);
       activeContext.setAttribute('autotel.log.level', 'warn');
       if (fields) {
-        contextState = {
-          ...contextState,
-          ...fields,
-        };
+        mergeInto(contextState, fields);
         activeContext.setAttributes(flattenToAttributes(fields));
       }
     },
 
     error(error: Error | string, fields?: Record<string, unknown>) {
+      const keys = fields ? [...Object.keys(fields), 'error'] : ['error'];
+      sealCheck('log.error()', keys);
+      if (emitted) return;
       const err = typeof error === 'string' ? new Error(error) : error;
       recordStructuredError(activeContext, err);
       addLogEvent('error', err.message, fields);
 
       if (fields) {
-        contextState = {
-          ...contextState,
-          ...fields,
-        };
+        mergeInto(contextState, fields);
         activeContext.setAttributes(flattenToAttributes(fields));
       }
       activeContext.setAttribute('autotel.log.level', 'error');
@@ -119,6 +171,11 @@ export function getRequestLogger(
     },
 
     emitNow(overrides?: Record<string, unknown>): RequestLogSnapshot {
+      if (emitted) {
+        warnPostEmit('log.emitNow()', 'Ignoring duplicate emit.');
+        return lastSnapshot as RequestLogSnapshot;
+      }
+
       const mergedContext = {
         ...contextState,
         ...(overrides ?? {}),
@@ -144,7 +201,49 @@ export function getRequestLogger(
         });
       }
 
+      emitted = true;
+      lastSnapshot = snapshot;
       return snapshot;
     },
+
+    fork(label: string, fn: () => void | Promise<void>): void {
+      const parentRequestId = activeContext.correlationId;
+      if (typeof parentRequestId !== 'string' || parentRequestId.length === 0) {
+        throw new Error(
+          '[autotel] log.fork() requires the parent logger to have a correlationId. ' +
+            'Ensure the request was created by autotel middleware.',
+        );
+      }
+
+      const tracer = otelTrace.getTracer('autotel.request-logger');
+      void tracer.startActiveSpan(`request.fork:${label}`, (childSpan) => {
+        const childContext: TraceContext = {
+          ...createTraceContext(childSpan),
+          correlationId: crypto.randomUUID(),
+        };
+
+        requestContextStore.run(childContext, () => {
+          const childLog = getRequestLogger(childContext);
+          childLog.set({
+            operation: label,
+            _parentCorrelationId: parentRequestId,
+          });
+
+          void Promise.resolve()
+            .then(() => fn())
+            .then(() => {
+              childLog.emitNow();
+            })
+            .catch((err: unknown) => {
+              const error = err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err));
+              childLog.error(error);
+              childLog.emitNow();
+            })
+            .finally(() => {
+              childSpan.end();
+            });
+        });
+      });
+    },
   };
 }

package/src/structured-error.ts

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ import { SpanStatusCode } from '@opentelemetry/api';
 import type { AttributeValue, TraceContext } from './trace-context';
 import { flattenToAttributes } from './flatten-attributes';
 
+const internalKey = Symbol.for('autotel.error.internal');
+
 export interface StructuredErrorInput {
   message: string;
   why?: string;
@@ -12,6 +14,8 @@ export interface StructuredErrorInput {
   cause?: unknown;
   details?: Record<string, unknown>;
   name?: string;
+  /** Backend-only context. Omitted from toJSON() and never serialized to clients. */
+  internal?: Record<string, unknown>;
 }
 
 export interface StructuredError extends Error {
@@ -21,6 +25,8 @@ export interface StructuredError extends Error {
   code?: string | number;
   status?: number;
   details?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  /** Backend-only context. Omitted from toJSON() and never serialized to clients. */
+  readonly internal?: Record<string, unknown>;
 }
 
 export function createStructuredError(
@@ -38,6 +44,25 @@ export function createStructuredError(
   if (input.status !== undefined) error.status = input.status;
   if (input.details !== undefined) error.details = input.details;
 
+  if (input.internal !== undefined) {
+    Object.defineProperty(error, internalKey, {
+      value: input.internal,
+      enumerable: false,
+      writable: false,
+      configurable: true,
+    });
+  }
+
+  Object.defineProperty(error, 'internal', {
+    get() {
+      return (
+        this as StructuredError & { [internalKey]?: Record<string, unknown> }
+      )[internalKey];
+    },
+    enumerable: false,
+    configurable: true,
+  });
+
   error.toString = () => {
     const lines = [`${error.name}: ${error.message}`];
     if (error.why) lines.push(`  Why: ${error.why}`);
@@ -45,13 +70,41 @@ export function createStructuredError(
     if (error.link) lines.push(`  Link: ${error.link}`);
     if (error.code !== undefined) lines.push(`  Code: ${error.code}`);
     if (error.status !== undefined) lines.push(`  Status: ${error.status}`);
-    if (error.cause) lines.push(`  Caused by: ${error.cause}`);
+    if (error.cause) {
+      const cause = error.cause as Error;
+      lines.push(`  Caused by: ${cause.name}: ${cause.message}`);
+    }
     return lines.join('\n');
   };
 
   return error;
 }
 
+export function structuredErrorToJSON(
+  error: StructuredError,
+): Record<string, unknown> {
+  const result: Record<string, unknown> = {
+    name: error.name,
+    message: error.message,
+  };
+
+  if (error.status !== undefined) result.status = error.status;
+  if (error.why || error.fix || error.link) {
+    result.data = {
+      ...(error.why && { why: error.why }),
+      ...(error.fix && { fix: error.fix }),
+      ...(error.link && { link: error.link }),
+    };
+  }
+  if (error.code !== undefined) result.code = error.code;
+  if (error.details) result.details = error.details;
+  if (error.cause instanceof Error) {
+    result.cause = { name: error.cause.name, message: error.cause.message };
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
 export function getStructuredErrorAttributes(
   error: Error,
 ): Record<string, AttributeValue> {

package/dist/chunk-7FIGORWI.cjs.map

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
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* Sampling Strategies\n *\n * Provides intelligent sampling beyond simple random rates.\n * Helps reduce telemetry costs while capturing critical data.\n *\n * Key strategies:\n * - Always trace errors and slow requests (critical for debugging)\n * - Sample by user ID for consistent request tracing\n * - Adaptive sampling based on load\n * - Sample by feature flags for A/B testing correlation\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * import { AlwaysOnErrorSampler, UserIdSampler } from './sampling'\n *\n * @Instrumented({\n *   serviceName: 'user',\n *   sampler: new AlwaysOnErrorSampler(0.1) // 10% baseline, 100% on errors\n * })\n * class UserService { }\n * ```\n */\n\nimport type { Link, Attributes } from '@opentelemetry/api';\nimport { TraceFlags } from '@opentelemetry/api';\nimport { type Logger } from './logger';\n\n/**\n * Tail sampling attribute keys (autotel-internal, not OTel semconv)\n */\nexport const AUTOTEL_SAMPLING_TAIL_KEEP = 'autotel.sampling.tail.keep';\nexport const AUTOTEL_SAMPLING_TAIL_EVALUATED =\n  'autotel.sampling.tail.evaluated';\n\n/**\n * Sampler interface - return true to trace, false to skip\n */\nexport interface Sampler {\n  /**\n   * Decide whether to trace this operation\n   *\n   * @param context - Sampling context\n   * @returns true to trace, false to skip\n   */\n  shouldSample(context: SamplingContext): boolean;\n\n  /**\n   * Whether this sampler needs tail sampling (post-execution decision)\n   * If true, spans are always created and shouldKeepTrace() is called after execution\n   *\n   * @returns true if this sampler needs to evaluate after operation completes\n   */\n  needsTailSampling?(): boolean;\n\n  /**\n   * Re-evaluate sampling decision after operation completes (tail sampling)\n   * Only called if needsTailSampling() returns true\n   *\n   * @param context - Sampling context\n   * @param result - Operation result\n   * @returns true if this trace should be kept, false to drop it\n   */\n  shouldKeepTrace?(context: SamplingContext, result: OperationResult): boolean;\n}\n\n/**\n * Context information for sampling decisions\n */\nexport interface SamplingContext {\n  /** Operation name */\n  operationName: string;\n  /** Method arguments (for extracting user IDs, etc.) */\n  args: unknown[];\n  /** Optional metadata (e.g., feature flags, request headers) */\n  metadata?: Record<string, unknown>;\n  /** Optional span links for links-based sampling */\n  links?: Link[];\n}\n\n/**\n * Result of a trace operation (for post-execution sampling)\n */\nexport interface OperationResult {\n  /** Whether the operation succeeded */\n  success: boolean;\n  /** Duration in milliseconds */\n  duration: number;\n  /** Error if operation failed */\n  error?: Error;\n}\n\n/**\n * Simple random sampler\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * new RandomSampler(0.1) // Sample 10% of requests\n * ```\n */\nexport class RandomSampler implements Sampler {\n  constructor(private readonly sampleRate: number) {\n    if (sampleRate < 0 || sampleRate > 1) {\n      throw new Error('Sample rate must be between 0 and 1');\n    }\n  }\n\n  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars\n  shouldSample(_context: SamplingContext): boolean {\n    return Math.random() < this.sampleRate;\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Always sample (100% tracing)\n */\nexport class AlwaysSampler implements Sampler {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars\n  shouldSample(_context: SamplingContext): boolean {\n    return true;\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Never sample (0% tracing)\n */\nexport class NeverSampler implements Sampler {\n  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars\n  shouldSample(_context: SamplingContext): boolean {\n    return false;\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Adaptive sampler that always traces errors and slow requests\n *\n * This is the recommended sampler for production use.\n * It ensures you never miss critical issues while keeping costs down.\n *\n * Strategy:\n * - Always trace errors (critical for debugging)\n * - Always trace slow requests (performance issues)\n * - Use baseline sample rate for successful fast requests\n *\n * **IMPORTANT - Tail Sampling Requirement:**\n * This sampler uses tail sampling (makes decisions AFTER execution).\n * You MUST use TailSamplingSpanProcessor for it to work correctly:\n *\n * - If using initInstrumentation(): TailSamplingSpanProcessor is auto-configured\n * - If using custom TracerProvider: You MUST manually register TailSamplingSpanProcessor\n *\n * Without TailSamplingSpanProcessor, ALL spans are exported (defeating the cost savings).\n *\n * @see TailSamplingSpanProcessor\n * @see README.md \"Tail Sampling with Custom Providers\" section\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * new AdaptiveSampler({\n *   baselineSampleRate: 0.1,    // 10% of normal requests\n *   slowThresholdMs: 1000,       // Requests > 1s are \"slow\"\n *   alwaysSampleErrors: true,    // Always trace errors\n *   alwaysSampleSlow: true       // Always trace slow requests\n * })\n * ```\n */\nexport class AdaptiveSampler implements Sampler {\n  private baselineSampleRate: number;\n  private slowThresholdMs: number;\n  private alwaysSampleErrors: boolean;\n  private alwaysSampleSlow: boolean;\n  private linksBased: boolean;\n  private linksRate: number;\n  private logger?: Logger;\n\n  // Track whether we should sample this request\n  private readonly samplingDecisions = new WeakMap<unknown[], boolean>();\n  // Track operation results to enable post-execution decision\n  private readonly operationResults = new WeakMap<unknown[], OperationResult>();\n\n  constructor(\n    options: {\n      baselineSampleRate?: number;\n      slowThresholdMs?: number;\n      alwaysSampleErrors?: boolean;\n      alwaysSampleSlow?: boolean;\n      /** Enable links-based sampling for event-driven architectures */\n      linksBased?: boolean;\n      /** Sampling rate for spans linked to sampled spans (0.0-1.0) */\n      linksRate?: number;\n      logger?: Logger;\n    } = {},\n  ) {\n    this.baselineSampleRate = options.baselineSampleRate ?? 0.1;\n    this.slowThresholdMs = options.slowThresholdMs ?? 1000;\n    this.alwaysSampleErrors = options.alwaysSampleErrors ?? true;\n    this.alwaysSampleSlow = options.alwaysSampleSlow ?? true;\n    this.linksBased = options.linksBased ?? false;\n    this.linksRate = options.linksRate ?? 1;\n    this.logger = options.logger;\n\n    if (this.baselineSampleRate < 0 || this.baselineSampleRate > 1) {\n      throw new Error('Baseline sample rate must be between 0 and 1');\n    }\n    if (this.linksRate < 0 || this.linksRate > 1) {\n      throw new Error('Links rate must be between 0 and 1');\n    }\n  }\n\n  needsTailSampling(): boolean {\n    // AdaptiveSampler ALWAYS needs tail sampling to implement error/slow capture\n    return true;\n  }\n\n  shouldSample(context: SamplingContext): boolean {\n    // For tail sampling, we optimistically create spans for all requests\n    // The real decision happens in shouldKeepTrace() after execution\n    // We still store the baseline decision for shouldKeepTrace() to use\n    const baselineDecision = Math.random() < this.baselineSampleRate;\n    this.samplingDecisions.set(context.args, baselineDecision);\n\n    // Always return true to create the span (tail sampling will decide if we keep it)\n    return true;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Check if any links point to sampled spans.\n   *\n   * A span is considered linked to a sampled span if any of its links\n   * have trace_flags with the sampled bit set (0x01).\n   *\n   * @param links - Array of span links to check\n   * @returns true if any linked span is sampled, false otherwise\n   */\n  hasSampledLink(links: Link[]): boolean {\n    if (!links || links.length === 0) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    return links.some(\n      (link) =>\n        link.context && (link.context.traceFlags & TraceFlags.SAMPLED) !== 0,\n    );\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Re-evaluate sampling decision after operation completes\n   *\n   * This allows us to always capture errors and slow requests,\n   * even if they weren't initially sampled.\n   *\n   * @param context - Sampling context\n   * @param result - Operation result\n   * @returns true if this operation should be kept (not discarded)\n   */\n  shouldKeepTrace(context: SamplingContext, result: OperationResult): boolean {\n    const baselineDecision = this.samplingDecisions.get(context.args) ?? false;\n\n    // Always keep errors\n    if (this.alwaysSampleErrors && !result.success) {\n      if (!baselineDecision) {\n        this.logger?.debug(\n          {\n            operation: context.operationName,\n            error: result.error?.message,\n          },\n          'Adaptive sampling: Keeping error trace',\n        );\n      }\n      return true;\n    }\n\n    // Always keep slow requests\n    if (this.alwaysSampleSlow && result.duration >= this.slowThresholdMs) {\n      if (!baselineDecision) {\n        this.logger?.debug(\n          {\n            operation: context.operationName,\n            duration: result.duration,\n          },\n          'Adaptive sampling: Keeping slow trace',\n        );\n      }\n      return true;\n    }\n\n    // Check for sampled links (links-based sampling for event-driven systems)\n    if (\n      this.linksBased &&\n      context.links &&\n      this.hasSampledLink(context.links)\n    ) {\n      // Use linksRate to decide whether to keep the linked span\n      const keepLinked = Math.random() < this.linksRate;\n      if (keepLinked && !baselineDecision) {\n        this.logger?.debug(\n          {\n            operation: context.operationName,\n            linkCount: context.links.length,\n          },\n          'Adaptive sampling: Keeping trace due to sampled link',\n        );\n      }\n      return keepLinked;\n    }\n\n    // Otherwise, use baseline decision\n    return baselineDecision;\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * User-based sampler for consistent tracing\n *\n * Always samples requests from specific user IDs.\n * Useful for debugging specific user issues or monitoring VIP users.\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * new UserIdSampler({\n *   baselineSampleRate: 0.01,      // 1% of normal users\n *   alwaysSampleUsers: ['vip_123'], // Always trace VIP users\n *   extractUserId: (args) => args[0]?.userId // Extract user ID from first arg\n * })\n * ```\n */\nexport class UserIdSampler implements Sampler {\n  private baselineSampleRate: number;\n  private alwaysSampleUsers: Set<string>;\n  private extractUserId: (args: unknown[]) => string | undefined;\n  private logger?: Logger;\n\n  constructor(options: {\n    baselineSampleRate?: number;\n    alwaysSampleUsers?: string[];\n    extractUserId: (args: unknown[]) => string | undefined;\n    logger?: Logger;\n  }) {\n    this.baselineSampleRate = options.baselineSampleRate ?? 0.1;\n    this.alwaysSampleUsers = new Set(options.alwaysSampleUsers || []);\n    this.extractUserId = options.extractUserId;\n    this.logger = options.logger;\n  }\n\n  shouldSample(context: SamplingContext): boolean {\n    const userId = this.extractUserId(context.args);\n\n    // Always sample specific users\n    if (userId && this.alwaysSampleUsers.has(userId)) {\n      this.logger?.debug(\n        {\n          operation: context.operationName,\n          userId,\n        },\n        'Sampling user request',\n      );\n      return true;\n    }\n\n    // For consistent per-user sampling, hash the user ID\n    if (userId) {\n      const hash = this.hashString(userId);\n      return hash < this.baselineSampleRate;\n    }\n\n    // Fallback to random sampling if no user ID\n    return Math.random() < this.baselineSampleRate;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Add user IDs to always-sample list\n   */\n  addAlwaysSampleUsers(...userIds: string[]): void {\n    for (const userId of userIds) {\n      this.alwaysSampleUsers.add(userId);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Remove user IDs from always-sample list\n   */\n  removeAlwaysSampleUsers(...userIds: string[]): void {\n    for (const userId of userIds) {\n      this.alwaysSampleUsers.delete(userId);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Simple hash function for consistent user sampling\n   */\n  private hashString(str: string): number {\n    let hash = 0;\n    for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {\n      const char = str.codePointAt(i) ?? 0;\n      hash = (hash << 5) - hash + char;\n      hash = hash & hash; // Convert to 32-bit integer\n    }\n    return Math.abs(hash) / 2_147_483_647; // Normalize to 0-1\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Composite sampler that combines multiple samplers\n *\n * Samples if ANY of the child samplers returns true.\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * new CompositeSampler([\n *   new UserIdSampler({ extractUserId: (args) => args[0]?.userId }),\n *   new AdaptiveSampler({ baselineSampleRate: 0.1 })\n * ])\n * ```\n */\nexport class CompositeSampler implements Sampler {\n  constructor(private readonly samplers: Sampler[]) {\n    if (samplers.length === 0) {\n      throw new Error('CompositeSampler requires at least one child sampler');\n    }\n  }\n\n  shouldSample(context: SamplingContext): boolean {\n    return this.samplers.some((sampler) => sampler.shouldSample(context));\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Feature flag sampler\n *\n * Always samples requests with specific feature flags enabled.\n * Perfect for correlating A/B test experiments with metrics.\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * new FeatureFlagSampler({\n *   baselineSampleRate: 0.01,\n *   alwaysSampleFlags: ['new_checkout', 'experimental_ui'],\n *   extractFlags: (args, metadata) => metadata?.featureFlags\n * })\n * ```\n */\nexport class FeatureFlagSampler implements Sampler {\n  private baselineSampleRate: number;\n  private alwaysSampleFlags: Set<string>;\n  private extractFlags: (\n    args: unknown[],\n    metadata?: Record<string, unknown>,\n  ) => string[] | undefined;\n  private logger?: Logger;\n\n  constructor(options: {\n    baselineSampleRate?: number;\n    alwaysSampleFlags?: string[];\n    extractFlags: (\n      args: unknown[],\n      metadata?: Record<string, unknown>,\n    ) => string[] | undefined;\n    logger?: Logger;\n  }) {\n    this.baselineSampleRate = options.baselineSampleRate ?? 0.1;\n    this.alwaysSampleFlags = new Set(options.alwaysSampleFlags || []);\n    this.extractFlags = options.extractFlags;\n    this.logger = options.logger;\n  }\n\n  shouldSample(context: SamplingContext): boolean {\n    const flags = this.extractFlags(context.args, context.metadata);\n\n    // Always sample if any monitored flag is enabled\n    if (flags && flags.some((flag) => this.alwaysSampleFlags.has(flag))) {\n      this.logger?.debug(\n        {\n          operation: context.operationName,\n          flags,\n        },\n        'Sampling feature flag request',\n      );\n      return true;\n    }\n\n    // Fallback to random sampling\n    return Math.random() < this.baselineSampleRate;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Add feature flags to always-sample list\n   */\n  addAlwaysSampleFlags(...flags: string[]): void {\n    for (const flag of flags) {\n      this.alwaysSampleFlags.add(flag);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Remove feature flags from always-sample list\n   */\n  removeAlwaysSampleFlags(...flags: string[]): void {\n    for (const flag of flags) {\n      this.alwaysSampleFlags.delete(flag);\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n// ============================================================================\n// Sampling Presets\n// ============================================================================\n\n/**\n * Named sampling presets for common environments.\n * Use with `init({ sampling: 'production' })` or directly via factories.\n */\nexport type SamplingPreset =\n  | 'development'\n  | 'errors-only'\n  | 'production'\n  | 'off';\n\n/**\n * Sampling preset factories.\n *\n * For most users, the string shorthand on `init()` is simpler:\n * ```typescript\n * init({ service: 'my-app', sampling: 'production' })\n * ```\n *\n * Use factories when you need to customize:\n * ```typescript\n * init({ service: 'my-app', sampler: samplingPresets.production({ baselineSampleRate: 0.05 }) })\n * ```\n */\nexport const samplingPresets = {\n  /** Capture everything — best for local development and debugging */\n  development: () => new AlwaysSampler(),\n\n  /** Only bad outcomes — zero baseline, errors always kept */\n  errorsOnly: () =>\n    new AdaptiveSampler({\n      baselineSampleRate: 0,\n      alwaysSampleErrors: true,\n    }),\n\n  /**\n   * Balanced production defaults — 10% baseline + errors + slow traces.\n   * Pass overrides to tune (uses the same option names as AdaptiveSampler).\n   */\n  production: (overrides?: {\n    baselineSampleRate?: number;\n    slowThresholdMs?: number;\n    alwaysSampleErrors?: boolean;\n    alwaysSampleSlow?: boolean;\n  }) =>\n    new AdaptiveSampler({\n      baselineSampleRate: 0.1,\n      alwaysSampleErrors: true,\n      alwaysSampleSlow: true,\n      slowThresholdMs: 1000,\n      ...overrides,\n    }),\n\n  /** Disable sampling entirely */\n  off: () => new NeverSampler(),\n};\n\n/**\n * Resolve a preset string to a Sampler instance.\n * Used internally by `init()` when `sampling` string is provided.\n *\n * @throws Error if preset is not recognized\n */\nexport function resolveSamplingPreset(preset: SamplingPreset): Sampler {\n  switch (preset) {\n    case 'development':\n      return samplingPresets.development();\n    case 'errors-only':\n      return samplingPresets.errorsOnly();\n    case 'production':\n      return samplingPresets.production();\n    case 'off':\n      return samplingPresets.off();\n    default:\n      throw new Error(\n        `Unknown sampling preset: \"${preset}\". Valid presets: development, errors-only, production, off`,\n      );\n  }\n}\n\n// ============================================================================\n// Link Helper Functions\n// ============================================================================\n\n/**\n * Create a Link from W3C trace context headers (e.g., from a message queue).\n *\n * This is useful for message consumers that need to link to the producer span.\n * The headers should contain at least a `traceparent` header in W3C format.\n *\n * @param headers - Dictionary containing traceparent/tracestate headers\n * @param attributes - Optional attributes for the link\n * @returns Link object if context could be extracted, null otherwise\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * // In a Kafka consumer\n * const headers = { traceparent: '00-abc123...-def456...-01' };\n * const link = createLinkFromHeaders(headers);\n * if (link) {\n *   // Use with tracer.startActiveSpan options or ctx.addLink()\n *   tracer.startActiveSpan('process.message', { links: [link] }, span => { ... });\n * }\n * ```\n */\nexport function createLinkFromHeaders(\n  headers: Record<string, string>,\n  attributes?: Attributes,\n): Link | null {\n  // Parse W3C traceparent header directly for reliability\n  // Format: version-traceId-spanId-traceFlags (e.g., 00-abc123...-def456...-01)\n  const traceparent = headers.traceparent || headers['traceparent'];\n  if (!traceparent) {\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  const spanContext = parseTraceparent(traceparent);\n  if (!spanContext || !isValidSpanContext(spanContext)) {\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  return {\n    context: spanContext,\n    attributes: attributes ?? {},\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Extract Links from a batch of messages for fan-in scenarios.\n *\n * Useful for batch processing where multiple producer spans should be linked.\n * This enables tracing causality in event-driven architectures where a single\n * consumer processes messages from multiple producers.\n *\n * @param messages - List of message objects\n * @param headersKey - Key in each message containing trace headers (default: 'headers')\n * @returns List of Link objects for all valid trace contexts\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * // Processing a batch of SQS/Kafka messages\n * const messages = [\n *   { body: '...', headers: { traceparent: '...' } },\n *   { body: '...', headers: { traceparent: '...' } },\n * ];\n * const links = extractLinksFromBatch(messages);\n *\n * tracer.startActiveSpan('process.batch', { links }, span => {\n *   for (const msg of messages) {\n *     processMessage(msg);\n *   }\n * });\n * ```\n */\nexport function extractLinksFromBatch(\n  messages: Array<{ [key: string]: unknown }>,\n  headersKey: string = 'headers',\n): Link[] {\n  const links: Link[] = [];\n\n  for (const msg of messages) {\n    const msgHeaders = msg[headersKey];\n    if (msgHeaders && typeof msgHeaders === 'object' && msgHeaders !== null) {\n      const link = createLinkFromHeaders(msgHeaders as Record<string, string>, {\n        'messaging.batch.message_index': links.length,\n      });\n      if (link) {\n        links.push(link);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  return links;\n}\n\n/**\n * Parse W3C traceparent header into SpanContext\n * Format: version-traceId-spanId-traceFlags (e.g., 00-abc123...-def456...-01)\n *\n * @see https://www.w3.org/TR/trace-context/#traceparent-header\n */\nfunction parseTraceparent(\n  traceparent: string,\n): import('@opentelemetry/api').SpanContext | null {\n  // W3C traceparent format: version-traceId-parentId-traceFlags\n  // Example: 00-0af7651916cd43dd8448eb211c80319c-b7ad6b7169203331-01\n  const TRACEPARENT_REGEX =\n    /^([0-9a-f]{2})-([0-9a-f]{32})-([0-9a-f]{16})-([0-9a-f]{2})$/i;\n\n  const match = traceparent.match(TRACEPARENT_REGEX);\n  if (!match || match.length < 5) {\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  const version = match[1];\n  const traceId = match[2];\n  const spanId = match[3];\n  const flags = match[4];\n\n  // Validate all parts are present (TypeScript narrowing)\n  if (!version || !traceId || !spanId || !flags) {\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  // Version 00 is currently the only version, but we should be forward compatible\n  if (version === 'ff') {\n    // Version ff is invalid according to spec\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  return {\n    traceId,\n    spanId,\n    traceFlags: Number.parseInt(flags, 16),\n    isRemote: true,\n  };\n}\n\n/**\n * Check if a SpanContext is valid (has non-zero trace and span IDs)\n */\nfunction isValidSpanContext(\n  spanContext: import('@opentelemetry/api').SpanContext | null,\n): spanContext is import('@opentelemetry/api').SpanContext {\n  if (!spanContext) return false;\n  // TraceId should not be all zeros (00000000000000000000000000000000)\n  // SpanId should not be all zeros (0000000000000000)\n  return (\n    spanContext.traceId !== '00000000000000000000000000000000' &&\n    spanContext.spanId !== '0000000000000000'\n  );\n}\n"]}